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  • 2015-2019  (4,085)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (4,075)
  • الدوحة : المركز العربي للأبحاث و دراسة السياسات
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Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Connecting with emigrants : a global profile of diasporas ... (from 2012-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ; 2012 -
    Details
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 2012 -
    DDC: 380
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Migration ; Minderheit
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    BSZ
    GBV
  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Connecting with emigrants : a global profile of diasporas ... (from 2012-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ; 2012 -
    Details
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 2012 -
    DDC: 380
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Migration ; Minderheit
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    KOBV
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Skills Studies Skills Matter Additional Results from the Survey of Adult Skills (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264799004
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (132 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 302.2244
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Functional literacy
    Abstract: In the wake of the technological revolution that began in the last decades of the 20th century, labour-market demand for information-processing and other high-level cognitive and interpersonal skills have been growing substantially. Based on the results from the 39 countries and regions that participated in the 1st cycle of the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC), it places special emphasis on the results from the 3rd round of this cycle, with 6 new countries collecting data in 2018-19. This report describes adults' proficiency in information-processing skills and examines how proficiency is related to education, labour-market and social outcomes.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    BSZ
    GBV
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Skills Outlook 2019 Thriving in a Digital World (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264776180
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (274 pages)
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Outlook
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 302.2244
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Functional literacy
    Abstract: Economies and societies are undergoing digital transformations that bring both opportunities and challenges and countries' preparedness to seize the benefits of a digital world is largely dependent on the skills of their population.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    BSZ
    GBV
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Educational Research and Innovation Educating 21st Century Children Emotional Well-being in the Digital Age (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264959941
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (284 pages)
    DDC: 306
    Keywords: Well-being. ; Child development ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report examines modern childhood, looking specifically at the intersection between emotional well-being and new technologies. It explores how parenting and friendships have changed in the digital age. It examines children as digital citizens, and how best to take advantage of online opportunities while minimising the risks. The volume ends with a look at how to foster digital literacy and resilience, highlighting the role of partnerships, policy and protection.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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    Online Resource
    HeBIS
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    L’ascenseur social en panne ? Comment promouvoir la mobilité sociale (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264684447 , 9789264714953 , 9789264394049
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (350 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe A Broken Social Elevator? How to Promote Social Mobility
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Ce rapport propose des données inédites sur la mobilité sociale, alors que les inégalités de revenu et des chances se creusent dans les pays de l'OCDE et dans certaines économies émergentes. Il couvre les aspects ayant trait à la fois à la mobilité sociale entre les parents et leurs enfants et à la mobilité individuelle sur l’échelle des revenus tout au long de la vie, ainsi que leurs déterminants. Le rapport montre que la mobilité sociale d’une génération à l’autre est limitée au regard des différentes dimensions que sont les revenus, l’éducation, l’emploi et la santé, le constat étant identique s’agissant de la mobilité individuelle sur l’échelle des revenus au cours de l’existence. On observe notamment une absence de mobilité au bas et au sommet de l’échelle sociale – avec des phénomènes de « planchers adhérents » limitant les possibilités d’ascension sociale et de « plafonds adhérents » associés à une monopolisation des opportunités au sommet de l’échelle. L’absence de mobilité sociale a des répercussions aussi bien économiques que politiques, sans compter les effets qu’elle engendre à l’échelle de la société. Le rapport montre que les pouvoirs publics peuvent agir pour améliorer la mobilité dans nos sociétés et pour protéger les ménages des effets négatifs provoqués par les chocs enregistrés au niveau des revenus. Il examine les options et les mesures à la disposition des responsables de l’action publique afin d’améliorer la mobilité sociale entre les générations et au sein de ces dernières.
    DOI: 10.1787/bc38f798-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Part-time and Partly Equal: Gender and Work in the Netherlands (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264360037 , 9789264327436 , 9789264914438
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Part-time and partly equal
    Keywords: Teilzeitarbeit ; Geschlechterunterschiede ; Niederlande ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Netherlands
    Abstract: The Netherlands performs well on many measures of gender equality, but the country faces a persistent equality challenge between women and men: the high share of women in part-time jobs. Nearly 60% of women in the Dutch labour market work part-time, roughly three times the OECD average for women, and over three times the rate for Dutch men. The Netherlands’ gender gap in hours worked contributes to the gender gap in earnings, the gender gap in pensions, women’s slower progression into management roles, and the unequal division of unpaid work at home. These gaps typically widen with parenthood, as mothers often reduce hours in the labour market to take on more unpaid care work at home. The Dutch government must redouble its efforts to achieve gender equality. Better social policy support can help level the playing field between men and women, contribute to more egalitarian norms around the division of work, and foster more gender-equal behaviour in paid and unpaid work in the Netherlands.
    DOI: 10.1787/204235cf-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Legal Frameworks for Long-Term Operation of Nuclear Power Reactors (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264631281
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: With almost 70% of the operating nuclear power reactors over 30 years of age, countries around the world are assessing whether to allow reactor operation past the 50 60 year mark and potentially up to 80 years. Ensuring a proper legal framework for the long term operation (LTO) of nuclear power reactors is a key component of such considerations. The aim of this report is to provide insights into the various laws, regulations and policies that contribute to different countries' approaches to LTO. By collecting information from more than 20 NEA member and non member countries, this report highlights both commonalities among approaches as well as possible reasons for variations. Ultimately, the information gathered can serve as a vital resource for future exchanges respecting the legal aspects of LTO, with a view to further development and strengthening of the collective understanding of these issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/c7b6dbb2-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Efficiency in Railway Operations and Infrastructure Management (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282117774
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (119 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Roundtable Reports no.177
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This report provides a framework for making reliable comparisons of the efficiency of rail systems. Efficiency is of concern to all governments but measuring it for railways is challenging. This is because of the complexity of providing rail services and the diversity of business models adopted to deliver them. Restructuring of the sector in many countries makes trends in costs and efficiency particularly difficult to track. There are also trade-offs to be made in how detailed the analysis needs to be and the availability of consistent data over time. The report proposes a balanced scorecard for characterising performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/914047c5-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sous pression : la classe moyenne en perte de vitesse (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264828803 , 9789264916296 , 9789264813175
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (167 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Under Pressure: The Squeezed Middle Class
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Les ménages de la classe moyenne, qui ont le sentiment d’être laissés de côté, mettent en question les retombées de la mondialisation. Dans de nombreux pays de l’OCDE, en effet, les revenus intermédiaires ont moins progressé que le revenu moyen ; pire, dans quelques pays, ils n’ont pas augmenté du tout. Il est vrai que la technologie a automatisé un certain nombre de métiers moyennement qualifiés qui étaient occupés il y a quelques dizaines d’années encore par des travailleurs de la classe moyenne. Le coût de certains biens et services, comme le logement, qui sont essentiels au mode de vie de la classe moyenne, a en outre augmenté plus rapidement que les revenus d’activité et l’inflation globale. Dans ce contexte, les classes moyennes ont vu leur capacité d’épargne diminuer et, dans certains cas, elles se sont même endettées. Le présent rapport apporte un éclairage sur les multiples pressions subies par la classe moyenne. Il analyse les tendances chez les ménages à revenu intermédiaire dans diverses dimensions telles que l’emploi, la consommation, la santé et l’endettement, ainsi que les perceptions et les attitudes sociales. Il examine en outre diverses initiatives visant à répondre aux préoccupations soulevées par la classe moyenne, notamment la protection du niveau de vie et de la sécurité financière de la classe moyenne face aux défis économiques.
    DOI: 10.1787/2b47d7a4-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transforming Industry through CCUS (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264912557
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Industry is the basis for prospering societies and central to economic development. As the source of almost one-quarter of CO2 emissions, it must also be a central part of the clean energy transition. Emissions from industry can be among the hardest to abate in the energy system, in particular due to process emissions that result from chemical or physical reactions and the need for high-temperature heat. A portfolio of technologies and approaches will be needed to address the decarbonisation challenge while supporting sustainable and competitive industries. Carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) is expected to play a critical role in this sustainable transformation. For some industrial and fuel transformation processes, CCUS is one of the most cost-effective solutions available for large-scale emissions reductions. In the IEA Clean Technology Scenario (CTS), which sets out a pathway consistent with the Paris Agreement climate ambition, CCUS contributes almost one-fifth of the emissions reductions needed across the industry sector. More than 28 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide (GtCO2) is captured from industrial processes in the period to 2060, the majority of it from the cement, steel and chemical subsectors. A strengthened and tailored policy response will be needed to support the transformation of industry consistent with climate goals while preserving competitiveness. The development of CO2 transport and storage networks for industrial CCUS hubs can reduce unit costs through economies of scale and facilitate investment in CO2 capture facilities. Establishing markets for premium lower-carbon materials – such as cement, steel and chemicals – through public and private procurement can also accelerate the adoption of CCUS and other lower-carbon industrial processes.
    DOI: 10.1787/09689323-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Status of Power System Transformation 2019 : Power system flexibility (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264444829
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: As power systems around the world transform, power system flexibility has become a global priority. A range of operational, policy and investment-based interventions are available to render modern systems more flexible, thereby facilitating cleaner, and more reliable, more resilient, and more affordable energy. This report identifies challenges and opportunities to unlock system flexibility and accelerate power system transformation (PST) efforts. It provides an overview of the policy, regulatory and market instruments which can be implemented in different power sector contexts to mitigate these challenges. Importantly, all power system assets, including variable renewable energy, can provide flexibility services, if enabled by proper policy, market and regulatory frameworks. These assets include power plants, electricity networks, energy storage and distributed energy resources. A wealth of known strategies, approaches and instruments can be readily applied and adapted to power systems. These include modifications to: energy strategies; legal frameworks; policies and programmes; regulatory frameworks; market rules; system operation protocols; and connection codes. Moving forward, updating system flexibility policies to match the pace of technological development can help to accelerate global PST, while ensuring that all classes of power system assets are able to receive fair remuneration for the flexibility services they are capable of providing.
    DOI: 10.1787/7c49400a-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inovācijas, lauksaimniecības produktivitāte un ilgtspējība Latvijā (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264864689
    Language: Latvian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (215 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Innovation, Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability in Latvia
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Latvia
    Abstract: Latvijai, kas ir Eiropas Savienības dalībvalsts kopš 2004. gada, ir maza, dinamiska un atvērta ekonomika, kas veiksmīgi pārgājusi no centrālās plānošanas uz tirgus ekonomiku. Uzsāktās reformas ir veicinājušas progresu, lai gan kopumā no zema starta līmeņa un lauksaimniecībā lēnākā tempā nekā ekonomikā kopumā. Šajā ziņojumā aplūkoti apstākļi, kādos Latvijas pārtikas un lauksaimniecības nozares saimniecības un uzņēmumi veic inovācijas, lai kļūtu produktīvāki un videi draudzīgāki. Tajā apzinātas iespējas, kā arī problēmas, kas vēl jārisina. To skaitā ir prasmju nepietiekamība, emigrācija un iedzīvotāju skaita samazināšanās, kā arī iedzīvotāju un pakalpojumu koncentrācija pilsētās, kas skar visu tautsaimniecību. Nozares līmenī ir problēmas ar lauksaimniecības atbalsta maksājumu izmantošanu nekomerciālu saimniecību atbalstam un augsts neapmaksātā darbaspēka līmenis lauku saimniecībās. Risinot šīs problēmas, lauksaimniecības inovācijas var izmantot, lai uzlabotu nozares produktivitāti, kā arī pārtikas sistēmas ilgtspēju un efektivitāti. Šajā pārskatā sniegti vairāki ieteikumi, kas ļautu lauksaimniecības politikai veicināt labi funkcionējošu inovācijas sistēmu, kura spētu risināt nākotnes problēmas.
    DOI: 10.1787/279bde8c-lv
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tax Revenue Implications of Decarbonising Road Transport : Scenarios for Slovenia (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264699410 , 9789264627352 , 9789264483637
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tax revenue implications of decarbonising road transport
    Keywords: Straßenverkehr ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Steuereinnahmen ; Slowenien ; Energy ; Environment ; Taxation ; Trade ; Slovenia
    Abstract: This report investigates how tax revenue from transport fuels could evolve over time as vehicles rely less on fossil fuels, with a focus on the case study of the Republic of Slovenia. Reducing the reliance on fossil fuels in the transport sector is a welcome development from the perspective of its climate and health impacts and of reduced energy dependence. However, under current settings, reduced fuel use will also lead to a loss of tax revenues, which may put stress on government budgets. Based on simulations for Slovenia, with a 2050 horizon, the report provides an in-depth assessment of the taxation of road transport and investigates how tax policy could adapt to declining fossil fuel use in the long term if the objective is to maintain revenues at current levels while taking fairness and efficiency considerations into account. It finds that gradual tax reforms, with an evolving mix of taxes, shifting from taxes on fuel to taxes on distances driven, can contribute to more sustainable tax policy over the long term.
    DOI: 10.1787/87b39a2f-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    L' égalité des sexes au Canada : Intégration, gouvernance et budgétisation (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264312159 , 9789264312142 , 9789264311770
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gender Equality in Canada: Mainstreaming, Governance and Budgeting
    Keywords: Governance ; Canada
    Abstract: L’engagement du Canada en faveur de l’égalité des sexes existe de longue date et la création d’une société véritablement inclusive fait l’objet d’un programme de plus en plus ambitieux. Notamment, ces dernières années, le gouvernement du Canada a renforcé le cadre de gouvernance fédéral en matière d’égalité des sexes, mettant en place des institutions, des politiques, des outils et des structures de responsabilité. L’examen des politiques d’égalité des sexes au Canada réalisé par l’OCDE formule des recommandations relatives à la poursuite du développement de ce cadre de gouvernance. Il recense également les progrès réalisés par le Canada en matière de budgétisation liée au genre et formule d’autres recommandations pour la mise en œuvre d’une approche plus globale, systématique et durable.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311770-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    France : Profils de santé par pays 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264919747
    Language: French
    Pages: 21 x 29.7cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe France: Country Health Profile 2019
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; France
    DOI: 10.1787/1abb0fea-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Études économiques de l’OCDE : Lettonie 2017 (version abrégée) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264611498
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Surveys: Latvia 2017
    Keywords: Economics ; Latvia
    Abstract: La Lettonie a enregistré une croissance économique vigoureuse ces dernières années, bien qu'elle ait souffert de la récession mondiale et se trouve dans une situation difficile, compte tenu de la baisse de ses exportations vers la Russie. Les exportateurs lettons ont gagné des parts de marché. La progression des salaires a soutenu la croissance de la consommation des ménages. La situation budgétaire est saine, le budget étant à l’équilibre en 2016 et la dette publique étant proche de 40 % du PIB. L'endettement du secteur privé est retombé à un niveau relativement bas. Le niveau modeste de l’endettement public et privé et la robustesse du secteur financier sous-tendent une solide confiance du secteur financier. Moteur essentiel de la croissance économique, la zone métropolitaine de Riga réunit les secteurs naissants de haute technologie du pays et représente environ 69 % du PIB letton.
    DOI: 10.1787/bd349171-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 18
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    Vers le numérique : Forger des politiques au service de vies meilleures (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264815834 , 9789264924369 , 9789264592131
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Going Digital: Shaping Policies, Improving Lives
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Going Digital: Den digitalen Wandel gestalten, das Leben verbessern
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Ce rapport aide les décideurs politiques à optimiser les bénéfices de la transformation numérique pour tous, à favoriser la croissance et améliorer le bien-être. Il reflète les travaux réalisés dans le cadre du projet de l’OCDE sur la transformation numérique durant la période 2017-18 et d’autres travaux de l’OCDE dans ce domaine. Le rapport identifie les vecteurs de la transformation numérique, ainsi que des questions à mieux cerner. Il offre une vision économique et sociale holistique de ses implications sur les tendances clés, leurs effets, et les questions politiques qui en découlent, lesquelles doivent être coordonnées à travers des domaines différents. En outre, le rapport établit un agenda numérique ambitieux pour l’OCDE et au-delà.
    DOI: 10.1787/7cba1873-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 19
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    ¿Cómo va la vida en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina? (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264182752 , 9789264736351 , 9789264773646
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe How's Life in the Province of Córdoba, Argentina?
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Argentina
    Abstract: Este informe evalúa el bienestar en los cuatro aglomerados urbanos más grandes de la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina) y proporciona recomendaciones de políticas para fortalecer las prácticas de desarrollo regional y, en última instancia, mejorar el bienestar de las personas. Utilizando alrededor de 30 indicadores, el informe analiza el desempeño de los aglomerados de Córdoba en 12 dimensiones de bienestar en comparación con 391 regiones de 36 países de la OCDE y 98 regiones de Brasil, Perú, Colombia y Costa Rica. El informe también documenta las desigualdades de bienestar entre los cuatro aglomerados de Córdoba y sugiere tres áreas prioritarias en las que la provincia debería enfocarse para abordar los desafíos de bienestar: i) asegurar que los indicadores de bienestar sirven para guiar la toma de decisiones en el futuro; ii) continuar fortaleciendo y modernizando el sistema estadístico provincial para expandir la base y uso de evidencia; y iii) fortalecer los mecanismos e instituciones de gobernanza para promover un desarrollo regional efectivo, eficiente e inclusivo.
    DOI: 10.1787/91dd813a-es
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 20
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    Simplificación Administrativa en el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264311268 , 9789264311275 , 9789264306585
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Administrative Simplification in the Mexican Social Security Institute
    Keywords: Governance ; Economics ; Mexico
    Abstract: El presente informe mide el impacto en ciudadanos y empresas de las acciones de simplificación administrativa desarrolladas por el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Las cargas administrativas tienen un costo, medido en el tiempo que les lleva a los ciudadanos y las empresas completar formularios y esperar en fila para solicitar o entregar información al gobierno. Usando una adaptación del Modelo de Costeo Estándar, el informe encuentra que las cargas administrativas para los usuarios han disminuido en al menos un 25% gracias a la simplificación y digitalización de trámites. El informe también sugiere cómo el Instituto podría reducir aún más estas cargas. Al promover el uso de trámites en línea, las cargas podrían reducirse en un 11% adicional.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264306585-es
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 21
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    In-Depth Productivity Review of Belgium (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264661059
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (159 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als In-depth productivity review of Belgium
    Keywords: Produktivität ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Belgien ; Employment ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Belgium ; Belgien ; Produktivität
    Abstract: Belgium has a high level of productivity. However, growth of productivity has declined quite strongly over the past two decades, and more so than in other advanced economies. This is a worrying development, as fewer productivity gains mean less wage growth and a slowdown in improvements to pensions, health care and well-being. This In-Depth Productivity Review of Belgium assesses in detail the drivers of productivity and recommends a 7-Point Action Plan to reignite productivity growth in Belgium. Reviving productivity growth requires action in many areas cutting across governments and ministerial competences. Measures are needed to instil more dynamism in Belgium’s economy, both among businesses and in the labour market, and to make the public finances more growth-oriented. In addition to recommending detailed policy measures to revive productivity growth, the Review contains three analytical chapters that lay out the evidence base: Chapter 1 on economy-wide and sectoral trends in productivity; Chapter 2 on the role of firms for productivity, with a focus on the dispersion of performance among businesses; and Chapter 3 on the worker dimension of productivity, with a focus on the role of wage bargaining and skills.
    DOI: 10.1787/88aefcd5-en
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  • 22
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    Nuclear Power in a Clean Energy System (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264393394
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (103 p.)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Nuclear power and hydropower form the backbone of low-carbon electricity generation. Together, they provide three-quarters of global low-carbon generation. Over the past 50 years, the use of nuclear power has reduced carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by over 60 gigatonnes – nearly two years’ worth of global energy-related emissions. However, in advanced economies, nuclear power has begun to fade, with plants closing and little new investment made, just when the world requires more low-carbon electricity. This report, Nuclear Power in a Clean Energy System, focuses on the role of nuclear power in advanced economies and the factors that put nuclear power at risk of future decline. It is shown that without action, nuclear power in advanced economies could fall by two-thirds by 2040. The implications of such a “Nuclear Fade Case” for costs, emissions and electricity security using two World Energy Outlook scenarios – the New Policies Scenario and the Sustainable Development Scenario are examined. Achieving the pace of CO2 emissions reductions in line with the Paris Agreement is already a huge challenge, as shown in the Sustainable Development Scenario. It requires large increases in efficiency and renewables investment, as well as an increase in nuclear power. This report identifies the even greater challenges of attempting to follow this path with much less nuclear power. It recommends several possible government actions that aim to: ensure existing nuclear power plants can operate as long as they are safe, support new nuclear construction and encourage new nuclear technologies to be developed.
    DOI: 10.1787/fc5f4b7e-en
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  • 23
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    Business Models for the Circular Economy : Opportunities and Challenges for Policy (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264405110 , 9789264311428 , 9789264691445
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Business models for the circular economy
    Keywords: Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Geschäftsmodell ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Geschäftsmodell ; Recycling ; Natürliche Ressourcen
    Abstract: Natural resources, and the materials derived from them, represent the physical basis for the economic system. Recent decades have witnessed an unprecedented growth in demand for these resources, which has triggered interest from policy makers in transitioning to a more resource efficient and circular economy. This report presents a typology of five circular business models that could support the transition to a more resource efficient and circular economy: circular supply, resource recovery, product life extension, sharing, and product service system models. It reviews the current market penetration and assesses the potential scalability of each business model. Environmental potential is also discussed, as well as risks and unintended consequences that could result from a more widespread adoption of these business models. The report provides a broad set of policy approaches that could help alleviate some of the barriers that currently hinder the widespread adoption of circular business models.
    DOI: 10.1787/g2g9dd62-en
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  • 24
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    Under Pressure: The Squeezed Middle Class (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264699274 , 9789264982512 , 9789264150348
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (167 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Sous pression : la classe moyenne en perte de vitesse
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Under pressure
    RVK:
    MS 1390
    Keywords: Mittelschicht ; Soziale Lage ; Haushaltseinkommen ; Ausgaben ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Mittelstand ; Soziale Situation
    Abstract: Middle-class households feel left behind and have questioned the benefits of economic globalisation. In many OECD countries, middle incomes have grown less than the average and in some they have not grown at all. Technology has automated several middle-skilled jobs that used to be carried out by middle-class workers a few decades ago. The costs of some goods and services such as housing, which are essential for a middle-class lifestyle, have risen faster than earnings and overall inflation. Faced with this, middle classes have reduced their ability to save and in some cases have fallen into debt. This report sheds light on the multiple pressures on the middle class. It analyses the trends of middle-income households through dimensions such as labour occupation, consumption, wealth and debt, as well as perceptions and social attitudes. It also discusses policy initiatives to address the concerns raised by the middle class, by protecting middle-class living standards and financial security in the face of economic challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/689afed1-en
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  • 25
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    Good Practice for Good Jobs in Early Childhood Education and Care (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264948716 , 9789264800380 , 9789264941083
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gute Strategien für gute Berufe in der frühen Bildung
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Good practice for good jobs in early childhood education and care
    Keywords: Sozialberufe ; Frühkindliche Bildung ; Kinderbetreuung ; Qualifikation ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Kleinkinderziehung ; Kinderbetreuung ; Sozialberuf ; Qualifikation
    Abstract: Recruiting and retaining skilled staff is a long-standing challenge for the early childhood education and care (ECEC) sector. OECD countries are increasingly demanding that ECEC staff be highly skilled and highly qualified, but a combination of low wages, a lack of status and public recognition, poor working conditions, and limited opportunities for professional development mean that recruitment and retention are frequently difficult. What can countries do to build a highly qualified and well-trained ECEC workforce? What is the best route to increasing staff skills without exacerbating staff shortages? How can countries boost pay and working conditions in the context of limited resources? Building on past OECD work on early childhood education and care, and drawing on the experience of OECD countries, this report outlines good practice policy measures for improving jobs in ECEC and for constructing a high-quality workforce.
    DOI: 10.1787/64562be6-en
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    How's Life in the Digital Age? : Opportunities and Risks of the Digital Transformation for People's Well-being (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264311800 , 9789264313330 , 9789264313323
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (172 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als How's life in the digital age?
    Keywords: Lebensqualität ; Digitalisierung ; Sozialer Indikator ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report documents how the ongoing digital transformation is affecting people’s lives across the 11 key dimensions that make up the How’s Life? Well-being Framework (Income and wealth, Jobs and earnings, Housing, Health status, Education and skills, Work-life balance, Civic engagement and governance, Social connections, Environmental quality, Personal security, and Subjective well-being). A summary of existing studies highlights 39 key impacts of the digital transformation on people’s well-being. The review shows that these impacts can be positive as digital technologies expand the boundaries of information availability and enhance human productivity, but can also imply risks for people’s well-being, ranging from cyber-bullying to the emergence of disinformation or cyber-hacking. In sum, making digitalisation work for people’s well-being would require building equal digital opportunities, widespread digital literacy and strong digital security. Continued research and efforts in improving statistical frameworks will be needed to expand our knowledge on the many topics covered in this report.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311800-en
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  • 27
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    Gute Strategien für gute Berufe in der frühen Bildung (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264751064
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Good Practice for Good Jobs in Early Childhood Education and Care
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Die Gewinnung und Bindung von Fachkräften stellt im Bereich der frühkindlichen Bildung, Betreuung und Erziehung (FBBE) seit geraumer Zeit eine Herausforderung dar. Den OECD-Ländern ist es zunehmend wichtig, dass FBBE-Fachkräfte ein hohes Qualifikationsniveau besitzen, doch führen Niedriglöhne, ein geringes Ansehen, fehlende öffentliche Anerkennung, schlechte Arbeitsbedingungen und begrenzte berufliche Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten dazu, dass die Personalgewinnung und -bindung sich häufig schwierig gestalten. Was können die einzelnen Länder tun, um einen Bestand an hochqualifizierten und gut ausgebildeten FBBE-Fachkräften aufzubauen? Welches ist der beste Weg, um die Kompetenzen der Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter zu erhöhen, ohne dabei den Fachkräftemangel zu verstärken? Wie können die Länder angesichts begrenzter Ressourcen die Löhne anheben und die Arbeitsbedingungen verbessern? Auf der Grundlage früherer Arbeiten der OECD zum Thema frühkindliche Bildung, Betreuung und Erziehung und Erfahrungen aus OECD-Ländern stellt dieser Bericht bewährte Maßnahmen für bessere FBBE-Arbeitsplätze und den Ausbau des Bestands hochqualifizierter Arbeitskräfte vor.
    DOI: 10.1787/cb63ff14-de
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    Measuring the Digital Transformation : A Roadmap for the Future (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264311992 , 9789264312043 , 9789264312050
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cómo medir la transformación digital : Hoja de ruta para el futuro
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Measuring the digital transformation
    RVK:
    MS 1170
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Digitalisierung
    Abstract: Measuring the Digital Transformation: A Roadmap for the Future provides new insights into the state of the digital transformation by mapping indicators across a range of areas – from education and innovation, to trade and economic and social outcomes – against current digital policy issues, as presented in Going Digital: Shaping Policies, Improving Lives. In so doing, it identifies gaps in the current measurement framework, assesses progress made towards filling these gaps and sets-out a forward-looking measurement roadmap. The goal is to expand the evidence base, as a means to lay the ground for more robust policies for growth and well-being in the digital era.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311992-en
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  • 29
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    L’intelligence artificielle dans la société (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264686823 , 9789264943124 , 9789264353343
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (175 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Künstliche Intelligenz in der Gesellschaft
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 사회 속의 인공지능
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Artificial Intelligence in Society
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Le paysage technique de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) s’est métamorphosé depuis 1950, lorsqu’Alan Turing s’interrogeait pour la première fois sur la capacité des machines à penser. Aujourd’hui, l’IA transforme les économies et les sociétés. Elle promet de générer des gains de productivité, d’améliorer le bien-être et de contribuer à apporter des solutions aux défis mondiaux que sont, par exemple, le changement climatique, l’épuisement des ressources et les crises sanitaires. Cependant, à l’heure où ces applications sont adoptées à travers le monde, leur utilisation soulève un certain nombre d’interrogations et de difficultés ayant trait, entre autres, aux valeurs humaines, à l’équité, à la détermination humaine, à la protection de la vie privée, à la sécurité et à la responsabilité. Le présent rapport contribue à faire émerger une compréhension commune de l’IA, sous sa forme actuelle et dans son évolution à court terme, à travers des relevés du paysage technique, économique, pratique et réglementaire de l’IA et la mise en évidence de grandes considérations de politique publique. Il contribue également à un débat coordonné et cohérent entre les diverses enceintes nationales et internationales.
    DOI: 10.1787/b7f8cd16-fr
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    Unpacking E-commerce : Business Models, Trends and Policies (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264784185 , 9789264689626 , 9789264963399
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Unpacking e-commerce
    Keywords: Online-Handel ; Geschäftsmodell ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Electronic Shopping ; Online-Shop ; Geschäftsmodell
    Abstract: As digital transformation has accelerated, the e-commerce landscape has become increasingly dynamic. New players have emerged at the same time that established actors have taken on new roles; some barriers to e-commerce at the firm, individual and country levels have been overcome, while other barriers have emerged. Innovative business models have transformed buyer-seller relationships and pushed out the frontier of what is possible to buy and sell online. This report analyses new and emerging e-commerce business models, examines e-commerce trends along a range of dimensions, and offers new insights on the policies needed to exploit the opportunities and mitigate the challenges of unlocking the potential of e-commerce for all.
    DOI: 10.1787/23561431-en
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  • 31
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    Fast Forward to Gender Equality : Mainstreaming, Implementation and Leadership (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264313019
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe ジェンダー平等の加速: 主流化、実施、リーダーシップ
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fast forward to gender equality
    Keywords: Gleichberechtigung ; Gleichstellungspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report maps strategies, governance tools, institutional settings and innovative approaches used by governments across the OECD to drive and support society-wide gender equality goals. It covers all state institutions, including legislatures and judiciaries, and discusses the challenges faced by OECD countries in achieving long-lasting impact. Finally, the report provides policy guidance for state institutions, supported by examples of what works across the OECD. This report establishes a baseline for monitoring progress, based on the 2015 OECD Recommendation of the Council on Gender Equality in Public Life.
    DOI: 10.1787/g2g9faa5-en
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  • 32
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    Établir de nouvelles données de l'OCDE sur les échanges touristiques en valeur ajoutée (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.)
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur le tourisme no.2019/01
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Providing new OECD evidence on tourism trade in value added
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: La capacité de mesurer les impacts économiques du tourisme fournit aux responsables publics de nouvelles données afin que les politiques futures soient ciblées de manière à atteindre les objectifs stratégiques. Cependant, malgré d’importants travaux sur l’économie du tourisme, notamment sur le Compte satellite du tourisme, une meilleure compréhension de la contribution directe et indirecte du tourisme à la croissance économique et à la compétitivité des pays s’avère nécessaire. Ce rapport analyse les avantages et les inconvénients de l’analyse du tourisme du point de vue des échanges en valeur ajoutée. Il identifie les actions prioritaires pour renforcer la "chaîne de valeur" sous-jacente des statistiques nationales nécessaires à la construction d'analyses du tourisme dans une perspective d’échanges en valeur ajoutée, et définit une feuille de route pour progresser. Il s’appuie sur les travaux plus vastes de l’OCDE sur les échanges en valeur ajoutée (ÉVA) et présente une première tentative pour mieux relier les données du tourisme et les tableaux internationaux des entrées/sorties (ICIO). Les analyses pilotes pour le Canada, le Portugal et le Royaume-Uni y sont présentées.
    DOI: 10.1787/ad21b57d-fr
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  • 33
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    How education systems respond to cultural diversity in schools : New measures in TALIS 2018 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: Teaching in Focus no.25
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Diversité culturelle dans les établissements : Quelles sont les approches qui sont adoptées dans les systèmes d’éducation ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Today’s multicultural learning environments are both a challenge and an opportunity for countries. Education systems not only play a critical role in the integration of students from diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds, but should also aim to have all students value diversity and contribute to the building of a diverse yet inclusive society as global citizens. TALIS 2018 survey questions on diversity are centred on the context of students’ experiences at both the school and classroom level. Therefore, this data is an opportunity to compare teachers’ and schools’ capacities to respond to these objectives, as well as to supplement the body of existing research on student outcomes and achievement. The insights from this data are one-of-a-kind, as they address a critical information gap in educational policy making.
    DOI: 10.1787/1baa285c-en
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    Adverse Outcome Pathway on binding to the picrotoxin site of ionotropic GABA receptors leading to epileptic seizures in adult brain (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Adverse Outcome Pathways no.11
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This AOP begins with the interaction of chemicals to the picrotoxin binding site of the ionotropic GABA receptor complex causing blockage of the ion channel. As a result, decrease in inward chloride conductance occurs, followed by a reduction in postsynaptic inhibition, reflected as reduced frequency and amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic current or abolishment of GABA-induced firing action. Consequently, the resistance of excitatory neurons to fire is decreased, resulting in the generation of a large excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) that causes voltage-gated Na+ to open, which results in action potentials. The depolarisation is followed by a period of hyper-polarisation mediated by Ca2+-dependent K+ channels or GABA-activated Cl− influx, which becomes smaller, gradually disappears, and is replaced by a depolarisation known as “paroxysmal depolarizing shift” (PDS). A PDS is an indication of epilepsy at the cellular level and initiates the adverse outcome at the organismal level of epileptic seizure.
    DOI: 10.1787/9226875e-en
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    La perspectiva de Costa Rica sobre el Apoyo Oficial Total Para el Desarollo Sostenible (TOSSD) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (83 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Costa Rica’s perspective on Total Official Support for Sustainable Development (TOSSD)
    Keywords: Development ; Costa Rica
    Abstract: Este documento de trabajo resume los principales hallazgos y recomendaciones del estudio piloto realizado en Costa Rica como parte del desarrollo del marco de medición del apoyo oficial total al desarrollo sostenible (TOSSD). El documento incluye los flujos estimados de TOSSD a Costa Rica. Estos flujos en 2016 fueron de 559 millones de dólares estadounidenses de financiamiento oficial para el desarrollo y 60 millones de dólares de financiación privada movilizada a través de intervenciones oficiales de desarrollo. Estos flujos se calcularon a partir de las estadísticas CAD de la OCDE. Sin embargo, es probable que las cifras estén subestimadas en gran medida debido a la falta de información disponible, en particular con respecto al apoyo oficial a Costa Rica por parte China y otros países proveedores que no pertenecen al CAD. El estudio piloto también indicó que el gobierno puede acceder, recopilar, analizar y usar datos sobre financiamiento externo para el país utilizando datos nacionales gracias a sus sistemas institucionales y de tecnologías de la información. Sin embargo, el marco legislativo requiere ajustes y puede mejorarse la coordinación con el fin de evitar la duplicación de esfuerzos.
    DOI: 10.1787/565460fd-es
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    Guidelines for assessing the quality of internal control systems (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Series Statement: SIGMA Papers no.59
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Lignes directrices pour l’évaluation de la qualité des systèmes de contrôle interne
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Public sector organisations across the world are increasingly using advanced management concepts. One such concept, internal control, is a set of management arrangements designed to achieve an organisation’s objectives on time, to appropriate performance standards, within budget, efficiently, effectively and in compliance with the law. These Guidelines explain in detail how to develop internal control in public sector organisations and how to assess the quality of existing systems. They are intended to guide ministries of finance and public sector managers in EU candidate countries and potential candidates, but could also be used by other administrations interested in assessing or improving their management and control systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/2a38a1d9-en
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  • 37
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    Strength through diversity’s Spotlight Report for Sweden (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.194
    Keywords: Education ; Sweden
    Abstract: Within OECD countries, Sweden has historically welcomed large numbers of migrants, in particular migrants seeking humanitarian protection. Since 2015, this large influx of new arrivals with multiple disadvantages has put a well-developed integration system under great pressure and highlighted a number of challenges for education policy given current institutional frameworks. PISA 2015 shows that immigrant students fare considerably worse than native students in terms of academic and well-being outcomes also after accounting for differences in social-economic background. The OECD has identified four priority areas for Sweden for closing the gap between immigrant and native students: (1) Facilitating the access of immigrants to school choice, (2) Building teaching capacity, (3) Providing language training and (4) Strengthening the management of diversity. The findings in this Spotlight Report are based on existing OECD work in the area of immigrant integration in education, OECD and national data, a questionnaire on the range of policies and practices in Sweden and good practice examples for the integration in the education system in peer-learner countries and regions [Austria, Germany, the Netherlands and North America (Canada and the United States)], which were identified of particular relevance for Sweden. The report also includes policy pointers on what policies and practices Sweden could adopt to respond to the current integration challenges in the four priority areas.
    DOI: 10.1787/059ce467-en
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  • 38
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    Adverse Outcome Pathway on inhibition of Na+/I- symporter (NIS) leads to learning and memory impairment (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Adverse Outcome Pathways no.14
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The thyroid hormones (TH) are essential for brain development, maturation, and function as they regulate the early key developmental processes. Normal human brain development and cognitive function relays on sufficient production of TH during the perinatal period. The function of Na+/I- symporter (NIS) is critical for the physiological production of TH levels in the serum. The present AOP describes causative links between inhibition of NIS function leading to the decreased levels of TH in the blood and consequently in the brain, causing learning and memory deficit in children. Learning and memory depend upon the coordinated action of different brain regions and neurotransmitter systems creating functionally integrated neural networks. Hippocampus and cortex are the most critical brain structures involved in the process of cognitive functions. The function of NIS and its essentiality for TH synthesis is well known across species, however, quantitative information of KERs is limited.
    DOI: 10.1787/7ca86a34-en
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    Measuring distortions in international markets : the aluminium value chain (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 121 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 218
    Keywords: Aluminium ; Wertschöpfung ; Metallmarkt ; Subvention ; Welt ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report builds on the OECD’s longstanding work measuring government support in agriculture, fossil fuels, and fisheries in order to estimate support and related market distortions in the aluminium value chain. Results show that non-market forces, and government support in particular, appear to explain some of the recent increases in aluminium-smelting capacity. While government support is commonly found throughout the aluminium value chain, it is especially heavy in the People’s Republic of China and countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council. Looking across the whole value chain also shows subsidies upstream to confer significant support to downstream activities, such as the production of semi-fabricated products of aluminium. Overall, market distortions appear to be a genuine concern in the aluminium industry, and one that has implications for global competition and the design of trade rules disciplining government support.
    DOI: 10.1787/c82911ab-en
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  • 40
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    The changing landscape of agricultural markets and trade : prospects for future reforms (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 118
    Keywords: Agroindustrie ; Agraraußenhandel ; Landhandel ; Agrarpolitik ; Wertschöpfung ; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Politische Reform ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report synthesises OECD work analysing agricultural policies, markets and trade. It highlights recent developments in agricultural markets and policies and considers how these have changed the source and nature of the gains from multilateral reform, and considers opportunities for further reforms. In large part, gains from further reform come from the opportunities to increase income and jobs through increasing agro-food sector participation in global and domestic value chains. Countries can enhance the overall competitiveness of their agro-food sectors though more open trade policies and reducing the impacts of measures that raise trade costs. This includes reducing distorting domestic support and market access barriers, including to agro-food imports; ensuring that non-tariff measures are appropriate, transparent, and science-based; and reducing barriers to services trade.
    DOI: 10.1787/7dec9074-en
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  • 41
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    How do Europeans differ in their attitudes to immigration? : findings from the European Social Survey 2002/03-2016/17 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 222
    Keywords: Öffentliche Meinung ; Einwanderung ; Flüchtlinge ; Kultursoziologie ; Europa ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Nordic countries such as Sweden, Norway and Finland have been consistently the most favourable to immigration while eastern European countries such as the Czech Republic and Hungary have been the least favourable. Despite their relatively high average levels of support for immigration, however, many countries of western and northern Europe are quite strongly polarized internally along educational and age lines. This can perhaps explain why political divisions over immigration can be so salient in these countries. Comparing results from 2002/03 and 2016/07, one finds that European attitudes were on average quite stable. However, a number of countries became more generous while several others became more negative. On the issue of government policy towards refugees, there was a marked shift in a negative direction after the 2015/16 refugee crisis. Countries such as Austria, Germany, and Sweden which had experienced large inflows of refugees showed particularly large declines in public support for generous government policy towards asylum requests.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/0adf9e55-en
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  • 42
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    Annex - Taxation and the future of work : how tax systems influence choice of employment form (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 127 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Additional Information: Anhang zu Milanez, Anna Taxation and the future of work Paris : OECD Publishing, 2019
    Series Statement: OECD taxation working papers no. 42
    Keywords: Taxation ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This annex details the tax treatment of standard employees and self-employed workers in eight countries: Argentina, Australia, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. The accompanying paper models and discusses the labour income taxation, inclusive of social contributions, of standard employees and then of self-employed workers. The aim is to understand whether countries’ tax systems treat different employment forms differently, before approaching the broader question of whether differential treatment has merit when evaluated against tax design principles.
    DOI: 10.1787/6b20cce5-en
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  • 43
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    Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) and the impact of online sales (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 142
    Keywords: Produkthaftung ; Online-Handel ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Extended producer responsibility or product stewardship is a policy approach that aims to increase waste recovery and recycling. Extended producer responsibility (EPR) systems aim to make producers responsible for the environmental impacts of their products throughout the product chain, from design to the end-of-life phase. This report focuses on free-riding of producers or retailers, which the fast expansion of online sales in recent years has been exacerbating. Online sales are creating new free-riding opportunities as consumers are able to buy more easily from sellers in other countries. These sellers often have no physical, legal entity in the country where the consumer resides, and are not registered with national or local EPR schemes.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/cde28569-en
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  • 44
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    Tracking finance flows towards assessing their consistency with climate objectives : proposed scope, knowns and unknowns (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 146
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Achieving a low-greenhouse gas (GHG) development requires making finance flows consistent with this objective. In order to measure progress to date as well as inform future public action in this area, this paper calls for further efforts to track gross primary investments flows in new infrastructure and equipment and the refurbishment of such assets, as well underlying sources of finance. The proposed scope focuses on tangible fixed assets with a direct and significant impact on GHG emissions.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/82cc3a4c-en
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  • 45
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    Closing gaps in national regulations against IUU fishing (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 120
    Keywords: Fischereipolitik ; Fischereirecht ; Fischereiressourcen ; Ressourcennutzung ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper identifies the progress achieved by individual countries in implementing internationally recognised best policies and practices against illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing since 2005. It aims to inspire and guide governments and all stakeholders in the fisheries sector in how to focus their effort and investment to step up their fight against IUU fishing. The paper builds on a suite of policy indicators that investigate the extent to which countries meet their responsibilities in the most important dimensions of government intervention in relation to IUU fishing. The indicators show considerable improvement in fighting IUU fishing over the last decade, in line with international treaties and voluntary agreements. They also point to the gaps that need to be closed to individually and collectively work towards eliminating IUU fishing.
    DOI: 10.1787/9b86ba08-en
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  • 46
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    Intensifying the fight against IUU fishing at the regional level (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 121
    Keywords: Fischereipolitik ; Fischereirecht ; Fischereiressourcen ; Ressourcennutzung ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Regional fisheries management organisations (RFMOs) are the primary mechanism for co-operation between fishing countries and coastal states to ensure sustainable fishing globally. This paper aims to inspire and guide RFMO secretariats and member countries in how to focus their effort and investment to step up the contribution of RFMOs to the fight against illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. It does so by measuring the extent to which RFMOs apply best practices against IUU fishing and pointing to the remaining gaps. Information gathered from RFMOs’ resolutions and recommendations introducing conservation and management measures (CMMs), other publicly available sources and direct communication with RFMOs’ secretariats was analysed and summarised into five indicators reflecting the most important management tools targeting IUU fishing at the disposal of RFMOs. Indicators show overall progress among RFMOs, but discrepancies remain, suggesting scope for improvement by learning from best performers.
    DOI: 10.1787/b7b9f17d-en
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  • 47
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    Digital opportunities for trade in the agriculture and food sectors (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 122
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Agraraußenhandel ; Landhandel ; Landwirtschaft ; Wertschöpfung ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: How are new opportunities to create and share information shaping the digital transformation of the agriculture and food system, and thus potentially fostering its reorganisation? This report focuses on cross-border trade aspects along the global agriculture and food value chain, and looks at how changes brought about by digital technologies can influence who participates in the value chain, where value added is created, and how value is distributed between actors in the chain. However, it is not only changes in the agriculture and food sector from digital technologies that matters, but also the digital transformation of other actors in the global value chain (GVC) such as support services, logistics and governments. Digital technologies present a potential to reduce trade and transaction costs, including those related to identifying and negotiating a deal, proving compliance with standards and to delivering products across borders quickly and efficiently.
    DOI: 10.1787/91c40e07-en
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  • 48
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    International technology transfer policies (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 222
    Keywords: Technologietransfer ; Außenhandel ; Auslandsinvestition ; Wettbewerb ; Immaterielle Werte ; Innovation ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Concerns are growing about policies and measures that restrict market access with the effect of “forcing” technology transfer. Efforts to target forced technology transfer are complicated by the sometimes blurred line between voluntary and mutually agreed upon technology transfers and that which is perceived to be, or is in fact, compelled. This study presents a discussion of the continuum of measures related to international technology transfer (ITT) and aims to identify those measures that pose the greatest concern over their potential to compel disclosure of commercially valuable and sensitive technology. It then briefly presents information on provisions in international trade and investment agreements that are relevant to ITT. The last section presents the perspective from the private sector in order to better understand how firms engage in technology transfers through research collaboration, licensing, joint ventures, and equity investments. The analysis in this report indicates that involuntary technology transfer is a complex issue, and it aims to provide a way for policy makers to think through the issues, to apply a systematic and analytical approach to assessing which policies are of the greatest concern.
    DOI: 10.1787/7103eabf-en
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  • 49
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    Trade and economic effects of IRC : further empirical evidence from SPS and TBT provisions (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 224
    Keywords: Außenhandel ; Internationale Handelspolitik ; Handelsabkommen ; Gravitationsmodell ; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse ; Welt ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Cutting trade costs, especially those stemming from non-tariff measures, is a growing priority for policy makers. One way to achieve this is for countries to improve their co-operation on regulatory matters. An avenue open to governments is to include provisions related to international regulatory co-operation (IRC) into preferential trade agreements (PTAs). However, there exists little empirical evidence of the benefits of these co-operative mechanisms. This paper provides this evidence, in the context of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) provisions. It measures the effect of IRC mechanisms on trade flows using the latest developments in the gravity literature and the most recent data sources. The work distinguishes between different forms of co-operation implemented between countries within PTAs while also accounting for the level of commitment between partners. The estimation results suggest that PTAs including SPS and TBT measures have a significant and positive effect on trade flows, with the legal enforceability of IRC mechanisms having the strongest and most robust impact on trade flows. This result holds even when WTO-related provisions and dispute settlement procedures are controlled for, implying that binding commitments are important in maximizing post-PTA trade flows. The work shows that transparency and co-operation are significant and robust factors in increasing trade. It also reinforces the view that the impact takes some time to materialise, which is important when evaluating the effectiveness of deep IRC mechanisms.
    DOI: 10.1787/8648b6ca-en
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  • 50
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    A review of “Transition Management” strategies : lessons for advancing the green low-carbon transition (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD green growth papers 2019, 04
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The paper discusses the implications of the low-carbon transition for workers and the relevant lessons-learnt in previous industrial restructuring experiences. The evidence suggests that, while climate policies are likely to have a modest impact on aggregate employment, workers in certain regions and industries can be more severely affected. The transition may also have gender-differentiated impacts: men represent the largest share of the workforce of most negatively affected industries (e.g. coal-mining) while the growth of the renewable power generation sector, which exhibits a relatively more gender-balanced workforce, suggests that female employment may increase in the traditionally male-dominated energy sector. Lessons from the case-studies underline that a suite of polices is necessary to manage the structural adjustment process, including structural reforms and skills policies. Importantly, the low-carbon transition differentiates itself from previous restructuring experiences because of its policy-driven nature and the possibility to finance structural adjustment measures through carbon-pricing revenues.
    DOI: 10.1787/4617a02b-en
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  • 51
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    Local entrepreneurship ecosystems and emerging industries : case study of Malopolskie, Poland (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 114 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers no. 2019, 03
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2019/03
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Poland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report examines the local entrepreneurship ecosystem of the Malopolskie region in Poland and its capacity to promote productivity upgrading and industrial renewal. It forms part of the OECD’s work stream on local entrepreneurship ecosystems and emerging industries.
    DOI: 10.1787/d99ba985-en
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  • 52
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    China's grains policy : impacts of alternative reform options (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 129
    Keywords: Getreidepolitik ; Politische Reform ; Partielles Gleichgewicht ; China ; Agriculture and Food ; China, People’s Republic ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Reforming China’s grain policy could have significant implications for both domestic and international markets. China has begun to reform its price support policies for several commodities, replacing them with commodity specific area payments. The assessment of policy reform scenarios for grains, using two partial equilibrium models, show that China would maintain more than 80% of self-sufficiency in wheat and maize, and more than 95% in rice. The increase in its grain imports could increase international prices, in particular for wheat and rice. A gradual approach to reforming market price support with compensatory payments would smooth the potential impacts on domestic and world commodity markets, as well as on domestic farm income. While the reform of price support policies benefit consumers the most, more decoupled area payments could also have a greater impact on farm income without increasing the overall cost to society as well as environmental performance of agriculture. Lower costs of managing public grain stocks would equally reduce the budgetary cost of reforms.
    DOI: 10.1787/aed5174b-en
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  • 53
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    Antimicrobial use, resistance and economic benefits and costs to livestock producers in Brazil (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 135
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Brazil ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Brazil is one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of meat and animal products. This report compiles information and data on antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in food-producing animals in Brazil. Antimicrobials are used in food producing animals, mainly as a growth promoter. While the use of antibiotics is estimated to be falling, there is concern amongst livestock producers as to the possible rise in production costs resulting from the withdrawal of these antibiotics, and they are currently exploring alternative interventions and their likely economic impact on their incomes. Recent regulatory and policy changes, including the implementation of the National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance in Agriculture, are aimed at limiting the use of antibiotics in livestock production and containing the rise in antimicrobial resistance.
    DOI: 10.1787/27137b1e-en
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  • 54
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    Antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in food-producing animals in China (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 134
    Keywords: Tierhaltung ; Antibiotika ; China ; Agriculture and Food ; China, People’s Republic ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The People’s Republic of China is an important player in international markets for animal products, antibiotics, as well as in global efforts to combat antibiotic resistance (AMR). This paper reviews use of antibiotics and the emergence of AMR in Chinese food animal production. The rapid growth in food, animal production, and the relatively poor animal production conditions as well as increasing production intensity led to a sharp increase in antibiotic use in both absolute and relative terms. This trend, however, has been reversed by recent government policies and public awareness of AMR. Four government policies are particularly important in attempting to decrease the use of antibiotics: the imposition of maximum residue levels, establishing a list of permitted antibiotics, the proper use of antibiotics during the withdrawal period, and establishing a list of prescription-only antibiotics use in animal production. Antibiotic use in China is more than five times higher than the international average. One of the main reasons for the relative higher antibiotic usage is the widespread misuse associated with growth promotion in the feed and veterinary use on broiler and pig farms. The relatively low cost of antibiotics, estimated at 1% to 3% of production costs, encourages such excess use in livestock production, but alternatives are often not available and more costly. This paper recommends a mix of economic and regulatory approaches to control the overuse of antibiotics in livestock production and limit the rise in antimicrobial resistance.
    DOI: 10.1787/4adba8c1-en
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  • 55
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    OECD-Berichte zur Regionalentwicklung : Metropolregion Hamburg, Deutschland (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264397569 , 9789264969414 , 9789264478749
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 201 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Keywords: Stadtwachstum ; Stadtentwicklung ; Ballungsraum ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionales Wachstum ; Hamburg ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Germany ; Graue Literatur ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: Die Metropolregion Hamburg (MRH) ist mit etwa 8% der Landesfläche die zweitgrößte Metropolregion in Deutschland. Der erste OECD-Bericht zur Regionalentwicklung, der sich mit Deutschland befasst, untersucht die MRH unter dem Blickwinkel ihrer Wettbewerbs- und Innovationsfähigkeit sowie einer nachhaltigen Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung.
    DOI: 10.1787/6843d6f0-de
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  • 56
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    Regional integration in border cities (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: West African papers no. 20 (April 2019)
    Series Statement: West African papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report, part of the “Cities” collection, highlights the contribution of border towns to the process of regional integration in West Africa. For 18 countries, six indicators are used to identify the specificities of border towns at the local, national and international levels: demography, urban morphology, formal enterprises, health infrastructure, road accessibility, border control posts. These indicators are analysed from the perspective of three geographical scales of regional integration (density, distance and division). The report details the economic and institutional obstacles facing border towns. It concludes with place-based political options to facilitate the economic and political development of West African border towns. Also in this Collection: “Population and Morphology of Border Cities”, No. 21 “Businesses and Health in Border Cities”, No. 22 “Accessibility and Infrastructure in Border Cities”, No. 23
    DOI: 10.1787/f41ef7ab-en
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  • 57
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    Fostering participation in digital trade for ASEAN MSMEs (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 240 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 230
    Keywords: Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides a broad overview of some of the issues that digital trade raises for ASEAN countries and its MSMEs, including new opportunities that digitalisation presents for ASEAN firms to increase trade. However, it shows that adoption of relatively simple digital tools, such as webpages, remains relatively low, constraining the ability of ASEAN SMEs to engage in trade as exporters and importers. The paper argues that, to benefit from digital trade, policy makers need to consider issues related to accessing digital networks jointly with a range of old and new trade issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/63561b11-en
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  • 58
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    Participation and benefits of SMEs in GVCs in Southeast Asia (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 120 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 231
    Keywords: Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Although global value chain (GVCs) participation in Southeast Asia has been growing, little is known about whether the benefits from participation are accruing to larger firms or if small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), which make up the majority of companies and employ the bulk of the domestic workforce, are also able to take advantage of the new opportunities on offer. This paper uses detailed firm level data from Southeast Asian countries to split the OECD Trade in Value Added database and map how SMEs have been participating in GVCs. It then identifies the benefits associated with this participation and looks into the policy levers that can help make GVC participation in the region more inclusive. It suggest that policy makers focus on: i) reducing trade costs that hit SMEs hardest; including tariffs, trade agreements and trade facilitation; ii) creating an enabling environment to promote domestic linkages so that SMEs can create partnerships with larger firms and multinationals to export indirectly; and iii) reducing non-tariff measures that are especially onerous for SMEs through wider ASEAN regulatory harmonisation and adopting more flexible rules of origin.
    DOI: 10.1787/3f5f2618-en
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  • 59
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    OECD-Leitfaden für die Erfüllung der Sorgfaltspflicht zur Förderung verantwortungsvoller Lieferketten für Minerale aus Konflikt- und Hochrisikogebieten (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264840249
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (129 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Edition: Dritte Ausgabe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Publishing OECD-Leitfaden für die Erfüllung der Sorgfaltspflicht zur konstruktiven Stakeholderbeteiligung im Rohstoffsektor
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Governance ; Development ; Richtlinie ; OECD ; Bergbauindustrie ; Rohstoffpolitik ; Rohstoffwirtschaft ; Bewaffneter Konflikt ; Ressourcenmanagement ; Rohstoffgewinnung ; Mineralischer Rohstoff ; Supply Chain Management ; Wirtschaftsethik ; Zertifizierung ; Bergbau
    Abstract: Der Handel mit mineralischen Rohstoffen sowie Investitionen in diese Ressourcen bieten ein großes Potenzial zur Generierung von Einkommen, Wachstum und Wohlstand, zur Existenzsicherung und lokalen Entwicklungsförderung. Allerdings finden sich diese Bodenschätze zu weiten Teilen in Konflikt- und Hochrisikogebieten, wo sie in großem Umfang abgebaut werden. Dies kann direkt oder indirekt zu bewaffneten Konflikten und schweren Menschenrechtsverletzungen führen und die wirtschaftliche und soziale Entwicklung beeinträchtigen. Der OECD-Leitfaden für die Erfüllung der Sorgfaltspflicht zur Förderung verantwortungsvoller Lieferketten für Minerale aus Konflikt- und Hochrisikogebieten enthält offiziell unterstützte Empfehlungen, mit denen Firmen Schritt für Schritt zu einem verantwortungsvollen globalen Lieferkettenmanagement für alle Mineralien angeleitet werden, damit sie die Menschenrechte achten und durch ihre Entscheidungen und Praktiken beim Einkauf von Mineralien oder Metallen keinen Beitrag zu Konflikten leisten. Dieser Leitfaden kann von allen Unternehmen angewandt werden, die Mineralien oder Metalle jedweder Art aus Konflikt- bzw. Hochrisikogebieten beziehen könnten. Ziel ist die Schaffung transparenter, konfliktfreier Lieferketten und ein nachhaltiges unternehmerisches Engagement im Bereich der mineralischen Rohstoffe.
    Note: Volltext: PDF , Gesehen am 06.02.2020
    DOI: 10.1787/3d21faa0-de
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    SIGI 2019 Regional Report for Eurasia (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264574113
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Social Institutions and Gender Index
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als SIGI 2019 Regional Report for Eurasia
    Keywords: Sozialer Indikator ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Soziale Norm ; Institutionenökonomik ; Eurasien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: Over the past decade, the Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) has consistently shown that governments need to look at discriminatory laws, social norms and practices to achieve gender equality and promote women’s empowerment. This 2019 regional report provides an overview of the main outcomes of the SIGI in 12 Eurasian countries in relation to women and the family, their physical integrity, access to productive and financial resources and their civic rights, as well as the economic cost they represent. Building on these outcomes, the report provides a set of tailored regional policy recommendations to enhance Eurasia's governmental efforts to deliver their gender-equality commitments through a three-pronged approach: legal reforms and transformative gender policies, laws through community mobilisation and empowerment, and policy efficiency through accountability and monitoring.
    DOI: 10.1787/f6dfa21d-en
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  • 61
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    OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Greece 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264311893 , 9789264312746 , 9789264312739
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Griechenland ; Development ; Greece ; Griechenland ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: The OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts of DAC members. The policies and programmes of each DAC member are critically examined approximately once every five years. DAC peer reviews assess the performance of a given member, not just that of its development co-operation agency, and examine both policy and implementation. They take an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review. Since its last peer review, a severe economic recession brought about significant cuts to Greece’s national budget – including official development assistance. However, Greece has maintained its commitment to development co-operation. In response to the refugee and migration crisis Greece mobilised resources and its population to provide significant support to asylum seekers and refugees, and adapted its domestic policies to create conditions for peaceful co-existence between refugees, asylum seekers and the Greek population. As the economy recovers and Greece considers stepping up its development co-operation, this review recommends a number of steps that the government might take including building a new vision for development co-operation and putting in place the structures and systems to achieve it.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311893-en
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  • 62
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    OECD Territorial Reviews: Hidalgo, Mexico (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264310414 , 9789264310391 , 9789264310407
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (312 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD territorial reviews
    Keywords: Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik ; Regionales Wachstum ; Hidalgo (Staat) ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Mexico ; Staat Hidalgo ; Regionale Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: Hidalgo is one of the smallest states in Mexico. It benefits from its close proximity to Mexico City and contains a number of economic and environmental assets in its territory. After a long period of economic stagnation, the state is now closing up the gap with national standards. Yet, productivity and income levels remain low with respect to national levels, and there exist high socio-economic disparities between the south of the state and the municipalities in the northern and mountainous area. This review looks at how the state of Hidalgo is seeking to boost its economy, particularly through a series of institutional reforms and policies to improve the business environment. It highlights opportunities to accelerate the economic convergence and transit towards high-value added economic sectors. The review also identifies a number of recommendations to promote inclusive growth and reduce its north-south divide and offers suggestions to address governance challenges in the territory.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264310391-en
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  • 63
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    Estudio de la OCDE sobre Integridad en Argentina : Lograr un cambio sistémico y sostenido (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264308022 , 9789264908314 , 9789264336186
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (316 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Estudios de la OCDE sobre Gobernanza Pública
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Integrity Review of Argentina: Achieving Systemic and Sustained Change
    Keywords: Governance ; Argentina
    Abstract: El Estudio de la OCDE sobre Integridad en Argentina evalúa los esfuerzos recientes para transformar las iniciativas aisladas del marco de integridad argentino en un sistema de integridad coherente y que abarque a la sociedad en su conjunto. Dicho estudio presenta propuestas de acción concretas parte de una estrategia de integridad que sustente las reformas actuales. Asimismo, provee algunas ideas sobre cómo operacionalizar un enfoque de administración de riesgos de corrupción y mejorar la función de auditoría en el gobierno. Finalmente, en el documento se evalúa el proceso de toma de decisiones y se brindan opciones para incrementar su transparencia e integridad, en miras a lograr políticas sujetas a rendición de cuentas y más equitativas.
    DOI: 10.1787/g2g98f15-es
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  • 64
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    Examens environnementaux de l’OCDE : Turquie 2019 (Version abrégée) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264859814
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (51 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Çevresel Performans İncelemeleri: Türkiye 2019
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Turkey 2019
    Keywords: Environment ; Turkey
    Abstract: La Turquie est l’économie de l’OCDE qui affiche la plus forte croissance et voit ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre progresser rapidement. Depuis 2008, ses émissions atmosphériques, sa consommation d’énergie et d’eau et sa production de déchets ont été découplées en termes relatifs de la croissance économique. Ces pressions environnementales continueront néanmoins d’augmenter dans l’absolu en raison de la forte intensité d’utilisation de ressources de l’économie et de sa dépendance à l’égard des énergies fossiles. Pour améliorer ses performances environnementales, le pays devra réaliser des progrès plus importants dans la transition vers une économie circulaire et peu émettrice de carbone. Ceci est le troisième Examen environnemental de la Turquie. Il évalue les avancées du pays en matière de développement durable et de croissance verte, et comporte des chapitres spéciaux consacrés au changement climatique et à la gestion des eaux usées urbaines. Cette version abrégée contient le résumé, ainsi que l’évaluation et les recommandations officielles du rapport, issues des trois chapitres sur les tendances et développements récents, la gouvernance, la croissance verte, ainsi que des deux chapitres détaillés sur le changement climatique et la gestion des eaux usées urbaines. La version intégrale du rapport est disponible en anglais sur le site de l’OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/405578df-fr
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    Pratiques Fiscales Dommageables - Rapport d'étape de 2018 sur les régimes préférentiels : Cadre inclusif sur le BEPS : Action 5 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264407244 , 9789264311503 , 9789264523104
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Projet OCDE/G20 sur l'érosion de la base d'imposition et le transfert de bénéfices
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Harmful Tax Practices - 2018 Progress Report on Preferential Regimes: Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 5
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Le Rapport sur l’Action 5 établit l’un des quatre standards minimums prévus par le projet BEPS que tous les membres du Cadre inclusif se sont engagés à mettre en œuvre. Un aspect du standard minimum défini par l’Action 5 se rapporte au processus d’examen par les pairs des régimes fiscaux préférentiels afin d’identifier les caractéristiques de ces régimes qui peuvent faciliter l'érosion de la base et le transfert de bénéfices et peuvent donc avoir une incidence défavorable sur l'assiette fiscale d'autres juridictions. Ce rapport d'étape constitue une mise à jour du rapport de 2015 sur l’Action 5 du BEPS et du Rapport d'étape de 2017. Il contient les résultats de l'examen de tous les régimes fiscaux préférentiels des membres du Cadre inclusif sur le BEPS qui ont été identifiés depuis le projet BEPS. Les résultats présentés sont ceux en date du mois de janvier de 2019. En outre, le Cadre inclusif a approuvé une nouvelle norme rétablissant l'obligation d'activités substantielles pour les juridictions qui ne prélèvent pas d’impôt ou qu’un impôt insignifiant. Ce rapport décrit en détail cette nouvelle norme ainsi que les autres initiatives engagées en vue de compléter ou de réviser le cadre applicable aux pratiques fiscales dommageables. Enfin, il présente les prochaines étapes des travaux consacrés aux pratiques fiscales dommageables.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311503-fr
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  • 66
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: The Netherlands 2019 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264729407
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: The Netherlands 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Niederlande ; Taxation ; Netherlands ; Niederlande ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuer ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of the Netherlands.
    DOI: 10.1787/fdce8e7f-en
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  • 67
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    The Future of Mexican Higher Education : Promoting Quality and Equity (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264309371 , 9789264312807 , 9789264312791
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The future of Mexican higher education
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Hochschulpolitik ; Mexiko ; Education ; Mexico
    Abstract: This review of higher education policy in Mexico was requested by the Mexican Ministry of Education to take stock of progress since the last OECD review of the higher education system in Mexico, published in 2008, and to support development of the new government’s National Development Plan and Sectoral Education Programme. The report examines the state of the higher education sector in Mexico and analyses key policies implemented by the federal and state governments. It assesses national governance and co-operation structures that help to guide the higher education system, and the relevance of existing national strategies. It also looks at public funding of higher education institutions, how the quality of higher education programmes is assured; and the extent to which the higher education system contributes to equity. The report concludes by exploring two key sectors of higher education: teacher education colleges and professional and technical institutions. A companion volume focusing on the labour market relevance and outcomes of higher education is also available: Higher Education in Mexico: Labour Market Relevance and Outcomes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264309371-en
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  • 68
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Spain 2019 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264745322
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Spain 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Spanien ; Taxation ; Spain ; Spanien ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuer ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Spain.
    DOI: 10.1787/997a7b23-en
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  • 69
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    Good Governance for Critical Infrastructure Resilience (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264591134 , 9789264410503 , 9789264988521
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Good governance for critical infrastructure resilience
    Keywords: Infrastrukturpolitik ; Good Governance ; Risikomanagement ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Critical infrastructures are the backbone of modern, interconnected economies. The disruption of key systems and essential services - such as telecommunications, energy or water supply, transportation or finance - can cause substantial economic damage. This report looks at how to boost critical infrastructure resilience in a dynamic risk landscape, and discusses policy options and governance models to promote up-front resilience investments. Based on an international survey, the report analyses the progressive shift of critical infrastructure policies from asset protection to system resilience. The findings are reflected in a proposed Policy Toolkit for the Governance of Critical Infrastructure Resilience, which can guide governments in taking a more coherent, preventive approach to protecting and sustaining essential services.
    DOI: 10.1787/02f0e5a0-en
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    Regulatory Policy in Argentina : Tools and Practices for Regulatory Improvement (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264950627 , 9789264172845 , 9789264685253
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estudio de Política Regulatoria en Argentina : Herramientas y prácticas para la mejora regulatoria
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Regulatory policy in Argentina
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Argentinien ; Governance ; Argentina ; Argentinien ; Marktpolitik ; Regulierung
    Abstract: Argentina has embarked in a series of regulatory reforms to improve the quality of its regulatory framework. High-quality regulations can protect consumers and the environment without becoming burdensome for citizens and businesses. The OECD Review of Regulatory Policy in Argentina provides information on the policies, institutions, and tools employed by the Argentinian government to design, implement and enforce high-quality regulations. These include administrative simplification policies, ex ante and ex post evaluation of regulations, stakeholder engagement practices, and multi-level regulatory governance arrangements. The review offers policy recommendations based on best international practices to strengthen the government’s capacity to manage regulatory policy.
    DOI: 10.1787/d835e540-en
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  • 71
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    Beyond Proficiency : Using Log Files to Understand Respondent Behaviour in the Survey of Adult Skills (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264802803 , 9789264596498 , 9789264409392
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Beyond proficiency
    Keywords: Bildungsforschung ; Qualifikation ; Erwachsene ; Statistische Methode ; Education
    Abstract: Computer-based administration of large-scale assessments makes it possible to collect a rich set of information on test takers, through analysis of the log files recording interactions between the computer interface and the server. This report examines timing and engagement indicators from the Survey of Adult Skills, a product of the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), both of which indicate large differences across countries and socio-demographic groups, in the amount of time spent by respondents and their levels of disengagement, which reduce the probability of giving a correct answer and consequently reduces measured performance. Such insights can help policy makers, researchers and educators to better understand respondents’ cognitive strategies and the underlying causes of low and high performance. This, in turn, can help improve the design of assessments and lead to more effective training and learning programmes.
    DOI: 10.1787/0b1414ed-en
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  • 72
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    Open Government in Biscay (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264752641 , 9789264939561 , 9789264868410
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Open government in Biscay
    Keywords: E-Government ; Baskenland ; Governance ; Spain ; Vizcaya ; Regierung ; Good Governance
    Abstract: The Review analyses the open government agenda of the Province of Biscay, based on the 2017 OECD Recommendation of the Council on Open Government. It assesses Biscay’s initiatives regarding transparency, accountability and stakeholder participation and how they impact the quality of public service delivery. This review also evaluates Biscay’s institutional, legal and policy frameworks for the implementation of these initiatives, focusing on the creation of a sound monitoring and evaluation system. The report includes recommendations to foster a public governance culture that empowers all stakeholders to actively participate throughout the entire policy cycle. This is the first OECD Open Government Review carried out in a subnational government of an OECD member country.
    DOI: 10.1787/e4e1a40c-en
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  • 73
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    OECD Territorial Reviews: Småland-Blekinge 2019 : Monitoring Progress and Special Focus on Migrant Integration (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264312166 , 9789264312173 , 9789264311640
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD territorial reviews
    Keywords: Regionalpolitik ; Migranten ; Soziale Integration ; Smaland ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Sweden
    Abstract: Following on from the 2012 Territorial Review of Småland Blekinge, this Monitoring Review assesses the main regional policy changes since 2012 and the extent to which the recommendations have been implemented. It gives full consideration to the changing context in the region, with improved economic performance, new administrative configurations and an influx of migrants spurring population growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311640-en
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  • 74
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    Innovation, Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability in Japan (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264426924 , 9789264571235 , 9789264936621
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation, agricultural productivity and sustainability in Japan
    Keywords: Agrarproduktion ; Produktivität ; Agrartechnik ; Innovation ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Ökologischer Landbau ; Japan ; Agriculture and Food ; Industry and Services ; Japan ; Japan ; Landwirtschaft ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Innovation ; Produktivität
    Abstract: In Japan, agriculture has been treated differently from other parts of the national economy. However, policy needs to evolve with new agricultural structures and the global trend towards more integrated value chains, enabling innovation and entrepreneurship in agriculture, and imposing a greater environmental responsibility on producers. Modern agriculture is a technology- and data-intensive industry, and Japan is well-positioned to introduce its competitive technology and skills to agriculture through building more collaborative agricultural innovation system.
    DOI: 10.1787/92b8dff7-en
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  • 75
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    Impulsando el desempeño del Organismo Supervisor de la Inversión en Energía y Minería de Perú (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264723627 , 9789264933101 , 9789264310827
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Gobernanza de reguladores
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Driving Performance at Peru's Energy and Mining Regulator
    Keywords: Energy ; Governance ; Peru
    Abstract: Como "árbitros de mercado", los órganismos reguladores contribuyen a la prestación de servicios públicos esenciales. Su cultura organizacional, comportamiento y gobernanza son factores importantes para determinar su desempeño y el de los sectores regulados. El Marco para la Evaluación del Desempeño de los Reguladores Económicos de la OCDE (PAFER, por sus siglas en inglés), evalúa las instituciones, procesos y prácticas que pueden crear una cultura organizacional de desempeño y resultados. Este informe aplica el PAFER para examinar elementos relacionados con la gobernanza interna y externa del Organismo Supervisor de la Inversión en Energía y Minería (Osinergmin). El informe identifica los logros y buenas prácticas del regulador desde su creación. Asimismo, analiza los factores clave del desempeño de Osinergmin y propone una reforme integral para ayudar al regulador a prepararse para el futuro.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264310827-es
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    Strengthening SMEs and Entrepreneurship for Productivity and Inclusive Growth : OECD 2018 Ministerial Conference on SMEs (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264790476 , 9789264865747 , 9789264638860
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Ministerial Conference on SMEs (3. : 2018 : Mexiko, Stadt) Strengthening SMEs and entrepreneurship for productivity and inclusive growth
    Keywords: KMU ; Entrepreneurship ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Gründungsförderung ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Konferenzschrift 2018 ; OECD ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; Mittelstandsförderung
    Abstract: SMEs that grow have a considerable positive impact on employment creation, innovation, productivity growth and competitiveness. Digital technologies and global value chains offer new opportunities for SMEs to participate in the global economy, innovate and strengthen productivity. Yet SMEs are lagging behind in the digital transition and are disproportionately affected by market failures, trade barriers, policy inefficiencies and the quality of institutions. A cross-cutting approach to SME policy can enhance SME innovation and scale-up, as well as their contributions to inclusive growth. This includes a business environment conducive to risk-taking and experimentation by entrepreneurs, as well as access to entrepreneurship competencies, management and workforce skills, technology, innovation, and networks.
    DOI: 10.1787/c19b6f97-en
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    Water Governance in Argentina (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264772632 , 9789264860896 , 9789264359505
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (228 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gobernanza del Agua en Argentina
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Water governance in Argentina
    Keywords: Wasserpolitik ; Argentinien ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Argentina ; Argentinien ; Wasserversorgung
    Abstract: Ensuring long-term water security is essential in the pathway towards sustainable development in Argentina. Floods cause 60% of all critical events in the country and are responsible for 95% of economic losses. Severe droughts, in a country where the agricultural sector accounts for 6.4% of GDP as compared to a global average of 3.6%, have a strong impact in the economy. The country is also home to some of the most polluted basins worldwide. Furthermore, climate change will likely shift further water availability, uses and demand. The report is the result of a policy dialogue with more than 200 stakeholders at different levels in Argentina. It assesses water governance in Argentina, identifies several key challenges to effective, efficient and inclusive water policies, and provides a set of policy recommendations to enhance water governance as a means to address relevant societal challenges, both within the scope of water management and beyond. In particular, ways forward for Argentina include strengthening the co-ordination between national and provincial water policies, setting up a multilevel water planning and investment framework, improving basin management practices, and enhancing economic regulation for water services.
    DOI: 10.1787/bc9ccbf6-en
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    Applying the OECD Principles on Water Governance to Floods : A Checklist for Action (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264355637 , 9789264553392 , 9789264543676
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Applying the OECD principles on water governance to floods
    Keywords: Überschwemmung ; Wasserpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Überschwemmung ; Wasserversorgung ; Politik
    Abstract: This report uses the OECD Principles on Water Governance as a tool for multi-stakeholder policy dialogue and practical assessment of the performance of flood governance systems. It applies the Principles to flood-prone contexts to help strengthen governance frameworks for managing the risks of “too much” water. By 2050, 1.6 billion people will be at risk of flooding, affecting nearly 20% of the world’s population at an increasing rate and many times over with dire social, economic and environmental consequences. In this report, a checklist is proposed as a self-assessment tool for stakeholders in flood management, based on lessons learned from 27 case studies that feature practical experiences and highlight common features and key challenges in flood governance.
    DOI: 10.1787/d5098392-en
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Denmark 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264537156 , 9789264857001 , 9789264363694
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens environnementaux de l’OCDE : Danemark 2019 (Version abrégée)
    Keywords: Environment ; Denmark
    Abstract: Denmark's energy and carbon intensities are among the lowest in the OECD area. Green taxation as a share of GDP is the highest in the OECD, and the country is a leader in eco-innovation. Denmark has also achieved impressive results in the material recovery of most waste streams and reached a political agreement to move to a circular economy. It is an international standard setter for chemical risk assessment. However, municipal waste generation remains the highest in the OECD area. Many bodies of water do not reach good ecological status. Levels of exposure to fine particles remain above international standards. Terrestrial biodiversity suffers from the lack of well-connected protected areas. Further steps will need to be taken to achieve the stated goal of a climate neutral economy by 2050. This is the third Environmental Performance Review of Denmark. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with special features on waste, materials management and the circular economy and chemicals management.
    DOI: 10.1787/1eeec492-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Netherlands (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264733527
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (97 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: The Netherlands (stage 2)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Niederlande ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Netherlands ; G-20-Staaten ; Niederlande ; Internationales Steuerrecht
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by the Netherlands, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices which can be accessed on the OECD website.
    DOI: 10.1787/cce92832-en
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  • 81
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    Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries: Morocco 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264668010
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Morocco
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its association countries, a process that supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. This report on Morocco discusses the advancements made as well as the challenges faced by the country’s ambitious domestic energy transition pathway to 2030. With an impressive track record in solar technologies, Morocco is leading the deployment of renewable energy in North Africa. Further progress, however, can be made in commercial or industrial applications that continue to rely on fossil fuel imports. Although successful in providing electricity access to its rising population, Morocco also faces the challenging task of keeping energy demand in check. In this report, the IEA provides recommendations for how to strengthen Morocco’s energy efficiency policies to help the country continue to transform its energy sectors in order to meet the renewable energy and energy efficiency targets.
    DOI: 10.1787/10f93028-en
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  • 82
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Brazil (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264881358
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Brazil (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Brasilien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Brazil ; Brasilien ; G-20-Staaten ; Internationales Steuerrecht
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Brazil.
    DOI: 10.1787/12acb5ea-en
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  • 83
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Bulgaria (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264700109
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Bulgaria (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Bulgarien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Bulgaria.
    DOI: 10.1787/30ffa4a6-en
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  • 84
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Chile (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264810389
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Chile (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Chile ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Chile ; Chile ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Steuervermeidung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Chile.
    DOI: 10.1787/43add6b6-en
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    Skills Matter : Additional Results from the Survey of Adult Skills (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264332829 , 9789264799004 , 9789264811072
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Skills matter
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Arbeitskräfte ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Algeria ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Cyprus ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Ecuador ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Indonesia ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Kazakhstan ; Korea, Republic of ; Lithuania ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Peru ; Poland ; Russian Federation ; Singapore ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Turkey ; United Kingdom ; United States ; OECD ; Arbeitnehmer ; Berufliche Qualifikation
    Abstract: In the wake of the technological revolution that began in the last decades of the 20th century, labour-market demand for information-processing and other high-level cognitive and interpersonal skills have been growing substantially. Based on the results from the 33 countries and regions that participated in the 1st and 2nd round of the Survey of Adult Skills in 2011-12 and in 2014-15, this report describes adults’ proficiency in three information-processing skills, and examines how proficiency is related to labour-market and social outcomes. It also places special emphasis on the results from the 3rd and final round of the first cycle of PIAAC in 2017-18, which included 6 countries (Ecuador, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Peru and the United States). The Survey of Adult Skills, a product of the OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), was designed to provide insights into the availability of some of these key skills in society and how they are used at work and at home. The first survey of its kind, it directly measures proficiency in three information-processing skills: literacy, numeracy and problem-solving in technology-rich environments.
    DOI: 10.1787/1f029d8f-en
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    Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory (RK&M) Across Generations : Developing a Key Information File for a Radioactive Waste Repository (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264603202
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Radioactive waste repositories are designed to be intrinsically safe in that they are not dependent on the presence or intervention of humans. In response to this challenge, the Nuclear Energy Agency initiated the Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory (RK&M) Across Generations Initiative, calling on the international community to help create specific means to preserve RK&M. The concept of a key information file (KIF) emerged in response to the challenge presented by the large volumes of RK&M material generated by national disposal programmes. This concept has been developed into an important component of a RK&M preservation strategy. The KIF is designed to be a single, short document, produced in a standard format, with the aim of allowing society to understand the nature and intent of a repository, and thus to reduce the likelihood of unnecessary human intrusion. It should be made openly available and ultimately be widely distributed. This report describes the KIF concept in detail, in a manner that should enable those concerned with any particular repository to create their own versions. Three draft key information files, currently under development to support RK&M preservation in France, Sweden and the United States, are provided as examples.
    DOI: 10.1787/89f089d5-en
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    Assessing regulatory changes in the transport sector : summary and conclusions (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264874862
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: ITF roundtable reports no. 180
    Keywords: Verkehrspolitik ; Regulierung ; Welt ; Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report outlines good practice for regulatory impact assessment (RIA) in transport. It describes the rationale and the benefits of RIA frameworks and offers guidance for the practical implemention of RIA in the transport sector. The report also contains recommendations for governments seeking to implement RIA within their jurisdictions.
    DOI: 10.1787/51b1178c-en
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  • 88
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    OECD Mining Regions and Cities Case Study : Outokumpu and North Karelia, Finland (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264920583 , 9789264826151
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD mining regions and cities case study
    Keywords: Bergbau ; Regionalentwicklung ; Stadtentwicklung ; Outokumpu ; Karelien ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Finland ; Nordkarelien ; Bergbaugebiet ; Regionalentwicklung
    Abstract: This report identifies 12 recommendations that can assist the municipality of Outokumpu and the region of North Karelia in Finland to become key players in the national mining strategy and attain sustainable economic growth by: focusing on mobilising the potential of the local mining value chain, diversifying and developing new sources of economic growth, and improving governance co-ordination. It is part of a project that is building a platform for knowledge sharing and co-operation on increasing productivity and enhancing the well-being of cities and regions with a specialisation in the mining and extractive sector (metals, minerals, and energy resources).
    DOI: 10.1787/cd72611b-en
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  • 89
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, India (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264474079
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: India (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Indien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; India ; Indien ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Steuervermeidung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by India.
    DOI: 10.1787/c66636e8-en
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  • 90
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    International Co-operation in Nuclear Data Evaluation : An Extended Summary of the Collaborative International Evaluated Library Organisation (CIELO) Pilot Project (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264427013
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Current knowledge of the nuclear physics of fuels and materials provides an understanding and simulation of the operations of nuclear reactors and other systems, both under ordinary and exceptional circumstances. As part of a broad spectrum of collaborative activities underpinning research in basic nuclear sciences, the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is supporting collaboration between experimentalists, theoreticians and modelling experts to advance the state of the art in nuclear data. This report offers an overview of collective results from 31 institutions in 15 NEA member countries, along with results from technical experts in the People's Republic of China, in the context of the NEA Collaborative International Evaluated Library Organisation (CIELO) Pilot Project. It reviews recent developments resulting from new measurements and semi-empirical models, as well as the validation of the CIELO nuclear data evaluations against suites of systems representing a wide range of current and future nuclear facilities. The CIELO project has delivered new, evaluated data for the isotopes of uranium, plutonium, iron, oxygen and hydrogen, which have been adopted in all nuclear data libraries released since the CIELO project was completed.
    DOI: 10.1787/8428df77-en
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  • 91
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    Cost Benchmarking for Nuclear Power Plant Decommissioning (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264328310
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The nuclear sector has in recent years been placing increasing attention on the need to better understand variations between cost estimates for the decommissioning of nuclear power plants, as well as the relationship between estimated and actual costs, and the apparent escalation of these costs. Building on previous work by the Nuclear Energy Agency, Cost Benchmarking for Nuclear Power Plant Decommissioning examines approaches and methods for the benchmarking of nuclear power plant decommissioning costs. Particular focus is given to identifying key factors, drivers and constraints to implementing cost benchmarking. These factors are addressed from a broad range of perspectives in order to develop a roadmap for implementation that will garner sufficiently broad support from a wide base of interested stakeholders. The report also identifies a number of perceived barriers that may impede the implementation of benchmarking for decommissioning. Co-ordinated efforts and further analysis will be needed to help remove these barriers.
    DOI: 10.1787/acae0e3b-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Latvia (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264717466
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Latvia (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Lettland ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Latvia
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Latvia.
    DOI: 10.1787/b0de32d9-en
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  • 93
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    Résultats du PISA 2018 (Volume I) : Savoirs et savoir-faire des élèves (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264640139
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (370 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe PISA 2018 Results (Volume I): What Students Know and Can Do
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe PISA 2018 Ergebnisse (Band I): Was Schülerinnen und Schüler wissen und können
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Le Programme international de l’OCDE pour le suivi des acquis des élèves (PISA) analyse les connaissances des élèves en compréhension de l’écrit, en mathématiques et en sciences ainsi que leur capacité à utiliser ces connaissances. Cette évaluation internationale des acquis des élèves est à ce jour la plus complète et la plus ri-goureuse qui soit. Les résultats de l’enquête PISA révèlent la qualité et l’équité de l’apprentissage à travers le monde, et donnent aux professionnels de l’éducation et aux responsables politiques la possibilité de découvrir les politiques et pratiques d’autres pays et de s’en inspirer. Ce volume est le premier des six qui présentent les résultats de l’évaluation PISA de 2018, la septième édition de cette enquête triennale. Le Volume I, Savoirs et savoir-faire des élèves, examine de manière approfondie la performance des élèves en compréhension de l’écrit, en mathématiques et en sciences, et décrit l’évolution de leur performance depuis les évaluations PISA précédentes.
    DOI: 10.1787/ec30bc50-fr
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    Le gouvernement ouvert à Salé au Maroc (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264373983 , 9789264420137 , 9789264864245
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance publique
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Open Government in Salé, Morocco
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Ce rapport analyse les cadres juridiques et institutionnels, les politiques publiques et les pratiques en matière de gouvernement ouvert de la commune de Salé au Maroc. Dans le contexte d'un nouveau cadre juridique pour les collectivités territoriales adopté en 2015, il contient des recommandations susceptibles d’aider la commune de Salé à adopter une approche plus stratégique et cohérente en matière des initiatives du gouvernement ouvert et pour établir de nouveaux mécanismes de participation, de transparence et de responsabilité.
    DOI: 10.1787/dbb8859a-fr
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    OECD Reviews of Pension Systems: Peru (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264865600 , 9789264608719 , 9789264935952
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Pension Systems
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of pensions systems
    Keywords: Altersvorsorge ; Lettland ; Peru ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Peru ; Peru ; Altersversorgung
    Abstract: This review assesses Peru’s pension system in its entirety, looking at both public and private, pay-as-you-go (PAYG) financed and funded pension provisions. The review then provides policy options to help tackle old-age poverty; establish a solid framework for the contributory pension system to meet its objectives; improve the coverage and level of pensions; and optimise the design and improve the regulation of the funded private pension component. A further goal of these proposals is to improve the Peruvian population’s trust that the country’s pension system will be able to deliver secure retirement income in old age. The review is the fifth in a series of country reviews of pension systems [Ireland (2014), Mexico (2016), Latvia (2018), and Portugal (2019)]. These reviews provide countries with policy options that will help them improve the functioning of their overall pension system. Tailored policy options are proposed based on the specificities of the national pension system, and on international best practices regarding reforms, design and regulation of pension systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/e80b4071-en
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  • 96
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    Test No. 248: Xenopus Eleutheroembryonic Thyroid Assay (XETA) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264916784
    Language: English
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Essai no. 248 : Essai Thyroïdien sur Éleuthéro-Embryons de Xénope (XETA)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of the test is to measure the capacity of a chemical to activate or inhibit the transcription of a genetic construct (THb/ZIP-GFP X. laevis eleutheroembryos) either by binding to the thyroid hormone receptor or by modifying the amount of thyroid hormone available for transcription. The test is based on the use of a transgenic frog (possessing the genetic construction THb/ZIP-GFP) of the species X. laevis. GFP is a fluorescent protein that can be used to affirm the presence of the substance and to follow its action. This test is based on the quantification of fluorescence, and thus of the GFP protein, throughout the eleutheroembryo exposed to a test chemical. Indeed, if the fluorescence is 〉 12% by including the highest concentration of the test, the test is considered positive. Organisms are exposed in chemically inert cell culture plates (6 wells). Each well contains ten organisms in solution. In a run, 20 organisms are exposed to each test concentration. Tadpoles are exposed to the test chemical at NF stage 45 for a duration of 72 hours. A positive result of the XETA test indicates in vivo that a substance induces damage to the receptor and metabolization of the thyroid hormone. A negative result indicates that, under test conditions, the test substance does not induce detectable damage to the thyroid and its functioning.
    DOI: 10.1787/a13f80ee-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 97
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    Smart Use of Roads (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282165911
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report considers the innovative use of existing infrastructure and the adoption of emerging digital technologies to optimise the use of road capacity. It focuses on using big data to identify the traffic bottlenecks in real-time and manage peak demand with innovative measures at the local and network levels. The report examines the effectiveness and efficiency of a range of instruments for active traffic demand management and also considers application issues. It includes a review of the latest road pricing technologies used in several Asian cities.
    DOI: 10.1787/42794582-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 98
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Costa Rica 2019 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264598362
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (95 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Costa Rica (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Costa Rica ; Taxation ; Costa Rica ; Costa Rica ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuer ; Grenzüberschreitende Kooperation
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Costa Rica.
    DOI: 10.1787/4d74d8a2-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 99
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    Working Better with Age (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264455269 , 9789264626348 , 9789264402195
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Working better with age
    Keywords: Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Ältere Arbeitnehmerin ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer
    Abstract: People today are living longer than ever before, but what is a boon for individuals can be challenging for societies. If nothing is done to change existing work and retirement patterns, the number of older inactive people who will need to be supported by each worker could rise by around 40% between 2018 and 2050 on average in the OECD area. This would put a brake on rising living standards as well as enormous pressure on younger generations who will be financing social protection systems. Improving employment prospects of older workers will be crucial. At the same time, taking a life-course approach will be necessary to avoid accumulation of individual disadvantages over work careers that discourage or prevent work at an older age; What can countries do to help? How can they give older people better work incentives and opportunities? This report provides a synthesis of the main challenges and policy recommendations together with a set of international best practices to foster employability, labour demand and incentives to work at an older age.
    DOI: 10.1787/c4d4f66a-en
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  • 100
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    Tackling Fraud and Corruption Risks in the Slovak Republic : A Strategy with Key Actions for the European Structural and Investment Funds (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264934115 , 9789264936256 , 9789264734678
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tackling fraud and corruption risks in the Slovak Republic
    Keywords: Anti-Korruption ; Betrug ; EU-Strukturfonds ; Slowakei ; Governance ; Slovak Republic ; Slowakei ; Strukturfonds ; Europäische Union ; Betrug ; Korruption
    Abstract: This report outlines a strategy for managing fraud and corruption risks related to the European Structural and Investment (ESI) Funds in the Slovak Republic. It suggests targeted and tailored actions for the authorities responsible for these funds, building on their existing fraud and corruption risk management practices. The strategy and key actions draw from the OECD Recommendation of the Council on Public Integrity, as well as European Commission guidance and international standards of inter alia the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
    DOI: 10.1787/6b8da11a-en
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