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  • 1995-1999  (69)
  • 1980-1984  (16)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (83)
  • [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Amsterdam University Press  (2)
  • Humanities  (85)
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Year
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Publisher
Keywords
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The (Coming) Age of Thresholding (1999)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401592710
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 301 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies in Contemporary Culture 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: As a philosopher, Stephen Erickson considers himself a messenger of sorts and the message he is delivering is an important and groundbreaking one. He convincingly argues that we are entering into a new historical moment, a period which will only be properly defined and named by those who come after us, as were the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. Erickson predicts a failure and eventual breakdown of traditional values and institutions resulting in a dramatic change in our understanding of human life. This he illustrates with clear examples from contemporary political, economic and religious circumstances. To lessen the impact of this dramatic changeover, which will be initially experienced as upheaval and global anxiety, Erickson argues that we must do all we can to come into this new era, which he has called The Age of Thresholding, with a better understanding of our past and present. Only then can the message our future holds be properly received and understood. Many have asked why and when our century's values came into being, and why they have been sustained in the manner in which they have. These are legitimate historical questions, and I hope to supply some answers. But other questions should be directed toward our future. Over what threshold might we be crossing and what will have been ventured? What will have been gained, and what will be left behind? from The (Coming) Age of Thresholding
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-9271-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Natural and Societal Challenges of the Northern Sea Route : A Reference Work (1999)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401594097
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XLII, 466 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Environmental toxicology ; Regional planning ; Regional economics ; Spatial economics. ; Geotechnical engineering. ; Ethnology. ; Culture. ; Environmental chemistry.
    Abstract: The Northern Sea Route (NSR) through Russia's ice-infested Arctic waters can potentially halve sailing distances between Europe and Northeast Asia. It also passes by some of the world's largest oil and gas reserves. As we enter the 21st century, technological, political and even climatic developments are again making the NSR an interesting possibility. Is international, commercial shipping on NSR feasible - economically, technologically and environmentally? This has been the topic of six years of research within the International Northern Sea Route Programme (INSROP), enlisting the expertise of 450 researchers from 14 countries. Acknowledging the complexity of the problem, the research programme used a uniquely multi-disciplinary approach, with 104 sub-projects mapping and investigating relevant ship technology, the costs and benefits versus other transport routes, potential impacts on the environment and local indigenous peoples, the cargo potential, political and administrative obstacles, the availability of insurance, aspects of security, jurisdiction and environmental law, as well as other aspects. The results and conclusions of the 104 studies have been integrated and is presented in this book - the first book ever to address the Northern Sea Route in such a comprehensive manner.It is truly a reference work, which should be on the desk of all commercial and political decision-makers concerned with the commercial potential and future development of Northern Sea Route shipping - as well as other stakeholders and interested experts
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-9409-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Judaeo-Christian Intellectual Culture in the Seventeenth Century : A Celebration of the Library of Narcissus Marsh (1638-1713) (1999)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401146333
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 262 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 163
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 163
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Genetic epistemology ; History ; Culture—Study and teaching. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy. ; Cultural property.
    Abstract: This work focuses on Latin Judaica and Biblical interpretation with a primary emphasis on texts that were found in the library of Archbishop Narcissus Marsh of Dublin. This remarkable collection of Latin Judaica, Polyglot Bibles, and other works sheds light on the way in which the Protestant Reformation dealt both with Jews, and the Bible, the Jewish Kabbalah and religious toleration or intolerance. The articles contained herein will be of especial interest to historians of religion and philosophy, and those dealing with Jewish-Christian relations and the manner in which Biblical interpretation was changed as a result of seventeenth-century influences. The articles also weave a new approach to the broad history of religious toleration. Philosophers, political thinkers, religious clerics, and budding anthropologists look at Judaism, Christianity, Kabbalah, and the Bible under a new and vastly more modern lens
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-4633-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inquiry as Inquiry: A Logic of Scientific Discovery (1999)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401593137
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 289 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Jaakko Hintikka Selected Papers 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Is a genuine logic of scientific discovery possible? In the essays collected here, Hintikka not only defends an affirmative answer; he also outlines such a logic. It is the logic of questions and answers. Thus inquiry in the sense of knowledge-seeking becomes inquiry in the sense of interrogation. Using this new logic, Hintikka establishes a result that will undoubtedly be considered the fundamental theorem of all epistemology, viz., the virtual identity of optimal strategies of pure discovery with optimal deductive strategies. Questions to Nature, of course, must include observations and experiments. Hintikka shows, in fact, how the logic of experimental inquiry can be understood from the interrogative vantage point. Other important topics examined include induction (in a forgotten sense that has nevertheless played a role in science), explanation, the incommensurability of theories, theory-ladenness of observations, and identifiability
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-9313-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Leibniz: Representation, Continuity and the Spatiotemporal (1999)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401591478
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 195 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Science and Philosophy 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Anapolitanos critically examines and evaluates three basic characteristics of the Leibnizian metaphysical system: Leibniz's version of representation; the principle of continuity; and space, time, and the phenomenally spatio-temporal. Chapter I discusses representation, especially as it refers to the connection between the real and the phenomenal levels of Leibniz's system. Chapter II examines the principle of continuity, including continuity as a general feature of every level of Leibniz's metaphysics. The position adopted is that the problem of the composition of the continuum played a central role on the development of Leibniz's non-spatial and non-temporal monadic metaphysics. The machinery developed is then used to offer a new interpretation of Leibniz' metaphysics of space and time. The notion of indirect representation is used to construct appropriate models that clarify the nature of the correspondence between the real and the phenomenal levels in the case of the relations `spatially between' and `temporally between', as well as in the cases of spatial and temporal density. Finally, Leibniz's solution to the problem of the continuum is discussed, arguing that it is not entirely satisfactory. A non-anachronistic alternative is proposed, compatible with Leibniz's metaphysics of substance
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-9147-8
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Sciences in the European Periphery During the Enlightenment (1999)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401147705
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archimedes, New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The articles in this volume of ARCHIMEDES examine particular cases of `reception' in ways that emphasize pressing historiographical and methodological issues. Such issues arise in any consideration of the transmission and appropriation of scientific concepts and practices that originated in the several `centers' of European learning, subsequently to appear (often in considerably altered guise) in regions at the European periphery. They discuss the transfer of new scientific ideas, the mechanisms of their introduction, and the processes of their appropriation at the periphery. The themes that frame the discussions of the complex relationship between the origination of ideas and their reception include the ways in which the ideas of the Scientific Revolution were introduced, the particularities of their expression in each place, the specific forms of resistance encountered by these new ideas, the extent to which such expression and resistance displays national characteristics, the procedures through which new ways of dealing with nature were made legitimate, and the commonalities and differences between the methods developed by scholars for handling scientific issues
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-4770-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Textbook of Belief Dynamics : Solutions to exercises (1999)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400708143
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 65 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Applied Logic Series 11/2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The mid-1980s saw the discovery of logical tools that make it possible to model changes in belief and knowledge in entirely new ways. These logical tools turned out to be applicable to both human beliefs and to the contents of databases. Philosophers, logicians, and computer scientists have contributed to making this interdisciplinary field one of the most exciting in the cognitive scientists - and one that is expanding rapidly. This, the first textbook in the new area, contains both discursive chapters with a minimum of formalism and formal chapters in which proofs and proof methods are presented. Using different selections from the formal sections, according to the author's detailed advice, allows the book to be used at all levels of university education. A supplementary volume contains solutions to the 210 exercises. The volume's unique, comprehensive coverage means that it can also be used by specialists in the field of belief dynamics and related areas, such as non-monotonic reasoning and knowledge representation
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-0814-3
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Freud’s Philosophy of the Unconscious (1999)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401716116
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 221 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 23
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy of mind ; History
    Abstract: Freud's Philosophy of the Unconscious is the only comprehensive, systematic study of Sigmund Freud's philosophy of mind. Freud emerges as a sophisticated philosopher who addresses many of the central questions that concern contemporary philosophers and cognitive scientists while anticipating many of their views. While still a student in Vienna, Freud was initiated into philosophy by Franz Brentano. The book charts Freud's intellectual development as he deals with the mind-body problem, the nature of consciousness, folk psychology versus scientific psychology, the relationship between language and thought, realism and antirealism in psychology, and the nature of unconscious mental events. The book also critically examines writings on Freud by Wittgenstein, Davidson, and Searle, demonstrating their weakness as interpretations and criticisms of Freud's position. Readership: Philosophers, cognitive scientists, psychologists, psychoanalysts, psychotherapists and psychiatrists
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1611-6
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Success in Referential Communication (1999)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401731812
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVI, 176 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 80
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Humanities ; Artificial intelligence ; Social sciences ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: One of the most basic themes in the philosophy of language is referential uptake, viz., the question of what counts as properly `understanding' a referring act in communication. In this inquiry, the particular line pursued goes back to Strawson's work on re-identification, but the immediate influence is that of Gareth Evans. It is argued that traditional and recent proposals fail to account for success in referential communication. A novel account is developed, resembling Evans' account in combining an external success condition with a Fregean one. But, in contrast to Evans, greater emphasis is placed on the action-enabling side of communication. Further topics discussed include the role of mental states in accounting for communication, the impact of re-identification on the understanding of referring acts, and Donnellan's referential/attributive distinction. Readership: Philosophers, cognitive scientists and semanticists
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-3181-2
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fact, Faith and Fiction in the Development of Science : The Gifford Lectures Given in the University of St Andrews 1976 (1999)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401592956
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 462 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 205
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 205
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Chemistry ; Geology ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Astronomy—Observations.
    Abstract: In this posthumous book, the late Professor R. Hooykaas (1906-1994) conveys a lifetime of historical thought about modes of scientific advance over the centuries. In what variety of ways has the human mind, with all its subjectivity and its capacity for self-deception, but also its piercing gifts of discovery, managed to come to terms with `the whimsical tricks of nature'? Central to this erudite, penetrating, and widely ranging study is Hooykaas's distinction between facts (given by nature yet entirely subject to our mode of interpreting them), faith (broad conceptions like the idea of order, of simplicity, or of harmony), and fictions in the sense of those daring intellectual tools, such as theories and hypotheses and models, which reflect the scientist's creative imagination. Case studies drawn from the history of all branches of science (including chemistry and the earth sciences) and from Antiquity to the present day, serve to widen and to deepen the understanding of every reader (whether a historian of science or not) with a desire to learn more about the realities of the scientific pursuit
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-9295-6
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Young Leibniz and his Philosophy (1646-76) (1999)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401735070
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 314 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées 166
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 166
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: Despite the importance of Leibniz's mature philosophy, his early work has been relatively neglected. This collection begins with an overview of his formative years and includes 12 original papers by internationally-known scholars. The contributions reflect the wide range of the young Leibniz's philosophical interests and his interests in related subjects, including law, physics and theology. Some chapters explore his relationship to other philosophers, including his teachers in Leipzig and Jena and his Paris friend Tschirnhaus, as well as Hobbes and Spinoza. Others focus on particular periods or texts and deal with themes ranging from ethics and free-will to his philosophically-significant account of transubstantiation and his early monadology. Some of the topics are familiar to Leibniz students - harmony, sufficient reason and possible worlds, for instance - but others are less familiar - for instance, his attitude to historical truth, millenarianism and the relation of mathematics to the natural world. The book provides an introduction to Leibniz's early philosophy and throws light on the development of some of the doctrines with which he is particularly associated
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-3507-0
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  • 12
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    Shapes of Forms : From Gestalt Psychology and Phenomenology to Ontology and Mathematics (1999)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401729901
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 378 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 275
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Phenomenology ; Psycholinguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and science.
    Abstract: The development of research connected with artificial intelligence and the cognitive sciences obliges us to confront further components of the traditional problem of form. In particular, the debate about bottom up and top down processes seems to suggest that the difference in cognitive processes is more a difference of degree than of kind internally to a form, i.e. a structure, consisting of different layers. Even if there is no single or fundamental theory of forms, in this volume the concept of form is analyzed in different fields (ranging from ontology to language, mathematics, and psychology , and in its different aspects according to a more modern theory of knowledge
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2990-1
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  • 13
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    Online Resource
    The Natural Background of Meaning (1999)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401590846
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 252 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 197
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 197
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: In The Natural Background to Meaning Denkel argues that meaning in language is an outcome of the evolutionary development of forms of animal communication, and explains this process by naturalising the Locke-Grice approach. The roots of meaning are contained in observable regularities, which are manifestations of objective connections such as essences and causal relations. Denkel's particularistic ontology of properties and causation leads to a view of time that harmonises B-theory with transience. Time's passage, he argues, is a necessary condition of communication and meaning. The book connects some central topics in the philosophies of language, science and ontology, treating them within the framework of a single theory. It will interest not only professional philosophers doing research on meaning, universals, causation and time, but also students, who can consult it as a textbook examining Grice's theory of meaning
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-9084-6
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  • 14
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    Christianopolis (1999)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401592673
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 332 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées 162
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 162
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Economics Methodology ; Romance languages ; History ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Economics—History.
    Abstract: The Christianopolis (1619) of Johann Valentin Andreae describes in great detail a utopian community of scholar-craftsmen, as seen through the eyes of a naïve young traveller. It is a multi-level text, carefully constructed to provide both entertainment and a critique of contemporary society and religion, which could also be read as the prospectus for the establishment of a new community. This new translation aims to clarify Andreae's elliptical Latin for the first time by identifying parallel passages, allusions and sources for his ideas, and by linking Christianopolis with Andreae's other work as satirist, dramatist, poet and mathematician. A new model of his revision of ideas drawn from Campanella is put forward, and the politico-economic principles embodied in the text are explored. The translation should be of interest to students of the history of utopian ideas, and the history of economic thought
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-9267-3
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  • 15
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    Can that be Right? : Essays on Experiment, Evidence, and Science (1999)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401153348
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 318 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 199
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 199
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: In this collection of essays Allan Franklin defends the view that science provides us with knowledge about the world which is based on experimental evidence and on reasoned and critical discussion. In short, he argues that science is a reasonable enterprise. He begins with detailed studies of four episodes from the history of modern physics: (1) the early attempts to detect gravity waves, (2) how the physics community decided that a proposed new elementary particle, 17-keV neutrino, did not exist, (3) a sequence of experiments on K meson decay, and (4) the origins of the Fifth Force hypothesis, a proposed modification of Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation. The case studies are then used to examine issues such as how discord between experimental results is resolved, calibration of an experimental apparatus and its legitimate use in validating an experimental result, and how experimental results provide reasonable grounds for belief in both the truth of physical theories and in the existence of the entities involved in those theories. This book is a challenge to the critics of science, both postmodern and constructivist, to provide convincing alternative explanations of the episodes and issues discussed. It should be of interest to philosophers, historians, and sociologists of science, and to scientists themselves
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-5334-8
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  • 16
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    Newton and Religion : Context, Nature, and Influence (1999)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401724265
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 333 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées 161
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 161
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Religion.
    Abstract: Over the past twenty-five years - since the very large collection of Newton's papers became available and began to be seriously examined - the beginnings of a new picture of Newton has emerged. This volume of essays builds upon the foundation of its authors in their previous works and extends and elaborates the emerging picture of the `new' Newton, the great synthesizer of science and religion as revealed in his intellectual context
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2426-5
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  • 17
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    Cognition, Agency and Rationality : Proceedings of the Fifth International Colloquium on Cognitive Science (1999)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401710701
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 202 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 79
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: As usual, the Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Cognitive Science include leading-edge work by outstanding researchers in the field. This volume contains three kinds of papers corresponding to three of the main disciplines in cognitive science: philosophy, psychology, and artificial intelligence. The title - Cognition, Agency and Rationality - captures the main issues addressed by the papers. Of course, all are concerned with cognition, but some are especially centred on the very concept of rationality, while others focus on (multiple) agency. The diversity of their disciplinary origins and standpoints not only reflects the main topics and the range of different positions presented at ICCS-97, as well as demonstrating the richness, fruitfulness and diversity of research in cognitive science today
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1070-1
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  • 18
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    Leibniz, Mysticism and Religion (1998)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401590525
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 202 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 158
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 158
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Religion (General) ; History ; Religion. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This important, well-researched collection of essays will change many readers' perceptions of Leibniz and of the seventeenth century. Dealing with such subjects as Leibniz's occult sources, his interest in mysticism, Kabbalah, and Chinese philosophy, and his attitude towards enthusiasm, the authors provide new insights into Leibniz's thought and the cultural context in which he lived. The individual essays bring forward much in the way of new primary material, while at the same time conserving the valuable aspects of older commentators on Leibniz (Baruzi, Meyer, Loemker). The fact that the authors frequently disagree makes this an exciting collection that is bound to provoke discussion and debate. While this book will especially appeal to Leibniz scholars, it has much to recommend it to readers interested in the philosophy, theology, and science of early modern Europe
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-9052-5
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  • 19
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    Judaism in the Theology of Sir Isaac Newton (1998)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401720144
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 244 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Coudert, Allison P. [Rezension von: Goldish, Matt, Judaism in the Theology of Sir Isaac Newton] 2001
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’histoire des Idées 157
    DDC: 900
    Keywords: Humanities ; Metaphysics ; History ; Religion (General)
    Abstract: This book deals with Sir Isaac Newton's Judaic studies and their impact on his theology. After examining what Jewish sources Newton read, the author explains how ideas Newton learned from Jewish history and literature found their way into his understanding of ancient religion, scriptural prophecy, the Temple of Jerusalem, the ancient church, and the corruption of Christianity. This investigation sheds new light on many aspects of newton's thought
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2014-4
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  • 20
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    Evolutionary Systems : Biological and Epistemological Perspectives on Selection and Self-Organization (1998)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401715102
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 438 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Humanities ; Evolution (Biology) ; Biology—Philosophy. ; System theory. ; Mathematical physics.
    Abstract: To understand how complex dynamic systems, living or non-living, linguistic or non-linguistic, come to be organized as systems, to understand how their inherent dynamic nature gives rise to organisations and forms that have found a balance between potentiality for change and evolution on the one hand, and requisite stability in a given environment on the other, is the main ambition of the study of evolutionary systems. The aim of the present volume is to elucidate the scientific and philosophical backgrounds that play a role in one of the major debates taking place in that field, namely that on the relation between selection and self-organization. The book represents a genuine interdisciplinary forum in which the major representatives of evolutionary systems take part. Audience: This volume will be interest to biologists, philosophers of science, systems scientists, mathematicians, physicists, sociologists of science. It is highly recommended to those interested in an interdisciplinary and complex approach to evolution, as well as to those interested in developing a genuinely historical viewpoint in the sciences
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1510-2
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  • 21
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    Mind Out of Matter : Topics in the Physical Foundations of Consciousness and Cognition (1998)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401151047
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 291 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 20
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Information theory ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer science. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Mind Out of Matter aims to transform the way we think about consciousness and the physical world. Unlike many contemporary volumes, it develops a robust and philosophically satisfying account of the mind/body relationship without doing violence to fundamental physics. It expunges popular but ludicrous assumptions about the `in principle' capabilities of cognizers and, with the help of tools from mathematics and scientific fields, supplants flawed notions of representation, function, and mental state with objective and physically grounded alternatives. It debunks quantum theories of consciousness, constructs a simple zombie recipe, and evaluates recent research on chaotic analogue networks. This book is indispensable for readers in philosophy of mind, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence, and for mathematicians applying complexity theory or information theory to biological cognition. Audience: General academic/university libraries, plus university departmental libraries in philosophy, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, and computer science. Researchers and specialists in philosophy of mind, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, artificial life, complexity theory, and information theory. Researchers in the telecommunications industry
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-5104-7
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  • 22
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    The Emotions in Hellenistic Philosophy (1998)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401590822
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 380 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 46
    Series Statement: The new synthese historical library
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Humanities ; Ethics ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; History, Ancient. ; Philosophy, Ancient.
    Abstract: Discussions about the nature of the emotions in Hellenistic philosophy have aroused intense scholarly interest over the last few years. The topics covered by the essays in this volume range from the classical background of Hellenistic theories, through debates on emotion in the major Hellenistic schools, to discussions in later antiquity. Special emphasis is placed on the development of the Stoic views on the nature and value of the emotions. The essays are written with a high level of philosophical and classical scholarship, but contain no exclusive technicalities. Audience: This first comprehensive treatment of the emotions in Hellenistic philosophy can be read with pleasure and profit not only by professionals in ancient philosophy but also all those who are interested in the philosophy of mind and its history
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-9082-2
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  • 23
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    Women and Revolution: Global Expressions (1998)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401590723
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXV, 434 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Comparative Literature ; History
    Abstract: Taking its starting point from women's contributions to the French revolution, this important anthology goes far beyond any particular historical, European or American context and expands its scope in space and time to an all-inclusive global theme, namely the contributions of radical women towards an ever-changing world and its revolutionary transformations everywhere. The superbly edited essays by diverse contributors from various continents and disciplines explore a wide platform of women's revolutionary involvements and elucidate the broad range of contributions by women scholars, scientists and activists to movements of social transformation, as well as to a reexamination of established methods of cultural analysis from enlightened liberalism to Marxism. The contributions of women scholars and activists from Africa, Asia and Latin America are particularly significant in that they transcend and expand European/North American feminism as relevant primarily to its own socio-cultural context and focus on women acting in terms of their own non-Western traditions and cultures, that is, on non-Western models based on indigenous strategies of social transformation. This rich anthology shuns any postulation of a single global model for revolution. Yet, despite the emergence of a `problematic relationship between Western or Western educated theorists and the causes of the oppressed', women's diverse social, cultural and historical experiences and strategies are united in this edition, as in their common causes, as emphasized by the following statement in the introduction: `the female body has become .. a privileged site for social analysis in the context of international capitalism as well as in the critique of traditional socialism.' Sabine Jell-Bahlsen, Ogbuide Films Women and Revolution covers an enormous socio-historical space, four continents - Europe, Africa, Asia and Latin America &endash; and quite a few countries within them. This huge field of human experience is looked at from the focal point which runs explicitly and implicitly through all nineteen chapters: the active if not revolutionary role women have played individually and collectively in various determining social situations, a role regularly suppressed by the coercive power of institutionalized domination. The impetus for this endeavor was the commemoration of the bicentennial of the French Revolution, an occasion to take an in-depth look at its less obvious agendas, through a focus on the a ...
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-9072-3
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  • 24
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    Heinrich Hertz: Classical Physicist, Modern Philosopher (1998)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401588553
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 324 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 198
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 198
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This first major collection of essays devoted to Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894) brings together an international group of physicists, philosophers, and historians of science. It includes investigations of Hertz's background, his theoretical and experimental contributions, his philosophy of science, and his influence on science and philosophy in the twentieth century. Its central focus is Hertz's Principles of Mechanics of 1894 which develops the methodological intuitions that also informed his earlier discovery of electromagnetic wave radiation (so-called radio waves). Though his proposed reform of mechanics was not adopted, the book proved influential on physicists like Einstein, Schrödinger, Bohr, and Heisenberg, and on philosophers like Cassirer, Schlick, and Wittgenstein. It can be regarded as an ancestor of Thomas Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions, it anticipated current discussions on the role of models in science, and it represents an important chapter in the history of conventionalism. Audience: Philosophers of science, historians of science, Wittgenstein scholars, historians and philosophers of technology, physicists, electrical engineers, and mathematicians
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8855-3
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  • 25
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    Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Science Education : An International Dialogue (1998)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401152242
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 221 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Science & Technology Education Library 4
    Series Statement: Contemporary Trends and Issues in Science Education 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Science Study and teaching ; Humanities ; History ; Philosophy. ; Science—Study and teaching. ; Educational sociology.
    Abstract: Global science education is a reality at the end of the 20th century - albeit an uneven reality - because of tremendous technological and economic pressures. Unfortunately, this reality is rarely examined in the light of what interests the everyday lives of ordinary people rather than the lives of political and economic elites. The purpose of this book is to offer insightful and thought-provoking commentary on both realities. The tacit question throughout the book is `Whose interests are being served by current science education practices and policies?' The various chapters offer critical analysis from the perspectives of culture, economics, epistemology, equity, gender, language, and religion in an effort to promote a reflective science education that takes place within, rather than taking over, the important cultural lives of people. The target audience for the book includes graduate students in education, science education and education policy professors, policy and government officials involved with education
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-5224-2
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  • 26
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    Discourse, Interaction and Communication : Proceedings of the Fourth International Colloquium on Cognitive Science (ICCS-95) (1998)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401589949
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 191 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 72
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Linguistics. ; Philosophy. ; Cognitive psychology.
    Abstract: The papers in this volume represent leading-edge work by well-known scholars on the topics mentioned in the title: discourse, interaction, and communication. They report work done from widely divergent points on the theoretical spectrum of cognitive science, and from different disciplinary starting points (philosophy, logic, linguistics, artificial intelligence). Not only do these works faithfully represent the main topics and the wide range of differing positions presented at the Fourth International Colloquium on Cognitive Science (ICCS-95), but despite their differences (or perhaps because of these differences) they also display many clear directions for future research in these three central areas of cognitive science. This book is essential reading for all researchers in cognitive science
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8994-9
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  • 27
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    Naming the Rainbow : Colour Language, Colour Science, and Culture (1998)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401723824
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 222 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 274
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Anthropological linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Is there a universal biolinguistic disposition for the development of `basic' colour words? This question has been a subject of debate since Brent Berlin and Paul Kay's Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution was published in 1969. Naming the Rainbow is the first extended study of this debate. The author describes and criticizes empirically and conceptually unified models of colour naming that relate basic colour terms directly to perceptual and ultimately to physiological facts, arguing that this strategy has overlooked the cognitive dimension of colour naming. He proposes a psychosemantics for basic colour terms which is sensitive to cultural difference and to the nature and structure of non-linguistic experience. Audience: Contemporary colour naming research is radically interdisciplinary and Naming the Rainbow will be of interest to philosophers, psychologists, anthropologists, and cognitive scientists concerned with: biological constraints on cognition and categorization; problems inherent in cross-cultural and in interdisciplinary science; the nature and extent of cultural relativism
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2382-4
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  • 28
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    Designing Communities (1998)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401155625
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Science & Technology Education Library 3
    Series Statement: Contemporary Trends and Issues in Science Education 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Semantics ; Science Study and teaching ; Humanities ; Artificial intelligence ; Sociolinguistics ; Semiotics. ; Science—Study and teaching.
    Abstract: The book employs a rich set of theoretical frames to yield a panorama of research findings having potential interest for educational researchers, policy makers, teacher educators and K-12 teachers. Roth's ideal science classrooms feature creative and inquisitive students working together to solve problems that interest them. More learning occurs at centers of high pupil density and students who participate most in on-task activities are not necessarily those who contribute or learn most. Roth identifies weaknesses of assessment based on products only and highlights the advantages of using videotapes as sources for assessment. Roth shows that student learning is not only a result of individual sense-making efforts but involves interactions between living and artifactual components of a community of participants. `This book promises to be a turning point for science educators involved in social constructivist reform; they will be challenged to reconsider the gloss that they have painted over the social dimension of knowledge construction.' Peter C. Taylor, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-5562-5
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  • 29
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    The Skeptical Tradition Around 1800 : Skepticism in Philosophy, Science, and Society (1998)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401734653
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 468 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées 155
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 155
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Philosophy. ; Culture—Study and teaching. ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This ground-breaking collection of essays puts an end to the common notion that Kant solved the problem of skepticism. Commemorating C.F. Stäudlin, the first historian of skepticism (1794), scholars of various disciplines in unique collaboration disclose the continuing importance of the sceptical tradition in Germany, France, and Britain. Their wide-ranging studies cover Hume, Kant, and the philosophical situation in Germany both before and after Kant, particularly the all-but-forgotten Stäudlin himself. But they also investigate the role of skepticism in the political thought of Burke and Tocqueville, in de the development of mathematical thought (Montucla) and in science (Alexander von Humboldt, Laplace, and others), and in the context of such social issues as smallpox inoculation, suicide, and capital punishment. The collection fills a major gap in the history of skepticism, emphasizing the significance of skepticism for modern life and philosophy. It is of special interest to philosophers, historians, and political scientists
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-3465-3
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  • 30
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    History of Concepts : Comparative Perspectives (1998)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Amsterdam University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9789048503551 , 9789053563069
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy ; Ethnic studies
    Abstract: Although vastly influential in German-speaking Europe, conceptual history (Begriffsgeschichte) has until now received little attention in English. This genre of intellectual history differs from both the French history of mentalités and the Anglophone history of discourses by positing the concept - the key occupier of significant syntactical space - as the object of historical investigation. Contributions by distinguished practitioners and critics of conceptual history from Europe and America illustrate both the distinctiveness and diversity of the genre. The first part of the book is devoted to the origins and identity of the field, as well as methodological issues. Part two presents exemplary studies focusing either on a particular concept (such as Maurizio Viroli's 'Reason of the State') or a particular approach to conceptual history (e.g. Bernard Scholz for literary criticism and Terence Ball for political science). The final, most innovative section of the book looks at concepts and art - high, bourgeois and demotic. Here Bram Kempers discusses the conceptual history of Raphael's frescos in the Stanza della Segnatura of the Vatican; Eddy de Jongh examines the linguistic character of much Dutch genre painting; and Rolf Reichardt considers the conceptual structure implicit in card games of the French Revolution, used to induct those on the margins of literacy into the new revolutionary world-view. This title is available in the OAPEN Library - http://www.oapen.org
    Note: English
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 31
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    Experiencing Nature : Proceedings of a Conference in Honor of Allen G. Debus (1997)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401158107
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 312 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 58
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 58
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Medicine ; Social sciences Methodology ; Chemistry ; History ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Medicine—History. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume, honoring the renowned historian of science, Allen G Debus, explores ideas of science - `experiences of nature' - from within a historiographical tradition that Debus has done much to define. As his work shows, the sciences do not develop exclusively as a result of a progressive and inexorable logic of discovery. A wide variety of extra-scientific factors, deriving from changing intellectual contexts and differing social millieus, play crucial roles in the overall development of scientific thought. These essays represent case studies in a broad range of scientific settings - from sixteenth-century astronomy and medicine, through nineteenth-century biology and mathematics, to the social sciences in the twentieth-century - that show the impact of both social settings and the cross-fertilization of ideas on the formation of science. Aimed at a general audience interested in the history of science, this book closes with Debus's personal perspective on the development of the field. Audience: This book will appeal especially to historians of science, of chemistry, and of medicine
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-5810-7
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  • 32
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    Galileo and the ‘Invention’ of Opera : A Study in the Phenomenology of Consciousness (1997)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401589314
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 282 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology 29
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 29
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Humanities ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Music ; Performing arts ; Arts. ; Philosophy, Ancient. ; Theater.
    Abstract: Intended for scholars in the fields of philosophy, history of science and music, this book examines the legacy of the historical coincidence of the emergence of science and opera in the early modern period. But instead of regarding them as finished products or examining their genesis, or `common ground', or `parallel' ideas, opera and science are explored by a phenomenology of the formulations of consciousness (Gurwitsch) as compossible tasks to be accomplished in common (Schutz) which share an ideal possibility or `essence' (Husserl). Although the ideas of Galileo and Monteverdi form the parameters of the domain of phenomenological clarification, the scope of discussion extends from Classical ideas of science and music down to the beginning of the nineteenth century, but always with reference to the experience of sharing the sociality of a common world from which they are drawn (Plessner) and to which those ideas have given shape, meaning and even substance. At the same time, this approach provides a non-historicist alternative to understanding the arts and science of the modern period by critically clarifying the idea of whether their compossibility can rest on any other formulation of consciousness
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8931-4
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  • 33
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    Science and Technology in a Developing World (1997)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401729482
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 411 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences 19
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Education.
    Abstract: This book explores two complementary aspects of post-colonial science/technology practice. The cognitive and technical trajectories experienced by many third world nations since decolonization are assessed in terms of a changing dynamic between north and south where the south is increasingly a decisive actor. The thrust and substance of this dynamic has changed continually over the last half century, and with the passage of time the south has become increasingly dominant, albeit in often highly subtle ways. On a second level, it is argued that south/north interactions can only be fully understood in the light of an epistemological perspective. The science-related representations, policies, and practices of the north regarding the south become transparent when seen in terms of northern epistemological traditions and progress. Concurrently, the authors of this book submit that, by grasping the epistemologies held or fostered in the south toward science and technology (as well as toward alternative forms of practice and learning), the actions of southern actors and their dealings with the north acquire important incremental intelligibility
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2948-2
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    Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit: A Reappraisal (1997)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401589178
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 178 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées 149
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 149
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Phenomenology ; History ; Political science. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book consists of a significant and valuable reappraisal of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit by a number of outstanding, international Hegel scholars. Key questions and issues are discussed. No other book on the Phenomenology brings together penetrating articles by renowned Hegel scholars, and no previous book has included responses to articles by equally celebrated scholars. The result is that this book is unique in providing a wealth of insights into the Phenomenology of Spirit from a variety of perspectives. Among the crucial issues of interpretation which are tackled in this book are Hegel's concept of truth (the focus of Professor H.S. Harris's incisive opening article), the relationship between the Phenomenology and Hegel's system (discussed by Professor Rüdiger Bubner), the master-slave dialectic, the unhappy consciousness and conscience. Experienced Hegel scholars and students new to Hegel will benefit from the format of the book in which distinguished scholars comment upon the key and contentious aspects of the main articles. Crucial issues of interpretation are highlighted clearly
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8917-8
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  • 35
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    Contemporary Action Theory Volume 1: Individual Action (1997)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401704397
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 317 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 266
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Humanities ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy of mind ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Contemporary Action Theory, Volume I (Individual Action) is concerned with topics in philosophical action theory such as reasons and causes of action, intentions, freedom of will and of action, omissions and norms in legal and ethical contexts, as well as activity, passivity and competence from medical points of view. Cognitive trying, freedom of the will and agent causation are challenges in the discussion on computers in action. The Volume consists of contributions by leading experts in the field written specifically for this volume. No comparable volume currently exists
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0439-7
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  • 36
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    Structures and Norms in Science : Volume Two of the Tenth International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, Florence, August 1995 (1997)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401705387
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 494 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 260
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Ethics ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book gives a state-of-the-art survey of current research in logic and philosophy of science, as viewed by invited speakers selected by the most prestigious international organization in the field. In particular, it gives a coherent picture of foundational research into the various sciences, both natural and social. In addition, it has special interest items such as symposia on interfaces between logic and methodology, semantics and semiotics, as well as updates on the current state of the field in Eastern Europe and the Far East
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0538-7
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  • 37
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    Metaphors: Figures of the Mind (1997)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401722544
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 187 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Rhetorics 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The basic theme of Metaphors: Figures of the Mind is contained in the formula that metaphoric language reflects the functioning of our thought processes. Thus, the author of this book uses language analysis as a medium through which we can perceive and analyze the way our mind functions. Results of the investigation point to the conclusion that the mind does not operate according to the representations of a logical-positivistically oriented theorist; the forms of language usage and mental mechanisms involved manifest ubiquitous nonliteralness. However, an overall metaphorical detour from the literal one-to-one correspondence is not for the sake of figurative fancy but is primarily for the purpose of achieving new significations. In such a context, that which is habitually considered to be ambiguous, vague and indeterminate, becomes a productive source of semantic creation which can often specify meaning in a more adequate way than literalness does. Metaphor emerges as a cognitive tool. It appears as an efficacious means of description and explanation, of heuristics and learning, and, as a final instance, an instrument of `worldmaking'. Bearing in mind the profound significance of the `metaphorical turn', one can extend a conventional string of definitions with an additional characterization of a human being as a `metaphorical animal'
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2254-4
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  • 38
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    Person in the World : Introduction to the Philosophy of Edith Stein (1997)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401725668
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 204 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 27
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Education Philosophy ; Humanities ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy. ; Education—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The guideline that runs through all [Stein's] work is the inquiry into the question of the nature of the human person. Beginning with her dissertation on empathy and following through to the works of her maturity, the reader becomes aware of the thrust toward revealing the person as person, in its universality, transcending time and place and cultural milieu. Stein holds that phenomenology supplies the most effective means towards arriving at knowledge of what it means to be a person, and that phenomenological analysis can reveal the essential constitution of human-being-in-the-world.. My purpose in this book is to remove the wrapping and lid from the gift that Edith Stein has given us and to say: `Look! See what is inside.' In a first attempt in English to do this in a comprehensive way.. I have indicated the need for ongoing study and critique
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2566-8
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  • 39
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    The Significance of Beauty : Kant on Feeling and the System of the Mind (1997)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401589673
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 243 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 44
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: In the Critique of Judgment, Kant argues that feeling is part of the system of the mind. Judgments of taste based on feeling are a unique kind of judgment, and the feeling that is their foundation forms an independent third power of the mind. Feeling has a special role within this system in that it also provides a transition between the other two powers of the mind, cognition and desire. Matthews argues that feeling, our experience of beauty, provides a transition because it orients humans in a sensible world. Judgments of taste help overcome the difficulties that arise when rational cognitive and moral ends must be pursued in a sensible world. Matthews demonstrates how feeling, disassociated from rational activities in Kant's earlier works, is now central in reaching rational ends and understanding humans as unified rational beings. Audience: This book would be of interest to research libraries and university libraries, philosophers, historians and aestheticians
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8967-3
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  • 40
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    Mental Symbols : A Defence of the Classical Theory of Mind (1997)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401156325
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 267 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Psycholinguistics ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Mental Symbols is an essay on mind and meaning, on the biological implementation of mental symbols, on the architecture of mind, and on the correct construal of logical properties and relations of symbols, including implication and inference. The book argues against the main contemporary trends in the cognitive sciences, preferring rather the classical early-modern tradition. The author looks at some logical paradoxes in the light of that tradition, and offers a novel answer to the problem of the biological implementation of the mind in the brain
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-5632-5
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  • 41
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    Melancholy Duty : The Hume-Gibbon Attack on Christianity (1997)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401722353
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 362 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Pailin, David A., 1936 - REVIEWS 1999
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’histoire des Idées 154
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 154
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book studies the complementary features of the thought of David Hume and Edward Gibbon in the complete range of its confrontation with eighteenth-century Christianity. The ten chapters explore the iconoclasm of these two philosophical historians - Hume as the premier philosopher, Gibbon as the consummate historian - as they labored to `naturalize' the study of Christianity, particularly with attention to its social and political dimensions. No other work deals as comprehensively or thoroughly with the attempt of philosophical history's challenge to Christianity. Belief in miracles and the afterlife, the dimensions of fanaticism and superstition, and the nature of religious persecution were the themes that occupied Hume and Gibbon in the making of their critique of Christianity. This book makes a valuable contribution to scholarship in a number of fields including the history of ideas, religious studies, and philosophy. It will be of interest to philosophers of religion, historians of ideas, eighteenth-century intellectual historians, scholars of the Scottish Enlightenment, and Hume and Gibbon scholars
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2235-3
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  • 42
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    Scarcity’s Ways: The Origins of Capital : A Critical Essay on Thermodynamics, Statistical Mechanics and Economics (1997)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401588614
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 230 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 176
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 176
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Chemistry, Physical organic ; Biology Philosophy ; Economics ; History ; Econometrics. ; Physical chemistry. ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This is an exploratory critical essay on the Origins of Capital and the Foundations of Thermodynamics. In economics the existence of capital is taken for granted yet it is difficult to establish for it a robust definition. Capital theory addresses the coupling of the present with the future; as such it does not deal with its own history, evolution or its origins. The concern is the (discounted) future rather than the historical or even prehistorical past; at best, Hesiod's economy in his Works and Days marks the beginning of economic history. Yet, in its generic form, capital is but a physical or biological engine that processes materials and transforms energy in an environment of thermal non-equilibrium. The objective is to show the importance of capital in the comprehension of thermodynamics. I argue that the idea of scarcity as the fountain of history and its concomitant concept of value must be incorporated in the substance of thermodynamics and the meaning of measurement; this necessitates some excursions into the territory of economics with a review of capital theory, of evoluationary biology and the origins of life, and of the received ideas on thermodynamics. To discuss measurement - a long-standing quandary and the quintessential quantum problem - for lack of a better approach a formal hybrid pragmatist's outlook is retained in the form of virtual Cartesian dualism. Audience: This work will be of interest to historians and philosophers of science and economics, and engineering thermodynamicists
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8861-4
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  • 43
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    The Letters of Dominique Chaix, Botanist-Curé (1997)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401154901
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 304 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idées International Archives of the History of Ideas 151
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 151
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Forests and forestry ; History ; Science—History. ; Plants—Evolution. ; Forestry.
    Abstract: This is the first publication of the 170 letters written by the Abbé Dominique Chaix to Dr. Dominique Villars between 1772 and 1799, when they were collaborating on the publication of the first flora for the old province of Dauphiné. The letters reveal the uncertainties of plant classification in the late 18th century, but, more generally, the penetration of the Enlightenment into a remote, alpine region of France. Both botanists were of recent peasant origin, invading, albeit deferentially, an intellectual field, traditionally the monopoly of their social betters. The letters also document the enthusiasms, anxieties, and perils of rural clerical life during the French Revolution, and give occasional evidence about the deforestation of the mountains
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-5490-1
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  • 44
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    Alexius Meinong’s Elements of Ethics : with Translation of the Fragment Ethische Bausteine (1996)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400901414
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 192 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Ethics ; Ontology
    Abstract: Elements of Ethics examines Meinong's value theory from an epistemological standpoint and gives a critical exposition of Meinong's first attempts at a deontic logic; special consideration is given to the Law of Omission. For that purpose his theory of the a priori is examined, which is entwined with his theory of objects. The book begins with an epistemological and ontological consideration and simplification of Meinong's universe. In consequence of the mathematical development of his time, especially non-Euclidean geometries, Meinong developed the notion of precision objects and precision concepts. They are discussed along with the so-called `incomplete objects' and problems associated with them. These discussions are relevant for understanding various technical terms, particularly concepts of values and valuations. These discussions also assist in assessing the possibility of knowing these concepts a priori, and in understanding the logical relationships between them and actual valuations. We find in Meinong's ethical writings a mixture of experiential and a priori knowledge. A translation is included of the fragment Ethische Bausteine (Elements of Ethics), together with Meinong's own notes and those of the editors of the text. Vocabulary and Index are attached
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0141-4
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  • 45
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    Scientific Credibility and Technical Standards in 19th and early 20th century Germany and Britain (1996)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400917842
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archimedes, New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Economics ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Business. ; Management science. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The articles in this first volume of ARCHIMEDES explicitly and intentionally cross boundaries between science and technology, and they also illuminate one another. The first three contributions concern optics and industry in 19th century Germany; the fourth concerns electric standards in Germany during the same period; the last essay in the volume examines a curious development in the early history of wireless signalling that took place in England, and that has much to say about the establishment and enforcement of standard methods in a rapidly-developing technology that emerged out of a scientific effect. Historical work over the last few decades has shown that technology cannot be characterized simply, or even usually, as applied science. The beliefs, the devices, and the natural objects that are created or discovered by scientists, often play altogether minor roles in the construction of technologies. Taking this realization as a given, the essays in Scientific Credibility and Technical Standards effectively argue that we must now seek to go beyond it; we must also begin to think carefully about the role that science actually did play when it was explicitly deployed by technologists
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-1784-2
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  • 46
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    Feminism, Science, and the Philosophy of Science (1996)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400917422
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 256
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Anthropology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Feminism, Science, and the Philosophy of Science brings together original essays by both feminist and mainstream philosophers of science that examine issues at the intersections of feminism, science, and the philosophy of science. Contributors explore parallels and tensions between feminist approaches to science and other approaches in the philosophy of science and more general science studies. In so doing, they explore notions at the heart of the philosophy of science, including the nature of objectivity, truth, evidence, cognitive agency, scientific method, and the relationship between science and values
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-1742-2
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  • 47
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    Art Line Thought (1996)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400915947
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 498 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions To Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Aesthetics ; Phenomenology ; Arts ; History, Ancient.
    Abstract: Art Line Thought discusses the main issues that beset our time and philosophy by locating these same issues in artworks and describing closely what is shown there. While respecting their differences, art and philosophy are thus made to cross back and forth into one another, delineating in fresh ways our concerns about nature, the human and non-human, the body, femininity, ecology, technology, textism, the end of history, community, postmodernism, relativism and non-Eurocentric ethics. A `philosophy of line' gathers these issues, opposing the current dominance of `word' and linguistic analyses. Art has long been aware that the line communicates meaning at least as well as the word. The volume is divided between contemporary and prehistoric art in order to reveal the presumptions of `Western' culture and how we might move beyond it. Since the book is a critique of Eurocentric thinking and prose, it works at finding new styles of both. Its philosophical meditation is directed equally to those who are intellectually interested in contemporary and prehistoric art, in theories of postmodern culture and criticism, and in anthropology
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-1594-7
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  • 48
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    Chinese Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology (1996)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401587174
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 483 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 179
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 179
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The articles in this collection were all selected from the first five volumes of the Journal of Dialectics of Nature published by the Chinese Academy of Sciences between 1979 and 1985. The Journal was established in 1979 as a comprehensive theoretical publication concerning the history, philosophy and sociology of the natural sciences. It began publication as a response to China's reform, particularly the policy of opening to the outside world. Chinese scholars began to undertake distinctive, original research in these fields. This collection provides a cross-section of their efforts during the initial phase. To enable western scholars to understand the historical process of this change in Chinese academics, Yu Guangyuan's `On the Emancipation of the Mind' and Xu Liangying's `Essay on the Role of Science and Democracy in Society' have been included in this collection. Three of the papers included on the philosophy of science are discussions of philosophical issues in cosmology and biology by scientists themselves. The remaining four are written by philosophers of science and discuss information and cognition, homeostasis and Chinese traditional medicine, the I Ching (Yi Jing) and mathematics, etc. Papers have been selected on the history of both classical and modern science and technology, the most distinctive of which are macro-comparisons of the development of science in China and the west. Some papers discuss the issue of the demarcation of periods in the history of science, the history of ancient Chinese mathematics, astronomy, metallurgy, machinery, medicine, etc. Others discuss the history of modern physics and biology, the history of historiography of science in China and the history of regional development of Chinese science and technology. Also included are biographies of three post-eighteenth-century Chinese scholars, Li Shanlan (1811-1882), Hua Hengfang (1833&endash;1902), and Cai Yuanpei (1868&endash;1940), who contributed greatly to the introduction of western science and scholarship to China. In addition, three short papers have been included introducing the interactions between Chinese scholars and three great western scientists, Niels Bohr, Norbert Wiener, and Robert A. Millikan
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8717-4
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  • 49
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    Mexican Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science (1996)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400901094
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 172
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 172
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Logic ; History ; Mathematics. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The editors have selected a number of papers that represent recent studies by Mexican philosophers and historians of science. While attention is paid to several main developments of science in Mexico, the book does not deal only with national or even regional issues. Moreover, Mexican works on the philosophy of science are no new phenomenon. Although originating in the need to construct a national identity during the 19th century, and stimulated by the European Enlightenment, Mexican scholarship has now reached maturity, both in terms of an awareness of their historical situation and creative competence with respect to the live issues at the international level. This book presents topics of biology and physics, historical explanation and the historiography of science, and foundations of mathematics, with particular concern for Hilbert, Russell and Wittgenstein
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0109-4
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  • 50
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    Current Issues in Comparative Grammar (1996)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400901353
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 384 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 35
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Humanities ; Linguistics ; Artificial intelligence ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: Current Issues in Comparative Grammar illustrates the diversity and productivity of research within the principles and parameters framework of generative grammar. In combination, the papers in this volume address a rich and varied set of issues in the study of comparative grammar, including the theories of binding, case and government, the parametric effects of inflection, the syntactic properties of infinitival constructions, the analysis of expletives and of clitics, and the interpretation of anaphoric properties at the level of Logical Form. The collection employs several different research strategies, ranging from a broad survey of related constructions in a wide range of languages to the close analysis of an unusual construction in a single language and its consequences for the theory of Universal Grammar. Some of the papers collected here are commentaries on others, or responses to commentaries
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0135-3
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    Choosing the Better Part : Anna Maria van Schurman (1607-1678) (1996)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400901391
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 146
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 146
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Germanic languages ; History ; Religion.
    Abstract: Anna Maria van Schurman was in more than one aspect an unconventional woman in her own lifetime. As a gifted scholar in many foreign and ancient languages, as well as in philosophy and theology, she corresponded with other learned men and women all over Europe. She achieved international renown for her own defence of scholarly activity of women. Life and work of this Dutch femme savante of the 17th Century has thus far been studied by theologians, philosophers, literary scholars, historians, pedagogues and art historians, each concentrating on specific aspects of Van Schurman's biography or work. A rather fragmented image of this scholar was the result. This interdependent collection of essays describes the life and work of Anna Maria van Schurman from an interdisciplinary - or rather multidisciplinary - approach and will outline a more integrated yet at the same time subtly differentiated picture. Nine contributions - from the disciplines of philosophy, theology, Dutch language and literature, intellectual and art history, and women's studies - partly based on new source material, shed light on Van Schurman's ideas on erudition and femininity, ethics and philosophy, as well as on her religious beliefs, within the context of the early modern intellectual community to which she belonged. Audience: This collection of essays will therefore command the interest not only of historians, but also of scholars and students in theology, philosophy, art history, and women's studies
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0139-1
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  • 52
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    Heterodoxy, Spinozism, and Free Thought in Early-Eighteenth-Century Europe : Studies on the Traité des Trois Imposteurs (1996)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401587358
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 532 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées 148
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 148
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Romance languages ; History ; Philosophy—History. ; Religion.
    Abstract: The Traité des Trois Imposteurs, ou l'Esprit de M. Spinosa is a most notorious clandestine work that was circulating throughout Europe in the 18th Century. The work is a pastiche of passages from Hobbes, Naudé, La Mothe Le Vayer, Spinoza and others, contending that Moses, Jesus and Mohammed were imposters who set up their religions for political reasons. In 1990 a research seminar on the origins, nature, meaning and dispersion of the text was held under the direction of Richard H. Popkin, with the assistance of Silvia Berti and Françoise Charles-Daubert, sponsored by the Foundation for Research in Intellectual History. Advanced students and young professors carried out research projects. Lectures were given by the staff plus visiting scholars including Miguel Benitez and Bertram Schwarzbach. This volume contains the results of the seminar, including papers by the teachers and students. It breaks much new ground about the Traité, including new data about its possible origins and development, the dispersion of manuscripts of it, and its role in anti-religious Enlightenment thought
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8735-8
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    Abstraction and Representation : Essays on the Cultural Evolution of Thinking (1996)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401586245
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 418 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 175
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 175
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Genetic epistemology ; Mathematics ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Mathematics—Study and teaching .
    Abstract: The book deals with the development of thinking under different cultural conditions, focusing on the evolution of mathematical thinking in the history of science and education. History of science is concerned with the acquisition, accumulation and structuring of knowledge. It is therefore intimately linked to psychological and epistemological questions. This dimension of the history of science, however, has been widely neglected by historians of science. The book compensates for this neglect by combining the study of cognition, education and historical development of thinking. Starting from Piaget's genetic epistemology, it provides a conceptual framework for describing and explaining the development of cognition by reflective abstractions from systems of actions. Cognitive psychology is confronted with philosophical and pedagogical traditions, and applied to various topics in the history of thinking, in particular to the development of the number concept in children and in early history (pre-literate cultures and early civilizations)
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8624-5
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  • 54
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    Realism and Anti-Realism in the Philosophy of Science : Beijing International Conference, 1992 (1996)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401586382
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 495 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 169
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 169
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Metaphysics ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: In these papers derived from an international conference held in 1992 in Beijing, Chinese and Western philosophers treat current as well as historically situated issues of realism and anti-realism in the understanding of scientific knowledge. There are four sections: (1) philosophical arguments proper (Hilpinen, Krejci, Musgrave, Niiniluoto, Qiu Renzong, Sfendoni-Mentzou, Bahm, Wallner and Peschl); (2) realism and general methodology (James Brown, Franklin, Gavroglu, Kaiser, Chin-Tai Kim, Wartofsky, Watkins, Wright, Wu Qiongbing, Yin Zhengkun); (3) physical sciences (Fan Dainian, Folse, He Zuoxiu, Hong Dingguo, Jin Wulun, Johansson, Li Li, Luo and Hu, Mao Shiying, Schagrin, Schlagel, Zhou Jihong); (4) social and biological sciences (Mäki, Shanahan, Paul Tang and Ralph Brown III, Cohen). The conference was inspired by the late Professor Tscha Hung of Beijing, for many years Director of the Institute of Foreign Philosophy at Beijing University, and a distinguished PhD from the University of Vienna in 1934 under Moritz Schlick
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8638-2
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    Christian Theology and Medical Ethics : Four Contemporary Approaches (1996)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401586542
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 208 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Banner, Michael, 1961 - REVIEWS 1998
    Series Statement: Theology and Medicine 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Religion (General) ; Ethics ; Religion.
    Abstract: Contemporary discourse in biomedical ethics has been greatly shaped, sustained and enriched through the insights and perspectives offered by its theologian-contributors. This volume examines the work of four Christian theologians who have significantly influenced the field of bioethics in the U.S.: Richard McCormick, SJ; Paul Ramsey; Stanley Hauerwas; and James M. Gustafson. Each theorist's writings are explored in turn, in order to elucidate, compare and contrast their foundational theological premises, their particular approaches to moral reasoning, and their considered responses to selected medico-moral issues. The final chapter reflects some of the author's own critical responses in dialogue with the study's four subjects, and offers general suggestions about the moral perspective afforded by Christian theology. This volume should be of interest both to those seeking a fuller understanding of contemporary discussions in bioethics and to those studying Christian ethics in the modern era
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8654-2
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    Fassbinder's Germany : History, Identity, Subject (1996)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Amsterdam University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9789048503506 , 9789053560594
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Film Culture in Transition
    Keywords: Humanities ; Film, TV & radio ; Ethnic studies
    Abstract: Rainer Werner Fassbinder is one of the most prominent and important authors of post-war European cinema. Thomas Elsaesser is the first to write a thoroughly analytical study of his work. He stresses the importance of a closer understanding of Fassbinder's career through a re-reading of his films as textual entities. Approaching the work from different thematic and analytical perspectives, Elsaesser offers both an overview and a number of detailed readings of crucial films, while also providing a European context for Fassbinder's own coming to terms with fascism. This title is available in the OAPEN Library - http://www.oapen.org
    Note: English
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Everyday Conceptions of Emotion : An Introduction to the Psychology, Anthropology and Linguistics of Emotion (1995)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401584845
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 584 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: NATO ASI Series, Series D: Behavioural and Social Sciences 81
    Series Statement: Nato Science Series D:, Behavioural and Social Sciences 81
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Humanities ; Anthropological linguistics ; Anthropology
    Abstract: In Everyday Conceptions of Emotion, prominent anthropologists, linguists and psychologists come together for the first time to discuss how emotions are conceptualised by people of different cultures and ages, speaking different languages. Anger, fear, jealousy and emotion itself are concepts that are bound up with the English language, embedded in a way of thinking, acting and speaking. At the same time, the metaphors underlying such concepts are often similar across languages, and children of different cultures follow common developmental pathways. The book thus discusses the interplay of social and cultural factors that humans share in their development of an understanding of the affective side of their lives. For researchers interested in emotion, development of concepts and language, cultural and linguistic influences on psychological processes
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8484-5
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    GBV
  • 58
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    Ludwig Boltzmann His Later Life and Philosophy, 1900-1906 : Book One: A Documentary History (1995)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401704892
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 272 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 168
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—History. ; Physics. ; Astronomy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; System theory.
    Abstract: This book gives the first detailed record of Ludwig Boltzmann's life and philosophical thoughts during his final years, a period of major change in physics, needing a new methodology of theoretical, idealized science. The growing primacy of physical theory over observation and experimentation meant that Boltzmann needed a methodology which went beyond Ernst Mach's phenomenalism and theory of economy. The documentary approach of this book means that historians, philosophers, and physicists can use it as a source and foundation for better understanding the development of quantum and relativity theory, the new advances in methodology, and as an aid in improving or creating their own contributions to methodology and philosophy of science. Seeds of future linguistic philosophy are also present
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0489-2
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  • 59
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    Transformation in the Writing : A Case of Surrender-and-Catch (1995)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401584128
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 223 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 166
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 166
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Humanities ; Phenomenology ; History ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: Transformation in the Writing, A Case of Surrender-and-Catch further develops the concepts first presented in Surrender and Catch (1976) and applied to sociology and its history in Survival and Sociology (1991) and autobiography in O Loma! (1989). This idea involves the recognition of the unprecedented nature of the present time in the history of humankind and the planet, a time when we ourselves, rather than Nature or the Deity, can annihilate both ourselves and our planet. `Surrender' is nonlinguistic (or prelinguistic), `prepredicative', `prephenomenal', and involves suspending or `bracketing' the world, calling it into question. This is the best any individual can do, in view of the point of crisis at which we are now. In Transformation in the Writing Wolff explores how his hypothesis of Surrender(-and-Catch) bears on aspects of autobiography (émigré status, field work), sociology of knowledge, poetry, phenomenology, hermeneutics, critical theory, and on attitudes to our time
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8412-8
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    A History of Women Philosophers : Contemporary Women Philosophers, 1900-Today (1995)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401111140
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (520p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: A History of Women Philosophers 4
    Series Statement: History of Women Philosophers 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Philosophy—History. ; Culture—Study and teaching.
    Abstract: Like their predecessors, and like their male counterparts, most women philosophers of the 20th century have significant expertise in several specialities. Moreover, their work represents the gamut of 20th century philosophy's interests in moral pragmatism, logical positivism, philosophy of mathematics, of psychology, and of mind. Their writings include feminist philosophy, classical moral theory reevaluated in light of Kant, Mill, and the 19th century feminist and abolitionist movements, and issues in logic and perception. Included in the fourth volume of the series are discussions of L. Susan Stebbing, Edith Stein, Hedwig Conrad Martius, Simone de Beauvoir, Simone Weil, Mary Whiton Calkins, Gerda Walther, and others. While pre-20th century women philosophers were usually self-educated, those of the 20th century had greater access to academic preparation in philosophy. Yet, for all the advances made by women philosophers over two and a half millennia, the philosophers discussed in this volume were sometimes excluded from full participation in academic life, and sometimes denied full professional academic status
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1114-0
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    No Truth Except in the Details : Essays in Honor of Martin J. Klein (1995)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401102179
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXV, 382 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 167
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 167
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Medicine ; Humanities ; History ; Medicine—History. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Beginning with a couple of essays dealing with the experimental and mathematical foundations of physics in the work of Henry Cavendish and Joseph Fourier, the volume goes on to consider the broad areas of investigation that constituted the central foci of the development of the physics discipline in the nineteenth century: electricity and magnetism, including especially the work of Michael Faraday, William Thomson, and James Clerk Maxwell; and thermodynamics and matter theory, including the theoretical work and legacy of Josiah Willard Gibbs, some experimental work relating to thermodynamics and kinetic theory of Heinrich Hertz, and the work of Felix Seyler-Hoppe on hemoglobin in the neighboring field of biophysics/biochemistry. Moving on to the beginning of the twentieth century, a set of three articles on Albert Einstein deal with his early career and various influences on his work. Finally, a set of historiographical issues important for the history of physics are discussed, and the chronological conclusion of the volume is an article on the Solvay Conference of 1933. For physicists interested in the history of their discipline, historians and philosophers of science, and graduate students in these and related disciplines
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0217-9
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    The Problem of Rationality in Science and its Philosophy : On Popper vs. Polanyi The Polish Conferences 1988-89 (1995)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401104616
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 276 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 160
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 160
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The book is an outcome of two conferences held in Poland in 1987 and 1990. Both conferences dealt with the problem of rationality; the first put the problem in the context of the philosophy of Popper and Polanyi; and the second involved the notion of the aim of science. This book presents the most comprehensive current account of the manifold approaches to the problem of rationality and related issues. Generally speaking, some authors are convinced that the standard approach to the problem of rationality is more or less correct. They try to amend this approach and/or to reply to some objections to it. Others adopt a more radical attitude and seek inspiration in more exotic regions of philosophy of science, in particular in the philosophy of Michael Polanyi. In this case not only the problem of rationality of science is addressed but also the problem of rationality of the philosophy of science itself. What makes the book really fascinating is the common attitude of all authors in addressing fundamental issues pertaining to the problem of rationality. This results from the fact that both conferences were organized for a small number of participants and there was time for discussion within a friendly but demanding social environment. The book is primarily intended for researchers in the philosophy of science. It is also valuable to other philosophers interested in current trends in philosophy of science, to scientists of various disciplines interested in philosophy, to scientists and to graduate students in the philosophy of science
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0461-6
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    Emotion in Aesthetics (1995)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401585798
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 271 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 64
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Aesthetics ; Ethics ; Music ; Arts.
    Abstract: Emotion in Aesthetics is the first book on aesthetics to provide an extensive theory of emotion; application of the cognitive-emotive theory to aesthetics; analysis of the relationship between aesthetics, metaphor and emotion; a full theory of meaning and its application to aesthetics; discussion of the relationship between aesthetics, music and language in terms of phonetics, phonology and intonation; an analysis of humanistic aesthetics; a well-developed naturalistic theory of ethics as applied to aesthetics and emotion. Stress is placed on the views of contemporary philosophers as well as some of the main historical accounts of emotion in aesthetics. The important recent work on emotion has not hitherto been applied to aesthetics. As a result there is still much confusion in aesthetics about aesthetic emotion and related concepts, such as the expression theory of emotion. The present book has been written to show how the theory can be used to clarify the issue, resulting in a major breakthrough in aesthetics. In addition, the theory presented is valuable in relating aesthetics to ethics and humanism
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8579-8
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    New Directions in the Philosophy of Technology (1995)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401584180
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 225 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Technology 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Humanities ; Social sciences Methodology ; History ; Technology—Philosophy. ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: In this collection we finally find the philosophy of technology, a young and rapidly developing area of scholarly interest, making contact with history of science and technology, and mainstream epistemological and metaphysical issues. The sophistication of these papers indicates the maturity of the field as it moves away from the advocacy of anti-technology ideological posturing toward a deeper understanding of the options and restraints technological developments provide. The papers presented here take us over a threshold into the real world of complicated social and technological interactions where science and art are shown to be integral to our understanding of technological change, and technological innovations are seen as configuring our knowledge of the world and opening up new possibilities for human development. With its rich historical base, this volume will be of interest to all students concerned about the interactions among technology, society, and philosophy
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8418-0
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    Agora, Academy, and the Conduct of Philosophy (1995)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401101516
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 267 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 63
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Humanities ; History ; History, Ancient. ; Philosophy, Ancient.
    Abstract: Agora, Academy, and the Conduct of Philosophy offers extremely careful and detailed criticisms of some of the most important assumptions scholars have brought to bear in beginning the process of (Platonic) interpretation. It goes on to offer a new way to group the dialogues, based on important facts in the lives and philosophical practices of Socrates - the main speaker in most of Plato's dialogues - and of Plato himself. Both sides of Debra Nails's arguments deserve close attention: the negative side, which exposes a great deal of diversity in a field that often claims to have achieved a consensus; and the positive side, which insists that we must attend to what we know of these philosophers' lives and practices, if we are to make a serious attempt to understand why Plato wrote the way he did, and why his writings seem to depict different philosophies and even different approaches to philosophizing. From the Preface by Nicholas D. Smith
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0151-6
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    Representational Ideas : From Plato to Patricia Churchland (1995)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401100755
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 184 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 250
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Philosophy of mind
    Abstract: In Representational Ideas: From Plato to Patricia Churchland Watson argues that all intelligible theories of representation by ideas are based on likeness between representations and objects. He concludes that 17th century materialist criticisms of `having' mental representations in the mind apply to contemporary material representations in the brain, as proposed by neurophilosophers. The argument begins with Plato, with particular stress on Descartes, Malebranche, and Arnauld. He then proceeds with an examination of the picture theory developed by Wittgenstein, Carnap, and Goodman, and concludes with an examination of Patricia Churchland, Ruth Millikan, Robert Cummins, and Mark Rollins. The use of the historical development of representationalism to pose a central problem in contemporary cognitive science is unique. For students, scholars and researchers in neuroscience, cognitive science, philosophy of mind, and modern philosophy
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0075-5
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    Leibniz and the Kabbalah (1995)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401720694
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 225 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées 142
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 142
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Religion (General) ; History ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Religion.
    Abstract: The general view of scholars is that the Kabbalah had no appreciable influence on the philosophy of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. But on the basis of new evidence, Professor Coudert argues that this conclusion is mistaken. Leibniz was neither the foolish optimist Voltaire made him out to be in Candide nor the supreme rationalist described by so many subsequent scholars. He was a radical gnostic, whose philosophy was profoundly influenced by the Lurianic Kabbalah. Once this somewhat startling fact is understood, key areas of his philosophy, such as his concept of monads, defense of free will, and theodicy, can be seen in entirely new ways, which solve many of the problems that have perplexed scholars. This book is for all levels of readers, from those with a general interest in intellectual history to specialists in philosophy, the history of science, theology, and Jewish studies
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2069-4
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  • 68
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    Satisfying Reason : Studies in the Theory of Knowledge (1995)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401104838
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 246 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Leibniz said with a mixture of admiration and inspiration that the Duchess Sophie of Hannover always wanted to know the reason why behind the reason why. And that is just how rationality works: it wants to leave no loose ends to understanding, seeking to enable us to understand things through to the bitter end. In the twelve chapters that make up Satisfying Reason, Rescher develops and defends the following perspective: That rationality is a cardinal virtue in cognitive matters. That this is not something simple and cut-and-dried: in the pursuit of truth through the development of knowledge we face obstacles -- sometimes even insuperable ones. All that we can do is the best we can, realizing that even our very best may still be imperfect. Nevertheless, the venture is far from hopeless. While absolutes are unattainable in the cognitive venture, some solutions are situationally optimal, being comparatively the best that can be managed under the circumstances. That reason itself enables us to come to terms with this state of affairs, urging us to accept the best we can do as good enough. Satisfying Reason is an explanation of the presuppositions and methods of rational enquiry, an original exercise in metaknowledge, developing a systematic body of knowledge about the scope and limits of knowledge itself
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0483-8
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  • 69
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    The Search for Fundamentals : The Process of Modernisation and the Quest for Meaning (1995)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401585002
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (293 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The search for fundamentals
    Keywords: Humanities ; Religion (General) ; Social sciences ; Anthropology ; Sociology. ; Political science. ; Religion. ; Konferenzschrift 1991 ; Moderne ; Grundwerte ; Fundamentalismus
    Abstract: Modernity dissolves absolute certainties; late modernity dissolves them absolutely. In the modern world system there appears to be no firm, unchallenged ground on which to construct a meaningful canopy. But around the world, many individuals and groups long for a kind of cultural coherence that they believe once existed. They search for fundamentals. While these may be sought in religious traditions, many also aspire to new secular certainties. In their various new forms and contexts the contemporary quests for meaning in turn transform the societies in which they occur. The rich comparative examples in The Search for Fundamentals are used to analyze the sources and consequences of several cultural movements. The book also offers theoretical reflections on the difficulties they experience and on the message they carry for students of modernity. Audience: A broad readership of scholars and advanced students in the social sciences and humanities
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8500-2
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    Nineteen Eighty-Four: Science Between Utopia and Dystopia (1984)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400963405
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences a Yearbook 8
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; History.
    Abstract: I Introduction -- Science and Utopia: On the Social Ordering of the Future -- II Science and Utopia in History -- Science and Utopia: The History of a Dilemma -- Elias Artista: A Precursor of the Messiah in Natural Science -- The Explosion of the Circle: Science and Negative Utopia -- III Socialism, Science and Utopia -- From Utopia to Science? The Development of Socialist Theory between Utopia and Science -- Bogdanov’s Red Star: An Early Bolshevik Science Utopia -- IV Utopias in Practice -- Automata: A Masculine Utopia -- Making Dreams Come True — An Essay on the Role of Practical Utopias in Science -- Eugenic Utopias: Blueprints for the Rationalization of Human Evolution -- Artificial Intelligence and Industrial Robots: An Automatic End for Utopian Thought? -- V Utopian Modes -- Meddling with ‘Politicks’ — Some Conjectures about the Relationship between Science and Utopia -- Science and Power for What? -- Science and Utopia in Late 20th Century Pluralist Democracy, with a Special Reference to the U.S.A. -- Epilogue -- Vespers -- Name Index.
    Abstract: Just fifty years ago Julian Huxley, the biologist grandson of Thomas Henry Huxley, published a book which easily could be seen to represent the prevail­ ing outlook among young scientists of the day: If I were a Dictator (1934). The outlook is optimistic, the tone playfully rational, the intent clear - allow science a free hand and through rational planning it could bring order out of the surrounding social chaos. He complained, however: At the moment, science is for most part either an intellectual luxury or the paid servant of capitalist industry or the nationalist state. When it and its results cannot be fitted into the existing framework, it and they are ignored; and furthermore the structure of scientific research is grossly lopsided, with over-emphasis on some kinds of science and partial or entire neglect of others. (pp. 83-84) All this the scientist dictator would set right. A new era of scientific human­ ism would provide alternative visions to the traditional religions with their Gods and the civic religions such as Nazism and fascism. Science in Huxley's version carries in it the twin impulses of the utopian imagination - Power and Order. Of course, it was exactly this vision of science which led that other grand­ son of Thomas Henry Huxley, the writer Aldous Huxley, to portray scientific discovery as potentially subversive and scientific practice as ultimately en­ slaving.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-6340-5
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  • 71
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    The Nature of Technological Knowledge. Are Models of Scientific Change Relevant? (1984)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401576994
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 147 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Monographs, Continued As Sociology of the Sciences Library 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Science—History.
    Abstract: Communities and Hierarchies: Structure in the Practice of Science and Technology -- Paradigms, Revolutions, and Technology -- Organizational Aspects of Technological Change -- Cognitive Change in Technology and Science -- Notes Towards a Philosophy of the Science/Technology Interaction -- The Structure of Technological Change: Reflections on a Sociological Analysis of Technology -- Author Index.
    Abstract: One of the ironies of our time is the sparsity of useful analytic tools for understanding change and development within technology itself. For all the diatribes about the disastrous effects of technology on modern life, for all the equally uncritical paeans to technology as the panacea for human ills, the vociferous pro- and anti-technology movements have failed to illuminate the nature of technology. On a more scholarly level, in the midst of claims by Marxists and non-Marxists alike about the technological underpinnings of the major social and economic changes of the last couple of centuries, and despite advice given to government and industry about managing science and technology by a small army of consultants and policy analysts, technology itself remains locked inside an impenetrable black box, a deus ex machina to be invoked when all other explanations of puzzling social and economic pheoomena fail. The discipline that has probably done most to penetrate that black box in recent years by studying the 1 internal development of technology is history. Historians of technology and certain economic historians have carried out careful and detailed studies on the genesis and impact of technological innovations, and the structu-re of the social systems associated with those innovations. Within the past few decades tentative consensus about the periodization and the major traditions within the history of technology has begun to emerge, at least as far as Britain and America in the eighteenth and nineteenth century are concerned.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-7699-4
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  • 72
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    The Wider Domain of Evolutionary Thought (1983)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400969865
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 2
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Influence of Darwinism on English Literature and Literary Ideas -- Evolution and Educational Theory in the Nineteenth Century -- Darwin and the Descent of Women -- Darwinism and Feminism: The ‘Woman Question’ in the Life and Work of Olive Schreiner and Charlotte Perkins Gilman -- Darwin and Philosophy Today -- Darwinism and Language -- Evolutionism and Arch(a)eology -- Heinrich Schenker’s Epistemology and Philosophy of Music: An Essay on the Relations Between Evolutionary Theory and Music Theory -- Evolution: The Whitworth Gun in Huxley’s War for the Liberation of Science from Theology -- Evolutionism Transformed: Positivists and Materialists in the Sociätä d’ Anthropologic de Paris from Second Empire to Third Republic -- Notes on Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Only in fairly recent years has History and Philosophy of Science been recognized - though not always under that name - as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour. Previously, in the Australasian region as elsewhere, those few individuals working within this broad area of inquiry found their base, both intellectually and socially, where they could. In fact, the institutionalization of History and Philosophy of Science began compara­ tively early in Australia. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appointments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and '60s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia, and in New Zealand. "Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science" aims to provide a distinctive publication outlet for Australian and New Zealand scholars working in the general area of history, philosophy and social studies of science. Each volume will comprise a group of essays on a connected theme, edited by an Australian or a New Zealander with special expertise in that particular area. The series should, however, prove of more than merely local interest. Papers will address general issues; parochial topics will be avoided.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-6986-5
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    Finalization in Science : The Social Orientation of Scientific Progress (1983)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400970809
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 77
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 77
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Authors’ Introduction -- I. Case Studies -- Summary of Contributions -- Agricultural Chemistry. The Origin and Structure of a Finalized Science -- Autonomization and Finalization: A Comparison of Fermentation Research and Fluid Mechanics -- Cancer Research. A Study of Praxis-Related Theoretical Developments in Chemistry, the Biosciences and Medicine -- II. Theoretical Considerations -- Summary of Contributions -- Finalization Revisited -- The Scientification of Technology -- Normative Finalization -- III. Prospects -- Summary of Contributions -- Science in a Crisis of Legitimation -- Towards a Social Science of Nature -- Introductory Note -- The Finalization Debate: A Reply to our Critics. With a Bibliography of the Finalization Discussion and Debate -- Bibliography of the Finalization Discussion and Debate -- I. The anti-finalization campaign and debate in the media -- III. Contributions to the academic finalization discussion and debate -- Notes on Authors -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: These essays on Finalization in Science - The Social Orientation of Scientific Progress comprise a remarkable, problematic and controversial book. The authors propose a thesis about the social direction of scientific research which was the occasion of a lively and often bitter debate in Germany from 1976 to 1982. Their provocative thesis, briefly, is this: that modern science converges, historically, to the development of a number of 'closed theories', i. e. stable and relatively completed sciences, no longer to be improved by small changes but only by major changes in an entire theoretical structure. Further: that at such a stage of 'mature theory', the formerly viable norm of intra-scientific autonomy may appropriately be replaced by the social direction' of further scientific research (within such a 'mature' field) for socially relevant or, we may bluntly say, 'task-oriented' purposes. This is nothing less than a theory for the planning and social directing of science, under certain specific conditions. Understandably, it raised the sharp objections that such an approach would subordinate scientific inquiry as a free and untrammeled search for truth to the dictates of social relevance and dominant interests, even possibly to dictation and control for particularistic social and political interests.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-7080-9
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  • 74
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    Antipositivist Theories of the Sciences : Critical Rationalism, Critical Theory and Scientific Realism (1983)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401576789
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 284 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Monographs 3
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences - Monographs, Continued As Sociology of the Sciences Library 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: The Identification of Positivism -- 1. Introduction -- II: Antipositivism in the Philosophy of the Natural Sciences -- 2. The Antipositivism of Critical Rationalism -- 3. The Antipositivism of Critical Theory -- 4. The Antipositivism of Scientific Realism -- 5. Discussion: Antipositivism in the Philosophy of the Natural Sciences -- III: Antipositivism in the Philosophy of the Social Sciences -- 6. The Antipositivism of Critical Rationalism -- 7. The Antipositivism of Critical Theory -- 8. The Antipositivism of Scientific Realism -- 9. Discussion: Antipositivism in the Philosophy of the Social Sciences -- IV: Positivism, Antipositivism and Ideology -- 10. Positivism, Antipositivism and Ideology -- 11. The Concept of Ideology in Critical Rationalism -- 12. The Concept of Ideology in Critical Theory -- 13. The Concept of Ideology in Scientific Realism -- 14. Discussion: Positivism, Antipositivism and Ideology -- Notes.
    Abstract: The sciences are too important to be left exclusively to scientists, and indeed they have not been. The structure of scientific knowledge, the role of the sciences in society, the appropriate social contexts for the pursuit of scientific inquiry, have long been matters for reflection and debate about the sciences carried on both within academe and outside it. Even within the universities this reflection has not been the property of any single discipline. Philosophy might have been first in the field, but history and the social sciences have also entered the fray. For the latter, new problems came to the fore, since reflection on the sciences is, in the case of the social sciences, necessarily also reflection on themselves as sciences. Reflection on the natural sciences and self-reflection by the social sciences came to be dominated in the 1960s by the term 'positivism'. At the time when this word had been invented, the sciences were flourishing; their social and material environment had become increasingly favourable to scientific progress, and the sciences were pointing the way to an optimistic future. In the later twentieth century, however, 'positivism' came to be a word used more frequently by those less sure of nineteenth century certainties. In both sociology and philosophy, 'positivism' was now something to be rejected, and, symbolizing the collapse of an earlier consensus, it became itself the shibboleth of a new dissensus, as different groups of reflective thinkers, in rejecting 'positivism', rejected something different, and often rejected each other.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-7678-9
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  • 75
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    The Social Construction of Science : A Comparative Study of Goal Direction, Research Evolution and Legitimation (1983)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400970106
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Monographs 2
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences - Monographs, Continued As Sociology of the Sciences Library 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social history.
    Abstract: 1. The Social Construction of Science -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. The Theoretical Perspective Developed in this Book -- 2. What is Science? -- 2.1. The Need for Precise Definitions -- 2.2. Structure and Meaning in the Analysis of Science -- 2.3. Science and Its Sub-Universes of Meaning -- 2.4. Science as a System of Theoretical Production -- 2.5. Social Control in Science -- 2.6. Research -- 2.7. Types of Research: Basic Research vs. Practice Oriented Research -- 2.8. The Negotiation of Meaning in Science -- 2.9. Summary -- 3. Science and Professionalism -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Science and Professionalism -- 3.3. The Role of Autonomy in Science -- 3.4. Scientific Autonomy and Politics -- 3.5. The Inertia of Contemporary Science -- 3.6. The Professional Orientational Reference Group -- 3.7. The Context of Legitimation vs. the Context of Research -- 3.8. Professionalism and the Articulation of Beliefs in an Era of Resource Scarcity -- 4. Scientists Have Goals -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. The ‘Common-Sense’ Notion of Goals in Scientific Research -- 4.3. The Institutional Context of Goal Direction in the Physical Sciences -- 4.4. The Political Receptivity of Scientific Fields -- 4.5. What is a Goal? -- 4.6. What Are the Goals of Science? An Australian Case Study -- 5. Cognitive and Social Dimensions in the Analysis of Science -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Cognitive and Social Institutionalisation -- 5.3. The Cognitive Field of a Scientist -- 5.4. Cognitive Structures in the Context of Research -- 5.5. Operationalising Social and Cognitive Concepts -- 5.6. Some Methodological Observations About My Own Research -- 6. Research and Its Legitimation: Two Cognitively Oriented Case Studies -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Some Methodological Details -- 6.3. Case Study 1: The Selective Surfaces Research Group (SSG) -- 6.4. Case Study 2: The Dopamine/Octopamine Research Group (DOG) -- 6.5. Comparing the Two Case Studies -- 7. General Conclusions -- 7.1. Suggestions for Future Work -- Notes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This book concerns the institutionalisation of the physical sciences. The book breaks with the established tradition in the history, philosophy and sociology of sciences by attempting to capture both the cognitive and social dimensions of institutionalisation in one unified analysis. This unifica­ tion has been achieved through a treatment of research as goal directed social action - a theme which has been developed both theoretically and empirically. The analysis presented is therefore unique in its breadth of focus and shows how the traditional concerns of sociology with generalised macro-structures of meaning and action can be related to the lifeworlds of individual scientists. The sociology of the sciences is still today a relative newcomer to the field of sciences studies which has traditionally been dominated by the history and philosophy of the sciences. I hope that this book reflects the excitement I experienced in being able to respond to the debates and concepts which erupted in that particularly fertile period follOwing the publication of Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962 - a period from which a cogni­ tively oriented sociology of the sciences was to emerge as a serious challenger to orthodoxies in the history, philosophy and sociology of sciences.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-7010-6
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  • 76
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    Functions and Uses of Disciplinary Histories (1983)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400970359
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences a Yearbook 7
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Law—History.
    Abstract: I The Natural Sciences -- On the Relation of Physical Science to History in Late Nineteenth-Century Germany -- Re-Reading the Past from the End of Physics: Maxwell’s Equations in Retrospect -- A Founder Myth in the History of Sciences? — The Lavoisier Case -- Redefinitions of a Discipline: Histories of Geology and Geological History -- The Role of Medical History in the History of Medicine in Germany -- II The Social Sciences -- On Merton’s “History” and “Systematics” of Sociological Theory -- The Self-Presentation of a Discipline: History of Psychology in the United States between Pedagogy and Scholarship -- The Uses of History for the Shaping of a Field: Observations on German Psychology -- Cultural Anthropology and the Paradigm-Concept: A Brief History of their Recent Convergence -- III The Humanities -- On the Relation of Disciplinary Development and Historical Self-Presentation — the Case of Classical Philology since the End of the Eighteenth Century -- Epilogue -- Name Index.
    Abstract: Edward Gibbon's allegation at the beginning of his Essay on the Study of Literature (1764) that the history of empires is that of the miseries of humankind whereas the history of the sciences is that of their splendour and happiness has for a long time been accepted by professional scientists and by historians of science alike. For its practitioner, the history of a discipline displayed above all the always difficult but fmally rewarding approach to a truth which was incorporated in the discipline in its actual fonn. Looking back, it was only too easy to distinguish those who erred and heretics in the field from the few forerunners of true science. On the one hand, the traditional history of science was told as a story of hero and hero worship, on the other hand it was, paradoxically enough, the constant attempt to remind the scientist whom he should better forget. It is not surprising at all therefore that the traditional history of science was a field of only minor interest for the practitioner of a distinct scientific diSCipline or specialty and at the same time a hardly challenging task for the professional historian. Nietzsche had already described the historian of science as someone who arrives late after harvest-time: it is somebody who is only a tolerated guest at the thanksgiving dinner of the scientific community .
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-7035-9
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  • 77
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    Otto Hahn and the Rise of Nuclear Physics (1983)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400971332
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 22
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Introduction: from Rutherford to Hahn -- The Nuclear Electron Hypothesis -- The Evolution of Matter: Nuclear Physics, Cosmic Rays, and Robert Millikan’s Research Program -- The Discovery of Fission and a Nuclear Physics Paradigm -- Internal and External Conditions for the Discovery of Fission by the Berlin Team -- Otto Hahn, Science, and Social Responsibility -- The Politics of British Science in the Munich Era -- Why Hahn’s Radiothorium Surprised Rutherford in Montreal -- The Discovery of Uranium Z by Otto Hahn: The First Example of Nuclear Isomerism -- Nuclear Physics in Candada in the 1930s.
    Abstract: and less as the emanation unden\'ent radioactive decay, and it became motion­ less after about 30 seconds. Since this process was occurring very rapidly, Hahn and Sackur marked the position of the pointer on a scale with pencil marks. As a timing device they used a metronome that beat out intervals of approximately 1. 3 seconds. This simple method enabled them to determine that the half-life of the emanations of actinium and emanium were the same. Although Giesel's measurements had been more precise than Debierne's, the name of actinium was retained since Debierne had made the discovery first. Hahn now returned to his sample of barium chloride. He soon conjectured that the radium-enriched preparations must harbor another radioactive sub­ stance. The liquids resulting from fractional crystallization, which were sup­ posed to contain radium only, produced two kinds of emanation. One was the long-lived emanation of radium, the other had a short life similar to the emanation produced by thorium. Hahn tried to separate this substance by adding some iron to the solutions that should have been free of radium, but to no avail. Later the reason for his failure became apparent. The element that emitted the thorium emanation was constantly replenished by the ele­ ment believed to be radium. Hahn succeeded in enriching a preparation until it was more than 100,000 times as intensive in its radiation as the same quantity of thorium.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-7133-2
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  • 78
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    Scientific Establishments and Hierarchies (1982)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400977297
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (381p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences a Yearbook 6
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social history.
    Abstract: I Scientific and Other Establishments -- Scientific Establishments -- The Scientific Power Elite — a Chimera; The Deinstitutionalization and Politicization of Science -- The Hallmarks of Science and Scholasticism: A Historical Analysis -- Advice from a Scientific Establishment: the National Academy of Sciences -- II Establishments and Hierarchies in the Development of Scientific Knowledge -- Giving Life a New Meaning: The Rise of the Molecular Biology Establishment -- Two Scientific Establishments which Shape the Pattern of Cancer Research in Germany: Basic Science and Medicine -- Development and Establishment in Artificial Intelligence -- The Development of Restrictedness in the Sciences -- Scientific Disciplines and Organizational Specificity: the Social and Cognitive Configuration of Laboratory Activities -- III Establishing Boundaries and Hierarchies in the Sciences -- On the Autonomy of Pure Science: The Construction and Maintenance of Barriers between Scientific Establishments and Popular Culture -- Research Trails and Science Policies: Local and Extra-Local Negotiation of Scientific Work -- The Establishment and Structure of the Sciences as Reputational Organizations.
    Abstract: In recent years sociologists of sciences have become more interested in scien­ tific elites, in the way they direct and control the development of sciences and, beyond that, in which the organization of research facilities and resources generally affects research strategies and goals. In this volume we focus on scientific establishments and hierarchies as a means of bringing aspects of these concerns together in their historical and comparative contexts. These terms draw attention to the fact that much scientific work has been pursued within a highly specific organizational setting, that of universities and aca­ demic research institutes. The effects of this organizational setting as well as its power relations, and its resources in relation to governmental and other non-scientific establishments in society at large, deserve closer attention. One significant aspect of scientific establishments and hierarchies and of the power relations impinging upon scientific research, is the fact that the bulk of leading scientists have the professional career, qualifications and status of a professor. As heads or senior members of departments, institutes and laboratories, professors form the ruling groups of scientific work. They are the main defenders of scientific - or departmental - autonomy, accept or resist innovations in their field, play a leading part in fighting scientific controversies or establishing consensus. Even where research units are not directly controlled by professors, authority structures usually remain strongly hierarchical. These hierarchies too deserve attention in any explora­ tion of the social characteristics of scientific knowledge and its production.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-7729-7
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  • 79
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    A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings : 1625-1631 (1982)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400975170
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (728p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Stichting Foundation Rembrandt Research Project 1
    Series Statement: Rembrandt Research Project Foundation 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Arts.
    Abstract: Since the second half of the last century art historians, realizing that the image of Rembrandt’s work had become blurred with time, have attempted to redefine the artist’s significance both as a source of inspiration to other artists and as a great artist in his own right. In order to carry on the work started by previous generations, a group of leading Dutch art historians from the university and museum world joined forces in the late 1960s in order to study afresh the paintings usually ascribed to the artist. The researchers came together in the Rembrandt Research Project which was established to provide the art world with a new standard reference work which would serve the community of art historians for the nearby and long future. They examined the originals of all works attributed to Rembrandt taking full advantage of today’s sophisticated techniques including radiography, neutron activation autoradiography, dendrochronology and paint sample analysis - thereby gaining valuable insight into the genesis and condition of the paintings. The result of this meticulous research is laid down chronologically in the following Volumes: THIS VOLUME: A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings, Volume I, which deals with works from Rembrandt’s early years in Leiden(1629-1631), published in 1982. A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings, Volume II, covering his first years in Amsterdam (1631-1634), published in 1986. A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings, Volume III, goes into his later years of reputation (1635-1642), published in 1990. Each Volume consists of a number of Introductory Chapters as well as the full Catalogue of all paintings from the given time period attributed to Rembrandt. In this catalogue each painting is discussed and examined in a detailed way, comprising a descriptive, an interpretative and a documentary section. For the authenticity evaluation of the paintings three different categories are used to divide the works in: A. Paintings by Rembrandt, B. Paintings of which Rembrandt’s authorship cannot be positively either accepted or rejected, and C. Paintings of which Rembrandt’s authorship cannot be accepted. This volume (Volume I) contains 730 pages, starting of with four introductory chapters and discussing 93 paintings. In clear and accessible explanatory text all different paintings are discussed, larded with immaculate images of each painting. Details are shown where possible, as well as the results of modern day technical imaging. In this volume the f ...
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-7517-0
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  • 80
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    The Cognitive Paradigm : Cognitive Science, a Newly Explored Approach to the Study of Cognition Applied in an Analysis of Science and Scientific Knowledge (1982)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400979567
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (334p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Monographs 1
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences - Monographs, Continued As Sociology of the Sciences Library 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; History.
    Abstract: One: Introduction to the Cognitive View -- 1. The Development of the Cognitive View -- 2. World Views and Models -- 3. Positivism as a Monadic View -- 4. Logical Positivism: A Structural View -- 5. Contexts of Science: Sciences of Science -- 6. The Cognitive View on Science: Paradigms -- Two: The Social Structure of Science -- 7. Bibliometrics and the Structure of Science -- 8. Informal Groups and the Origin of Networks -- 9. The Life Cycle of Scientific Specialties -- Three: Cognitive Structure and Dynamics of Science -- 10. Paradigms and the Psychology of Attention and Perception -- 11. Puzzle-solving and Reorganization of World Views -- 12. Conservation and the Dynamics of Conceptual Systems -- Epilogue -- Notes.
    Abstract: The growing importance of the sciences in industrialised societies has been acknowledged by the increasing number of studies concerned with their development, change and control. In the past 20 or so years there has been a considerable growth in teaching and research programmes dealing with science and technology policy, science and society, sociology and history of science and similar areas which has resulted in much new material about the production and validation of scientific knowledge. In addition to the quanti­ tative growth of this literature, there has also been a substantial shift in the problems addressed and approaches adopted. In particular, the substantive content of scientific knowledge has become the focus of many historical and sociological studies which seek to understand how knowledges develop and change in different social circumstances. Instead of taking the privileged epistemological status of scientific knowledge for granted, recent approaches have emphasised the socially contingent nature of knowledge production and validation and the pluralistic nature of the sciences. Parallel to these develop­ ments, there has been a shift in the treatment of science by the state, business and public pressure groups. Increasingly they have sought to control the direction of research, and thus the content of knowledge, directly rather than simply applying existing knowledge. Science has become amenable to social control and influence. Its sacred status has declined and it is increasingly viewed as a socially constituted phenomenon which can be studied in a similar manner to other cultural products.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-7956-7
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  • 81
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    The Cultural Context of Therapeutic Choice : Obstetrical Care Decisions Among the Bariba of Benin (1982)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400977402
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness, and Healing, Studies in Comparative Cross-Cultural Research 3
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness and Healing 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Humanities ; Logic ; Anthropology
    Abstract: 1: Introduction -- 1.1. The Study -- 1.2. The Setting -- 1.3. Methodology -- 1.4. Theoretical Perspectives on Health Care Decisions -- 2: The Cultural Context of Therapeutic Choice -- 2.1. Bariba Conceptions of the Order of the Universe -- 2.2. Diagnosis and Treatment -- 2.3. Divination -- 2.4. The Use of Substances -- 2.5. Medicines -- 3: Beliefs and Practices Surrounding Reproductive Processes -- 3.1. Menstruation and Clitoridectomy -- 3.2. Conception -- 3.3. Development of Fetus -- 3.4. Contraception -- 3.5. Abortion -- 3.6. Sterility -- 4: Status Among the Bariba: The Roles and Responsibilities of Women -- 4.1. Status in Bariba Society -- 4.2. Position of Women -- 4.3. Economic Subsistence -- 4.4. Political Arena -- 4.5. Domestic Relations -- 4.6. Household Responsibilities -- 5: Sociological and Career Attributes of Midwives -- 5.1. Healers: Midwives and Medicine People -- 5.2. Implications of Role Expectations for Birth Assistance -- 5.3. Recruitment of Matrones and Method of Skill Acquisition -- 5.4. Sources of Medical Knowledge -- 5.5. Matrones Own Reproductive Histories -- 5.6. Age at Unsupervised Delivery -- 5.7. Assistance at Own Child’s Delivery -- 5.8. Remuneration -- 5.9. Comprehensive Care by Matrones -- 5.10. Pregnancy Counseling -- 5.11. Matrone’s Role Variability -- 5.12. Spirit Possession -- 5.13. Inheritance of Spirits -- 5.14. Healing and Sambani -- 5.15. The Matrone Prototype -- 6: The Meaning of Efficacy in Relation to Obstetrical Care Preferences -- 7: Birth Assistance in the Rural Area: Patterns of Delivery Assistance -- 7.1. Delivery Assistance: Patterns of Selection in the Rural Area -- 7.2. Midwifery as a Therapeutic System -- 7.3. Structured Interviews with Matrones -- 8: Client-Practitioner Encounters -- 8.1.1. The Case of Adama -- 8.1.2. The Case of Sako -- 8.1.3. The Case of the Prolapsed Cord -- 8.1.4. The Case of the Terrifying Breech 120 -- 8.1.5 The Case of Bona -- 8.2. Pain as a Cultural Phenomenon -- 8.3. Pregnancy (by Nicole) -- 8.4. Conclusion -- 9: Utilization of National Health Services for Maternity Care in the District of Kouande -- 9.1. Clinic vs. Home Delivery: A Pehunko Sample -- 9.2. Utilization of the Pehunko Dispensary -- 9.3. Pehunko Women at the Kouande Maternity Clinic -- 9.4. The Kouande Maternity Clinic: General Utilization -- 10: Conclusion -- 10.1. Implications of the Bariba Study for the Cross-Cultural Study of Midwifery -- 10.2. The Involvement of Indigenous Midwives in National Health Systems -- 10.3. Training Programs -- Appendices -- Appendix A: Demographic Data -- Appendix B: Female Circumcision Songs -- Notes.
    Abstract: This book examines the factors influencing women's choices of obstetrical care in a Bariba community in the People's Republic of Benin, West Africa. When selecting a research topic, I decided to investigate health care among the Bariba for several reasons. First, I had served as a Peace Corps Volunteer in northern Benin (then Dahomey) and had established a network of contacts in the region. In addition, I had worked for a year as assistant manager of a pharmacy in a northern town and had become interested in the pattern of utilization of health care services by urban residents. This three-year residence proved an invaluable asset in preparing and conducting research in the northern region. In particular, I was able to establish relationships with several indigenous midwives whose families I already knew both from prior research experience and mutual friend­ ships. These relationships enabled me to obtain detailed information regarding obstetrical practice and thus form the foundation of this book. The fieldwork upon which the book is directly based was conducted between June 1976 and December 1977 and sponsored by the F ord-Rockefeller Popula­ tion Policy Program, the Social Science Research Council, the National Science Foundation, and the FUlbright-Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Program. The Ford-Rockefeller Population Policy Program funded the project as a collab­ oration between myself and Professor Eusebe Alihonou, Professor Agrege (Gynecologie-Obstetrique) at the National University of Benin.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-7740-2
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  • 82
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    Guillaume Postel : Prophet of the Restitution of All Things His Life and Thought (1981)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401717243
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 270 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Reeves, Marjorie REVIEWS 1983
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Bitton, Davis [Rezension von: Kuntz, Marion L., Guillaume Postel: Prophet of the Restitution of All Things. His Life and Thought...] 1983
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idees 98
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 98
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; History
    Abstract: One: Viator -- Two: Comprehensor -- Three: Congregator.
    Abstract: Gui 11 aume Postel was undoubtedly one of the most remarkab 1 e and interesting scholars and thinkers of the sixteenth century. His know­ ledge of Hebrew and Arabic was rare among his contemporaries, as was his study and use of the Rabbinical, Cabalistic and Islamic literature pre­ served in these languages. His attempt to harmonize Christian, Jewish and Mbhammedan thought give him an important place in the history of re­ ligious tolerance, whereas his prophecies about a universal religion and a universal monarchy seem to anticipate more recent ideas of a world state and of general peace. In his prophecies, Postel assigned a unique role to himself and to a pious 1 ady whom he met in Venice and whom he lavishly praises in all his later writings. Admired and respected by many contemporary scholars and princes in France, Italy and Germany, he also aroused the suspicions of the religious and political authorities of his time who considered him dangerous but mad and thus spared his life, but confined him to a monastery for many years. His numerous writ­ ings survive in rare editions and manuscripts, and the later copies of some of his works show that he continued to be read and to exercise much influence down to the eighteenth century.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1724-3
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  • 83
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    Space and Incongruence : The Origin of Kant’s Idealism (1981)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401576604
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 145 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 21
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; History
    Abstract: 1 / Absolute and Relational Theories of Space -- 2 / Kant’s Leibnizian Heritage -- 3 / Incongruent Counterparts and the Nature of Space -- 4 / Incongruent Counterparts and the Nature of Sensibility -- 5 / Incongruent Counterparts and Things in Themselves -- 6 / Kant’s Metaphysics of Space and Motion -- Conclusion / The Significance of Incongruent Counterparts.
    Abstract: Kantian transcendental idealism is the thesis that fundamental aspects of experience are contributed by the perceiving subject rather than by the things experienced, and are not features of things as they exist independently of sensible perceivers. This is undoubtedly the most striking and at the same time the most puzzling of Kant's Critical views. It is striking because nothing could be less commonsensical than the beliefthat things as we perceive them have nothing in common with things as they are independently ofbeing per­ ceived. From a more technical point of viewthe doctrine is puzzling because Kant apparently does not support it very well. Beginning with Kant's con­ temporaries, critics have pointed out that among all the arguments for the theory in the CritiqueofPureReason, none entails the conclusion that things in themselves cannot be like objects of sense experience in any way. So, for example, although transcendental idealism is compatible with Kant's theory of synthetic a priori knowledge, there is nothing in the analysis of the syn­ thetic a priori ruling out the possibility that features contributed to experi­ ence by the perceiving subject correspond to characteristics of things in them­ selves, although we might never know this to be so. And even though Kant sees transcendental idealism as a solution to the Antinomies, this is at best indirect support for the view;there are undoubtedly other ways to get around these traditional metaphysical puzzles.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-7660-4
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  • 84
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    Sciences and Cultures : Anthropological and Historical Studies of the Sciences (1981)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400984295
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (287p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences a Yearbook 5
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Civilization—History.
    Abstract: A Programmatic Attempt at an Anthropology of Knowledge -- On the Boundaries of Science in Seventeenth-Century England -- What Should We Do with the Monster?: Electromagnetism and the Psychosociology of Knowledge -- Science and Modern Chinese Culture -- The Meaning Context of Illness and Care: Reflections on a Central Theme in the Anthropology of Medicine -- The Semantics of Medical Discourse -- The Necessity of Field Methods in the Study of Scientific Research -- Anthropological Perspectives in the Sociology of Science.
    Abstract: Anthropological approaches to the sciences have developed as part of a broader tradition concerned about the place of the sciences in today's world and in some basic sense concerned with questions about the legitimacy of the sciences. In the years since the second World War, we have seen the emergence of a number of different attempts both to analyze and to cope with the successes of the sciences, their broad penetration into social life, and the sense of problem and crisis that they have projected. Among the of movements concerned about the earlier responses were the development social responsibility of scientists and technological practitioners. There is little doubt that this was a direct outgrowth of the role of science in the war epitomized by the successful construction and catastrophic use of the atomic bomb. The recognition of the deep social utility of science, and especially its role as an instrument of war, fostered curiosity about the earlier develop­ ment of scientific disciplines and institutional forms. The history of science as an explicit diSCipline with full-time practitioners can be seen as an attempt to locate science in temporal space - first in its intellectual form and second­ ly in its institutional or social form. The sociology of science, while certainly having roots in the pre-war work of Robert K.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-8429-5
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  • 85
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    The Social Process of Scientific Investigation (1980)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400991095
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (356p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences A Yearbook 4
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social history.
    Abstract: I Discovery Accounts -- The Interaction between Theory and Data in Science -- The Scientist as an Analogical Reasoner: A Critique of the Metaphor Theory of Innovation -- Is it Possible to Reconstruct the Research Process? Sociology of a Brain Peptide -- II Discovery Acceptance -- Theoreticians and the Production of Experimental Anomaly: The Case of Solar Neutrinos -- The Role of Interests in High-Energy Physics: The Choice between Charm and Colour -- The Effects of Social Context on the Process of Scientific Investigation: Experimental Tests of Quantum Mechanics -- On the Construction of Creativity: The ‘Memory Transfer’ Phenomenon and the Importance of Being Earnest -- III The Research Process -- Struggles and Negotiations to Define What is Problematic and What is Not: The Sociologic Translation -- The Development of an Interdisciplinary Project -- IV Writing Public Accounts -- Discovery: Logic and Sequence in a Scientific Text -- Contexts of Scientific Discourse: Social Accounting in Experimental Papers -- V The Context of Scientific Investigation -- The Context of Scientific Investigation.
    Abstract: practice, some of which is translated into the standard forms of public discourse, in publication, and then retranslated by readers and adapted again to local practice at self-selected other sites. Less may be left implicit, and additional personal and contextual information is carried, by the "informal" methods of communication which mediate local projects and international publication. But both methods of communication are screens as well as conduits of information. History and Background of the Volume When the planning of this volume began in the spring of 1977, it seemed a natural part of the mandate for the Yearbook. There had also been a number of more specific calls for deeper studies of research in social and historical context (3). These calls can be seen as giving permission and legitimacy to ask questions otherwise seen as irrelevant, or even disrespectful, and as attempts to develop new perspectives from which to ask and to answer them. The implied and expressed irreverence toward traditions and institutions of great respect may have prolonged this process of initial apologetics. In any case, in May 1977 the theme of 'The Social Process of Scientific Investigation' was proposed to the Editorial Board for Volume IV as "the heart of the subject. " That is, the ethnographic and detailed historical study of actual scientific activity and thinking at or close to the work site.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-9109-5
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