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  • 1995-1999  (707)
  • 1980-1984  (166)
  • 1950-1954  (14)
  • Cambridge : Cambridge University Press  (533)
  • Bielefeld : transcript
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Social anthropology : the journal of the European Association of Social Anthropologists = Anthropologie sociale (from 1993-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. | Oxford ; Malden, MA : Wiley-Blackwell | New York ; Oxford : Berghahn ; 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-0282 , 1469-8676 , 1469-8676
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Social anthropology
    Keywords: Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
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    Journal/Serial
    HeBIS
  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    International African library : IAL (from 1985-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Edinburgh : Univ. Press | Manchester : Manchester Univ. Press ; 1.1985 -
    Details
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1985 -
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    MARKK
  • 3
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Slavic review : interdisciplinary quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies (from 1961-)
    Washington, DC : Assoc. | Stanford, Calif. : Assoc. | Cambridge, Mass. : Assoc. | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 20.1961,3 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISSN: 0037-6779 , 2325-7784 , 2325-7784
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 20.1961,3 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Slavic review
    Former Title: Vorg. The American Slavic and East European review
    Former Title: American quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies
    Keywords: Slawen ; Kultur ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Slawische Sprachen ; Slawistik ; Osteuropa ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Repr.: New York, NY : Johnson , Beteil. Körp. bis 2010,2: American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies
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    Journal/Serial
    HeBIS
  • 4
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Social anthropology : the journal of the European Association of Social Anthropologists = Anthropologie sociale (from 1993-)
    New York : Berghahn | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. | Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell | Chichester : Wiley ; 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-0282 , 1469-8676
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Social anthropology
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    HeBIS
    HBZ
  • 5
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Slavic review : interdisciplinary quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies (from 1961-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Washington, DC : Assoc. | Stanford, Calif. : Assoc. | Cambridge, Mass. : Assoc. ; 20.1961,3 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0037-6779 , 2325-7784
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 20.1961,3 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Slavic review
    Former Title: Vorg.: The American Slavic and East European review
    Former Title: American quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies
    DDC: 890
    Keywords: Slawen ; Kultur ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Slawische Sprachen ; Zeitschrift ; Slawistik ; Zeitschrift ; Osteuropa ; Zeitschrift ; Slawen ; Kultur ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Osteuropa ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Slawische Sprachen ; Zeitschrift ; Slawistik ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Repr.: New York, NY : Johnson , Beteil. Körp. bis 2010,2: American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    HeBIS
    HBZ
  • 6
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Social anthropology : the journal of the European Association of Social Anthropologists = Anthropologie sociale (from 1993-)
    New York ; Oxford : Berghahn | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. | Oxford ; Malden, MA : Wiley-Blackwell | Chichester ; Malden, MA : Wiley ; 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-0282 , ISSN 1469-8676
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Social anthropology
    Keywords: Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    BVB
  • 7
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Social anthropology : the journal of the European Association of Social Anthropologists = Anthropologie sociale (from 1993-)
    New York ; Oxford : Berghahn | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. | Oxford ; Malden, MA : Wiley-Blackwell | Chichester ; Malden, MA : Wiley ; 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-0282 , 1469-8676
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Social anthropology
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    HBZ
  • 8
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Social anthropology : the journal of the European Association of Social Anthropologists = Anthropologie sociale (from 1993-)
    New York ; Oxford : Berghahn | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. | Oxford ; Malden, MA : Wiley-Blackwell | Chichester ; Malden, MA : Wiley ; 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-0282 , ISSN 1469-8676
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Social anthropology
    Keywords: Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    KOBV
  • 9
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Forschung aus der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung (from 1997-)
    Baden-Baden : Nomos, Ed. Sigma | Berlin : Ed. Sigma | Bielefeld : transcript ; 1.1997 -
    Details
    ISSN: 2702-9255 , 2702-9263
    Language: German
    Pages: 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.1997 -
    Additional Information: 26=[1]; 66=2 von Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliches Institut WSI-Frauendatenreport Berlin : Ed. Sigma, 2000
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hans-Böckler-Stiftung Forschung aus der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Annales : histoire, sciences sociales (from 1946-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Paris : Colin ; 1.1946 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-441X , 0395-2649 , 1953-8146 , 1953-8146
    Language: French
    Dates of Publication: 1.1946 -
    Additional Information: Beil. Thèses en lettres et sciences humaines, droit et sciences économiques
    Additional Information: Beil. Thèses en sciences humaines
    Additional Information: Beil. Annales / Cahiers
    Parallel Title: Übersetzt als Annales
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Annales
    Former Title: Vorg. Annales d'histoire sociale
    Former Title: Annales, économies, sociétés, civilisations
    Former Title: économies, sociétés, civilisations
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    NA 1000
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsgeschichte ; Welt ; Frankreich ; Geschichtswissenschaft ; Sozialgeschichte ; Interesse ; Geschichte ; Geschichtswissenschaft Sozialgeschichte ; Wirtschaftsgeschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Zeitschrift ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Zweiter Herausgeber früher: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , Repr.: Nendeln, Liechtenstein : Kraus , Ungezählte Beil.: Suppl , Index 1946/49 ersch. als Monographie u.d.T.: Vingt années d'histoire économique et sociale / Maurice-A. Arnould; 1949/68 u. 1969/88 als Monogr. u.d.T.: Vingt années d'histoire et de sciences humaines; Table analytique 44/48.1989/93=49.1994,6,Suppl.; 49/53.1994/98=54.1999,5,Suppl.; 54/58.1999/2003=59.2004,4,Suppl.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    Weltkulturen Museum
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 11
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Contemporary European history (from 1992-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 1.1992 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISSN: 0960-7773 , 1469-2171 , 1469-2171
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.1992 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Contemporary European history
    Keywords: Geschichte 1900- ; Zeitschrift ; Politik ; Europa ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
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    Journal/Serial
    HeBIS
  • 12
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Jahrbuch Tanzforschung (from 1997-)
    Bielefeld : transcript | Wilhelmshaven : Noetzel | Münster : LIT | Leipzig : Henschel ; 7.1996(1997) - 9.1998(1999); 13.2003 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0940-1008
    Language: German
    Pages: 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: 7.1996(1997) - 9.1998(1999); 13.2003 -
    Additional Information: Vorg. u. 10.2000 - 12.2002 Tanzforschung Münster : Lit-Verl., 1991 0940-1008
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Jahrbuch Tanzforschung
    Former Title: Tanzforschung
    Former Title: Jahrbuch ... der Gesellschaft für Tanzforschung
    Former Title: Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für Tanzforschung
    DDC: 792.805
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Tanz ; Tanz ; Forschung
    Note: Ab 13.2003 als Schriftenreihe; ersch. unregelmäßig; 31.2021 nicht erschienen
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
  • 13
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Social anthropology : the journal of the European Association of Social Anthropologists = Anthropologie sociale (from 1993-)
    New York : Berghahn | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. | Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell | Chichester : Wiley ; 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-0282 , 1469-8676 , 1469-8676
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Social anthropology
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
    MPI-MMG
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
    GRASSI Mus. Leipzig
  • 14
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Social anthropology : the journal of the European Association of Social Anthropologists = Anthropologie sociale (from 1993-)
    New York : Berghahn | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. | Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell | Chichester : Wiley ; 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-0282 , ISSN 1469-8676 , ISSN 1469-8676
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Social anthropology
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift
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    Journal/Serial
    KOBV
  • 15
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    International African library : IAL (from 1985-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Manchester : Manchester Univ. Press | Edinburgh : Univ. Press ; 1.1985 -
    Details
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1985 -
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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    Journal/Serial
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
    MPI-MMG
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 16
    Book
    Book
    Fauna Hawaiiensis being the Land-Fauna of the Hawaiian Islands (1899-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
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    Details
    Language: English
    Keywords: Hawaii ; Tiere ; Zoologie
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    Book
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
  • 17
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    World politics : a quarterly journal of international relations (from 1949-)
    Baltimore, MD : John Hopkins University Press | Princeton, NJ [u.a.] : Univ. Press | Baltimore, Md. : Johns Hopkins Univ. Press | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 1.1948/49(1949) - 60.2007/08; 61.2009 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0043-8871 , ISSN 1086-3338 , ISSN 1086-3338
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1948/49(1949) - 60.2007/08; 61.2009 -
    Additional Information: 14,1=78 von Princeton paperbacks Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press, 1954
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als World politics
    DDC: 320
    RVK:
    PR 1000
    RVK:
    MA 1000
    Keywords: Internationale Beziehungen ; Internationale Politik ; Außenpolitik ; Welt ; Internationale Politik ; Zeitschrift ; Internationale Politik ; Politik ; Weltpolitik ; Internationale Politik ; Außenpolitik ; Sicherheitspolitik
    Note: Repr.: New York, NY : Johnson; Bad Feilnbach : Schmidt Periodicals , Beteil. Körp. 1.1948/49 - 3.1951: Yale Institute of International Studies; früher: Center of International Studies
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    KOBV
  • 18
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Social anthropology : the journal of the European Association of Social Anthropologists = Anthropologie sociale (from 1993-)
    New York : Berghahn | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. | Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell | Chichester : Wiley ; 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-0282 , 1469-8676 , 1469-8676
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Social anthropology
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift
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    Journal/Serial
    BSZ
    GBV
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
    MPI-MMG
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
    GRASSI Mus. Leipzig
  • 19
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Social anthropology : the journal of the European Association of Social Anthropologists = Anthropologie sociale (from 1993-)
    New York : Berghahn | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. | Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell | Chichester : Wiley ; 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-0282 , 1469-8676 , 1469-8676
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Social anthropology
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift
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    Journal/Serial
    BSZ
    GBV
  • 20
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Annales : histoire, sciences sociales (from 1946-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Paris : Colin ; 1.1946 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-441X , 0395-2649 , 1953-8146 , 1953-8146
    Language: French
    Dates of Publication: 1.1946 -
    Additional Information: Beil. Thèses en lettres et sciences humaines, droit et sciences économiques
    Additional Information: Beil. Thèses en sciences humaines
    Additional Information: Beil. Annales / Cahiers
    Parallel Title: Übersetzt als Annales
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Annales
    Former Title: Vorg. Annales d'histoire sociale
    Former Title: Annales, économies, sociétés, civilisations
    Former Title: économies, sociétés, civilisations
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    NA 1000
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsgeschichte ; Welt ; Frankreich ; Geschichtswissenschaft ; Sozialgeschichte ; Interesse ; Geschichte ; Geschichtswissenschaft Sozialgeschichte ; Wirtschaftsgeschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Zeitschrift ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Zweiter Herausgeber früher: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , Repr.: Nendeln, Liechtenstein : Kraus , Ungezählte Beil.: Suppl , Index 1946/49 ersch. als Monographie u.d.T.: Vingt années d'histoire économique et sociale / Maurice-A. Arnould; 1949/68 u. 1969/88 als Monogr. u.d.T.: Vingt années d'histoire et de sciences humaines; Table analytique 44/48.1989/93=49.1994,6,Suppl.; 49/53.1994/98=54.1999,5,Suppl.; 54/58.1999/2003=59.2004,4,Suppl.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    BSZ
    GBV
  • 21
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Slavic review : interdisciplinary quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies (from 1961-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Washington, DC : Assoc. | Stanford, Calif. : Assoc. | Cambridge, Mass. : Assoc. ; 20.1961,3 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0037-6779 , ISSN 2325-7784 , ISSN 2325-7784
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 20.1961,3 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Slavic review
    Former Title: Vorg. The American Slavic and East European review
    Former Title: American quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies
    DDC: 306.09
    Keywords: Länderbericht ; Osteuropa ; Russland ; USA ; Regionalstudien ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Slawen ; Kultur ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Osteuropa ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Slawische Sprachen ; Zeitschrift ; Slawistik ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Repr.: New York, NY : Johnson , Beteil. Körp. bis 2010,2: American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies
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    Journal/Serial
    KOBV
  • 22
    Book
    Book
    A treatise on social theory (1997-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0521249600 , 0521588014
    Language: English
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Sociology
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    Book
    GBV
  • 23
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Annales : histoire, sciences sociales (from 1946-)
    Paris : Colin | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 1.1946 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-441X , 0395-2649 , 1953-8146 , 1953-8146
    Language: French
    Dates of Publication: 1.1946 -
    Additional Information: Beil. Thèses en lettres et sciences humaines, droit et sciences économiques
    Additional Information: Beil. Thèses en sciences humaines
    Additional Information: Beil. Annales / Cahiers
    Parallel Title: Übersetzt als Annales
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Annales
    Former Title: Vorg. Annales d'histoire sociale
    Former Title: Annales, économies, sociétés, civilisations
    Former Title: économies, sociétés, civilisations
    RVK:
    NA 1000
    RVK:
    AZ 10000
    Keywords: Sozialwissenschaften ; Zeitschrift ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Zweiter Herausgeber früher: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , Repr.: Nendeln, Liechtenstein : Kraus , Ungezählte Beil.: Suppl. , Index 1946/49 ersch. als Monographie u.d.T.: Vingt années d'histoire économique et sociale / Maurice-A. Arnould; 1949/68 u. 1969/88 als Monogr. u.d.T.: Vingt années d'histoire et de sciences humaines; Table analytique 44/48.1989/93=49.1994,6,Suppl.; 49/53.1994/98=54.1999,5,Suppl.; 54/58.1999/2003=59.2004,4,Suppl.
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    HeBIS
  • 24
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Edition Umbruch : Texte zur Kulturpolitik (from 1993-)
    Bielefeld : transcript | Essen : Klartext-Verl. ; 1.1993 -
    Details
    ISSN: 2702-9085 , 2702-9093
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.1993 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Edition Umbruch
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Kulturpolitik
    Note: Teilw. hrsg. von der Kulturpolitschen Gesellschaft, Bonn , Ersch. unregelmäßig
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    MEK Berlin
  • 25
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Friedensgutachten ... (from 1987-)
    Bielefeld : transcript | Frankfurt, M. : HSFK | Münster : IFSH | Münster : Lit | Berlin : Lit ; [1.]1987 - [2.]1988; 3.1989 - 4.1990; [5.]1991 - [7.]1993; 8.1994 - 16.2002; 2003 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0932-7983 , 2751-3866
    Language: German
    Pages: 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: [1.]1987 - [2.]1988; 3.1989 - 4.1990; [5.]1991 - [7.]1993; 8.1994 - 16.2002; 2003 -
    Additional Information: Didaktische Handreichung Friedensgutachten ... didaktisch
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Friedensgutachten ...
    DDC: 320
    RVK:
    MK 3500
    Keywords: Peace Periodicals ; Security, International Periodicals ; Disarmament Periodicals ; Germany (West) Periodicals Foreign relations ; Zeitschrift ; Ost-West-Konflikt ; Weltfriede ; Sicherheitspolitik ; Konfliktforschung ; Friedensforschung
    Note: Reihenfolge d. Urh. wechselt , Ersch. jährl. , Index 1987/2006 in: 20 Jahre Friedensgutachten, 2006
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    DNB
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 26
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Slavic review : interdisciplinary quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies (from 1961-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Washington, DC : Assoc. | Stanford, Calif. : Assoc. | Cambridge, Mass. : Assoc. ; 20.1961,3 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0037-6779 , 2325-7784 , 2325-7784
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 20.1961,3 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Slavic review
    Former Title: Vorg. The American Slavic and East European review
    Former Title: American quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies
    DDC: 306.09
    Keywords: Länderbericht ; Osteuropa ; Russland ; USA ; Regionalstudien ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Slawen ; Kultur ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Osteuropa ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Slawische Sprachen ; Zeitschrift ; Slawistik ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Repr.: New York, NY : Johnson , Beteil. Körp. bis 2010,2: American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies
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    Journal/Serial
    BSZ
    GBV
  • 27
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Social anthropology : the journal of the European Association of Social Anthropologists = Anthropologie sociale (from 1993-)
    New York ; Oxford : Berghahn | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. | Oxford ; Malden, MA : Wiley-Blackwell | Chichester ; Malden, MA : Wiley ; 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-0282 , 1469-8676
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Social anthropology
    Keywords: Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift
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    Journal/Serial
    HU Berlin
    München BSB
    München UB
    Regensburg UB
  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Slavic review : interdisciplinary quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies (1961-)
    Champaign, Ill. : Assoc. | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 20.1961,3 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISSN: 2325-7784 , 0037-6779 , 0037-6779
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 20.1961,3 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Slavic review
    Former Title: Vorg. The American Slavic and East European review
    Former Title: American quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 10.03.2017 , Beteil. Körp. bis 2010,2: American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/slavicreview
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/slavicreview
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/SLR/type/JOURNAL
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/SLR/type/JOURNAL
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/slavicreview
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2029130-9
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/slavic-review
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: http://www.slavicreview.illinois.edu/
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/slavicreview
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Central European history (1968-)
    Leiden [u.a.] : Brill | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 1.1968 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-1616 , 0008-9389 , 0008-9389
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1968 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Central European history
    Keywords: Geschichte ; Mitteleuropa ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation
    Note: Gesehen am 21.01.2016
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?db=30h&jid=%22CUH%22&scope=site
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/centeurohist
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/centeurohist
    URL: http://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/CCC/type/JOURNAL
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/central-european-history
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/centeurohist
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2049699-0
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/central-european-history
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/centeurohist
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  • 30
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    World politics : a quarterly journal of international relations (from 1949-)
    Baltimore, MD : John Hopkins University Press | Princeton, NJ [u.a.] : Univ. Press | Baltimore, Md. : Johns Hopkins Univ. Press | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 1.1948/49(1949) - 60.2007/08; 61.2009 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISSN: 0043-8871 , 1086-3338 , 1086-3338
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1948/49(1949) - 60.2007/08; 61.2009 -
    Additional Information: 14,1=78 von Princeton paperbacks Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press, 1954
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als World politics
    DDC: 320
    RVK:
    PR 1000
    RVK:
    MA 1000
    Keywords: Internationale Beziehungen ; Internationale Politik ; Außenpolitik ; Welt ; Internationale Politik ; Zeitschrift ; Internationale Politik ; Politik ; Weltpolitik ; Internationale Politik ; Außenpolitik ; Sicherheitspolitik
    Note: Repr.: New York, NY : Johnson; Bad Feilnbach : Schmidt Periodicals , Beteil. Körp. 1.1948/49 - 3.1951: Yale Institute of International Studies; früher: Center of International Studies
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  • 31
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oriental publications (from 1956-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 1.1956 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0068-6891
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1956 -
    Additional Information: 34=6 von South Asian archaeology [Wechselnde Verlagsorte], 1973 0066-2011
    Additional Information: 42=8 von Arabian studies Cambridge [u.a.] : Univ. Press, 1974 0305-036X
    Additional Information: 47=3 von Ḥevrah le-ḥeḳer ha-tarbut ha-ʿaravit-ha-yehudit shel yeme ha-benayim Papers read at the ... congress of the Society for Judaeo-Arabic Studies Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1992
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als University of Cambridge oriental publications
    Former Title: University of Cambridge oriental publications
    DDC: 050
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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    DNB
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
    MPI-MMG
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Latin American antiquity (1990-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Washington, DC : Society for American Archaeology ; 1.1990 -
    Details
    ISSN: 2325-5080 , 1045-6635
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1990 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Latin American antiquity
    DDC: 930
    Keywords: Altamerika ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Altamerika ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation
    Note: Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Gesehen am 28.03.2017
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-antiquity
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/latiameranti
    URL: http://find.galegroup.com/openurl/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&res_id=info:sid/gale:IFME&ctx_enc=info:ofi:enc:UTF-8&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.issn=1045-6635&req_dat=info:sid/gale:ugnid:1ibero
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2050681
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-antiquity
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-antiquity
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/latiameranti
    URL: http://find.galegroup.com/openurl/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&res_id=info:sid/gale:IFME&ctx_enc=info:ofi:enc:UTF-8&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.issn=1045-6635&req_dat=info:sid/gale:ugnid:1ibero
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2050681-8
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-antiquity
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/latiameranti
    URL: http://find.galegroup.com/openurl/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&res_id=info:sid/gale:IFME&ctx_enc=info:ofi:enc:UTF-8&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.issn=1045-6635&req_dat=info:sid/gale:ugnid:1ibero
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2050681-8
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-antiquity
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/latiameranti
    URL: http://find.galegroup.com/openurl/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&res_id=info:sid/gale:IFME&ctx_enc=info:ofi:enc:UTF-8&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.issn=1045-6635&req_dat=info:sid/gale:ugnid:1ibero
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2050681-8
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American antiquity (1935-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Washington, DC : Society for American Archaeology ; 1.1935 -
    Details
    ISSN: 2325-5064 , 0002-7316 , 0002-7316
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1935 -
    Additional Information: 18,3,2=9; 20,4,2=10; 22,2,3=12; 22,4,2=13; 23,2,2=14; 23,4,2=15; 24,4,2=16; 26,3,2=17 u.a. von Society for American Archaeology Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology Salt Lake City, Utah [u.a.] : Soc., 1941
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. American antiquity
    DDC: 930
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Amerika ; Archäologie
    Note: Gesehen am 02.03.2017
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-antiquity
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/ameranti
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2050689
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-antiquity
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/ameranti
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2050689
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-antiquity
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-antiquity
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/ameranti
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2050689-2
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-antiquity
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/ameranti
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2050689-2
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-antiquity
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/ameranti
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2050689-2
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Latin American research review : LARR (1965-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Austin, Tex. | Pittsburgh, Pa. : LASA ; 1.1965 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1542-4278 , 0023-8791
    Language: English , Spanish , Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1965 -
    Additional Information: Auch in Prisma
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Latin American research review
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Lateinamerika ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Lateinamerika ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation
    Note: Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Fortsetzung der Druck-Ausgabe , Gesehen am 14.04.2022
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2052199
    URL: http://lasa.international.pitt.edu/eng/larr/index.asp
    URL: https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/226
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/latiamerreserevi
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqm&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=journal&req_dat=xri:pqil:pq_clntid=11547&svc_dat=xri:pqil:context=title&rft_dat=xri:pqd:PMID=2043
    URL: http://find.galegroup.com/openurl/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&res_id=info:sid/gale:IFME&ctx_enc=info:ofi:enc:UTF-8&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.issn=0023-8791&req_dat=info:sid/gale:ugnid:1ibero
    URL: http://lasa.international.pitt.edu/eng/larr/index.asp
    URL: https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/226
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-research-review
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/latiamerreserevi
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqm&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=journal&req_dat=xri:pqil:pq_clntid=11547&svc_dat=xri:pqil:context=title&rft_dat=xri:pqd:PMID=2043
    URL: http://find.galegroup.com/openurl/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&res_id=info:sid/gale:IFME&ctx_enc=info:ofi:enc:UTF-8&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.issn=0023-8791&req_dat=info:sid/gale:ugnid:1ibero
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2052199-6
    URL: http://lasa.international.pitt.edu/eng/larr/index.asp
    URL: https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/226
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-research-review
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/latiamerreserevi
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqm&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=journal&req_dat=xri:pqil:pq_clntid=11547&svc_dat=xri:pqil:context=title&rft_dat=xri:pqd:PMID=2043
    URL: http://find.galegroup.com/openurl/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&res_id=info:sid/gale:IFME&ctx_enc=info:ofi:enc:UTF-8&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.issn=0023-8791&req_dat=info:sid/gale:ugnid:1ibero
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2052199-6
    URL: http://lasa.international.pitt.edu/eng/larr/index.asp
    URL: https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/226
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-research-review
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/latiamerreserevi
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqm&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=journal&req_dat=xri:pqil:pq_clntid=11547&svc_dat=xri:pqil:context=title&rft_dat=xri:pqd:PMID=2043
    URL: http://find.galegroup.com/openurl/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&res_id=info:sid/gale:IFME&ctx_enc=info:ofi:enc:UTF-8&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.issn=0023-8791&req_dat=info:sid/gale:ugnid:1ibero
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2052199-6
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    ASA news : enhancing the exchange of information about Africa (1981-)
    New Brunswick, NJ : ASA | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; Volume 14, no. 1 (January/March 1981)-
    Details
    ISSN: 1942-4949 , 0278-2219
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: Volume 14, no. 1 (January/March 1981)-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als African Studies Association ASA news
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von African studies newsletter
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 23.06.2023 , Fortsetzung der Druck-Ausgabe
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/asa-news
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2380419-1
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/asa-news
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2380419-1
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/asa-news
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2380419-1
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  • 36
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Annales : histoire, sciences sociales (from 1946-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Paris : Colin ; 1.1946 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-441X , 0395-2649 , 1953-8146 , 1953-8146
    Language: French
    Dates of Publication: 1.1946 -
    Additional Information: Beil. Thèses en lettres et sciences humaines, droit et sciences économiques
    Additional Information: Beil. Thèses en sciences humaines
    Additional Information: Beil. Annales / Cahiers
    Parallel Title: Übersetzt als Annales
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Annales
    Former Title: Vorg. Annales d'histoire sociale
    Former Title: Annales, économies, sociétés, civilisations
    Former Title: économies, sociétés, civilisations
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    NA 1000
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsgeschichte ; Welt ; Frankreich ; Geschichtswissenschaft ; Sozialgeschichte ; Interesse ; Geschichte ; Geschichtswissenschaft Sozialgeschichte ; Wirtschaftsgeschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Zeitschrift ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Zweiter Herausgeber früher: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , Repr.: Nendeln, Liechtenstein : Kraus , Ungezählte Beil.: Suppl , Index 1946/49 ersch. als Monographie u.d.T.: Vingt années d'histoire économique et sociale / Maurice-A. Arnould; 1949/68 u. 1969/88 als Monogr. u.d.T.: Vingt années d'histoire et de sciences humaines; Table analytique 44/48.1989/93=49.1994,6,Suppl.; 49/53.1994/98=54.1999,5,Suppl.; 54/58.1999/2003=59.2004,4,Suppl.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Weltkulturen Museum
    BSZ
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Iranian studies (1967-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | [Wechselnde Verlagsorte] | London [u.a.] : Carfax | Colchester : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group ; 1.1967/68 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4819 , 0021-0862
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1967/68 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Iranian studies
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 14.04.2022 , Erscheint vierteljährlich
    URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cist20
    URL: http://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/IRN/type/JOURNAL
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/iranstudies
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2112647
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cist20
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/iranian-studies
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/iranstudies
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2112647-1
    URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cist20
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/iranian-studies
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/iranstudies
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2112647-1
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nationalities papers : the journal of nationalism and ethnicity (1972-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Levitton, Pa. [u.a.] : Carfax Publ. | Philadelphia, Pa. : Taylor & Francis Group ; 1.1972/73 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1465-3923 , 0090-5992
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1972/73 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Nationalities papers
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Nationale Minderheit ; Nationalitätenfrage ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Nachfolgestaaten ; Ethnische Gruppe ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Nationale Minderheit ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Nationale Minderheit ; Nationalitätenfrage ; Zeitschrift ; Sowjetunion ; Sowjetunion ; Osteuropa ; Sowjetunion ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Sowjetunion ; Nationale Minderheit ; Nationalitätenfrage ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Sowjetunion ; Nachfolgestaaten ; Ethnische Gruppe ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Osteuropa ; Nationale Minderheit ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Sowjetunion ; Nationale Minderheit ; Nationalitätenfrage ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 12.05.21 , Urh. anfangs: Association for the Study of the Nationalities (USSR and East Europe)
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?1491362
    URL: http://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/NPS/type/JOURNAL
    URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cnap20
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nationalities-papers
    URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cnap20
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?1491362-8
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nationalities-papers
    URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cnap20
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?1491362-8
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nationalities-papers
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nationalities-papers
    URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cnap20
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?1491362-8
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nationalities-papers
    URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cnap20
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?1491362-8
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Law & social inquiry : journal of the American Bar Foundation (1988-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Chicago, IL : Univ. of Chicago Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. | Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell ; 13.1988 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-4469 , 0897-6546 , 0897-6546
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 13.1988 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Law & social inquiry
    Former Title: Vorg. American Bar Foundation Research journal
    DDC: 340
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; USA ; Rechtssoziologie
    Note: Gesehen am
    DOI: 10.1111/(ISSN)1747-4469
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/(ISSN)1747-4469
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2069317-5
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/law-and-social-inquiry
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/law-and-social-inquiry
    URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/17474469
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/lawsocialinquiry
    URL: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/lsi
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The journal of Asian studies (1956-)
    Durham, NC : Duke University Press | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 16.1956 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-0401 , 0021-9118 , 0021-9118
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 16.1956 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The journal of Asian studies
    Former Title: Vorg The Far Eastern quarterly
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Asien ; Kultur ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Asien ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource
    Note: Gesehen am 06.12.2023
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2002914-7
    URL: https://www.dukeupress.edu/journal-of-asian-studies
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-asian-studies
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jasianstudies
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Women in modern India (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781139055703
    Language: English
    Pages: xix, 290 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: First paperback edition
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe Cambridge Cambridge University Press March 2008 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: The new Cambridge history of India. 4, The evolution of contemporary South Asia volume 2
    Series Statement: The new Cambridge history of India The evolution of contemporary South Asia
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Forbes, Geraldine, 1943- Women in modern India
    DDC: 305.4/0954/09034
    Abstract: In a compelling study of Indian women, Geraldine Forbes considers their recent history from the nineteenth century under colonial rule to the twentieth century after Independence. She begins with the reform movement, established by men to educate women, and demonstrates how education changed women's lives enabling them to take part in public life. Through their own accounts of their lives and activities, she documents the formation of their organisations, their participation in the struggle for freedom, their role in the colonial economy and the development of the women's movement in India since 1947.
    Note: Literaturangaben , Online-Ausgabe:
    DOI: 10.1017/CHOL9780521268127
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521268127
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  • 42
    Book
    Book
    European culture in the Great War : the arts, entertainment, and propaganda, 1914-1918 (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISBN: 0521570158
    Language: English
    Pages: xii,430p.
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Thurston, Gary European culture in the Great War. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 1999 [Rezension]
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Milner, John European culture in the Great War. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 1999 [Rezension]
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Thurston, Gary European culture in the Great War. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 1999 [Rezension]
    Series Statement: Studies in the social and cultural history of modern warfare 6
    DDC: 940.31
    RVK:
    NP 4420
    RVK:
    NP 4425
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Distant suffering : morality, media and politics (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780521573894 , 9780511150364
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (266 p)
    Series Statement: Cambridge Cultural Social Studies
    Parallel Title: Print version Distant Suffering : Morality, Media and Politics
    DDC: 179
    Keywords: Suffering ; Electronic books ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Considers morally acceptable response to images of war, famine etc. brought to us by television
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgements; 1 The politics of pity; 2 Taking sides; 3 The moral spectator; 4 The topic of denunciation; 5 The topic of sentiment; 6 The critique of sentimentalism; 7 The aesthetic topic; 8 Heroes and the accursed; 9 What reality has misfortune?; 10 How realistic is action?; Notes; Index
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    URL: Volltext
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Development of Durkheim's Social Realism (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780521650458
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (342 p)
    Series Statement: Ideas in Context v.55
    Parallel Title: Print version The Development of Durkheim's Social Realism
    DDC: 301
    RVK:
    MR 4000
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Using newly discovered material, this book explores the development of Durkheim's social realism
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; Contents; Acknowledgments; Note on texts and references; Introduction: sociology and its history; Chapter 1 The reform that contained all other reforms; Chapter 2 The subtlety of things; Chapter 3 The perfection of personality; Chapter 4 A l'école des choses; Chapter 5 The yoke of necessity; Conclusion: sociology and irony; References; Index; Ideas in Context
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    URL: Volltext
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  • 45
    Book
    Book
    Women in modern India (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0521653770
    Language: English
    Pages: xix, 290 p , ill , 24 cm.
    Series Statement: The New Cambridge history of India
    DDC: 305.40954
    Keywords: Women History 19th century ; Women History 20th century
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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    GBV
  • 46
    Book
    Book
    Misreading the African landscape : society and ecology in a forest-savanna mosaic (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0521563534 , 0521564999
    Language: English
    Pages: XVIII, 354 S. , Ill. (z.T. farb.), Kt.
    Edition: reprinted
    Series Statement: African studies series 90
    Series Statement: African studies
    DDC: 304.2096652
    RVK:
    WI 8810
    RVK:
    RS 39525
    RVK:
    MS 9622
    RVK:
    LB 65527
    Keywords: Human ecology Guinea ; Forestry and community Guinea ; Forest management Guinea ; Citizen participation
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    BSZ
  • 47
    Book
    Book
    Land mosaics : the ecology of landscapes and regions (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0521479800 , 0521474620
    Language: English
    Pages: XX, 632 S. , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Edition: Repr.
    DDC: 304.23
    RVK:
    RB 10525
    Keywords: Landschaftsökologie
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  • 48
    Book
    Book
    Cultural diversity among twentieth-century foragers : an African perspective (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0521482372
    Language: English
    Pages: XIV, 344 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Edition: Transferred to digital print.
    DDC: 306.0896
    RVK:
    LC 21465
    Keywords: Hunting and gathering societies Africa ; Pluralism (Social sciences) Africa ; Subculture Africa ; Ethnic groups Culture ; Africa ; Afrika ; Wildbeuter
    Note: Bibliography: S. 305-333. - Includes index
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  • 49
    Book
    Book
    Abstract expressionism as cultural critique : dissent during the McCarthy period (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0521434157
    Language: English
    Pages: xv, 232 p , ill., ports , 26 cm
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in American visual culture
    DDC: 759.13/09/045
    Keywords: Abstract expressionism ; Dissident art ; Artists Political activity ; United States Politics and government 1945-1953 ; New York, NY ; Abstrakter Expressionismus ; Kulturkritik ; MacCarthyismus ; Geschichte 1945-1953
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Verlagsangaben
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Verlagsangaben
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mourning in late imperial China : filial piety and the state (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780511572746
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 210 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Karten
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in Chinese history, literature, and institutions
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 393/.9/0951
    RVK:
    BE 8225
    RVK:
    LB 60440
    RVK:
    LC 31440
    RVK:
    PW 9460
    Keywords: Geschichte 1368-1911 ; Alltag, Brauchtum ; Mourning customs / China ; Funeral rites and ceremonies / China ; Filial piety / China ; Trauerritual ; Bestattungsritus ; China / Social life and customs / 1644-1912 ; China ; China ; Bestattungsritus ; Geschichte 1368-1911 ; China ; Trauerritual ; Geschichte 1368-1911
    Abstract: As a conquest dynasty, Qing China's new Manchu leaders desperately needed to legitimize their rule. To win the approval of China's native elites, they developed an ambitious plan to return Confucianism to civil society. Filial piety, the core Confucian value, would once again be upheld by the state, and laborious and time-consuming mourning rituals, the touchstones of a well-ordered Confucian society, would be observed by officials throughout the empire. In this way, the emperor would be following the ancient dictate that he 'govern all-under-heaven with filial piety'. Norman Kutcher's study of mourning looks beneath the rhetoric to demonstrate how the state - unwilling to make the sacrifices that a genuine commitment to proper mourning demanded - quietly but forcefully undermined, not reinvigorated, the Confucian mourning system. With acute sensitivity to language and its changing meanings, Kutcher sheds light on a wide variety of issues that are of interest to historians of late Imperial China
    Description / Table of Contents: Death and the state in imperial China: continuities -- The reorientation of Ming attitudes toward mourning -- The early Qing transformation of mourning practice -- The bureaucratization of the Confucian -- The death of Xiaoxian and the crisis of Qianlong rule -- Death and Chinese society
    Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015)
    DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511572746
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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    München BSB
    Würzburg UB
    BVB
  • 51
    Book
    Book
    Emerging Class in Papua New Guinea: The Telling of Difference (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0521655676
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: X, 179 S.: Ill.
    Edition: 1. Ausg.
    DDC: 305.5/09953
    RVK:
    MS 9750
    RVK:
    RX 70959
    Keywords: Chambri ; Soziale Situation ; Geschlechterrolle ; Soziale Klasse ; Wewak ; Chambri ; Geschlechterrolle ; Wewak ; Soziale Klasse ; Wewak ; Soziale Situation
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    München BSB
    BVB
    HBZ
    Bayreuth UB
  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Congregations in conflict : cultural models of local religious life (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0521594448 , 0521594626
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 267 p) , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2005 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Cavendish, James Congregations in Conflict: Cultural Models of Local Religious Life, by Penny Edgell Becker. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1999, 264 pp. 18.95 2000
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Wilson, John [Rezension von: Becker, Penny Edgell, Congregations in Conflict: Cultural Models of Local Religious Life] 2000
    Parallel Title: Print version Congregations in Conflict : Cultural Models of Local Religious Life
    DDC: 306.6/5/0973
    Keywords: Church controversies Case studies History 20th century ; Church controversies ; United States ; History ; 20th century ; Case studies ; Electronic books ; United States Case studies Religious life and customs
    Abstract: This book examines the nature of American congregations as institutions, looking in particular at how they deal with conflict within their ranks, to gain insight into religious culture
    Description / Table of Contents: Cover; Half-title; Title; Copyright; Dedication; CONTENTS; TABLES; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS; 1 WHO WE AREŽ AND HOW WE DO THINGS HEREŽ: LOCAL UNDERSTANDINGS OF MISSION AND IDENTITY; 2 THE CONGREGATIONS OF OAK PARK, RIVER FOREST, AND FOREST PARK; 3 HOUSES OF WORSHIP; 4 FAMILY CONGREGATIONS; 5 COMMUNITY CONGREGATIONS; 6 LEADER CONGREGATIONS; 7 MIXED CONGREGATIONS; 8 AN INSTITUTIONAL APPROACH TO LOCAL CULTURE; 9 AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL RELIGION; APPENDIX A DATA AND METHODS; APPENDIX B THE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS; REFERENCES; INDEX
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (252-264) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    URL: Volltext
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Investing in health : development effectiveness in the health, nutrition, and population sector (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821343106
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xix, 71 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Operations evaluation study
    DDC: 362.1/09172/4
    Keywords: World Bank Evaluation ; World Bank Evaluation ; Nutrition policy Developing countries ; Evaluation ; Public health International cooperation ; Public health administration Evaluation ; Nutrition policy Developing countries ; Evaluation ; Public health International cooperation ; Public health administration Evaluation ; Developing countries Population policy ; Evaluation ; Developing countries Population policy ; Evaluation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-69)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 54
    Book
    Book
    The power of human rights : international norms and domestic change (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
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    Details
    ISBN: 9780521650939 , 9780521658829 , 0521650933 , 0521658829
    Language: English
    Pages: XII, 318 Seiten , Illustrationen , 23 cm
    Edition: First published
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in international relations 66
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in international relations
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The power of human rights
    DDC: 323
    RVK:
    MD 4700
    RVK:
    PK 280
    RVK:
    PR 2213
    Keywords: Human rights ; Human rights ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Menschenrecht ; Internationale Norm ; Durchsetzung ; Innenpolitik ; Politischer Wandel ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Note: Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke , Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 279 - 310 , Socialization of international human rights norms into domestic practices: introduction , International norms and domestic politics in Chile and Guatemala , Transnational activism and political change in Kenya and Uganda , Long and winding road: international norms and domestic political change in South Africa , Changing discourse: transnational advocacy networks in Tunisia and Morocco , Linking the unlinkable? International norms and nationalism in Indonesia and the Philippines , International human rights norms and domestic change: conclusions
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 55
    Book
    Book
    Bringing the state back in (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
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    Details
    ISBN: 0521313139 , 9780521313131
    Language: English
    Pages: x, 390 Seiten
    Edition: Reprinted
    Series Statement: Social science research council
    Keywords: Political ; sociology ; State, ; The
    Note: Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Organizing Women in Contemporary Russia : Engendering Transition (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    Details
    ISBN: 9780511150012
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (315 pages)
    DDC: 305.420947
    RVK:
    KK 1040
    Keywords: Frau ; Soziale Situation ; Organisation ; Russland
    Abstract: A rich and clearly-written analysis of the women's movement in contemporary Russia.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cultures of Inquiry : From Epistemology to Discourse in Sociohistorical Research (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    Details
    ISBN: 9780511150388
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (330 pages)
    DDC: 301.01
    RVK:
    MR 3100
    Keywords: Sozialwissenschaften ; Kulturwissenschaften ; Methodologie
    Abstract: An overview of research methodologies in social science, historical and cultural studies which proposes transdisciplinary approach.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Congregations in Conflict : Cultural Models of Local Religious Life (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    Details
    ISBN: 9780511151996
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (281 pages)
    DDC: 306.60973
    RVK:
    MS 6575
    Keywords: Wirtschaftstheorie ; Religionssoziologie ; Kongregationalismus ; Religiöses Leben
    Abstract: This book examines the nature of American congregations as institutions.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Food and Society in Classical Antiquity (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    Details
    ISBN: 9781139145961
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (191 pages)
    Series Statement: Key Themes in Ancient History
    DDC: 641.300938
    RVK:
    NH 5285
    RVK:
    FB 4090
    RVK:
    LC 17000
    RVK:
    NH 5250
    RVK:
    NH 5290
    Keywords: Antike ; Essgewohnheit ; Lebensmittelversorgung ; Griechenland ; Römisches Reich
    Abstract: A general study of food in antiquity, broadly based and comprehensive.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identity without Selfhood : Simone de Beauvoir and Bisexuality (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    Details
    ISBN: 9780511150371
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (228 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge Cultural Social Studies
    DDC: 306.766
    RVK:
    IH 15601
    RVK:
    MS 2850
    RVK:
    MS 3150
    Keywords: Beauvoir, Simone de ; Bisexualität ; Selbst ; Geschlechtsidentität
    Abstract: A post-structuralist-queer theory of the self drawing on representations of de Beauvoir and her bisexuality, first published in 1999.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Emerging Class in Papua New Guinea : The Telling of Difference (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    Details
    ISBN: 9780511156373
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (191 pages)
    DDC: 305.509953
    RVK:
    MS 9750
    Keywords: Elite ; Soziale Schichtung ; Sozialer Wandel ; Wewak ; Papua-Neuguinea
    Abstract: This 1999 book examines the emergence and ramifications of class in an urban setting in Papua New Guinea.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Television and its Viewers : Cultivation Theory and Research (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    Details
    ISBN: 9780511152054
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (283 pages)
    DDC: 302.2345
    Abstract: This book investigates the relationship between exposure to television and beliefs about the world.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Migration and Colonization in Human Microevolution (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    Details
    ISBN: 9780511152566
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (254 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology v.24
    DDC: 599.938
    RVK:
    MS 1560
    RVK:
    WU 3000
    Keywords: Populationsgenetik ; Mikroevolution ; Mensch
    Abstract: An integrative approach linking the causes of migration to genetic consequences for human evolution.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics 1998 (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821343211 , 9780821343210
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (421 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics
    Abstract: The 1998 Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics, the tenth anniversary, was held at the Bank on April 20-21, 1998. The discussions focused on four areas of inquiry:1) the role of geography in countries'success, 2) the role of effective competition and regulatory policies, 3) the causes of financial crises and ways to prevent them, and 4) the effects of ethnic diversity on democracy and growth. The welcoming address by World Bank President James D. Wolfensohn, the opening remarks by chief Economist Joseph Stiglitz, and the tenth anniversary address by the International Monetary Fund Deputy Managing Director Stanley Fischer all focused both on the role of the conference and on the changing perspectives for development
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Emerging stock markets factbook 1999 (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 082134403X , 9780821344033
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (300 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This thirteenth annual survey of emerging stock markets, prepared by the Emerging Markets Group of the International Finance Corporation (IFC), provides essential coverage of stock market characteristics for the 45 markets covered by the IFC's three highly regarded stock market indexes--the Global, Investable, and Frontier Index series
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Public Choices between Lifesaving Programs : How Important Are Lives Saved? (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (78 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Cropper, Maureen Public Choices between Lifesaving Programs
    Keywords: Air Quality and Clean Air ; Breast Cancer ; Brown Issues and Health ; Children ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Health ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Health ; Health Care ; Health Education ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health Services ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Implementation ; Industrial Pollution ; Industry ; Insurance and Risk Mitigation ; Internet ; Knowledge ; Ozone ; Population Policies ; Public Health ; Risks ; Screening ; Smokers ; Smoking ; Strategy ; Water Pollution ; Water Resources ; Water and Industry ; Workplace ; Air Quality and Clean Air ; Breast Cancer ; Brown Issues and Health ; Children ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Health ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Health ; Health Care ; Health Education ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health Services ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Implementation ; Industrial Pollution ; Industry ; Insurance and Risk Mitigation ; Internet ; Knowledge ; Ozone ; Population Policies ; Public Health ; Risks ; Screening ; Smokers ; Smoking ; Strategy ; Water Pollution ; Water Resources ; Water and Industry ; Workplace
    Abstract: August 1995 - Do funding priorities for health and safety policies reflect irrational fears? the disaster of the month - rather than address more fundamental problems? A thousand people were surveyed to gauge popular feelings about funding choices between environmental and public health programs. In developing and industrial countries alike, there is concern that health and safety policy may respond to irrational fears - to the disaster of the month - rather than address more fundamental problems. In the United States, for example, some policymakers say the public worries about trivial risks while ignoring larger ones and that funding priorities reflect this view. Many public health programs with a low cost per life saved are underfunded, for example, while many environmental regulations with a high cost per life saved are issued each year. Does the existing allocation of resources reflect people's preoccupation with the qualitative aspects of risks, to the exclusion of quantitative factors (lives saved)? Or can observed differences in the cost per life saved of environmental and public health programs be explained by the way the two sets of programs are funded? Cropper and Subramanian examine the preferences of U.S. citizens for health and safety programs. They confronted a random sample of 1,000 U.S. adults with choices between environmental health and public health programs, to see which they would choose. The authors then examined what factors (qualitative and quantitative) seem to influence these choices. Respondents were asked about pairs of programs, among them: smoking education or industrial pollution control programs, industrial pollution control or pneumonia vaccine programs, radon eradication or a program to ban smoking in the workplace, and radon eradication or programs to ban pesticides. The survey results, they feel, have implications beyond the United States. They find that, while qualitative aspects of the life-saving programs are statistically significant in explaining people's choices among them, lives saved matter, too. Indeed, for the median respondent in the survey, the rate of substitution between most qualitative risk characteristics and lives saved is inelastic. But for a sizable minority of respondents, choice among programs appears to be insensitive to lives saved. The interesting question for public policy is what role the latter group plays in the regulatory process. This paper - a joint product of the Environment, Infrastructure, and Agriculture Division, Policy Research Department, and the Environment and Natural Resources Division, Asia Technical Department - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to see what can be learned about efficient environmental policy by examining the U.S. experience with environmental regulation. The authors may be contacted at mcropperworldbank.org or usubramanian@worldbank.org
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    The Dynamics of Poverty : Why Some People Escape from Poverty and Others Don't?An African Case Study (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Kanbur, Ravi The Dynamics of Poverty
    Keywords: Chronically Poor ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Debt Markets ; Economic Policies ; Economic Theory and Research ; Farm Size ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Household Income ; Household Size ; Household Welfare ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Human Capital ; Incidence Of Poverty ; Income ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; New Poor ; Nonfarm Income ; Old Age ; Poor People ; Poverty ; Poverty Diagnostics ; Poverty Incidence ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural ; Rural Areas ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Targeting ; Temporarily Poor ; Transfers ; Chronically Poor ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Debt Markets ; Economic Policies ; Economic Theory and Research ; Farm Size ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Household Income ; Household Size ; Household Welfare ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Human Capital ; Incidence Of Poverty ; Income ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; New Poor ; Nonfarm Income ; Old Age ; Poor People ; Poverty ; Poverty Diagnostics ; Poverty Incidence ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural ; Rural Areas ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Targeting ; Temporarily Poor ; Transfers
    Abstract: August 1995 - In urban areas of Côte d'Ivoire, human capital is the endowment that best explains welfare changes over time. In rural areas, physical capital - especially the amount of land and farm equipment owned - matters most. Empirical investigations of poverty in developing countries tend to focus on the incidence of poverty at a particular point in time. If the incidence of poverty increases, however, there is no information about how many new poor have joined the existing poor and how many people have escaped poverty. Yet this distinction is of crucial policy importance. The chronically poor may need programs to enhance their human and physical capital endowments. Invalids and the very old may need permanent (targeted) transfers. The temporarily poor, on the other hand, may best be helped with programs that complement their own resources and help them bridge a difficult period. Results from analyses of panel surveys show significant mobility into and out of poverty and reveal a dynamism of the poor that policy should stimulate. Understanding what separates chronic from temporary poverty requires knowing which characteristics differentiate those who escape poverty from those who don't. In earlier work, Grootaert, Kanbur, and Oh found that region of residence and socioeconomic status were important factors. In this paper they investigate the role of other household characteristics, especially such asset endowments as human and physical capital, in the case of Côte d'Ivoire. In urban areas of Côte d'Ivoire, human capital is the most important endowment explaining welfare changes over time. Households with well-educated members suffered less loss of welfare than other households. What seems to have mattered, though, is the skills learned through education, not the diplomas obtained. Diplomas may even have worked against some households in having oriented workers too much toward a formal labor market in a time when employment growth came almost entirely from small enterprises. In rural areas, physical capital - especially the amount of land and farm equipment owned - mattered most. Smallholders were more likely to suffer welfare declines. Households with diversified sources of income managed better, especially if they had an important source of nonfarm income. In both rural and urban areas, larger households suffered greater declines in welfare and households that got larger were unable to increase income enough to maintain their former welfare level. Households whose heads worked in the public sector maintained welfare better than other households, a finding that confirms earlier observations. The results also suggest that government policies toward certain regions or types of household can outweigh the effects of household endownments. Surprisingly, migrant non-Ivorian households tended to be better at preventing welfare losses than Ivorian households, while households headed by women did better than those headed by men (after controlling for differences in or changes in endowment). The implications for policymakers? First, education is associated with higher welfare levels and helps people cope better with economic decline. Second, targeting the social safety net to larger households - possibly through the schools, to reach children - is justified in periods of decline. Third, smallholders might be targeted in rural areas, and ways found to encourage diversification of income there. This paper - a joint product of the Social Policy and Resettlement Division, Environment Department, and the Africa Regional Office, Office of the Chief Economist - is the result of a research project on The Dynamics of Poverty: Why Some People Escape Poverty and Others Don't, A Panel Analysis for Côte d'Ivoire (RPO 678-70)
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    Africa's Growth Tragedy : A Retrospective, 1960 - 89 (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (44 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Levine, Ross Africa's Growth Tragedy
    Keywords: Black Market ; Business Cycle ; Country Regressions ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Educational Attainment ; Exchange Rate ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Development ; Financial Sector ; Financial Systems ; Growth ; Growth Performance ; Growth Rate ; Growth Rates ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Inequality ; Long-Run Growth ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Nutrition ; Per Capita Income ; Policy Change ; Policy Research ; Political Instability ; Political Stability ; Poor Countries ; Poor Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Black Market ; Business Cycle ; Country Regressions ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Educational Attainment ; Exchange Rate ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Development ; Financial Sector ; Financial Systems ; Growth ; Growth Performance ; Growth Rate ; Growth Rates ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Inequality ; Long-Run Growth ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Nutrition ; Per Capita Income ; Policy Change ; Policy Research ; Political Instability ; Political Stability ; Poor Countries ; Poor Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth
    Abstract: August 1995 - Problems associated with Sub-Saharan Africa's slow growth are low school attainment, political instability, poorly developed financial systems, large black-market exchange-rate premia, large government deficits, and inadequate infrastructure. Improving policies alone boosts growth substantially. But if neighboring countries adopt a policy change together, the effects on growth are more than double what they would have been if one country had acted alone. Africa's economic history since 1960 fits the classical definition of tragedy: potential unfulfilled, with disastrous consequences. Easterly and Levine use one methodology - cross-country regressions - to account for Sub-Saharan Africa's growth performance over the past 30 years and to suggest policies to promote growth over the next 30 years. They statistically quantify the relationship between long-run growth and a wider array of factors than any previous study. They consider such standard variables as initial income to capture convergence effects, schooling, political stability, and indicators of monetary, fiscal, trade, exchange rate, and financial sector policies. They also consider such new measures as infrastructure development, cultural diversity, and economic spillovers from neighbors' growth. Their analysis: ° Improves substantially on past attempts to account for the growth experience of Sub-Saharan African countries. ° Shows that low school attainment, political instability, poorly developed financial systems, large black-market exchange-rate premia, large government deficits, and inadequate infrastructure are associated with slow growth. ° Finds that Africa's ethnic diversity tends to slow growth and reduce the likelihood of adopting good policies. ° Identifies spillovers of growth performance between neighboring countries. The spillover effects of growth have implications for policy strategy. Improving policies alone boosts growth substantially, but if neighboring countries act together, the effects on growth are much greater. Specifically, the results suggest that the effect of neighbors' adopting a policy change is 2.2 times greater than if a single country acted alone. This paper - a joint product of the Macroeconomics and Growth Division and the Finance and Private Sector Development Division, Policy Research Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to understand the link between policies and growth. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Patterns of Growth (RPO 678-26)
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    Mutual Funds and Institutional Investments : What Is the Most Efficient Way to Set Up Individual Accounts in a Social Security System? (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (65 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: James, Estelle Mutual Funds and Institutional Investments
    Keywords: Administrative Costs ; Bank ; Contribution ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Industry ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Markets ; Financial Sustainability ; Individual Accounts ; Investment ; Investment Companies ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investments ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Money ; Money Market ; Mutual Fund ; Mutual Funds ; Populations ; Private Sector Development ; Research Assistance ; Retirement ; Retirement Benefits ; Saving ; Social Security ; Administrative Costs ; Bank ; Contribution ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Industry ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Markets ; Financial Sustainability ; Individual Accounts ; Investment ; Investment Companies ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investments ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Money ; Money Market ; Mutual Fund ; Mutual Funds ; Populations ; Private Sector Development ; Research Assistance ; Retirement ; Retirement Benefits ; Saving ; Social Security
    Abstract: April 1999 - Among three options for constructing funded social security pillars, one system - individual accounts invested in the institutional market, with constrained choice among investment companies - appears to offer reduced administrative and marketing costs, significant worker choice, and more insulation from political interference than a single centralized fund or individual investments in the retail market would offer. One of the main criticisms of the defined-contribution, individual-account components of social security systems is that they are too expensive. James, Ferrier, Smalhout, and Vittas investigate the cost-effectiveness of three options for constructing funded social security pillars: ° Individual accounts invested in the retail market with relatively open choice. ° Individual accounts invested in the institutional market with constrained choice among investment companies. ° A centralized fund without individual accounts or differentiated investments across individuals. The authors asked several questions: What is the most cost-effective way to organize a system with mandatory individual accounts? How does the cost of an efficient individual account system compare with that of a single centralized fund? And are the cost differentials great enough to outweigh other important considerations? The authors concentrate on countries with well-functioning financial markets, such as the United States, but make comparative references to developing countries. Based on empirical evidence about U.S. mutual and institutional funds, the authors found that the retail market (option 1) allows individual investors to benefit from scale economies in asset management-but at the cost of the high marketing expenses needed to attract large pools of small investments. By contrast, a centralized fund (option 3) can be much cheaper because it achieves scale economies without high marketing costs. But it gives workers no choice and is subject to political manipulation and misallocation of capital. The system of constrained choice (option 2) is much cheaper than the retail option and only slightly more expensive than a single centralized fund. It allows scale economies in asset management and record-keeping while incurring low marketing costs and allowing significant worker choice. It is also more effectively insulated from political interference than a single centralized fund. The authors estimate that option 2 would cost only 0.14 percent-0.18 percent of assets annually. Such large administrative cost savings imply a Pareto improvement-so long as choice is not constrained too much. This paper-a product of Poverty and Human Resources and Finance, Development Research Group-was prepared for a National Bureau of Economic Research Conference on Social Security held on December 4, 1998. The authors may be contacted at ejames3worldbank.org or dvittas@worldbank.org
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    Approaches to Liberalizing Services (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (100 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Stephenson, M. Sherry Approaches to Liberalizing Services
    Keywords: Barriers ; Commodities ; Common Market ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Developing Countries ; Developing Country ; Developing Economies ; Economic Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Foreign Competition ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Free Trade Agreement ; Free Trade Agreements ; Future ; Housing and Human Habitats ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Intangible ; Interest ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Law and Development ; Liberalization ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Access ; Output ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Integration ; Share ; Trade ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Services ; Barriers ; Commodities ; Common Market ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Developing Countries ; Developing Country ; Developing Economies ; Economic Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Foreign Competition ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Free Trade Agreement ; Free Trade Agreements ; Future ; Housing and Human Habitats ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Intangible ; Interest ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Law and Development ; Liberalization ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Access ; Output ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Integration ; Share ; Trade ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Services
    Abstract: May 1999 - Liberalization of services at the subregional level has followed two broad approaches-the GATS model and the NAFTA model-neither of which automatically guarantees the full liberalization of trade in services. The question that participants in integration efforts at both the subregional and the broader regional level must ask is what kind of approach to liberalizing services offers both maximum transparency and the greatest degree of nondiscrimination for service suppliers. Only since completion of the Uruguay Round have developing countries in East Asia and the Western Hemisphere shown interest in liberalizing services. Ambitious efforts are now being made to incorporate services in liberalization objectives of both subregional and regional integration efforts, including in the Asia-Pacific region under APEC and in the Western Hemisphere under the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) process. At the subregional level, member countries of both ASEAN (in East Asia) and MERCOSUR (in Latin America) have chosen to follow the liberalization model set forth in the World Trade Organization's (WTO) General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), and to open their services markets gradually and piecemeal. In the Western Hemisphere, Mexico has successfully promoted the NAFTA model of a more comprehensive liberalization of services markets-and several Latin American countries have adopted the same approach. Regionally, APEC has chosen a concerted voluntary approach to liberalizing services markets. Within the Western Hemisphere, participants are defining which approach they will use in the negotiations on services launched as part of the FTAA in April 1998. In all these efforts, a stated desire to promote more efficient services markets is often hindered by reluctance to open services markets rapidly or comprehensively because of historically entrenched protectionism in the sector and ignorance of the regulatory measures that impede trade in services. Presumably it would be easier to liberalize services at the subregional level, among countries at similar stages of development (although liberalization's economic value there might be questioned). Liberalizing services at the broader regional level is a difficult and ambitious goal, given the diversity of countries involved in such efforts. Thus liberalization will probably move more slowly at the regional than at the subregional level-perhaps even more slowly than at the multilateral level. It is possible that the new round of multilateral talks on services scheduled to begin under the WTO in 2000 may well eclipse the recently begun regional efforts. This paper-a product of Trade, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to assist developing countries in the multilateral trade negotiations. The author may be contacted at sstephensonoas.org
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    Fiscal Management in Federal Democracies : Argentina and Brazil (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (43 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Webb, B. Steven Fiscal Management in Federal Democracies
    Keywords: Bailouts ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Creditors ; Debt Markets ; Deficits ; Developing Countries ; Domestic Debt ; Emerging Markets ; External Debts ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Decentralization ; Fiscal Deficits ; Inflation ; Interest ; Levy ; Macroeconomic Stabilization ; Monetary Fund ; Municipal Financial Management ; Private Sector Development ; Public Finances ; Public Sector Deficits ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public Spending ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Return ; Revenue ; Tax ; Urban Development ; Urban Economics ; Bailouts ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Creditors ; Debt Markets ; Deficits ; Developing Countries ; Domestic Debt ; Emerging Markets ; External Debts ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Decentralization ; Fiscal Deficits ; Inflation ; Interest ; Levy ; Macroeconomic Stabilization ; Monetary Fund ; Municipal Financial Management ; Private Sector Development ; Public Finances ; Public Sector Deficits ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public Spending ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Return ; Revenue ; Tax ; Urban Development ; Urban Economics
    Abstract: May 1999 - Argentina and Brazil-two of the most decentralized public sectors in Latin America and (along with Colombia and India) among the most decentralized democracies in the developing world-faced similar problems in the 1980s: excessive public deficits and high inflation exacerbated by subnational deficits. In the 1990s, Argentina was more successful at macroeconomic stabilization, partly because it imposed harder budget constraints on the public sector nationally and partly because it had stronger party control of both national legislators and subnational governments. In shifting to decentralized public finances, a country's central government faces certain fiscal management problems. First, during and soon after the transition, unless it reduces spending or increases its own tax resources, the central government tends to have higher deficits as it shifts fiscal resources to subnational governments through transfers, revenue sharing, or delegation of tax bases. Reducing spending is hard not only because cuts are always hard but because subnational governments might not take on expected tasks, leaving the central government with a legal or political obligation to continue spending for certain services. Second, after decentralization, the local or state government faces popular pressure to spend more and tax less, creating the tendency to run deficits. This tendency can be a problem if subnational governments and their creditors expect or rely on bailouts by the central government. Econometric evidence from 32 large industrial and developing countries indicates that higher subnational spending and deficits lead to greater national deficits. Dillinger and Webb investigate how, and how successfully, Argentina and Brazil dealt with these problems in the 1990s. In both countries, subnational governments account for about half of public spending and are vigorous democracies in most (especially the largest) jurisdictions. The return to democracy in the 1980s revived and strengthened long-standing federal practices while weakening macroeconomic performance, resulting in unsustainable fiscal deficits, high inflation, sometimes hyperinflation, and low or negative growth. Occasional stabilization plans failed within a few years. Then Argentina (in 1991) and Brazil (in 1994) introduced successful stabilization plans. National issues were important in preventing and then bringing about macroeconomic stabilization, but so were intergovernmental fiscal relations and the fiscal management of subnational governments. State deficits and federal transfers were often out of control in the 1980s, contributing to national macroeconomic problems. Stabilization programs in the 1990s needed to establish control, and self-control, over subnational spending and borrowing. This paper-a product of Poverty Reduction and Economic Management, Latin America and the Caribbean Region-is part of the LCR regional studies program on fiscal decentralization in Latin America. The authors may be contacted at wdillingerworldbank.org or swebb@worldbank.org
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    Access to Land in Rural India (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (56 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Mearns, Robin Access to Land in Rural India
    Keywords: Agrarian Structure ; Agriculture ; Common Property Resource Development ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Countries ; Farm Size ; Farmland ; Land ; Land Administration ; Land Distribution ; Land Markets ; Land Ownership ; Land Records ; Land Reform ; Land Reforms ; Land Registration ; Land Rights ; Land Tenure ; Land Transfers ; Land Use and Policies ; Land and Real Estate Development ; Landlessness ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Municipal Housing and Land ; Political Economy ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Public Access To Land ; Public Land ; Public Sector Management and Reform ; Real Estate Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Agrarian Structure ; Agriculture ; Common Property Resource Development ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Countries ; Farm Size ; Farmland ; Land ; Land Administration ; Land Distribution ; Land Markets ; Land Ownership ; Land Records ; Land Reform ; Land Reforms ; Land Registration ; Land Rights ; Land Tenure ; Land Transfers ; Land Use and Policies ; Land and Real Estate Development ; Landlessness ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Municipal Housing and Land ; Political Economy ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Public Access To Land ; Public Land ; Public Sector Management and Reform ; Real Estate Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction ; Rural Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: May 1999 - Access to land is deeply important in rural India, where the incidence of poverty is highly correlated with lack of access to land. The author provides a framework for assessing alternative approaches to improving access to land by India's rural poor. He considers India's record implementing land reform and identifies an approach that includes incremental reforms in public land administration to reduce transaction costs in land markets (thereby facilitating land transfers) and to increase transparency, making information accessible to the public to ensure that socially excluded groups benefit. Reducing constraints on access to land for the rural poor and socially excluded requires five key issues: restrictions on land-lease markets, the fragmentation of holdings, the widespread failure to translate women's legal rights into practice, poor access to (and encroachment on) the commons, and high transaction costs for land transfers. Among guidelines for policy reform the author suggests: -Selectively deregulate land-lease (rental) markets, because rental markets may be important in giving the poor access to land. -Reduce transaction costs in land markets, including both official costs and informal costs (such as bribes to expedite transactions), partly by improving systems for land registration and management of land records. -Critically reassess land administration agencies and find ways to improve incentive structures, to reduce rent-seeking and base promotions on performance. -Promote women's independent land rights through policy measures to increase women's bargaining power within the household and in society generally. -Improve transparency of land administration and public access to information, to reduce rent-seeking by land administration officers and to strengthen poor people's land rights (and knowledge thereof). -Strengthen institutions in civil society to provide the awareness, monitoring, and pressure needed for successful reform and to provide checks and balances on inappropriate uses of state power. -In a companion paper (WPS 2124) the author addresses these issues at the level of a particular state - Orissa, one of India ' s poorest states - in an empirical study, from a transaction costs perspective, of social exclusion and land administration. This paper - a product of the Rural Development Sector Unit, South Asia Region - is part of a larger effort in the region to promote access to land and to foster more demand-driven and socially inclusive institutions in rural development
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    Hungary's Integration into European Union Markets : Production and Trade Restructuring (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (33 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Kaminski, Bartlomiej Hungary's Integration into European Union Markets
    Keywords: Access to Markets ; Agribusiness and Markets ; Agriculture ; Capital ; Central Planning ; Comparative Advantage ; Competitive Markets ; Competitiveness ; Debt Markets ; Economic Relations ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; GDP ; General System Of Preferences ; Goods ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Public Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Shares ; Trade ; Trade Barriers ; Trade Policy ; Transition Economies ; Transition Economy ; Value ; Water Resources ; Water and Industry ; Access to Markets ; Agribusiness and Markets ; Agriculture ; Capital ; Central Planning ; Comparative Advantage ; Competitive Markets ; Competitiveness ; Debt Markets ; Economic Relations ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; GDP ; General System Of Preferences ; Goods ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Public Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Shares ; Trade ; Trade Barriers ; Trade Policy ; Transition Economies ; Transition Economy ; Value ; Water Resources ; Water and Industry
    Abstract: June 1999 - Can Hungarian firms cope with competitive pressures and market forces within the European Union market (a criterion for joining)? The empirical evidence suggests that Hungary can withstand such competitive pressures without suppressing the real incomes of Hungary's citizens. Hungary has achieved impressive results in reorienting both its production and trade. Between 1989 and 1992, as the former CMEA markets collapsed and Hungary liberalized imports and the exchange rate regime, exports to the European Union (EU) expanded, with manufactured exports redirected largely to Western (mostly EU) markets. During this first phase of expansion, characterized by a dramatic reorientation and explosion of trade, the value of Hungary's exports increased 84 percent. In 1993 export expansion lost steam and EU-oriented exports fell 12 percent. In a second phase of expansion (in 1994-97), driven by restructured and rapidly changing export offers, exports again registered strong performance, their value increasing 132 percent. There was a dramatic shift from an export basket dominated by resource-intensive, low-value-added products to one driven by manufactures, with a rapidly accelerating growth of engineering products. Machinery and transport equipment rose from 12 percent of exports to the EU in 1989 to more than 50 percent in 1997. The shift from natural resource and unskilled-labor-intensive products to technology- and capital-intensive products in EU-oriented exports suggests the potential for integration higher in the value-added spectrum. More stringent EU environmental regulations will affect a relatively low, and falling, share of Hungary's exports. The Hungarian share of environmentally dirty products imported by the EU has increased, but these products have not been trendsetters among Hungarian exports, their share in exports falling from 26 percent in 1989 to 16 percent in 1996. The rapid pace of Hungary's turnaround seems to reflect the emergence of second-generation firms, mostly foreign-owned. Foreign-owned firms tend to be more export-oriented. Hungary has been one of the more successful transition economies because its economy was receptive to foreign direct investment from the outset. Between 1990 and 1997, Hungary absorbed roughly half of all foreign capital invested in Central Europe. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study regional integration. The author may be contacted at bkaminskiworldbank.org
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    The Slippery Slope : Explaining the Increase in Extreme Poverty in Urban Brazil, 1976 96 (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (78 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Barros, de Paes Ricardo The Slippery Slope
    Keywords: Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Extreme Poverty ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Formal Safety Nets ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Composition ; Household Income ; Household Per Capita Income ; Income ; Income Distribution ; Income Inequality ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Measures ; Poor ; Poor Households ; Population Policies ; Poverty Incidence ; Poverty Indices ; Poverty Line ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Measures ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Social Protections and Labor ; Unemployment ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Extreme Poverty ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Formal Safety Nets ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Composition ; Household Income ; Household Per Capita Income ; Income ; Income Distribution ; Income Inequality ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Measures ; Poor ; Poor Households ; Population Policies ; Poverty Incidence ; Poverty Indices ; Poverty Line ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Measures ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Social Protections and Labor ; Unemployment
    Abstract: October 1999 - During the turbulent years 1976-96, aggregate data for Brazil appear to show only small changes in mean income, inequality, and incidence of poverty - suggesting little change in the distribution of income. But a small group of urban households - excluded from formal labor markets and safety nets - was trapped in indigence. Based on welfare measured in terms of income alone, the poorest part of urban Brazil has experienced two lost decades. Despite tremendous macroeconomic instability in Brazil, the country's distributions of urban income in 1976 and 1996 appear, at first glance, deceptively similar. Mean household income per capita was stagnant, with minute accumulated growth (4.3 percent) over the two decades. The Gini coefficient hovered just above 0.59 in both years, and the incidence of poverty (relative to a poverty line of R
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    Is African Manufacturing Skill-Constrained? (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (26 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Pack, Howard Is African Manufacturing Skill-Constrained?
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Agriculture ; Capital ; Costs ; Development ; Distribution ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Competition ; Foreign Direct Investment ; GDP ; Goods ; Human Capital ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Incentives ; Industry ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Inputs ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomic Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; National Economy ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Production Function ; Productivity Growth ; Real Exchange Rates ; Small Scale Enterprises ; Technology Industry ; Theory ; Total Factor Productivity ; Variables ; Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Agriculture ; Capital ; Costs ; Development ; Distribution ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Competition ; Foreign Direct Investment ; GDP ; Goods ; Human Capital ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Incentives ; Industry ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Inputs ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomic Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; National Economy ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Production Function ; Productivity Growth ; Real Exchange Rates ; Small Scale Enterprises ; Technology Industry ; Theory ; Total Factor Productivity ; Variables
    Abstract: October 1999 - Continued efforts to develop high-level industrial skills in Sub-Saharan African countries may be wasteful without a more competitive environment in the industrial sector. But lack of such skills may limit the benefits to the industrial sector from future liberalization. As a result, the supply response to improved incentives may be weak. Total factor productivity has been low in most of Sub-Saharan Africa. It is often said that the binding constraint on African industrial development is the inadequate supply of technologically capable workers. And many cross-country studies imply that the low level of human capital in Africa is an important source of low growth in per capita income. The results of Pack and Paxson's study do not necessarily conflict with this view. They indicate that in noncompetitive industrial sectors with little inflow of new technology, the contribution of technological abilities, however it is measured, is limited. If liberalization of the economy generated greater competition, or if export growth were accelerated - permitting the import of inputs embodying new technology - local skills could contribute significantly more in raising output. The experience of other countries also suggests that as the economy opens to flows of international knowledge - whether through technology transfers or through informal transfers from purchasers of exports - the technological capacity of local industry becomes important. The policy implications of this analysis are clear: Without the prospect of a more competitive environment, continued efforts to develop high-level industrial skills may be wasteful. But the absence of such skills may limit the benefits to the industrial sector from future liberalization, as a result of which the supply response to improved incentives may be weak. This paper - a product of Public Economics, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze the effect of public policies on industrial productivity. The authors may be contacted at packhwharton.upenn.edu or cpaxson@wws.princeton.edu
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    Corruption and Trade Tariffs, or a Case for Uniform Tariffs (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (22 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Gatti, Roberta Corruption and Trade Tariffs, or a Case for Uniform Tariffs
    Keywords: Accounting ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Customs Administration and Reform ; Debt Markets ; Developing Countries ; Economic Efficiency ; Economic Theory and Research ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Future ; Good ; Goods ; Government Revenue ; Government Revenues ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Prices ; Open Economy ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Public Sector Development ; Returns ; Revenue ; Share ; Tariff ; Tariffs ; Tax ; Tax Law ; Taxes ; Trade Policy ; Transparency ; Accounting ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Customs Administration and Reform ; Debt Markets ; Developing Countries ; Economic Efficiency ; Economic Theory and Research ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Future ; Good ; Goods ; Government Revenue ; Government Revenues ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Prices ; Open Economy ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Public Sector Development ; Returns ; Revenue ; Share ; Tariff ; Tariffs ; Tax ; Tax Law ; Taxes ; Trade Policy ; Transparency
    Abstract: November 1999 - A highly diversified trade tariff menu may fuel bribe-taking behavior. Setting trade tariff rates at a uniform level limits public officials' ability to extract bribes from importers. By explicitly accounting for the interaction between importers and corrupt customs officials, Gatti argues that setting trade tariff rates at a uniform level limits public officials' ability to extract bribes from importers. If the government's main objective is to raise revenues at the minimum cost to welfare, optimally-set tariff rates will be inversely proportional to the elasticity of demand for imports. So they will generally differ across goods. Such a menu of tariff rates endows customs officials with the opportunity to extract rent from importers. If officials have enough discretionary power, they might threaten to misclassify goods into more heavily taxed categories unless importers pay them a bribe. Because of the bribe, the effective tariff rate for the importing firm increases, so demand for the good decreases. The resulting drop in import demand implies an efficiency loss as well as lower government revenues, compared with the optimal taxation benchmark without corruption. A similar argument applies when customs officials offer to classify goods into low-tariff categories in exchange for a bribe. Setting trade tariffs at a uniform level eliminates officials' opportunities to extract rents. Thus, when corruption is pervasive, a uniform tariff can deliver more government revenues and welfare than the optimally set (Ramsey) tariff benchmark. The empirical evidence confirms that these considerations are relevant to policymaking, since a robust association between the standard deviation of trade tariffs - a measure of the diversification of tariff menus - and corruption emerges across countries. This paper - a product of Macroeconomics and Growth, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study corruption. Please contact Roberta Gatti, Internet address rgattiworldbank.org
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    Border, Border, Wide and Far, How We Wonder What You Are (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (38 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Wei, Shang-Jin Border, Border, Wide and Far, How We Wonder What You Are
    Keywords: Arbitrage ; Barriers ; Commodity ; Consumer Price Index ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; Exchange Rate Movements ; Exchange Rates ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Insurance ; International Market ; International Markets ; International Trade ; Legal Systems ; Local Currencies ; Macroeconomic Management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Power Parity ; Price ; Price Volatility ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Purchasing Power ; Trade ; Arbitrage ; Barriers ; Commodity ; Consumer Price Index ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; Exchange Rate Movements ; Exchange Rates ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Insurance ; International Market ; International Markets ; International Trade ; Legal Systems ; Local Currencies ; Macroeconomic Management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Power Parity ; Price ; Price Volatility ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Purchasing Power ; Trade
    Abstract: November 1999 - Crossing national borders adds significantly to price dispersion. This study of prices in Japan and the United States finds that a substantial part of that border effect is attributable to distance, shipping costs, exchange rates, and relative variability in wages. Parsley and Wei exploit three-dimensional panel data on prices for 27 traded goods, over 88 quarters, across 96 cities in Japan and the United States, to answer several questions: · Does the average exchange rate between countries stray further from zero than that between cities within a country? · Is there any tendency for the average exchange rate to move closer to zero over time? · Does the border narrow over time? · Is there evidence linking changes in the so-called border effect - the extra dispersion in prices between cities in different countries beyond what physical distance could explain - with plausible economic explanations, such as exchange rate variability? The authors present evidence that the intranational real exchange rates are substantially less volatile than the comparable distribution of international relative prices. They also show that an equally weighted average of commodity-level real exchange rates tracks the nominal exchange rate well, suggesting strong evidence of sticky prices. Next they turn to economic explanations for the dynamics of the border effect. Focusing on the dispersion of prices between city pairs, they confirm previous findings that crossing national borders adds significantly to price dispersion. Based on their point estimates, crossing the U.S.-Japan border is equivalent to adding between 2.5 and 13 million miles to the cross-country volatility of relative prices. They infer that distance, exchange rates, shipping costs, and relative variability in wages influence the border effect. After those variables are controlled for, the border effect disappears. This paper - a product of Public Economics, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand international capital flows. The authors may be contacted at david.parsleyowen.vanderbilt.edu or swei@worldbank.org
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    Labor Market Integration in the Presence of Social Capital (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Schiff, Maurice Labor Market Integration in the Presence of Social Capital
    Keywords: Bonds ; Capital ; Cred Economic Performance ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Liquidity ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Negative Externalities ; Population Policies ; Private Sector Development ; Production Function ; Production Functions ; Public Good ; Social Capital ; Social Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Barriers ; Transactions Costs ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Unemployment ; Utility ; Utility Function ; Voters ; Welfare ; Bonds ; Capital ; Cred Economic Performance ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Liquidity ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Negative Externalities ; Population Policies ; Private Sector Development ; Production Function ; Production Functions ; Public Good ; Social Capital ; Social Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Barriers ; Transactions Costs ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Unemployment ; Utility ; Utility Function ; Voters ; Welfare
    Abstract: November 1999 - Social capital raises productivity and falls with labor mobility. Because labor mobility generates a negative externality, integration of labor markets results in too much mobility, too low a level of social capital, and an ambiguous effect on welfare. Trade liberalization is superior to labor market integration because it reduces mobility and the negative externality associated with it. Labor market integration is typically assumed to improve welfare in the absence of distortions, because it allows labor to move to where returns are highest. Schiff examines this result in a simple general equilibrium model in the presence of a common property resource: social capital. Drawing on evidence that social capital raises productivity and falls with labor mobility, Schiff's main findings are that: · Labor market integration imposes a negative externality and need not raise welfare. · The welfare impact is more beneficial (or less harmful) the greater the difference in endowments is between the integrating regions. · Whether positive or negative, the welfare impact is larger the more similar the levels of social capital of the integrating regions are and the lower the migration costs are. · Trade liberalization generates an additional benefit-over and above the standard gains from trade - by reducing labor mobility and the negative externality associated with it. Trade liberalization is superior to labor market integration. · The creation of new private or public institutions in response to labor market integration may reduce welfare. Schiff shows that the welfare implications depend on two parameters of the model, the curvature of the utility function and the cost of private migration. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the link between market performance and welfare. The author may be contacted at mschiffworldbank.org
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    Money, Politics, and a Future for the International Financial System (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Klein, Michael Money, Politics, and a Future for the International Financial System
    Keywords: Banks and Banking Reform ; Central Banks ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Currency ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Systems ; Fixed Exchange Rate ; Future ; Interest ; Interest Rates ; International Financial System ; Lending ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Discipline ; Moral Hazard ; Private Sector Development ; Prudential Regulation ; Regulatory Framework ; Regulatory Oversight ; Safety Nets ; Settlement ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Central Banks ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Currency ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Systems ; Fixed Exchange Rate ; Future ; Interest ; Interest Rates ; International Financial System ; Lending ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Discipline ; Moral Hazard ; Private Sector Development ; Prudential Regulation ; Regulatory Framework ; Regulatory Oversight ; Safety Nets ; Settlement
    Abstract: November 1999 - Three approaches to regulatory frameworks for financial systems - and a scenario for development of the world financial system that assumes a market solution. In developing the architecture for a financial system, the challenge is to combine deregulation and safety nets against systemic failure with effective prudential regulation and oversight. Klein analyzes three approaches to choosing an adequate regulatory framework for a financial system. · Those most worried about panic and herd behavior tend to favor relatively extensive controls on financial institutions' activities, including controls on interest rates and on the volume and direction of lending. · Those most concerned about moral hazard advocate abolishing controls and safety nets, seeing the solution in stronger market discipline and reduced powers and discretion for regulators. · Mainstream opinion advocates a mix of measures, to both strengthen market discipline and improve regulatory oversight. The approach a country opts for depends on (1) which monetary and exchange rate regime it chooses, (2) whether it is more concerned about moral hazard or about panic and herd behavior, and (3) how the politics of reform shape its solutions. Klein suggests a scenario for development of the global financial system over the next two or three decades that assumes that the final outcome will resemble the market solution - not because that is the optimal policy choice but because of how political weaknesses will interact with advances in settlement technology. In Klein's scenario, the world moves toward a monetary system in which fixed exchange rate systems or de facto currency competition limit the power of central banks. This limits options for discretionary and open-ended liquidity support to help deal with systemic financial crises. The costs of inflexible exchange rates are moderated by new types of wage contracts, using units of account that are correlated with the shocks a particular industry or kind of contract faces - thus maintaining the positive aspects of monetary systems with flexible nominal exchange rates. Mistrust in monetary authorities and the emergence of private settlement systems lead to a return of asset-backed money as the means of payment. The disciplines on financial systems come to resemble somewhat those of historical free banking systems, with financial institutions requiring high levels of equity and payments systems protected only by limited, fully funded safety nets. This paper - a product of Private Participation in Infrastructure, Private Sector Development Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to understand regulatory issues. The author may be contacted at michael.u.kleinsi.shell.com
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    Valuing Water for Chinese Industries : A Marginal Productivity Assessment (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (28 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Lall, Somik Valuing Water for Chinese Industries
    Keywords: Economic Theory and Research ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Groundwater ; Industrial Sector ; Industrial Use ; Industrial Water ; Industrial Water Demand ; Industrial Water Use ; Industry ; Industry ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Regulation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Municipal Wastewater ; Pollution ; Production Process ; Research ; River Basins ; Rivers ; Town Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water ; Water Conservation ; Water Conservation ; Water Recycling ; Water Resources ; Water Shortage ; Water Shortages ; Water Supply ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions ; Water Supply and Systems ; Water Treatment ; Water Use ; Water and Industry ; Economic Theory and Research ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Groundwater ; Industrial Sector ; Industrial Use ; Industrial Water ; Industrial Water Demand ; Industrial Water Use ; Industry ; Industry ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Regulation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Municipal Wastewater ; Pollution ; Production Process ; Research ; River Basins ; Rivers ; Town Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water ; Water Conservation ; Water Conservation ; Water Recycling ; Water Resources ; Water Shortage ; Water Shortages ; Water Supply ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions ; Water Supply and Systems ; Water Treatment ; Water Use ; Water and Industry
    Abstract: The marginal productivity of water used for industry varies among sectors in China, but there is great potential for the Chinese government to save water by raising water prices to industry, to encourage water conservation. - Using plant-level data on more than 1,000 Chinese industrial plants, Wang and Lall estimate a production function treating capital, labor, water, and raw material as inputs to industrial production. They then estimate the marginal productivity of water based on the estimated production function. Using the marginal productivity approach to valuing water for industrial use, they also derive a model and estimates for the price elasticity of water use by Chinese industries. Previous studies used water demand functions and total cost functions to estimate firms' willingness to pay for water use. They find that the marginal productivity of water varies among sectors in China, with an industry average of 2.5 yuan per cubic meter of water. The average price elasticity of industrial water demand is about -1.0, suggesting a great potential for the Chinese government to use pricing policies to encourage water conservation in the industrial sector. Increasing water prices would reduce water use substantially. This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the economics of industrial pollution control in developing countries
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    The EU Factor in the Trade Policies of Central European Countries (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (38 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Kaminski, Bartlomiej The EU Factor in the Trade Policies of Central European Countries
    Keywords: Applied Tariff ; Autonomy ; Border Protection ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Domestic Producers ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange Rates ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign Trade ; Foreign Trade Policy ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; International Trade Policies ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Integration ; Tariff ; Tariff Barriers ; Tariff Rates ; Tariffs ; Trade ; Trade Law ; Trade Liberalization ; Trade Policies ; Trade Policy ; Trade Regimes ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Applied Tariff ; Autonomy ; Border Protection ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Domestic Producers ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange Rates ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign Trade ; Foreign Trade Policy ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; International Trade Policies ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Integration ; Tariff ; Tariff Barriers ; Tariff Rates ; Tariffs ; Trade ; Trade Law ; Trade Liberalization ; Trade Policies ; Trade Policy ; Trade Regimes ; Trade and Regional Integration
    Abstract: Despite strong protectionist sentiments, trade regimes have remained open in Central European countries invited to negotiate their accession to the European Union. Regional disciplines (the EU factor), combined with the legacy of low tariffs under GATT commitments, appear to have offset domestic protectionist impulses. - Kaminski examines the development of foreign trade institutions and policies in Central European countries invited to negotiate their accession to the European Union. With the dismantling of state trading, conditions of market access have been dramatically liberalized. However, except for Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the Czech Republic, most Central European countries have followed a policy of bilateral rather than multilateral trade liberalization. The fall in tariff rates on preferential imports has prompted a search for nontariff barriers, but these countries' trade regimes have remained open - which is surprising, considering the strong protectionist sentiments in economic administration. Regional disciplines (the EU factor), combined with the legacy of low tariffs under GATT commitments, appear to have been responsible for this openness. Foreign trade policy has been shaped by tensions between domestic protectionist impulses and pressures from the European Union (and other World Trade Organization members) to improve conditions of market access. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to examine trade and integration issues. The author may be contacted at bkaminskiworldbank.org
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    True World Income Distribution, 1988 and 1993 : First Calculations, Based on Household Surveys Alone (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (70 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Milanovic, Branko True World Income Distribution, 1988 and 1993
    Keywords: Consumption ; Economic Theory ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Growth Models ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Income ; Household Surveys ; Income ; Income ; Income Differences ; Income Distribution ; Income Distribution Data ; Income Inequality ; Increasing Inequality ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Mean Incomes ; Median Voter ; Median Voter Hypothesis ; Personal Income ; Political Economy ; Poverty Diagnostics ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Power Parity ; Private Sector Development ; Rising Inequality ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Social Protections and Labor ; Consumption ; Economic Theory ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Growth Models ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Income ; Household Surveys ; Income ; Income ; Income Differences ; Income Distribution ; Income Distribution Data ; Income Inequality ; Increasing Inequality ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Mean Incomes ; Median Voter ; Median Voter Hypothesis ; Personal Income ; Political Economy ; Poverty Diagnostics ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Power Parity ; Private Sector Development ; Rising Inequality ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Inequality in world income is very high, according to household surveys, more because of differences between mean country incomes than because of inequality within countries. World inequality increased between 1988 and 1993, driven by slower growth in rural per capita incomes in populous Asian countries (Bangladesh, China, and India) than in large, rich OECD countries, and by increasing income differences between urban China on the one hand and rural China and rural India on the other. - Milanovic derives the distribution of individuals' income or expenditures for two years, 1988 and 1993. His is the first paper to calculate world distribution for individuals based entirely on data from household surveys. The data, from 91 countries, are adjusted for differences in purchasing power parity between the countries. Measured by the Gini index, inequality increased from an already high 63 in 1988 to 66 in 1993. This increase was driven more by rising differences in mean incomes between countries than by rising inequalities within countries. Contributing most to the inequality were rising urban-rural differences in China and the slower growth of rural purchasing-power-adjusted incomes in South Asia than in several large developed market economies. This paper - a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study inequality and poverty in the world. Also published in The Economic Journal, January 2002 pp. 51-92 The author may be contacted at bmilanovicworldbank.org
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    Does Deposit Insurance Increase Banking System Stability? : An Empirical Investigation (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (42 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Detragiache, Enrica Does Deposit Insurance Increase Banking System Stability?
    Keywords: Asset Portfolio ; Asset Quality ; Bank Asset ; Bank Depos Banking Crises ; Banking Market ; Banking Sector ; Banking System ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Central Bank ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Depos Deposit Insurance ; Depositor ; Depositors ; Deposits ; Developing Countries ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis Management and Restructuring ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Insurance Law ; Insurance and Risk Mitigation ; Law and Development ; Liquidity ; Loan ; Monetary Fund ; Moral Hazard ; National Bank ; Private Sector Development ; Asset Portfolio ; Asset Quality ; Bank Asset ; Bank Depos Banking Crises ; Banking Market ; Banking Sector ; Banking System ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Central Bank ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Depos Deposit Insurance ; Depositor ; Depositors ; Deposits ; Developing Countries ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis Management and Restructuring ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Insurance Law ; Insurance and Risk Mitigation ; Law and Development ; Liquidity ; Loan ; Monetary Fund ; Moral Hazard ; National Bank ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: Explicit deposit insurance tends to be detrimental to bank stability - the more so where bank interest rates are deregulated and the institutional environment is weak. - Based on evidence for 61 countries in 1980-97, Demirgüç-Kunt and Detragiache find that explicit deposit insurance tends to be detrimental to bank stability, the more so where bank interest rates are deregulated and the institutional environment is weak. The adverse impact of deposit insurance on bank stability tends to be stronger the more extensive is the coverage offered to depositors, and where the scheme is funded and run by the government rather than the private sector. This paper - a product of Finance, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study deposit insurance. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Deposit Insurance: Issues of Principle, Design, and Implementation (RPO 682-90). The authors may be contacted at ademirguckuntworldbank.org or edetragiache@imf.org
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    Productivity Growth, Capital Accumulation, and the Banking Sector : Some Lessons from Malaysia (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (26 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ghani, Ejaz Productivity Growth, Capital Accumulation, and the Banking Sector
    Keywords: Accounting ; Accounting Framework ; Bank ; Banking ; Banking Sector ; Banking System ; Banks ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Capital ; Capital Employed ; Cred Debt ; Debt Markets ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Exchange ; Labor ; Labor Policies ; Lending ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Productivity ; Projects ; Risk ; Risk Management ; Savings ; Social Protections and Labor ; Wages ; Accounting ; Accounting Framework ; Bank ; Banking ; Banking Sector ; Banking System ; Banks ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Capital ; Capital Employed ; Cred Debt ; Debt Markets ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Exchange ; Labor ; Labor Policies ; Lending ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Productivity ; Projects ; Risk ; Risk Management ; Savings ; Social Protections and Labor ; Wages
    Abstract: How did the East Asian miracle turn into one of the worst financial crises of the century? A case study of Malaysia provides some answers. - How did the East Asian miracle turn into one of the worst financial crises of the century? Ghani and Suri address the question using Malaysia as a case study. Many discussions of the East Asian crisis address proximate and short-run causes of the crisis, such as the current account deficit, exchange rate misalignment, and disproportionate short-run external debt relative to foreign exchange reserves. These indicators of vulnerability are themselves endogenous outcomes of deeper institutional features. Ghani and Suri argue that some long-term features of the development strategy that helped sustain high growth in the first place also contributed to the economy's increasing vulnerability. High output growth was driven by rapid growth in capital stock, for example. The banking sector played a critical role in transforming (and accelerating the transformation of) large savings into capital accumulation. But the banking sector may not have been allocating capital efficiently. Ghani and Suri find that the rapid growth in bank lending in Malaysia is negatively associated with total factor productivity growth. On the other hand, the economy's other structural strengths, such as openness to foreign direct investment and technology, helped improve productivity growth. Malaysia's exceptional growth record over the past quarter century was driven largely by the growth in physical capital stock. Total factor productivity growth may have slowed in the late 1990s, and sustaining high output growth will require greater emphasis on productivity improvements. Policies that encouraged the flow of foreign direct investment and better access to imported capital goods contributed to productivity growth. But rapid growth in bank lending relative to GDP may have slowed it. How policymakers can best slow the growth of credit is a question that remains unanswered. This paper - a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, East Asia and Pacific Region - is part of a larger effort in the region to better understand past and future sources of growth. The authors may be contacted at eghaniworldbank.org or vsuri@worldbank.org
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  • 85
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    Infrastructure, Geographical Disadvantage, and Transport Costs (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (48 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Venables, Anthony Infrastructure, Geographical Disadvantage, and Transport Costs
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Fixed Costs ; High Transport ; Infrastructure ; Infrastructure Investment ; International Transport ; Journey ; Journeys ; Quality Of Transport ; Rail ; Road ; Routes ; Trans Transit Routes ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Costs ; Transport Economics ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Travel ; Trips ; True ; Elasticity ; Fixed Costs ; High Transport ; Infrastructure ; Infrastructure Investment ; International Transport ; Journey ; Journeys ; Quality Of Transport ; Rail ; Road ; Routes ; Trans Transit Routes ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Costs ; Transport Economics ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Travel ; Trips ; True
    Abstract: December 1999 - The median landlocked country has only 30 percent of the trade volume of the median coastal economy. Halving transport costs increases that trade volume by a factor of five. Improving the standard of infrastructure from that of the bottom quarter of countries to that of the median country increases trade by 50 percent. Improving infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa is especially important for increasing African trade. Limão and Venables use three different data sets to investigate how transport depends on geography and infrastructure. Landlocked countries have high transport costs, which can be substantially reduced by improving the quality of their infrastructure and that of transit countries. Analysis of bilateral trade data confirms the importance of infrastructure. Limão and Venables estimate the elasticity of trade flows with regard to transport costs to be high, at about -2.5. This means that: · The median landlocked country has only 30 percent of the trade volume of the median coastal economy. · Halving transport costs increases the volume of trade by a factor of five. · Improving infrastructure from the 75th to the 50th percentile increases trade by 50 percent. Using their results and a basic gravity model to study Sub-Saharan African trade, both internally and with the rest of the world, Limão and Venables find that infrastructure problems largely explain the relatively low levels of African trade. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to investigate the effects of geography on economic performance. The authors may be contacted at ngl4columbia.edu or avenables@worldbank.org
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  • 86
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    Predicting Currency Fluctuations and Crises : Do Resident Firms Have an Informational Advantage? (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (40 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Schmukler, Sergio Predicting Currency Fluctuations and Crises
    Keywords: Asymmetric Information ; Balance Of Payments ; Balance Of Payments Crises ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Currency ; Debt Markets ; Devaluation ; E-Business ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crises ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Markets ; Future ; Interest ; Interest Rate ; Interest Rate Differentials ; International Cred International Financial Markets ; Investors ; Local Business ; Local Investors ; Mutual Funds ; Private Sector Development ; Sovereign Debt ; Asymmetric Information ; Balance Of Payments ; Balance Of Payments Crises ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Currency ; Debt Markets ; Devaluation ; E-Business ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crises ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Markets ; Future ; Interest ; Interest Rate ; Interest Rate Differentials ; International Cred International Financial Markets ; Investors ; Local Business ; Local Investors ; Mutual Funds ; Private Sector Development ; Sovereign Debt
    Abstract: December 1999 - Markets have had limited success predicting crises and might do better by drawing on private information available to resident enterprise managers, who seem to know better than markets about future movements in exchange rates. Kaufmann, Mehrez, and Schmukler investigate whether resident enterprise managers have an informational advantage about the countries in which they work. They propose a method for extracting information available to resident managers but unknown to investors and forecasters. They test their hypothesis of informational advantage using a unique data set, the Global Competitiveness Survey. The survey asks local managers about their outlook for the country in which they reside. They find that local managers do have useful private information. Local managers' responses improve on conventional forecasts of future volatility and changes in the exchange rate, which are based on economic fundamentals or interest rate differentials. They find that the local business community perceived in advance the recent crises in the Republic of Korea, Russia, and Thailand, but not those in Indonesia and Malaysia. Markets have had limited success predicting crises and might do better by drawing on private information available to resident enterprise managers, who seem to know better than markets about future movements in exchange rates. This paper - a product of Governance, Regulation, and Finance, World Bank Institute - is part of a larger effort in the institute to understand the roles of transparency and governance. The authors may be contacted at dkaufmannworldbank.org, mehrezg@gunet.georgetown.edu, or sschmukler@worldbank.org
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  • 87
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    How Inadequate Provision of Public Infrastructure and Services Affects Private Investment (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Reinikka, Ritva How Inadequate Provision of Public Infrastructure and Services Affects Private Investment
    Keywords: Bottlenecks ; Capital Stock ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Employment ; Equipment ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; IRU ; Infrastructure ; Interest ; Interest Rates ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Investment Rate ; Investment Rates ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Labor Policies ; M1 ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Prof Standard Errors ; Roads and Highways ; Social Protections and Labor ; Statistics ; Tax ; Taxes ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Transport ; Vdu ; Bottlenecks ; Capital Stock ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Employment ; Equipment ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; IRU ; Infrastructure ; Interest ; Interest Rates ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Investment Rate ; Investment Rates ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Labor Policies ; M1 ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Prof Standard Errors ; Roads and Highways ; Social Protections and Labor ; Statistics ; Tax ; Taxes ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Transport ; Vdu
    Abstract: Evidence from Uganda shows that poor public provision of infrastructure services - proxied by an unreliable and inadequate power supply - significantly reduces productive private investment. - Lack of private investment is a serious policy problem in many developing countries, especially in Africa. Despite recent structural reform and stabilization, the investment response to date has been mixed, even among the strongest reformers. The role of poor infrastructure and deficient public services has received little attention in the economic literature, where the effect of public spending and investment on growth is shown to be at best ambiguous. Reinikka and Svensson use unique microeconomic evidence to show the effects of poor infrastructure services on private investment in Uganda. They find that poor public capital, proxied by an unreliable and inadequate power supply, significantly reduces productive private investment. Firms can substitute for inadequate provision of public capital by investing in it themselves. This comes at a cost, however: the installation of less productive capital. These results have clear policy implications. Although macroeconomic reforms and stabilization are necessary conditions for sustained growth and private investment, without an accompanying improvement in the public sector's performance, the private supply response to macroeconomic policy reform is likely to remain limited. This paper - a product of Public Economics and Macroeconomics and Growth, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study public service delivery and economic growth. The authors may be contacted at rreinikkaworldbank.org or jsvensson@worldbank.org
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  • 88
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    Willingness to Pay for Air Quality Improvements in Sofia, Bulgaria (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Wang, Hua Willingness to Pay for Air Quality Improvements in Sofia, Bulgaria
    Keywords: Air Pollution ; Air Quality and Clean Air ; Biodiversity ; Choice ; Contingent Valuation ; Debt Markets ; Distribution ; E-Business ; Econometric Analyses ; Econometric Analysis ; Econometric Models ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic Value ; Elasticity ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Exogenous Variables ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Future Studies ; Goods ; Income ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Payments ; Positive Effects ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Good ; Utility ; Utility Function ; Variables ; Air Pollution ; Air Quality and Clean Air ; Biodiversity ; Choice ; Contingent Valuation ; Debt Markets ; Distribution ; E-Business ; Econometric Analyses ; Econometric Analysis ; Econometric Models ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic Value ; Elasticity ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Exogenous Variables ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Future Studies ; Goods ; Income ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Payments ; Positive Effects ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Good ; Utility ; Utility Function ; Variables
    Abstract: January 2000 - People in Sofia are willing to pay 4.2 percent of their income or more for a program to improve air quality. Through a survey, Wang and Whittington study willingness to pay for improvements in air quality in Sofia, Bulgaria. Using a stochastic payment card approach - asking respondents the likelihood that they would agree to pay a series of prices - they estimate the distribution of willingness to pay various prices. They find that people in Sofia are willing to pay up to about 4.2 percent of their income for a program to improve air quality. The income elasticity of willingness to pay for air quality improvements is about 27 percent. For comparison, they also used the referendum contingent valuation approach. Results from that approach yielded a higher estimate of willingness to pay. This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the economics of pollution control in developing countries. Copies of the paper are available from Hua Wang may be contacted at hwang1worldbank.org
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  • 89
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    New Tools and New Tests in Comparative Political Economy : The Database of Political Institutions (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (52 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Clarke, George New Tools and New Tests in Comparative Political Economy
    Keywords: Cabinet ; Candidates ; Constituents ; Decision Makers ; Decision Making ; Democracy ; E-Business ; E-Government ; Economic Theory and Research ; Election ; Election Data ; Elections ; Governance ; Government ; Industry ; Information Security and Privacy ; Legislation ; Legislative Powers ; Legislators ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; Parliament ; Parliamentary Government ; Parliamentary Governments ; Parliamentary Systems ; Policy Making ; Political System ; Political Systems ; Prime Minister ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Technology Industry ; Cabinet ; Candidates ; Constituents ; Decision Makers ; Decision Making ; Democracy ; E-Business ; E-Government ; Economic Theory and Research ; Election ; Election Data ; Elections ; Governance ; Government ; Industry ; Information Security and Privacy ; Legislation ; Legislative Powers ; Legislators ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; Parliament ; Parliamentary Government ; Parliamentary Governments ; Parliamentary Systems ; Policy Making ; Political System ; Political Systems ; Prime Minister ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Technology Industry
    Abstract: February 2000 - Some say that democracy is more likely to survive under parliamentary governments. That result is not robust to the use of different variables from the Database of Political Institutions, a large new cross-country database that may illuminate many other issues affecting and affected by political institutions. This paper introduces a large new cross-country database on political institutions: the Database on Political Institutions (DPI). Beck, Clarke, Groff, Keefer, and Walsh summarize key variables (many of them new), compare this data set with others, and explore the range of issues for which the data should prove invaluable. Among the novel variables they introduce: · Several measures of tenure, stability, and checks and balances. · Identification of parties with the government coalition or the opposition. · Fragmentation of opposition and government parties in legislatures. The authors illustrate the application of DPI variables to several problems in political economy. Stepan and Skach, for example, find that democracy is more likely to survive under parliamentary governments than presidential systems. But this result is not robust to the use of different variables from the DPI, which raises puzzles for future research. Similarly, Roubini and Sachs find that divided governments in the OECD run higher budget deficits after fiscal shocks. Replication of their work using DPI indicators of divided government indicates otherwise, again suggesting issues for future research. Among questions in political science and economics that this database may illuminate: the determinants of democratic consolidation, the political conditions for economic reform, the political and institutional roots of corruption, and the elements of appropriate and institutionally sensitive design of economic policy. This paper - a product of Regulation and Competition Policy, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the institutional bases of poverty alleviation and economic reform. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Database on Institutions for Government Decisionmaking (RPO 682-79). The authors may be contacted at tbeckworldbank.org, gclarke@worldbank.org, pkeefer@worldbank.org, or pwalsh@worldbank.org
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  • 90
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    Disinflation and the Supply Side (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (38 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Pizzati, Lodovico Disinflation and the Supply Side
    Keywords: Aggregate Demand ; Assets ; Capital ; Capital Markets ; Consumption ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Devaluation ; Economic Theory and Research ; Elasticity ; Elasticity Of Substitution ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Goods ; Interest ; Investment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Money ; Open Economy ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Recession ; Stock ; Supply ; Wages ; Wealth ; Aggregate Demand ; Assets ; Capital ; Capital Markets ; Consumption ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Devaluation ; Economic Theory and Research ; Elasticity ; Elasticity Of Substitution ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Goods ; Interest ; Investment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Money ; Open Economy ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Recession ; Stock ; Supply ; Wages ; Wealth
    Abstract: March 2000 - What role do supply-side factors play in the dynamics of output and absorption in exchange rate-based stabilization programs? Agénor and Pizzati study the dynamics of output, consumption, and real wages induced by a disinflation program based on permanent and temporary reductions in the nominal devaluation rate. They use an intertemporal optimizing model of a small open economy in which domestic households face imperfect world capital markets, the labor supply is endogenous, and wages are flexible. The model predicts that, with a constant capital stock and no investment, there is an initial reduction in real wages and output expands. Consumption falls on impact but increases afterward. In addition, with a temporary shock, a current account deficit emerges and, later, a recession sets in, as documented in various studies. With endogenous capital accumulation, numerical simulations show that the model can also predict a boom in investment. This paper is a product of the Economic Policy and Poverty Reduction Division, World Bank Institute. The authors may be contacted at pagenorworldbank.org and lpizzati@worldbank.org
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  • 91
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    International Contagion : Implications for Policy (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (40 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Majnoni, Giovanni International Contagion
    Keywords: Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Currency ; Currency Crises ; Debt Markets ; Deposit Insurance ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; External Debts ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Contagion ; Financial Crises ; Financial Fragility ; Foreign Interest ; Guarantees ; Interest Rates ; International Financial Contagion ; International Investors ; Liability ; Liquidity ; Market ; Maturity ; Options ; Policy Responses ; Private Sector Development ; Short-Term Debt ; Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Currency ; Currency Crises ; Debt Markets ; Deposit Insurance ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; External Debts ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Contagion ; Financial Crises ; Financial Fragility ; Foreign Interest ; Guarantees ; Interest Rates ; International Financial Contagion ; International Investors ; Liability ; Liquidity ; Market ; Maturity ; Options ; Policy Responses ; Private Sector Development ; Short-Term Debt
    Abstract: March 2000 - What can the international community do to prevent financial contagion? Chang and Majnoni try to identify and evaluate the public policy implications of financial contagion on the basis of a very simple model of financial crises. In this model, financial contagion can be driven by a combination of fundamentals and by self-fulfilling market expectations. The model allows the authors to identify different notions of contagion, especially the distinction between monsoonal effects, spillovers, and switchers between equilibria. They discuss both domestic and international policy options. Domestic policies, they say, should be aimed at reducing financial fragility - that is, reducing unnecessary short-term debt commitments. With explicit commitments, the maturity of external debts should be lengthened. With implicit commitments, such as private liability guarantees, they emphasize limiting or eliminating such guarantees, to improve an economy's international liquidity and reduce its exposure to contagion. Internationally, they stress the need for improving financial standards, which makes it easier to assess when a country is subject to different kinds of contagion. The effectiveness of international rescue packages depends on the kind of contagion to which a country is exposed. Implications: The international community should help those countries that are already helping themselves. This paper - a product of the Financial Sector Strategy and Policy Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the determinants and policy implications of international financial contagion. The author Giovanni Majnoni may be contacted at gmajnoniworldbank.org
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  • 92
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    How Interest Rates Changed under Financial Liberalization : A Cross-Country Review (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (56 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Honohan, Patrick How Interest Rates Changed under Financial Liberalization
    Keywords: Asset Prices ; Bank Interest Rates ; Bank Lending ; Bank Spreads ; Borrowers ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Depos Developing Countries ; Developing Country ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Liberalization ; Financial Literacy ; Insurance and Risk Mitigation ; Interest ; Interest Rate ; Interest Rates ; Lending ; Macroeconomic Management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Interest Rates ; Money Market ; Private Sector Development ; Real Interest ; Real Interest Rates ; Treasury ; Treasury Bill ; Treasury Bill Rates ; Asset Prices ; Bank Interest Rates ; Bank Lending ; Bank Spreads ; Borrowers ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Depos Developing Countries ; Developing Country ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Liberalization ; Financial Literacy ; Insurance and Risk Mitigation ; Interest ; Interest Rate ; Interest Rates ; Lending ; Macroeconomic Management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Interest Rates ; Money Market ; Private Sector Development ; Real Interest ; Real Interest Rates ; Treasury ; Treasury Bill ; Treasury Bill Rates
    Abstract: April 2000 - As financial liberalization progressed, the general level of real interest rates increased more in developing countries than it did in industrial countries. Volatility in wholesale interest rates also jumped, often markedly, in most liberalizing countries. Treasury bill rates and bank spreads showed the greatest increase in developing countries, shifting substantial rents from the public sector and from favored borrowers. Financial liberalization was expected to make interest rates and asset prices more volatile, with distributional consequences such as reduced or relocated rents and increased competition in financial services. Honohan examines available data on money market and bank interest rates for evidence of whether these things happened. He shows that as more and more countries liberalized, the level and dynamic behavior of developing-country interest rates converged to industrial-country norms. In the short term, volatility increased in both real and nominal money market interest rates. Treasury bill rates and bank spreads, evidently the most repressed, showed the greatest increase as liberalization progressed - shifting substantial rents from the public sector and from favored borrowers. Whereas quoted bank spreads in industrial countries contracted somewhat in the late 1990s, spreads in developing countries remained much higher, presumably reflecting both market power and the higher risks of lending in the developing world. There was no clear-cut change in mean rates of inflation, monetary depth, or GDP growth. If anything, there was a small average improvement in inflation, but a decline in monetary depth and economic growth, relative to trends in industrial countries. This paper - a product of Finance, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to explore optimal policy under financial liberalization. The author may be contacted atphonohanworldbank.org
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  • 93
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    Trade Negotiations in the Presence of Network Externalities (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Kubota, Keiko Trade Negotiations in the Presence of Network Externalities
    Keywords: Consumers ; Costs ; Deregulation ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economies Of Scale ; Emerging Markets ; Foreign Competition ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Government Regulations ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Monopolies ; Monopoly ; Network Externalities ; Payments ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Telecommunications ; Trade ; Trade Law ; Trade Liberalization ; Trade Negotiations ; Trade Policy ; WTO ; Welfare ; Consumers ; Costs ; Deregulation ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economies Of Scale ; Emerging Markets ; Foreign Competition ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Government Regulations ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Monopolies ; Monopoly ; Network Externalities ; Payments ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Telecommunications ; Trade ; Trade Law ; Trade Liberalization ; Trade Negotiations ; Trade Policy ; WTO ; Welfare
    Abstract: April 2000 - With technology-related goods and services, the presence of network externalities affects a country's willingness to trade. To achieve efficiency gains through worldwide standardization and mutually beneficial trade arrangements, it is important to arrive at multilateral trade agreements before regional blocs form. Network externalities exist when the benefit a consumer derives from a good or service depends on the number of other consumers using the same good or service (as happens, for example, with telecommunications, television broadcasting standards, and many other technology-related goods and services). National monopolies, regulated and endorsed by sovereign governments, tended to produce network externalities in the past: most countries had telephone monopolies, often state-owned, before deregulation. Whether to allow foreign competition in such industries becomes a pressing issue when national boundaries begin to blur as technology advances and as previously untraded goods and services become tradable. Despite obvious gains from trade in such newly tradable sectors, governments often keep trade-prohibiting measures. With analog high definition television (HDTV) transmission standards, for example, regulations and politics kept Europe and Japan from cooperating, so each invested heavily to develop its system in an attempt to have its own standard adopted by the rest of the world. Kubota analyzes how the presence of network externalities affects a country's willingness to trade. In her model, governments decide whether or not to allow international trade. When trading is permitted, the superior standard drives out all others in the trading area. She shows that even when there are efficiency gains from worldwide standardization, global free trade may not prevail. The technology leader is generally eager to trade, but countries with less advanced technology often choose to form inefficient regional blocs or not to trade at all. Once such regional networks are established, global efficiency-enhancing free trade becomes even harder to achieve than it would have been in their absence. Transfer payments between countries reduce or eliminate such inefficiency and facilitate the achievement of efficient trade in products. To achieve mutually beneficial trade arrangements, it is important to arrive at multilateral agreements before regional blocs form. This paper is a product of Trade, Development Research Group. The author may be contacted at kkubotaworldbank.org
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  • 94
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    Does More Intense Competition Lead to Higher Growth? (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Dutz, A. Mark Does More Intense Competition Lead to Higher Growth?
    Keywords: Anti-Trust Laws ; Competition ; Competition Policy ; Competitiveness ; Consumer Protection ; Deregulation ; Development ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Growth Models ; Influence ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Monopoly ; Positive Effects ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; Productivity Growth ; Regulatory Framework ; Social Protections and Labor ; Telecommunications ; Trade ; Unfair Competition ; Variables ; Anti-Trust Laws ; Competition ; Competition Policy ; Competitiveness ; Consumer Protection ; Deregulation ; Development ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Growth Models ; Influence ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Monopoly ; Positive Effects ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; Productivity Growth ; Regulatory Framework ; Social Protections and Labor ; Telecommunications ; Trade ; Unfair Competition ; Variables
    Abstract: April 2000 - Empirical evidence indicates a strong correlation between long-run growth and effective enforcement of antitrust and competition policy. The relationship between the intensity of competition in an economy and its long-run growth is an open question in economics. Theoretically, there is no clear-cut answer. Empirical evidence exists, however, that in some sectors more competition leads to more innovation and accelerates productivity growth. To complement those findings and capture economywide effects, Dutz and Hayri conduct a cross-country study. They examine the impact on growth of various measures having to do with intensity of domestic competition - beyond the effects of trade liberalization. Their results indicate a strong correlation between long-run growth and effective enforcement of antitrust and competition policy. An earlier version of this paper - a product of Public Economics, Development Research Group - was presented at a conference, Industrial Reorganization and Development, in Toulouse, France (November 1998). The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Does More Intense Competition Lead to Higher Growth? (RPO 682-47). The authors may be contacted at mdutzworldbank.org or ahayri@dttus.com
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  • 95
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    Externalities and Production Efficiency (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (50 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Eskel, S. Gunnar Externalities and Production Efficiency
    Keywords: Commodity Taxes ; Economic Welfare ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Emission Standards ; Emission Tax ; Emissions ; Environment ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Management ; Environmental Protection ; Externalities ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Marginal Costs ; Polluters ; Pollution ; Pollution Abatement ; Pollution Management and Control ; Production ; Revenue ; Taxation ; Taxation and Subsidies ; Taxes ; Commodity Taxes ; Economic Welfare ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Emission Standards ; Emission Tax ; Emissions ; Environment ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Management ; Environmental Protection ; Externalities ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Marginal Costs ; Polluters ; Pollution ; Pollution Abatement ; Pollution Management and Control ; Production ; Revenue ; Taxation ; Taxation and Subsidies ; Taxes
    Abstract: April 2000 - Environmental improvements should be sought from different polluters (public or private, producer or consumer, rich or poor) at the same cost, regardless of the nature of the polluting activity. Under a plausible structure of monitoring costs, emissions standards play a central role. Eskeland brings together two of government's primary challenges: environmental protection and taxation to generate revenues. If negative externalities can be reduced not only by changes in consumption patterns but also by making each activity cleaner (abatement efforts), how shall inducements to various approaches be combined? If negative externalities are caused by agents as different as consumers, producers, and government, how does optimal policy combine inducements to reduce pollution? Intuitively it seems right to tax emissions neutrally, based on marginal damages - no matter which activity pollutes or whether the polluter is rich or poor, consumer or producer, private or public. Eskeland provides a theoretical basis for such simplicity. Three assumptions are critical to his analysis: · Returns to scale do not influence the traditional problem of revenue generation. · Consumers have equal access to pollution abatement opportunities (but he also relaxes this assumption). · Planners can differentiate policy instruments (emission taxes or abatement standards) by polluting good, and by whether the polluter is a consumer, producer, or government, but they cannot differentiate such instruments (or commodity taxes) by personal characteristics or make them nonlinear in individual emissions. Among Eskeland's findings and conclusions: Abatement efforts and consumption adjustments at all stages are optimally stimulated by a uniform emission tax levied simply where emissions occur. It simplifies things that optimal abatement is independent of whether the car is used by government, firms, or households - for weddings or for work. It also simplifies implementation that the stimulus to abatement at one stage (say, the factory) is independent of whether it yields emission reductions from the factory or from others (say, from car owners who buy the factory's products). Finally, ministers of finance and of the environment should coordinate efforts, but they need not engage in each other's business. The minister of environment need not know which commodities are elastic in demand and thus would bear a low commodity tax. The finance minister need not know which commodities or agents pollute or who pays emission taxes. This paper - a product of Public Economics, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to establish principles for public intervention. The author may be contacted at geskelandworldbank.org
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  • 96
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    Globalization and Firms' Financing Choices : Evidence from Emerging Economies (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (74 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Schmukler, Sergio Globalization and Firms' Financing Choices
    Keywords: Banks and Banking Reform ; Bond ; Bond Markets ; Debt ; Debt Markets ; Debt Maturity ; Debt-Equity ; Economic Development ; Emerging Economies ; Emerging Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Equity ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Liberalization ; Financial Markets ; Financial Structure ; Financial Systems ; Globalization ; International Bond ; International Financial Markets ; International Markets ; Maturity Structure ; Private Sector Development ; Share ; World Financial Markets ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Bond ; Bond Markets ; Debt ; Debt Markets ; Debt Maturity ; Debt-Equity ; Economic Development ; Emerging Economies ; Emerging Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Equity ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Liberalization ; Financial Markets ; Financial Structure ; Financial Systems ; Globalization ; International Bond ; International Financial Markets ; International Markets ; Maturity Structure ; Private Sector Development ; Share ; World Financial Markets
    Abstract: April 2000 - Debt-equity ratios do not tend to increase after financial liberalization, but there is a shift from long-term to short-term debt. Globalization has uneven effects for firms with and without access to international capital markets. Countries with deeper domestic financial markets are less affected by financial liberalization. Schmukler and Vesperoni investigate whether integration with global markets affects the financing choices of firms from East Asia and Latin America. Using firm-level data for the 1980s and 1990s, they study how leverage ratios, the structure of debt maturity, and sources of financing change when economies are liberalized and when firms gain access to international equity and bond markets. The evidence shows that integration with world financial markets has uneven effects. On the one hand, debt maturity for the average firm shortens when countries undertake financial liberalization. On the other hand, domestic firms that actually participate in international markets get better financing opportunities and extend their debt maturity. Moreover, firms in economies with deeper domestic financial systems are affected less by financial liberalization. Finally, they show that leverage ratios increase during times of crisis. In an appendix, they analyze the previously unstudied case of Argentina, which experienced sharp financial liberalization and was hit hard by all recent global crises. This paper - a product of Macroeconomics and Growth, Development Reseach Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand financial development and financial integration. The authors may be contacted at sschmuklerworldbank.org or vesperon@wam.umd.edu
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  • 97
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    How the Republic of Korea's Financial Structure Affects the Volatility of Four Asset Prices (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (40 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Min, G. Hong How the Republic of Korea's Financial Structure Affects the Volatility of Four Asset Prices
    Keywords: Asset Prices ; Banking Sector ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Capital Flows ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Currency ; Currency Crises ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Structure ; Financial System ; Government Bond ; Government Bond Yield ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Markets and Market Access ; Monetary Authority ; Monetary Policies ; Money Market ; Money Market Rate ; Private Sector Development ; Stock ; Asset Prices ; Banking Sector ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Capital Flows ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Currency ; Currency Crises ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Structure ; Financial System ; Government Bond ; Government Bond Yield ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Markets and Market Access ; Monetary Authority ; Monetary Policies ; Money Market ; Money Market Rate ; Private Sector Development ; Stock
    Abstract: April 2000 - How Korea's financial structure affects the volatility of Korea's real effective exchange rate, money market rate, government bond yields, and stock prices. Min and Park explore how Korea's financial structure affects the volatility of asset prices. Documented empirical evidence of the relationship between financial structure and financial crisis sheds light on the relationship between asset price volatility - extreme variations in prices - and financial structure. And the volatility of financial and nonfinancial asset prices provides an indirect link between an economy's financial structure and the likelihood of financial crisis. Using time-series data and a set of indicators measuring financial structure, Min and Park examine how Korea's financial structure affects the volatility of the real effective exchange rate, the money market rate, government bond yields, and stock prices. They find: · There is a stable long-term relationship between financial structure and volatility in the real effective exchange rate, the money market rate, stock prices, and the yield on government housing bonds. · Financial structure affects asset price variables asymmetrically. Some variables' volatility increases and others' diminish, suggesting that monetary policies should target different asset markets to achieve different goals. If the goal of the monetary authority is to stabilize the money market rate, for example, intervening in the banking sector is more efficient than intervening in other financial subsectors. · The higher volatility of stock prices reflects the thin stock market in Korea. · The stability of the yield on government housing bonds reflects the Korean government's policy of stabilizing the nation's housing supply by isolating the housing market from the impact of Korea's financial structure. · Restrictions on foreigners' ownership of domestic stock in Korea during the period analyzed, and the fact that most capital flows through commercial banks, affect the exchange rate, which is determined (at least in the short run) by capital flows in the foreign exchange market. This paper - a product of the Macroeconomic Data Team, Development Data Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the financial structure of developing countries based on empirical data. The authors may be contacted at hmin56aol.com or jpark@worldbank.org
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  • 98
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    Competition, Corporate Governance, and Regulation in Central Asia : Uzbekistan's Structural Reform Challenges (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (28 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Broadman, G. Harry Competition, Corporate Governance, and Regulation in Central Asia
    Keywords: Business Performance ; Competition ; Competition Policy ; Corporate Governance ; Corporate Law ; Corporate Performance ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Enforcement ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Governance ; Investment ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Legal Frameworks ; Macroeconomic Policy ; Macroeconomic Stability ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Economy ; Market Share ; Market Structure ; Markets and Market Access ; Microfinance ; Monopoly ; National Governance ; Output ; Price ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Reform Program ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade ; Trade Associations ; Business Performance ; Competition ; Competition Policy ; Corporate Governance ; Corporate Law ; Corporate Performance ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Enforcement ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Governance ; Investment ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Legal Frameworks ; Macroeconomic Policy ; Macroeconomic Stability ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Economy ; Market Share ; Market Structure ; Markets and Market Access ; Microfinance ; Monopoly ; National Governance ; Output ; Price ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Reform Program ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade ; Trade Associations
    Abstract: May 2000 - Like many Central Asian republics, Uzbekistan has adopted a gradual, cautious approach in its transition to a market economy. It has had some success attaining macroeconomic stability, but microeconomic reforms have lagged behind. It is time to accelerate structural reform. In Uzbekistan state enterprises are being changed into shareholding companies, and private enterprises account for 45 percent of all registered firms. But business decisions to set prices, output, and investment are often not market-based, nor wholly within the purview of businesses, especially those in commercial manufacturing and services. Lines of authority for corporate governance - from state enterprises to private enterprises - are ill-defined, so there is little discipline on corporate performance and little separation between government and business. Nascent frameworks have been created for competition policy (for firms in the commercial sector) and regulatory policy (governing utilities in the infrastructure monopoly sector). But implementation and enforcement have been hampered by old-style instruments (such as price controls) rooted in central planning, by lack of a strong independent regulatory rule-making authority, by the limited understanding of the basic concepts of competition and regulatory reform, and by weak institutional capabilities for analyzing market structure and business performance. Based on fieldwork in Uzbekistan, Broadman recommends: · Deepening senior policy officials' understanding of, and appreciation of the benefits from, enterprise competition and how it affects economic growth. · Reforming competition policy institutions and legal frameworks in line with the country's goal of strengthening structural reforms and improving macroeconomic policy. · Improving the ability of government and associated institutions to assess Uzbekistan's industrial market structure and the determinants of enterprise conduct and performance. · Making the authority responsible for competition and regulatory policymaking into an independent agency - a champion of competition - answerable directly to the prime minister. · Strengthening incentives and institutions for corporate governance and bringing them in line with international practice. · Subjecting infrastructure monopolies to systemic competitive restructuring and unbundling, where appropriate. For other utilities, depoliticize tariff setting and implementation of regulations; ensure that price, output, and investment decisions by service suppliers are procompetitive (creating a level playing field among users); and increase transparency and accountability to the public. This paper - a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, Europe and Central Asia Regional Office - is part of a larger effort in the region to assess structural reform in Central Asia. The author may be contacted at hbroadmanworldbank.org
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  • 99
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    Pollution Charges, Community Pressure, and Abatement Cost of Industrial Pollution in China (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Wang, Hua Pollution Charges, Community Pressure, and Abatement Cost of Industrial Pollution in China
    Keywords: Abatement ; Brown Issues and Health ; Demand ; Empirical Analysis ; Empirical Studies ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Protection ; Environmental Sciences ; Green Issues ; Incentives ; Industrial Water ; Industry ; Marginal Abatement ; Pollution ; Pollution Abatement ; Pollution Charges ; Pollution Control ; Pollution Discharge ; Prices ; Public Sector Development ; Regulation ; Standards ; Water ; Water Pollution ; Water Resources ; Water and Industry ; Abatement ; Brown Issues and Health ; Demand ; Empirical Analysis ; Empirical Studies ; Environment ; Environmental ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Protection ; Environmental Sciences ; Green Issues ; Incentives ; Industrial Water ; Industry ; Marginal Abatement ; Pollution ; Pollution Abatement ; Pollution Charges ; Pollution Control ; Pollution Discharge ; Prices ; Public Sector Development ; Regulation ; Standards ; Water ; Water Pollution ; Water Resources ; Water and Industry
    Abstract: May 2000 - Community pressure may be as strong an incentive for industrial firms to control pollution in China as pollution levies are. Wang evaluates the strength of the effect that community pressure and pollution charges have on industrial pollution control in China and estimates the marginal cost of pollution abatement. He examines a well-documented set of plant-level data, combined with community-level data, to assess the impact of pollution charges and community pressure on industrial behavior in China. He constructs and estimates an industrial organic water pollution discharge model for plants that violate standards for pollution discharge, pay pollution charges, and are constantly under community pressure to further abate pollution. He creates a model and estimates implicit prices for pollution discharges from community pressure, which are determined jointly by the explicit price, the pollution levy. He finds that the implicit discharge price is at least as high as the explicit price. In other words, community pressure not only exists but may be as strong an incentive as the pollution charge is for industrial firms to control pollution in China. Wang's modeling approach also provides a way to estimate the marginal cost of pollution abatement. The empirical results show that the current marginal cost of abatement is about twice the effective charge rate in China. This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study environmental regulation in developing countries. The author may be contacted at hwang1worldbank.org
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  • 100
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    Building Subnational Debt Markets in Developing and Transition Economies : A Framework for Analysis, Policy Reform, and Assistance Strategy (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (54 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Noel, Michel Building Subnational Debt Markets in Developing and Transition Economies
    Keywords: Agency Problems ; Bond Market Players ; Debt Market ; Debt Markets ; Decentralization ; Domestic Bond ; Domestic Bond Market ; Domestic Debt ; Domestic Debt Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Sector Development ; Financial Systems ; Markets Development ; Sub-National Bond ; Sub-National Bond Market ; Sub-National Bond Markets ; Sub-National Debt ; Sub-National Debt Market ; Sub-National Debt Market Development ; Sub-National Debt Markets ; Transition Countries ; Agency Problems ; Bond Market Players ; Debt Market ; Debt Markets ; Decentralization ; Domestic Bond ; Domestic Bond Market ; Domestic Debt ; Domestic Debt Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Sector Development ; Financial Systems ; Markets Development ; Sub-National Bond ; Sub-National Bond Market ; Sub-National Bond Markets ; Sub-National Debt ; Sub-National Debt Market ; Sub-National Debt Market Development ; Sub-National Debt Markets ; Transition Countries
    Abstract: May 2000 - Because of the trend toward decentralization in more than 70 countries where the World Bank is active, subnational entities - states, regions, provinces, counties, and municipalities, and the local utility companies owned by them - are now responsible for delivering services and investing in infrastructure. And infrastructure investments are growing rapidly to meet increasing urban demand. How should the World Bank Group help? Subnational debt markets can be a powerful force in a country's development. Through delegated monitoring by financial intermediaries and through debt placed directly with investors, sub-national debt markets account for about 5 percent of GDP in Argentina and Brazil. But they remain embryonic in most developing and transition economies. To resolve a potential clash between the increased financing needs of subnational entities and the limited development of domestic subnational debt markets, it is critical to support the orderly, efficient emergence of such debt markets. As a framework for policy reform, the following steps (mirroring typical weaknesses) are prerequisites for developing a country's subnational debt market: · Reducing moral hazard. · Improving market transparency. · Strengthening market governance. · Establishing a level playing field. · Developing local capacity for accounting, budgeting, and financial management. In countries where the government shows a clear commitment to market development, says Noel, the IBRD should support the framework needed for policy-based operations that establish hard budget constraints. In doing so, the IBRD should concentrate on (1) supporting national and local capacity building in those areas essential for developing a subnational debt market and (2) financing specific subnational projects with strictly nonrecourse loans. At the same time, the World Bank Group should offer a variety of lending and guarantee instruments that encourage private financing for investments by subnational entities - including, for example, equity participation in (or lines of credit or partial credit guarantees to) financial intermediaries specializing in subnational investment finance or in funds for financing local infrastructure. This paper - a product of the Private and Financial Sectors Development Unit, Europe and Central Asia Region - was prepared as background for a manual on policy issues relating to domestic debt markets. Michel Noel may be contacted at mnoel2worldbank.org
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