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  • 2015-2019  (4,076)
  • 1960-1964  (3)
  • 1940-1944
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (4,079)
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  • 101
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264617452 , 9789264312302 , 9789264930384
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Getting Skills Right
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Community education and training in South Africa
    Keywords: Erwachsenenbildung ; Südafrika ; Education ; Employment ; South Africa
    Abstract: Adult learning systems play a crucial role in helping people adapt to the changing world of work and develop relevant skills. Community Education and Training has been brought forward as a possible way to foster adult learning in South Africa, especially among disadvantaged groups. South Africa has a relatively large group of adults who have low levels of education and skills, and limited opportunities for skills development. This report looks at the potential role that Community Education and Training could play in South Africa, how the system should be financed, how to align the training offer with community needs, and how to ensure high-quality provision. The report provides international good practise examples and suggests actions that South African stakeholders might consider to develop the Community Education and Training system.
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  • 102
    ISBN: 9789264310629 , 9789264310636 , 9789264310612
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Gobernanza de reguladores
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Driving Performance at Peru's Telecommunications Regulator
    Keywords: Governance ; Peru
    Abstract: Como "árbitros de mercado", los órganismos reguladores contribuyen a la prestación de servicios públicos esenciales. Su cultura organizacional, comportamiento y gobernanza son factores importantes para determinar su desempeño y el de los sectores regulados. El Marco para la Evaluación del Desempeño de los Reguladores Económicos de la OCDE (PAFER, por sus siglas en inglés), evalúa las instituciones, procesos y prácticas que pueden crear una cultura organizacional de desempeño y resultados. Este informe aplica el PAFER para examinar elementos relacionados con la gobernanza interna y externa del Organismo Supervisor de la Inversión Privada en Telecomunicaciones (OSIPTEL). El informe identifica los logros y buenas prácticas del regulador desde su creación. Asimismo, analiza los factores clave del desempeño de OSIPTEL y propone una reforme integral para ayudar al regulador a prepararse para el futuro.
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  • 103
    ISBN: 9789264310087
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Turkey (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Türkei ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Turkey ; OECD ; Türkei ; G-20-Staaten ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Internationales Einkommensteuerrecht ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Konfliktregelung ; Steuervermeidung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Turkey.
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  • 104
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264752641 , 9789264939561 , 9789264868410
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Open government in Biscay
    Keywords: E-Government ; Baskenland ; Governance ; Spain ; Vizcaya ; Regierung ; Good Governance
    Abstract: The Review analyses the open government agenda of the Province of Biscay, based on the 2017 OECD Recommendation of the Council on Open Government. It assesses Biscay’s initiatives regarding transparency, accountability and stakeholder participation and how they impact the quality of public service delivery. This review also evaluates Biscay’s institutional, legal and policy frameworks for the implementation of these initiatives, focusing on the creation of a sound monitoring and evaluation system. The report includes recommendations to foster a public governance culture that empowers all stakeholders to actively participate throughout the entire policy cycle. This is the first OECD Open Government Review carried out in a subnational government of an OECD member country.
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  • 105
    ISBN: 9789264455030
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Turks and Caicos Islands 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Westindische Inseln ; Taxation ; Turks and Caicos Islands ; Turks- und Caicosinseln ; Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Turks and Caicos Islands.
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  • 106
    ISBN: 9789264312166 , 9789264312173 , 9789264311640
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD territorial reviews
    Keywords: Regionalpolitik ; Migranten ; Soziale Integration ; Smaland ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Sweden
    Abstract: Following on from the 2012 Territorial Review of Småland Blekinge, this Monitoring Review assesses the main regional policy changes since 2012 and the extent to which the recommendations have been implemented. It gives full consideration to the changing context in the region, with improved economic performance, new administrative configurations and an influx of migrants spurring population growth.
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  • 107
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264310513 , 9789264310520 , 9789264310506
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: The Governance of Regulators
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Impulsando el desempeño del Organismo Supervisor de la Inversión Privada en Telecomunicaciones de Perú
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Driving performance at Peru's telecommunications regulator
    Keywords: Telekommunikationspolitik ; Aufsichtsbehörde ; Regulierung ; Peru ; Governance ; Peru ; Peru ; Telekommunikationspolitik ; Regulierungsbehörde
    Abstract: As “market referees”, regulators contribute to the delivery of essential public utilities. Their organisational culture, behaviour and governance are important factors in how regulators, and the sectors they oversee, perform. This report uses the OECD Performance Assessment Framework for Economic Regulators (PAFER) to assess both the internal and external governance of Peru's Supervisory Agency for Private Investment in Telecommunications (OSIPTEL). The review acknowledges OSIPTEL's achievements and good practices, analyses the key drivers of its performance, and proposes an integrated reform package to help the regulator prepare for the future.
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  • 108
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264892798 , 9789264402782 , 9789264414969
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als A policy maker's guide to privatisation
    Keywords: Privatisierung ; Corporate Governance ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Privatisierung
    Abstract: Policy makers and privatisation experts agree that it is critical to “get privatisation right.” A well-planned and executed transaction, backed by sound rationales, institutional and regulatory arrangements, good governance, and integrity can have consequences on future divestment activity by enhancing investor confidence while gaining the support of stakeholders and the public. Drawing on the internationally agreed OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises and decades’ worth of national experience across both OECD and Partner economies, this Policy Maker’s Guide to Privatisation provides practical advice to newcomers on key stages of the process from inception to post-privatisation. With global privatisation activity trending upwards and expected to rise, this Guide can support policy makers in their decision making process in the years to come.
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  • 109
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264425255 , 9789264307919 , 9789264316997
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estudio de la OCDE sobre Integridad en Argentina : Lograr un cambio sistémico y sostenido
    Keywords: Governance ; Argentina
    Abstract: The OECD Integrity Review of Argentina assesses recent efforts to transform Argentina’s integrity framework from isolated initiatives into a coherent whole-of-society integrity system. The Review presents concrete actions for developing an integrity strategy to sustain current reforms. The Review also provides insights into how to operationalise a risk management approach to corruption and upgrade the internal audit function within government. Finally, the Review assesses the government decision-making process and provides options for increasing its transparency and integrity for more accountable and equitable policies.
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  • 110
    ISBN: 9789264723627 , 9789264933101 , 9789264310827
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Gobernanza de reguladores
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Driving Performance at Peru's Energy and Mining Regulator
    Keywords: Energy ; Governance ; Peru
    Abstract: Como "árbitros de mercado", los órganismos reguladores contribuyen a la prestación de servicios públicos esenciales. Su cultura organizacional, comportamiento y gobernanza son factores importantes para determinar su desempeño y el de los sectores regulados. El Marco para la Evaluación del Desempeño de los Reguladores Económicos de la OCDE (PAFER, por sus siglas en inglés), evalúa las instituciones, procesos y prácticas que pueden crear una cultura organizacional de desempeño y resultados. Este informe aplica el PAFER para examinar elementos relacionados con la gobernanza interna y externa del Organismo Supervisor de la Inversión en Energía y Minería (Osinergmin). El informe identifica los logros y buenas prácticas del regulador desde su creación. Asimismo, analiza los factores clave del desempeño de Osinergmin y propone una reforme integral para ayudar al regulador a prepararse para el futuro.
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  • 111
    ISBN: 9789264730441 , 9789264628342 , 9789264609228
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (271 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sustainable infrastructure for low-carbon development in Central Asia and the Caucasus
    Keywords: Infrastrukturinvestition ; Infrastrukturfinanzierung ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Zentralasien ; Kaukasus ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Azerbaijan ; Georgia ; Kazakhstan ; Kyrgyzstan ; Mongolia ; Tajikistan ; Turkmenistan ; Uzbekistan ; Zentralasien ; Kaukasus ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: This report analyses planned infrastructure projects, decision-making frameworks related to infrastructure development and strategic planning documents in eight countries in Central Asia and the Caucasus: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It compares current investment flows with countries' national development objectives to identify misalignments and provides policy-makers with recommendations to improve the integration of climate change and other environmental concerns into infrastucture development decision-making processes. The report presents a comprehensive overview of infrastructure investment, primarily in the transport and energy sectors, throughout the region and identifies the risks and opportunities emerging from current investment patterns.
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  • 112
    ISBN: 9789264327658
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (91 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: United States (stage 2)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; USA ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; United States ; G-20-Staaten ; USA ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Konfliktregelung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by the United States, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices which can be accessed on the OECD website.
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  • 113
    ISBN: 9789264937079 , 9789264438422 , 9789264641495
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe РЕШЕНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ ВОЗДУХА В КАЗАХСТАНЕ: Руководящие принципы реформирования политики в области экологических платежей
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Addressing industrial air pollution in Kazakhstan
    Keywords: Luftverschmutzung ; Industrie ; Umweltabgabe ; Reform ; Kasachstan ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation ; Kazakhstan
    Abstract: Kazakhstan has recorded impressive economic growth rates since its independence, driven mainly by export of commodities and high rate of energy use. These rates are not sustainable and are generating significant air pollution, in particular from industrial stationary sources. This is putting at risk the country’s development ambitions to become one of the top global economies by 2050 and converge towards OECD living standards. Building on OECD previous analysis, this publication shows that Kazakhstan’s environmental payments (environmentally related taxes, non-compliance penalties and compensation for damage regulation) for industrial air pollutants, as currently applied, impede energy efficiency and pollution abatement with heavy-handed non-compliance responses and focus on rising revenues. They also add to the cost of doing businesses in the country with limited environmental benefit. In the spirit of the Polluter-Pays Principle, much more reforms of regulation of environmental payments are needed. This report provides guidelines for reform drawing from air pollution regulations in OECD member countries and the results of the analysis of the system in Kazakhstan carried out by the OECD in close co-operation with the Government of Kazakhstan.
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  • 114
    ISBN: 9789264449954 , 9789264737754 , 9789264465398
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance publique
    Keywords: Governance ; Algeria
    Abstract: Représentant plus de 20% du PIB en Algérie, les marchés publics ont un impact considérable sur l’économie du pays, l’efficience du secteur public et sur la confiance des citoyens. Cette revue souligne les forces et les opportunités d’amélioration du système de passation des marchés publics dans un certain nombre de domaines : le cadre institutionnel et règlementaire, la concurrence, la transparence et la digitalisation du système, son intégrité, son efficience, l’utilisation stratégique des marchés publics et le renforcement des capacités des acteurs du système de passation des marchés publics.
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  • 115
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264464742 , 9789264842281 , 9789264582460
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (139 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe УСИЛЕНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ВОДОСНАБЖЕНИЯ И ВОДООТВЕДЕНИЯ В МОЛДОВЕ
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Enhancing the economic regulatory system for Moldova's water supply and sanitation
    Keywords: Wasserpolitik ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Wasserversorgung ; Abwasserwirtschaft ; Moldawien ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Moldova, Republic of ; Moldawien ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Wasserversorgung ; Abwasser
    Abstract: This report aims to support the development of a sound economic regulatory system for the water supply and sanitation (WSS) sector in the Republic of Moldova (hereafter “Moldova”). The prevailing policy framework calls for drastic developments in WSS to modernise and optimise WSS systems and improve operational efficiency (non-revenue water, staff-output ratios etc.) – in line with domestic and international commitments (including the Association Agreement with the European Union, the Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Agreement and the national WSS strategy). This report outlines ways and means for strengthening the capacity of the Moldovan government to provide sound regulation and that of WSS operators to deliver higher standards of service while ensuring the affordability of WSS services. Such a transition cannot happen overnight. It requires a sound economic regulatory system conducive to affordability, cost recovery and debt servicing, and a realistic performance improvement path for water utilities.
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  • 116
    ISBN: 9789264714175 , 9789264762718 , 9789264342187
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (566 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Country-by-country reporting
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; G-20-Staaten ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Konfliktregelung
    Abstract: Under the Action 13 Minimum Standard, jurisdictions have committed to foster tax transparency by requesting the largest multinational enterprise groups (MNE Groups) to provide the global allocation of their income, taxes and other indicators of the location of economic activity. This unprecedented information on MNE Groups’ operations across the world will boost tax authorities’ risk-assessment capabilities. The Action 13 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review process. The peer review of the Action 13 Minimum Standard is proceeding in stages with three annual reviews in 2017, 2018 and 2019. The phased review process follows the phased implementation of CbC Reporting. Each annual peer review process will therefore focus on different aspects of the three key areas under review: the domestic legal and administrative framework, the exchange of information framework, and the confidentiality and appropriate use of CbC reports. This second annual peer review report reflects the outcome of the second review which considered all aspects of implementation. It contains the review of 116 jurisdictions which provided legislation or information pertaining to the implementation of CbC Reporting.
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  • 117
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264772632 , 9789264860896 , 9789264359505
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (228 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gobernanza del Agua en Argentina
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Water governance in Argentina
    Keywords: Wasserpolitik ; Argentinien ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Argentina ; Argentinien ; Wasserversorgung
    Abstract: Ensuring long-term water security is essential in the pathway towards sustainable development in Argentina. Floods cause 60% of all critical events in the country and are responsible for 95% of economic losses. Severe droughts, in a country where the agricultural sector accounts for 6.4% of GDP as compared to a global average of 3.6%, have a strong impact in the economy. The country is also home to some of the most polluted basins worldwide. Furthermore, climate change will likely shift further water availability, uses and demand. The report is the result of a policy dialogue with more than 200 stakeholders at different levels in Argentina. It assesses water governance in Argentina, identifies several key challenges to effective, efficient and inclusive water policies, and provides a set of policy recommendations to enhance water governance as a means to address relevant societal challenges, both within the scope of water management and beyond. In particular, ways forward for Argentina include strengthening the co-ordination between national and provincial water policies, setting up a multilevel water planning and investment framework, improving basin management practices, and enhancing economic regulation for water services.
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  • 118
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264355637 , 9789264553392 , 9789264543676
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Applying the OECD principles on water governance to floods
    Keywords: Überschwemmung ; Wasserpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Überschwemmung ; Wasserversorgung ; Politik
    Abstract: This report uses the OECD Principles on Water Governance as a tool for multi-stakeholder policy dialogue and practical assessment of the performance of flood governance systems. It applies the Principles to flood-prone contexts to help strengthen governance frameworks for managing the risks of “too much” water. By 2050, 1.6 billion people will be at risk of flooding, affecting nearly 20% of the world’s population at an increasing rate and many times over with dire social, economic and environmental consequences. In this report, a checklist is proposed as a self-assessment tool for stakeholders in flood management, based on lessons learned from 27 case studies that feature practical experiences and highlight common features and key challenges in flood governance.
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  • 119
    ISBN: 9789264850415
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Samoa 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Samoa ; Taxation ; Samoa ; Samoa ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuer ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Samoa.
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  • 120
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264332829 , 9789264799004 , 9789264811072
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Skills matter
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Arbeitskräfte ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Algeria ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Cyprus ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Ecuador ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Indonesia ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Kazakhstan ; Korea, Republic of ; Lithuania ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Peru ; Poland ; Russian Federation ; Singapore ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Turkey ; United Kingdom ; United States ; OECD ; Arbeitnehmer ; Berufliche Qualifikation
    Abstract: In the wake of the technological revolution that began in the last decades of the 20th century, labour-market demand for information-processing and other high-level cognitive and interpersonal skills have been growing substantially. Based on the results from the 33 countries and regions that participated in the 1st and 2nd round of the Survey of Adult Skills in 2011-12 and in 2014-15, this report describes adults’ proficiency in three information-processing skills, and examines how proficiency is related to labour-market and social outcomes. It also places special emphasis on the results from the 3rd and final round of the first cycle of PIAAC in 2017-18, which included 6 countries (Ecuador, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Peru and the United States). The Survey of Adult Skills, a product of the OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), was designed to provide insights into the availability of some of these key skills in society and how they are used at work and at home. The first survey of its kind, it directly measures proficiency in three information-processing skills: literacy, numeracy and problem-solving in technology-rich environments.
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  • 121
    ISBN: 9789264427013
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Current knowledge of the nuclear physics of fuels and materials provides an understanding and simulation of the operations of nuclear reactors and other systems, both under ordinary and exceptional circumstances. As part of a broad spectrum of collaborative activities underpinning research in basic nuclear sciences, the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is supporting collaboration between experimentalists, theoreticians and modelling experts to advance the state of the art in nuclear data. This report offers an overview of collective results from 31 institutions in 15 NEA member countries, along with results from technical experts in the People's Republic of China, in the context of the NEA Collaborative International Evaluated Library Organisation (CIELO) Pilot Project. It reviews recent developments resulting from new measurements and semi-empirical models, as well as the validation of the CIELO nuclear data evaluations against suites of systems representing a wide range of current and future nuclear facilities. The CIELO project has delivered new, evaluated data for the isotopes of uranium, plutonium, iron, oxygen and hydrogen, which have been adopted in all nuclear data libraries released since the CIELO project was completed.
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  • 122
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264360495 , 9789264763135 , 9789264583290
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Estudios de la OCDE sobre Gobernanza Pública
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Reforming ISSSTESON’s Public Procurement for Sustainability
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Este estudio revisa las políticas y prácticas de compras públicas del ISSSTESON, institución que proporciona servicios pensionarios y de salud a los empleados del Gobierno del Estado de Sonora, México. También hace un análisis comparado de dichas prácticas a la luz de la Recomendación del Consejo de la OCDE sobre Contratación Pública 2015 para ayudar al Instituto a mejorar sus operaciones de compra e incrementar su eficiencia en una situación financiera difícil. Finalmente, el estudio examina la estructura de ingresos del Instituto y sugiere reformas al esquema pensionario, el cual es magnánimo en comparación con la experiencia nacional e internacional.
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  • 123
    ISBN: 9789264995468
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Nauru 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Nauru ; Taxation ; Nauru ; Nauru ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuer
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Nauru.
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  • 124
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264408814 , 9789264976009 , 9789264943582
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (286 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Open government in Argentina
    Keywords: E-Government ; Argentinien ; Governance ; Argentina
    Abstract: Argentina is undertaking an ambitious reform to move beyond open government to become an “open state”. This review assesses Argentina’s progress with implementing the 10 provisions of the 2017 OECD Recommendation of the Council on Open Government. Based on extensive data gathered from all branches and levels of government, as well as civil society, this review assesses the progress made to date in these reforms and highlights good practices. It also provides guidance on how Argentina can better align its public sector reform with the Recommendation to achieve its vision.
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  • 125
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264715912 , 9789264805811 , 9789264325111
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Evaluación de la gobernanza del riesgo en Colombia
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Risk governance scan of Colombia
    Keywords: Katastrophenschutz ; Katastrophe ; Kolumbien ; Governance ; Colombia
    Abstract: Colombia has launched an ambitious reform to improve its risk governance and boost resilience to disasters. This OECD Disaster Risk Governance Scan reviews Colombia’s progress in implementing the reform against the 2014 OECD Recommendation on the Governance of Critical Risks. The report identifies success factors and good practices in implementing the disaster risk reform agenda, focusing on central government policies and their implementation, and provides a set of recommendations to strengthen Colombia’s efforts in the future.
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  • 126
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264319363 , 9789264561182 , 9789264562158
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Peru ; volume 3: From analysis to action
    Keywords: Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Peru ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Transport ; Industry and Services ; Peru ; Peru ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Peru has experienced remarkable socio-economic progress over the last two decades, enabling it to join the group of upper middle-income countries around 2010. However, challenges are ahead if the country is not to be caught in various development traps. Overcoming these challenges in the near future to take the economy to the next level and become a country with higher productivity, inclusive development and well-being for all will require sound policy reforms. Further efforts are needed on three main fronts: economic diversification, connectivity and formalisation of jobs. This report analyses the main challenges in these three priority areas and sets up a policy action plan. It also proposes a scorecard including a series of indicators for monitoring progress derived from the implementation of the reforms proposed in these three areas and presents the objectives for each indicator that Peru should aim to achieve by 2025 and 2030.
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  • 127
    ISBN: 9789264980570
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: United Kingdom (stage 2)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Großbritannien ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; United Kingdom ; G-20-Staaten ; Großbritannien ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Konfliktregelung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by the United Kingdom, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices which can be accessed on the OECD website.
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  • 128
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264865600 , 9789264608719 , 9789264935952
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Pension Systems
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of pensions systems
    Keywords: Altersvorsorge ; Lettland ; Peru ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Peru ; Peru ; Altersversorgung
    Abstract: This review assesses Peru’s pension system in its entirety, looking at both public and private, pay-as-you-go (PAYG) financed and funded pension provisions. The review then provides policy options to help tackle old-age poverty; establish a solid framework for the contributory pension system to meet its objectives; improve the coverage and level of pensions; and optimise the design and improve the regulation of the funded private pension component. A further goal of these proposals is to improve the Peruvian population’s trust that the country’s pension system will be able to deliver secure retirement income in old age. The review is the fifth in a series of country reviews of pension systems [Ireland (2014), Mexico (2016), Latvia (2018), and Portugal (2019)]. These reviews provide countries with policy options that will help them improve the functioning of their overall pension system. Tailored policy options are proposed based on the specificities of the national pension system, and on international best practices regarding reforms, design and regulation of pension systems.
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  • 129
    ISBN: 9789264510180
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (115 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Vanuatu (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Vanuatu ; Taxation ; Vanuatu ; Vanuatu ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuer
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Vanuatu.
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  • 130
    ISBN: 9789264728035
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Switzerland (stage 2)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Schweiz ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Switzerland ; Schweiz ; G-20-Staaten ; Internationales Steuerrecht
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Switzerland, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices which can be accessed on the OECD website.
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  • 131
    ISBN: 9789264790841
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (73 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Lithuania (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Litauen ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Lithuania
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Lithuania.
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  • 132
    ISBN: 9789264820296
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Botswana 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Botsuana ; Taxation ; Botswana ; Botswana ; Steuer
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Botswana.
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  • 133
    ISBN: 9789264474079
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: India (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Indien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; India ; Indien ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Steuervermeidung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by India.
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  • 134
    ISBN: 9789264635289
    Language: English
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Essai no. 494 : Méthode d’essai Vitrigel pour l’identification de produits chimiques ne nécessitant aucune classification ni étiquetage pour irritation oculaire ou lésions oculaires graves
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Vitrigel-Eye Irritancy Test (EIT) method is an in vitro test method that allows the identification of test chemicals not requiring classification and labelling for eye irritation or serious eye damage. This test measures the eye irritation potential of a test chemical based on its ability to induce damage to the barrier function of the human corneal epithelium (hCE) models used in the Vitrigel-EIT method. It is known that chemicals that are irritating to the eye first destroy tear film and epithelial barrier function of the eye, subsequently induce epithelial cell death, and finally produce stromal degeneration and endothelial cell death, resulting in corneal opacity. Therefore, the change of the epithelial barrier function is a relevant endpoint for detecting eye irritation. In the Vitrigel Eye Irritancy test method , time-dependent changes in the Transepithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) values are indicative of damage to the barrier function of the corneal epithelium following exposure to a test chemical; this situation is similar to the observed damage of the rabbit cornea following exposure to a test chemical, which is an important mode of action leading to damage of the corneal epithelium and eye irritation. The Vitrigel-Eye Irritancy Test (EIT) method can be used within the limited applicability domain of test chemicals having pH 〉 5.0 (based on 2.5% weight/volume (w/v) preparation).
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  • 135
    ISBN: 9789264944046
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (83 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: South Africa (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Südafrika ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; South Africa ; Südafrika
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by South Africa.
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  • 136
    ISBN: 9789264381421
    Language: French
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Test No. 496: In vitro Macromolecular Test Method for Identifying Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La méthode d’essai macro-moléculaire in vitro est une méthode biochimique in vitro qui peut être utilisée pour identifier des produits chimiques (substances et mélanges) susceptibles d’induire des lésions oculaires graves, ainsi que des produits chimiques ne relevant d’aucune classification pour irritation oculaire ou lésions oculaires graves. La méthode d’essai macro-moléculaire in vitro exploite un mélange réactif macro-moléculaire composé de protéines, de glycoprotéines, de glucides, de lipides et d’éléments à faible masse moléculaire qui, une fois réhydraté, forme une matrice macro-moléculaire complexe qui reproduit la structure hautement organisée et transparente de la cornée. L’opacité cornéenne est considérée comme le principal critère de classification des dangers pour l’œil. Les produits chimiques testés provoquant la dénaturation, le dépliement et des changements de conformation des protéines induisent une désorganisation et une désagrégation de la structure hautement organisée de la matrice macro-moléculaire, ce qui génère une turbidité du réactif macro-moléculaire. À l’aide d’un spectromètre, ce phénomène peut être quantifié en mesurant les changements de diffusion de la lumière à une longueur d’onde de 405 nm et en comparant ces valeurs à une courbe d’étalonnage (établie en parallèle en mesurant la hausse de la densité optique (DO) induite par une série de substances étalon).
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  • 137
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264686472 , 9789264824133 , 9789264826281
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (644 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Higher Education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Benchmarking higher education system performance
    RVK:
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Benchmarking ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; OECD ; Höheres Bildungswesen ; Benchmarking ; Vergleich
    Abstract: The scope of contemporary higher education is wide, and concerns about the performance of higher education systems are widespread. The number of young people with a higher education qualification is expected to surpass 300 million in OECD and G20 countries by 2030. Higher education systems are faced with challenges that include expanding access, containing costs, and ensuring the quality and relevance of provision. The project on benchmarking higher education system performance provides a comprehensive and empirically rich review of the higher education landscape across OECD countries, taking stock of how well they are performing in meeting their education, research and engagement responsibilities.
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  • 138
    ISBN: 9789264890473 , 9789264638792 , 9789264855397
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance publique
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Reforming Public Procurement: Progress in Implementing the 2015 OECD Recommendation
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Ce rapport présente les progrès réalisés par les pays Membres et non-Membres de l'OCDE depuis leur adhésion à la Recommandation du Conseil de l’OCDE sur les marchés publics de 2015. La Recommandation fournit des orientations stratégiques pour faire face aux défis rencontrés dans les marchés publics et identifie les bonnes pratiques afin de garantir une utilisation stratégique et holistique des marchés publics. Ce rapport discute de la pertinence continue de la Recommandation, de sa large diffusion et, le cas échéant, de la nécessité de sa mise à jour ou de sa révision.
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  • 139
    ISBN: 9789264934115 , 9789264936256 , 9789264734678
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tackling fraud and corruption risks in the Slovak Republic
    Keywords: Anti-Korruption ; Betrug ; EU-Strukturfonds ; Slowakei ; Governance ; Slovak Republic ; Slowakei ; Strukturfonds ; Europäische Union ; Betrug ; Korruption
    Abstract: This report outlines a strategy for managing fraud and corruption risks related to the European Structural and Investment (ESI) Funds in the Slovak Republic. It suggests targeted and tailored actions for the authorities responsible for these funds, building on their existing fraud and corruption risk management practices. The strategy and key actions draw from the OECD Recommendation of the Council on Public Integrity, as well as European Commission guidance and international standards of inter alia the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
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  • 140
    ISBN: 9789264926493 , 9789264581647 , 9789264323919
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: La recherche et l'innovation dans l'enseignement
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Measuring Innovation in Education 2019: What Has Changed in the Classroom?
    Keywords: Education ; Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Pour améliorer l'éducation, il est capital de comprendre et de mesurer l'innovation. La base de connaissances internationales en matière d'éducation serait sensiblement élargie en assurant un suivi systématique de l'évolution des pratiques au sein des classes et dans les établissements d'éducation, du développement professionnel des enseignants, de l'utilisation des ressources pédagogiques, et des pratiques de communication des établissements d'enseignement avec leur communauté. On pourrait aussi comprendre comment sont associées les évolutions et l'innovation d'un côté et de meilleurs résultats en matière d'éducation de l'autre. Les décideurs politiques seraient ainsi à même de mieux cibler les interventions et les ressources, et d'obtenir rapidement un retour d'informations permettant de déterminer si les réformes ont modifié les pratiques éducatives conformément aux attentes. Par ailleurs, cela permettrait de mieux comprendre les conditions propices à l'innovation dans l'éducation ainsi que ses répercussions. Cette nouvelle édition de Mesurer l'innovation dans l'éducation examine ce qui a changé (ou pas) pour les étudiants pendant la dernière decénnie dans les systèmes éducatifs de l'OCDE et couvre environ 150 pratiques éducatives dans sa version originale (et un peu moins dans cette version française abrégée). Elle met en lumière l'innovation systémique dans l'enseignement primaire et secondaire, en mettant l'accent sur l'innovation pédagogique. L'utilisation de la technologie s'est-elle propagée? Les évaluations sont-elles devenues plus fréquentes? Les élèves ont-ils plus d'autonomie dans leur apprentissage? Est-ce qu'on leur demande de plus en plus de mémoriser des faits et des procédures? Est-ce que plus d’élèves ont des enseignants qui participent eux-même à des activités d’apprentissage? Voici quelques-unes des questions auxquelles répond ce livre. Des premiers pas vers l’établissement d’un lien entre l’innovation et les performances éducatives sont également réalisés. Ce livre intéressera toutes les parties prenantes désireuses de comprendre l'évolution des pratiques éducatives. Cette version abrégée ne contient, outre le résumé, que les chapitres où la majorité des indicateurs comprennent les systèmes éducatifs francophones. La version intégrale du rapport est disponible en anglais sur le site de l’OCDE.
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  • 141
    ISBN: 9789264515017 , 9789264797352 , 9789264652408
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (280 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: TALIS
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Providing quality early childhood education and care
    Keywords: Frühkindliche Bildung ; Kinderbetreuung ; Qualität ; OECD-Staaten ; Education
    Abstract: For most children, early childhood education and care (ECEC) provides the first experience of life in a group away from their families. This experience plays a crucial role in children’s learning, development and well-being. The benefits of high-quality ECEC are not restricted to children’s first years of life. However, little is known about this first experience. What do children learn and do in ECEC settings? With which staff do children interact at their centres? Do all children face the same opportunities to enrol in high-quality settings? What are the main spending priorities to raise the quality of ECEC? These are key questions for parents, staff and policy makers. The OECD Starting Strong Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS Starting Strong) is the first international survey that focuses on the ECEC workforce. It offers an opportunity to learn about the characteristics of the workforce, the practices they use with children, their beliefs about children’s development and their views on the profession and on the sector. This first volume of findings, Providing Quality Early Childhood Education and Care, examines multiple factors that can affect the quality of ECEC and thereby can influence children’s learning, development and well-being.
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  • 142
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264363472 , 9789264668379 , 9789264609440
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Digital government in Chile
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; E-Government ; Chile ; Governance ; Chile
    Abstract: This study assesses the evolution, achievements and challenges in the design and implementation of digital government strategies in Chile since 2004. It aims to support the Government of Chile in framing and implementing future strategic decisions and developing digital capacity throughout the public sector. In particular, it looks at how Chile can build a whole-of-government approach to embed digital approaches into everyday government operations. The study argues that for Chile to ensure the sustainability of its achievements to date it should work towards shared ownership of, and responsibility for, the digital government strategy throughout the public administration.
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  • 143
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264749597 , 9789264761179 , 9789264484580
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
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  • 144
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264749115 , 9789264644311 , 9789264859111
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (364 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Outlook 2019
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Les nouvelles Perspectives de l'OCDE sur les PME et l’entrepreneuriat présentent les dernières tendances en matière de performance des petites et moyennes entreprises (PME), ainsi que de l'entrepreneuriat et des conditions d’affaires pour les PME. L’édition de cette année présente des données comparatives sur le dynamisme des entreprises, la croissance de la productivité, les écarts de salaires et les exportations par taille d’entreprise dans les pays de l’OCDE et les économies émergentes. Il explore les implications potentielles de la numérisation et de la mondialisation sur les conditions de marché et l'accès des PME aux infrastructures et à des ressources stratégiques telles que le financement, les compétences, la technologie, les données et d'autres actifs de l'innovation. Le rapport fournit une analyse comparative des cadres réglementaires et des politiques visant à uniformiser les règles du jeu pour les PME et les entrepreneurs, et offre une perspective prospective sur les défis auxquels ceux-ci sont confrontés dans leurs affaires et activités. Il contient également des profils de pays décrivant les derniers développements en matière de performance et de conditions de marché pour les PME, les profils pays étant disponibles en version plus détaillée en ligne.
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  • 145
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264972537
    Language: Estonian
    Pages: 21 x 29.7cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estonia: Country Health Profile 2019
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Estonia
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  • 146
    ISBN: 9789264430075
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.314
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document captures and examines schemes used internationally for prioritising chemicals for risk assessment and/or risk management, and identifies commonalities, differences, lessons learned and areas for improvement. Based on this analysis it offers guiding principles and best practices to consider within prioritisation schemes. The document examines, for example, how different schemes handle data poor chemicals with the lack of availability of exposure or hazard data being the most common issue encountered during prioritisation. Other important best practices and common areas for development identified include using a common data platform to facilitate data sharing (e.g., IUCLID), increased sharing of results and rationales, collaboration on the development of new approach methodologies and tools/approaches for improving the prioritisation process, including the use of automation to improve efficiencies, and a comparison of international chemical inventories.
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  • 147
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264648395 , 9789264917873 , 9789264861565
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Regulatory Enforcement and Inspections Toolkit
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Boîte à outils de l’OCDE sur le contrôle et la mise en œuvre de la réglementation
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: La manera en que las regualciones son implementadas y cómo se asegura y promueve su cumplimiento, son determinantes para evaluar si un sistema regulatorio funciona como lo planeado. Las inspecciones son uno de los medios más importantes para hacer cumplir las regualaciones y asegurar que se cumpla con sus disposiciones. Preparada con base en los Principios de la OCDE sobre las Mejores Prácticas para Hacer Cumplir las Normas y para Realizar Inspecciones (2014), esta Guía ofrece a los funcionarios gubernamentales, reguladores, grupos de interés y a los expertos, una herramienta sencilla para la evaluación de los sistemas establecidos para efectuar inspecciones y para hacer cumplir las regulaciones en cada jurisdicción, institución o estructura. Su lista de verificación de 12 criterios puede ser empleada para identificar fortalezas y debilidades, medir el desempeño real del sistema evaluado y determinar áreas a mejorar.
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  • 148
    ISBN: 9789264677852
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (221 p.)
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Non-trial resolutions, often referred to as settlements, have been the predominant means of enforcing foreign bribery and other related offences since the entry into force of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention 20 years ago. The last decade has seen a steady increase in the use of coordinated multi-jurisdictional non-trial resolutions, which have, to date, permitted the highest global amount of combined financial penalties in foreign bribery cases. This study is the first cross-country examination of the different types of resolutions that can be used to resolve foreign bribery cases.
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  • 149
    ISBN: 9789264449961 , 9789264995673 , 9789264518797
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (284 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Open Government Data Report: Enhancing Policy Maturity for Sustainable Impact
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Ce rapport offre un aperçu détaillé de l’état des politiques de données ouvertes dans les pays membres de l’OCDE et de ses partenaires, se basant principalement sur les données récoltées par les enquêtes de l’OCDE sur les données publiques ouvertes en 2013, 2014 et 2016, sur celles des revues de pays et des analyses comparatives faîtes par l’OCDE. Le rapport analyse les politiques de données ouvertes en utilisant un cadre analytique conforme à l’indice OURdata sur les données publiques ouvertes, utiles et réutilisables et à la Charte internationale des données ouvertes (International Open Data Charter). Il évalue les efforts déployés par les gouvernements pour renforcer la disponibilité, l'accessibilité et la réutilisation des données publiques ouvertes. Le rapport soutient qu’au-delà de l'engagement des pays à ouvrir des données gouvernementales de qualité, la création de valeur publique nécessite la mobilisation des différentes communautés d'utilisateurs de l'ensemble de l'écosystème, tel que les journalistes, les organisations de la société civile, les entrepreneurs, les grandes entreprises technologiques privées et les universités. Le rapport souligne également le fait que les politiques de données ouvertes sont des éléments de transformations numériques plus larges et que les politiques de données du secteur public nécessitent une interaction avec d'autres programmes publics, tels que celles du gouvernement ouvert, de l'innovation, l'emploi, l'intégrité, la budgétisation publique, le développement durable, la mobilité urbaine et les transports. Il met aussi l’accent sur la pertinence de mesurer les impacts des données ouvertes afin de soutenir l'analyse de rentabilisation (i.e. le business case) des données publiques ouvertes.
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  • 150
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264878815 , 9789264506527 , 9789264717510
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Regulatory Enforcement and Inspections Toolkit
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guía de la OCDE para el cumplimiento regulatorio y las inspecciones
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: La mise en œuvre et l’application des réglementations ainsi que la garantie et la promotion de la conformité réglementaire sont des déterminants critiques du fonctionnement attendu d’un système réglementaire. Les inspections sont l’un des moyens les plus importants pour l’application des réglementations et la garantie de la conformité réglementaire. Sur la base des Principes de bonnes pratiques de l’OCDE pour la politique de la réglementation de 2014, cette Boîte à outils offre aux responsables officiels, aux régulateurs, aux parties prenantes et aux experts un outil simple pour évaluer le niveau de développement du système d’inspection et de mise en application pour un territoire donné, une institution particulière, ou une structure spécifique. Aussi, une liste de 12 critères proposés peut être utilisée pour identifier des forces et des faiblesses, estimer la performance actuelle, et mettre en évidence des domaines d’amélioration.
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  • 151
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264804111 , 9789264855618 , 9789264657878
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: This report looks at how governments can ensure that everyone has access to justice, and that justice processes and services are responsive to people’s needs. Based on lessons derived from people-centred service delivery, the report identifies access to justice principles and promising practices, as well as measurement tools and indicators to help countries monitor their progress. It sets out a framework for people-centred service design and delivery that can be applied to the entire legal and justice chain. Drawing on over five years of research and collaboration with OECD member countries and partner economies, the report contributes to our collective understanding of effective access to justice and the crucial role it plays in inclusive and sustainable growth and development.
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  • 152
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264375376 , 9789264312838 , 9789264530188
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Large and persistent inequalities in regional economic performance within countries exist throughout the OECD. The 2019 Regional Outlook discusses the underlying causes of economic disparities across regions and highlights the need for place-based policies to address them. The report makes the case that place-based policies are especially important in light of growing public discontent with the economic, social and political status quo in many regions. The geographical patterns of public discontent are closely related to the degree of regional inequalities and policies to address public discontent need to have a place-based dimension. Place-based policies will become even more important in the future due to several technological, demographic and environmental megatrends. This Regional Outlook emphasises that all regions will be affected by these megatrends, but their effects will vary from region to region, even within the same country. Appropriate policy responses need to take this diversity into account and should be tailored to the region-specific impacts of global megatrends. Insofar as possible, this Regional Outlook presents steps that policy makers can take today to make the next generation of regional policies fit for the future.
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  • 153
    ISBN: 9789264960374
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (199 p.)
    Keywords: Energy ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: China Power System Transformation has a two-fold objective. First, it provides a summary of the state of play of power system transformation (PST) in the People’s Republic of China (“China”) as well as a comprehensive discussion of PST internationally. This includes a comprehensive review of all possible sources of power system flexibility (power plants, grid infrastructure, storage, and demand-side response) and a detailed discussion of market, policy, and regulatory frameworks to effectively mobilise power system flexibility. Second, it presents findings from a detailed power sector modelling exercise for China in 2035, building on the 2018 World Energy Outlook New Policies and Sustainable Development Scenarios. The modelling identifies the establishment of spot markets and trade between provinces as two of the main elements to improve system operation efficiency in China. In order to integrate very high shares of variable renewables consistent with the WEO SDS, activating the demand side – especially electric vehicles – and targeted use of electricity storage are found to be crucial for an accelerated transformation of the Chinese power system.
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  • 154
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264944152 , 9789264915039 , 9789264446014
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (235 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Higher Education in Mexico: Labour Market Relevance and Outcomes
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Mexico
    Abstract: El número de estudiantes de educación superior en México se duplicó en la década pasada y cada año más de medio millón de egresados de este nivel se incorporan al mercado laboral. Encontrar empleo adecuado es difícil y un gran número de jóvenes egresados universitarios trabajan en puestos para los cuales están sobrecalificados o consiguen empleos sin seguridad social ni cobertura de pensión. México no es el único país en esta situación. En muchas naciones de la OCDE, los resultados de la educación superior, menores a lo esperado, son una desilusión para los graduados y sus familias, quienes desearían obtener empleos de buena calidad y con buenos ingresos como respuesta a su inversión formativa. La baja rentabilidad es también una preocupación para los gobiernos, que gastan en el desarrollo de competencias para impulsar la productividad y la innovación a escalas nacional y regional. Para responder a estas inquietudes, la OCDE ha emprendido un análisis exhaustivo de los resultados y la relevancia de los sistemas de educación superior para el mercado laboral. El objetivo es ayudar a los países a mejorar las políticas públicas y las prácticas institucionales mediante un conocimiento más amplio de las capacidades y los obstáculos existentes, y las recomendaciones que ayuden a cerrar esas brechas. México fue una de las primeras naciones en sumarse a este ejercicio, junto con Noruega y Estados Unidos de América.
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  • 155
    ISBN: 9789264417656
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.38
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) is a complement document to the Emission Scenario Document on Plastic Additives, ESD No. 3, and provides information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used as additives in plastics to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals into the environment.
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  • 156
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264845930 , 9789264565388 , 9789264574397
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Regions in industrial transition
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Regionalentwicklung ; Industrieregion ; Alte Industrieregion ; Regionalpolitik ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Regionale Wirtschaftsplanung ; Regionale Wirtschaftsförderung ; Industriepolitik
    Abstract: This report offers guidance on how to manage industrial transition and is directed towards all policymakers seeking to improve the “what” and “how” of policies that promote industrial change. It identifies how regions in industrial transition can become more competitive and more resilient in the context of major shifts brought about by globalisation, decarbonisation and ongoing technological change. It takes stock of discussions emanating from a series of peer-learning workshops jointly organised in 2018 by the European Commission and the OECD. The report presents a number of implementation tools that policymakers have at their disposal to activate regional innovation potential to help tackle these challenges and the often accompanying ones such as an unsuitable skills base, unemployment due to deindustrialisation, and limited investment opportunities. Bringing together economic analysis and regional and country practice from the participating regions and countries on the topics of the future of work, entrepreneurship, innovation, transitioning to a climate-neutral economy and inclusive growth, the report identifies cross-cutting lessons to help policy-makers better design the next generation of smart specialisation and regional innovation strategies.
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  • 157
    ISBN: 9789264932845
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.298
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document describes good practices for the licensing of protected elements included in OECD Test Guidelines (TGs). Transparency and communication are needed around protected elements resulting from innovation in sciences and techniques that are gradually integrated in OECD TGs. This Guidance specifies the information required from a test method developer when submitting a proposal for a new TG that contains protected elements. This document contains a broad overview of the intellectual property and similar protections that affect the OECD TG Programme. Laws governing intellectual property and similar rights vary widely from jurisdiction to jurisdiction; anyone seeking to answer specific questions about the interpretation of the concepts in this paper in a specific jurisdiction must seek the advice of a specialised lawyer.
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  • 158
    ISBN: 9789264662643 , 9789264638105 , 9789264378216
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Tunisia
    Abstract: Ce rapport a pour objectif d’apporter une contribution pour l'amélioration des statistiques territoriales en Tunisie afin de soutenir une croissance inclusive et repartie équitablement sur l'ensemble du territoire national. Le rapport propose, en premier lieu, une classification statistique des territoires tunisiens qui permet les comparaisons internationales avec les pays de l’OCDE en termes de tendances socio-économiques dans les zones urbaines et rurales. Ces classifications ainsi qu’un ensemble d’indicateurs statistiques sont ensuite utilisés pour analyser le développement régional en Tunisie et aider à identifier les principaux défis et opportunités de le rendre plus fort et inclusif. Le rapport examine également les aspects de la gouvernance du système des statistiques en Tunisie et propose des recommandations pour une meilleure gouvernance dudit système et améliorer sa capacité à fournir des statistiques territoriales robustes et à jour.
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  • 159
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264394155 , 9789264824607 , 9789264577411
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Delivering better policies through behavioural insights
    Keywords: Verhalten ; Politik ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: As behavioural insights (BI) become more widely used, countries are looking to expand the application of the methodology to new frontiers of policy making. This report tests behaviourally informed solutions to complex policy problems in the fields of competition, consumer protection, energy consumption and safety through a variety of theoretical and experimental approaches. The results give policy makers new ideas for tackling policy problems related to individual behaviour, as well as for changing the behaviour of organisations.
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  • 160
    ISBN: 9789264581890
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (326 p.) , 17 x 24cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Quelle école pour demain ? : Bâtir un système scolaire pour le XXIe siècle
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Primera Clase : Cómo construir una escuela de calidad para el siglo XXI
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe World Class: How to Build a 21st-Century School System
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Weltklasse: Schule für das 21. Jahrhundert gestalten
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Num mundo em que as coisas que são fáceis de ensinar e testar também se tornaram fáceis de digitalizar e de serem automatizadas, será a nossa imaginação, nossa consciência e nosso senso de responsabilidade que nos ajudarão a aproveitar as oportunidades do século 21 para transformar o mundo num lugar melhor. As escolas de amanhã terão de ajudar os alunos a pensar por si mesmos e a se juntarem a outros, com empatia, no trabalho e na cidadania. Elas terão que ajudar os alunos a desenvolver um forte senso de certo e errado, e também sensibilidade para com as reivindicações de outros. De que as escolas vão precisar para conseguirem tornar isso realidade? Andreas Schleicher, criador do PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment), um programa da OCDE, e uma autoridade internacional em política educacional, acompanhou líderes educacionais em mais de 70 países em seus esforços para criar e implementar políticas e práticas voltadas para o futuro. Embora as melhoras na educação sejam mais fáceis de proclamar que de serem atingidas, neste livro Schleicher examina os muitos casos de sucesso a partir dos quais há algo a aprender. Isso não tem nada a ver com copiar e colar soluções de outras escolas ou países, e sim com olhar seriamente e com serenidade para boas práticas em nossos próprios países ou em outros, para compreender o que funciona e em que contextos. Especialista em Física, Schleicher oferece uma perspectiva única na reforma da educação: ele argumenta, de forma convincente, que ela não deveria deixar de ser arte, mas ser principalmente uma ciência. “Ninguém no mundo sabe mais sobre Educação que Andreas Schleicher. Ponto final. Pela primeira vez, ele compilou 20 anos de patrimônio intelectual em um só lugar. A leitura de Primeira classe deveria ser obrigatória para os formuladores de políticas públicas e qualquer pessoa que queira saber como nossas escolas podem se adaptar ao mundo moderno – e ajudar todas as crianças a aprenderem por si mesmas.” Amanda Ripley, author of The Smartest Kids in the World, um bestseller do New York Times “[Schleicher]…compreende as questões mais importantes, e o faz encostando o ouvido no chão e descobrindo soluções conjuntamente a uma variedade de líderes de todos os níveis do sistema e em diversas sociedades.” Michael Fullan, Diretor da Global Leadership, New Pedagogies for Deep Learning “Todos os líderes visionários que encaram com seriedade o aprimoramento da aprendizagem escolar deveriam incluir este livro, totalmente baseado em evidências – Primeira Classe: Como construir um sistema educacional para o século 21 – no topo de sua lista de leituras.” Jeb Bush, 43º Governador da Flórida, e fundador e Presidente da Fundação pela Excelência em Educação “…um livro que precisa ser lido por aqueles que desejam criar um futuro no qual as oportunidades econômicas possam ser compartilhadas por todos.” Klaus Schwab, Fundador e Presidente Executivo do Fórum Econômico Mundial “Neste livro oportuno e visionário, um dos educadores mais capacitados do mundo se baseia em dados impressionantes, observações argutas e considerável sensatez para indicar os caminhos de uma educação efetiva para todos os jovens.” – Howard Gardner, Diretor Senior do Projeto Zero, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação de Harvard
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  • 161
    ISBN: 9789264550438
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (129 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The report reviews trends in labour market policies in ASEAN Member States and their main trading partners between 2010 and 2015. Policy-makers have invested significant effort in addressing some of the decent work challenges in the region between 2010 and 2015. In areas such as social protection and active labour market policies, national-level approaches have been positively influenced by ASEAN Declarations on these subjects. Despite extensive progress in many areas, significant policy gaps still remain. Workers who are more vulnerable to exploitation, such as migrants, minorities or informal workers, were the focus of only a small proportion of these policies during the period under review. This report highlights the need for continued dedication by policymakers to the improvement of labour market institutions and programmes. This commitment to the advancement of the Decent Work Agenda in the region could also benefit from further ASEAN-level actions focusing on labour and social issues.
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  • 162
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264524538 , 9789264850866 , 9789264362574
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Negotiating our way up
    Keywords: Tarifverhandlungen ; Tarifvertrag ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; OECD ; Tarifpolitik ; Tarifverhandlung ; Tarifvertrag
    Abstract: Collective bargaining and workers’ voice are often discussed in the past rather than in the future tense, but can they play a role in the context of a rapidly changing world of work? This report provides a comprehensive assessment of the functioning of collective bargaining systems and workers’ voice arrangements across OECD countries, and new insights on their effect on labour market performance today. The publication provides a detailed review of existing collective bargaining institutions and workers’ voice arrangements. It analyses the role of these institutions for employment, wages, labour market inclusiveness, as well as non-monetary aspects of job quality. The publication also discusses how collective bargaining can be mobilised to address emerging challenges in the labour market, and identifies the type of government intervention that may be required to do this. The report provides a resource for policy makers, trade unions and employers’ organisations interested in understanding how collective bargaining and workers' voice can be used to complement public regulation in shaping ever-changing labour markets.
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  • 163
    ISBN: 9789264586987
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.)
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: A mature and well-guided multi-stage approach to the validation of nuclear power plant control room designs has the potential to reduce the risks involved in the design process. Such an approach can also increase the effectiveness of, and efficiencies in, the validation process, as well as overall confidence in the results. This relatively new concept of multi-stage validation has yet to be defined in the technical literature, and thus the report describes the approach and the rationale for validating systems through a series of successive, co-ordinated validation activities. The scope of application of multi-scale validation addressed in the context of this report includes aspects related to both the human factors engineering of new nuclear power plant main control room designs and modifications to existing control room designs. The objective is to provide a common reference for future dialogue, research and development concerning the multi-stage validation approach, and ultimately to support the safe operation of nuclear power plants worldwide.
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  • 164
    ISBN: 9789264631281
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: With almost 70% of the operating nuclear power reactors over 30 years of age, countries around the world are assessing whether to allow reactor operation past the 50 60 year mark and potentially up to 80 years. Ensuring a proper legal framework for the long term operation (LTO) of nuclear power reactors is a key component of such considerations. The aim of this report is to provide insights into the various laws, regulations and policies that contribute to different countries' approaches to LTO. By collecting information from more than 20 NEA member and non member countries, this report highlights both commonalities among approaches as well as possible reasons for variations. Ultimately, the information gathered can serve as a vital resource for future exchanges respecting the legal aspects of LTO, with a view to further development and strengthening of the collective understanding of these issues.
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  • 165
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264538528 , 9789264318656 , 9789264999848
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (139 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Recent trends in international migration of doctors, nurses and medical students
    Keywords: Gesundheitsberufe ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Studierende ; Internationale Migration ; OECD-Staaten ; Frankreich ; Irland ; Polen ; Rumänien ; Kanada ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Medizinisches Personal ; Internationale Migration
    Abstract: This report describes recent trends in the international migration of doctors and nurses in OECD countries. Over the past decade, the number of doctors and nurses has increased in many OECD countries, and foreign-born and foreign-trained doctors and nurses have contributed to a significant extent. New in-depth analysis of the internationalisation of medical education shows that in some countries (e.g. Israel, Norway, Sweden and the United States) a large and growing number of foreign-trained doctors are people born in these countries who obtained their first medical degree abroad before coming back. The report includes four case studies on the internationalisation of medical education in Europe (France, Ireland, Poland and Romania) as well as a case study on the integration of foreign-trained doctors in Canada.
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  • 166
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264828803 , 9789264916296 , 9789264813175
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (167 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Under Pressure: The Squeezed Middle Class
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Les ménages de la classe moyenne, qui ont le sentiment d’être laissés de côté, mettent en question les retombées de la mondialisation. Dans de nombreux pays de l’OCDE, en effet, les revenus intermédiaires ont moins progressé que le revenu moyen ; pire, dans quelques pays, ils n’ont pas augmenté du tout. Il est vrai que la technologie a automatisé un certain nombre de métiers moyennement qualifiés qui étaient occupés il y a quelques dizaines d’années encore par des travailleurs de la classe moyenne. Le coût de certains biens et services, comme le logement, qui sont essentiels au mode de vie de la classe moyenne, a en outre augmenté plus rapidement que les revenus d’activité et l’inflation globale. Dans ce contexte, les classes moyennes ont vu leur capacité d’épargne diminuer et, dans certains cas, elles se sont même endettées. Le présent rapport apporte un éclairage sur les multiples pressions subies par la classe moyenne. Il analyse les tendances chez les ménages à revenu intermédiaire dans diverses dimensions telles que l’emploi, la consommation, la santé et l’endettement, ainsi que les perceptions et les attitudes sociales. Il examine en outre diverses initiatives visant à répondre aux préoccupations soulevées par la classe moyenne, notamment la protection du niveau de vie et de la sécurité financière de la classe moyenne face aux défis économiques.
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  • 167
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264699274 , 9789264982512 , 9789264150348
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (167 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Sous pression : la classe moyenne en perte de vitesse
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Under pressure
    RVK:
    Keywords: Mittelschicht ; Soziale Lage ; Haushaltseinkommen ; Ausgaben ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Mittelstand ; Soziale Situation
    Abstract: Middle-class households feel left behind and have questioned the benefits of economic globalisation. In many OECD countries, middle incomes have grown less than the average and in some they have not grown at all. Technology has automated several middle-skilled jobs that used to be carried out by middle-class workers a few decades ago. The costs of some goods and services such as housing, which are essential for a middle-class lifestyle, have risen faster than earnings and overall inflation. Faced with this, middle classes have reduced their ability to save and in some cases have fallen into debt. This report sheds light on the multiple pressures on the middle class. It analyses the trends of middle-income households through dimensions such as labour occupation, consumption, wealth and debt, as well as perceptions and social attitudes. It also discusses policy initiatives to address the concerns raised by the middle class, by protecting middle-class living standards and financial security in the face of economic challenges.
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  • 168
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264545199 , 9789264925434 , 9789264366039
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (139 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Künstliche Intelligenz in der Gesellschaft
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 사회 속의 인공지능
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L’intelligence artificielle dans la société
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Artificial intelligence in society
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Gesellschaft ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The artificial intelligence (AI) landscape has evolved significantly from 1950 when Alan Turing first posed the question of whether machines can think. Today, AI is transforming societies and economies. It promises to generate productivity gains, improve well-being and help address global challenges, such as climate change, resource scarcity and health crises. Yet, as AI applications are adopted around the world, their use can raise questions and challenges related to human values, fairness, human determination, privacy, safety and accountability, among others. This report helps build a shared understanding of AI in the present and near-term by mapping the AI technical, economic, use case and policy landscape and identifying major public policy considerations. It is also intended to help co-ordination and consistency with discussions in other national and international fora.
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  • 169
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264869943 , 9789264416222 , 9789264707023
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Surveys: Colombia 2019
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Études économiques de l'OCDE : Colombie 2019 (version abrégée)
    Keywords: Economics ; Colombia
    Abstract: Colombia ha logrado importantes avances económicos y sociales en las últimas dos décadas. Las políticas macroeconómicas son sólidas y han conseguido un crecimiento sostenido y un suave ajuste a los shocks a lo largo de los años. El mantenimiento y fortalecimiento del marco de políticas es clave para la sostenibilidad de las políticas macroeconómicas y para sentar las bases de una mayor productividad e inclusión. Para que Colombia se embarque en la senda de un crecimiento más sólido e inclusivo y reduzca su dependencia de los recursos naturales, es necesario impulsar la productividad mediante la adopción de reformas estructurales en materia de competencia, regulación, política comercial, infraestructuras, innovación y habilidades. La reducción de la informalidad y el fomento del empleo de calidad harían extensivos a todos los colombianos los beneficios del crecimiento, respaldando el apoyo económico y político a las reformas. CAPÍTULOS ESPECIALES: IMPULSAR LAS EXPORTACIONES Y LA INTEGRACIÓN EN LA ECONOMÍA MUNDIAL; FOMENTAR EMPLEOS DE CALIDAD PARA TODOS
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  • 170
    ISBN: 9789264911291
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Japan’s G20 presidency 2019 asked the International Energy Agency to analyse progress in G20 countries towards technology innovation to accelerate energy transitions. The Japan presidency, which began on 1 December 2018 and runs through 30 November 2019, has placed a strong focus on innovation, business and finance.1 In the areas of energy and the environment, Japan wishes to create a “virtuous cycle between the environment and growth”, which is the core theme of the G20 Ministerial Meeting on Energy Transitions and Global Environment for Sustainable Growth in Karuizawa, Japan, 15-16 June 2019. A first draft report was presented to the 2nd meeting of the G20 Energy Transitions Working Group (ETWG), held through 18-19 April 2019. This final report incorporates feedback and comments submitted during April by the G20 membership and was shared with the ETWG members. This final report is cited in “Proposed Documents for the Japanese Presidency of the G20” that was distributed to the G20 energy ministers, who convened in Karuizawa on 15-16 June 2019. This report, prepared as an input for the 2019 G20 ministerial meeting, is an IEA contribution; it is not submitted for formal approval by energy ministers, nor does it reflect the G20 membership’s national or collective views. The report sets out around 100 “innovation gaps”, that is, key innovation needs in each energy technology area that require additional efforts, including through global collaboration.
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  • 171
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264479944 , 9789264933866 , 9789264634206
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Public value in public service transformation
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Dienst ; Öffentlicher Sektor ; Politischer Wandel ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Building on the previous report, this report examines how governments can move from a tactical to a holistic approach to system change. Drawing on diverse case studies from across the world at both national and local levels, the report illustrates how a strategic approach to system change implies three key elements: envisioning and acting on the future, putting public value at the core of the change process, and systematically engaging citizens in decision-making.
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  • 172
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264612938 , 9789264503120 , 9789264969384
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Governance as an SDG accelerator
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Governance-Ansatz ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Governance ; OECD ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Governance
    Abstract: Delivering on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is a formidable governance challenge for countries at all levels of development. It requires governments to co-ordinate, consult and work across policy areas – as well as with the businesses sector and civil society – in an unprecedented way. This report provides evidence from OECD countries and partner economies on how public governance practices can be strengthened to help implement the SDGs. It looks at whole-of-government co-ordination, policy coherence and integrity, stakeholder engagement and open government, and the strategic use of budgeting, procurement and regulatory tools. It discusses robust monitoring and evaluation systems for ensuring that public policies and resource allocations for SDG implementation result in meaningful outcomes. It also explores how governance frameworks to support equal access to justice and gender equality can help catalyse implementation across the entire 2030 Agenda.
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  • 173
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264539082 , 9789264798397 , 9789264956391
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lives in crises
    Keywords: Humanitäre Hilfe ; Welt ; Development ; Afghanistan ; Bangladesh ; Haiti ; Iraq ; Lebanon ; Somalia ; Uganda
    Abstract: In May 2016, the World Humanitarian Summit represented a turning point for humanitarian policies. The Summit gave the impetus to seriously reflect on how to operate in environments where people’s needs don’t coincide anymore with existing mandates and sectors. The OECD believes that an effective humanitarian response is the one that addresses affected people’s needs in a timely and efficient manner. One way to measure effectiveness is to ask aid beneficiaries what they think about the aid they get. With this is mind, the OECD initiated a first round of surveys during the cycle 2016-2017 in six countries affected by different type of crisis : Lebanon, Afghanistan, Haiti, Iraq, Somalia and Uganda. Two years after the World humanitarian Summit, the OECD and Ground Truth Solutions took another round of surveys in the same countries, plus Bangladesh. The purpose of this second round of surveys is to assess whether the commitments made at the World Humanitarian Summit, including the Grand Bargain, are having a tangible impact on people’s lives in the most difficult contexts in the world. This paper provides some answers to this question.
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  • 174
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264312159 , 9789264312142 , 9789264311770
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gender Equality in Canada: Mainstreaming, Governance and Budgeting
    Keywords: Governance ; Canada
    Abstract: L’engagement du Canada en faveur de l’égalité des sexes existe de longue date et la création d’une société véritablement inclusive fait l’objet d’un programme de plus en plus ambitieux. Notamment, ces dernières années, le gouvernement du Canada a renforcé le cadre de gouvernance fédéral en matière d’égalité des sexes, mettant en place des institutions, des politiques, des outils et des structures de responsabilité. L’examen des politiques d’égalité des sexes au Canada réalisé par l’OCDE formule des recommandations relatives à la poursuite du développement de ce cadre de gouvernance. Il recense également les progrès réalisés par le Canada en matière de budgétisation liée au genre et formule d’autres recommandations pour la mise en œuvre d’une approche plus globale, systématique et durable.
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  • 175
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264751064
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Good Practice for Good Jobs in Early Childhood Education and Care
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Die Gewinnung und Bindung von Fachkräften stellt im Bereich der frühkindlichen Bildung, Betreuung und Erziehung (FBBE) seit geraumer Zeit eine Herausforderung dar. Den OECD-Ländern ist es zunehmend wichtig, dass FBBE-Fachkräfte ein hohes Qualifikationsniveau besitzen, doch führen Niedriglöhne, ein geringes Ansehen, fehlende öffentliche Anerkennung, schlechte Arbeitsbedingungen und begrenzte berufliche Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten dazu, dass die Personalgewinnung und -bindung sich häufig schwierig gestalten. Was können die einzelnen Länder tun, um einen Bestand an hochqualifizierten und gut ausgebildeten FBBE-Fachkräften aufzubauen? Welches ist der beste Weg, um die Kompetenzen der Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter zu erhöhen, ohne dabei den Fachkräftemangel zu verstärken? Wie können die Länder angesichts begrenzter Ressourcen die Löhne anheben und die Arbeitsbedingungen verbessern? Auf der Grundlage früherer Arbeiten der OECD zum Thema frühkindliche Bildung, Betreuung und Erziehung und Erfahrungen aus OECD-Ländern stellt dieser Bericht bewährte Maßnahmen für bessere FBBE-Arbeitsplätze und den Ausbau des Bestands hochqualifizierter Arbeitskräfte vor.
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  • 176
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264686823 , 9789264943124 , 9789264353343
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (175 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Künstliche Intelligenz in der Gesellschaft
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 사회 속의 인공지능
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Artificial Intelligence in Society
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Le paysage technique de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) s’est métamorphosé depuis 1950, lorsqu’Alan Turing s’interrogeait pour la première fois sur la capacité des machines à penser. Aujourd’hui, l’IA transforme les économies et les sociétés. Elle promet de générer des gains de productivité, d’améliorer le bien-être et de contribuer à apporter des solutions aux défis mondiaux que sont, par exemple, le changement climatique, l’épuisement des ressources et les crises sanitaires. Cependant, à l’heure où ces applications sont adoptées à travers le monde, leur utilisation soulève un certain nombre d’interrogations et de difficultés ayant trait, entre autres, aux valeurs humaines, à l’équité, à la détermination humaine, à la protection de la vie privée, à la sécurité et à la responsabilité. Le présent rapport contribue à faire émerger une compréhension commune de l’IA, sous sa forme actuelle et dans son évolution à court terme, à travers des relevés du paysage technique, économique, pratique et réglementaire de l’IA et la mise en évidence de grandes considérations de politique publique. Il contribue également à un débat coordonné et cohérent entre les diverses enceintes nationales et internationales.
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  • 177
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264611498
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Surveys: Latvia 2017
    Keywords: Economics ; Latvia
    Abstract: La Lettonie a enregistré une croissance économique vigoureuse ces dernières années, bien qu'elle ait souffert de la récession mondiale et se trouve dans une situation difficile, compte tenu de la baisse de ses exportations vers la Russie. Les exportateurs lettons ont gagné des parts de marché. La progression des salaires a soutenu la croissance de la consommation des ménages. La situation budgétaire est saine, le budget étant à l’équilibre en 2016 et la dette publique étant proche de 40 % du PIB. L'endettement du secteur privé est retombé à un niveau relativement bas. Le niveau modeste de l’endettement public et privé et la robustesse du secteur financier sous-tendent une solide confiance du secteur financier. Moteur essentiel de la croissance économique, la zone métropolitaine de Riga réunit les secteurs naissants de haute technologie du pays et représente environ 69 % du PIB letton.
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  • 178
    ISBN: 9789264762428
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perfilando la transformación digital en América Latina : Mayor productividad para una vida mejor
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report discusses policies and approaches to spur sustainable and inclusive digital transformation in the LAC region across seven action areas: enhancing access to digital technologies; strengthening their effective use; enabling digital innovation; ensuring quality jobs for all; promoting an inclusive digital society; strengthening trust; and fostering market openness. The report also aims to contribute to the preparation of an action plan that will support the region’s efforts to reap the benefits of the digital transformation. This publication was prepared to support the discussions of the OECD Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Programme’s Third Ministerial Summit on Productivity “Harnessing the Digital Transformation to Boost Productivity in in Latin America and the Caribbean”. It draws on OECD work on carried out in the context of the Going Digital project, as well as a range of work specific to the LAC region, such as the OECD-IDB report Broadband Policies for Latin America and the Caribbean, the OECD Reviews of Telecommunication Policies in Mexico and Colombia, and the OECD Going Digital Reviews of Colombia and Brazil.
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  • 179
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264312487 , 9789264570986 , 9789264489790
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hausse du niveau des mers : Les approches des pays de l'OCDE face aux risques côtiers
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Responding to rising seas
    Keywords: Küstenschutz ; OECD-Staaten ; Kanada ; Deutschland ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; Environment ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Deutschland ; Kanada ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; Küstenschutz
    Abstract: There is an urgent need to ensure that coastal areas are adapting to the impacts of climate change. Risks in these areas are projected to increase because of rising sea levels and development pressures. This report reviews how OECD countries can use their national adaptation planning processes to respond to this challenge. Specifically, the report examines how countries approach shared costs and responsibilities for coastal risk management and how this encourages or hinders risk-reduction behaviour by households, businesses and different levels of government. The report outlines policy tools that national governments can use to encourage an efficient, effective and equitable response to ongoing coastal change. It is informed by new analysis on the future costs of sea-level rise, and the main findings from four case studies (Canada, Germany, New Zealand and the United Kingdom).
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  • 180
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264755024 , 9789264765078 , 9789264827837
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tax morale
    Keywords: Steuermoral ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Taxation ; Development ; Steuermoral
    Abstract: Unlocking what drives tax morale – the intrinsic willingness to pay tax – can greatly assist governments in the design of tax policies and their administration, particularly in developing countries where compliance rates are low. This report builds on previous OECD research to identify some of the key socio-economic and institutional drivers of tax morale across developing countries, and seeks to test for evidence of the social contract by examining the impact of public services on tax morale. It also uses new data on tax certainty as an entry point to explore tax morale in businesses, where existing research is very limited. Finally, the report identifies a range of factors related to the tax system that may affect business decision making, how they vary across regions, and suggests some areas for future research. Overall, the report provides a range of suggestions for further work, and how tax morale considerations can be integrated into holistic tax compliance strategies.
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  • 181
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264307452
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global material resources outlook to 2060
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Rohstoffvorkommen ; Rohstoffwirtschaft ; Umweltökonomik ; Umweltbelastung ; Welt ; Energy ; Environment ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Agrarweltmarkt ; Energieweltwirtschaft ; Rohstoffreserve ; Rohstoffwirtschaft ; Umweltbelastung ; Umweltökonomie
    Abstract: This report presents global projections of materials use and their environmental consequences, providing a quantitative outlook to 2060 at the global, sectoral and regional levels for 61 different materials (biomass resources, fossil fuels, metals and non-metallic minerals). It explains the economic drivers determining the decoupling of economic growth and materials use, and assesses how the projected shifts in sectoral and regional economic activity influence the use of different materials. The projections include both primary and secondary materials, which provides a deeper understanding of what drives the synergies and trade-offs between extraction and recycling. The report projects a doubling of global primary materials use between today and 2060. Population and converging per capita income growth drive the growth in materials use. However, structural change, especially in non-OECD countries, and technology improvements partially dampen that growth. Metals and non-metallic minerals are projected to grow more rapidly than other types of materials.
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  • 182
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264312418 , 9789264312425 , 9789264311602
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (208 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Public Health
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of public health
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Japan ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Japan ; Japan ; Gesundheitswesen
    Abstract: This review assesses Japan's public health system, highlights areas of strength and weakness, and makes a number of recommendations for improvement. The review examines Japan's public health system architecture, and how well policies are responding to population health challenges, including Japan's ambition of maintaining good population health, as well as promoting longer healthy life expectancy for the large and growing elderly population. In particular, the review assesses Japan's broad primary prevention strategy, and extensive health check-ups programme, which is the cornerstone of Japan's secondary prevention strategy. The review also examines Japan's exposure to public health emergencies, and capacity to respond to emergencies as and when they occur.
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  • 183
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264311992 , 9789264312043 , 9789264312050
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cómo medir la transformación digital : Hoja de ruta para el futuro
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Measuring the digital transformation
    RVK:
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Digitalisierung
    Abstract: Measuring the Digital Transformation: A Roadmap for the Future provides new insights into the state of the digital transformation by mapping indicators across a range of areas – from education and innovation, to trade and economic and social outcomes – against current digital policy issues, as presented in Going Digital: Shaping Policies, Improving Lives. In so doing, it identifies gaps in the current measurement framework, assesses progress made towards filling these gaps and sets-out a forward-looking measurement roadmap. The goal is to expand the evidence base, as a means to lay the ground for more robust policies for growth and well-being in the digital era.
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  • 184
    ISBN: 9789264300453 , 9789264300880 , 9789264300897
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (292 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Environment: Further Developments and Policy Use
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: La présente publication examine les avancées récentes de l’analyse coûts-avantages (ACA) environnementale. Celle-ci correspond à l’application de l’ACA aux projets ou aux politiques qui visent explicitement à améliorer la qualité de l’environnement ou qui ont, d’une manière ou d’une autre, un effet indirect sur les milieux naturels. Cette publication s’appuie sur l’ouvrage précédent de l’OCDE rédigé par David Pearce et al. (2006), qui partait du constat que la conjonction d’un certain nombre d’avancées de l’ACA modifiait la manière dont bien des économistes recommanderaient de mettre en œuvre cet instrument, surtout dans le contexte de projets ou de politiques ayant des impacts environnementaux considérables. Cette publication n’a pas seulement pour principal objectif d’évaluer les progrès accomplis : elle cherche également à déterminer en quoi certaines évolutions illustrent des questions thématiques centrales ayant des conséquences pour l’application concrète de l’ACA environnementale dans le cadre de l’élaboration des politiques et de l’évaluation des projets d’investissement. Le thème sans doute le plus important a trait à la contribution de l’économie du climat face au défi que constitue l’évaluation des mesures publiques visant à atténuer le changement climatique (ou à s’y adapter). Les travaux dans ce domaine ont accru l’intérêt porté au mode d’évaluation des coûts et des avantages à très long terme et ils ont notamment montré à quel point les procédures classiques de détermination du taux d’actualisation social deviennent problématiques dans un contexte intergénérationnel et quelles pourraient être les nouvelles approches requises. La contribution de l’économie du climat a également suscité une réflexion plus poussée sur l’incertitude dans le cadre de l’ACA, en particulier en présence d’effets incertains qui peuvent avoir des impacts (négatifs) de grande ampleur.
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  • 185
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264534001
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Climate Finance Provided and Mobilised by Developed Countries in 2013-17
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: Ce rapport présente les estimations des volumes annuels de financement climatique fournis et mobilisés par les pays développés pour 2013-2017. Ces estimations incluent les finances publiques bilatérales et multilatérales, les crédits à l'exportation et les financements privés mobilisés. Le cadre comptable sous-jacent est conforme à celui utilisé par l'OCDE en 2015 pour produire des estimations du financement climatique pour les années 2013-2014, ainsi qu'à celui utilisé en 2016 pour produire des projections de financement climatique 2020. Il est également cohérent avec les résultats de la COP24 de la CCNUCC sur les modalités de comptabilisation des ressources financières fournies et mobilisées grâce aux interventions publiques.
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  • 186
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264987272 , 9789264805958 , 9789264550100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The space economy in figures
    Keywords: Raumfahrt ; Luftfahrtindustrie ; Welt ; Education ; Energy ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Raumfahrt ; Luft- und Raumfahrtindustrie
    Abstract: The space economy is expanding and becoming increasingly global, driven by the development of ever-more governmental space programmes around the world, the multiplication of commercial actors in value chains, durable digitalisation trends, and new space systems coming of age. This report describes these emerging trends using new and internationally comparable data and indicators. It highlights the growing importance of space activities for the economy, for developing country strategies (based on original official development assistance statistics), for the pursuit of knowledge and scientific discoveries, and for society in general. To get the most out of space investments and promote sustained socio-economic growth, this report provides some recommendations to countries in building up their statistical evidence on space actors and activities.
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  • 187
    ISBN: 9789264753266 , 9789264956537 , 9789264754294
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Vers une coopération pour le développement plus efficace : Rapport d'étape 2019
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hacia una cooperación al desarrollo más eficaz : Informe de avances 2019
    Keywords: Governance ; Development
    Abstract: Helping countries to improve the lives of their citizens requires effective international development co-operation. The Global Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation’s principles (country ownership, focus on results, inclusive partnerships, and transparency and mutual accountability) have been guiding relationships between development partners for close to a decade, helping them to strengthen and improve the way they co-operate and ensuring that all citizens are invested in the process. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) work together to monitor progress in using these principles. In 2018, data was collected by 86 partner countries and territories, in collaboration with more than 100 development partners, to serve as the basis for this work and provide evidence. By highlighting where progress has been made and where challenges remain, the work helps governments and their partners strengthen collective action towards the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
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  • 188
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264890855 , 9789264940543 , 9789264986053
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Making Decentralisation Work: A Handbook for Policy-Makers
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development
    Abstract: Ce rapport traite des tendances actuelles des politiques de décentralisation des pays de l’OCDE et au-delà, et de la marche à suivre pour réussir la décentralisation. Parfois qualifiée de révolution « silencieuse » ou « discrète », la décentralisation compte parmi les réformes les plus importantes de ces cinquante dernières années. Les résultats que la décentralisation produit – en termes de démocratie, d’efficience, de transparence, de développement régional et local – dépendent pour une large part de la manière dont la décentralisation est pensée et mise en œuvre. Il est d’autant plus crucial de mettre autant que possible les avantages de la décentralisation au service du développement régional qu’il existe actuellement une « géographie du mécontentement » et une fracture grandissante entre les territoires qui se sentent les laissés pour compte de la mondialisation et des évolutions technologiques, et ceux qui peuvent profiter des possibilités offertes par les opportunités liées à la mondialisation. Ce rapport livre 10 principes directeurs pour une décentralisation efficace et propice au développement régional. Outre ces principes, il propose des outils pratiques à l’intention des décideurs, dont des ensembles de recommandations détaillées, des outils d'auto-évaluation, des indications sur les écueils à éviter et des exemples de bonnes pratiques, dans les pays à structure unitaire et fédérale.
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  • 189
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264310278
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD economic survey of the United States
    Keywords: Wirtschaftslage ; Großbritannien ; Development ; Economics ; United States ; USA ; Wirtschaftliche Lage ; Wirtschaftliche Stabilität
    Abstract: This volume collects four studies that were prepared as background research to the 2018 OECD Economic Survey of the United States. Using micro-data survey responses, regional and sectorial data, these studies seek to provide insights into how employment responds to labour market disruption and the drivers of household financial vulnerability in the United States. This volume represents a collaborative effort by a team of OECD and academic researchers.
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  • 190
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264446694 , 9789264985391 , 9789264311442
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Good governance in Egypt
    Keywords: Good Governance ; Ägypten ; Governance ; Egypt ; Ägypten ; Good Governance
    Abstract: This report looks at the role of legislative drafting manuals in enhancing legislative and regulatory quality. It presents experiences and good practices from both OECD and MENA countries in the preparation and application of these manuals. In particular, the report discusses the preparation of Egypt’s legislative drafting guide, which is among the first of its kind in the region. The report maps out the process of legislative drafting in Egypt, identifies existing challenges in the current legislative and regulatory framework, and explores how the Egyptian Legislative Drafting Guide could help overcome these challenges. The report concludes with tailored policy recommendations to help maximise the potential of the Egyptian Legislative Drafting Guide as a tool for obtaining better outcomes from legislation.
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  • 191
    ISBN: 9789264958982 , 9789264512900 , 9789264428225
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (376 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Global Outlook on Financing for Sustainable Development 2019: Time to Face the Challenge
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: Afin de faire face aux problèmes mondiaux les plus urgents et atteindre les Objectifs de développement durable, la communauté internationale a promis d’unir les forces d’un nombre sans précédent d’acteurs financiers : entreprises, gouvernements, organisations philanthropiques ou encore particuliers transférant de l’argent vers leur pays d’origine. Pourtant le déficit en matière de financement du développement durable se creuse : alors que les besoins continuent d’augmenter, les ressources à la disposition des pays en développement restent limitées, voire régressent, comme en atteste la baisse de l’investissement direct étranger observée récemment. Il faut de nouveaux instruments financiers et de nouveaux modes d’interaction pour mobiliser les ressources qui font défaut. Or, malgré des avancées notables, nous ne parvenons pas à encore à cerner avec précision toutes les opportunités et tous les risques auxquels les acteurs de ce nouveau « marché » doivent se mesurer. Ce rapport tire la sonnette d’alarme. Pour concrétiser les engagements du Programme 2030, et sortir des centaines de millions d’êtres humains de l’extrême pauvreté, la communauté internationale doit non seulement mobiliser de nouvelles ressources, mais également accroître la contribution des financements existants à un développement réellement durable. Première édition d’une nouvelle série, ce rapport propose des options innovantes pour améliorer la mesure des flux de financements, la qualité des politiques publiques et la coordination des acteurs afin de réaliser ces objectifs ambitieux.
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  • 192
    ISBN: 9789264576605 , 9789264659780 , 9789264877863
    Language: Swedish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Counterfeiting and Piracy and the Swedish Economy: Making Sure "Made in Sweden" Always Is
    Keywords: Governance ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Sweden
    Abstract: Den svenska ekonomin är innovativ och rik på immateriella tillgångar, då en stor del av företagens värde finns i de immateriella tillgångarna. Den svenska industrin är global och beroende av export. Samtidigt är hotet från piratkopiering stort, och svenska företag är sårbara. Denna rapport visar på piratkopieringens direkta ekonomiska effekter för svenska företag, konsumenter och samhälle. Rapporten belyser både importen av piratkopierade varor till Sverige och de immaterialrättsliga effekterna för svenska företag av den globala handeln med piratkopierade produkter.
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  • 193
    ISBN: 9789264709959 , 9789264707184 , 9789264434615
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Enabling women's economic empowerment
    RVK:
    Keywords: Frauenpolitik ; Familienpflege ; Entwicklungsländer ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: Women’s unequal share of unpaid care work can prevent their full participation in the economies of developing countries; however, care needs are growing globally. How can governments and development partners meet the needs of families and communities, while ensuring that all citizens benefit from economic opportunities and fair remuneration? As part of the OECD Policy Dialogue on Women’s Economic Empowerment, this report focuses on identifying what works to address unpaid care work and sheds light on how governments, donors in the private sector and civil society actors – among others – can design policies to support both those who need care and those who provide care. The report brings together existing knowledge of policy options for unpaid care work across regions, in four policy areas: infrastructure, social protection, public services and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household.
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  • 194
    ISBN: 9789282118436
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Safer City Streets: Global Benchmarking for Urban Road Safety
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Este documento tiene por objeto apoyar a las ciudades en el establecimiento de objetivos de seguridad vial y supervisar los avances en la mejora de la seguridad vial urbana. Los peatones, ciclistas y motociclistas representan casi el 80 % de las muertes por accidentes de tráfico urbanos. Por lo tanto, las ciudades deben intensificar sus esfuerzos para mejorar la seguridad de los usuarios vulnerables de la vía pública. Este documento presenta indicadores de seguridad vial para diferentes grupos de usuarios de la vía pública recolectados en 31 ciudades con el fin de facilitar la evaluación, la supervisión y la comparación de resultados de seguridad vial. Presta especial atención a la medición del riesgo de muerte en accidente de tráfico por unidad de distancia recorrida.
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  • 195
    ISBN: 9789264313859 , 9789264762121 , 9789264487604
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Skills Strategy 2019: Skills to Shape a Better Future
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estrategia de Competencias de la OCDE 2019 : Competencias para construir un futuro mejor
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Economics
    Abstract: La Stratégie de l’OCDE sur les compétences propose une approche stratégique et globale afin que les peuples et les pays puissent se doter de compétences leur permettant de s’épanouir dans un monde complexe, interconnecté et en pleine évolution. La nouvelle Stratégie 2019 de l’OCDE sur les compétences tient compte depuis 2012 des enseignements tirés de la mise en œuvre initiale de la stratégie des compétences de l’OCDE dans 11 pays, et intègre également es récentes constatations des effets des mégatendances sur les compétences, telles que la mondialisation, la transformation numérique, le vieillissement de la population et les migrations. La Stratégie tient également compte des nouvelles connaissances de l’OCDE sur les politiques en matière de compétences efficacesqui reposent sur ces trois grands axes: acquérir des compétences utiles tout au long de la vie, utiliser efficacement les compétences dans le cadre professionnel et social et, renforcer la gouvernance des systèmes de compétences.
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  • 196
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (135 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Adverse Outcome Pathways no.13
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This AOP describes one adverse outcome that may result from the inhibition of thyroperoxidase (TPO) during mammalian development. Chemical inhibition of TPO results in decreased thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis, and subsequent reduction in circulating concentrations of THs. THs are essential for normal human brain development, both prenatally and postnatally, modulating genes critical for a normal neuroanatomical development, with subsequent effects on neurophysiology, and finally neurological function. Therefore, chemicals that interfere with TH synthesis have the potential to cause TH insufficiency that may result in adverse neurodevelopmental effects in offspring. Herein, we discuss the implications of developmental TPO inhibition for hippocampal anatomy, function, and ultimately neural function. The hippocampus is known to be critically involved in cognitive, emotional, and memory function. The adverse consequences of TH insufficiency depend both on severity and developmental timing, indicating that exposure to TPO inhibitors may produce different effects at different developmental windows of exposure.
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  • 197
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Series Statement: SIGMA Papers no.59
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Lignes directrices pour l’évaluation de la qualité des systèmes de contrôle interne
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Public sector organisations across the world are increasingly using advanced management concepts. One such concept, internal control, is a set of management arrangements designed to achieve an organisation’s objectives on time, to appropriate performance standards, within budget, efficiently, effectively and in compliance with the law. These Guidelines explain in detail how to develop internal control in public sector organisations and how to assess the quality of existing systems. They are intended to guide ministries of finance and public sector managers in EU candidate countries and potential candidates, but could also be used by other administrations interested in assessing or improving their management and control systems.
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  • 198
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Adverse Outcome Pathways no.11
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This AOP begins with the interaction of chemicals to the picrotoxin binding site of the ionotropic GABA receptor complex causing blockage of the ion channel. As a result, decrease in inward chloride conductance occurs, followed by a reduction in postsynaptic inhibition, reflected as reduced frequency and amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic current or abolishment of GABA-induced firing action. Consequently, the resistance of excitatory neurons to fire is decreased, resulting in the generation of a large excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) that causes voltage-gated Na+ to open, which results in action potentials. The depolarisation is followed by a period of hyper-polarisation mediated by Ca2+-dependent K+ channels or GABA-activated Cl− influx, which becomes smaller, gradually disappears, and is replaced by a depolarisation known as “paroxysmal depolarizing shift” (PDS). A PDS is an indication of epilepsy at the cellular level and initiates the adverse outcome at the organismal level of epileptic seizure.
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  • 199
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.30
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: The population in OECD countries is ageing rapidly, which will have significant macroeconomic impacts, including on public expenditure and tax revenues. This paper analyses the consequences of population ageing at the sub-central government (SCG) levels and introduces the ‘SCG fiscal vulnerability to ageing’ indicator. This indicator identifies the countries in which SCGs on average are “vulnerable” to the ageing of their population from a fiscal perspective (both from the expenditure and revenue side). The paper posits that the economic and fiscal consequences of an ageing population goes beyond the central-SCG boundaries. Therefore, in order to make fiscal frameworks “ageing-resilient”, countries require a coherent fiscal strategy, which focuses on tax and spending reforms, with a whole-of-government approach that brings together central governments and SCGs.
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  • 200
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2019/02
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: The Modalities, Procedures and Guidelines (MPGs) adopted at COP24 in Katowice lay out rules for reporting and reviewing information under the Enhanced Transparency Framework of the Paris Agreement. The Katowice decision on the MPGs requests the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) to develop Common Tabular Formats (CTFs) for the reporting of information on, inter alia, financial support provided, mobilised and received. This paper analyses key issues and options that Parties may wish to consider when developing CTFs for reporting on these elements. The widespread use of CTFs for climate finance reporting could potentially facilitate comparability and aggregation of data and information on financial support in the future. This paper also develops options for CTF tables for the three areas of financial support analysed.
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