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  • Online-Ressource  (35)
  • 1990-1994  (35)
  • 1992  (35)
  • OECD  (20)
  • ebrary, Inc
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  • 1990-1994  (35)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Berlin : W. de Gruyter
    ISBN: 3110121549 , 3110136074 , 9783110121544
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xii, 258 p) , ill
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Palo Alto, Calif ebrary 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: De Gruyter studies in organization 34
    Paralleltitel: Print version Corporate Culture and Organizational Symbolism
    DDC: 302.3/5
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Corporate culture ; Symbolism in organizations ; Organisationskultur ; Organisationshandeln
    Kurzfassung: Corporate Culture and Organizational Symbolism
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Acknowledgements; Part I: The Research Field: Development and Status; 1 The Emergence of the Culture Concept; 2 Why is Organizational Culture so Popular?; 3 The Research Field Today; Part II: Different Theoretical Perspectives; 4 Object Levels; 5 Cultural Phenomena in Organizations; 6 Conventions and Perspectives in the Research Field; Part III: Culture and Symbolism in Practice; 7 Managing Organizational Cultures; 8 Symbolic Management; Part IV: Discussions and Conclusions; 9 The Current Debate; 10 Conclusions, Perspectives and Speculations; References; Index
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. [229]-253) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    URL: Cover
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Berlin : W. de Gruyter
    ISBN: 3110134195 , 9783110860542 , 9783110134193
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (viii, 325 p)
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Palo Alto, Calif ebrary 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Technological innovation and human resources 3
    Paralleltitel: Print version Technology-mediated communication
    DDC: 302.2
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Communication Technological innovations ; Social aspects ; Technology Social aspects ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Kommunikationssystem ; Zukunft ; Kommunikationstechnik ; Sozialverträglichkeit
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and indexes , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    URL: Cover
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Berlin : W. de Gruyter
    ISBN: 0899259030 , 3110131587 , 9783110861402 , 9783110131581
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (x, 514 p)
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Palo Alto, Calif ebrary 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: De Gruyter studies in organization 42
    Paralleltitel: Print version Reworking the world
    DDC: 302.3/5
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Organizational change Cross-cultural studies ; Technological innovations Cross-cultural studies Economic aspects ; Corporate culture Cross-cultural studies ; Industrial organization Cross-cultural studies ; Konferenzschrift 1989 ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift 1989 ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift 1989 ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. [481]-510) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    URL: Cover
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264069961
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 203; Poisson, essai de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 203: Poisson, essai de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The fish are exposed to the test substance preferably for a period of 96 hours. Mortalities are recorded at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours and the concentrations which kill 50 per cent of the fish (LC50) are determined where possible. One or more species may be used, the choice being at the discretion of the testing laboratory. At least seven fishes must be used at each test concentration and in the controls. The test substance should be administered to, at least, five concentrations in a geometric series with a factor preferably not exceeding 2.2. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 100 mg/L. This study includes the observations of fish at least after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The cumulative percentage mortality for each exposure period is plotted against concentration on logarithmic probability paper.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789264070394
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 3
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 302B; Inherent Biodegradability; Zahn-Wellens/ EVPA Test
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 302B: Inherent Biodegradability: Zahn-Wellens/ EVPA Test
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Cette Ligne directrice décrit l'essai de Zahn-Wellens/EMPA. Elle est employée pour déterminer la biodégradabilité inhérente. Un mélange contenant la substance d'essai non-volatile et hydrosoluble, les substances nutritives minérales et une proportion relativement importante de boue activée en milieu aqueux est agité et aéré à 20-25°C à l'obscurité ou sous lumière diffuse, pendant une durée pouvant atteindre 28 jours. Des contrôles, ne contenant que de la boue activée et des substances nutritives minérales mais aucune substance d'essai, sont réalisés en parallèle. La capacité fonctionnelle de la boue activée est étudiée grâce à l’utilisation d’un composé de référence (éthylèneglycol, diéthylèneglycol, laurylsulfonate ou aniline). Les récipients d’un essai-type sont au nombre de 1 ou 2 pour la suspension d'essai et pour le témoin avec inoculum et 1 pour le contrôle de procédure. Le processus de biodégradation est suivi en déterminant la Demande Chimique en Oxygène (DCO) ou par dosage du Carbone Organique Dissous (COD) dans les échantillons filtrés, prélevés quotidiennement ou à d'autres intervalles de temps. Il est obligatoire de suivre le COD dans la suspension d'essai et les témoins avec inoculum en parallèle. Le pourcentage de biodégradation au moment de la prise d'échantillon est donné par le rapport du COD éliminé (ou DCO) (ce dernier étant corrigé de la valeur obtenue dans le témoin), après chaque intervalle de temps, sur la teneur initiale en COD. Ce pourcentage est porté sur un graphique en fonction du temps pour donner la courbe de biodégradation. L'essai est considéré valide, si le contrôle de la procédure montre qu'au moins 70% de la substance de référence ont été éliminés en 14 jours et si la diminution du COD (ou de la DCO) dans la suspension d'essai se fait graduellement au cours du temps (jours ou semaines), ce qui indique un phénomène de biodégradation.
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264070677
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 406; Skin Sensitisation
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 406: Skin Sensitisation
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Cette méthode fournit des informations sur les dangers pour la santé qui peuvent résulter d’une exposition à une substance d’essai par injection intradermique et/ou une application épidermique. Dans cette Ligne directrice, les méthodes préférées sont le test de maximisation chez le cobaye (GPMT) de Magnusson et Kligman, qui utilise un adjuvant, et le test de Buehler (sans adjuvant). Cette Ligne directrice utilise principalement des cobayes, mais récemment des modèles de souris ont été développés pour évaluer le potentiel de sensibilisation. Pour le GPMT, au moins 10 animaux pour le groupe traité et 5 pour le contrôle doivent être utilisés. Pour le test de Buehler, 20 animaux minimum sont employés dans le groupe traité et au moins 10 pour le contrôle. Les animaux testés sont premièrement exposés à la substance d’essai. Après une période de repos, la période d’induction (10-14 jours), pendant laquelle une réponse immunitaire peut être développée, les animaux sont exposés à une dose déclenchante. Le GPMT dure environ 23-25 jours, le test de Buehler pendant environ 30-32 jours. La concentration de la substance d’essai employée pour chaque induction doit être systématiquement bien tolérée et doit être la plus élevée à causer une irritation moyenne à modérée de la peau ; pour la dose déclenchante la dose non irritante la plus élevée doit être employée. Toutes les réactions cutanées et les résultats inhabituels doivent être observés et notés (d'autres procédures peuvent suivre pour clarifier des réactions douteuses).
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264070660
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 406; Sensibilisation de la peau
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 406: Sensibilisation de la peau
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This method provides information on health hazard likely to arise from exposure to test substance via intradermical injection and/or epidermical application. In this Test Guideline, the methods preferred over other are: the Guinea Pig Maximisation Test (GPMT) of Magnusson and Kligman which uses adjuvant and the non adjuvant Buehler Test. This Test Guideline is intended primarily for use with guinea pig, but recently mouse models for assessing sensitisation potential have been developed. For the GPMT at least 10 animals in the treatment group and 5 in the control group are used. For the Buehler test, a minimum of 20 animals is used in the treatment group and at least 10 animals in the control group. The test animals are initially exposed to the test substance. Following a rest period, the induction period (10-14 days), during which an immune response may develop, then the animals are exposed to a challenge dose. The GPMT is made during approximately 23-25 days, the Buehler test, during approximately 30-32 days. The concentration of test substance used for each induction exposure should be well-tolerated systemically and should be the highest to cause mild-to moderate skin irritation, for the challenge exposure the highest nonirritant dose should be used. All skin reactions and any unusual findings should be observed and recorded (other procedures may be carried out to clarify doubtful reactions).
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789264070110
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 210; Fish, Early-Life Stage Toxicity Test
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 210: Fish, Early-Life Stage Toxicity Test
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: La méthode d'essai décrite dans cette Ligne directrice, est prévue pour définir les effets létaux et sublétaux des produits chimiques sur les premiers stades de vie des espèces examinés. Les premiers stades de vie des poissons sont exposés à, au moins, cinq concentrations de la substance d'essai dissoute dans l'eau, de préférence dans des conditions de renouvellement continu du milieu, ou s'il y a lieu, dans des conditions semi-statiques. L'essai commence en plaçant les oeufs fécondés (au moins 60) dans les chambres d'essai, et continue au moins jusqu'à ce que tous les poissons témoins s’alimentent de façon autonome. Les effets létaux et sublétaux sont évalués et comparés aux valeurs témoin pour déterminer la concentration la plus basse pour laquelle on observe un effet, et la concentration sans effet observé. Le rapport d'étude inclut la mesure des concentrations de la substance d'essai dans l'eau à intervalles réguliers (cinq au moins), de l'oxygène dissous, du pH, la dureté et la salinité totale, du poids et de la longueur des poissons, ainsi que les observations d'apparence anormale, de comportement anormal, de l’éclosion et de la survie.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789264070387
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 302B; Biodégradabilité dite intrinsèque; Essai Zahn-Wellens/EMPA
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 302B: Biodégradabilité dite intrinsèque: Essai Zahn-Wellens/EMPA
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes the Zahn-Wellens/EMPA Test. It is used to determine inherent biodegradability. A mixture containing the non-volatile and water soluble test substance, mineral nutrients and a relatively large amount of activated sludge in aqueous medium is agitated and aerated at 20-25°C in the dark or in diffuse light, for up to 28 days. Blank controls, containing activated sludge and mineral nutrients but no test substance, are run in parallel. The functional capability of the activated sludge is tested using a reference compound (ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, lauryl sulfonate or aniline). In a typical run 1 or 2 vessels for the test suspension and for the inoculum blank, 1 for procedure control are used. The biodegradation process is monitored by determination of DOC, Dissolved Organic Carbon, (or COD, Chemical Oxygen Demand) in filtered samples, taken at daily or other time intervals. It is mandatory to follow DOC in the test suspension and inoculum blanks in parallel. The ratio of eliminated DOC (or COD), corrected for the blank, after each time interval, to the initial DOC value is expressed as the percentage biodegradation at the sampling time. The percentage biodegradation is plotted against time to give the biodegradation curve. The test is considered valid if the procedural control shows the removal of the reference compound by at least 70% within 14d and if DOC (or COD) in the test suspension is removed relatively gradually over days or weeks, since this indicates biodegradation.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264069978
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 203; Fish, Acute Toxicity Test
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 203: Fish, Acute Toxicity Test
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Les poissons sont exposés à la substance d'essai, de préférence pendant une période de 96 heures. Les mortalités sont enregistrées à 24, 48, 72 et 96 heures et les concentrations qui tuent 50% des poissons (CL50) sont déterminées quand cela est possible. Une ou plusieurs espèces peuvent être employées, le choix étant à la discrétion du laboratoire d'essai. Au moins sept poissons doivent être employés à chaque concentration d'essai et dans les contrôles. La substance d'essai devrait être administrée à cinq concentrations, au moins, appartenant à une série géométrique avec un facteur ne dépassant pas de préférence 2,2. L'essai limite correspond à un niveau de dose de 100 mg/l. Cette étude inclut les observations des poissons au moins après 24, 48, 72 et 96 heures. Le pourcentage de mortalité cumulée, pour chaque période d'exposition, est tracé en fonction de la concentration sur du papier log-probit.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789264070493
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (29 p.)
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 3
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 306; Biodegradability in Seawater
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 306: Biodegradability in Seawater
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Cette Ligne directrice décrit deux méthodes pour la biodégradabilité en eau de mer. La méthode du flacon agité consiste en la dissolution d'une quantité prédéterminée de substance d'essai dans le milieu d'essai pour obtenir une concentration de 5-40 mg/l de carbone organique dissous (COD). Cinq flacons, au moins, doivent être utilisés, deux pour la suspension d'essai : deux pour le blanc et un pour le contrôle de la procédure. La solution de la substance d'essai dans le milieu d'essai est incubée, sous agitation, dans l'obscurité ou dans la lumière diffuse, dans des conditions aérobies, à une température fixe qui sera normalement comprise entre 15-20°C. La durée maximum recommandée d'essai est environ 60 jours. La dégradation est suivie des mesures de COD (dégradation finale) et, dans certains cas, d'analyses spécifiques (dégradation primaire). La méthode du flacon fermé consiste en la dilution d'une quantité prédéterminée de substance d'essai dans le milieu d'essai, à une concentration d'habituellement 2-10 mg/l de substance (une ou plusieurs concentrations peuvent être employées). La solution est maintenue dans un flacon rempli fermé, dans l'obscurité, dans un bain-marie ou une enceinte thermostatée entre 15-20°C. La dégradation est suivie en analysant l'oxygène sur une période de 28 jours, mais si la valeur du témoin pour la demande biologique en oxygène reste en dessous d’une limite de 30 %, l'essai pourra être prolongé. Vingt-quatre bouteilles au moins sont utilisées (8 pour la substance d'essai, 8 pour le composé de référence et 8 pour l’eau de mer avec des nutriments). Toutes les analyses sont exécutées en doublon. Quatre déterminations d'oxygène dissous, au moins, sont effectuées (jour 0, 5, 15 et 28) en employant une méthode chimique ou électrochimique.
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264070103
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 210; Poisson, essai de toxicité aux premiers stades de la vie
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 210: Poisson, essai de toxicité aux premiers stades de la vie
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The test method described in this Test Guideline, is intended to define the lethal and sub-lethal effects of chemicals on the early life stages of the species tested. The early-life stages of fish are exposed to ,at least, five concentrations of the test substance dissolved in water, preferably under flow-through conditions, or where appropriate, semi-static conditions. The test starts with placing fertilised eggs (at least 60) in the test chambers and continues at least until all the control fishes are free-feeding. Lethal and sub-lethal effects are assessed and compared with control values to determine the lowest observed effect concentration and the no observed effect concentration. The study report should include measurement of the concentrations of the test substance in water at regular intervals (five at least), the dissolved oxygen, pH, total hardness and salinity, fish weight and length, as well as the observations of abnormal appearance, abnormal behaviour, hatching and survival.
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Mehrsprachig
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.)
    Serie: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: This brochure is published within the framework of the activities of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It comprises comments and illustrations to facilitate the common interpretation of standards in force and is therefore a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in the international trade in these products.
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264070356
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (63 p.)
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 3
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 301; Ready Biodegradability
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 301: Ready Biodegradability
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Cette Ligne directrice décrit six méthodes qui permettent le classement des produits chimiques en fonction de leur biodégradabilité facile en milieu aqueux aérobie. Les méthodes sont l’Essai de disparition du COD, l’Essai de dégagement de CO2 (Essai de Sturm modifié), l’Essai MITI modifié (I) (Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Japon), l’Essai en flacon fermé, l’Essai de « screening » modifié de l'OCDE et l’Essai de respirométrie manométrique. Une solution ou une suspension de la substance d'essai dans un milieu minéral, bien déterminée/décrite, est ensemencée et incubée en aérobie dans l'obscurité ou dans la lumière diffuse. La réalisation en parallèle de témoins avec l'inoculum, mais sans substance d'essai, permet de déterminer l'activité endogène de l'inoculum. Un essai avec un composé de référence (aniline, acétate de sodium ou benzoate de sodium) est réalisé en parallèle pour contrôler la procédure. Normalement, l'essai dure 28 jours. Au moins deux flacons ou récipients contenant la substance d'essai plus l'inoculum, et au moins deux flacons ou récipients contenant l’inoculum seulement doivent être employés ; des récipients uniques suffisent pour le composé de référence. Généralement la dégradation est suivie de la détermination des paramètres tels que le COD, la production de CO2 et la consommation d'oxygène. Les niveaux de passage pour la biodégradabilité facile sont une diminution de 70% du COD et dans le cas des méthodes respirométriques une consommation de 60% de la DThO ou une production de 60% de CO2. Ces valeurs limites doivent être atteintes dans un intervalle de 10 jours au cours de la période des 28 jours de l'essai. Note. La méthode F de l'essai 301 a été corrigée ; cette modification ne concerne que la version française.
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.)
    Serie: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.8
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: This Occasional Paper contains a report by a panel of experts from fourteen OECD Member countries who compared their policies for the employment of persons with disabilities. It is preceded by a preface by a member of the OECD secretariat covering some of the major issues in this regard.
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264070486
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (27 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 306; Biodégradabilité dans l'eau de mer
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 306: Biodégradabilité dans l'eau de mer
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes two methods for biodegradability in seawater. The shake flask method consists on dissolution of a pre-determined amount of the test substance in the test medium to yield a concentration of 5-40 mg/l dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Five flasks, at least, should be used: two for the test suspension, two for the blank and one for procedure control. The solution of the test substance in the test medium is incubated, under agitation in the dark or in diffuse light under aerobic conditions, at a fixed temperature which will normally be within the range 15-20°C. The recommended maximum test duration is about 60 days. Degradation is followed by DOC measurements (ultimate degradation) and, in some cases, by specific analysis (primary degradation). The closed bottle method consists on dissolution of a pre-determined amount of the test substance in the test medium in a concentration of usually 2-10 mg/l (one or more concentrations may be used).The solution is kept in a filled closed bottle in the dark in a constant temperature bath or enclosure controlled within a range of 15-20°C. The degradation is followed by oxygen analyses over a 28-day period but if the blank biological oxygen demand value remains within the 30 per cent limit, the test could be prolonged. Twenty-four bottles at least are used (8 for test substance, 8 for reference compound and 8 for sweater plus nutriment). All analyses are performed on duplicate bottles. Four determinations of dissolved oxygen, at least, are performed (day 0, 5, 15 and 28) using a chemical or electrochemical method.
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  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Serie: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.7
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: This Occasional Paper consists of an introduction, by a member of the Secretariat, giving some general reflections on measures to help reduce long term unemployment, and a report by a group of experts from eleven Member countries and representatives of the Commission of the European Communities in which the diverse national experience is reviewed and compared. The report contains an annex in which the different measures are summarised.
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264070349
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (62 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 301; Biodégradabilité Facile
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 301: Biodégradabilité Facile
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes six methods that permit the screening of chemicals for ready biodegradability in an aerobic aqueous medium. The methods are: the DOC Die-Away, the CO2 Evolution (Modified Sturm Test), the MITI (I) (Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Japan), the Closed Bottle, the Modified OECD Screening and the Manometric Respirometry. A solution, or suspension, of the test substance, well determined/described, in a mineral medium is inoculated and incubated under aerobic conditions in the dark or in diffuse light. The running parallel blanks with inoculum but without test substance permits to determined the endogenous activity of the inoculum. A reference compound (aniline, sodium acetate or sodium benzoate) is run in parallel to check the operation of the procedures. Normally, the test lasts for 28 days. At least two flasks or vessels containing the test substance plus inoculum, and at least two flasks or vessels containing inoculum only should be used; single vessels are sufficient for the reference compound. In general, degradation is followed by the determination of parameters such as DOC, CO2 production and oxygen uptake. The pass levels for ready biodegradability are 70% removal of DOC and 60% of ThOD or ThCO2 production for respirometric methods. These pass values have to be reached in a 10-d window within the 28-d period of the test.
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  • 19
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.)
    Serie: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.9
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: All countries in Central and Eastern Europe are experiencing a switch from labour hoarding to labour shedding with rapidly rising unemployment. Identifying each country's specific labour market problems - in particular, those groups which are most vulnerable to unemployment - will be essential for developing appropriate policies. Based on detailed statistical information being collected by the OECD, this paper provides an overview of labour markets in Central and Eastern Europe, both prior to and since the start of the transition process. Section I of this paper describes the main characteristics of employment and wage structures which have been inherited from the former centrally-planned system in Central and Eastern Europe and also analyses longer-run demographic and labour force trends. Section II discusses more recent labour market developments, including the nature of employment losses, job creation in the private sector and the characteristics of the unemployed. Finally, some specific recommendations are provided on how to improve monitoring systems of labour market developments in these countries.
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  • 20
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    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: OECD Economic Outlook: Statistics and Projections
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE No. 51 (Édition 1992/1)
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Economic Outlook online database provides historical trends and future projections for a range of economic statistics. These include demand and gross domestic product (GDP), deflators and prices, general government accounts, households and business sectors, labour market, financial data, foreign exchange market, balance of payments, supply block, oil market and other raw materials.
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  • 21
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    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: OECD Economic Outlook: Statistics and Projections
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE No. 52 (Édition 1992/2)
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Economic Outlook online database provides historical trends and future projections for a range of economic statistics. These include demand and gross domestic product (GDP), deflators and prices, general government accounts, households and business sectors, labour market, financial data, foreign exchange market, balance of payments, supply block, oil market and other raw materials.
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  • 22
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    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE : statistiques et projections
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Outlook No. 52 (Edition 1992/2)
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: La base de données des Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE contient des données rétrospectives et des projections pour un éventail de statistiques économiques, telles que : demande et produit intérieur brut (PIB), déflateurs et prix, comptes des administrations publiques, secteur des ménages et des entreprises, marché du travail, données financières, commerce extérieur, balance des paiements, bloc d'offre et marché du pétrole et autres matières premières.
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  • 23
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    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE : statistiques et projections
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Outlook No. 51 (Edition 1992/1)
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: La base de données des Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE contient des données rétrospectives et des projections pour un éventail de statistiques économiques, telles que : demande et produit intérieur brut (PIB), déflateurs et prix, comptes des administrations publiques, secteur des ménages et des entreprises, marché du travail, données financières, commerce extérieur, balance des paiements, bloc d'offre et marché du pétrole et autres matières premières.
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  • 24
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    Berlin : Mouton de Gruyter
    ISBN: 3110128020 , 9783110851847 , 9783110128024
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (234 p) , ill
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Palo Alto, Calif ebrary 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Trends in linguistics 60
    Serie: Studies and monographs
    DDC: 306.4/4
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Languages in contact Congresses ; Sociolinguistics Congresses ; Konferenzschrift
    Anmerkung: Contains papers from the fifth International Tromsø Symposium on Language held at the University of Tromsø in September 1989 , Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    URL: Cover
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  • 25
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789401131209
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xii, 240 p) , ill
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 2 A simple factorial grazing experiment measured on 27 occasions -- 3 A 3 × 3 factorial with quantitative levels -- 4 Definable within-individual comparisons -- 5 Covariance -- 6 Pre-treatment observations in the design of experiments -- 7 Weighted regression, goodness-of-fit and related topics -- 8 Environmental variables -- 9 Correlation between series of random variables -- 10 Response (reaction) times -- Bibliographical note.
    Kurzfassung: There are many excellent books on general statistical methods in agricul­ tural and biological research. These books cover a broad range of methods without going into detail on specialized topics. A number of topics including regression analysis, design of experiments, biological assay and categorical analysis have received in-depth treatment in specialized texts. Little appears in standard textbooks on experiments in which observations form sequences. The live weights of animals during a long-term experiment provide a familiar example of data forming a sequence, but many others occur: for example, moisture content of segments of soil cores, successive counts of insects in an orchard and hormone levels in blood over a period. Correla­ tions are likely to be found among the observations in all these examples. The book by Goldstein (1979) provided the first systematic coverage of the principles involved in longitudinal studies, but is mainly concerned with observational studies on humans. The main aims of this book are to provide research workers with methods of analysing data from comparative experiments with sequential obser­ vations and to demonstrate special features of the design of such experi­ ments. These aims are achieved by working through sets of data.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Introduction2 A simple factorial grazing experiment measured on 27 occasions -- 3 A 3 × 3 factorial with quantitative levels -- 4 Definable within-individual comparisons -- 5 Covariance -- 6 Pre-treatment observations in the design of experiments -- 7 Weighted regression, goodness-of-fit and related topics -- 8 Environmental variables -- 9 Correlation between series of random variables -- 10 Response (reaction) times -- Bibliographical note.
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  • 26
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789401123167
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xix, 460 p) , ill
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 2 The Wiggler Field and Electron Dynamics -- 3 Incoherent Undulator Radiation -- 4 Coherent Emission: Linear Theory -- 5 Coherent Emission: Nonlinear Theory -- 6 Sideband Instabilities -- 7 Coherent harmonic Radiation -- 8 Optical Guiding -- 9 OScillator Configurations -- 10 Electromagnetic-wave Wigglers -- 11 Chaos in Free-electron Lasers -- Author Index.
    Kurzfassung: At the time that we decided to begin work on this book, several other volumes on the free-electron laser had either been published or were in press. The earliest work of which we were aware was published in 1985 by Dr T. C. Marshall of Columbia University [1]. This book dealt with the full range of research on free-electron lasers, including an overview of the extant experiments. However, the field has matured a great deal since that time and, in our judgement, the time was ripe for a more extensive work which includes the most recent advances in the field. The fundamental work in this field has largely been approached from two distinct and, unfortunately, separate viewpoints. On the one hand, free-electron lasers at sub-millimetre and longer wavelengths driven by low-energy and high-current electron beams have been pursued by the plasma physics and microwave tube communities. This work has confined itself largely to the high-gain regimes in which collective effects may play an important role. On the other hand, short-wavelength free-electron lasers in the infrared and optical regimes have been pursued by the accelerator and laser physics community. Due to the high-energy and low-current electron beams appropriate to this spectral range, these experiments have operated largely in the low-gain single-particle regimes. The most recent books published on the free-electron laser by Dr C. A.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Introduction2 The Wiggler Field and Electron Dynamics -- 3 Incoherent Undulator Radiation -- 4 Coherent Emission: Linear Theory -- 5 Coherent Emission: Nonlinear Theory -- 6 Sideband Instabilities -- 7 Coherent harmonic Radiation -- 8 Optical Guiding -- 9 OScillator Configurations -- 10 Electromagnetic-wave Wigglers -- 11 Chaos in Free-electron Lasers -- Author Index.
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  • 27
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789401131285
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (viii, 421 p) , ill
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: One Systems -- 1 Overview of manufacturing systems analysis in the technological age -- 2 Systems concepts -- Two Manufacturing -- 3 A conceptual model of a manufacturing system -- Three Systems Engineering -- 4 The general systems approach to problem-solving -- 5 Computer simulation in manufacturing systems analysis -- Four Manufacturing Systems -- 6 A design and evaluation methodology of manufacturing systems -- Appendices -- A Survey of traditional and current methods used for production planning and control of manufacturing systems -- A.1 Overview of production planning and control -- A.2 Traditional methodologies -- A.3 Integrated production planning and control -- A.4 Conclusion -- B Sample company document defining the system requirements for the control of supplies and services -- B.1 Introduction -- B.2 Objective -- B.3 Requirement of quality system -- C The PCModel instruction set -- C.1 Object movement -- C.2 Routeing control -- C.3 Arithmetic operation -- C.4 Data input/output -- References.
    Kurzfassung: A technological book is written and published for one of two reasons: it either renders some other book in the same field obsolete or breaks new ground in the sense that a gap is filled. The present book aims to do the latter. On my return from industry to an academic career, I started writing this book because I had seen that a gap existed. Although a great deal of information appeared in the published literature about various technical aspects of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT), surprisingly little had been written about the systems con­ text within which the sophisticated hardware and software of AMT are utilized to increase efficiency. Therefore, I have attempted in this book to show how structured approaches in the design and evaluation of modern manufacturing plant may be adopted, with the objective of improving the performance of the factory as a whole. I hope this book will be a contribution to the newly recognized, multidisciplinary engineering function known as manufacturing sys­ tems engineering. The text has been designed specifically to demonstrate the systems aspects of modern manufacturing operations, including: systems con­ cepts of manufacturing operation; manufacturing systems modelling and evalua­ tion; and the structured design of manufacturing systems~ One of the major difficulties associated with writing a text of this nature stems from the diversity of the topics involved. I have attempted to solve this problem by adopting an overall framework into which the relevant topics are fitted.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: One Systems1 Overview of manufacturing systems analysis in the technological age -- 2 Systems concepts -- Two Manufacturing -- 3 A conceptual model of a manufacturing system -- Three Systems Engineering -- 4 The general systems approach to problem-solving -- 5 Computer simulation in manufacturing systems analysis -- Four Manufacturing Systems -- 6 A design and evaluation methodology of manufacturing systems -- Appendices -- A Survey of traditional and current methods used for production planning and control of manufacturing systems -- A.1 Overview of production planning and control -- A.2 Traditional methodologies -- A.3 Integrated production planning and control -- A.4 Conclusion -- B Sample company document defining the system requirements for the control of supplies and services -- B.1 Introduction -- B.2 Objective -- B.3 Requirement of quality system -- C The PCModel instruction set -- C.1 Object movement -- C.2 Routeing control -- C.3 Arithmetic operation -- C.4 Data input/output -- References.
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  • 28
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789401129084
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xv, 234 p) , ill
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophy and Medicine 41
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; medicine Philosophy ; Medicine ; Medical ethics ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy. ; Religion. ; Medical sciences. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Ethics. ; Medicine—History.
    Kurzfassung: The book is an effort, from within the tradition of Catholic moral theology and philosophy, to examine issues which are raised by the possibilities of medical treatment for those patients who are dying. The book looks at possible issues for newborns, the elderly, and those, at any age, with terminal disease such as AIDS. The book examines specific moral issues such as when death occurs, the extent of obligations to treat patients, and the notion of `responsibility' towards such patients. From the Foreword by Edmund D. Pellegrino: `This new Catholic Studies in Bioethics series, inaugurated with this volume, is a welcome addition to the expanding world literature in biomedical ethics. It offers a forum in which qualified scholars in the Roman Catholic tradition may present their critical reflections for Catholics and non-Catholics alike. Edited as it is by a panel of international scholars, the new series promises to reach a wide audience among theologians, health professionals, and moral philosophers.'
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789401126144
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xii, 341 p)
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 40
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Philosophy, medieval ; Philosophy, modern ; Logic. ; Philosophy, Medieval. ; Philosophy, Modern.
    Kurzfassung: One On the Types of Sentences -- Two On Retracted Sentences -- Three On the Relative Extensions of Modally Qualified Terms -- Four On Consequences by Virtue of the Part and the Whole -- Five On Consequences by Virtue of Subalternation and Obversion -- Six On Consequences by Virtue of the Placement and Removal of Relational Particles and Prepositions -- Seven On Consequences by Virtue of the Placement and Removal of Modes -- Eight On Consequences by Virtue of the Conversion of Sentences -- Nine On the Modality of Consequences by Virtue of the Conversion of Sentences -- Ten On the Extension of Terms in Sentences -- One on the Conditions of the Syllogism -- Two on the Relationship between the Premises and the Conclusion of the Syllogism -- Three on the First Figure -- Four on the Second Figure -- Five on the Third Figure -- Six on the Fourth Figure -- Seven on Sorites -- Eight on the Conditions of Syllogisms with Modes, Particles, and Retracted Terms -- Nine on Syllogisms with Necessary Premises -- Ten on Syllogisms with Assertoric Premises -- Eleven on Syllogisms with Possible Premises -- Twelve on Syllogisms Mixed from Necessary and Assertoric Premises -- Thirteen on Syllogisms Mixed from Necessary and Possible Premises -- Fourteen on Syllogisms Mixed from Assertoric and Possible Premises -- Commentary -- Excursus Aristotle’s Modal Syllogistic and Averroes’ Theory of Modalized Terms -- Works Cited In Commentary And Excursus -- Hebrew-EngLish Glossary -- English-HeBrew Glossary -- Selected BIbliography.
    Kurzfassung: In the great libraries of Europe and the United States, hidden in fading manuscripts on forgotten shelves, lie the works of medieval Hebrew logic. From the end of the twelfth century through the Renaissance, Jews wrote and translated commentaries and original compositions in Aristotelian logic. One can say without exaggeration that wherever Jews studied philosophy - Spain, France, Northern Africa, Germany, Palestine - they began their studies with logic. Yet with few exceptions, the manuscripts that were catalogued in the last century have failed to arouse the interest of modem scholars. While the history of logic is now an established sub-discipline of the history of philosophy, the history of Hebrew logic is only in its infancy. The present work contains a translation and commentary of what is arguably the greatest work of Hebrew logic, the Sefer ha-Heqqesh ha-Yashar (The Book of the Correct Syllogism) of Levi ben Gershom (Gersonides; 1288-1344). Gersonides is well known today as a philosopher, astronomer, mathematician, and biblical exegete. But in the Middle Ages he was also famous for his prowess as a logician. The Correct Syllogism is his attempt to construct a theory of the syllogism that is free of what he considers to be the 'mistakes' of Aristotle, as interpreted by the Moslem commentator A verroes. It is an absorbing, challenging work, first written by Gersonides when he was merely thirty-one years old, then significantly revised by him. The translation presented here is of the revised version.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789401127738
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (x, 345 p) , ill
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The GeoJournal Library 21
    DDC: 551.46
    Schlagwort(e): Geography ; Hydraulic engineering ; Meteorology ; Oceanography ; Ecology ; Environmental toxicology
    Kurzfassung: This volume presents a collection of original, multidisciplinary papers written by leading scientists from the various countries of the Pacific rim. The major topics covered are the origins of life in the marine environment; the changing distribution of biological parameters; hydrophysical and hydrochemical processes; and the exploitation of ocean resources and the ensuing consequences. The material is divided into five parts. The Introduction (Part I) gives a comprehensive overview of the research activities of the IOC and related organisations. The following four parts of the book comprise a number of survey papers which deal with specific aspects of marine science in the Pacific Ocean. For researchers and decision makers interested in marine and environmental science with an emphasis on the Pacific Ocean
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  • 31
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789401125949
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xiii, 411 p) , ill
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 136
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Humanities ; Science—Philosophy. ; History.
    Kurzfassung: Sciences et Empires: un thème promètteur, des enjeux cruciaux -- Welcome Address -- For a New Historiographical Approach of the So-called “Traditional Knowledge” -- Science classique et science moderne à l’époque de l’expansion de la science européenne -- Integration Problems: Introductory Report -- Ottomans and European Science -- The “Oriental-Occidental Controversy” of 1839 and its Impact on Indian Science -- The Colonial “Model” and the Emergence of National Science in India: 1876–1920 -- Integration Problems: Discussion -- Western Mathematics in China, Seventeenth Century and Nineteenth Century -- The Reception of Western Medicine in China: Examples from Yunnan -- Du “zira” au “mètre”: une transformation métrologique dans l’Empire Ottoman -- Models of European Scientific Expansion: a Comparative Description of “Classical” Medical Science at the Time of Introduction of European Medical Science to Sri Lanka, and Subsequent Development to Present -- Technical Content and Social Context: Locating Technical Institutes. The First Two Decades in the History of the Kala Bhavan, Baroda (1890–1910) -- The First Chair of Chemistry in Mexico (1796–1810) -- Trade and the Natural Sciences in the United States of Columbia -- Science et pouvoir au XIXe siècle: la France et le Mexique en perspective -- Le positivisme et la science au Brésil -- Les débuts de la physique mathématique et théorique au Brésil et 1’influence de la tradition française -- Brazilian Museums of Natural History and International Exchanges in the Transition to the 20th Century -- The Pan American Experiment in Eugenics -- Typologie des stratégies d’expansion en sciences exactes -- Sciences exactes et politique extérieure -- World-Science: How Is the History of World-Science to Be Written? -- Science and the Japanese Empire 1868–1945: An Overview -- Science and Nationalism in New Granada on the Eve of the Revolution of Independence -- Models of European Scientific Expansion: the Ottoman Empire as a Source of Evidence -- Problems in Science Administration: a Study of the Scientific Surveys in British India 1757–1900 -- Natural History in Colonial Context: Profit or Pursuit? British Botanical Enterprise in India 1778–1820 -- The Société Zoologique d’Acclimatation and the New French Empire: Science and Political Economy -- Patriarchal Science: the Network of the Overseas Pasteur Institutes -- Géographie et colonisation en France durant la Troisième République (1870–1940) -- La France et l’émergence des sciences modernes au Canada français (1900–1940) -- Autour de la mission française pour la création de l’Université de São Paulo (1934) -- Yvon Chatelin -- José Leite Lopes -- Abdur Rahman -- Nakayama Shigeru -- Juan-José Saldaña -- Jean-Jacques Salomon -- José Israël Vargas -- Unpublished Communications.
    Kurzfassung: SCIENCE AND EMPIRES: FROM THE INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM TO THE BOOK Patrick PETITJEAN, Catherine JAMI and Anne Marie MOULIN The International Colloquium "Science and Empires - Historical Studies about Scientific De­ velopment and European Expansion" is the product of an International Colloquium, "Sciences and Empires - A Comparative History of Scien­ tific Exchanges: European Expansion and Scientific Development in Asian, African, American and Oceanian Countries". Organized by the REHSEIS group (Research on Epistemology and History of Exact Sciences and Scientific Institutions) of CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research), the colloquium was held from 3 to 6 April 1990 in the UNESCO building in Paris. This colloquium was an idea of Professor Roshdi Rashed who initiated this field of studies in France some years ago, and proposed "Sciences and Empires" as one of the main research programmes for the The project to organize such a colloquium was a bit REHSEIS group. of a gamble. Its subject, reflected in the title "Sciences and Empires", is not a currently-accepted sub-discipline of the history of science; rather, it refers to a set of questions which found autonomy only recently. The terminology was strongly debated by the participants and, as is frequently suggested in this book, awaits fuller clarification.
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  • 32
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789401127226
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (ix, 320 p)
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Suppl.: Rezensiert in Klaits, Joseph [Rezension von: Harline, Craig E., The Rhyme and Reason of Politics in Early Modern Europe: Collected Essays of Herbert H. Rowen] 1994
    Serie: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées 132
    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; History ; Social sciences ; History. ; Social sciences. ; Political science.
    Kurzfassung: This volume brings together the best essays and reviews of Herbert H. Rowen, professor emeritus of Rutgers University, foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, and one of the first important English-speaking historians of the Dutch Republic since John Lothrop Motley. Many of the essays, though published previously, have not been readily available, while several appear here for the first time. They include close analysis of the Dutch Republic, French absolutism, the eighteenth-century Republic and the Atlantic Revolutions, and direct and indirect commentary on the task of the historian more generally. Also included are three essays and several reviews about the work of Herbert Rowen, which assess his particular contribution to historical studies. The leading characteristics of that work are reflected in the title of this collection: clarity and ease of expression, rigor of thought, and a focus on the intersection of political thought and practice in the early modern period
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  • 33
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9780585283333
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (viii, 312 p) , ill
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophy and Medicine 40
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; medicine Philosophy ; Medicine ; Medical ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Ethics. ; Medicine—History. ; Bioethics.
    Kurzfassung: A major focus of the philosophy of medicine and, in general, of the philosophy of science has been the interplay of facts and values. Nowhere is an evaluation of this interplay more important than in the ethics of diagnosis. Traditionally, diagnosis has been understood as an epistemological activity which is concerned with facts and excludes the intrusion of values. The essays in this volume challenge this assumption. Questions of knowledge in diagnosis are intimately related to the concerns with intervention that characterize the applied science of medicine. Broad social and individual goals, as well as diverse ethical frameworks, are shown to condition both the processes and results of diagnosis. This has significant implications for bioethics, implications that have not previously been developed. With this volume, `the ethics of diagnosis' is established as an important branch of bioethics
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  • 34
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    New York, NY : Springer US | New York, NY : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9781461546597
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 v) , ill
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Factors Shaping and Shaped by the Environment: 1990–2010 -- 2. Protecting the Environment: A Research Strategy for the 1990s—An Indicator of Change in EPA -- 3. Using Environmental Indicators for Policy and Regulatory Decisions -- 4. Ecological Indicators of Marine Condition (abstract only) -- 5. Ecological Forecasting: ‘What For?’ -- 6. Indicators of the Causes of Ecological Impacts or ‘What’s Causing the Global Environmental Crisis?’ -- 7. Earth Day Plus 20: Rediscovering Ecology -- 8. Global Indicators: What the People Expect -- 9. Evolution of Indicators of Ecosystem Health -- 10. Indicators in Regional Ecological Monitoring and Risk Assessment -- 11. Indicator Selection: A Key Element in Monitoring System Design -- 12. Thermodynamics and Measures of Ecological Integrity -- 13. Indicators of Ecosystem Integrity -- 14. Ecological Indicators and Ecological Modelling -- 15. Choosing Ecological Indicators: Effect of Taxonomic Aggression on Sensitivity to Stress and Natural Variability -- 16. Biomarkers of Environmental Exposure and Multivariate Approaches for Assessment and Monitoring -- 17. The Application of In-situ Bioassays as Ecological Indicators for Assessing River Quality -- 18. Ecological Monitoring of Fish Assemblages in Tennessee River Reservoirs -- 19. Contribution of Fish Community Metrics to the Index of Biotic Integrity in Two Ozark Rivers -- 20. Lake and Stream Indicators for the US EPAs Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program -- 21. Ecological Indicators of Temperate Forest Ecosystem Condition -- 22. The Visual Damage Survey: A Study to Evaluate the Eastern Forest Condition -- 23. Identification and Use of Plant Species as Ecological Indicators of Air Pollution Stress in National Park Units -- 24. Biological Diversity Assessment in Glacier National Park, Montana: I. Sampling Design -- 25. Toxic Effects Monitoring in Baltic Sea Coastal Areas -- 26. National Status and Trends Program: Chemical and Biological Monitoring of U.S. Coastal Waters -- 27. Benthic Communities as Indicators of Ecosystem Condition (abstract only) -- 28. Evaluation of Bioindicators of Contaminant Exposure and Effects in Coastal Ecosystems -- 29. Monitoring Nitrogen and Indicators of Nitrogen Loading to Support Management Action in Buzzards Bay -- 30. Ecological Indicators for Ecological Engineering in Wetlands -- 31. Coupling Wetlands Structure and Function: Developing a Condition Index for Wetlands Monitoring -- 32. Choices in Monitoring Wetlands -- 33. Indicators of Flooding Derived From Aerial Photography in Northern Prairie Wetlands -- 34. Indicators of Environmental Stress in Wetland Plants -- 35. Indicators of the Ecological Status of Agroecosystems -- 36. The Soil Conservation Services New Water Quality Indicators Guide (a summary) -- 37. The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) as an Ecological Indicator for Agricultural and Forest Systems -- 38. Testing a Biological System for Indicating Ozone in Minnesota -- 39. Site-Specific and Regional Monitoring with Honey Bees: Case Study Comparisons -- 40. The Vulnerability of Agricultural Systems to Ecological and Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa (a summary) -- 41. Ecological Indicator Strategy for Monitoring Arid Ecosystems -- 42. Ecological Indicators in a Desert/Grassland Transition -- 43. Monitoring the Condition of Australian Arid Lands: Linked Plant-Soil Indicators -- 44. Cryptogamic Crusts as Potential Indicators of Disturbance in Semi-Arid Landscapes -- 45. Spatial Modeling and Landscape Characterization of an African Pastoral Ecosystem: A Prototype Model and its Potential Use for Monitoring Drought.
    Kurzfassung: Today environmental problems of unprecedented magnitude confront planet earth. The sobering fact is that a whole range of human activities is affecting our global environment as profoundly as the billions of years of evolution that preceded our tenure on Earth. The pressure on vital natural resources in the developing world and elsewhere is intense, and the destruction of tropical forests, wildlife habitat, and other irreplaceable resources, is alarming. Climate change, ozone depletion, loss of genetic diversity, and marine pollution are critical global environmental concerns. Their cumulative impact threatens to destroy the planet's natural resources. The need to address this situation is urgent. More than at any previous moment in history, nature and ecological systems are in human hands, dependent on human efforts. The earth is an interconnected and interdependent global ecosystem, and change in one part of the system often causes unexpected change in other parts. Atmospheric, oceanic, wetland, terrestrial and other ecological systems have a finite capacity to absorb the environmental degradation caused by human behavior. The need for an environmentally sound, sustainable economy to ease this degradation is evident and urgent. Policies designed to stimulate economic development by foregoing pollution controls both destroy the long-term economy and ravage the environment. Over the years, we have sometimes drawn artificial distinctions between the health of individuals and the health of ecosystems. But in the real world, those distinctions do not exist.
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  • 35
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    New York : Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
    ISBN: 9781461535287
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (xxii, 456 p) , ill
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Electronic circuits. ; Industrial engineering. ; Production engineering. ; Electrical engineering. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: I—Overview -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Interdisciplinary Approach -- II—Basic Technologies -- 3 Chemical and Physical Characteristics -- 4 Metallurgical Aspects -- 5 Rheology of Solder Pastes -- III—Methodologies and Applications -- 6 Application Techniques -- 7 Soldering Methodologies -- 8 Cleaning -- IV—Reliability, Quality Control, and Tests -- 9 Solder Joint Reliability and Inspection -- 10 Special Topics in Surface Mount Soldering Problems and Other Soldering-Related Problems -- 11 Quality Assurance and Tests -- V—Future Tasks and Emerging Trends -- 12 Future Developments -- VI—Appendix -- I. Federal Specification QQ-S-571E and Amendment 4 -- II. Ternary Phase Diagram: Pb-Ag-Sn, Sn-Pb-Bi -- III. Military Specification MIL-P-28809A: Printed Wiring Assemblies -- IV. Quantitative Determination of Rosin Residues on Cleaned Electronics Assemblies.
    Kurzfassung: One of the strongest trends in the design and manufacture of modern electronics packages and assemblies is the utilization of surface mount technology as a replacement for through-hole tech­ nology. The mounting of electronic devices and components onto the surface of a printed wiring board or other substrate offers many advantages over inserting the leads of devices or components into holes. From the engineering viewpoint, much higher lead counts with shorter wire and interconnection lengths can be accommo­ dated. This is critical in high performance modern electronics packaging. From the manufacturing viewpoint, the application of automated assembly and robotics is much more adaptable to high lead count surface mounted devices and components. Indeed, the insertion of high lead count parts into fine holes on a substrate might often be nearly impossible. Yet, in spite of these surface mounting advantages, the utilization of surface mount technology is often a problem, primarily due to soldering problems. The most practical soldering methods use solder pastes, whose intricacies are frequently not understood by most of those involved in the engineering and manufacture of electronics assemblies. This publication is the first book devoted exclusively to explanations of the broad combination of the chemical, metallurgical, and rheological principles that are critical to the successful use of solder pastes. The critical relation­ ships between these characteristics are clearly explained and pre­ sented. In this excellent presentation, Dr. Hwang highlights three impor­ tant areas of solder paste technology.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I-Overview1 Introduction -- 2 Interdisciplinary Approach -- II-Basic Technologies -- 3 Chemical and Physical Characteristics -- 4 Metallurgical Aspects -- 5 Rheology of Solder Pastes -- III-Methodologies and Applications -- 6 Application Techniques -- 7 Soldering Methodologies -- 8 Cleaning -- IV-Reliability, Quality Control, and Tests -- 9 Solder Joint Reliability and Inspection -- 10 Special Topics in Surface Mount Soldering Problems and Other Soldering-Related Problems -- 11 Quality Assurance and Tests -- V-Future Tasks and Emerging Trends -- 12 Future Developments -- VI-Appendix -- I. Federal Specification QQ-S-571E and Amendment 4 -- II. Ternary Phase Diagram: Pb-Ag-Sn, Sn-Pb-Bi -- III. Military Specification MIL-P-28809A: Printed Wiring Assemblies -- IV. Quantitative Determination of Rosin Residues on Cleaned Electronics Assemblies.
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