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  • 2010-2014  (630)
  • 1955-1959  (2)
  • 1945-1949  (2)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (482)
  • Basingstoke [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan  (91)
  • Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press  (50)
  • Cham : Springer International Publishing
  • Economics  (289)
  • OECD-Staaten  (206)
  • Großbritannien  (145)
Material
Language
Years
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press
    Language: English
    DDC: 307.760941
    RVK:
    Keywords: Cities and towns History ; Great Britain ; Großbritannien ; Stadt ; Geschichte
    Note: Erschienen: 1 - 3
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  • 2
    Book
    Book
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press
    Language: English
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Großbritannien ; Kolonie ; Commonwealth
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  • 3
    Book
    Book
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Language: English
    DDC: 307.760941
    RVK:
    Keywords: Cities and towns History ; Great Britain ; Großbritannien ; Stadt ; Geschichte
    Note: Erschienen: 1 - 3
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  • 4
    Book
    Book
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press
    Language: English
    DDC: 307.760941
    RVK:
    Keywords: Cities and towns History ; Great Britain ; Großbritannien ; Stadt ; Geschichte
    Note: Erschienen: 1 - 3
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  • 5
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press | London : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1967 -
    ISSN: 0026-749X , 1469-8099 , 1469-8099
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.1967 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Modern Asian studies
    DDC: 890
    Keywords: Großbritannien ; Länderbericht ; Regionalstudien ; Asien ; Zeitschrift ; Asien
    Note: Volume 13 in der Zählung ausgelassen, Volume 14 doppelt gezählt
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  • 6
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press | London : Off. of the Royal Historical Soc. ; 1.Ser. 1.1838 - 105.1872; N.S. 1.1871 - 62.1901; 3.Ser. 1.1900 - 94.1963; 4.Ser. 1.1964 - 44.1992; 5.Ser. 1.1993 -
    ISSN: 2042-1699 , 2042-1702 , 2042-1710 , 0068-6905 , 0960-1163 , 2042-1699 , 2042-1699
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.Ser. 1.1838 - 105.1872; N.S. 1.1871 - 62.1901; 3.Ser. 1.1900 - 94.1963; 4.Ser. 1.1964 - 44.1992; 5.Ser. 1.1993 -
    Additional Information: 1.Ser.39=1; 1.Ser.55=2; 1.Ser.61=3; 1.Ser.73=4; 1.Ser.87=5; 1.Ser.104=6; N.S.14=7; N.S.31=8; N.S.53=9; 3.Ser.4=10; 3.Ser.13=11; 3.Ser.18=12; 3.Ser.34=13; 3.Ser.37=14; 3.Ser.41=15; 3.Ser.52=16; 3.Ser.64=17; 3.Ser.79=18; 3.Ser.80=19; 3.Ser.83=20; 3.Ser.90=21; 4.Ser.1=22; 4.Ser.7=23; 4.Ser.9=24; 4.Ser.13=25; 4.Ser.14=26; 4.Ser.22=27; 4.Ser.29=28; 4.Ser.34=29; 4.Ser.39=30; 4.Ser.44=31; 5.Ser.3=32; 5.Ser.7=33; 5.Ser.10=34; 5.Ser.19=35; 5.Ser.48=36 von Camden miscellany Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press, 1846
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Camden ... series
    Former Title: Works of the Camden Society
    Former Title: Works of the Society
    Former Title: Old series / Camden Society
    Former Title: New series
    Former Title: Camden third series
    Former Title: Camden fourth series
    Former Title: Camden fifth series
    Former Title: Camden
    DDC: 900
    RVK:
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Großbritannien
    Note: Ser. 1 anfangs ohne Hauptsacht , Repr.: New York, NY [u.a.] : AMS Press , Beteil. Körp. anfangs: Camden Society
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  • 7
    Book
    Book
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press
    Language: English
    DDC: 937/.06/092
    RVK:
    Keywords: Gibbon, Edward ; 1737-1794 ; History of the decline and fall of the Roman empire ; Rome ; History ; Empire, 30 B.C.-476 A.D ; Historiography ; Great Britain ; Intellectual life ; 18th century ; Enlightenment ; Great Britain ; Gibbon, Edward 1737-1794 History of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire ; Großbritannien ; Geschichtsschreibung ; Aufklärung ; Römisches Reich ; Geschichtsschreibung
    Note: Erschienen: 1 - 6
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  • 8
    Book
    Book
    Basingstoke [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9781137289407 , 1137289414 , 9781137289414
    Language: English
    DDC: 306.740941
    Keywords: Prostitution ; Prostitutes Rehabilitation ; Großbritannien ; Prostitution ; Beendigung
    URL: Cover
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  • 9
    ISBN: 0230572588 , 9780230572584
    Language: English
    Pages: XV, 278 S. , Ill.
    Edition: 1. publ.
    DDC: 303.48/25404109041
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte 1911-1947 ; Kolonialismus ; Medien ; Britisch-Indien ; Großbritannien ; Großbritannien ; Kolonialismus ; Medien ; Britisch-Indien ; Geschichte 1911-1947
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (58 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.70
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Agrarproduktion ; Anpassung ; Bewässerung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper investigates how climate change can affect agricultural production and proposes some adaptation measures that could be undertaken to mitigate the negative effects of climate change while enhancing the positive ones. The paper stresses the importance of planned adaptation measures and highlights possible strategies for reducing risk and improving resilience. To quantify the possible effects of climate change and the effects of adaptation measures this study uses the International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade (IMPACT). The analysis first explores the potential effects of climate change on yields and prices. It then goes on to analyse the potential impacts of two distinctive sets of adaptation strategies on yields, prices, and food security, namely: i) research and development (to develop new crop varieties that are better suited to changed climate conditions) and ii) changes in irrigation technology. Last, the analysis in this paper estimates the public and private investment needs in research and development (R&D) for developing new crop varieties, and further develops estimates of the cost of improving irrigation technologies in OECD countries.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 11
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Working Papers no.2014/10
    Keywords: Einkommensverteilung ; Stadtwachstum ; Stadtgröße ; Regionales Wachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to understand how income inequality is associated with economic growth in OECD regions and whether the degree and type of urban concentration affects this relationship. Both income inequality and urban concentration can be seen as patterns of resource allocation that are particularly interlinked at the regional level. We combine household survey data and macroeconomic databases, covering a period ranging from 2004 to 2012 for comparable regions in 15 OECD countries. Econometric results show that, at least for the short period under consideration, there is a general negative association between inequalities and economic growth, especially since the start of the economic crisis. This relationship is sensitive to the type of urban structure. Higher inequalities seem to be more detrimental for growth in large cities, while regions characterised by small cities and rural areas are less affected.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (29 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.71
    Keywords: Lebensmittel ; Lieferkette ; Abfallvermeidung ; Kommunale Abfallwirtschaft ; Öffentlichkeitsarbeit ; Datenerhebung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Reducing food losses and food waste is attracting growing public attention at the international, regional, and national levels, and is widely acknowledged to contribute to abating interlinked sustainability challenges such as food security, climate change, and water shortage. However, the pattern and scale of food waste throughout the supply chain remains poorly understood, despite growing media coverage and public concerns in recent years. This paper takes stock of available data on food waste and explores policies related to food waste in OECD countries.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Working Papers no.2014/12
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Stadtentwicklung ; Städtische Flächennutzung ; Wasserversorgung ; Kommunale Verkehrspolitik ; Energieversorgung ; Abfallwirtschaft ; Vergleich ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Asien ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The development of Asian cities is characterised by rapid and continuous urbanisation on an unprecedented scale, with rapid economic growth led in most places by the manufacturing industry, and rapidly increasing motorisation. The result has been escalating greenhouse gas emissions, sprawling urban development and local environmental impacts, as well as disparities in income, education levels and job opportunities in the urban population. These trends differ sharply from those in most of the OECD area and call for a green growth model that differs from those identified in previous OECD studies and that addresses the specific circumstances of Asian cities. This paper proposes an analytical framework for assessing policies for green growth in rapidly growing cities in the emerging world. It builds on Cities and Green Growth: A Conceptual Framework (Hammer et al., 2011) and is adapted to the urban policy context of dynamic Asia. Its three main elements are: i) identification of the key policy strategies for urban green growth in fast-growing Asian cities, highlighting similarities to and differences from OECD cities; ii) opportunities for green growth; and iii) enabling strategies for implementing urban green growth.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (65 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.163
    Keywords: Einkommensverteilung ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In most OECD countries, the gap between rich and poor is at its highest level since 30 years. Today, the richest 10 per cent of the population in the OECD area earn 9.5 times the income of the poorest 10 per cent; in the 1980s this ratio stood at 7:1 and has been rising continuously ever since. However, the rise in overall income inequality is not (only) about surging top income shares: often, incomes at the bottom grew much slower during the prosperous years and fell during downturns, putting relative (and in some countries, absolute) income poverty on the radar of policy concerns. This paper explores whether such developments may have an impact on economic performance. Drawing on harmonised data covering the OECD countries over the past 30 years, the econometric analysis suggests that income inequality has a negative and statistically significant impact on subsequent growth. In particular, what matters most is the gap between low income households and the rest of the population. In contrast, no evidence is found that those with high incomes pulling away from the rest of the population harms growth. The paper also evaluates the “human capital accumulation theory” finding evidence for human capital as a channel through which inequality may affect growth. Analysis based on micro data from the Adult Skills Survey (PIAAC) shows that increased income disparities depress skills development among individuals with poorer parental education background, both in terms of the quantity of education attained (e.g. years of schooling), and in terms of its quality (i.e. skill proficiency). Educational outcomes of individuals from richer backgrounds, however, are not affected by inequality. It follows that policies to reduce income inequalities should not only be pursued to improve social outcomes but also to sustain long-term growth. Redistribution policies via taxes and transfers are a key tool to ensure the benefits of growth are more broadly distributed and the results suggest they need not be expected to undermine growth. But it is also important to promote equality of opportunity in access to and quality of education. This implies a focus on families with children and youths – as this is when decisions about human capital accumulation are made -- promoting employment for disadvantaged groups through active labour market policies, childcare supports and in-work benefits.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basingstoke [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9781137439383
    Language: English
    Pages: VIII, 112 S. , Ill.
    Edition: 1. publ.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource Palgrave connect. Social sciences
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. McCorristine, Shane, 1983 - William Corder and the red barn murder
    DDC: 306.4
    Keywords: Mord ; Todesstrafe ; Öffentlichkeit ; Großbritannien
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 103-109) and index
    URL: Cover
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basingstoke [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9781137003867
    Language: English
    Pages: X, 212 S. , graph. Darst.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource Palgrave connect. Social sciences
    Series Statement: Palgrave Macmillan studies in family and intimate life
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. !!
    DDC: 302
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Großbritannien ; Akademiker ; Wochenende ; Zweierbeziehung
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 17
    Book
    Book
    Basingstoke [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9781137550668 , 9781137379634
    Language: English
    Pages: VII, 241 S. , cm
    Edition: 1. publ.
    DDC: 306.4/83
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Athletes / Social conditions ; Athletes / Sexual behavior ; Homosexualität ; Sportler ; Männlichkeit ; Heterosexualität ; Großbritannien ; USA ; USA ; Großbritannien ; Sportler ; Homosexualität ; Heterosexualität ; Männlichkeit
    Note: Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke
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  • 18
    ISBN: 1137281545 , 9781137281548
    Language: English
    Pages: XVI, 327 S. , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Palgrave studies in the history of childhood
    DDC: 305.2309410905
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Thatcher, Margaret ; Children Social conditions 21st century ; Children Government policy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Großbritannien ; Kind ; Politik ; Geschichte 2000-2014
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  • 19
    Book
    Book
    Basingstoke [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9781137344519
    Language: English
    Pages: IX, 204 S.
    Series Statement: Leisure studies in a global era
    DDC: 306.4/8120844
    Keywords: Nightlife Economic aspects ; Leisure Economic aspects ; Young adults Social life and customs ; Young adults Alcohol use ; Young adults Economic conditions ; Leisure industry ; Großbritannien ; Jugend ; Freizeitverhalten ; Unterhaltungsindustrie
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 178 - 190
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  • 20
    Book
    Book
    Basingstoke [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 1137385723 , 9781137385727
    Language: English
    Pages: XIII, 306 S , Ill
    Series Statement: Britain and the world
    DDC: 306.09
    Keywords: Großbritannien ; Imperialismus ; Australien ; Neuseeland ; Stadt ; Kultur ; Geschichte 1880-1939
    URL: Cover
    URL: Cover
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basingstoke [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9781137379634
    Language: English
    Pages: VII, 241 S.
    Edition: 1. publ.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource Palgrave connect. Social sciences
    DDC: 306.483
    Keywords: USA ; Großbritannien ; Sportler ; Homosexualität ; Heterosexualität ; Männlichkeit
    URL: Cover
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basingstoke [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9781137351548 , 1137351543
    Language: English
    Pages: X, 217 S.
    Edition: 1. publ.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource Palgrave connect. Social sciences
    Series Statement: Palgrave politics of identity and citizenship series
    DDC: 305.800941
    Keywords: Geschichte 2001-2013 ; Geschichte 2001-2013 ; Politik ; Multikulturelle Gesellschaft ; Minderheit ; Ethnische Beziehung ; Terrorismus ; Prävention ; Auswirkung ; Muslim ; Großbritannien ; Großbritannien ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Großbritannien ; Multikulturelle Gesellschaft ; Ethnische Beziehungen ; Geschichte 2001-2013
    Abstract: Introduction-- Romain Garbaye and Pauline Schnapper Preliminary Chapter-- Tariq Modood 1.The Securitisation of British Multiculturalism-- Vincent Latour 2. Prevention of Terrorism in Britain: an Instance of Religious Engineering ? The Example of the Quilliam Foundation-- Claire Arenes 3. The Death of Immigrants in Britain and France-- Nada Afiouni 4. Multicultural Citizenship: The Muslim Arbitration Tribunal and 'Forced Marriage'-- Anouk Guine 5. Multicultural Scotland-- Edwige Camp-Pietrain 6. Multicultural Wales-- Moya Jones 7. English Nationalism and Britishness: Class and the 'Sub-State' National Identities-- Robin Mann and Steve Fenton 8. Racism and Sectarianism in Northern Ireland-- Michel Savaric 9.Searching for a New Citizenship in the Republic of Ireland: Equality or Diversity ?-- Karin Fischer
    Abstract: This book explores continuity and change in British multiculturalism. It offers an original perspective on British multiculturalism and also presents an exploration of the politics of ethnic diversity in all the national contexts of the British Isles as well as the United Kingdom, This book presents a detailed exploration of continuity and change in the British debates and policies relating to ethnic diversity since 9/11, focusing in particular on key policy areas which include the prevention of terrorism and citizenship, forced marriage, and the resentment of the 'white working class'. It offers an original perspective, which assesses the evolution of multiculturalism as a policy guideline in the United Kingdom and suggests that, while the rhetoric of multiculturalism has been toned down by successive governments since 2001, British debates and policies have continued to reflect a specific sensitivity to ethnic diversity
    Abstract: Electronic book text. - Epublication based on: 9781137351531
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basingstoke [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9781137285072
    Language: English
    Pages: XVII, 205 S.
    Edition: 1. publ.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource Palgrave connect. Social sciences
    Series Statement: Palgrave Macmillan studies in family and intimate life
    DDC: 306.85
    RVK:
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Großbritannien ; Familiensoziologie ; Längsschnittuntersuchung
    URL: Cover
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal: Journal of Business Cycle Measurement and Analysis Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 51-71 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:51-71
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Journal of Business Cycle Measurement and Analysis
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 51-71
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:51-71
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: We develop monthly indicators for tracking short-run trends in real GDP growth in 32 advanced and emerging-market economies. We test the historical performance of our indicators and find that they do a good job at describing the business cycle. In a recursive out-of-sample forecasting exercise, we find that the indicators generally produce good real GDP growth forecasts relative to a range of time series models.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal: Economic Studies Vol. 2013, no. 1, p. 235-268 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:1 | pages:235-268
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Economic Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 1, p. 235-268
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:235-268
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the welfare effects of birth-related leave (BRL) in terms of life satisfaction. To do so, we exploit variations in BRL policies to assess their impact on life satisfaction. The paper adds to the existing literature in various ways. First, it uses new data collected by Baldi et al. (2011) and Baldi and Chapple (2010) to describe how life satisfaction moves around the date of the reforms over time and in a number of EU countries covered in the Eurobarometer surveys. Second, the paper analyses the relation between life satisfaction and BRL in Germany and the United Kingdom with long individual panel data collected with the GSOEP and the BHPS survey. The potential endogeneity bias of the treatment effect is addressed by building a quasi-natural experiment using policy changes as the assignment rule. The results from a variety of different methods suggest that BRL polices generally have a significant positive effect on life satisfaction. Women on BRL have higher life satisfaction, controlling for observable and unobservable personal characteristics. This result is robust to alternative specifications. JEL classification: H53, I16, J38 Keywords: Welfare, subjective well-being, difference-in-difference, birth-related leaves
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal: Economic Studies Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 9-39 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:9-39
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Economic Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 9-39
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:9-39
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper assesses the OECD’s projections for GDP growth and inflation during the global financial crisis and recovery, focusing on lessons that can be learned. Growth was repeatedly overestimated in the projections, which failed to anticipate the extent of the slowdown and later the weak pace of the recovery. Similar errors were made by many other forecasters. At the same time, inflation was stronger than expected on average. Analysis of the growth errors shows that the OECD projections in the crisis years were larger in countries with more international trade openness and greater presence of foreign banks. In the recovery, there is little evidence that an underestimate of the impact of fiscal consolidation contributed significantly to forecast errors. Instead, the repeated conditioning assumption that the euro area crisis would stabilise or ease played an important role, with growth weaker than projected in European countries where bond spreads were higher than had been assumed. But placing these errors in a historical context illustrates that the errors were not without precedent: similar-sized errors were made in the first oil price shock of the 1970s. In response to the challenges encountered in forecasting in recent years and the lessons learnt, the OECD and other international organisations have sought to improve their forecasting techniques and procedures, to improve their ability to monitor near-term developments and to better account for international linkages and financial market developments. JEL classification: E17, E27, E32, E37, E62, E66, F47, G01 Keywords: Forecasting, economic outlook, economic fluctuations, fiscal policy
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal: Economic Studies Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 97-108 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:97-108
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Economic Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 97-108
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:97-108
    Keywords: Economics ; Japan
    Abstract: A small simulation model is used to evaluate the contribution that the three arrows of the government’s strategy – bold monetary policy to achieve higher inflation, flexible fiscal policy and growth-boosting structural reforms – could make to reversing the rise in Japan’s public debt ratio, currently about 230% of GDP. The findings indicate that with fiscal consolidation amounting to around 7½ percentage points of GDP by 2020, modestly higher growth coming from increased female labour force participation and higher productivity growth, as well as inflation gradually rising to 2% thanks to unconventional monetary policy measures, the debt ratio could be put on a downward trajectory by the end of this decade, although it is likely to remain above 200% of GDP in 2035. Among the many uncertainties surrounding this scenario, the risk of a larger-than-projected increase in interest rates stands prominently and could prevent the turnaround in debt dynamics. JEL classification codes: E63; H68. Keywords: Japan; debt; deficit; fiscal; budget; projection; simulation; arrow; consolidation; growth; inflation; reform.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319031439
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 287 p. 16 illus., 15 illus. in color, online resource)
    Series Statement: Public Administration, Governance and Globalization 11
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Challenges to democratic governance in developing countries
    RVK:
    Keywords: Economics ; Comparative politics ; Public administration ; Development economics ; Economics ; Development Economics ; Konferenzschrift 2012 ; Entwicklungsländer ; Governance ; Korruption ; Demokratie ; Entwicklungsländer ; Governance ; Korruption ; Demokratie
    Abstract: Accountability & Transparency: Cornerstones of Democratic Governance -- Will Ghana Avoid the resource Curse? -- Tackling Cultural Corruption -- Perceptions of Societal Corruption and Levels of Trust in Government -- Citizen Engagement in Fostering Democratic Governance in Rwanda -- Organizational Culture and its Influence on Corruption: NGOS in Kenya -- Role of legislation for social accountability: a comparison of South Africa and Zambia -- Prosecute and punish: Attempts by Kenya to curb political and administrative corruption -- Corruption in African Countries: A Symptom of Leadership and Institutional Failure -- Defining corruption in the cultural context of Sub-Saharan Africa -- What are the chances? Post-Qaddafi Libya and processes of democratization/de-democratization -- Investigating the Classical Ombudsman within the Indian Context -- The Imperatives of Democracy, Governance and Leadership in the Fight against Corruption in Africa: A South African Perspective -- The Role of Civil Society in Combating Corruption and Fostering Accountability and Transparency in Uganda -- Public Management Reforms and Prevention of Corruption in Turkey: An Evaluation of the Past Decade -- Democratic Governance: Looking forward.
    Abstract: Despite the large amounts of human and financial resources invested to foster democratic governance in developing countries, statistics show that the majority of these countries have not yet achieved significant improvements in living standards. While some regions make strides towards improving the living conditions of their citizens, Sub-Saharan Africa, for instance, is still trapped in poverty with more than 40% of its 600 million people living below the internationally recognized absolute poverty line of one US dollar per day. Poor governance and corruption should be highlighted as the most important systemic factors contributing to poverty in developing countries. As a result the institutional foundations of these countries are weakened, public funds are misappropriated, and policies and programs aimed at reducing poverty and fostering sustainable economic growth are undermined. It is therefore not surprising that a 2008 Transparency International report found a direct link between corruption and the failure of the societal institutions designed to achieve the Millennium Development Goals in the majority of developing countries. This book investigates the problems of democratic governance, particularly as they relate to corruption, and also whether democracy should be based on universal principles or local context and historical factors. It also analyses the rule of law, in promoting democratic governance and curbing corruption and if governmental, non-governmental organizations, and civil societies are effective in promoting democratic governance and curbing corruption. This book will go beyond identifying the challenges and offer plausible solutions that could be adapted to various developing countries. It is premised on the importance of bridging theory and practice, which has been lacking in most local and international development publications, making of interest to scholars and policy-makers alike concerned with public administration in developing countries.
    Description / Table of Contents: Accountability & Transparency: Cornerstones of Democratic GovernanceWill Ghana Avoid the resource Curse? -- Tackling Cultural Corruption -- Perceptions of Societal Corruption and Levels of Trust in Government -- Citizen Engagement in Fostering Democratic Governance in Rwanda -- Organizational Culture and its Influence on Corruption: NGOS in Kenya -- Role of legislation for social accountability: a comparison of South Africa and Zambia -- Prosecute and punish: Attempts by Kenya to curb political and administrative corruption -- Corruption in African Countries: A Symptom of Leadership and Institutional Failure -- Defining corruption in the cultural context of Sub-Saharan Africa -- What are the chances? Post-Qaddafi Libya and processes of democratization/de-democratization -- Investigating the Classical Ombudsman within the Indian Context -- The Imperatives of Democracy, Governance and Leadership in the Fight against Corruption in Africa: A South African Perspective -- The Role of Civil Society in Combating Corruption and Fostering Accountability and Transparency in Uganda -- Public Management Reforms and Prevention of Corruption in Turkey: An Evaluation of the Past Decade -- Democratic Governance: Looking forward.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319045917
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 317 p. 2 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The EU after Lisbon
    Keywords: Europe Economic policy ; Law ; Law ; Europe Economic policy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Großbritannien ; Traité de Lisbonne : 2007
    Abstract: The book contains a collection of high-quality academic and expert contributions dealing with the central question of whether the Lisbon Treaty needs further revision. Due to the difficulties European Union actors have encountered in implementing the Lisbon Treaty’s reform and the inadequacies of the current legal framework brought to light by post-Lisbon practice, the volume focuses on possible innovations and functional approaches to improve the Union’s response to the challenges confronting it. In doing so, the volume first takes a horizontal approach to the Treaty’ revision and considers some constitutional features showing the interaction between the EU and its Member States (namely, the parameters of constitutional developments, the allocation of competences, the principles of solidarity and loyal cooperation). Then, the focus shifts to the question of fundamental rights within the EU’s constitutional framework, one of the most relevant innovations of the Lisbon Treaty being the incorporation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights into the Union’s primary law. The last part of the volume is devoted to another domain significantly reshaped by the Lisbon reform, namely, the Union’s external dimension. ECJ Advocate General Paolo Mengozzi’s conclusions highlight the common themes emerging from the various contributions, stressing the need for a more general supranational approach to the political crisis the Union is going through. The content of this book will be of great value to academics, students, judges, practitioners and all others interested in the legal discourse on the progressive development of the European Union legal order. Lucia Serena Rossi is Professor of European Union Law and Jean Monnet Professor at the Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna (Italy); Federico Casolari is Assistant Professor of International Law and Senior Lecturer of European Union Law at the Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna (Italy)
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I The European Union at Crossroads - General Issues on Treaties’ Revision: 1. A New Revision of the EU Treaties after Lisbon? by Lucia Serena Rossi2. Parameters of Constitutional Development - The Fiscal Compact In Between EU and Member State Constitutions by Leonard F.M. Besselink -- 3. The Allocation of Powers/Competences between the EU and the Member States - What Can We Learn From Pre-emption in the United States? by Paul Luif -- 4. Solidarity, Flexibility and the Euro-Crisis - Where Do Principles Fit In? by Alison McDonnell -- 5. EU Loyalty after Lisbon - An Expectation Gap to Be Filled? by Federico Casolari -- Part II Fundamental Rights after Lisbon: 6. The Charter of Fundamental Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union - A First Assessment of the Interpretation of the Charter’s Horizontal Provisions by Jean-Paul Jacqué -- 7. The Phenomenon of Reverse Discrimination - An Anomaly in the European Constitutional Order? by Peter Van Elsuwege -- 8. Access to Health Care in the Post-Lisbon Era and the Genuine Enjoyment of the EU Citizens’ Rights by Giacomo Di Federico -- Part III Revisiting the EU External Relations: 9. Revisiting the Lisbon Treaty’s Constitutional Design of EU External Relations by Jan Wouters and Thomas Ramopoulos -- 10. Coherence vs. Conferred Powers? The Case of the European External Action Service by Mauro Gatti -- 11. Article 8 TEU and the Revision of the European Neighbourhood Policy by Michele Comelli -- Part IV Conclusions: 12. Conclusions by Paolo Mengozzi.
    Note: Includes index
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264223202
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs de croissance verte pour l'agriculture ; Évaluation préliminaire
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Green growth indicators for agriculture
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Landwirtschaft ; Landwirtschaftliche Entwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Landwirtschaft ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: An integral component of any green growth strategy is a highly-reliable set of measurement tools and indicators that would enable policy makers to evaluate how effective policies are, and to gauge the progress being achieved in shifting economic activity onto a greener path. These tools and indicators, which will need to be based on internationally comparable data, must also be embedded in a conceptual framework and selected according to a clearly-specified set of criteria. This report is a first step towards developing a framework to monitor progress on green growth in the agricultural sector in OECD countries. The goal is to identify relevant, succinct and measurable statistics to implement the OECD Green Growth Strategy Measurement Framework which provides a common basis for further developing green growth indicators in the agricultural sector in OECD countries.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224520
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The distributional effects of consumption taxes in OECD countries
    Keywords: Verteilungswirkung ; Verbrauchsteuer ; Steuerinzidenz ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Taxation ; Bericht ; OECD ; Steuerpolitik ; Umsatzsteuer ; Inzidenz
    Abstract: The report examines the distributional effects of value-added tax (VAT) and excise tax systems in 20 OECD countries, and investigates the effectiveness of reduced VAT rates as a redistributional tool.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264209015
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Best Practice Principles for Regulatory Policy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gouvernance des régulateurs
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The governance of regulators
    DDC: 351
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Aufsichtsbehörde ; Governance-Ansatz ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance
    Abstract: This publication provides guidance on the institutional arrangements for regulators.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264210448 , 9789264218338
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le coût de la pollution de l'air ; Impacts sanitaires du transport routier
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The cost of air pollution
    Keywords: Luftverschmutzung ; Straßenverkehr ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Krankheit ; Soziale Kosten ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation ; Transport ; OECD ; Luftverschmutzung ; Straßenverkehr ; Kosten
    Abstract: Outdoor air pollution kills more than 3 million people across the world every year, and causes health problems from asthma to heart disease for many more. This is costing societies very large amounts in terms of the value of lives lost and ill health. Based on extensive new epidemiological evidence since the 2010 Global Burden of Disease study, and OECD estimates of the Value of Statistical Life, this report provides evidence on the health impacts from air pollution and the related economic costs.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264214262
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. How was life?
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: 1820-2010 ; Lebensqualität ; Soziale Lage ; Sozialgeschichte ; Geschichte ; Welt ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Geschichte ; Daten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Erde
    Abstract: How was life in 1820, and how has it improved since then? What are the long-term trends in global well-being? Views on social progress since the Industrial Revolution are largely based on historical national accounting in the tradition of Kuznets and Maddison. But trends in real GDP per capita may not fully re­flect changes in other dimensions of well-being such as life expectancy, education, personal security or gender inequality. Looking at these indicators usually reveals a more equal world than the picture given by incomes alone, but has this always been the case? The new report How Was Life? aims to fill this gap. It presents the first systematic evidence on long-term trends in global well-being since 1820 for 25 major countries and 8 regions in the world covering more than 80% of the world’s population. It not only shows the data but also discusses the underlying sources and their limitations, pays attention to country averages and inequality, and pinpoints avenues for further research. The How Was Life? report is the product of collaboration between the OECD, the OECD Development Centre and the CLIO-INFRA project. It represents the culmination of work by a group of economic historians to systematically chart long-term changes in the dimensions of global well-being and inequality, making use of the most recent research carried out within the discipline. The historical evidence reviewed in the report is organised around 10 different dimensions of well-being that mirror those used by the OECD in its well-being report How’s Life?, and draw on the best sources and expertise currently available for historical perspectives in this field. These dimensions are:per capita GDP, real wages, educational attainment, life expectancy, height, personal security, political institutions, environmental quality, income inequality and gender inequality.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264209138
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Changement climatique, eau et agriculture ; Vers des systèmes résilients
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Climate change, water and agriculture
    DDC: 363.7387
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Wasserversorgung ; Agrarproduktion ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This report reviews the main linkages between climate change, water and agriculture as a means to identifying and discussing adaptation strategies for better use and conservation of water resources. It aims to provide guidance to decision makers on choosing an appropriate mix of policies and market approaches to address the interaction between agriculture and water systems under climate change.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264215610
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The size and sectoral distribution of SOEs in OECD and partner countries
    DDC: 332
    Keywords: Öffentliches Unternehmen ; Betriebsgröße ; Betriebsgrößenstruktur ; Branche ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report analyses a dataset detailing the size of national state-owned enterprise (SOE) sectors (by number, value and employment) and their composition by sector and corporate forms. The data relates to end-2012 and is based on questionnaire responses from government delegates to the OECD Working Party on State Ownership and Privatisation Practices. The authorities of 34 countries (of which 31 OECD member and three partner countries) contributed to the dataset.
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  • 37
    Book
    Book
    Basingstoke [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9781137307538
    Language: English
    Pages: VIII, 297 S.
    Series Statement: New perspectives in German political studies
    DDC: 325.41
    RVK:
    Keywords: Illegal aliens Government policy ; Illegal aliens Government policy ; Germany Emigration and immigration ; Government policy ; Great Britain Emigration and immigration ; Government policy ; Deutschland ; Einwanderungspolitik ; Diskurs ; Illegale Einwanderung ; Großbritannien ; Geschichte ; Deutschland ; Großbritannien ; Illegale Einwanderung ; Politische Kommunikation
    Abstract: Introduction -- Policy discourses, frames, methods -- United Kingdom -- Germany -- Comparative meta-frames -- Concluding remarks
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionPolicy discourses, frames, methods -- United Kingdom -- Germany -- Comparative meta-frames -- Concluding remarks.
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 261 - 285
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264205390
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation and modernising the rural economy
    RVK:
    Keywords: Ländliche Wirtschaft ; Entwicklungsplanung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: This publication is a result of the discussions from the OECD 8th Rural Development Policy Conference: "Innovation and modernising the rural economy" which took place in Krasnoyarsk, Russia on 3-5 October 2012. It provides an overview of the two themes of modernisation and innovation, focusing on identifying the attributes of the modern rural economy and showing how it differs from the traditional rural economy and from metropolitan economies. It also shows how rural innovation is a key driver of rural economic growth using patents as a measure. The second part of the book consists of four chapters that offer evidence of rural regions’ potential to contribute to national economic growth. In addition, each provides useful context for Part I by outlining four different perspectives on the process of modernisation and innovation, and specifically, how they can take place in the rural territories of OECD countries. In each paper, the authors explore the opportunities and impediments to these twin processes and how government policy can help or hinder them.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264219236
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Instructions relatives à la documentation des prix de transfert et aux déclarations pays par pays
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Leitlinien zur Verrechnungspreisdokumentation und länderbezogenen Berichterstattung
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidance on Transfer Pricing Documentation and Country-by-Country Reporting; (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidance on Transfer Pricing Documentation and Country-by-Country Reporting; (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Guidance on transfer pricing documentation and country-by-country reporting
    Keywords: Verrechnungspreis ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation
    Abstract: This document contains revised standards for transfer pricing documentation and a template for country-by-country reporting of revenues, profits, taxes paid and certain measures of economic activity. These new reporting provisions, and the transparency they will encourage, will contribute to the objective of understanding, controlling, and tackling BEPS behaviours. Countries participating in the BEPS project will carefully review the implementation of these new standards and will reassess no later than the end of 2020 whether modifications should be made to require reporting of additional or different data. Effective implementation of the new reporting standards and reporting rules will be essential. Additional work will be undertaken to identify the most appropriate means of filing the required information with and disseminating it to tax administrations.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264207875
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Tourism
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le tourisme et l'économie créative
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tourism and the creative economy
    Keywords: Tourismus ; Kreativsektor ; Wissensgesellschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Austria ; China, People’s Republic ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; New Zealand ; United States ; OECD ; Tourismus ; Kulturwirtschaft ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: As the significance of the creative economy continues to grow, important synergies with tourism are emerging, offering considerable potential to grow demand and develop new products, experiences and markets.These new links are driving a shift from conventional models of cultural tourism to new models of creative tourism based on intangible culture and contemporary creativity. This report examines the growing relationship between the tourism and creative sectors to guide the development of effective policies in this area. Drawing on recent case studies, it considers how to strengthen these linkages and take advantage of the opportunities to generate added value. Active policies are needed so that countries, regions and cities can realise the potential benefits from linking tourism and creativity. Key policy issues are identified.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264204997
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Series Statement: Mental Health and Work
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mental health and work
    Keywords: Psychische Krankheit ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Großbritannien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Berufstätigkeit ; Psychische Störung
    Abstract: Tackling mental ill-health of the working-age population is becoming a key issue for labour market and social policies in OECD countries. OECD governments increasingly recognise that policy has a major role to play in keeping people with mental ill-health in employment or bringing those outside of the labour market back to it, and in preventing mental illness. This report on the United Kingdom is the sixth in a series of reports looking at how the broader education, health, social and labour market policy challenges identified in Sick on the Job? Myths and Realities about Mental Health and Work (OECD, 2012) are being tackled in a number of OECD countries.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221765
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Insights
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Economic Globalisation; Origins and consequences
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mondialisation économique ; Origines et conséquences
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Globalización económica ; Orígenes y consecuencias
    Keywords: Development ; Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: Es gibt kaum ein Thema, das so kontrovers ist – und gleichzeitig so wenig verstanden wird – wie die Globalisierung. Die wirtschaftliche Globalisierung im weitesten Sinne kann zwar auf eine ebenso lange Geschichte zurückblicken wie der Handel selbst, doch die Komplexität, die sich aus der globalen Vernetzung der Volkswirtschaften ergibt, sowie deren Auswirkungen auf unsere Lebensgrundlagen haben sich durch die globale Finanzkrise noch verstärkt. Diese Publikation beschreibt die entscheidenden Wendepunkte in der Geschichte der wirtschaftlichen Integration und insbesondere die Beschleunigung des Globalisierungsprozesses seit den 1990er Jahren. Darüber hinaus werden die Auswirkungen der Globalisierung in vier maßgeblichen Bereichen – Beschäftigung, Entwicklung, Umwelt und Finanzstabilität – erörtert: Fördert Globalisierung die Entwicklung oder verstärkt sie die Ungleichheit? Werden durch Globalisierung Arbeitsplätze geschaffen oder vernichtet? Schädigt Globalisierung die Umwelt oder trägt sie zu ihrem Erhalt bei? Steuern wir auf eine Entglobalisierung zu oder kann die Globalisierung sogar die Erholung begünstigen?
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264208445
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hewlett, Emily Making mental health count
    Keywords: Psychische Krankheit ; Medizinische Behandlung ; Soziale Kosten ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Forschungsbericht ; OECD ; Psychische Störung ; Untersuchung ; Soziale Kosten
    Abstract: Despite the enormous burden that mental ill-health imposes on individuals, their families, society, health systems and the economy, mental health care remains a neglected area of health policy in too many countries. Mental disorders represent a considerable disease burden, and have a significant impact on the lives of the OECD population, and account for considerable direct and indirect costs. This report argues that even in those OECD countries with a long history of deinstitutionalisation, there is still a long way to go to make community-based mental health care that achieves good outcomes for people with severe mental illness a reality. The disproportionate focus on severe mental illness has meant that mild-to-moderate mental illnesses, which makes up the largest burden of disease, have remained overwhelmingly neglected. This book addresses the high cost of mental illness, weaknesses and innovative developments in the organisation of care, changes and future directions for the mental health workforce, the need to develop better indicators for mental health care and quality, and tools for better governance of the mental health system. The high burden of mental ill health and the accompanying costs in terms of reduced quality of life, loss of productivity, and premature mortality, mean that making mental health count for all OECD countries is a priority.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789264216594
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Geographic variations in health care
    RVK:
    Keywords: Gesundheitsversorgung ; Räumliche Verteilung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Primäre Gesundheitsversorgung ; Räumliche Verteilung
    Abstract: Variations in health care use within a country are complicated. In some cases they may reflect differences in health needs, in patient preferences or in the diffusion of a therapeutic innovation; in others they may not. There is evidence that some of the observed variations are unwarranted, signalling under- or over-provision of health services, or both. This study documents geographic variations for high-cost and high-volume procedures in select OECD countries. It finds that there are wide variations not only across countries, but within them as well. A mix of patient preferences and physician practice styles likely play an important part in this, but what part of the observed variations reflects over-provision, or whether there are unmet needs, remain largely unexplained. This report helps policy makers better understand the issues and challenges around geographic variations in health care provision and considers the policy options.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264219250
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'élaboration d'un instrument multilatéral pour modifier les conventions fiscales bilatérales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ausarbeitung eines multilateralen Instruments zur Modifikation bilateraler Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Developing a Multilateral Instrument to Modify Bilateral Tax Treaties; (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Developing a Multilateral Instrument to Modify Bilateral Tax Treaties; (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Ausarbeitung eines multilateralen Instruments zur Modifikation bilateraler Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Developing a Multilateral Instrument to Modify Bilateral Tax Treaties: (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Developing a Multilateral Instrument to Modify Bilateral Tax Treaties: (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: L'élaboration d'un instrument multilatéral pour modifier les conventions fiscales bilatérales
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Developing a multilateral instrument to modify bilateral tax treaties
    Keywords: Doppelbesteuerung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation
    Abstract: This report identifies the issues arising from the development of a multilateral instrument that modifies bilateral tax treaties. Without a mechanism for swift implementation, changes to model tax conventions only widen the gap between the content of these models and the content of actual tax treaties. Developing such a mechanism is necessary not only to tackle base erosion and profit shifting, but also to ensure the sustainability of the consensual framework to eliminate double taxation. This is an innovative approach with no exact precedent in the tax world, but precedents for modifying bilateral treaties with a multilateral instrument exist in various other areas of public international law. Drawing on the knowledge of experts in public international law and taxation, the Report concludes that a multilateral instrument is desirable and feasible, and that negotiations for such an instrument should be convened quickly.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264226579
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Großbritannien ; Development ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: This review of the development co-operation efforts of the United Kingdom examines its policies, performance and implementation. It takes an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789264226616
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rapport de l'OCDE sur la corruption transnationale ; Une analyse de l'infraction de corruption d'agents publics étrangers
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Informe de la OCDE sobre Cohecho Internacional ; Análisis del delito de cohecho de servidores públicos extranjeros
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD Foreign Bribery Report
    Keywords: Korruption ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This report endeavours to measure, and to describe, transnational corruption based on data from the 427 foreign bribery cases that have been concluded since the entry into force of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in 1999.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264215962
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p.)
    Series Statement: Better Policies
    Keywords: Economics ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: This book provides an overview of the key challenges faced by China and OECD's main policy recommendations to address them. Drawing on the OECD’s expertise in comparing country experiences and identifying best practices, the book tailors the OECD’s policy advice to the specific and timely priorities of China, focusing on how its government can make reform happen.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264216006
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Series Statement: Better Policies
    Keywords: Economics ; Germany
    Abstract: This book provides an overview of the key challenges currently faced in Germany and OECD's main policy recommendations to address them. Drawing on the OECD’s expertise in comparing country experiences and identifying best practices, the book tailors the OECD’s policy advice to the specific and timely priorities of Germany, focusing on how its government can make reform happen.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264185739
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (286 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making innovation policy work
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Innovationsförderung ; Innovation ; Industriepolitik ; Unternehmenspolitik ; Umweltschutzmarkt ; Produktion ; Wirtschaft ; Ökologie ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Entwicklung ; Unterentwicklung ; Ursache ; Tendenz ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This book explores emerging topics in innovation policy for more inclusive and sustainable growth, building on concrete examples. It develops the notion of experimental innovation policy – which integrates monitoring and feedback at the policy design stage, and occurs continuously to improve impact and implementation. This approach should help improve the quality and efficiency of public expenditures supporting innovation policy. Experimental policy making is particularly important for new and emerging innovation domains, where the scope for learning and improvement is the greatest. To make the discussion as concrete and relevant as possible for practitioners and policy makers, three emerging domains of innovation policy are explored in greater detail: innovative entrepreneurship, green innovation, and pro-poor or base-of-the-pyramid (BoP) innovation.
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  • 51
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1177
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: Cross-country analysis of the economic effects of environmental policies is limited by the lack of reliable, comparable measures of the stringency of environmental policies. This paper attempts to fill this gap, by constructing new quantitative indexes of environmental policy stringency (EPS). Selected environmental policy instruments, primarily related to climate and air pollution, are scored and aggregated into composite EPS indexes. Two EPS indexes are proposed – one for the energy sector, and an extended one to proxy for the broader economy (“economy-wide”). They cover most OECD countries over 1990s-2012. While a simplification of the multidimensional reality of environmental policies, the EPS indicators are a first tangible effort to measure environmental policy stringency internationally over a relatively long time horizon. They show relatively high and significant correlations with alternative proxies of EPS used in the literature, such as measures of perceived stringency based on surveys, measures based on environmental outcomes and a composite policy-based measure with no time series. The paper describes some additional features of the EPS indicators and sketches out possible future extensions.
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  • 52
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (49 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1179
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of changes in the stringency of environmental policies on productivity growth in OECD countries. Using a new environmental policy stringency (EPS) index, it estimates a reduced-form model of multi-factor productivity growth, where the effect of countries' environmental policies varies with pollution intensity of the industry and technological advancement. A multi-layer analysis provides insights at the aggregate economy, the industry and the firm level. At the aggregate economy level, a negative effect on productivity growth is found one year ahead of the policy change. This negative “announcement effect” is offset within three years after the implementation. At the industry level, a tightening of environmental policy is associated with a short-term increase in industry-level productivity growth, for the most technologically advanced country-industry pairs. This effect diminishes with the distance to the global productivity frontier, becoming insignificant at larger distances. At the firm level, only the technologically most advanced firms show a positive effect on productivity growth from a tightening of environmental policies, while a third of firms, the less productive ones, experience a productivity slowdown.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264207462
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Promoting research excellence
    DDC: 370.78
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Hochschulpolitik ; Forschungsfinanzierung ; Hochschulfinanzierung ; Universitäre Forschung ; Regionales Cluster ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: National research systems face an increasingly competitive environment for ideas, talent and funds, and governments have shifted funds from institutional core funding to project funding, often on a competitive basis, or reward success in raising third-party funds in performance-based funding schemes. It is in this context that “research excellence initiatives” (REIs) have emerged. This is an instrument designed to encourage outstanding research by providing large-scale, long-term funding to designated research units. They provide funds for research and research-related measures, such as the improvement or extension of physical infrastructure, the recruitment of outstanding researchers from abroad and researcher training. This report presents new evidence on how governments steer and fund public research in higher education and public research institutions through REIs. The report can help inform discussions on future government policy directions by providing information on how REIs work and on the functioning and characteristics of institutions that host centres of excellence. The findings show some of the benefits to be gained through REIs and note some pitfalls to be avoided.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264223288
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Increasing taxpayers' use of self-service channels
    Keywords: Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation
    Abstract: Building on prior work that resulted in the practical guide Managing Service Demand, this report explores the strategies revenue bodies can use to improve take-up of self-service channels in the context of a proposed future service experience for individuals, businesses and tax intermediaries.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264214453
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Arndt-Bascle, Christiane OECD framework for regulatory policy evaluation
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Bewertung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance
    Abstract: This publication provides countries with a Framework for Regulatory Policy Evaluation, an overview of evaluation practices in OECD countries and concrete examples. It also reports key findings of three expert papers on the evaluation of regulatory policy that informed the development of the Framework.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264175617
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Series Statement: Esenciales OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sustainable Development; Linking Economy, Society, Environment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le développement durable ; À la croisée de l'économie, de la société et de l'environnement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nachhaltige Entwicklung; Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, Umwelt im Zusammenhang betrachtet
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: En la actualidad oímos por doquier la expresión “desarrollo sostenible”, pero ¿qué significa realmente? ¿De qué manera la producción y el consumo lo afectan?¿La globalización de la economía la está ayudando u obstaculizando? ¿Se puede medir la sostenibilidad a través de las herramientas tradicionales del análisis económico? ¿Qué pueden hacer los gobiernos, las empresas y las personas para fomentarla? La OCDE genera información, investigación y recomendaciones de políticas sobre muchos temas relacionados con el desarrollo sostenible, incluidos el cambio climático, la cooperación con los países en desarrollo y la responsabilidad social corporativa. Esenciales OCDE: Desarrollo sostenible se basa en esa experiencia. Señala que, para ser sostenible, el desarrollo debe basarse en el avance simultáneo de tres áreas: la economía, la sociedad y el medio ambiente.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264209657
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD regulatory compliance cost assessment guidance
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Befolgungskosten ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance
    Abstract: Governments across the OECD and beyond are increasingly concerned with controlling and reducing regulatory costs in order to create a more favourable business environment, thereby improve the conditions for inclusive growth. They must work to systematically adopt better regulatory choices, ensuring that the most cost-effective and efficient options are chosen in all areas of regulation. A key component of regulatory costs are the costs associated with regulatory compliance. This guidance document provides a practical, technical and user-friendly guidance on measuring and reducing compliance costs of regulation in OECD countries.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221796
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring the Digital Economy; A New Perspective (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Measuring the digital economy
    DDC: 381/.142
    RVK:
    Keywords: Internetnutzung ; IKT-Sektor ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Bericht ; Statistik ; OECD ; Electronic Commerce ; Neue Medien ; Evaluation
    Abstract: The growing role of the digital economy in daily life has heightened demand for new data and measurement tools. Internationally comparable and timely statistics combined with robust cross-country analyses are crucial to strengthen the evidence base for digital economy policy making, particularly in a context of rapid change. This report presents indicators traditionally used to monitor the information society and complements them with experimental indicators that provide insight into areas of policy interest. The key objectives of this publication are to highlight measurement gaps and propose actions to advance the measurement agenda.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264214637 , 9789264224117
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (520 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lequiller, François Understanding national accounts
    RVK:
    Keywords: Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung ; International ; Welt ; Economics ; Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung
    Abstract: This second edition of Understanding National Accounts, that provides a comprehensive explanation of how national accounts are compiled, contains new data and new chapters, and is adapted to the new systems of national accounts, SNA 2008 and ESA 2010, that came into effect in September 2014. It approaches national accounts from a truly global perspective, with special chapters dedicated to international comparisons, globalisation and well-being as well as to the national systems used in major OECD economies, such as the United States. Each chapter of the manual uses practical examples to explain key concepts in national accounts in a clear and accessible way. And, each chapter concludes with a synthesis of key points covered in the chapter, followed by resources for further exploring the topic, and by a set of exercises to test your knowledge. It is an ideal guide to national accounts for students and other interested readers.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264208728
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Étude de l'OCDE sur la gestion des risques d'inondation ; la Seine en Île-de-France 2014
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Seine Basin, Île-de-France, 2014
    Keywords: Corporate Governance ; Risikomanagement ; Privatwirtschaft ; Öffentliches Unternehmen ; OECD-Staaten ; Norwegen ; Singapur ; Schweiz ; Environment ; Governance ; France ; Île-de-France ; Seine ; Überschwemmung ; Katastrophenschutz
    Abstract: This study examines flood risk prevention of the Seine in the Ile-de-France region. It highlights the impacts a major flood, like the one in 1910, could have on the well-being of citizens, city management and the economy.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264209114
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T.: Boosting resilience through innovative risk governance
    Keywords: Katastrophe ; Risikomanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; BRICS-Staaten ; Welt ; Environment ; Governance ; Naturkatastrophe ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Risikomanagement
    Abstract: This report examines what countries have achieved in terms of strengthening resilience through better risk management and identifies persisting challenges. It focuses on the importance of creating an institutional environment that engages all stakeholders and allows them to build resilience against future shocks. This report has contributed to the development of the OECD Recommendation on the Governance of Critical Risks.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264215955
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Series Statement: Better Policies
    Keywords: Economics ; Japan
    Abstract: This book provides an overview of the key challenges faced by Japan and OECD's main policy recommendations to address them. Drawing on the OECD’s expertise in comparing country experiences and identifying best practices, the book tailors the OECD’s policy advice to the specific and timely priorities of Japan, focusing on how its government can make reform happen.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264059696
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Budgeting practices and procedures in OECD countries
    Keywords: Haushaltsplanung ; Öffentlicher Haushalt ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance
    Abstract: The OECD Budget Practices and Procedures Database provides detailed data on how budgets are made in OECD countries from formulation, to approval, execution and reporting based on surveys conducted every four to five years. This publication presents the results of the latest survey, conducted in 2012, and compares this with the previous survey, conducted in 2007. It finds that fiscal sustainability is a key issue for countries today. It also highlights the growing use of medium-term expenditure frameworks, capital budgeting and top-down budgeting, and it examines transparency of budgeting as well as budgeting flexibility.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264218819
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Neutraliser les effets des dispositifs hybrides
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Neutralisierung der Effekte hybrider Gestaltungen
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Neutralising the Effects of Hybrid Mismatch Arrangements; (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Neutralising the Effects of Hybrid Mismatch Arrangements; (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Neutraliser les effets des dispositifs hybrides
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Neutralisierung der Effekte hybrider Gestaltungen
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Neutralising the Effects of Hybrid Mismatch Arrangements: (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Neutralising the Effects of Hybrid Mismatch Arrangements: (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Neutralising the effects of hybrid mismatch arrangements
    Keywords: Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation
    Abstract: This report sets out recommendations for domestic rules to neutralise the effect of hybrid mismatch arrangements and includes changes to the OECD Model Tax Convention to address such arrangements. Once translated into domestic law, the recommendations in Part 1 of the report will neutralise the effect of cross-border hybrid mismatch arrangements that produce multiple deductions for a single expense or a deduction in one jurisdiction with no corresponding taxation in the other jurisdiction. Part 1 of the report will be supplemented by a commentary, which will explain the recommended rules and illustrate their application with practical examples. Part 2 of the report sets out proposed changes to the Model Convention that will ensure the benefits of tax treaties are only granted to hybrid entities (including dual resident entities) in appropriate cases. Part 2 also considers the interaction between the OECD Model Convention and the domestic law recommendations in Part 1.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264218970
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lutter plus efficacement contre les pratiques fiscales dommageables, en prenant en compte la transparence et la substance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Wirksamere Bekämpfung schädlicher Steuerpraktiken unter Berücksichtigung von Transparenz und Substanz
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Countering Harmful Tax Practices More Effectively, Taking into Account Transparency and Substance; (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Countering Harmful Tax Practices More Effectively, Taking into Account Transparency and Substance; (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Countering Harmful Tax Practices More Effectively, Taking into Account Transparency and Substance: (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Countering Harmful Tax Practices More Effectively, Taking into Account Transparency and Substance: (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Lutter plus efficacement contre les pratiques fiscales dommageables, en prenant en compte la transparence et la substance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Wirksamere Bekämpfung schädlicher Steuerpraktiken unter Berücksichtigung von Transparenz und Substanz
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Countering harmful tax practices more effectively, taking into account transparency and substance
    Keywords: Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation
    Abstract: Preferential regimes continue to be a key pressure area in international taxation. The OECD’s 2013 BEPS report recognises that these need to be dealt with more effectively and the work of the Forum on Harmful Tax Practices (FHTP) needs to be refocused with an emphasis on substance and transparency. This is an interim report that sets out the progress made to date.
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789264218482
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Portugal; Deepening Structural Reform to Support Growth and Competitiveness
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Portugal: Deepening Structural Reform to Support Growth and Competitiveness
    Keywords: Economics ; Portugal
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789264210745
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Women, government and policy making in OECD countries
    Keywords: Frauenpolitik ; Gleichstellungspolitik ; Öffentlicher Dienst ; Politiker ; Frauen ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; OECD ; Frau ; Geschlechterpolitik ; Führungskraft
    Abstract: Achieving gender equality in the economy and in the political leadership remains an ongoing challenge across the world. This report aims to address this gap. It provides comparative data and policy benchmarks on women's access to public leadership and inclusive gender-responsive policy-making across OECD countries. The report is prepared in the context of the OECD Gender Initiative, launched by the OECD Ministers.
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1174
    Keywords: Taxation ; Economics
    Abstract: This paper estimates the elasticities of government revenue and expenditure items with respect to the output gap for European Union (EU) countries. These elasticities are used by the European Commission, as part of the EU fiscal surveillance process, to calculate the semi-elasticity of the budget balance as a percentage of GDP with respect to the output gap. The study updates the earlier 2005 study of OECD economies using the most recent datasets and tax codes, the coverage being confined in this paper to the 28 EU member states, seven of which are not OECD members. The same basic two-step methodology is retained: revenue and expenditure elasticities with respect to the output gap being defined as the product of, first, the elasticities of individual revenue and expenditure items with respect to their bases and, second, the elasticities of these bases with respect to the output gap. A number of refinements and methodological improvements are made relative to the 2005 study. The revisions to individual elasticities relative to the 2005 vintage are significant in a number of cases but do not follow a clear pattern across countries, except for the elasticities of corporate income tax revenue which are revised up in most cases.
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (41 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1176
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: Environmental policies address wellbeing and sustainability objectives, affecting firm and household behaviour. A newly developed, cross-country composite proxy of environmental policy stringency (EPS) shows that stringency has been increasing across OECD countries over the past two decades. However, the tightening environmental policies have had little effect on aggregate productivity, spurring primarily short-term adjustments. Nevertheless, they have led to various effects within the economy - the most technologically advanced industries and firms have seen a small increase in productivity, possibly being in the best position to adapt. Least productive firms have seen their productivity fall. Part of the effect is likely to have taken place through entry and exit of firms and relocation of activities. Finally, this project provides evidence on the anti-competitive bias of some aspects of environmental policies. The indicator of Burdens on the Economy due to Environmental Policies (BEEP) shows that barriers to entry and competition, and the consideration given to economic effects of environmental policies vary notably across countries, but that this variation is not related to the stringency of policies. Hence, to support both economic and environmental outcomes, stringent environmental policies can and should be implemented with minimum barriers to entry and competition.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264209091
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Financing state-owned enterprises
    DDC: 350.0092
    Keywords: Öffentliches Unternehmen ; Unternehmensfinanzierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This book sheds light on how financing decisions are made regarding state-owned enterprises and synthesises national policies and practices. It also examines a broad range of financial transactions and conditions which might make the cost of operating SOEs materially different than for private competitors, and identifies whether any mechanisms are in place to neutralise such differences.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264214279
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Series Statement: Better Policies
    Keywords: Economics ; Euro Area
    Abstract: This book provides an overview of the key challenges currently faced in the Euro Area and OECD's main policy recommendations to address them. Drawing on the OECD’s expertise in comparing country experiences and identifying best practices, the book tailors the OECD’s policy advice to the specific and timely priorities of the Euro Area, focusing on how its government can make reform happen.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264215894
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p.)
    Series Statement: Better Policies
    Keywords: Economics ; Slovenia
    Abstract: This book reviews recent work related to Slovenia and summarised key findings and recommendations in such areas as unemployment and the labour market, skills and productivity, product market competition, corporate governance, boosting innovation and moving up the value chain, public finances, the tax system, the financial system, and greening the economy.
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (41 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1178
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: Environmental policies seek to address market failures related to the protection of the environment. However, they may also increase barriers to entry and distort competition. If stringent environmental policies can be designed in a way that minimises such economic burdens, they can facilitate the achievement of economic and environmental goals and a cleaner growth model. This paper reports evidence on selected competition-relevant aspects of environmental policy design from a cross-country questionnaire. Information on administrative burdens related to environmental licenses, differential treatment among incumbents and new entrants and the procedures to evaluate economic effects of environmental policies are summarised in a set of indicators of the Burden on the Economy due to Environmental Policies (BEEP). The indicators allow for a set of tentative conclusions. Firstly, the BEEP captures information on anti-competitive regulations absent from the OECD’s product market regulation indicators (PMR). Secondly, though it is not yet possible to evaluate the economic impact of anti-competitive aspects of environmental policies, it is likely they impact well beyond the sectors directly concerned, hampering productivity growth, as shown for other product market regulations. Finally, the burdens of environmental policies are not related to their actual stringency, indicating that ambitious environmental targets can be pursued in ways that are more (or less) friendly to competition.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264217188
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252 p.)
    Series Statement: Connecting People with Jobs
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Connecting people with jobs
    Keywords: Aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Großbritannien ; Employment ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This report examines recent activation policies in the United Kingdom aimed at moving people back into work. It offers insight into how countries can improve the effectiveness of their employment services and also control spending on benefits. The United Kingdom's policies have helped limit the rise in unemployment during the crisis. It has been at the forefront of reform efforts by OECD countries to transform and modernise policies designed to help the unemployed find work, through major new programmes such as Universal Credit and the Work Programme. Although time is needed for these to gain momentum as well as for a full evaluation of their impact to be carried out, the report identifies a number of areas where consideration should be given to additional measures or adjustments to existing ones.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1144
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Women's Role in the Swiss Economy
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Economics ; Switzerland
    Abstract: En Suisse, les femmes ont désormais un niveau de formation égal à celui des hommes. Néanmoins, des progrès restent à accomplir sur le marché du travail où l’offre de main-d’oeuvre féminine et sa rémunération sont inférieures à celles des hommes. Le taux d’activité des femmes est élevé et ne cesse de croître, ce qui est contrebalancé toutefois par une forte incidence du travail à temps partiel, reflet de préférences individuelles et de facteurs qui restreignent le travail des femmes. L’insuffisance et le coût élevé des solutions de garde d’enfants, conjugués à un taux marginal d’imposition important pour les deuxièmes pourvoyeurs de revenus, dissuadent les femmes de travailler plus. L’écart net (c’est-à-dire inexpliqué) de rémunération de 7 % environ en faveur des hommes, persistant quoique en baisse, ainsi que la non-représentation des femmes parmi les dirigeants et chefs d’entreprise n’incite pas non plus ces dernières à tirer pleinement profit de leur niveau de formation élevé. Il faut donc éliminer ces obstacles en priorité, en augmentant les dépenses publiques consacrées aux structures de garde d’enfants et d’accueil parascolaire à l’échelon des cantons et des communes. Il faudrait aussi étudier la réglementation existante relative aux services de garde d’enfants pour voir s’il est possible d’élargir la gamme des prestations offertes, en termes de rapport qualité-prix. Il convient également de supprimer l’effet pénalisant implicite du mariage sur le plan fiscal, comme cela est actuellement envisagé par le Conseil fédéral. Une plus grande flexibilité dans l’aménagement du temps de travail pourrait également permettre aux femmes de réduire le coût de la conciliation entre travail et vie de famille. Ainsi, offrir aux femmes comme aux hommes la possibilité d’opter plus facilement pour des solutions comme les horaires de travail flexibles, l’annualisation des horaires, le partage de poste, le temps partiel ou le télétravail, et instituer un congé paternité et/ou un congé parental consécutif unique et non transférable pourraient aider les femmes à intégrer le marché du travail et à en sortir plus aisément. Le renforcement de la concurrence sur les marchés de produits devrait contribuer à combler l’écart de rémunération entre hommes et femmes, en remplaçant notamment certaines pratiques discriminatoires par la recherche des meilleurs talents, indépendamment du sexe. Enfin, un code de gouvernement d’entreprise en faveur d’une représentation plus égalitaire des femmes aux postes de direction et la fixation d’objectifs ambitieux pour accroître la proportion de femmes dans les conseils d’administrations, conjugués à l’adoption de la pratique « appliquer ou expliquer », ou encore l’instauration de quotas, devraient contribuer à la disparition du « plafond de verre ». Ce Document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE de la Suisse 2013 (www.oecd.org/eco/etudes/Suisse).
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1143
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Overcoming Skills Shortages in Canada
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Economics ; Canada
    Abstract: Les pénuries de compétences ont progressé dans certains secteurs et régions au cours des dernières années. L’avantage salarial s’accroît dans certaines professions, notamment la santé, l’ingénierie et les métiers spécialisés. Et les taux de postes vacants augmentent également dans les métiers spécialisés, en particulier en Alberta et dans la Saskatchewan. Des réformes ont été mises en oeuvre pour renforcer le processus d’ajustement afin de combler ces pénuries, mais il est possible d’aller plus loin en améliorant l’information sur le marché du travail, en renforçant la réactivité du système d’enseignement et de formation et du système d’immigration face aux attentes du marché du travail, et en réduisant les obstacles à la mobilité interprovinciale de la main-d’oeuvre. Ce Document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE du Canada 2014 (www.oecd.org/fr/eco/etudes/etude-economique-canada.htm).
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  • 77
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1145
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Deconstructing Canada's Housing Markets: Finance, Affordability and Urban Sprawl
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Economics ; Canada
    Abstract: Les prix des logements ont sensiblement augmenté au Canada au cours des dix dernières années, portant la dette des ménages et la construction de logements à des points hauts historiques. Bien que le durcissement de la politique macroprudentielle ait ralenti la croissance des emprunts des ménages ces dernières années, l’évolution à la hausse des prix de l’immobilier d’habitation s’est poursuivie, et l’accessibilité financière du logement demeure un problème majeur dans les centres urbains. Les primo-accédants doivent par conséquent consacrer une part plus importante de leurs revenus à l’achat de leur logement et sont exposés à de futures hausses des taux d’intérêt. La construction excessive de logements en copropriété dans quelques grandes villes semble constituer un facteur de risque, en particulier s’il y avait une correction majeure des prix sur ce segment qui se répercuterait sur d’autres compartiments du marché. Le pays bénéficie d’un système de financement du logement efficace et sain, qui a bien fonctionné tout au long de la crise financière mondiale grâce à un cadre solide de surveillance financière et à la garantie explicite de l’État dont bénéficie le marché hypothécaire. Néanmoins, la position dominante occupée par la Société canadienne d’hypothèques et de logement (SCHL), une société d’État, sur le marché de l’assurance prêt hypothécaire se traduit par la concentration d’un volume de risques important au niveau des finances publiques. Une amélioration des conditions de concurrence sur le marché de l’assurance prêt hypothécaire pourrait contribuer à une diversification de ces risques et à une réduction des éléments de passif éventuel assumés par les contribuables, tandis qu’une limitation de la couverture des pertes sur prêts permettrait d’obtenir un meilleur équilibre entre les intérêts individuels et collectifs. Il est possible que plusieurs villes pâtissent d’une pénurie de logements locatifs, en particulier dans la gamme des biens immobiliers accessibles pour les ménages à faibles revenus. Les politiques d’urbanisme se sont traduites par des zones d’habitation peu denses qui contribuent au niveau relativement élevé des émissions de carbone liées aux transports. Pour remédier à ces externalités, il faut renforcer les signaux-prix en matière d’aménagement foncier, d’utilisation des routes, de congestion et de stationnement, tout en intégrant mieux la planification des transports en commun. Pour empêcher que les ménages à faibles revenus ne soient marginalisés, il faudrait que les politiques d’aménagement favorisent la mixité sociale et incitent davantage le secteur privé à construire des logements abordables. Ce Document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE du Canada 2014 (www.oecd.org/eco/etudes/Canada).
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264217270
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 p.)
    Series Statement: Better Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Portugal; Consolidação dareforma estrutural para o apoio ao crescimento e à competitividade
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Portugal: Consolidação dareforma estrutural para o apoio ao crescimento e à competitividade
    Keywords: Economics ; Portugal
    Abstract: Having been hit hard by the global crisis, the Portuguese government has taken action to put its economy back on track, and to correct external and budgetary imbalances. Public finances have strengthened, and the current account deficit has closed on the back of gains in competitiveness and improvements in export performance. Portugal has also been able to reduce income inequality and relative poverty, a major accomplishment during a severe crisis with record levels of unemployment. As Portugal successfully exits the EU-IMF-ECB-supported programme and emerges from recession, it is more important than ever to build on these achievements. At the request of the Portuguese authorities, the OECD has carried out an assessment of the impact of the reforms implemented to date on the economy’s longer-term growth outlook. The analysis is based on OECD indicators of the restrictiveness of Product Market Regulation (PMR) and the strictness of Employment Protection Legislation (EPL). It updates the OECD report Portugal: Reforming the State to Promote Growth, published in 2013. According to the OECD’s Going for Growth exercise, Portugal is among the OECD countries with the best recent track record of responsiveness to structural reform recommendations. The reforms undertaken since 2009 to promote competition in product markets and enhance the dynamism of the labour market are expected to raise productivity and potential GDP by at least 3.5% by 2020.
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  • 79
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1142
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: This paper presents long-term trade scenarios for the world economy up to 2060 based on a modelling approach that combines aggregate growth projections for the world with a detailed computable general equilibrium sectoral trade model. The analysis suggests that over the next 50 years, the geographical centre of trade will continue to shift from OECD to non-OECD regions reflecting faster growth in non-OECD countries. The relative importance of different regions in specific export markets is set to change markedly over the next half century with emerging economies gaining export shares in manufacturing and services. Trade liberalisation, including gradual removal of tariffs, regulatory barriers in services and agricultural support, as well as a reduction in transaction costs on goods, could increase global trade and GDP over the next 50 years. Specific scenarios of regional liberalisation among a core group of OECD countries or partial multilateral liberalisation could, respectively, raise trade by 4% and 15% and GDP by 0.6% and 2.8% by 2060 relative to the status quo. Finally, the model highlights that investment in education has an influence on trade and high-skill specialisation patterns over the coming decades. Slower educational upgrading in key emerging economies than expected in the baseline scenario could reduce world exports by 2% by 2060. Lower up-skilling in emerging economies would also slow-down the restructuring towards higher value-added activities in these emerging economies.
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1175
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Germany
    Abstract: While past labour market reforms have been successful in terms of employment, the relative poverty risk and income inequality have remained broadly unchanged in recent years. Some social groups remain particularly vulnerable, including individuals in non-regular employment, the unemployed and the low skilled. If in employment, their jobs tend to be unstable and wages and income mobility low. Continued efforts are needed to foster economic growth in a more inclusive manner, such that the most vulnerable groups benefit from and contribute to economic growth more strongly and such that the gaps between the rich and the poor in terms of income and wellbeing are reduced. These efforts should include enhancing the labour market outcomes of the most vulnerable and increase upward income mobility among disadvantaged individuals; strengthening skills at the lower end of the skills distribution; revising the tax and benefit system to improve incentives and to ensure efficient and well-targeted redistribution; and to make health and old-age pension insurance more inclusive. This working paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of Germany (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-germany.htm).
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789264220676
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (450 p.)
    Edition: Second edition
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Europäische Kommission. Statistisches Amt Eurostat-OECD methodological guide for developing producer price indices for services
    Keywords: Erzeugerpreisindex ; Dienstleistungssektor ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; OECD ; Erzeugerpreis ; Preisindex ; Dienstleistungssektor
    Abstract: The International Producer Price Index Manual, Theory and Practice (PPI Manual) published by the IMF in 2004 consituted a landmark for international standards on price measurement and contains detailed, comprehensive information for the compilation of producer price indices as well as an extensive coverage of the conceptual and theoretical issues. This second edition of the Methodological Guide for Developing Producer Price Indices for Services (SPPI Guide) is a complement to the PPI Manual in two ways: it focuses on service-specific aspects in the PPI compilation by developing further the conceptual framework and it adds detailed descriptions of PPI measurement for a wide range of individual service industries. This second edition of the SPPI Guide has been jointly produced by the OECD, Eurostat, the members of a task Force with deleguates from 14 OECD/EU members countries (Australia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Poland, the United Kingdom and the United States)and in synergy with the Voorburg Group. Several countries contributed to the Guide by providing descriptions of service PPIs for individual industries, other countries were represented by national experts in at least one meeting of the Task Force.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264220102 , 9789264208636
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Risk management and corporate governance
    Keywords: Corporate Governance ; Risikomanagement ; Privatwirtschaft ; Öffentliches Unternehmen ; OECD-Staaten ; Norwegen ; Singapur ; Schweiz ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This sixth peer review of the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance analyses the corporate governance framework and practices relating to corporate risk management, in the private sector and in state-owned enterprises. The review covers 26 jurisdictions and is based on a general survey of all participating jurisdictions in December 2012, as well as an in-depth review of corporate risk management in Norway, Singapore and Switzerland. The report finds that while risk-taking is a fundamental driving force in business and entrepreneurship, the cost of risk management failures is often underestimated, both externally and internally, including the cost in terms of management time needed to rectify the situation. The reports thus concludes that corporate governance should ensure that risks are understood, managed, and, when appropriate, communicated.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264201415
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives régionales de l'OCDE 2014 ; Régions et villes ; Les politiques publiques à la rencontre des citoyens
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD regional outlook 2014
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regionalpolitik ; Regionales Wachstum ; Regionalentwicklung ; Kommunalpolitik ; Stadtwachstum ; Stadtentwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Regions and cities are on the front lines of many challenges faced by OECD countries today, from education and jobs to health care and quality of life. Getting regions and cities “right”, adapting policies to the specificities of where people live and work, is vital to improving citizens’ well-being. This second edition of the OECD Regional Outlook aims to help countries do just that. Part I describes the main trends and challenges today. Part II has a special focus on cities, looking at public investment, urban framework policies, and rural-urban issues. Part III presents a Policy Forum on the future of cities, with five contributions from distinguished authors and policy makers. Part IV offers profiles of regional development in all 34 OECD countries.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174825
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Financial education for youth
    DDC: 332
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finanzwissen ; Schule ; Schüler ; Unterricht ; Jugendliche ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Finance and Investment ; Schüler ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Bildung ; OECD
    Abstract: The importance of financial literacy and specifically the need to promote financial education has been recognised as an important contributor to improved financial inclusion and individuals’ financial well-being as well as a support to financial stability. The relevance of financial education policies is acknowledged at the highest global policy level: in 2012, G20 Leaders endorsed the OECD/INFE High-level Principles on National Strategies for Financial Education that specifically identify youth as one of the priority targets of government policies in this domain. That same year, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Ministers of Finance identified financial literacy as a critical life skill. The publication addresses the challenges linked to the introduction of financial education in schools, and provides practical guidance and case studies to assist policy makers, and a comparative analysis of existing learning frameworks for financial education in the formal school system.
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264203501
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Illicit financial flows from developing countries
    Keywords: Kapitalmobilität ; Geldwäsche ; Entwicklungsländer ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: This publication identifies the main areas of weakness and potential areas for action to combat money-laundering, tax evasion, foreign bribery, and to identify, freeze and return stolen assets. It also looks at the role of development agencies and finds that the potential returns to developing countries from using ODA on issues like combating tax evasion or asset recovery are significant. Finally, it identifies some opportunities for a scaled-up role for development agencies.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264202030
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Green growth indicators 2014
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Bericht ; OECD ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: The OECD Green Growth Strategy supports countries in fostering economic growth and development while ensuring that natural assets continue to provide the resources and environmental services on which well-being relies. Policies that promote green growth need to be founded on a good understanding of the determinants of green growth and need to be supported with appropriate indicators to monitor progress and gauge results. This book updates the 2011 Towards Green Growth: Monitoring progress. It presents the OECD framework for monitoring progress towards green growth and a selection of updated indicators that illustrate the progress that OECD countries have made since the 1990s.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264214651
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Environmental Policy and Household Behaviour
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers des comportements plus environnementaux ; Vue d'ensemble de l'enquête 2011
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Greening household behaviour
    Keywords: OECD ; Konsumentenverhalten ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Lebensstil ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; OECD ; Verbraucherverhalten ; Lebensstil ; Umweltbewusstsein
    Abstract: Developing growth strategies that promote greener lifestyles requires a good understanding of the factors that affect people’s behaviour towards the environment. Based on periodic surveys of more than 10 000 households, this publication presents responses from the most recent round of the OECD survey implemented in 2011, in 5 areas (energy, food, transport, waste and water) and 11 countries: Australia, Canada, Chile, France, Israel, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. The survey provides a common framework to collect unique empirical evidence for better policy design. Analysis comparing the data across countries, policy conditions and household characteristics reveals which measures most effectively change behaviour. Each round of the survey also allows to track changes over time and to explore new emerging issues. The new survey confirms the importance of providing the right economic incentives for influencing our decisions. The findings indicate that “soft” measures such as labelling and public information campaigns also have a significant complementary role to play. Spurring desirable behaviour change requires a mix of these instruments. This edition completely replaces the previously posted 2013 edition.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264216501
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (384 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gérer les migrations économiques pour mieux répondre aux besoins du marché du travail
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Matching economic migration with labour market needs
    Keywords: Regionale Arbeitsmobilität ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Matching ; OECD-Staaten ; EU-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Forschungsbericht ; OECD ; Europäische Union ; Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer
    Abstract: This publication gathers the papers presented at the “OECD-EU dialogue on mobility and international migration: matching economic migration with labour market needs” (Brussels, 24-25 February 2014), a conference jointly organised by the European Commission and the OECD. It provides new evidence on the role that international migration has played in Europe and in selected other OECD countries over the past decade in terms of labour force; educational attainment; and occupational changes. It analyses the availability and use of migrants’ skills based on an in-depth literature review as well as new data analyses for Europe and the United States, Canada and the OECD as a whole, taking advantage of the International Survey of Adult Skills – PIAAC. Finally, several chapters discuss the potential role of international migration in meeting current and future labour market needs in Europe, in the United States and in the European Union. This work shows that although migration can make an important contribution to labour force growth, its role in counterbalancing the effects of population ageing will depend on the capacity of countries to match labour needs to migrants’ characteristics.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319049908
    Language: English
    Pages: XV, 193 p. 18 illus., 14 illus. in color
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs on Pioneers in Science and Practice 18
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305
    RVK:
    Keywords: Beck, Ulrich ; Social sciences ; System safety ; Economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Bibliografie ; Beck, Ulrich 1944-2015
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
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  • 90
    ISBN: 1137398507 , 9781137398505
    Language: English
    Pages: XII, 257 S.
    Series Statement: Britain and the world
    DDC: 306.5
    RVK:
    Keywords: Professionalism in sports ; Professionalism in sports ; Nationalism and sports History 20th century ; Nationalism and sports History 20th century ; Nationalism and sports History 20th century ; Professionalism in sports History 20th century ; Professionalism in sports History 20th century ; Professionalism in sports History 20th century ; Großbritannien ; Australien ; Neuseeland ; Kanada ; Amateursport ; Nationalbewusstsein ; Geschichte 1900-1930
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionThe commercialisation of Australasian amateur athletics -- The role of race and class in defining the Australasian amateur community -- "Imperialism and nationalism in action"? : reconfiguring the athletic relationship with Britain -- North American cousins : relations with the United States and Canada -- A question of nationalism? : the dissolution of the Australasian amateur athletic relationship.
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  • 91
    Book
    Book
    Basingstoke [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 1137327790 , 9781137327796
    Language: English
    Pages: XI, 290 S. , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Martin, Bry [Rezension von: Schutte, Kimberly, Women, Rank, and Marriage in the British Aristocracy, 1485-2000: An Open Elite?] 2015
    Series Statement: Studies in modern history
    DDC: 306.810941
    RVK:
    Keywords: Marriage History ; Women Social conditions ; Aristocracy (Social class) ; Großbritannien ; Weiblicher Adel ; Sozialstatus ; Eheschließung ; Geschichte 1485-2000
    Description / Table of Contents: The basic marriage patternsBritish marriages -- An open aristocracy? -- The marriage market -- Practical considerations -- Kinship groups -- Elopement and defiant matches.
    Note: Literaturverz. S. [250] - 266
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9781137026606
    Language: English
    Pages: X, 206 S.
    Edition: 1. publ.
    Series Statement: Palgrave Macmillan studies in family and intimate life
    DDC: 306.85/089951041
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Chinese ; Families ; Parenting ; Generationsbeziehung ; Familie ; Kulturelle Identität ; Erziehung ; Chinesische Einwanderin ; Großbritannien ; Großbritannien ; Großbritannien ; Chinesische Einwanderin ; Familie ; Erziehung ; Generationsbeziehung ; Kulturelle Identität
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 93
    Book
    Book
    Basingstoke [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9781137467508
    Language: English
    Pages: XXIII, 325 S. , Ill. , 23 cm
    Edition: Publ. in paperback
    Series Statement: Migration, diasporas and citizenship series
    DDC: 303.485
    RVK:
    Keywords: Immigrants Cultural assimilation ; War and society ; Soldiers ; Großbritannien ; Militär ; Migrant ; Great Britain Armed Forces ; Minorities
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal: Journal of Business Cycle Measurement and Analysis Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 73-107 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:73-107
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Journal of Business Cycle Measurement and Analysis
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 73-107
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:73-107
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In the last few years, the growth in the amount of economic and financial data available has prompted econometricians to develop or adapt new methods enabling them to summarise efficiently the information contained in large databases. Of these methods, dynamic factor models have seen rapid growth and become very popular among macroeconomists. In this paper, we carry out a survey of recent literature on dynamic factor models. We start by presenting the models used before looking at parameter estimation methods and statistical tests available for choosing the number of factors. We then focus on recent empirical applications dealing with the construction of economic outlook indicators, macroeconomic forecasts, and both macroeconomic and monetary policy analyses.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal: Economic Studies Vol. 2013, no. 1, p. 269-315 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:1 | pages:269-315
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Economic Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 1, p. 269-315
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:269-315
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This article explores country-by-country differences in academic performance and attitudes towards school between students who repeated a grade in primary school, in secondary school or never repeated a grade. The analyses use PISA 2009 for 30 countries in which a relatively high proportion of students repeated a grade before the age of 15. The comparisons across countries and the examination of models of both academic and non-academic performance contribute to shed some light on the consequences of repeating a grade for students. The estimated associations suggest that in most countries examined, at the age of 15, students who repeated a grade in secondary school tend to perform better academically than do students who repeated a grade in primary school, but worse than non-repeaters. In terms of the measure of behavioural performance chosen for this analysis, attitudes towards school, in the majority of countries, non-repeaters tend to report more positive attitudes towards schools than primary and secondary-school repeaters, but the comparison between repeaters in primary and secondary schools shows less consistent patterns across countries. These differences are observed after accounting for background characteristics of the students and exploring some differential relationships between grade repetition and education outcomes according to student characteristics. The achievement and behavioural gaps among groups of repeaters may reflect differences in the development of academic and behavioural skills over the school years, as well as differences in the way these groups of students are treated across different educational systems.
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  • 96
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal: Economic Studies Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 61-96 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:61-96
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Economic Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 61-96
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:61-96
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper proposes a new set of public health and long-term care expenditure projections until 2060, following up on the previous set of projections published in 2006. It disentangles health from long-term care expenditure as well as the demographic from the non-demographic drivers, and refines the previous methodology, in particular by better identifying the underlying determinants of health and long-term care spending and by extending the country coverage to include BRIICS countries. A cost-containment and a cost-pressure scenario are provided together with sensitivity analysis. On average across OECD countries, total health and long-term care expenditure is projected to increase by 3.3 and 7.7 percentage points of GDP between 2010 and 2060 in the cost-containment and the cost-pressure scenarios, respectively. For the BRIICS over the same period, it is projected to increase by 2.8 and 7.3 percentage points of GDP in the costcontainment and the cost-pressure scenarios, respectively.
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  • 97
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal: Economic Studies Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 129-153 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:129-153
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Economic Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 129-153
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:129-153
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The paper analyses the “feedback effect” of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth in emerging economies via technology spillovers across borders. We study the effect of R–D spillovers resulting from outward FDI flows from 18 emerging economies into 34 OECD countries over the 1990-2010 period, comparing the impact with that of spillovers resulting from inward FDI flows. The result confirms that FDI enhances productivity growth; however the impact is much larger when R-D-intensive developed countries invest in the emerging economies than the other way round. Country-specific bilateral elasticities also support this outcome. JEL classification: F210, F430, F620, O470. Keywords: Outward FDI, Inward FDI, Reverse technology spillovers, Total factor productivity.
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  • 98
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal: Journal of Business Cycle Measurement and Analysis Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 1-26 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:1-26
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Journal of Business Cycle Measurement and Analysis
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 1-26
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-26
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This report investigates the predictability of cyclical turning points in Russia. For years, anyone interested in Russia had access to a full set of common tools for business cycle analysis, such as several composite leading indicators, a purchasing managers’ index, enterprise and consumer sentiment indexes, and so on. However, the 2008-09 world financial crisis spread throughout Russia quite unexpectedly for most politicians, businessmen and experts alike. Is it possible that none of existing indexes were able to say anything about the approaching decline? Using a simple “rule of thumb” proposed in this report one may easily see that that in reality this was not the case. So then why did a more or less definite forecast provided by some indexes have no consequences for common economic sentiments in Russia? This report gives some answers to this question. Keywords: recession; growth cycles; cyclical indicators; leading indicators; turning points; Russia JEL classification: E32
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  • 99
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal: Economic Studies Vol. 2013, no. 1, p. 209-234 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:1 | pages:209-234
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Economic Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 1, p. 209-234
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:209-234
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Emissions trading systems (ETS) can play a major role in a cost-effective climate policy framework. Both direct linking of ETSs and indirect linking through a common crediting mechanism can reduce costs of action.We use a global recursive-dynamic computable general equilibrium model to assess the effects of direct and indirect linking of ETS systems across world regions. Linking of domestic Annex I ETSs leads to moderate aggregate cost savings, as differences in domestic permit prices are limited. Countries benefit directly from linking by either buying permits and avoiding investing in highcost mitigation options, or by exploiting relatively cheap mitigation options and selling permits at a higher price. Although the economy of the main permit sellers, such as Russia, is negatively affected by the real exchange rate appreciation that is induced by the large export of permits, on balance they also still benefit from linking. The costsaving potential for developed countries of well-functioning crediting mechanisms appears to be very large. Even limited use of credits would nearly halve mitigation costs; cost savings would be largest for carbon-intensive economies. However, one open issue iswhether these gains can be fully reaped in reality, given that direct linking and the use of crediting mechanisms both raise complex system design and implementation issues. The analysis in this paper shows, however, that the potential gains to be reaped are so large, that substantial efforts in this domain are warranted. JEL classification: H23, O41, Q54 Keywords: Climate mitigation policy, emissions trading systems, general equilibrium models, linking carbon markets
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  • 100
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal: Economic Studies Vol. 2013, no. 1, p. 91-119 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:1 | pages:91-119
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Economic Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 1, p. 91-119
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:91-119
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In many OECD countries debt has soared to levels threatening fiscal sustainability, necessitating its reduction over the medium to longer term. This paper proposes a stylised model, featuring endogenous interactions between fiscal policy, growth and financial markets, to highlight how economic shocks and structural features of an economy can affect consolidation strategy and resulting growth and inflation developments. The fiscal authorities are assumed to choose a consolidation path from a predetermined set of possible paths by maximising cumulative GDP growth and minimising cumulative squared output gaps, with the objective to reach a given debtto- GDP level within a finite horizon and stabilise debt afterwards under the assumption of the unchanged fiscal policy stance. Illustrative simulations for a hypothetical economy show, among other things, that by requiring debt to stabilise part of the initial adjustment can be reversed; some stepping up of the fiscal adjustment can be optimal if bond yields increase due to an exogenous shock; and for some debt reduction targets, high fiscal multipliers, hysteresis effects and higher government bond yields imply protracted deflation and large negative output gaps, stressing the need to select reasonable fiscal targets consistent with market conditions. JEL classification: E61, E62, H6 Keywords: Fiscal consolidation, sovereign debt, government budget balance, fiscal rules
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