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  • 2005-2009  (12)
  • 1995-1999  (37)
  • 1975-1979  (7)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (56)
  • Semantics  (56)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402064975
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 72
    DDC: 400
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Comparative linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Konferenzschrift 2004 ; Subjekt ; Markiertheit ; Nominalphrase
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 2
    ISBN: 1402050372 , 9781402050374
    Language: English
    Pages: XVI, 216 S , graph. Darst
    Series Statement: Studies in natural language and linguistic theory 69
    Series Statement: Studies in natural language and linguistic theory
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Harbour, Daniel Morphosemantic Number
    DDC: 415
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Grammar, Comparative and general Number ; Grammar, Comparative and general Morphosyntax ; Semantics ; Kiowa language Grammar ; Numerus ; Morphosyntax ; Kiowa-Sprache ; Grammatik
    URL: Cover
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer | [Berlin : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402058578
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 109
    DDC: 121.68
    RVK:
    Keywords: Metaphysics ; Linguistics Semantics ; Pragmatism ; Semantics ; Philosophy (General) ; Semantik ; Philosophie
    Abstract: According to truth-conditional semantics, to explain the meaning of a statement is to specify the conditions necessary and sufficient for its truth. This book develops a more radical mentalist semantics by shifting the object of semantic inquiry. Classical semantics analyzes an abstract sentence or utterance such as 'Grass is green'; in attitudinal semantics the object of inquiry is a propositional attitude such as 'Speaker so-and-so thinks grass is green'.
    Abstract: According to the dominant theory of meaning, truth-conditional semantics, to explain the meaning of a statement is to specify the conditions necessary and sufficient for its truth. Classical truth-conditional semantics is coming under increasing attack, however, from contextualists and inferentialists, who agree that meaning is located in the mind. How to Think about Meaning develops an even more radical mentalist semantics, which it does by shifting the object of semantic inquiry. Whereas for classical semantics the object of analysis is an abstract sentence or utterance such as 'Grass is green', for attitudinal semantics the object of inquiry is a propositional attitude such as 'Speaker so-and-so thinks grass is green'. Explicit relativization to some speaker S allows for semantic theory then to make contact with psychology, sociology, historical linguistics, and other empirical disciplines. The attitudinal approach is motivated both by theoretical considerations and by its practical success in dealing with recalcitrant phenomena in the theory of meaning. These include: presuppositions as found in hate speech, and more generally the connotative force of evaluative language, the problem of how to represent ambiguity, quotation and the use-mention distinction, and the liar paradox, which appears to contradict truth-based semantics.
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; Introduction; The Case of the Missing Truth-Conditions; Foundations of Attitudinal Semantics; Objections and Replies; Hate Speech; Ambiguity; Quotation and Use-Mention; Liars and Truth-Tellers; Back Matter
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 255-270) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402059582
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 83
    DDC: 401/.43/0285
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Artificial intelligence ; Translators (Computer programs) ; Computational linguistics ; Semantics
    Abstract: This book provides an in-depth view of the current issues, problems and approaches in the computation of meaning as expressed in language. Aimed at linguists, computer scientists, and logicians with an interest in the computation of meaning, this book focuses on two main topics in recent research in computational semantics. The first topic is the definition and use of underspecified semantic representations, i.e. formal structures that represent part of the meaning of a linguistic object while leaving other parts unspecified. The second topic discussed is semantic annotation. Annotated corpora have become an indispensable resource both for linguists and for developers of language and speech technology, especially when used in combination with machine learning methods. The annotation in corpora has only marginally addressed semantic information, however, since semantic annotation methodologies are still in their infancy. This book discusses the development and application of such methodologies.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 5
    Book
    Book
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402041761 , 1402041764
    Language: English
    Pages: XII, 273 S. , graph. Darst. , 25cm
    Series Statement: Synthese library 332
    Series Statement: Synthese library
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.44
    RVK:
    Keywords: Pragmatics ; Semantics ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. [257]-267) and index
    URL: Cover
    URL: Cover
    URL: Cover
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9781402037290
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Synthese library v. 329
    RVK:
    Keywords: Logic ; Pragmatism ; Semantics ; Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Mathematics ; Peirce, Charles S. 1839-1914 ; Spieltheorie ; Sprachphilosophie ; Zeichen ; Kommunikation ; Sprachphilosophie ; Zeichen ; Peirce, Charles S. 1839-1914 ; Semiotik ; Logik
    Abstract: Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914) was one of the United States' most original and profound thinkers, and a prolific writer. Peirce's game theory-based approaches to the semantics and pragmatics of signs and language, to the theory of communication, and to the evolutionary emergence of signs, provide a toolkit for contemporary scholars and philosophers. Drawing on unpublished manuscripts, the book offers a rich, fresh picture of the achievements of a remarkable man.
    Abstract: Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), the principal subject of this book, was one of the most profound and prolific thinkers and scientists to have come out of the United States. His pragmatic logic and scientific methodology largely represent the application of interactive and intercommunicative triadic processes, best viewed as strategic and dialogic conceptualisations of logical aspects of thought, reasoning and action. These viewpoints also involve pragmatic issues in communicating linguistic signs, and are unified in his diagrammatic logic of existential graphs. The various game-theoretic approaches to the semantics and pragmatics of signs and language, to the theory of communication, and to the evolutionary emergence of signs, provide a contemporary toolkit, the relevance of which Peirce envisioned to a wondrous extent. This work sheds considerable new light on these and other aspects of Peirce s philosophy and his pragmatic theory of meaning. Many of his most significant writings in this context reflect his later thinking, covering roughly the last 15-20 years of his life, and they are still unpublished. Drawing comprehensively from his unpublished manuscripts, the book offers a fresh and rich picture of this remarkable man s original involvement with logical aspects of thought in action.
    Description / Table of Contents: An introduction to peirce's logic and semeiotics; From pragmatism to the pragmatics of communication; Peirce's game-theoretic ideas in logic; Moving pictures of thought I; Moving pictures of thought II; Existence, constructivism, models, modalities; Spiel-trieb operationalised: semantic games in logic and language; Logic, language games and ludics; Dialogue foundations and informal logic; Games as formal tools versus games as explanations; The evolution of semantics and language games for meaning; Common ground, relevance and other notions of pragmatics: from peirce to grice and beyond
    Description / Table of Contents: Peirce's theory of communication and its contemporary relevanceGames VIS-À-VIS multi-agent systems: a peircean manifesto; Final words
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 465-484) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402044854
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Studies in theoretical psycholinguistics v. 35
    DDC: 401.43
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Comparative Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Semantics ; Semantik ; Spracherwerb
    Abstract: Contains a collection of writings that focuses on semantic phenomena and their interpretation in the analysis of the language of a learner. This volume addresses a variety of phenomena such as: temporal aspect and tense, specificity, quantification, scope, finiteness, focus structure, and focus particles
    Description / Table of Contents: 'Mismatches' of Form and Interpretation; Watching Noun Phrases Emerge: Seeking Compositionality; Cross-Linguistic Acquisition of Complement Tense; Everybody Knows; The Effect of Context on Children'S Interpretations of Universally Quantified Sentences; Structure and Meaning in the Acquisition of Scope; Time for Children: An Integrated Stage Model of Aspect and Tense; State Change and Temporal Reference in Inuktitut Child Language; Temporal Adverbials and Early Tense and Aspect Markers in the Acquisition of Dutch; On Finiteness; Functions of Finiteness in Child Language
    Description / Table of Contents: Additive Particles and Scope Marking in Child German(Un)Stressed ook in Child Dutch
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9781402047961
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics & Philosophy S., v. 82
    DDC: 100
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Applied Linguistics ; Phonology ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Konferenzschrift 2001 ; Bedeutung ; Intonation ; Thema-Rhema-Gliederung
    Abstract: Contains a collection of papers exploring the cross-linguistic expression of topic and focus. This book presents a collection of a diverse set of perspectives from some of the leading scholars in the areas of semantics and intonation. It examines both semantic and intonational features of topic and focus from a broad typological perspective
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; Preface; Gorka Elordieta; Constraints on Intonational Prominence of Focalized Constituents; Ardis Eschenberg; Polish Narrow Focus Constructions; David Gil; Intonation and Thematic Roles In Riau Indonesian; Matthew Gordon; The Intonational Realization of Contrastive Focus in Chickasaw; Carlos Gussenhoven; Types of Focus in English; Nancy Hedberg and Juan M. Sosa; The Prosody of Topic and Focus in Spontaneous English Dialogue; Emiel Krahmer and Marc Swerts; Perceiving Focus; Manfred Krifka; The Semantics of Questions and the Focusation of Answers; Chungmin Lee
    Description / Table of Contents: Contrastive (Predicate) Topic, Intonation and Scalar MeaningsKimiko Nakanishi; Prosody and Scope Interpretations of the Topic Marker WA in Japanese; Ho-Hsien Pan; Focus and Taiwanese Unchecked Tones; Elisabeth Selkirk; Bengali Intonation Revisited: An Optimally Theoretic Analysis in which FOCUS Stress Prominence Drives FOCUS Phrasing; Mark Steedman; Information-Structural Semantics for English Intonation; Klaus Von Heusinger; Discourse Structure and Intonational Phrasing;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402032448
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 63
    DDC: 492.456
    RVK:
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semantics ; Semitic Languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Hebräisch ; Morphosyntax ; Wortwurzel ; Hebräisch ; Morphosyntax ; Wortwurzel
    Abstract: In-depth investigation of Hebrew verb morphology in light of cutting edge theories of morphology and lexical semantics An original theory about the semantic content of roots An account of how roots function in word-formation A wide empirical basis containing a complete corpus of verb-creating roots in Hebrew
    Abstract: This book is simultaneously a theoretical study in morphosyntax and an in-depth empirical study of Hebrew. Based on Hebrew data, the book defends the status of the root as a lexical and phonological unit and argues that roots, rather than verbs or nouns, are the primitives of word formation. A central claim made throughout the book is the role of locality in word formation, teasing apart word formation from roots and word formation from existing words syntactically, semantically and phonologically. The book focuses on Hebrew, a language with rich verb morphology, where both roots and noun- and verb-creating morphology are morphologically transparent. The study of Hebrew verbs is based on a corpus of all Hebrew verb-creating roots, offering, for the first time, a survey of the full array of morpho-syntactic forms seen in the Hebrew verb. While the focus of this study is on how roots function in word-formation, a central chapter studies the information encoded by the Hebrew root, arguing for a special kind of open-ended value, bounded within the classes of meaning analyzed by lexical semanticists. The book is of wide interest to students of many branches of linguistics, including morphology, syntax and lexical semantics, as well as of to students Semitic languages.
    Description / Table of Contents: Roots: Where Syntax, Morphology, and the Lexicon Meet; The Noun-Verb Asymmetry in Hebrew: When Are Patterns Obligatory?; The Contents of the Root: Multiple Contextualized Meaning in Hebrew; The Morphological Consequences of MCM: An Intermediate Summary; Roots Across Patterns in Hebrew; A Theory of Hebrew Verbal Morpho-Syntax; Roots in Word-Formation: The Root Hypothesis Revisited
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 275-281) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402030338
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 62
    DDC: 415/.63
    RVK:
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Semantics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Aspekt
    Abstract: The study of the linguistic reflexes of aspect has been an active field of research in various sub-disciplines of linguistics, such as syntax, semantics (including discourse theory) and acquisition studies. However, communication and dissemination of results across these various subfields has often been indirect. The different angles brought together give us a comprehensive picture of the representation of aspect in the mind/brain of the speaker. The papers in this volume represent the results of a workshop on the syntax, semantics and acquisition of aspect held in 2002 whose purpose was to foment active cross-disciplinary communication. A number of the papers examine the syntactic representation of lexical or situation aspect, while others focus on the syntactic interaction of lexical aspect with grammatical aspect, and of grammatical aspect and tense. Other papers examine the role of aspect in discourse representations, while a third group of papers reports on results of empirical studies on the acquisition of aspect in both first and second language acquisition, and patterns of loss of morphosyntactic reflexes of aspect in language attrition.
    Description / Table of Contents: Issues and Interfaces in the Study of Aspect; Topic or Aspect; Some Notes on the Syntax of Quantity; Articulated vPS and the Computation of Aspectual Classes; Flavors of v; Semi-Copulas; PP, FP and the Telic/Atelic Distinction in Norwegian Motion Constructions; The Spatio-Temporal Path and Aspectual Composition; Aspect and Temporal Modification; Aspectual Entities and Tense in Discourse; Stage Structure and Stage Salience for Event Semantics; Aspectual Viewpoints, Speech Act Functions and Discourse Structure; Child Non-Finite Clauses and the Mood-Aspect Connection; Imperfect Imperfectives
    Description / Table of Contents: L2 Acquisition of Aspectual Distinctions in PolishAspect Lost, Aspect Regained; Tracking the Elusive Imperfect in Adult L2 Acquisition
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. [421]-449) and index , The papers in this volume represent the results of the Workshop on the Syntax, Semantics, and Acquisition of Aspect, held at the University of Iowa in May 2002 , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402023019
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: En]Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 81
    DDC: 415
    RVK:
    Keywords: Semantics ; Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Artificial intelligence ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Ellipse ; Satz
    Abstract: The papers in this volume address two main topics:Q1: What is the nature, and especially the scope, of ellipsis in natural language? Q2: What are the linguistic/philosophical implications of what one takes the nature/scope of ellipsis to be? Each of these main topics includes a large sub-part that deals specifically with nonsentential speech. Within the first main topic, Q1, there arises the sub-issue of whether nonsentential speech falls within the scope of ellipsis or not, within the second main topic, Q2, there arises the sub-issue of what linguistic/philosophical implications follow, if nonsentential speech does/does not count as ellipsis. This book is unique in that it offers the reader, Papers on the boundary between philosophy and linguistics, Applications of advanced work in theoretical linguistics to traditional philosophical questions, It is the only volume of papers ever published on sub-sentential speech, Major contribution to our understanding of ellipsis in natural language, presently a central topic in syntactic theory. This book is of interest to professionals and advanced graduate students in the fields of philosophy of language, semantics, and syntax.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Against Reconstruction in Ellipsis; The Semantics of Nominal Exclamatives; Nonsententials in Minimalism; A Note on Alleged Cases of Nonsentential Assertion; On the Interpretation and Performance of Non-Sentential Assertions; Non-Sentences, Implicature, and Success in Communication; The Link between Sentences and 'Assertion': An Evolutionary Accident?; Knowledge by Acquaintance and Meaning in Isolation; Co-Extensive Theories and Unembedded Definite Descriptions; The Ellipsis Account of Fiction-Talk; Quinean Interpretation and Anti-Vernacularism
    Description / Table of Contents: Saying What You Mean: Unarticulated Constituents and Communication
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402032325
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 32
    DDC: 401.9
    RVK:
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Germanic Languages ; Romance Languages ; Semantics ; Slavic languages ; Konferenzschrift 2001 ; Tempus ; Kontrastive Linguistik ; Aspekt
    Abstract: This book offers both a retrospective view on how theories of aspectuality have developed over the past 30 years, and presents current, new directions of aspectuality research.The articles in this book take a wide crosslinguistic scope including aspectual analyses of the following languages: English and two varieties of English: African American English and Colloquial Singapore English, Italian, French, Bulgarian, Czech, Mandarin Chinese, West-Greenlandic, Wakashan languages, and Nahk-Daghestanian languages.
    Abstract: The aim of this book is two-fold: to offer a retrospective view on the past thirty years of research on aspectuality and temporality as well as to develop new perspectives on the future development of the field. Articles contain overviews of the development of the field and/or present the state of the art of current research, suggesting new and upcoming lines of research. An important theme throughout the book is typological variation, and the relevance of empirical data for theory formation. Together the articles in the book take a wide crosslinguistic scope including aspectual analyses of English, and two varieties of English: African American English and Colloquial Singapore English, Italian, French, Bulgarian, Czech, Mandarin Chinese, West-Greenlandic, Wakashan languages, and Nakh-Daghestanian languages. Audience: Scholars and students of aspectuality in semantics and at the syntax-semantics interface.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introducing Perspectives on Aspect; Aspectual Composition: Surveying the Ingredients; Quantized Direct Objects Don't Delimit After All; Quantification and Aspect; Prepositions and Results in Italian and English: An Analysis from Event Decomposition; Atelicity, Pluractionality, and Adverbial Quantification; On Accumulating and Having IT All; Adverbs of Completion in an Event Semantics; Eventualities, Grammar, and Language Diversity; From Habituals to Futures; Perfective Aspect and Accomplishment Situations in Mandarin Chinese; The Past Perfective and Present Perfect in African-American English
    Description / Table of Contents: Tense and Aspectual be in Child African American EnglishUnmarked Already
    Note: "In December 2001 the Utrecht Institute of Linguistics hosted a conference entitled Perspectives on Aspect"--pref , Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401709521
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 329 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Text, Speech and Language Technology 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Semantics ; Linguistics ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Semiotics. ; Natural language processing (Computer science).
    Abstract: Most of the books about computational (lexical) semantic lexicons deal with the depth (or content) aspect of lexicons, ignoring the breadth (or coverage) aspect. This book presents a first attempt in the community to address both issues: content and coverage of computational semantic lexicons, in a thorough manner. Moreover, it addresses issues which have not yet been tackled in implemented systems such as the application time of lexical rules. Lexical rules and lexical underspecification are also contrasted in implemented systems. The main approaches in the field of computational (lexical) semantics are represented in the present book (including Wordnet, CyC, Mikrokosmos, Generative Lexicon). This book embraces several fields (and subfields) as different as: linguistics (theoretical, computational, semantics, pragmatics), psycholinguistics, cognitive science, computer science, artificial intelligence, knowledge representation, statistics and natural language processing. The book also constitutes a very good introduction to the state of the art in computational semantic lexicons of the late 1990s
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401142311
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 73
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semantics ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Semiotics. ; Natural language processing (Computer science).
    Abstract: Computational semantics is concerned with computing the meanings of linguistic objects such as sentences, text fragments, and dialogue contributions. As such it is the interdisciplinary child of semantics, the study of meaning and its linguistic encoding, and computational linguistics, the discipline that is concerned with computations on linguistic objects. From one parent computational semantics inherits concepts and techniques that have been developed under the banner of formal (or model-theoretic) semantics. This blend of logic and linguistics applies the methods of logic to the description of meaning. From the other parent the young discipline inherits methods and techniques for parsing sentences, for effective and efficient representation of syntactic structure and logical form, and for reasoning with semantic information. Computational semantics integrates and further develops these methods, concepts and techniques. This book is a collection of papers written by outstanding researchers in the newly emerging field of computational semantics. It is aimed at those linguists, computer scientists, and logicians who want to know more about the algorithmic realisation of meaning in natural language and about what is happening in this field of research. There is a general introduction by the editors
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789401706896
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 347 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook [1998], Institut ‘Wiener Kreis’ Society for the Advancement of the Scientific World Conception 6
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Semantics ; Logic ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematics. ; History. ; Mathematical logic. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: The larger part of Yearbook 6 of the Institute Vienna Circle constitutes the proceedings of a symposium on Alfred Tarski and his influence on and interchanges with the Vienna Circle, especially those on and with Rudolf Carnap and Kurt Gödel. It is the first time that this topic has been treated on such a scale and in such depth. Attention is mainly paid to the origins, development and subsequent role of Tarski's definition of truth. Some contributions are primarily historical, others analyze logical aspects of the concept of truth. Contributors include Anita and Saul Feferman, Jan Wolenski, Jan Tarski and Hans Sluga. Several Polish logicians contributed: Gzegorczyk, Wójcicki, Murawski and Rojszczak. The volume presents entirely new biographical material on Tarski, both from his Polish period and on his influential career in the United States: at Harvard, in Princeton, at Hunter, and at the University of California at Berkeley. The high point of the analysis involves Tarski's influence on Carnap's evolution from a narrow syntactical view of language, to the ontologically more sophisticated but more controversial semantical view. Another highlight involves the interchange between Tarski and Gödel on the connection between truth and proof and on the nature of metalanguages. The concluding part of Yearbook 6 includes documentation, book reviews and a summary of current activities of the Institute Vienna Circle. Jan Tarski introduces letters written by his father to Gödel; Paolo Parrini reports on the Vienna Circle's influence in Italy; several reviews cover recent books on logical empiricism, on Gödel, on cosmology, on holistic approaches in Germany, and on Mauthner
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401145992
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Artificial intelligence ; Psycholinguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: At present there exists no empirically-motivated theory of how perceivers assign a grammatically-permissible interpretation to a sentence. Implicit in many investigations of language comprehension is the idea that each constituent of a sentence is interpreted by the perceiver at the earliest conceivable point, using all potentially relevant sources of information. A variety of counter examples are presented to argue against this implicit theory of sentence interpretation. It is argued that an explicit alternative theory is needed to specify which decisions are made at which points during interpretive processing and to spell out the principles governing the processor's preferred choice at points of ambiguity or uncertainty. Several specific issues are taken concerning how the processor assigns a focal structure to an input sentence, how it identifies the topic of the sentence, how implicit restrictors on the domain of quantification are interpreted and how the identification of the content of a restrictor may guide the processor's use of discourse information. Exploiting intuitions about preferred interpretations of ambiguous sentences as well as the results of both old and new experimental studies, a theory of the preferred interpretation of Determiner Phrases is presented. This work explores important, but overlooked questions in on-line sentence interpretation and attempts to erect some of the scaffolding for an eventual theory of sentence interpretation
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  • 17
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401152723
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 68
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Japanese language ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Computational linguistics ; Asia—Languages. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Study and teaching.
    Abstract: This book is a collection of articles on Japanese grammars written in a framework broadly construed as constraint-based. Having evolved from a progress report on the Japanese phrase structure grammar (JPSG) project, it implements ideas from recent developments in phrase structure grammar formalism, such as head-drive phrase structure grammar (HPSG). Part I gives an overview of JPSG, introducing fundamental assumptions and discussing mostly syntactic and semantic aspects of Japanese in the constraint-based formalism, as well as the implementation of a parser based on the grammar. The papers in Part II discuss mostly pragmatic aspects of Japanese. Innovative concepts are introduced in Part I, such as the concept of cost, which plays a central role both in the treatment of quantifiers and phonology, and is used extensively in the treatment of conditionals in Part II. Stress is also placed on the role of discourse participants; the analysis of relativization adopted in Part I is partly based on zero pronominals, whose interpretation is left to pragmatics. This issue is further pursued in Part II and may serve as one possible avenue to explore pragmatics
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  • 18
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401737203
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Yearbook of Morphology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Phonology ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Semiotics. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Phonology.
    Abstract: A revival of interest in morphology has occurred during recent years. The Yearbook of Morphology series, published since 1988, has proven to be an eminent support for this upswing of morphological research, since it contains articles on topics which are central in the current theoretical debates which are frequently referred to. The Yearbook of Morphology 1998 focuses on two issues: the position of inflection in the grammar, and the interaction of morphology with phonology, in particular the problem of allomorphy. In addition, this volume presents a study of the relation between transposition and argument structure, a declarative model of word formation applied to conversion in German, an analysis of Dutch verbal compounds and a study of the semantic aspects of nominalization. The relevant evidence comes from a wide variety of languages. Theoretical, descriptive, and historical linguists, morphologists, phonologists, and psycholinguists will find this book of interest
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  • 19
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401591775
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 286 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 43
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    Keywords: Greek philology ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Comparative linguistics ; Greek language. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: This volume contains thirteen studies on various aspects of Greek syntax, as well as a general introduction by the editors. In recent years, the study of Greek has become important for the development of generative theory. The various contributions to this volume demonstrate clearly how much the field of Greek syntax has grown both in range and depth. The topics investigated include the phrase structure of clauses and nominal phrases, clitics in standard Greek and in dialects, the licensing of negative polarity items, the nature of sentential operators, control, argument structure and compounds. The studies highlight the importance of Greek for the development of a satisfactory theory of comparative syntax
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  • 20
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401592437
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 146 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Topoi Library 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Semantics ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Mathematical logic. ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book is a study of the foundations of model-theoretic semantics. Its central thesis is that one does not need to assume a perfect structural fit between languages and their models in order to characterise the basic semantic notions. In particular, truth-value gaps and gluts can be explained away as local phenomena that do not bring logical disaster in their wake. Varzi's detailed and original account is based on a generalisation of supervaluationary techniques and is illustrated with reference to a range of different types of examples, from sentential logic to type theory. Audience: The book is self-contained and will appeal to philosophers, logicians, linguists and computer scientists
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  • 21
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401727464
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 379 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Text, Speech and Language Technology 6
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semantics ; Computer engineering ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Semiotics. ; Electrical engineering.
    Abstract: This book presents, by means of a number of articles, a survey and a set of projects in computational lexical semantics. The most crucial aspects of ongoing research on predicates are presented: verb semantic classifications, relations between syntax and semantics, Wordnet for Verbs, multilinguism, lexical knowledge bases and lexical acquisition, the generative lexicon. Predicative Forms in Natural Language and in Lexical Knowledge Bases is designed for professors, researchers and graduate students in the area of language processing and semantics
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  • 22
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401592338
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 221 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 284
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The nature of truth is one of the central philosophical problems of all time. Truth and Its Nature (if Any) draws together contributions from outstanding analytic philosophers who approach the problem within the context established by the results of Alfred Tarski. The main focus of the majority of the contributions is on the recent debate between the `deflationist' denigration of the truth predicate into a mere contentless grammatical device and `inflationists', who insist, on the contrary, that truth is a crucially deep and substantial concept. The book is divided into four parts. The first is devoted to a reconsideration of some of the classical ideas about truth (especially those of Frege, James and Carnap). The second concentrates on Tarski and on ways to interpret his achievements from our current perspective. The third discusses Donald Davidson's `inflationist' approach to truth and on reasons for seeing truth as substantial. The fourth concentrates on the `deflationist' approach of Paul Horwich
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789401710701
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 202 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 79
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: As usual, the Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Cognitive Science include leading-edge work by outstanding researchers in the field. This volume contains three kinds of papers corresponding to three of the main disciplines in cognitive science: philosophy, psychology, and artificial intelligence. The title - Cognition, Agency and Rationality - captures the main issues addressed by the papers. Of course, all are concerned with cognition, but some are especially centred on the very concept of rationality, while others focus on (multiple) agency. The diversity of their disciplinary origins and standpoints not only reflects the main topics and the range of different positions presented at ICCS-97, as well as demonstrating the richness, fruitfulness and diversity of research in cognitive science today
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  • 24
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401731812
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVI, 176 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 80
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Humanities ; Artificial intelligence ; Social sciences ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: One of the most basic themes in the philosophy of language is referential uptake, viz., the question of what counts as properly `understanding' a referring act in communication. In this inquiry, the particular line pursued goes back to Strawson's work on re-identification, but the immediate influence is that of Gareth Evans. It is argued that traditional and recent proposals fail to account for success in referential communication. A novel account is developed, resembling Evans' account in combining an external success condition with a Fregean one. But, in contrast to Evans, greater emphasis is placed on the action-enabling side of communication. Further topics discussed include the role of mental states in accounting for communication, the impact of re-identification on the understanding of referring acts, and Donnellan's referential/attributive distinction. Readership: Philosophers, cognitive scientists and semanticists
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  • 25
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401155625
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Science & Technology Education Library 3
    Series Statement: Contemporary Trends and Issues in Science Education 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Education ; Semantics ; Science Study and teaching ; Humanities ; Artificial intelligence ; Sociolinguistics ; Semiotics. ; Science—Study and teaching.
    Abstract: The book employs a rich set of theoretical frames to yield a panorama of research findings having potential interest for educational researchers, policy makers, teacher educators and K-12 teachers. Roth's ideal science classrooms feature creative and inquisitive students working together to solve problems that interest them. More learning occurs at centers of high pupil density and students who participate most in on-task activities are not necessarily those who contribute or learn most. Roth identifies weaknesses of assessment based on products only and highlights the advantages of using videotapes as sources for assessment. Roth shows that student learning is not only a result of individual sense-making efforts but involves interactions between living and artifactual components of a community of participants. `This book promises to be a turning point for science educators involved in social constructivist reform; they will be challenged to reconsider the gloss that they have painted over the social dimension of knowledge construction.' Peter C. Taylor, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia
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  • 26
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401727068
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 386 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 69
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Logic ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: The eight papers collected in Plurality and Quantification address three central issues in the study of plurality and quantification in natural languages. The first major theme regards algebraic approaches to plurals and quantification that have emerged as the leading paradigm for the study of these empirical phenomena over the last decade. The second main issue concerns the philosophical and mathematical foundations of concepts such as distributivity and collectivity. Finally, the authors address a broad range of empirical phenomena in Germanic and Romance languages, including the influence of Aktionsart on plural noun phrases, negative polarity, mass terms, plural quantification, and noun phrase conjunction. Many of the papers shed new light on the question of how many readings have to be assigned to plural sentences and on the respective consequences for the architecture of the syntax-semantics interface. Furthermore, most of the contributions contain insights which bear upon the study of the structure of universal grammar. Audience: Plurality and Quantification will interest linguists, graduate students in semantics and syntax, philosophers of language and philosophical logicians interested in the semantics of natural language
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789401590129
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 218 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 71
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    Keywords: Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Linguistics ; Comparative linguistics ; Computational linguistics ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This marks the outcome of an unusual collaborative effort by leading scholars of two distinguished linguistic traditions, combining formal and functional approaches to semantics. Eva Hajicová and Petr Sgall are the leaders of the most `formal' branch of the contemporary functional Prague School tradition, while Barbara H. Partee is one of the founders of formal semantics and one of its leading contributors. In this work the authors jointly explore the relationship between theories of topic-focus structure, principally as developed in the Prague School, and the tripartite structure approach to quantification and other focus-sensitive constructions which has emerged from work in formal semantics by Heim, Kamp, Rooth, Partee, Von Finkel, Krifka, and others. The book provides a brief introduction to the most relevant aspects of both traditions, then proceeds through a dialogue between the two approaches, culminating in a synthesis in which a set of jointly developed hypotheses are examined and applied to a broad range of examples. The book will be of interest to researchers and advanced students in semantics, pragmatics, comparative English-Slavic structure, semantic typology, computational linguistics, and general linguistics theory
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  • 28
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401149983
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 309 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Yearbook of Morphology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Phonology ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Psycholinguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Phonology. ; Semiotics. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Historical linguistics.
    Abstract: Interest in morphology has revived in recent years and the Yearbook of Morphology has provided great support for this revival, with its articles on topics that are central to the current theoretical debates. The Yearbook of Morphology 1997 focuses on the relationship between morphology and other modules of the grammar, especially phonology, syntax and semantics. Among the basic questions discussed are: how does morphology differ from other modules of the grammar, syntax in particular? What are the possible forms of interaction between the modules? How does semantics constrain formal variation in morphology? The evidence adduced is derived from a variety of languages. Audience: Theoretical, descriptive and historical linguists, morphologists, phonologists, and psycholinguists
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789401718646
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 342 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 42
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    Keywords: Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Comparative linguistics ; Semiotics. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: Incomplete Category Fronting is a detailed investigation of the syntax of incomplete category fronting in German, carried out from a cross-linguistic perspective. The study presents a wealth of empirical evidence involving unbound traces created by remnant topicalization, wh-movement, scrambling, left dislocation, and extraposition. Four characteristic properties of remnant movement are identified that pose severe problems for a representational movement theory. It is argued that these properties can be fruitfully addressed on the basis of Chomsky's minimalist program, and that they follow from a derivational movement theory that incorporates the Barriers Condition, the Strict Cycle Condition, Fewest Steps, Last Resort, and the Minimal Link Condition but completely dispenses with surface filters. Incomplete Category Fronting provides an empirical underpinning for the minimalist program and presents a powerful argument for a derivational theory of grammar. Audience: Incomplete Category Fronting will interest all linguists working on theoretical syntax, Germanic syntax or the syntax-semantics interface
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789401586016
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 269 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Jaakko Hintikka Selected Papers 2
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Twentieth-century philosophy has tacitly been dominated by a deep contrast between universalist and model-theoretical visions of language. The role of this contrast is studied here in Peirce, Frege, Wittgenstein, Carnap, Quine, Husserl, Heidegger and in the development of logical theory. Hintikka also develops a new approach to truth-definitions which strongly supports the model-theoretical view
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  • 31
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401589598
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 420 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 66
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Artificial intelligence ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: `Peterson is an authority of a philosophical and linguistic industry that began in the 1960s with Vendler's work on nominalization. Natural languages distinguish syntactically and semantically between various sorts of what might be called `gerundive entities' - events, processes, states of affairs, propositions, facts, .. all referred to by sentence nominals of various kinds. Philosophers have worried for millennia over the ontology of such things or `things', but until twenty years ago they ignored all the useful linguistic evidence. Vendler not only began to straighten out the distinctions, but pursued more specific and more interesting questions such as that of what entities the causality relation relates (events? facts?). And that of the objects of knowledge and belief. But Vendler's work was only a start and Peterson has continued the task from then until now, both philosophically and linguistically. Fact Proposition Event constitutes the state of the art regarding gerundive entities, defended in meticulous detail. Peterson's ontology features just facts, proposition, and events, carefully distinguished from each other. Among his more specific achievements are: a nice treatment of the linguist's distinction between `factive' and nonfactive constructions; a detailed theory of the subjects and objects of causation, which impinges nicely on action theory; an interesting argument that fact, proposition, events are innate ideas in humans; a theory of complex events (with implications for law and philosophy of law); and an overall picture of syntax and semantics of causal sentences and action sentences. Though Peterson does not pursue them here, there are clear and significant implications for the philosophy of science, in particular for our understanding of scientific causation, causal explanation and law likeness.' Professor William Lycan, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
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  • 32
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401156066
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 349 p) , digital
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 43
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    Keywords: Semantics ; Linguistics ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: The Parameter of Aspect presents a unified theory of aspect within Universal Grammar. It provides an unusual combination of syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic approaches to a single domain, and gives detailed linguistic analyses of five languages with very different aspectual systems: English, French, Mandarin Chinese, Navajo and Russian. Extensive discussion of the linguistic evidence is complemented by a formal semantic treatment in the framework of Discourse Representation Theory, with an explicit procedure for computing aspectual meaning from syntactic surface structure. Among the theoretical innovations is a principled account of the interaction between viewpoint (perfective, imperfective) and situation type (state, event); a level of pragmatic analysis at which contrastive and inferred meanings are stated; a default analysis of sentences that are neither perfective nor imperfective in viewpoint. This second edition has been completely revised to include further development of the two-component theory, including new treatments of boundedness, dynamism and a general account of aspectual shifts. Syntactic and semantic tests are given for determining aspectual categories in all five languages
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  • 33
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401156608
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 481 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 70
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Semantics
    Abstract: Conscious experience and thought content are customarily treated as distinct problems. This book argues that they are not. Part One develops a chastened empiricist theory of content, which cedes to experience a crucial role in rooting the contents of thoughts, but deploys an expanded conception of experience and of the ways in which contents may be rooted in experience. Part Two shows how, were the world as we experience it to be, our neurophysiology would be sufficient to constitute capacities for the range of intuitive thoughts recognized by Part One. Part Three argues that physics has shown that our experience is not veridical, and that this implies that no completely plausible account of how we have thoughts is comprehensible by humans. Yet this leaves thoughts not especially suspect, because such considerations also imply that all positive and contingent human conceptions of anything are false
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789401712231
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 260 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 261
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Aesthetics ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: This book tries to explore, in language as non-technical as possible, the deepest philosophical problems regarding the logical status of empty (singular) terms such as `Pegasus', `Batman', `The impossible staircase departs in Escher's painting `Ascending-Descending'+ etc., and regarding sentences which deny the existence of singled-out fictional entities. It will be fascinating for literary theorists with a flair for logic, to students of metaphysics and philosophy of language, and for historians of philosophy interested in the fate of the Russell-Meinong debate. For teachers of these aspects of analytic philosophy this will provide a textbook which goes beyond the Western tradition (without plunging into any mystical Eastern `Emptiness', which is what some previous comparative philosophers did!)
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  • 35
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401586962
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 60
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    Keywords: Semantics ; Linguistics ; Logic ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: Semantic Indexicality shows how a simple syntax can be combined with a propositional language at the level of logical analysis. It is the adoption of such a base language which has not been attempted before, and it is this which constitutes the originality of the book. Cresswell's simple and direct style makes this book accessible to a wider audience than the somewhat specialized subject matter might initially suggest
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  • 36
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401586092
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 281 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 58
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    Keywords: Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: Tense, Attitudes, and Scope is a model-theoretic inquiry into the semantics of tense in natural language. The book presents the view that the semantic contribution of tense is made in relation to structurally higher expressions (the `relative tense theory') and argues against the view that tenses are all indexicals. This idea is formally encoded as a de se analysis of attitudes, originally proposed by Lewis, coupled with a sequence-of-tense rule posited for English. An auxiliary proposal is made to account for some exceptional cases (e.g. so-called double-access sentences), which invokes de re attitudes about temporal entities (states or intervals). Since the proposed account assumes that the interpretation of tense is structure-dependent, it also correctly predicts scope interactions between tenses and NPs. Tense, Attitudes, and Scope is intended for scholars and graduate students in formal semantics, syntax-semantics interface, philosophy of language and Japanese linguistics
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  • 37
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401727044
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 61
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Linguistics ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Pluralities begins with a concise introduction to recent theories of the semantics of plurals. The author argues, contrary to many of those theories, that plural discourse involves entities corresponding to sets of individuals but nothing corresponding to higher order sets. In the course of the book, the reader will become acquainted with the linguistics data that lies at the heart of this debate including extensive discussion of reciprocals and of collectives (such as the committee). In addition, a unique account of distributivity is proposed in which collective/distributive ambiguities are analyzed in pragmatic terms. The account capitalizes on the idea that the universe may be partitioned differently at different points in a discourse. Pluralities should be accessible to those with an introductory level background in model-theoretic semantics
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  • 38
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401586177
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 300 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 33
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Computational linguistics ; Semantics ; Grammar.
    Abstract: The relation between phrase structure and the lexicon has always been an area of prime concern in syntactic theory, but never more so than in the recently developed minimalist framework, where the lexicon is largely reduced to configurational and computational properties of the grammar. Taking this perspective as their point of departure, the authors of this volume address issues including the mapping between thematic information and phrase structure, the way in which the configurational character of functional categories determines interpretation in a theory of phrase structure, and methodological discussions about core assumptions of phrase structure itself. Some of the essential themes that emerge are that projection and interpretation go hand in hand (a successful projection in an interpretable one), and that, to a large extent, phrase structure itself encodes lexical information and determines interpretation in the thematic domain. Audience: Theoreticians in syntax, semantics and language acquisition, and in related fields
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789401712729
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 328 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 34
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Germanic languages ; Semiotics. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: Directionality and Logical Form provides a detailed treatment of the syntax of focusing particles, such as only and even in a cross-linguistic perspective. The derivation of logical forms is shown to be under the control, not only of the ECP and subjacency, but also of directionality of government and the particular word-order parameter that holds in a given language: head-final languages systematically disallow certain derivations or readings that are available in head-initial languages. The reason is that heads that deviate in their selection properties from canonical head-finality project a directionality barrier. Various strategies are explored by which this barrier can be circumvented. Although the theory is developed mainly on the basis of the head position in German, it can be directly used to explain constraints on the scope of Wh-in-situ in Bengali and closely related languages. Audience: Syntacticians and semanticists interested in parametric variation, as well as linguists working on Germanic and/or Indo-Aryan languages
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  • 40
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401586887
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 195 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 59
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Artificial intelligence ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: Interrogative Phrases and the Syntax-Semantics Interface starts by analyzing the interpretation of interrogative phrases in single and multiple constituent questions, including their interpretation under adverbs of quantification. The results are then put to work in a novel approach to some of the constraints on dependencies between fronted interrogative phrases and the associated gaps: superiority, weak crossover, as well as the so-called `weak islands' (the WH-island, the negative island and the Factive Island). It is argued that the possibility of fronting an interrogative phrase out of these configurations is determined by a semantic/pragmatic condition on questions, which requires them to be answerable. The analysis is worked out principally on Romanian, a language which allows multiple wh-fronting. The results are then extended to English. Audience: Researchers and students in syntax, semantics and their interface, as well as linguists studying the relation between the acceptability of sentences and the larger discourse context
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  • 41
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401148085
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 62
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; South Asian Languages ; Semantics ; Computational linguistics ; Semiotics. ; Asia—Languages.
    Abstract: Locality in WH Quantification argues that Logical Form, the level that mediates between syntax and semantics, is derived from S-structure by strictly local movement. The primary data for the claim of locality at LF is drawn from Hindi but English data is used in discussing the semantics of questions and relative clauses. The book takes a cross-linguistic perspective showing how the Hindi and English facts can be brought to bear on the theory of universal grammar. There are several phenomena generally thought to involve long-distance dependencies at LF, such as scope marking, long-distance list answers and correlatives. In this book they are handled by explicating novel types of local relationships that interrogative and relative clauses can enter. Amore articulated semantics is shown leading to a simpler syntax. Among other issues addressed is the switch from uniqueness/maximality effects in single WH constructions to list readings in multiple WH constructions. These effects are captured by adapting the treatment of WH expressions as quantifying over functions to the cases of multiple WH questions and correlatives. List readings due to functional dependencies are systematically distinguished from those that are based on plurality
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789401587310
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 270 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 69
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Computer science ; Genetic epistemology ; Semantics ; Logic ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Neurosciences. ; Cognitive psychology.
    Abstract: This book presents the Proceedings of the Second International Colloquium on Cognitive Science, held at San Sebastian in May, 1991, to discuss from an interdisciplinary point of view topics which are at the intersection of philosophy and cognitive science. With a total of eleven papers from leading scholars in the field, the volume provides many different theoretical approaches to the study of Categories, Consciousness and Reasoning. The book is addressed to researchers, specialists, advanced students and scholars in the fields of epistemology, philosophy of mind, psychology, semantics, logic and artificial intelligence
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  • 43
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401584456
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 381 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 56
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Linguistics ; Logic ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: Semantic underspecification is an essential and pervasive property of natural language. This monograph provides a comprehensive survey of the various phenomena in the field of ambiguity and vagueness. The book discusses the major theories of semantic indefiniteness, which have been proposed in linguistics, philosophy and computer science. It argues for a view of indefiniteness as the potential for further contextual specification, and proposes a unified logical treatment of indefiniteness on this basis. The inherent inconsistency of natural language induced by irreducible imprecision is investigated, and treated in terms of a dynamic extension of the proposed logic. The book is an extended edition of a German monograph and is addressed to advanced students and researchers in theoretical and computational linguistics, logic, philosophy of language, and NL- oriented AI. Although it makes extensive use of logical formalisms, it requires only some basic familiarity with standard predicate logic concepts since all technical terms are carefully explained
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789401585330
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 392 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 247
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Logic ; Natural language processing (Computer science). ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: A selection of papers presented at the international conference `Applied Logic: Logic at Work', held in Amsterdam in December 1992. Nowadays, the term `applied logic' has a very wide meaning, as numerous applications of logical methods in computer science, formal linguistics and other fields testify. Such applications are by no means restricted to the use of known logical techniques: at its best, applied logic involves a back-and-forth dialogue between logical theory and the problem domain. The papers focus on the application of logic to the study of natural language, in syntax, semantics and pragmatics, and the effect of these studies on the development of logic. In the last decade, the dynamic nature of natural language has been the most interesting challenge for logicians. Dynamic semantics is here applied to new topics, the dynamic approach is extended to syntax, and several methodological issues in dynamic semantics are systematically investigated. Other methodological issues in the formal studies of natural language are discussed, such as the need for types, modal operators and other logical operators in the formal framework. Further articles address the scope of these methodological issues from other perspectives ranging from cognition to computation. The volume presents papers that are interesting for graduate students and researchers in the field of logic, philosophy of language, formal semantics and pragmatics, and computational linguistics
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789401705240
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 278 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 249
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Information theory ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Semantics ; Logic ; Semiotics. ; Mathematical logic. ; Computer science.
    Abstract: The quantifier concept is central to current logical investigations. Quantifiers: Logics, Models and Computation. Volume Two: Contributions contains twelve research papers devoted to generalized quantifiers and their applications. It offers an exhaustive survey of logical methods that are useful in investigations involving generalized quantifiers. Both model-theoretical and proof-theoretical approaches are well represented. Moreover, some papers focus on the applications of logical theory, particularly in relation to semantics of natural language. The volume includes a wide-ranging survey of logical methods which are useful in investigations into generalized quantifiers. The book is the second volume of a large collection. The first volume - Quantifiers: Logics, Models and Computation. Volume One: Surveys - contains a collection of survey papers on selected, well-defined areas organized around the quantifier concept. Volumes One and Two are complementary. For logicians, mathematicians, philosophers, linguists and computer scientists. Also suitable as a text for advanced undergraduate or graduate specialized courses in logic
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  • 46
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401584685
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 240 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 253
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Semantics ; Logic ; Semiotics. ; Mathematical logic. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Doing Worlds with Words throws light on the problem of meaning as the meeting point of linguistics, logic and philosophy, and critically assesses the possibilities and limitations of elucidating the nature of meaning by means of formal logic, model theory and model-theoretical semantics. The main thrust of the book is to show that it is misguided to understand model theory metaphysically and so to try to base formal semantics on something like formal metaphysics; rather, the book states that model theory and similar tools of the analysis of language should be understood as capturing the semantically relevant, especially inferential, structure of language. From this vantage point, the reader gains a new light on many of the traditional concepts and problems of logic and philosophy of language, such as meaning, reference, truth and the nature of formal logic
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789401705226
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 424 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 248
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Information theory ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Semantics ; Logic ; Semiotics. ; Mathematical logic. ; Computer science.
    Abstract: Quantifiers: Logics, Models and Computation is the first concentrated effort to give a systematic presentation of the main research results on the subject, since the modern concept was formulated in the late '50s and early '60s. The majority of the papers are in the nature of a handbook. All of them are self-contained, at various levels of difficulty. The Introduction surveys the main ideas and problems encountered in the logical investigation of quantifiers. The Prologue, written by Per Lindström, presents the early history of the concept of generalised quantifiers. The volume then continues with a series of papers surveying various research areas, particularly those that are of current interest. Together they provide introductions to the subject from the points of view of mathematics, linguistics, and theoretical computer science. The present volume has been prepared in parallel with Quantifiers: Logics, Models and Computation, Volume Two. Contributions, which contains a collection of research papers on the subject in areas that are too fresh to be summarised. The two volumes are complementary. For logicians, mathematicians, philosophers, linguists and computer scientists. Suitable as a text for advanced undergraduate and graduate specialised courses in logic
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  • 48
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401104111
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 212 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 65
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Logic ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy—History. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: Gottlob Frege's Über Sinn und Bedeutung (`On Sense and Reference'), has come to be seen, in the century since its publication in 1892, as one of the seminal texts of analytic philosophy. It, along with the rest of Frege's writings on logic and mathematics, came to mark out a whole new domain of inquiry. This volume bears witness to the continuing importance and influence of that agenda. It contains original papers written by leading Frege scholars for the conference held in 1992 in Karlovy Vary to celebrate the publication of Frege's essay. The fourteen essays show how the questions Frege discusses in that essay connect intimately with issues much debated in current philosophy of language and philosophy of mind
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  • 49
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401585811
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 307 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 55
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Linguistics ; Logic ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: Plurality, Conjunction and Events presents a novel theory of plural and conjoined phrases, in an event-based semantic framework. It begins by reviewing options for treating the alternation between `collective' and `distributive' readings of sentences containing plural or conjoined noun phrases, including analyses from both the modern and the premodern literature. It is argued that plural and conjoined noun phrases are unambiguously group-denoting, and that the collective/distributive distinction therefore must be located in the predicates with which these noun phrases combine. More specifically, predicates must have a hidden argument place for events; the collective/distributive distinction may then be represented in the part/whole structure of these events. This allows a natural treatment of `collectivizing' adverbial expressions, and of `pluractional' affixes; it also allows a unified semantics for conjunction, in which conjoined sentences and predicates denote groups of events, much like conjoined noun phrases denote groups of individuals
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  • 50
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400995093
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (383p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Language Library, Texts and Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 1
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Interrogative in a Syntactic Framework -- Generative-Transformational Studies in English Interrogatives -- Yes—No Questions Are Not Alternative Questions -- Asking More Than One Thing at a Time -- Q-Morpheme Hypothesis -- Syntax and Semantics of Questions -- Difficult Questions -- Questions and Categories -- Answers to Questions -- Questions as Epistemic Requests -- A Prolegomenon to an Interrogative Theory of Scientific Inquiry.
    Abstract: To the philosopher, the logician, and the linguist, questions have a special fascination. The two main views of language, that it describes the world, and that it expresses thought, are not directly applicable to questions. Ques­ tions are not assertions. A question may be apt, sharp, to the point, impor­ tant, or it may be inappropriate, ambiguous, awkward, irrelevant or irreverent. But it cannot be true or false. It does not have a truth value not just because an utterance like Was the letter long? does not indicate which letter is being talked about. The indicative The letter was not long has the same indeter­ minacy. In actual context the anaphoric definite article will be resolved both for a question and for an indicative sentence. Contextual resolutions are easily found for most cross-references. A question cannot be either true or it does not describe a state of affairs. Neither does it express false, because thought, because it is an expression of suspended thought, of lack of judge­ ment. To dress it in other philosophical styles, a question is not a judgment, it is not a proposition, it is not an assertion. A philosopher may try to paraphrase a question as an indicative sentence, for instance as a statement of ignorance, or as a statement of the desire to know. Hintikka, Wachowicz and Lang explore this territory. Or he may interpret it as a meta statement intimating the direction in which the flow of the discourse is going.
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  • 51
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400994751
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Language Library, Texts and Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 8
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semantics ; Library science ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: I. Methodology and Theoretical Assumptions -- 1.1. Theoretical Framework -- 1.2. Methods of Analysis: Presupposition and Consequence -- 1.3. Aspect -- 1.4. The Corpus -- II. Aspectualizers and Events -- 2.1. Why an Event Analysis -- 2.2. The Philosophical Treatment of Events -- 2.3. A Temporal Analysis of Events -- 2.4. Other Philosophical Categories -- III. Events and Aspectual Verb-Types: Activities, Accomplishments, Achievements, States, and Series -- 3.1. Events and Aspectual Verb-types -- 3.2. Distinguishing Among Activities, Accomplishments, Achievements, States, and Series -- IV. A Detailed Characterization of Aspectualizers — I: Begin and Start Compared -- 4.1. Descriptive Approach: Syntactic and Semantic Properties -- 4.2. Begin and Start -- V. A Detailed Characterization of Aspectualizers — II: Continue, Keep, Resume, and Repeat Compared -- 5.1. Keep and Continue compared -- 5.2. Resume -- 5.3. Repeat -- VI. A Detailed Characterization of Aspectualizers — III: Stop, Quit, and Cease Compared -- 6.1. Stop and Quit Compared -- 6.2. Stop and Cease -- VII. A Detailed Characterization of Aspectualizers — IV: Finish, End, and Complete Compared -- 7.1. Finish and End Compared -- 7.2. Finish and Complete -- VIII. A Summary of the Syntactic and Semantic Characteristics of Aspectualizers -- 8.1. The Syntactic Form of the Complements -- 8.2. to V and V-ing Compared -- 8.3. Presuppositions, Consequences, and Co-occurrences with Different Aspectual Verb-types -- 8.4. Other Properties of Aspectualizers Summarized -- Table I: Aspectualizers with Noun Objects -- Table II: Presuppositions and Consequences of Aspectualizers -- Table III: Aspectualizers with Different Complement Verb-types -- Data Sources -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Complementation has received a great deal of attention in the past fifteen to twenty years; various approcahes have been used to study it and different groups of complement-taking verbs have been examined. The approach taken here employs analytic techniques which have not been systematically applied before to this group of temporal aspectual verbs. In other works which have concentrated on these same verbs (perlmutter, 1968, 1970 and Newmeyer, 1969a, 1969b) few insights about the semantic properties of the verbs are formalized. In the present study, the various verbs and their complement structures as they appear in surface forms are considered for their associated presuppositions and consequences (entailments). The notions of presup­ position and consequence are defmed and used so as to take conversational interaction into consideration. This adds considerably to the information that can be obtained about the verbs in question. Furthermore, the analysis of these temporal aspectual verbs leads to a description of their complement structures in terms of 'events', a semantic category found to appropriately characterize the quality of most of these structures. In this analysis, events are described as consisting of several different temporal segments; thus the sentences contained in the complements of these verbs are described as naming events, each containing one or more of several possible temporal segments. The aspectualizers in tum, act as referentials, each referring to one or another of the event-segments named in their complements.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789400994737
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (448p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Montague’s General Theory of Languages and Linguistic Theories of Syntax and Semantics -- 1.1 The meaning of “Universal” in “Universal Grammar” -- 1.2 Syntax in the UG Theory and in Linguistic Theories -- 1.3 Semantics in UG -- 1.4 Interpretation by Means of Translation -- 1.5 Preliminaries to the Analysis of Word Meaning -- Notes -- 2. The Semantics of Aspectual Classes of Verbs in English -- 2.1 The Development of Decomposition Analysis in Generative Semantics -- 2.2The Aristotle-Ryle-Kenny-Vendler Verb Classification -- 2.3 An Aspect Calculus -- 2.4The Aspect Calculus as Restricting Possible Word Meanings -- Notes -- 3. Interval Semantics and the Progressive Tense -- 3.1 The Imperfective Paradox -- 3.2 Truth Conditions Relative to Intervals, not Moments -- 3.3 Revised Truth Conditions for BECOME -- 3.4 Truth Conditions for the Progressive -- 3.5 Motivating the Progressive Analysis Independently of Accomplishment Sentences -- 3.6 On the Notion of ‘Likeness’ Among Possible Worlds -- 3.7 Extending the Analysis to the “Futurate Progressive” -- 3.8 Another Look at the Vendler Classification in an Interval-Based Semantics -- Notes -- 4. Lexical Decomposition in Montague Grammar -- 4.1 Existing “Lexical Decomposition” in the PTQ Grammar -- 4.2 The General Form of Decomposition Translations: Lambda Abstraction vs. Predicate Raising -- 4.3 Morphologically Derived Causatives and Inchoatives -- 4.4 Prepositional Phrase Accomplishments -- 4.5 Accomplishments with Two Prepositional Phrases -- 4.6 Prepositional Phrase Adjuncts vs. Prepositional Phrase Complements -- 4.7 Factitive Constructions -- 4.8 Periphrastic Causatives -- 4.9 By-Phrases in Accomplishment Sentences -- 4.10 Causative Constructions in Other Languages -- Notes -- 5. Linguistic Evidence for the Two Strategies of Lexical Decomposition -- 5.1 Arguments that Constraints on Syntactic Rules Rule Out “Impossible” Lexical Items -- 5.2 Arguments that Familiar Transformations Also Apply Pre-Lexically -- 5.3 Pronominalization of Parts of Lexical Items -- 5.4 Scope Ambiguities with Almost -- 5.5 Scope Ambiguities with Adverbs: Have-Deletion Cases -- 5.6 Scope Ambiguities with Adverbs: Accomplishment Cases -- 5.7 Arguments from Re- and Reversative Un- -- 5.8 Accommodating the Adverb Scope Data in a PTQ Grammar -- 5.9 Overpredictions of the Generative Semantics Hypothesis -- 5.10 Concluding Evaluation -- Notes -- 6. The Syntax and Semantics of Word Formation: Lexical Rules -- 6.1 Montague’s Program and Lexical Rules -- 6.2 A Lexical Component For a Montague Grammar -- 6.3 Lexical Rules and Morphology -- 6.4 Lexical Rules and Syntax -- 6.5 Examples of Lexical Rules -- 6.6 Problems for Research in the Pragmatics and in the Semantics of Word Formation -- Notes -- 7. The Syntax and Semantics of Tenses and Time Adverbials in English: An English Fragment -- 7.1 The Syncategorematic Nature of Tense-Time Adverbial Interaction -- 7.2 Rules for “Main Tense” Adverbials -- 7.3 Aspectual Adverbials: For an Hour and In an Hour -- 7.4 The Syntactic Structure of the Auxiliary -- 7.5 The Present Perfect -- 7.6 Negation -- 7.7 An English Fragment -- Notes -- 8. Intensions and Psychological Reality -- Notes -- References.
    Abstract: The most general goal of this book is to propose and illustrate a program of research in word semantics that combines some of the methodology and results in linguistic semantics, primarily that of the generative semantics school, with the rigorously formalized syntactic and semantic framework for the analysis of natural languages developed by Richard Montague and his associates, a framework in which truth and denotation with respect to a model are taken as the fundamental semantic notions. I hope to show, both from the linguist's and the philosopher's point of view, not only why this synthesis can be undertaken but also why it will be useful to pursue it. On the one hand, the linguists' decompositions of word meanings into more primitive parts are by themselves inherently incomplete, in that they deal only in distinctions in meaning without providing an account of what mean­ ings really are. Not only can these analyses be made complete by a model­ theoretic semantics, but also such an account of these analyses renders them more exact and more readily testable than they could ever be otherwise.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789400994959
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (267p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Language Library, Texts and Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 9
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Celtic languages ; Semiotics. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. The Syntax of Relative Clauses -- 2.1. Basic Data -- 2.2. Movement or Deletion? -- 2.3. A Deletion Analysis -- 2.4. Relative Clause Binding -- 2.5. Island Constraints on Relative Deletion -- 2.6. Against the Head-Raising Analysis -- 2.7. Conclusion -- 2.8. Another Relative Clause Type -- Notes -- 3. The Syntax of Questions -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. The Relation between Relatives and Constituent Questions -- 3.3. A Deletion Analysis -- 3.4. In Defence of the Deletion Analysis -- 3.5. The Internal Structure of QNP -- 3.6. Adjectival and Adverbial Questions -- 3.7. On the Status of the Category Q -- 3.8. Yes/No Questions -- 3.9. Conclusion -- 3.10. Postscript -- Notes -- 4. Indexing and the Formalization of Accessibility Constraints -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Relative Clauses and Nominal Constituent Questions -- 4.3. Deictic Pronouns -- 4.4. Cleft Sentences -- 4.5. On Formalizing the Accessibility Constraints -- 4.6. Conclusion -- Notes -- 5. The Complementizer System -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. The Data -- 5.3. Further Predictions -- 5.4. Disputed Data -- Notes -- 6. Deep Structure Syntax -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Phrase Structure Rules -- 6.3. The Lexicon -- 6.4. Generating Deep Structure Trees -- Notes -- 7. Semantic Interpretation -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Type Assignment -- 7.3. Translating the Lexicon -- 7.4. Translation Rules -- 7.5. Subcategorizational and Adverbial Uses of Prepositional Phrases -- 7.6. Noun Phrases -- 7.7. Questions -- Notes -- 8. Theoretical Postscript -- 8.1. On the Universal Characterisation of Constituent Questions -- 8.2. Deep Structure vs. Surface Structure Interpretation.
    Abstract: This piece of work began life as a doctoral thesis written at the University of Texas between 1976 and 1978. Now after a year in Dublin it is to become a book. Of the many people in the Department of Linguistics at Texas who shaped my interests and who helped me through the writing of the thesis, I must single out Lee Baker, Lauri Karttunen, Bill Ladusaw, Sue Schmerling and Stanley Peters for special gratitude. All of them have provided specific suggestions which have improved this work, but perhaps more .importantly they provided a uniquely stimulating and harmonious environment in which to work, and a demanding set of professional standards to live up to. To Ken Hale lowe a particular debt of gratitude - for two years of encour­ agement and suggestions, and particularly for a set of detailed comments on an earlier version of the book which led to many changes for the better. I also thank my friends Per-Kristian Halvorsen and Elisabet Engdahl, both of whom took the trouble to provide me with detailed criticisms and comments. In Dublin I am grateful to the School of Celtic Studies of the Institute for Advanced Studies for giving me the opportunity of teaching a seminar on many of the topics covered in the book and of exposing the material to people whose knowledge of the language is unequalled. Donal 6 Baoill and Liam Breatnach have been particularly helpful.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789400998209
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Language Library, Texts and Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 2
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Aims -- 1.2 Beyond Syntax -- 1.3 Bloomfield’s Dilemma -- 1.4 The Research Strategy of the Isolable Subsystem -- 1.5 Theories of Language vs. Language Analysis -- 1.6 Theories of Logic -- 1.7 Logico-Linguistics -- 2. Information and Language -- 2.1 Information States -- 2.2 Input and Output -- 2.3 Information Automata -- 2.4 Language Automata -- 2.5 Black-Box Methodology -- 2.6 The What-Do-You-Know? Game -- 2.7 The Behavior-Analytic Interpretation of Language Automata -- 2.8 The Linguistic Priority of the Language Automaton -- 2.9 Languages -- 2.10 Summary -- 3. On Describing Languages -- 3.1 Descriptive Strategies -- 3.2 Descriptive Equivalence -- 3.3 Language Descriptions as Scientific Theories -- 3.4 Basic Evidence Propeties -- 3.5 The Evidence-Gathering Process -- 4. Language and Deductive Logic -- 4.1 Idealizations -- 4.2 Logical Relationships -- 4.3 Properties of the Logical Relationships -- 4.4 Logics -- 4.5 Informative Languages have Incomplete Logics -- 4.6 Quasi-logical Relationships -- 4.7 Quasi-logical Relationships are often Logical -- 4.8 Logic in the Evidence-Gathering Process -- 5. Semantics, Axiomatics -- 5.1 Semantically Structuralizable Languages -- 5.2 Examples of Artifical Semantically Structuralizable Languages -- 5.3 A Fragment of English -- 5.4 Semantics and Deductive Logic -- 5.5 Axiomatic Language Descriptions -- 5.6 Other Language Families -- 5.7 Logic as a Branch of Linguistics -- 5.8 Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics -- 6. Meaning -- 6.1 Purports and Imports -- 6.2 Purport-Import Glossaries -- 6.3 Specialized Glossaries -- 6.4 Synonymy -- 7. Language and Inductive Logic -- 7.1 Credibility Weights -- 7.2 Probability Weights -- 7.3 Deductive Logic in Probability-Weighted Languages -- 7.4 The Semantics of Probability-Weighted Languages -- 7.5 Plausible Inference -- 7.6 Statistical Inference -- 7.7 Inductive Reasoning -- 7.8 Extended Semantics -- 8. ‘If-Then’: A Case Study in Logico-Linguistic Analysis -- 8.1 Preliminary Statement of Hypotheses to be Tested -- 82 History of Hypothesis A -- 8.3 History of Hypothesis B -- 8.4 History of Other Hypotheses -- 8.5 Delineation of Constructions of Interest -- 8.6 The Working Hypothesis of Extended Semantic Structuralizability -- 8.7 Exact Statement of Hypothesis A -- 8.8 Exact Statement of Hypothesis B -- 8.9 Remarks on Hypothesis B -- 8.10 Contraposition -- 8.11 Methodological Review -- 8.12 The Hypothetical Syllogism -- 8.13 Further Inference Patterns -- 8.14 The Paradoxes of Material Implication -- 8.15 The Second Paradox Re-examined Dynamically -- 8.16 Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens -- 8.17 Order of Premises -- 8.18 Incompatible Conditionals -- 8.19 Self-Contradictory Conditionals -- 8.20 Aristole’s Slip -- 8.21 Incompleteness of the Rules Governing Conditionals -- 8.22 Logically Disjunct Conditionals -- 8.23 Negations of Conditionals -- 8.24 Conjunctions of Conditionals -- 8.25 Conditionals Containing Other Conditionals -- 8.26 Lewis Carroll’s Barbershop Paradox -- 8.27 Disjunctions of Conditionals -- 8.28 Conclusions about If—then -- 8.29 Further Case Studies -- 8.30 Concluding Remark -- 9. Problem Areas and Computer Applications -- 9.1 Choice of Linguistic Unit -- 9.2 Ambiguity -- 9.3 Context-Dependence -- 9.4 Linguistic Incompleteness -- 9.5 Non-declarative Sentences -- 9.6 Physical Realizability -- 9.7 Automatic Question-Answering -- 9.8 Enthymemes, Analyticity -- 9.9 Further Computer Applications -- 9.10 Artificial Intelligence -- 9.11 The Future -- References.
    Abstract: In 1962 a mimeographed sheet of paper fell into my possession. It had been prepared by Ernest Adams of the Philosophy Department at Berkeley as a handout for a colloquim. Headed 'SOME FALLACIES OF FORMAL LOGIC' it simply listed eleven little pieces of reasoning, all in ordinary English, and all absurd. I still have the sheet, and quote a couple of the arguments here to give the idea. • If you throw switch S and switch T, the motor will start. There­ fore, either if you throw switch S the motor will start, or, if you throw switch T the motor will start . • It is not the case that if John passes history he will graduate. Therefore, John will pass history. The disconcerting thing about these inferences is, of course, that under the customary truth-functional interpretation of and, or, not, and if-then, they are supposed to be valid. What, if anything, is wrong? At first I was not disturbed by the examples. Having at that time consider­ able personal commitment to rationality in general and formal logic in par­ ticular, I felt it my duty and found myself easily able (or so I thought) to explain away most of them. But on reflection I had to admit that my expla­ nations had an ad hoc character, varying suspiciously from example to example.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400997752
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (392p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Language Library, Texts and Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 4
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Conditionals, Generic Quantifiers, and Other Applications of Subgames -- Ambiguous Coreference With Quantifiers -- Negative Coreference: Generalizing Quantification for Natural Language -- Syntactic Domains for Semantic Rules -- Variable Binding and Relative Clauses -- Adverbs of Space and Time -- Time Schemes, Tense Logic and the Analysis of English Tenses -- A System of Chronological Tense Logic -- Semantics versus Pragmatics -- Implication Reversal in a Natural Language -- Structure and Function of the Grammatical Component of the Text-Structure World-Structure Theory -- Questions and Answers in a Context-dependent Montague Grammar -- The Introduction of Truth Predicates into First-Order Languages -- List of Participants.
    Abstract: The essays in this collection are the outgrowth of a workshop, held in June 1976, on formal approaches to the semantics and pragmatics of natural languages. They document in an astoundingly uniform way the develop­ ments in the formal analysis of natural languages since the late sixties. The avowed aim of the' workshop was in fact to assess the progress made in the application of formal methods to semantics, to confront different approaches to essentially the same problems on the one hand, and, on the other, to show the way in relating semantic and pragmatic explanations of linguistic phenomena. Several of these papers can in fact be regarded as attempts to close the 'semiotic circle' by bringing together the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic properties of certain constructions in an explanatory framework thereby making it more than obvious that these three components of an integrated linguistic theory cannot be as neatly separated as one would have liked to believe. In other words, not only can we not elaborate a syntactic description of (a fragment of) a language and then proceed to the semantics (as Montague pointed out already forcefully in 1968), we cannot hope to achieve an adequate integrated syntax and semantics without paying heed to the pragmatic aspects of the constructions involved. The behavior of polarity items, 'quantifiers' like any, conditionals or even logical particles like and and or in non-indicative sentences is clear-cut evidence for the need to let each component of the grammar inform the other.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401017077
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (251p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Foundations of Language, Supplementary Series 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: Semantics and Lexicography: Towards a New Type of Unilingual Dictionary -- Arguments and Predicates in the Logico-Semantic Structure of Utterances -- I. Linguistic Indices as Arguments of Type 1 -- II. Arguments of Type 2 -- III. Arguments of Type 3 -- IV. Concluding Remarks -- Remarks on Definitions in Natural Language -- 1. Introduction -- 2. On the Syntactic Form and the Semantic Interpretation of Definitions -- 3. Lexical Relatedness of Grammars -- 4. Lexical Aspects and Ostensive Definitions -- 5. Partial and Complete Definitions -- 6. Redundant Definitions, Linguistic and Encyclopedic Knowledge -- 7. Generic Sentences and Completing Definitions -- Generative Semantics vs. Deep Syntax -- Lexis — Affirmation — Négation: Étude Fondée Sur Les Classes -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Univers de départ -- 2. Les lexis -- 3. Parcours, extraction et fléchage -- 4. Modalités du type M1 (assertion) -- 5. Schéma résumant les rélations entre les ensembles introduits aux paragraphes précédents -- Bibliographie -- Types of Lexical Information -- 0. The Lexicon -- 1. The Speech Act -- 2. Elementary Semantic Properties of Verbs -- 3. Predicate Structure -- 4. Case Structure -- 5. Surface Realization of Arguments -- 6. Meaning vs. Presupposition -- 7. Evaluative and Orientative Features -- 8. Functional Shift -- 9. Deep-Structure Acceptability -- 10. Government -- 11. Transformationally Introduced Predicators -- 12. Subject and Object -- 13. Sample Lexical Entries -- Remarks on Selectional Restrictions and Presuppositions -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Chomskian Framework and McCawley’s Criticism -- 3. McCawley’s Treatment of Selectional Restrictions and Presupposition -- 4. Criticism against McCawley’s Claim, 1; Gender Agreement in the General Case of Pronominalization -- 5. Criticism against McCawley’s Claim, 2; Gender Agreement in French -- 6. An Alternative Proposal Indicated -- 7. Selectional Feature as Structural Change of a Transformation -- 8. Relativization and Pronominalization as Feature Agreement Transformation -- 9. Transformations as Partial Well-Formedness Conditions -- 10. Gender Agreement; Grammatical and Natural Gender -- 11. Concluding Remarks -- Evidence for Deep Structure Constraints in Syntax -- 0. The Problem -- 1. The Unlike-Subject Constraint in English -- 2. The Like-Subject Constraint in Serbo-Croatian -- On the Structural Analysis and Typology of Poetic Images -- 0. Introduction -- 1. On the Problems of Poetic Images in General -- 2. The Definition and Analysis of Images. The Typology of Images -- 3. The Analysis of Single Images -- 4. The Linguistic Analysis of the “Image Field” of a Work -- 5. Summary -- L’Ordre des Mots et la Sémantique -- Bibliographie -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: In the last decade a profound change has occurred in linguistic science. Not only have old problems been tackled from an entirely new point of view but also quite a few new fields of linguistic research have been opened. The common characteristic of the majority of the theories and methods developed recently is the search for a more adequate description of language. Adequacy does not mean simply that the theory must conform to the facts. It must also meet the general requirements of present-day theories: coherence, clear-cut notions, rigor of presentation. It has also become abundantly clear that linguistic research cannot be content with the registration and classification of linguistic phenomena. In one way or another linguistics must try to explain the deep-seated regularities in language which in general do not appear on the surface in some straightforward way. Therefore, we find the attribute 'deep' very often in contemporary linguistic literature. Linguistic theories seek an explanation for the observed facts in terms of a system of hypotheses about the functioning of language. As research proceeds these will undergo essential changes. Some of them will be waived, others com­ plemented. The papers of the present volume follow these general principles of linguistic theory though they may differ from each other in the way of presentation considerably. Some of the papers make use of the framework of transformational-generative grammar (e. g. Kuroda; Perlmutter), others approach the pertinent problem from a different angle (e. g. Dupraz and Rouault; Apresyan, Mel'cuk, and Zolkovski).
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