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  • 1990-1994  (98)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1990  (98)
  • Dordrecht : Springer
Material
Language
Years
Year
  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0304-4092
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
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  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Den Haag : Junk ; 5.1957 -
    ISSN: 0077-0639
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 5.1957 -
    Additional Information: 18=1; 19=2 von Biogeography and ecology in South America The Hague, 1968
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Monographiae biologicae
    Former Title: Vorg. Physiologia comparata et oecologia
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Physiologie ; Medizin
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  • 3
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer | Dordrecht : Springer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift
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  • 4
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , ISSN 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
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  • 5
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
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  • 6
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Leiden : Brill | 's-Gravenhage : Mouton | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht : Kluwer | Dordrecht : Springer ; 1.1957 -
    ISSN: 0019-7246 , 1572-8536
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1957 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Indo-Iranian journal
    RVK:
    Keywords: Indoiranisch ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Indoiranisch ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Index 1/20.1957/78=26.1983,1/3
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  • 7
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
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  • 8
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
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  • 9
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Kluwer | Dordrecht : Springer ; 1.1974 -
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    ISSN: 0304-2421 , 1573-7853 , 1573-7853
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Theory and society
    RVK:
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Index 1/10.1974/81 in: 10.1981,6; 11/19.1982/90 in: 19.1990,6
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  • 10
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer ; 1.1971 -
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    ISSN: 0167-7276
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1971 -
    Additional Information: 3=2; 5=3 von International Husserl and Phenomenological Research Society Papers and debate of the ... international conference held by the International Husserl and Phenomenological Research Society Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel, 1974
    Additional Information: 7=5 von International Phenomenology Conference (ZDB) Selected papers from the ... International Phenomenology Conference Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel, 1975
    Additional Information: 6=4; 9=6 von International Phenomenology Conference (ZDB) Papers read at the International Phenomenology Conference Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel, 1977
    Additional Information: 2=[1] von International Phenomenological Conference (ZDB) Papers and debate of the International Phenomenological Conference Dordrecht : Reidel Publishing, 1972
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Analecta Husserliana
    Former Title: Vorg. Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung
    DDC: 100
    RVK:
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Husserl, Edmund 1859-1938 ; Phänomenologie
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  • 11
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht : Reidel | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1987 -
    ISSN: 0921-3384 , 2352-2119 , 2352-2119
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1987 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Theory and decision library / A
    Former Title: Philosophy and methodology of the social sciences
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig
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  • 12
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer ; 1.1974 -
    ISSN: 0921-8599 , 0169-7323
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 -
    Additional Information: 11=1 von Jerusalem Philosophical Encounter (ZDB) Papers presented at the ... Jerusalem Philosophical Encounter Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer Acad. Publ., 1978 0333-5135
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Philosophical studies series
    Former Title: Philosophical studies series in philosophy
    Former Title: an international journal for philosophy in the analytic tradition
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 13
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Den Haag : Junk ; 5.1957 -
    ISSN: 0077-0639
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 5.1957 -
    Additional Information: 18=1; 19=2 von Biogeography and ecology in South America The Hague, 1968
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Monographiae biologicae
    Former Title: Vorg. Physiologia comparata et oecologia
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Physiologie ; Medizin
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  • 14
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1974 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0304-2421 , 1573-7853 , 1573-7853
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Theory and society
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    Keywords: Sozialwissenschaft ; Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Theorie ; Soziologische Theorie ; Logik der Sozialwissenschaft ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Index 1/10.1974/81 in: 10.1981,6; 11/19.1982/90 in: 19.1990,6
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  • 15
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
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  • 16
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Den Haag : Junk ; 5.1957 -
    ISSN: 0077-0639
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 5.1957 -
    Additional Information: 18=1; 19=2 von Biogeography and ecology in South America The Hague, 1968
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Monographiae biologicae
    Former Title: Vorg. Physiologia comparata et oecologia
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Physiologie ; Medizin
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  • 17
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
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  • 18
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer ; 1.1990 -
    ISSN: 0925-6733
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1990 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Issues in business ethics
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig
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  • 19
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
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  • 20
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , ISSN 1573-0786 , ISSN 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
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  • 21
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Cham, Switzerland : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer Acad. Publ. | Dordrecht : Springer ; 1.1985 -
    ISSN: 1572-4395
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1985 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Law and philosophy library
    Former Title: L & PL
    Former Title: LAPS
    DDC: 340
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 22
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer ; 1.1984 -
    ISSN: 0924-5499
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1984 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The GeoJournal library
    DDC: 550
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400906334
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (328p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Business and Economics
    Series Statement: Studies in Operational Regional Science 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Human Geography
    Abstract: 1. Wayfinding: Choice and Search -- 1.1 Personal Experience or Alternative Introduction -- 1.2 Scope -- 1.3 Relevance of Route Choice Behavior Research -- 1.4 Structure of the Book -- 2. Route Choice Behavior Theory -- 2.1 Basic Definitions -- 2.2 Basic Assumptions -- 2.3 Spatial Behavior -- 2.4 Travel Behavior -- 2.5 Route Choice Behavior -- 3. Elements of Route Choice Behavior -- 3.1 Learning Networks -- 3.2 Choice Set Formation -- 3.3 Route Choice Factors -- 3.4 Perception of Route Attributes -- 3.5 Evaluation of Routes and Choice Decision -- 3.6 Route Choice Dynamics -- 3.7 Route Choice in a Network Equilibrium Perspective -- 3.8 The Role of Experience -- 4. Observations of Route Choice Behavior -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Observation Methods -- 4.3 Observations of Individual Behavior -- 4.4 Observations of Choice Situations -- 4.5 Actual Route Paths -- 5. Route Choice Models -- 5.1 Modeling Approaches -- 5.2 Choice Set Generation Models -- 5.3 Random Utility Models -- 5.4 Production Rule Systems -- 6. Applications -- 6.1 Review of Practice and Potential -- 6.2 Estimation of Traffic Volumes -- 6.3 Traffic Assignment -- 6.4 Traffic Management Schemes -- 6.5 Design of Networks and Facilities -- 6.6 Route Guidance Systems -- 7. Future Prospects -- 7.1 Congestion — How Much Can We Take? -- 7.2 Route Choice and Congestion Relief -- Author Index -- Credits.
    Abstract: With the ever increasing number of opportunities, in every aspect of modem life, making choices becomes part of our daily routine. It is thus only natural that social scientists have started to study human choice behavior. Early efforts focused on modeling aggregate choice patterns of home buyers, shoppers, travelers, and others. Later studies, aiming to achieve more realistic results, have concentrated on simula­ ting disaggregate behavior. The most recent approach in choice research is the so-called Discrete Choice Modeling. It is a front-line area mainly in contemporary transportation, geography, and behavioral research. It focuses on individuals' decision-making processes regarding the choice of destinations, modes, departure times, and routes. Considerable research has been done on identifying and quantify­ ing the general rules governing the individuals' choice behavior, but to the best of our knowledge there is no single book that solely deals with route choice. The study of travelers' route choice in networks is primarily oriented towards gaining insight into their spatial choice behavior. How do people choose routes in a network, what do they know, what do they look for, which road characteristics playa role? On the basis of this information it is possible to design quantitative models aimed at predicting the use of routes dependent on the characteristics of the routes, those of the surrounding environment, and those of the travelers. In this way, traffic flows in the network can be calculated and the network performance can be evaluated.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789401736497
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 460 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: La philosophie contemporaine / Contemporary philosophy, Chroniques nouvelles / A new survey 6
    Series Statement: Contemporary Philosophy: A New Survey 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy, medieval ; Science—Philosophy. ; Religion.
    Abstract: Contents/Table des matières/Inhalt -- Philosophy in the Byzantine Empire -- La philosophie grecque de 415 à 750 -- Die byzantinische Philosophie -- Islamic and Jewish Philosophy -- Die arabisch-islamische Philosophie des Mittelalters -- La Philosophie juive -- Medieval Jewish Philosophy -- Sufism in Modern Research -- The Latin Translations -- L’Aristote Latin -- Traductions latines des texts philosophiques arabes -- Language, Logic and Science -- Grammar -- Grammaire -- Logic -- Research in early Medieval Logic -- La lexicographie -- Political Theory -- Politische Theorien -- Medieval Philosophy in East Asia -- The Study of Medieval Philosophy in Japan -- Women’s Studies -- Women’s Studies of the Christian Tradition -- Études relatives aux femmes et à leur rôle dans les cultures musulmanes du Vile and XVe siècles -- Index of names and subjects.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401098823
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (616p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Van Nostrand Reinhold Catalysis Series
    DDC: 541.2254
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymers
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400904057
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 575 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Powder Technology Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 An overview of pneumatic conveying systems and performance -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Why pneumatic conveying? -- 1.3 What can be conveyed? -- 1.4 What constitutes a pneumatic conveying system? -- 1.5 Modes of pneumatic conveying -- 1.6 Basic pneumatic conveying systems -- 1.7 Further classification techniques -- 1.8 Description and operation of a pneumatic conveying system -- 1.9 Putting it all together -- 1.10 An overview -- 1.11 Some useful conversion factors and tables -- References -- 2 Single phase flow in pneumatic conveying systems -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Definitions -- 2.3 Perfect gas laws -- 2.4 Drying of compressed air -- 2.5 The compression process -- 2.6 Gas flow through pipes -- 2.7 Illustrative examples -- References -- 3 Fluid and particle dynamics -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Law of continuity -- 3.3 Drag on a particle -- 3.4 Equations for calculation of relevant properties -- 3.5 Fluidization characteristics of powders -- References -- 4 Fundamentals -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Forces acting on a single particle in an air stream -- 4.3 Particle size -- 4.4 Shape -- 4.5 Dynamic equations -- 4.6 Terminal velocity -- 4.7 Single particle acceleration -- 4.8 Centrifugal flow -- 4.9 Slip velocity in a gravitational field -- 4.10 Multiple particle systems -- 4.11 Voidage and slip velocity -- 4.12 Frictional representations -- 4.13 Acceleration and development regions -- 4.14 Particle distribution in pneumatic conveying -- 4.15 Compressibility effect not negligible -- 4.16 Speed of sound in gas—solid transport -- 4.17 Gas—solid flow with varying cross-sectional area -- 4.18 Branching arrangements -- 4.19 Bend analysis -- 4.20 Downward sloping particle flow -- 4.21 Dense phase transport -- 4.22 Estimation of pressure drop in slugging dense phase conveying -- 4.23 Estimation of pressure drop in non-slugging dense phase conveying -- 4.24 Plug flows -- 4.25 Worked examples -- References -- 5 Flow regimes in vertical and horizontal conveying -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Choking versus non-choking system in vertical flow -- 5.3 Choking system in vertical flow -- 5.4 Non-choking system in vertical flow -- 5.5 Particle segregation in vertical pneumatic transport -- 5.6 Saltation in horizontal conveying -- References -- 6 Principles of pneumatic conveying -- 6.1 Introduction—putting it all together -- 6.2 The state diagram revisited -- 6.3 Methods for scaling-up -- 6.4 Use of theoretical models and definitions -- 6.5 Additional pressure drop factoz (?z) -- 6.6 Pressure drop -- 6.7 Some important functional relationships -- 6.8 Sequence to be followed to obtain the system pressure loss (?p) -- References -- 7 Feeding of pneumatic conveying systems -- 7.1 Introduction and overall design philosophy -- 7.2 Classification of feeding systems -- 7.3 Feeder selection criteria -- 7.4 Low pressure feeding devices -- 7.5 Medium pressure feeding systems -- 7.6 High pressure feeding devices -- 7.7 Conclusions -- References -- 8 Flow in standpipes and gravity conveyors -- 8.1 Introduction—standpipes and gravity conveyors -- 8.2 Classification of standpipe systems -- 8.3 Classification of flow modes in a standpipe -- 8.4 Equations pertaining to each flow mode -- 8.5 Flow through a valve -- 8.6 Stability of standpipe flow -- 8.7 Analysis of industrial standpipes—case studies -- 8.8 Gravity conveyors -- References -- 9 An overview of high pressure systems including long distance and dense phase pneumatic conveying systems -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 High pressure systems -- 9.3 Dense phase flow classification -- 9.4 A description of plug flow and the relationships between plug flow and material characteristics -- 9.5 System selection and product characteristics -- 9.6 Dense phase system design -- 9.7 Long distance pneumatic conveying and pressure loss minimization -- 9.8 Conclusions -- References -- 10 Gas—solids separation -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Selection criteria -- 10.3 Cyclone separators—theory of the separation of particles in the centrifugal field -- 10.4 Fabric filters -- 10.5 Cleaning by sound -- 10.6 Conclusions -- References -- 11 Some comments on: the flow behaviour of solids from silos; wear in pneumatic conveying systems; ancillary equipment -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 The flow of solids from bins -- 11.3 Flow aid devices for silos and hoppers -- 11.4 Wear in pneumatic conveying systems -- 11.5 Ancillary equipment -- 11.6 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Control of pneumatic transport -- 12.1 Basic material flow and control theory -- 12.2 Transport lags -- 12.3 Analysis of gas—solid flow by transfer functions -- 12.4 Stability of pneumatic transfer systems -- 12.5 Stability analysis with Taylor series linearization -- 12.6 Linear stability analysis—Jackson approach -- 12.7 Stability via the Liapunov analysis -- References -- 13 Instrumentation -- 13.1 Standard instrumentation -- 13.2 Transducers -- 13.3 Cross-correlation procedures -- 13.4 A Coriolis force meter -- 13.5 Dielectric meter -- 13.6 Load cells -- 13.7 Particle tagging -- 13.8 Electrostatic based meters -- 13.9 Acoustic measurements -- 13.10 Screw conveyors -- 13.11 Light measuring devices -- 13.12 Other techniques for particle velocities -- 13.13 Instrumentation for industrial applications -- References -- 14 System design and worked examples -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Moisture content in air -- 14.3 The design of industrial vacuum systems -- 14.4 Dilute phase pneumatic conveying system design (method 1) -- 14.5 Dilute phase pneumatic conveying system design (method 2) -- 14.6 Dilute phase pneumatic conveying system design (method 3) -- 14.7 Dense phase pneumatic conveying system design -- 14.8 Test yourself—dilute phase calculations -- 14.9 Gas—solid flow examples -- 14.10 Conclusions -- References.
    Abstract: When the four of us decided to collaborate to write this book on pneumatic conveying, there were two aspects which were of some concern. Firstly, how could four people, who live on four different continents, write a book on a fairly complex subject with such wide lines of communications? Secondly, there was the problem that two of the authors are chemical engineers. It has been noted that the majority of chemical engineers who work in the field of pneumatic conveying research have spent most of their time considering flow in vertical pipes. As such, there was some concern that the book might be biased towards vertical pneumatic conveying and that the horizontal aspects (which are clearly the most difficult!) would be somewhat neglected. We hope that you, as the reader, are going to be satisfied with the fact that you have a truly international dissertation on pneumatic conveying and, also, that there is an even spread between the theoretical and practical aspects of pneumatic conveying technology.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789400908116
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (920 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Stichting Foundation Rembrandt Research Project 3
    Series Statement: Rembrandt Research Project Foundation 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Arts.
    Abstract: Since the second half of the last century art historians, realizing that the image of Rembrandt’s work had become blurred with time, have attempted to redefine the artist’s significance both as a source of inspiration to other artists and as a great artist in his own right. In order to carry on the work started by previous generations, a group of leading Dutch art historians from the university and museum world joined forces in the late 1960s in order to study afresh the paintings usually ascribed to the artist. The researchers came together in the Rembrandt Research Project which was established to provide the art world with a new standard reference work which would serve the community of art historians for the nearby and long future. They examined the originals of all works attributed to Rembrandt taking full advantage of today’s sophisticated techniques including radiography, neutron activation autoradiography, dendrochronology and paint sample analysis - thereby gaining valuable insight into the genesis and condition of the paintings. The result of this meticulous research is laid down chronologically in the following Volumes: A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings, Volume I, which deals with works from Rembrandt’s early years in Leiden(1629-1631), published in 1982. A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings, Volume II, covering his first years in Amsterdam (1631-1634), published in 1986. THIS VOLUME: A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings, Volume III, goes into his later years of reputation (1635-1642), published in 1990. Each Volume consists of a number of Introductory Chapters as well as the full Catalogue of all paintings from the given time period attributed to Rembrandt. In this catalogue each painting is discussed and examined in a detailed way, comprising a descriptive, an interpretative and a documentary section. For the authenticity evaluation of the paintings three different categories are used to divide the works in: A. Paintings by Rembrandt, B. Paintings of which Rembrandt’s authorship cannot be positively either accepted or rejected, and C. Paintings of which Rembrandt’s authorship cannot be accepted. This volume (Volume III) contains 820 pages, starting of with three introductory chapters and discussing 86 paintings. In clear and accessible explanatory text all different paintings are discussed, larded with immaculate images of each painting. Details are shown where possible, as well as the results of modern day technical imaging. In this volume im ...
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400920613
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 49
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Philosophy of mind ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: 1: Approaches to Natural Language -- 1. Sentences and Saying -- 2. Saying and Semantics -- 3. Saving Sentences, and What Is Said -- 4. Sentences and Propositions -- 2: Indexicality -- 1. Indexical Expressions -- 2. Some Examples -- 3. Too Many Indexicals? -- 4. The Eliminability of Indexicals -- 5. Russell’s Theory of Descriptions -- 3: Alternate Approaches -- 1. The Role of Context -- 2. Donnellan, Sentence Meaning and Speaker Meaning -- 3. The Demonstrative ’The’ -- 4: Prolegomenon to a Theory of Speaker Reference -- 1. Two Approaches to Reference -- 2. Desiderata For A Theory of Speaker References -- 3. The Causal Theory -- 4. A Further Constraint -- 5: Speaker Reference -- 1. Two Unsatisfactory Intention-Based Views -- 2. A Fresh Start -- 3. Objections to the Sufficiency of the Conditions -- 4. Objections to the Necessity of the Conditions -- 5. Utterances Involving More Than One Hearer, and in the Absence of An Audience -- 6: Predication, and What is Said -- 1. Speaker Predication -- 2. A Theory of Speaker Predication -- 3. What Is Said -- 4. An Objection -- 5. Brevity and Sentence Fragments -- 6. Unusual But Important Cases -- 7: Concerning Fiction and Fictions -- 1. What Is To Be Explained -- 2. How Not To Explain It -- 3. A Better Explanation -- 4. Some Complications Concerning Fictions -- 8: Further Implications -- 1. Epistemology and the Philosophy of Language -- 2. Methodological Solipsism -- 3. The Intentional Fallacy, and Deconstruction -- 4. What If This Is All Wrong? -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The notion of what someone says is, perhaps surprisingly, some­ what less clear than we might be entitled to expect. Suppose that I utter to my class the sentence 'I want you to write a paper reconciling the things Russell claims about propositions in The Philosophy of Mathematics for next week'. A student who was unable to get up in time for class that day asks another what I said about the assignment. Several replies are in the offing. One, an oratio recta or direct speech report, is 'He said, "I want you to write a paper reconciling the things Russell claims about propositions in The Philosophy of Mathematics for next week. '" Another, an oratio obliqua or indirect speech report, consists in the response 'He said that he wants us to write a paper reconciling . . . '. Yet another, reflecting a perhaps accurate estimate of the task involved, editorializes: 'He said he wants us to do the impossible'. Or, aware of both this and my quaint custom of barring those who have not successfully completed the assignment from the classroom, one might retort 'He said he doesn't want to meet next week'. Since 'says' is construable in these various ways, it is at best unhelpful to write something like 'Alice said "Your paper is two days late", thereby saying that Tom's paper was two days late.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400907539
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 317 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Elsevier Applied Food Science Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. The Mechanism of Antioxidant Action in vitro -- 2. Detection, Estimation and Evaluation of Antioxidants in Food Systems -- 3. Chemistry and Implications of Degradation of Phenolic Antioxidants -- 4. Natural Antioxidants Exploited Commercially -- 5. Natural Antioxidants not Exploited Commercially -- 6. Biological Effects of Food Antioxidants -- 7. Toxicological Aspects of Antioxidants Used as Food Additives.
    Abstract: Antioxidants are present naturally in virtually all food commodities, providing them with a valuable degree of protection against oxidative attack. When food commodities are subjected to processing, such natural antioxidants are often depleted, whether physically, from the nature of the process itself, or by chemical degradation. In conse­ quence, processed food products usually keep less well than do the commodities from which they originated. Ideally, food producers would like them to keep better. This objective can often be achieved by blending natural products rich in antioxidants with processed foods, or by using well recognised antioxidants as food additives. In order to understand their action, and hence to apply antioxidants intelligently in food product formulation, some knowledge of the mechanisms by which they function is necessary. This is complex and of antioxidative may rely on one or more of several alternative forms intervention. Accordingly, the various mechanisms that may be relevant are discussed in Chapter 1, in each case including the 'intervention' mechanism. When present in, or added to, foods antioxidants are functional in very small quantities, typically, perhaps, at levels of 0·01 % or less.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401138086
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 398 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics
    Abstract: The Grammatical Nature of the Acquisition Sequence: Adjoin-a and the Formation of Relative Clauses -- The Status of Grammatical Default Systems: Comments on Lebeaux -- On Unparsable Input in Language Acquisition -- Logical and Psychological Constraints on the Acquisition of Syntax -- How to Make Parameters Work: Comments on Valian -- On Parameter Setting and Parsing: Predictions for Cross-Linguistic Differences in Adult and Child Processing -- Comments on Mazuka and Lust’s paper -- Parameters and Parameter-Setting in a Phrase Structure Grammar -- The Acquisition of Long-distance Rules -- Child Grammars — Radically Different, or More of the Same?: Comments on de Villiers, Roeper and Vainikka -- The Processing and Acquisition of Control Structures by Young Children -- Intuitions, Category and Structure: Comments on McDaniel and Cairns -- Visiting Relatives in Italy -- Obeying the Binding Theory -- Knowledge Integration in Processing and Acquisition: Comments on Grimshaw and Rosen -- List of First Authors.
    Abstract: Studies of language acqUiSItion have largely ignored processing prin­ ciples and mechanisms. Not surprisingly, questions concerning the analysis of an informative linguistic input - the potential evidence for grammatical parameter setting - have also been ignored. Especially in linguistic approaches to language acquisition, the role of language processing has not been prominent. With few exceptions (e. g. Goodluck and Tavakolian, 1982; Pinker, 1984) discussions of language perform­ ance tend to arise only when experimental debris, the artifact of some experiment, needs to be cleared away. Consequently, language pro­ cessing has been viewed as a collection of rather uninteresting perform­ ance factors obscuring the true object of interest, namely, grammar acquisition. On those occasions when parsing "strategies" have been incorporated into accounts of language development, they have often been discussed as vague preferences, not open to rigorous analysis. In principle, however, theories of language comprehension can and should be subjected to the same criteria of explicitness and explanatoriness as other theories, e. g. , theories of grammar. Thus their peripheral role in accounts of language development may reflect accidental factors, rather than any inherent fuzziness or irrelevance to the language acquisition problem. It seems probable that an explicit model of the way(s) processing routines are applied in acquisition would help solve some central problems of grammar acquisition, since these routines regulate the application of grammatical knowledge to novel inputs.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789400919648
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 30
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Comparative Literature
    Abstract: I Tymieniecka and the Philosophy of Roman Ingarden -- Roman Ingarden’s Philosophical Legacy and My Departure from It: The Creative Freedom of the Possible Worlds -- A New Phenomenology: Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka’s Departure from Husserl and Ingarden -- Husserl, Ingarden, and Tymieniecka -- II Ingarden and Literary Theory -- Reduction phénoménologique et intuition: A propos du rapport Husserl-Ingarden -- The Aesthetic Theory of Ingarden and Its Philosophical Implications -- The New Criticism and Ingardens Phenomenological Theory of Literature -- Roman Ingardens Contribution to the Reading and Analysis of the Literary Text -- III The Applicability of Ingarden’s Theory -- Kritische Bemerkungen zu Ingardens Deutung des Bildes -- The Debate Over Stratification Within Aesthetic Objects -- Ingarden’s “Strata-Layers” Theory and the Structural Analysis of the Ancient Chinese Kunqu Opera -- Ingarden’s “Points of Indeterminateness”: A Consideration of Their Practical Application to Literary Criticism -- Roman Ingarden and the Venus of Milo -- IV Ingarden and the Nature of the Literary Work of Art -- The Verifiability Principle: Variations on Ingarden’s Criticism -- The Aesthetic Object and the Work of Art: Reflections on Ingarden’s Theory of Aesthetic Judgment -- Roman Ingarden’s Idea of Relatively Isolated Systems -- V Bibliography -- Roman Ingarden: An International Bibliography (1915–1989) -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: This Ingardenia volume is the second in the Analecta Husserliana series that is entirely devoted to the phenomenology of Roman Ingarden. The first was volume IV (1976). Twenty years after Ingarden's death, this volume demonstrates that the Polish phenomenologist's contribution to philosophy and literary scholarship has received world-wide attention. His ideas have proven especially fruitful for the definition of the structure of the literary work of art and the subsequent recognition of its characteristic features. Of all the early phenomenologists who were students of Husserl, it is Ingarden whose work has faithfully pursued the original tenet that language "holds" the essence of the life-world "in readiness" (bereit halten). To investigate this premise with the rigor of a science, as Husserl had envisioned for phenomenology, was Ingarden's life work. That Ingarden did not quite reach his ambitious goal does not diminish his unquestionable achievement. The understanding of the nature of the literary work of art has increased enormously because of his analyses and aesthetics. The Polish phenomenologist investigated above all the work of art as a structure of necessary components which define and determine its nature. That the artistic ingredient was shortchanged under those conditions should not be surprising, particu­ larly since Ingarden usually kept a purist's philosophical distance from the concrete detail of the material under consideration. He was not concerned with individual works of art but with the principle that was shared by all of them as the defining feature of their being.
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  • 32
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400919020
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (396p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 45
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 45
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Metaphysics ; Mathematical logic. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: 1. Epistemology & Nominalism -- 2. What Is Abstraction & What Is It Good For? -- 3. Beliefs About Mathematical Objects -- 5. Field & Fregean Platonism -- 5. ? in The Sky -- 6. Nominalism -- 7. The Logic of Physical Theory -- 8. Knowledge of Mathematical Objects -- 9. Physicalism, Reductionism & Hilbert -- 10. Physicalistic Platonism -- 11. Sets are Universals -- 12. Modal-Structural Mathematics -- 13. Logical & Philosophical Foundations for Arithmetical Logic -- 14. Criticisms of the Usual Rationale for Validity in Mathematics -- Contributors -- Index of Proper Names.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400920972
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (242p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 40
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Philosophical self-portrait -- Review-article: T Kotarbi?ski’s Elements of the Theory of Knowledge, Formal Logic and Methodology of the Sciences -- Psychologism and the principle of relevance in semantics -- Names in Kotarbi?ski’s Elementy -- Consistent reism -- A note about reism -- Puzzles of existence -- On the dramatic stage in the development of Kotarbi?ski’s pansomatism -- Semantic reasons for ontological statements: the argumentation of a reist -- Philosophical and methodological foundations of Kotarbi?ski’s praxiology -- Kotarbi?ski’s theory of genuine names -- Kotarbi?ski’s theory of pseudo-names -- On the phases of reism -- Philosophy of the concrete -- Kotarbi?ski, many-valued logic, and truth -- Concerning reism -- The voice of the past in Kotarbi?ski’s writings -- References -- Index of names -- Index of subjects.
    Abstract: Tadeusz Kotarbinski is one of towering figures in contemporary Polish philosophy. He was a great thinker, a great teacher, a great organizer of philosophical and scientific life (he was, among others, the rector of the Uni versi ty of t6dz, the president of the Polish Academy of Sciences, and the president of the International Institute of Philosophy), and, last but not least, a great moral authority. He died at the age of 96 on October 3, 1981. Kotarbinski was active in almost all branches of philosophy. He made many significant contributions to logic, semantics, ontology, epistemology, history of philosophy, and ethics. He created a new field, namely praxiology. Thus, using an ancient distinction, he contributed to theoretical as well as practical philoso~hy. Kotarbinski regarded praxiology as his major philosophical "child". Doubtless, praxiology belongs to practical philosophy. This collection, howewer, is mainly devoted to Kotarbinski' s theoretical philosophy. Reism - Kotarbinski' s fundamental idea of ontology and semantics - is the central topic of most papers included here; even Pszczolowski' s essay on praxiology considers its ontological basis. ,Only two papers, namely that of Zarnecka-Bialy and that of Wolenski, are not linked with reism. However, both fall under the general label "Kotarbinski: logic, semantics and ontology". The collection partly consists of earlier published papers.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400919723
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 37
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Japanese language ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Semiotics. ; Asia—Languages.
    Abstract: I: Introduction -- 1. wh-phrases as quantificational expressions -- 2. Locality -- 3. Quantificational force -- II: Subjacency and Logical Form -- 1. Introduction -- 2. wh-Movement in Japanese -- 3. Subjacency -- 4. ECP vs. Pied-piping -- III: The Pied-Piping Mechanism -- 1. Percolation -- 2. German relative clauses -- 3. Restrictions on percolation -- 4. Quantifier vs. Sentential operator -- 5. Government and unselective binding -- 6. Concluding remarks -- IV: Construing wh -- 1. ‘Indeterminate pronominals’ -- 2. Unselective binding -- 3. Unselective binding involving wh -- 4. The movement analysis -- 5. Adverbs of quantification -- 6. Scope interactions and QR -- 7. Concluding remarks -- V: The Case from English: The No Matter Concessive Clause -- 1. Problems -- 2. No Matter and wh..Ever constructions -- 3. Donkey sentences -- 4. No Matter as unselective binder -- 5. Concluding remarks -- VI: The Donkey Problem in Japanese -- 1. Weak Crossover -- 2. Donkey sentences in Japanese -- 3. Indirect binding -- 4. Restrictions on indirect binding -- 5. Concluding remarks.
    Abstract: In the past few decades, the development of theoretical linguistics has proved to be successful in shedding light on the intricate nature of language and knowledge of grammar, which contributes to a deeper understanding of the human mind. This book discusses various issues in syntax and logical structure of natural language from theoretical perspectives. The primary data on which theoretical claims are made is drawn from Japanese and Japanese-type languages, but it also contains discussion of related phenomena in English which have never been discussed from the same viewpoint in the current literature. Although the book is written in the format of a version of the Extended Standard Theory tradition, informally referred to as the Principles and Parameters Approach or 'Government and Binding (OB) Theory', it should be of interest to a much wider audience. The reader interested in other theoretical frameworks will find the discussion in this book easily translatable in the framework of his or her choice - in fact, I would like to claim that the problems posed by this book are inevitable in any theory of syntax and semantics of natural language.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789400921412
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Human Biology 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Human genetics ; Anthropology ; Medical genetics.
    Abstract: 1: Introduction: The place and the study -- 2: Flora and fauna -- 3: Trace metals -- 4: The Aymará: An outline of their pre and post-Columbian history -- 5: Paleopathology -- 6: Nutritional characteristics of the Aymará of northern Chile -- 7: The Chilean Aymará and their reproductive patterns -- 8: Ecologic determinants of the health of Aymará children -- 9: Disease and disability among the Aymará -- 10: Heterozygosity and physical growth in an Andean population -- 11: Hearing and hypoxia among the Aymará -- 12: Altitude and cardiopulmonary relationships -- 13: Oral characteristics of the Aymará -- 14: Intratribal genetic differentiation as assessed through electrophoresis -- 15: Ethnogenesis and affinities to other South American aboriginal populations -- 16: Epilogue -- References -- Multinational Andean Genetic and Health Program Publications.
    Abstract: South America's Andean highlands have seen the rise and decline of several impressive, indigenous civilizations. Separated somewhat in time and place, each developed its distinctive socio-cultural accouterments but all shared a need to adjust to the individual, societal and environmental limitations imposed by life at high altitude. Partial oxygen pressure, temperature and humidity fall systematically as altitude rises, but there are other changes as well. Darwin, Forbes, von Humboldt, von Tschudi and other naturalists of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries who weaved their way through South America commented repeatedly on the tolerance or apparent indifference of the indigenes to the rigors of life at altitudes above 3000 meters but its impact upon lowlanders. Von Tschudi (1847), for example, observed 'in the cordillera the effect of the diminished atmospheric pressure on the human frame shows itself in intolerable symptoms of weariness and an extreme difficulty of breathing . . . . The first symptoms are usually felt at the elevation of 12,600 feet (3800 m) above the sea. These symptoms are vertigo, dimness of sight and hearing, pains in the head and nausea . . . . Inhabitants of the coast and Europeans, who for the first time visit the lofty regions of the cordillera, are usually attacked with this disorder. ' But von Tschudi's description of acute mountain sickness was hardly the first; his Spanish predecessors had known and commented upon it too.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400921375
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Human Biology 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Evolution (Biology) ; Anthropology
    Abstract: Historical Notes on Dermatoglyphics: From Purkinje to Cummins -- Dermatoglyphics as Genetic Markers -- Dermatoglyphic Recording and Scoring Techniques -- Genetic and Developmental Dermatoglyphics -- Prenatal Communalities in Epidermal Ridge Development -- Variability and Asymmetry in Main Line Index among 20 Dhangar Castes of Maharashtra, India -- Developmental Aspects of Human Palmar, Plantar, and Digital Flexion Creases -- Dermatoglyphics and the Geschwind Hypothesis. I. Theoretical Background and Palmar Results of Dyslexia -- Dermatoglyphics and the Geschwind Hypothesis. II. Digital Results of Dyslexia and Developmental Implications -- Effect of Environmental Pollutants on Dermatoglyphics Patterns -- Clinical Dermatoglyphics -- Dermatoglyphics of Three Alzheimer Families -- Dermatoglyphics in Hungarian Schizophrenic Patients -- Dermatoglyphic Variations in Achondroplasia -- Dermatoglyphics in Syndromes with Hand Malformations -- Dermatoglyphics in the Pathology of Breast Cancer and Cervix Carcinoma -- Dermatoglyphics in Marfan Syndrome -- Anthropological Dermatoglyphics -- Dermatoglyphics and Population Distance -- Dermatoglyphics in the Eastern Adriatic — Possibilities and Dilemmas in the Study of Population Structure -- Dermatoglyphics of Eastern Slavs -- Dermatoglyphics of the Finno-Ugrians of Eurasia -- The Dermatoglyphics of Egyptian Nubians -- Dermatoglyphics of Turkic Peoples of the U.S.S.R. -- Dermatoglyphics of Native Polynesians in the Cook Islands, and Their Biological Positioning Among South Pacific Populations -- Dermatoglyphics of the Isolated Kapingamarangese of Micronesia -- Pattern Intensities and Pattern Sizes on Palm and Sole of Chimpanzee: Description and Comparison with Humans.
    Abstract: The preparation of a volume of worldwide research contributions can be a time­ consuming task which is frequently more difficult than many other types of book. This particular venture was made easier by the assistance of many people. Therefore, we wish to acknowledge: the suggestions, academic support and direction of Dr. Kenneth M. Weiss, our American editor; the assistance of the staff of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at the University of Northern Iowa, particularly the generous and congenial efforts of Ms. Rosemarie Skaine and Mrs. Heidi Anderegg whose computer and deciphering skills may be legendary; the kind responses to our long-distance questions from Mr. Martin Scrivener of Kluwer Publications are much appreciated; finally, the efforts of Dr. Paul T. Baker and Dr. Ralph M. Garruto for their help in rounding out the final contents. NMD CCP FOREWORD Among the many techniques developed by nineteenth century anatomists for the study of human morphological structures the analysis of dermatoglyphics has proven to be one of the most useful and durable. The series of reports presented herein reflect the dynamism of the topic. Such analyses provide a valuable tool for measuring the genetic relatedness of human populations and an inexpensive technique for alerting us to the degree of genetic involvement in the causes of many diseases.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400904590
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (400p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 119
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 119
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Sociology. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: One: Simmel as a Puzzling Figure -- Two: Simmel as a Puzzling Figure for Contemporary Sociology -- On the Current Rediscovery of Georg Simmel’s Sociology — A European Point of View -- Georg Simmel’s Concept of Society -- Georg Simmel and the Study of Modernity -- The World as Human Construction -- Four Concepts of Social Science at Berlin University: Dilthey, Lazarus, Schmoller and Simmel -- Simmel’s Contribution to Parsons’ Action Theory and its Fate -- Simmel on Memory -- Social Differentiation and Modernity: On Simmel’s Macrosociology -- Simmel’s Sociology in Relation to Schopenhauer’s Philosophy -- Simmel on the Ratio of Subjective Values to Objective Cultural Possibilities -- On the Concept of “Erleben” in Georg Simmers Sociology -- Georg Simmel as an Analyst of Autonomous Dynamics: The Merry-Go-Round of Fashion -- Simmel, Individuality, and Fundamental Change -- Georg Simmel’s Theory of Culture -- The Groundwork of Simmel’s New “Storey” Beneath Historical Materialism -- Georg Simmel and the Cultural Dilemma of Women -- Dimensions of Conflict: Georg Simmel on Modern Life -- Simmel’s Influence on Lukács’s Conception of the Sociology of Art -- Simmel’s Metaphysics -- INDEX OF NAMES.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789401710145
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 332 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Philosophy and Religion 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Religion.
    Abstract: 1. Hartshorne’s Neoclassical Theism and Black Theology -- 2. The Dipolar God and Latin American Liberation Theology -- 3. Competition and the Common Good: The Liberal Politics of Charles Hartshorne -- 4. God, Power and the Struggle for Liberation: A Feminist Contribution -- 5. Religion, God and Indian Thought -- 6. The World: Body of God or Field of Cosmic Activity? -- 7. Charles Hartshorne’s Philosophy of God: A Thomistic Critique -- 8. Can the God of Process Thought be “Redeemed”? -- 9. Hartshorne’s Concept of God Examined in the Light of Phenomenology and Buddhism -- 10. Some Remarks on Charles Hartshorne’s Conception of Theology -- 11. Continuity and Novelty: A Contribution to the Dialogue between Buddhism and Process Thought -- 12. A Jewish Perspective on Charles Hartshorne’s Concept of God -- 13. Process Thought and Some Biblical Evidence -- 14. Rigor, Reason and Moderation: Hartshorne’s Contribution to the Philosophy of Religion and Philosophical Theology -- Critical Response by Charles Hartshorne -- Notes on Contributors -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Charles Hartshorne's considerable writings have been influential in contem­ 1 porary religious and philosophical thought. Not only is he regarded as the leading living representative of process thought as well as a much respected interpreter of Whitehead, but he has also established himself as an original 2 and creative thinker in his own right. The literature on his philosophy has been rapidly increasing. His thought and influence have also been the subject 3 of a number of conferences and gatherings of scholars. One of Hartshorne's most notable contributions to contemporary philoso­ 4 phy and theology is his concept of God. In his writings he has set out "to formulate the idea of deity so as to preserve, perhaps increase, its religious value, while yet avoiding the contradictions which seem inseparable from the 5 idea as customarily defined." The result of his efforts has been the develop­ ment of the concept of a "dipolar God" (insofar as contrasting metaphysical predicates, e.g. relative/absolute, contingent/necessary, finite/infinite and so on, are affirmed as applicable to God although always in an eminent way). Inasmuch as he has elaborated this concept in close dialogue with classical theism, he also refers to it as "neo-classical". Because of the emphasis he places on the reality of change and becoming in his metaphysics (which regards God as the chief exemplification of metaphysical principles), the term 6 "process" has likewise been used to describe his notion of God.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789401729758
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 271 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences, A Yearbook 14
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Genetic epistemology ; Systems theory ; Sociology. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; System theory. ; Control theory.
    Abstract: Selforganization — the Convergence of Ideas. An Introduction -- I. Epistemological Foundations -- Science and Daily Life: The Ontology of Scientific Explanations -- Self-Organization, Emergent Properties and the Unity of the World -- On a Fundamental Paradigm Shift in the Natural Sciences -- The Cognitive Program of Constructivism and a Reality that Remains Unknown -- II. Selfreference and Selfregulation in Social Systems -- How the Law Thinks: Toward a Constructivist Epistemology of Law -- Self-Regulation in Social Systems -- Systemic Therapy — A Particular Drift Between Systems Theory and Psychotherapy -- Literary Systems as Self-organizing Systems -- Chekhov’s Letter: Linguistic System and its Discontents -- III. The Appearance of Structure -- Concepts of Self-Organization in the 19th Century -- Cognitive Systems as Self-Organizing Systems -- IV. The Selforganization of Science -- Self-Organization and Autopoiesis in the Development of Modern Science -- The Selforganization of Science — Outline of a Theoretical Model -- Actor-Networks versus Science as Self-Organizing System: A Comperative View of two Constructivist Approaches -- Self-Organization and New Social Movements -- Person Index.
    Abstract: may be complex without being able to be replaced by something »still more simple«. This became evident with the help of computer models of deterministic-recursive systems in which simple mathematical equation systems provide an extremely complex behavior. (2) Irregularity of nature is not treated as an anomaly but becomes the focus of research and thus is declared to be normal. One looks for regularity within irregularity. Non-equilibrium processes are recognized as the source of order and the search for equilibrium is replaced by the search for the dynamics of processes. (3) The classical system-environment model, according to which the adaptation of a system to its environment is controlled externally and according to which the adaptation of the system occurs in the course of a learning process, is replaced by a model of systemic closure. This closure is operational in so far as the effects produced by the system are the causes for the maintenance of systemic organization. If there is sufficient complexity, the systems perform internal self-observation and exert self-control (»Cognition« as understood by Maturana as self-perception and self-limitation, e. g. , that of a cell vis-a. -vis its environment). 22 But any information a system provides on its environment is a system-internal construct. The »reference to the other« is merely a special case of »self-reference«. The social sciences frequently have suffered from the careless way in which scientific ideas and models have been transferred.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401568593
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 272 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 20
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Some Issues in the Theory of Transformations -- 3 A Restrictive Theory of Transformational Grammar -- 4 Filters and Control -- 5 Restricting the Theory of Transformations: a case study -- 6 Learnability, Restrictiveness, and the Evaluation Metric -- 7 On a Lexical Parameter in the Government-Binding Theory -- 8 Core Grammar, Case Theory, and Markedness -- 9 On Certain Substitutes for Negative Data -- 10 On the Nature of Proper Government -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The articles collected in this book are concerned with the issues of restrictiveness and learnability within generative grammar, specifically, within Chomsky's 'Extended Standard Theory'. These issues have been central to syntactic research for decades and they are even more central now as results on syntactic theory, on learnability, and on acquisition begin to converge. I hope that this book can provide researchers in all of these areas with some insight into the evolution of ideas about these issues. The articles appear in their original form, with the following exceptions: A few typographical and other minor errors have been corrected; bibliog­ raphic references have been updated and a unified bibliography provided. I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge my vast intellec­ tual debt to Noam Chomsky. My research would not have been possible without his work, his advice, and his guidance. Next, I offer deep thanks to Chomsky and my other co-authors represented here: Bob Fiengo, Joe Kupin, Bob Freidin, and Mamoru Saito. I am grateful, indeed, for the opportunity to collaborate with such outstanding linguists, and, more immediately, for their permission to reprint their co-authored articles. I also offer general thanks to the holders of the copyrights of the reprinted material. Specific acknowledgements appear on a separate page.
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  • 41
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400907553
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Elsevier Applied Food Science Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Agar -- 2. Alginates -- 3. Carrageenans -- 4. Casein -- 5. Egg Protein Gels -- 6. Gellan Gum -- 7. Gelatine -- 8. Mixed Polymer Gels -- 9. Muscle Proteins -- 10. Pectin -- 11. Whey Proteins.
    Abstract: The food technologist who wishes to produce a gelled product is faced with two basic options for achieving the desired effect; whether to use a protein or a polysaccharide. Although a gel can be formed by either a protein or a polysaccharide, the resultant gels have different characteristics: • Polysaccharide gels are characterised by their fine texture and transparency which is achieved at a low polymer concentration. They can be formed by heating and cooling, pH adjustment or specific ion addition . • Protein gels are characterised by a higher polymer concentration (5-10%) and are formed almost exclusively by heat denaturation. Before reaching a final decision, the technologist must take a number of factors into consideration. The purpose of this book is to help the technologist in his choice by providing fundamental practical information, in one book, on the properties of gels (and factors which influence them) for both types of biopolymer. To help the reader, each chapter is (wherever possible) organised in the same way so that, for example, information on structure will always be available in section 2. The examples in the Applications section of each chapter are not meant to be exhaustive, but to illustrate the various ways in which the particular polymer can be used to form a gelled product.
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  • 42
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400918986
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Chinese language ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Asia—Languages.
    Abstract: 1: Universal Grammar and Word Order -- Notes -- 2: Dimensions of the Case Module -- 2.0. Introduction -- 2.1. Subject and Case -- 2.2. Case Assignees -- 2.3. Conditions on Case Assignment -- Notes -- 3: Single Complementation -- 3.0. Introduction -- 3.1. Descriptive/Resultative Expressions -- 3.2. Postverbal PPs -- 3.3. Summary -- Notes -- 4: Multiple Complementation -- 4.0. Introduction -- 4.1. Double Object Structures [V NP2 NP1] -- 4.2. [VNP$$\bar S$$] Structures -- 4.3. [V NP1 gei NP2] and [V gei NP2 NP1] -- 4.4. Conclusion -- 4.5. Alternatives -- Notes -- 5: Lexical and Categorial Properties of Case -- 5.0. Introduction -- 5.1. Raising Structures -- 5.2. Exceptional Case Marking Structures -- 5.3. Existential/Presentative Sentences -- 5.4. Weather Verbs -- 5.5. Expletive Empty Category -- 5.6. Conclusion -- Notes -- 6: Passive, BA, and Topic Constructions -- 6.0. Introduction -- 6.1. The BEI Construction -- 6.2. The BA Construction -- 6.3. Topic Structures -- 6.4. Conclusion -- Notes -- 7: Conclusion -- 7.1. Empirical Consequences -- 7.2. Theoretical Implications -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Recent developments in generative grammar have been very stimulating. The current theory defines a small set of principles that apply to all human languages. Efforts have been made to demonstrate the adequacy of this theory for a wide range of languages. We thus see an interesting interface of theory and empirical data: the study of natural languages contributes to defining the properties of Universal Grammar and the predictions of the theory help in uncovering generalizations regarding natural languages. This book aims to add to this exciting development by showing how the analysis of Mandarin Chinese constituent structures helps to define Case Theory and how interesting generalizations concerning Chinese grammar are uncovered through verification of the theoretical predictions. Starting from the inadequacy of work by Koopman, Li, and Travis on the effect of Case directionality on word order, the book shows that a detailed study of Chinese constituent structures allows us to reduce the phrase structure component to a minimal statement concerning the position of the head in a given phrase. It argues that in a given language the constituent structures can be adequately captured by the interaction of Case Theory, Theta Theory, Government Theory, and X Theory. Long­ standing controversies concerning Chinese basic word order are resolved by showing that underlying word order generalizations can differ from surface word order generalizations.
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  • 43
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401091244
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (400p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Van Nostrand Reinhold Catalysis Series
    DDC: 541.2254
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical organic ; Polymers ; Biochemistry
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  • 44
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400906211
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 231 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 15
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Social sciences Methodology ; Environmental management ; Operations research. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: Uncertainty and quality are crucial aspects of knowledge for science related to policy. Hitherto the skills of managing them have been neglected, partly because of the metaphysical prejudices that mathematical language is inherently precise and scientific assertions necessarily correct. In this age of global environmental problems, there is an urgent need for a method of expressing judgements of uncertainty and quality that is convenient, robust and nuanced. The notational system NUSAP (Numeral, Unit, Spread, Assessment, Pedigree) has been created to fill this need. In this book NUSAP is explained and applied to several examples from the environmental sciences. The authors are now making further extensions of NUSAP, including an algorithm for the propagation of quality-grades through models used in risk and safety studies. They are also developing the concept of `Post-normal Science', in which quality assurance of information requires the participation of `extended peer-communities' lying outside the traditional expertise
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789400921993
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services Series 29
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 29
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: 1 Evaluating Preparation Programs for School Leaders and Teachers in Specialty Areas -- 2 Evaluating Preparation Programs for School Administrators -- 3 Evaluating Preparation Programs for School Counselors and Psychologists -- 4 Evaluating Preparation Programs for School Library Media Specialists -- 5 Evaluating Preparation Programs for Vocational Education Teachers -- 6 Evaluating Preparation Programs for Special Education Teachers -- 7 Evaluating Preparation Programs for Physical Education and Health Education Teachers -- 8 Evaluating Preparation Programs for Music Education and Visual Arts Education Teachers -- Name Index.
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  • 46
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400904132
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: New edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Tutorial Guides in Electronic Engineering
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Principles of transduction -- Underlying physical principles of transducers -- Silicon technology -- Summary -- Review questions -- Further reading -- Problems -- 2 Sensors, actuators and displays -- Mechanical sensing -- The synchro -- Temperature sensing -- Radiation detection transducers -- Optical sensors -- Sonic transducers -- Nuclear radiation detectors -- Chemical activity -- Actuators, stepper motors and displays -- Summary -- Review questions -- Further reading -- Problems -- 3 Analogue processing of signals -- The ideal operational amplifier -- The practical operational amplifier -- Chopper stabilization -- Modulation -- The analogue multiplexer or scanner -- Summary -- Review questions -- Further reading -- Problems -- 4 Signal convertion -- The digital-to-analogue converter -- The analogue-to-digital converter -- Sample-and-hold circuits -- Voltage-to-frequency conversion -- Synchro-to-digital conversion -- The phase lock loop -- Summary -- Review questions -- Further reading -- Problems -- 5 Digital processing of signals -- Filtering in the digital domain -- Sampling -- Quantization -- Signal averaging -- Linerarization of sensor response -- Digital processing circuits -- The digital signal processor -- Summary -- Review questions -- Further reading -- 6 Interfacing -- Digital circuitry -- Specialized interfacing chips -- Transfers of data over greater distances -- Interfacing standards -- Summary -- Review questions -- Further reading -- Appendix A -- Solutions to problems.
    Abstract: -~- ~_vane \::y;) \ c:=::J ] 0=0 ] Dc:=JD Fig. 2. 39 Seven-segment devices for large displays and good visibility at up to 300 m can readily be obtained. Summary The number of transducer types is almost unlimited, and in order to bring our area of study down to a more manageable size we have considered transduc­ ers under four main headings. Input transducers for detecting mechanical change allow us to sense force, pressure, position, proximity, displacement, velocity, acceleration, vibration and shock in all their multiple manifestations. The basis of many mechanical sensors is the strain gauge which is usually used in a bridge configuration. Other devices such as the L VDT and synchro are also widely used. Temperature transducers form another large group, and we have looked at the operating principles of the major types, with some of the techniques used in compensating for non-ideal characteristics. Radiation and chemical sensing transducers form the remaining groups. Actuators rely almost entirely on electromagnetic action and, in modern equipment, occur most commonly as solenoids and relays, including the reed relay, and stepper motors. Visual displays also come in a bewildering range of types and sizes, but, because of their ease of interfacing with electronic circuitry, the majority are based on the LED and LCD. Review questions 1. What is meant by gauge factor? 2. Define Young's modulus. 3.
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  • 47
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400920255
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 36
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Medicine ; Medical ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Medicine—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Section I / Medicine, History, and Culture -- Knowledge and Practice in European Medicine: The Case of Infectious Diseases -- Frames of Reference and the Growth of Medical Knowledge: L.Fleck and M.Foucault -- Medical Knowledge and Medical Action: Competing visions -- Section II / Philosophy of Science and the Growth of Medical Knowledge -- Function and Value of Medical Knowledge in Modern Diseases -- The Growth of Medical Knowledge: An Epistemological Exploration -- The Development of Population Research on Causes of Death: Growth of Knowledge or Accumulation of Data? -- Comments on Wulff’s, Thung’s, and Lindahl’s Essays on The Growth of Medical Knowledge -- Section III / Image of Man and the Growth of Medical Knowledge -- Medicine, Anthropology, and the Human Body -- Invulnerability and Medicine’s “Promise” of Immortality: Changing Images of the Human Body During the Growth of Medical Knowledge -- Values and the Growth of Medical Knowledge -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: The growth of knowledge and its effects on the practice of medicine have been issues of philosophical and ethical interest for several decades and will remain so for many years to come. The outline of the present volume was conceived nearly three years ago. In 1987, a conference on this theme was held in Maastricht, the Netherlands, on the occasion of the founding of the European Society for Philosophy of Medicine and Health Care (ESPMH). Most of the chapters of this book are derived from papers presented at that meeting, and for the purpose of editing the book Stuart Spicker, Ph. D. , joined two founding members of ESPMH, Henk ten Have and Gerrit Kimsma. The three of them successfully brought together a number of interesting contribu­ tions to the theme, and ESPMH is grateful and proud to have initiated the production of this volume. The Society intends that annual meetings be held in different European countries on a rotating basis and to publish volumes related to these meetings whenever feasible. In 1988, the second conference was held in Aarhus, Denmark on "Values in Medical Decision Making and Resource Allocation in Health Care". In 1989, a meeting was held in Czestochowa, Poland, on "European Traditions in Philosophy of Medicine. From Brentano to Bieganski". It is hoped that these conferences and the books to be derived from them, will initiate a new European tradition, lasting well into the 21 st century! P. J.
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  • 48
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400918849
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 18
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Romance languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Historical linguistics.
    Abstract: 1: Introduction -- 1.1. Aims and Assumptions -- 1.2. Infinitival Complements in Old French -- 1.3. Government-Binding Theory -- 1.4. Old French -- 1.5. Outline -- Notes -- 2: Romance Infinitival Complements -- 2.0. Introduction -- 2.1. Comparable Characteristics of Infinitivals in Old French, Modern Italian and Modern Spanish -- 2.2. “Reduced Clause” Analyses -- Notes -- 3: The Romance Causative -- 3.0. Introduction -- 3.1. Fare S versus Fare VP -- 3.2. The Extension of Fare VP -- 3.3. Against an Objection to Fare [+V] -- 3.4. Summary and Implications -- Notes -- 4: Non-Causative Pro-MV-Inf Constructions -- 4.0 Introduction -- 4.1. [+V] Complements in Pro-MV-Inf Constructions -- 4.2. Case Assignment and ?-roles -- 4.3. Burzio’s S Complement Account -- 4.4. ?-roles and Pro-MV-Inf Constructions -- 4.5. The Assignment of Essere -- 4.6. Constructions with Ne -- 4.7. Some Diachronic Implications -- 4.8. Summary -- Notes -- 5: Causatives in Old French -- 5.0. Introduction -- 5.1. Romance Causatives -- 5.2. The Causative Construction in Old French -- 5.3. Analysis of Old French Data -- 5.4. Syntactic Properties of Causative Type Complements in Old French -- 5.5. Case Assignment and Impersonal Verbs -- 5.6. The Causative Faire -- 5.7. Summary -- Notes -- 6: Non-Causative Infinitival Complements in Old French -- 6.0. Introduction -- 6.1. Infinitival Complements in Old French -- 6.2. Pronouns as Indicators of Structure -- 6.3. Ordering of Weak Pronouns -- 6.4. INFL, Verb Raising and Clitic Movement -- 6.5. Summary -- Notes -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- References -- (a) Texts -- (b) Studies -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: 1.1. AIMS AND ASSUMPTIONS This book presents an analysis of infinitival complement constructions in Old French (OF) from the perspective of the Government-Binding (GB) framework. It aims, therefore, to establish within the terms of the GB framework just how the OF constructions are to be characterized and in just what sense they can or cannot be compared with the corresponding constructions in other Romance languages. The GB framework is an articulated theory about the structure of language which is based on the view that the aim of research into language is to construct a description of language which accurately reflects its essential nature. Whilst we know that individual languages may appear to be superficially very different, we also know that all languages are capable of expressing complex concepts and that all children acquire mastery of the language or languages to which they are exposed. The task, therefore, is to determine both the properties which languages have in common and the bounds within which they may differ. In the pursuit of these aims, the study of various languages of the Romance family has provided a rich source of material for the develop­ ment of the descriptive apparatus. Evidence of the contribution supplied by such work is apparent in references to Romance material in Chomsky (1981, 1982), in volumes such as Jaeggli (1982), Rizzi (1982a), Kayne (1984b), Burzio (1986), and in numerous papers devoted to particular constructions in a variety of Romance languages.
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  • 49
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400920453
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: 1: Modularity in Underlying Structure -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 On Defining Grammatical Relations in a Modular Theory -- 1.3 What is a Lexical Entry? -- 1.4 The Organization of Argument Structure: the Thematic Hierarchy -- 1.5 Case Theory and the Lexicon -- 1.6 S and S?: Extended X-bar Theory and the Lexical Clause Hypothesis -- 1.7 Dominance, Precedence and Phrase Markers -- Notes -- 2: Syntactic Projection and Licensing -- 2.1 Preliminaries: Licensing, the UTAH, the Projection Principle and the Theta Criterion -- 2.2 X-bar Theory and the Projection of Heads -- 2.3 Licensing Non-head Daughters: Thematic Grids and Thematic Relations -- 2.4 Functional Categories and Licensing -- 2.5 Summary -- Notes -- 3: On Configurationality Parameters -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Parametric Variation in D-Structure Principles -- 3.3 What is a Nonconfigurational Language? -- 3.4 The Empirical Evidence for D-Structure Variation -- 3.5 Summary and Conclusions -- Notes -- 4: Projection, Pronouns, and Parsing in Navajo Syntax -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 An Overview of Navajo Syntax and Morphology -- 4.3 Parsing, Null Arguments, and Grammatical Relations in Navajo -- 4.4 On Navajo Nominals as Adjuncts -- 4.5 Navajo Agreement and Incorporated Pronouns -- 4.6 Conclusion: Projection from the Lexicon in Navajo -- Notes -- 5: Concluding Remarks -- References -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789400920071
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 37
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Religion (General) ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Religion. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: One / John of the Cross -- 1.1. Preliminary Remarks -- 1.2. The Man -- 1.3. The Texts -- Two / The Doctrine of St. John of the Cross: The Structure of the Human Person -- 2.1. The Sensory Part of the Soul -- 2.2. The “Spiritual Part” of the Soul -- Three / The Doctrine of St. John of the Cross: The Dynamics of Spiritual Development -- 3.1. The Starting Point: Human Existence as “Fallen” -- 3.2. The Stages and Means of Spiritual Growth -- 3.3. The Goal of Religious Development -- Four / Some Transitional Observations on the Nature of Christian Mysticism and the Data to Be Explained -- 4.1. Toward a More Adequate Characterization of Christian Mysticism -- 4.2. The Data to Be Explained -- Five / Some Objections Considered -- 5.1 Objections Based on the Problem of Inter-Subjective Agreement -- 5.2. Objections Based on the Issue of Testability -- 5.3. Other Objections -- Six / Mysticism and the Explanatory Mode of Inference -- 6.1. Explanations and the Explanatory Mode of Inference -- 6.2. Competing Explanations of Mysticism -- 6.3. The Reasonableness of Accepting Mysticism as a Cognitive Mode of Experience -- Seven / Conclusions -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Among Anglo-American philosophers, interest in mysticism has typically been limited to the question of whether or not mystical and religious experi­ ences provide evidence for, or knowledge of, the existence and nature of God. Most authors conclude that they do not, because such experiences lack certain qualities needed in order to be counted as cognitive. In this study I examine some current philosophical opinions about mysticism and objec­ tions to its epistemic significance in the context of a detailed study of the writings of a single mystical author, the Spanish Carmelite Saint John of the Cross (1542-1591). I argue that from his works one can draw a coherent theory of what takes place in the Christian mystical life, and will indicate how acceptance of this theory might be defended as rational through a type of inference often referred to as the "Argument to the Best Explanation. " In this way I hope to show that mysticism still has a significant bearing on the justification of religious faith even if it cannot be used to "prove" the exis­ tence of God. The nature and advantages of my own somewhat unusual approach to mysticism can perhaps best be explained by contrasting it with the way other authors have dealt with the subject. One of the most striking develop­ ments in recent decades has been the growing fascination with mysticism, meditation, and the experiential aspects of religion.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789400921351
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 37
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medicine ; Medical ethics ; History ; Medicine—History. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: I. Introduction: Philosophy of Medicine in Poland -- II. The Last Follower of ‘Medical Systems’ or a Pioneer of a New Approach to Therapy? -- II.a. Text of Cha?ubi?iski: Excerpts from The Method of Finding Therapeutic Indications (1874) -- III. Edmund Biernacki on the Science of Diseases and the Art of Healing -- III.a. Text of Biernacki: Excerpts from The Essence and the Limits of Medical Knowledge (1898) -- IV. W?adys?aw Biega?ski Between the Logic of Science and the Logic of Medicine -- IV.a. Texts of Biega?ski: Excerpts from General Problems of the Theory of Medical Sciences (1897) -- Thoughts and Aphorisms on Medical Ethics (1899) -- The Logic of Medicine or the Critique of Medical Knowledge (1908) -- V. Zygmunt Kramsztyk and the Critical Evaluation of Medical Practice -- V.a. Texts of Kramsztyk: ‘Rational Treatment’ (1897) -- ‘Is Medicine an Art or a Science?’ (1895) -- ‘A Clinical Fact’ (1898) -- ‘On Being-up to Date’ (1907) -- VI. From Medical Critique to the Archives of the History and Philosophy of Medicine: The Institutionalization of Polish School of Philosophy of Medicine -- VI.a. Texts of Wrzosek and Trzebi?ski: Wrzosek: ‘Trends in contemporary medicine’ (1900) -- Trzebi?ski: ‘Rationality and ‘Rationalism’ in Medicine’ (1925) -- ‘Absurdity in Medicine’ (1927) -- VII. From Philosophy of Medicine to a Constructivist and Relativist Epistemology -- VII.a. Texts of Fleck and Bilikiewicz Fleck: ‘some Specific Features of the Medical Way of Thinking’ (1927) -- Fleck: ‘On the Crisis of ‘Reality’’ (1929) -- Fleck: ‘Science and Social Context’ (1939) -- Bilikiewicz: ‘Comments on Ludwik Fleck’s ‘Science and Social Context’’ (1939) -- Fleck: ‘Rejoinder to the Comments of Tadeusz Bilikiewicz’ (1939) -- Bilikiewicz: ‘Reply to the Rejoinder by Ludwik Fleck’ (1939) -- VIII. Conclusions: Philosophizing at the Bedside -- Name Index.
    Abstract: My 'discovery' of the Polish School of philosophy of medicine stemmed from my studies in the genesis of Ludwik Fleck's epistemology. These studies, and my interest in the scientific roots of Fleck's epistemology were a nearly 'natural' result of my own biography: like Fleck I had been trained, an had worked as an immunologist, and had later switched to studies in the social history of medicine and biology. Moreover, it so happened that Fleck's book, Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact -the description of a science as it is, not as it should be -was the first epistemological study in which I found echos of my experience in the laboratory. My interest in Fleck was also highlightened by the fact that in his works, and, as I discovered later, in the works of his predecessors of the Polish School of philosophy of medicine, was formulated the problem that had stimulated my interest in the history of medicine and biology, and is still central to my present investigations: the relationships between biological knowledge and clinical practice. The writing of the book was made possible through to the help of many colleagues and friends. The unfailing support for my research, whatever its subject might be, from my colleagues from Unit 158 of INSERM and in particular from its head Patrice Pinell, has made my study of the Polish School possible.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789400921450
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Philosophy and Religion 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy. ; Religion.
    Abstract: Series Editor’s Preface -- Foreword -- Preface -- I. The Linguistic Veto -- 1. Philosophy as scientific theory -- 2. The verification problem and religious language in Wittgenstein’s early work -- 3. The interpretation of religious statements as basic-propostitions and “quoque tu argument” -- 4. Syntactics, semantics, and pragmatics -- 5. Philosophy as linguistic-analysis -- II. On the Problem of the Use of Religious Language -- 1. Rationalist criticism of the religious proposition -- 2. The three main trends in the analytical philosophy of religion -- 3. Neutrality in method and religious interest -- 4. The uniqueness of the religious use of language -- 5. “Believing that” and “believing in” -- III. Belief Without Truth -- 1. Founding the emotive turn in meaning according to Wittgenstein. -- 2. The reduction theory of the religious statement -- 3. Existential participation -- 4. “Blik” and the decision for belief -- 5. The religious attitude and its justification -- IV. Belief as Truth -- 1. Foundation of the analytical theory of comprehension -- 2. The religious language game -- 3. Criteria for the religious use of language -- 4. Analogical principle -- 5. Intelligibility and truth -- V. Belief and Truth -- 1. The foundation of the linguistic analytical theory of truth -- 2. Is existence a predicate? -- 3. The ontological proof of God -- 4. Criticism of Ontological Proof -- 5. Eschatological Verification -- Epilogue -- Footnotes -- List of Abbreviations.
    Abstract: The task of the following considerations is the elucidation of the relationship of religion to thought. Every philosophical investigation with this task proceeds under the expectation that it will take into account religious self-understanding. Herein lies the special difficulty of a philosophical theory of religion. On the one hand, the philosopher of religion may not assume this self-understanding in order to avoid offering a religious theory (a theology) instead of the philosophical theory expected from him. On the other hand, he cannot by-pass religious self-understanding because this is the key to insight into the uniqueness of religious discourse. Without knowledge of this uniqueness, it is impossible to indicate the conditions under which religious statements lead to the question of truth. Even if religion cannot prescribe to philosophical investigation, whose methods the latter must apply to examine its object, it may in addition require that the standard by which it is measured be suited to grasp those special characteristics which mark it as different from other realms of life. Therefore, it may be required of the philosophical interpretation, that the question of the legitimacy and validity of religious self-understanding be treated from the very beginning as an open one, and not as one already decided. If this question is rashly decided in the negative, then all analysis of religious propositions is necessarily done along the guidelines of a method that in its foundation masks of the religious thematic.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401578738
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 485 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 13
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Microeconomics ; Environmental economics ; Operations research
    Abstract: I. The Evolution of Scientific Conceptions of Uncertainty and Their Social Underpinnings -- 1. Coping with Uncertainty in Natural Science: 1200–1700 -- 2. Political, Moral, and Economic Decisions and the Origins of the Mathematical Theory of Probability: The Case of Jacob Bernoulli’s The Art of Conjecturing -- 3. The Quantification of Uncertainty After 1700: Statistics Socially Constructed? -- 4. Uncertainty and the Conditioning of Beliefs -- 5. The Unity of Probability -- 6. Necessity, Chance, and Freedom -- II. Risk Analysis and Social Responsibility -- 7. Risk in Cultural Perspective -- 8. Statistical Hypothesis Tests and Statistical Power in Pure and Applied Science -- 9. Uncertainty in Environmental Risk Assessment -- 10. Uncertainty in Morals and Politics -- III. Learning and Acting Under Uncertainty -- 11. Re-Modeling Risk Aversion: A Comparison of Bernoullian and Rank Dependent Value Approaches -- 12. Neither Gullible Nor Unteachable Be: Signal Extraction and the Optimal Speed of Learning from Uncertain News -- 13. Rethinking Rational Expectations -- 14. Multiattribute Decision Models: Task Order and Group Effects -- IV. Coping With Extreme Forms of Uncertainty -- 15. Measuring Vague Uncertainties and Understanding Their Use in Decision Making -- 16. Quantifying Vagueness and Possibility: New Trends in Knowledge Representation -- 17. Chaos and Complexity in Economic and Financial Science -- 18. Information.
    Abstract: Uncertainty could be associated with wisdom, enterprise, and discovery. In ordinary speech, however, it has mostly negative connotations. There is "fear of the unknown" and "ignorance is bliss;" there are maxims to the effect that "what you don't know doesn't hurt you" (or: "bother you") in several languages. This volume suggests that we need be bothered by the excessive confidence with which scientists, particularly social scientists, present some of their conclusions and overstate their range of application. Otherwise many of the questions that should be raised about all the major uncertainties attending a particular issue routinely may continue to be thwarted or suppressed. Down playing uncertainty does not lead to more responsible or surer action, it sidetracks research agendas, and leaves the decision makers exposed to nasty surprise. This volume demonstrates that recognizing the many forms of uncertainty that enter into the development of any particular subject matter is a precondition for more responsible choice and deeper knowledge. Our purpose is to contribute to a broader appreciation of uncertainty than regularly accorded in any of the numerous disciplines represented here. The seventeenth-century French philosopher Descartes, quoted in this volume, wrote that "whoever is searching after truth must, once in his life, doubt all things; insofar as this is possible. " White areas left on maps of the world in past centuries were a much more productive challenge than marking the end of the known world with the pillars of Hercules.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400919389
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 12
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Endogenous growth (Economics) ; Economic development. ; Business. ; Management science.
    Abstract: 1/Introduction -- 2/Utility and Attitude -- 3/Choice Behavior with Respect to Durable Consumption Goods -- 4/Models for Scrapping Durable Consumption Goods -- 5/An Empirical Micro-Model of Scrapping Behavior -- 6/Reliability and Survival of a Durable Consumption Good -- 7/Evaluation and Applications -- References -- Author Index.
    Abstract: As a psychologist by education, my interest is in how people solve problems. At the Economic Institute of Leyden Universi ty, I learned that economists study human behavior too, although their studies are limited to economic affairs. At the Institute of Scientific Research on Consumer Affairs became (SWOKA), I aware of the needs of consumer organizations and the government for consumer research to base their policy on. At Erasmus University Rotterdam, I got the opportunity to integrate my interests and knowledge into this book. The first part of the book attempts to integrate psychological theories of attitude, perception, motivation and decision into economics. Both disciplines are concerned with human behavior, and the economic paradigm of demand, subj ect to restrictions, is combined with the psychological tradition of direct measurements of perceptions and motivations. This results in a micro-model of economic choice that can be tested by means of information obtained directly from consumers. The empirical study deals with the problem of scrapping a durable consumption good. By means of a consumer survey, the micro-model of choice is applied to the decision to scrap a durable good, or to repair the good in case of a defect. This individual decision obviously is connected with the large scale problem of waste, and with the manufacturer's problem of producing durable goods with a certain quality and durabili ty.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789400919440
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 129
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 129
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Religion.
    Abstract: 1. Some Further Comments on Newton and Maimonides -- 2. The Crisis of Polytheism and the Answers of Vossius, Cudworth, and Newton -- 3. Polytheism, Deism, and Newton -- 4. The Newtonians and Deism -- 5. Newton’s God of Dominion: The Unity of Newton’s Theological, Scientific, and Political Thought -- 6. Newton as a Bible Scholar -- 7. Sir Isaac Newton, “Gentleman of Wide Swallow”?: Newton and the Latitudinarians -- 8. The Breakdown of the Newtonian Synthesis of Science and Religion: Hume, Newton, and the Royal Society -- 9. Newton and Fundamentalism, II -- 10. Hume’s Interest in Newton and Science.
    Abstract: This collection of essays is the fruit of about fifteen years of discussion and research by James Force and me. As I look back on it, our interest and concern with Newton's theological ideas began in 1975 at Washington University in St. Louis. James Force was a graduate student in philosophy and I was a professor there. For a few years before, I had been doing research and writing on Millenarianism and Messianism in the 17th and 18th centuries, touching occasionally on Newton. I had bought a copy of Newton's Observations upon the Prophecies of Daniel, and the Apocalypse of St. John for a few pounds and, occasionally, read in it. In the Spring of 1975 I was giving a graduate seminar on Millenarian and Messianic ideas in the development of modem philosophy. Force was in the seminar. One day he came very excitedly up to me and said he wanted to write his dissertation on William Whiston. At that point in history, the only thing that came to my mind about Whiston was that he had published a, or the, standard translation of Josephus (which I also happened to have in my library. ) Force told me about the amazing views he had found in Whiston's notes on Josephus and in some of the few writings he could find in St. Louis by, or about, Whiston, who was Newton's successor as Lucasian Professor of mathematics at Cambridge and who wrote inordinately on Millenarian theology.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401176095
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 188 p) , digital
    Edition: Second edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Tutorial Guides in Electronic Engineering
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 General Properties of Feedback Amplifiers -- 3 Amplifiers Without Feedback -- 4 Feedback Amplifier Circuits -- 5 More About Feedback Amplifiers -- 6 The Op. Amp. — Basic Ideas and Circuits -- 7 Op. Amp. Non-idealities -- 8 Selected Op. Amp. Applications -- 9 Further Op. Amp. Applications -- Appendix: Steady-State Network Analysis using Phasors and Complex Variables -- Answers to Numerical Problems.
    Abstract: Feedback circuits in general, and op. amp. applications which embody feedback principles in particular, playa central role in modern electronic engineering. This importance is reflected in the undergraduate curriculum where it is common practice for first-year undergraduates to be taught the principles of these subjects. It is right therefore that one of the tutorial guides in electronic engineering be devoted to feedback circuits and op. amps. Often general feedback circuit principles are taught before passing on to op. amps., and the order of the chapters reflects this. It is equally valid to teach op. amps. first. A feature of the guide is that it has been written to allow this approach to be followed, by deferring the study of Chapters 2, 4 and 5 until the end. A second feature of the guide is the treatment of loading effects in feedback circuits contained in Chapter 5. Loading effects are significant in many feedback circuits and yet they are not dealt with fully in many texts. Prerequisite knowledge for a successful use of the guide has been kept to a minimum. A knowledge of elementary circuit theory is assumed, and an under­ standing of basic transistor circuits would be useful for some of the feedback circuit examples.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9789401716772
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXV, 278 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 17
    Series Statement: GeoJournal Library 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Cartography ; Regional economics ; Human Geography ; Geography. ; Spatial economics.
    Abstract: I Geographical Information Systems and Planning -- 1 Geographical information systems: the emerging requirements -- 2 The application of geographical information systems in urban and regional planning -- 3 Growth of geographical information system applications in developing countries -- II Data Management -- 4 Intelligent information systems for accessing planning databases: the San Francisco experience -- 5 Geographical information systems database design: experiences of the Dutch National Physical Planning Agency -- III Urban Planning Applications -- 6 Information management within the planning process -- 7 Fixed asset management and geographical information systems in the Netherlands -- 8 Geographic information system development in Tacoma -- IV Decision Support Systems for Land Use Plannng -- 9 Regional planning for new housing in Randstad Holland -- 10 Geographical information system applications in environmental impact assessment -- 11 A geographical information system based decision support system for environmental zoning -- 12 Multicriteria analysis and geographical information systems: an application to agricultural land use in the Netherlands -- V Spatial Analysis, Modelling and Decision Support -- 13 The application of geographical information systems in the spatial analysis of crime -- 14 Spatial analysis and geographical information systems: a review of progress and possibilities -- 15 Geographical information systems and model based analysis: towards effective decision support systems -- 16 Decision support and geographical information systems -- VI Education and Management -- 17 Education in geographical information systems -- 18 How to cope with geographical information systems in your organisation -- VII Developments in Hardware and Software -- 19 Geoprocessing and geographic information system hardware and software: looking toward the 1990s -- 20 Geographical information systems and visualization -- VIII Information Based Societies -- 21 Geographical information systems in perspective -- References -- Color plates.
    Abstract: In August 1989, a Summer Institute was held at the Academie van Bouwkunst, the seventeenth century home of Amsterdam's School of Architecture, Town Planning and Landscape. The meeting brought together experts in Geographical Information Systems from throughout the world to address an international audience of planners. The contents of this book reflect many of the themes that were presented and discussed at the conference. The Summer Institute, let alone this volume, would not have been possible without the support of the International Association for the Development and Management of Existing and New Towns (INTNAIVN), the International Society of City and Regional Planners (ISoCaRP), The National Physical Planning Agency of the Netherlands (RPD) and the Berlage Studio. We wish to acknowledge the assistance provided by these organisations and by the various sponsors: The Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment, the Municipality of Amsterdam, Logisterion b.v., ESRI, UNISYS, MABON b.v., SPSS, PRIME Computer Inc., PANDATA. The provision of hardware facilities by the various computer companies allowed immensely valuable 'hands on' experience to be gained by all the participants.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400904170
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 806 p) , digital
    Edition: Fourth Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Powder Technology
    Series Statement: Powder Technology Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Sampling of powders -- 2 Sampling of dusty gases in gas streams -- 3 Sampling and sizing from the atmosphere -- 4 Particle size, shape and distribution -- 5 Sieving -- 6 Microscopy -- 7 Interaction between particles and fluids in a gravitational field -- 8 Dispersion of powders -- 9 Incremental methods of particle size determination -- 10 Cumulative methods of sedimentation size analysis -- 11 Fluid classification -- 12 Centrifugal methods -- 13 The electrical sensing zone method of particle size distribution determination (the Coulter principle) -- 14 Radiation scattering methods of particle size determination -- 15 Permeametry and gas diffusion -- 16 Gas adsorption -- 17 Other methods for determining surface area -- 18 Determination of pore size distribution by gas adsorption -- 19 Mercury porosimetry -- 20 On-line particle size analysis -- Problems -- Appendix 1 Equipment and suppliers -- Appendix 2 Manufacturers’ and suppliers’ addresses -- Author index.
    Abstract: Powder technology is a subject in its own right, and powder characterization is central to an understanding of this discipline. In the eight years since the printing of the third edition of Particle Size Measurement there have been two big changes in my life. After thirty years of academia I have returned to industry, and after a lifetime in Great Britain I have emigrated to the United States. In industry the initial demand is to relate powder properties to product performance and then to maintain powder consistency. This requires on-line or rapid off-line analysis which, in turn, has led to the demand for a whole range of new instruments whose primary function is process monitoring. Historically, chemical engineering courses have concentrated on the be­ haviour of fluids, and engineers enter industry relatively unschooled in the subject of powder behaviour . Yet, when my colleagues Reg Davies and John Boughton surveyed three thousand Dupont products, they discovered that 80% involved powder at some stage of their manufacture. The results of this survey illustrate the need for more training in this key subject. This edition reflects the changing image of powder characterization towards in-process size analysis. Hence the chapter covering on-line analysis has been largely re-written. Apart from this, I have expanded certain sections and describe the new instruments that have been introduced since the last edition.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789400920330
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Romance languages
    Abstract: 0 Introduction -- 0.1. Introduction -- 0.2. Universal Grammar -- 0.3. Anaphora -- 0.4. Theoretical Motivation -- Notes -- 1. Theoretical Background -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Anaphors and Pronominals within PPs in Simple Sentences -- 1.3. Referential Properties of Pronominal Subjects -- 3.2. Acquisition Issues -- Note -- 2. Previous Acquisition Literature -- 2.1. Development of Locality Principles and Binding Domains -- 2.2. The Role of Lexical Properties of Verbs in Grammatical Anaphora -- 2.3. Acquisition of the Subjunctive in Spanish -- 3. Rationale and Design -- 3.1. Experimental Design: Overview -- 3.2. Experimental Test: General Description -- 3.3. Experimental Design and Hypotheses -- 4. Methods and Procedures -- 4.1. Subjects -- 4.2. General Procedures -- 5. Results -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Base Study -- 5.3. Inflection Study -- 5.4. Lexical Class Study -- Notes -- 6. Discussion -- 6.1. Overview Summary and Interpretation of Results -- 6.2. Relation to Previous Acquisition Literature -- 6.3. Conclusions -- References.
    Abstract: Linguistic theory has recently experienced a shift in its conceptual approach from the formulation of descriptively adequate accounts of languages to the definition of principles and parameters claimed to reflect the initial structure of the language faculty, often termed Universal Grammar (UG). Linguistic experience is said to have the effect of guiding the child/linguist in fixing the unspecified parameters of U G to determine the grammar of his/her language. The study of anaphora has been of central concern as it addresses directly the innateness vs. experience issue. On the one hand, it is a part of all natural languages that is largely under­ determined by the data, and must therefore be included in the characterization of the initial state of the language faculty. On the other hand, although the principles that govern anaphora do not exhibit extreme variations across languages, a child/linguist must solve language specific issues for his/her language based on linguistic experience. This book examines a set of linguistic structures from both a theoretical and an experimental perspective. The purpose is to xv PREFACE xvi determine the roles of innateness and of experience in the devel­ opment of a child's theory of anaphora for his/her language.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400918887
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée Par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 116
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 116
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Psychologism and Logical Analysis -- 1. The Debate about Psychologism -- 2. Frege’s Critique of Psychologism -- 3. Propositions and Facts -- 4. Kantian and Platonic Fragments -- 5. Senses as Modes of Givenness -- II Semantics Without Epistemology -- 1. From Semantics to Pragmatism -- 2. Wittgenstein’s Metaphors -- 3. Private Sensations and Public Concepts -- 4. Tacit and Prepositional Knowing -- III. Quantifiers and Bound Variables -- 1. Functions and Concepts -- 2. Frege’s Critique of Traditional Logic -- 3. The Quantifier-Variable Notation -- 4. Leibniz’ Law -- 5. Concepts and their value-ranges: Two Paradoxes -- 6. Substitution vs. Intuition -- IV. On What There is -- 1. The Many Senses of the Science of Being -- 2. The Theory of Substance: From Aristotle to Leibniz -- 3. Frege’s Critique of the Theory of Substance -- 4. Concepts: Modes of Presentation or Extensions -- 5. Referential Opacity -- 6. The Impoverishment of Ontology -- V. Assertion and Predication -- 1. The Development of the Modern Theory of Judgment -- 2. Intentional Directedness and Propositional Attitudes -- 3. Brentano and Frege -- 4. Strawson’s Critique of Russell -- 5. Sortal Predicates and Contextual Identification -- VI. Psychologism and Cognitive Intuition -- 1. From Soul to Mind -- 2. Husserl’s Breakthrough: Early Writings -- 3. Husserl and the Language of Modern Philosophy -- 4. Signs and Signification -- 5. Judgments and Propositions -- 6. The Context of Reference -- 7. Truth as Identity-synthesis -- 8. Categorial Intuition -- 9. A Productive Paradox -- VII. Husserl’s Transcendental Turn -- 1. Kant’s Transcendentalism -- 2. The Idea of Phenomenology -- 3. Regions and Dimensions -- 4. Propositions and Facts: A Transcendental Approach -- VIII. Reason and History -- 1. Esprit de géométrie -- 2. Naturalism and the Logical Calculus -- 3. Naturalism and Historicism -- 4. Essences and Historical Perspectives.
    Abstract: The principal differences between the contemporary philosophic traditions which have come to be known loosely as analytic philosophy and phenomenology are all related to the central issue of the interplay between predication and perception. Frege's critique of psychologism has led to the conviction within the analytic tradition that philosophy may best defend rationality from relativism by detaching logic and semantics from all dependence on subjective intuitions. On this interpretation, logical analysis must account for the relationship of sense to reference without having recourse to a description of how we identify particulars through their perceived features. Husserl' s emphasis on the priority and objective import of perception, and on the continuity between predicative articulations and perceptual discriminations, has yielded the conviction within the phenomenological tradition that logical analysis should always be comple­ mented by description of pre-predicative intuitions. These methodological differences are related to broader differences in the philosophic projects of analysis and phenomenology. The two traditions have adopted markedly divergent positions in reaction to the critique of ancient and medieval philosophy initiated by Bacon, Descartes, and Hobbes at the beginning of the modern era. The analytic approach generally endorses the modern preference for calculative rationality and remains suspicious of pre-modern categories, such as formal causality and eidetic intuition. Its goal is to give an account of human intelligence that is compatible with the modern interpretation of nature as an ensemble of quantifiable entities and relations.
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789400918825
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (468p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education Philosophy ; Humanities ; Education—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Cognitive Inquiry and the Philosophy of Mind -- Prologue: What is Mind? -- Current Issues in the Philosophy of Mind -- I: Computational Conceptions -- Machines and the Mental -- What’s in a Mind? -- II: Connectionist Conceptions -- Connectionism, Eliminativism, and the Future of Folk Psychology -- On the Proper Treatment of Connectionism -- III: Representational Conceptions -- Semantics, Wisconsin Style -- Cognitive Science and the Problem of Semantic -- IV: Mentality and Intentionally -- The Primacy of the Intention -- Intentionality and Its Place in Nature -- V: Epistemology and Cognition -- Why Reason Can’t Be Naturalized -- The Relation Between Epistemology and Psychology -- VI: The Mental and the Physical -- Two Versions of the Identity Theory -- A Bridge Between Cognitive Science and Neuroscience: The Functional Architecture of Mind -- Epilogue: Conflicting Conceptions -- Language and Mentality: Computational, Representational, and Dispositional Conceptions -- Selected Bibliography -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information, and data-processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human. (other) animal, or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psychology through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual, and epistemological aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimental, and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. No problem within the field of cognitive inquiry is more difficult than that of developing an adequate conception of the nature of mind and of its mode of operation. Our purpose in compiling the present volume has been to contribute to the pursuit of this objective by bringing together a repre­ sentative cross-section of the principal approaches and the primary players who are engaged in contemporary debate on these crucial issues. The book begins with a comprehensive introduction composed by David Cole, the senior editor of this work, which provides a background for understanding the major problems and alternative solutions, and ends with a selected bibliography intended to promote further research. If our efforts assist others in dealing with these issues, they will have been worthwhile. J. H. F. David J. Cole et at. (eds. ), Philosophy, Mind, and Cognitive Inquiry, ix.
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  • 62
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400904958
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 212
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Conditioning of Events versus Causal Conditioning -- 1. Kinds of events and kinds of conditions -- 2. Some properties of the relation of conditioning: symmetry and transitivity -- 3. Temporal relations among events. The broadest interpretation of causal conditioning -- 4. A narrower interpretation of causal conditioning: events as changes -- 5. Other narrower approaches to causal determination -- 6. Relations among events, among features and among variables -- 7. Kinds of methods of establishing causal relations -- 8. Conclusions -- II. The Simplest Case of Causal Analysis -- 1. Preliminary remarks -- 2. Statistical relationship -- 3. Dichotomous systems -- 4. Interactions among variables -- 5. Causal relationship as a relationship which is not spurious -- 6. Probabilistic definition of cause -- 7. Cause as a necessary component of a sufficient condition -- 8. Conclusions -- III. The Causal Interpretation of Relationships in Non-experimental Single Studies -- 1. The occurrence and non-occurrence of causal relationships -- 2. Intensity of causal relationships -- IV. Verification of Statements on Causal Relationships in Diachronic Research -- 1. Kinds of processes and methods of studying changes -- 2. The panel method and the verification of statements on causal relationships -- V. Verification of Statements on Causal Relationships in Experimental Research -- 1. Classical experiment -- 2. Experiment with four groups and with the possibility of controlling the effect of the first study -- 3. Incomplete schemata of experiments -- 4. Enriched schemata of experiments -- 5. Conclusions -- VI. Causal Analyses and Theoretical Analyses -- 1. Causal analyses as theories -- 2. Causal “models” -- 3. The concept of cause -- 4. The problem of determinism -- VII. Human Beings and Collectivities. The Problem of the “Level of Analysis” in Sociology -- 1. Three meanings of membership in a collectivity -- 2. Social wholes -- 3. Classification of variables -- 4. Contextual properties -- 5. Ecological correlation -- 6. Reductionism -- Concluding Remarks: Problems Raised and Results Obtained -- Notes -- Bibliographical Postscript -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: The general treatment of problems connected with the causal conditioning of phenomena has traditionally been the domain of philosophy, but when one examines the relationships taking place in the various fields, the study of such conditionings belongs to the empirical sciences. Sociology is no exception in that respect. In that discipline we note a certain paradox. Many problems connected with the causal conditioning of phenomena have been raised in sociology in relatively recent times, and that process marked its empirical or even so-called empiricist trend. That trend, labelled positivist, seems in this case to be in contradiction with a certain type of positivism. Those authors who describe positivism usually include the Humean tradition in its genealogy and, remembering Hume's criticism of the concept of cause, speak about positivism as about a trend which is inclined to treat lightly the study of causes and confines itself to the statements on co-occurrence of phenomena.
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  • 63
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400921511
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 39
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, medieval ; Philosophy, modern ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Averroes’ Book of Questions in Physics -- Question One -- Question Two -- Question Three -- Question Four -- Question Five -- Question Six -- Question Seven -- Question Eight -- Question Nine -- Index of Passages Quoted in the Notes -- Index of Names and Subjects.
    Abstract: overall title and the commentary of Narboni, but in which the treatise is given a close association rath De Substantia Orbis VII, which immedi­ ately follows it in the text. This third version is the sole case in which a Hebrew translator can be named: the translation was made by Todros Todrosi in the year 1340. The only conclusion to be drawn from his translation is that Todrosi may definitively be eliminated as the translator of any of the other ver­ sions. However, we may be able to draw a tentative conclusion as to the formation of the Hebrew collection. The earliest evidence for the existence of the nine treatise collec­ tion is the commentary of Narboni, completed in 1349. The fact that nine years earlier one treatise could be attached to a work outside the corpus may indicate that the Hebrew collection of nine treatises was formed during those nine years, or mar even indicate that Narboni him­ self collected the various treatises. 5 Narboni, however, was not the translator of these works In fact, no 1 definitive indication of the translator's identity exists. 6 3. The Nature of the Question-Form Steinschneider offered the following general characterization of Aver­ roes' Quaestiones: These are mostly brief discussions, more or less answers to questions; they may be partially occasioned by topics i9 his commentaries and may be considered as appendices to them.
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9789400921191
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 260 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 215
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Philosophy, medieval ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Nominalism and Constructivism -- 1. Some of the main problems in historical nominalism in relation with the nominalism of Camap’s “Logical Structure of the World” -- 2. Anti-metaphysics and metaphysics, or from ontological neutrality to ontological commitment -- 3. A minimalistic ontological program -- 4. General outline of the new ontology -- 3 Ontology and Epistemology from Empiricism to Conventionalism -- 1. Ontological commitment and empiristic considerations -- 2. “Wovon man nicht sprechen kann, darüber muss man schweigen” -- 3. Science is of the general -- 4. Things are sums of qualities -- 5. Evolution towards conventionalism -- 4 Logical Semantics and Ontology -- 1. General outline of some basic problems of logical semantics -- 2. The theory of signification and supposition of Ockham -- 3. Nelson Goodman’s extensionalistic solution -- 5 Linguistic Semantics -- 1. Behaviourism in semantics -- 2. Ockham on the relation between thought and language -- 3. Evolution, cognitivism and the notion of conceptual scheme -- 6 The Individual Ontology and Ideology -- 1. The roots of the problem -- 2. Ontology. The constructivistic individual -- 3. Ideology -- 7 Particular and General -- 1. Building a world out of general abstract elements -- 2. Building a world out of particular concrete elements -- 3. Strawson on the particularities of general terms -- 4. Is perception basically perception of what is particular? -- 5. How do children in fact learn language? -- 8 Thought and Language Intentions and Intensions -- 1. Nominalists and empiricists on universals, concepts, intensions -- 2. Knowledge of brain mechanisms in the past -- 3. Behaviourism versus mentalism -- 4. G.D. Wassermann: a neuropsychological model of thought and language -- 9 Nominalism, Empiricism and Conventionalism -- 1. Ockham’s scepticism -- 2. Induction and contemporary nominalism -- 3. Conventionalism versus scientific realism -- Notes -- 1 -- 2 -- 3 -- 4 -- 5 -- 6 -- 7 -- 8 -- 9.
    Abstract: Though the subject of this work, "nominalism and contemporary nom­ inalism", is philosophical, it cannot be fully treated without relating it to data gathered from a great variety of domains, such as biology and more especially ethology, psychology, linguistics and neurobiology. The source of inspiration has been an academic work I wrote in order to obtain a postdoctoral degree, which is called in Belgium an "Aggregaat voor het Hoger Onderwijs" comparable to a "Habilitation" in Germany. I want to thank the National Fund of Scientific Research, which accorded me several grants and thereby enabled me to write the academic work in the first place and thereafter this book. I also want to thank Prof. SJ. Doorman (Technical University of Delft) and Prof. G. Nuchelmans (University of Leiden), who were members of the jury of the "Aggre­ gaatsthesis", presented to the Free University of Brussels in 1981 and who by their criticisms and suggestions encouraged me to write the present book, the core of which is constituted by the general ideas then formulated. I am further obliged to Mr. X, the referee who was asked by Jaakko Hintikka to read my work and who made a series of constructive remarks and recom­ mendations. My colleague Marc De Mey (University of Ghent) helped me greatly with the more formal aspects of my work and spent too much of his valuable time and energy to enable me to deliver a presentable copy. All remaining shortcomings are entirely my responsibility. I asked Prof.
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  • 65
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    ISBN: 9789400906877
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Reason and Argument 3
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Towards Philosophy -- Logical Concerns of Philosophical Analysis -- Ontologies and Ontologics -- Truth, Sense and Assertion, or: What Plato Should Have Told the Sophists -- Identity over Time -- Two Levels of Modality: An Algebraic Approach -- Elzenberg’s Logic of Values -- When May G.E.Moore’s Definition of an Internal Relation Be Used Rationally? -- II. Historical Perspective -- History of Logic and the Criteria of Rationality -- On the Origin of Reductio AD Absurdum -- Premonition of Mathematical Logic in Aristotle’s Prior Analytics -- “Impossibilia” of Siger of Brabant -- Defending Theses in Mathematics at a 19th Century University -- Basic Norm and Metalanguage. Historical Background of Kelsen’s Ideas -- III. Logic and Natural Language -- Early Systems of Formal Pragmatics -- Deduction and the Concept of Assertion -- Methodological Interdependencies between Conceptualization and Operationalization in Empirical Social Sciences -- Game-Theoretical Semantics Applied to Definite Descriptions and Anaphora -- On Logical Analysis of Ordinary Sentences -- Game Theoretical Semantics with Value-Gaps and Discourse Analysis -- The Semantic and Formal Connections between Text Components -- Index of Names.
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  • 66
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400920897
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (356p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 214
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. On the Origin of the Philosophical Investigations -- 2. Language-Games as Context of Meaning -- 1. The psychological theory of meaning -- 2. Horizontal and vertical language-games -- 3. Agreement in Forms of Life -- 1. Internal relations -- 2. Justifications without end, end without justification.. -- 3. Forms of life and constitutive rules -- 4. My Mind: First Person Statements -- 1. Robinson Crusoe and private language -- 2. Four misleading analogies -- 3. Description of one’s inner -- 5. Other Minds: Third Person Statements -- 1. The asymmetry of observation and expression -- 2. The hidden inner -- 3. ‘Einstellung zur Seele’ -- 4. ‘Menschenkenntnis’ and indeterminacy -- 6. The Meaning of Aspects -- 1. ‘Meaning-theory’ versus ‘Gestalt-theory’ -- 2. Seeing-as and organization -- 3. Seeing-as and interpretation -- 4. Seeing and thinking -- 5. Secondary meaning and aspect -- 7. The Grammar of Psychological Concepts -- 1. Sensations and impressions -- 2. Emotions -- 3. Images and fancies -- 4. Inner states’ and expecting -- 5. Feelings of tendency -- 6. Willing -- 8. Conclusion: Wittgenstein and the Turing Test -- Appendix of German Quotations.
    Abstract: Wittgenstein's aphoristic style holds great charm, but also a great danger: the reader is apt to glean too much from a single fragment and too little from the fragments as a whole. In my first confron­ tations with the Philosophical Investigations I was such a reader, and so, it turned out, were most of the writers on Wittgenstein's later philosophy. Wittgenstein's remarkable ability to bring together many facets of his thought in one fragment is fully exploited in the critical literature; but hardly any attention is paid to the connection with other fragments, let alone to the many hitherto unpublished manuscripts of which the Philosophical Investigations is the final product. The result of this fragmentary and ahistorical approach to Wittgenstein's later work is a host of contradictory interpretations. What Wittgenstein really wanted to say remains insufficiently clear. Opinions are also strongly divided about the value of his work. Some authors have been encouraged by his aphorisms and rhetorical questions to dismiss the whole Cartesian tradition or to halt new movements in linguistics or psychology; others, exasperated, reject his philo­ sophy as anti-scientific conceptual conservatism. After consulting unpublished notebooks and manuscripts which Wittgenstein wrote between 1929 and 1951, I became a very different reader. Wittgenstein turned out to be a kind of Leonardo da Vinci, who pursued a form from which every sign of chisel­ ling, every attempt at improvement, had been effaced.
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789400920798
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (688p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 124
    DDC: 530.01
    Keywords: Physics ; Science Philosophy ; History
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  • 68
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400920477
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 38
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; History. ; Mathematics.
    Abstract: I. The Traditional Syllogism -- 1. Whately and the Revival of Formal Logic -- 2. Euclid and the Syllogism -- 3. Reid, Hamilton and Mansel on Relational Inferences -- II. First Thoughts on the Copula -- 1. The Two Copulas -- 2. First Notions of Logic -- 3. Relations and Identity -- III. Generalizing the Copula -- 1. The Abstract Copula -- 2. The Bicopular Syllogism and the Composition of Relations -- 3. Oblique Inferences and De Morgan’s Dictum -- IV. The Problem of Form and Matter -- 1. “Sundry Perversions of the Syllogistic Form” -- 2. The Material Copula -- 3. De Morgan’s Response -- 4. The Issues -- 5. Heads and Tails -- V. The Logic of Relations -- 1. Philosophical Preliminaries -- 2. General Logic of Relations -- 3. Properties of Relations -- 4. Singular Relational Syllogisms (Unit Syllogisms) -- 5. Quantified Relational Syllogisms -- 6. The Limited Unit Syllogism -- 7. The Ordinary Syllogism and the Relational Syllogism -- VI. The Logic of Relations and the Theory of the Syllogism -- 1. The Two Views -- 2. Objective View—The Basic Account -- 3. Objective View—The Relational Form -- 4. The Subjective View -- VII. Logic and Mathematics -- 1. “A Mathematical Logic” -- 2. Algebraic Techniques and Analogies in Logic -- 3. Logic and Geometrical Proof -- 4. Logic and Algebraic Reasoning -- 5. Form in Algebra and Logic -- 6. Conclusions -- VIII. A Rigorous Formulation -- 1. Basic Issues -- 2. The System D -- 3. Properties of Inclusion and Identity -- 4. De Morgan’s Basic Identities -- 5. Theorem K -- 6. Properties of Relations -- 7. Additional Inclusion Laws -- 8. The Full System of Three-Relation Terms -- 9. De Morgan’s Logic with Identity -- 10. More Properties of Relations -- 11. A Surrogate for Quantification Theory -- 12. Postscript-1864 -- 13. De Morgan’s Conjectures -- Notes.
    Abstract: The middle years of the nineteenth century saw two crucial develop­ ments in the history of modern logic: George Boole's algebraic treat­ ment of logic and Augustus De Morgan's formulation of the logic of relations. The former episode has been studied extensively; the latter, hardly at all. This is a pity, for the most central feature of modern logic may well be its ability to handle relational inferences. De Morgan was the first person to work out an extensive logic of relations, and the purpose of this book is to study this attempt in detail. Augustus De Morgan (1806-1871) was a British mathematician and logician who was Professor of Mathematics at the University of London (now, University College) from 1828 to 1866. A prolific but not highly original mathematician, De Morgan devoted much of his energies to the rather different field of logic. In his Formal Logic (1847) and a series of papers "On the Syllogism" (1846-1862), he attempted with great ingenuity to reformulate and extend the tradi­ tional syllogism and to systematize modes of reasoning that lie outside its boundaries. Chief among these is the logic of relations. De Mor­ gan's interest in relations culminated in his important memoir, "On the Syllogism: IV and on the Logic of Relations," read in 1860.
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789400920279
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 32
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics ; Phenomenology ; Comparative Literature ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: One The Life Significance of Literature -- A. History and Phenomenological Literary Theory -- The Concept of Autonomous Art and Literature Within Their Historical Context -- B. Time and Description in Fiction -- On the Manifold Significance of Time in the Novel -- One Autobiographer’s Reality: Robbe-Grillet -- Heidegger and English Poetry -- Expressionist Signs and Metaphors in Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time -- Two Phenomenology and Literature: The Human Conditon -- A. The Primeval Sources of Literary Creation -- Faulkner/Lévinas: The Vivacity of Disaster -- The Recursive Matrix: Jealousy and the Epistemophilic Crisis -- Phenomenology and the Structure of Desirability -- B. The Experience of the Other -- The Voice of Luxembourg Poets -- The Ramatoulaye-Aissatou Styles in Contemporary African Feminism(s) -- Nature and Civilization as Metaphor in Michel Rio’s Dreaming Jungles -- Problems of Literary Expression in Les Nourritures Terrestres -- Lucie Sebetka: The Phenomenon of Abandonment in Milan Kundera’s The Joke -- Three Aesthetic Reception -- A. Life-Reverberation and Aesthetic Enjoyment -- “Essential Witnesses”: Imagism’s Aesthetic “Protest” and “Rescue” via Ancient Chinese Poetry -- Towards a Post-Modern Hermeneutic Ontology of Art: Nietzschean Style and Heideggerian Truth -- Le Véritable Saint Genest: From Text to Performance -- B. The Existential Significance of Aesthetic Enjoyment -- Husserl, Fantasy and Possible Worlds -- Phenomenological Ontology and Second Person Narrative: The Case of Butor and Fuentes -- Modifications: A Reading of Auden and Iser -- C. Aesthetic Reception and the Other Arts -- A Study of Visual Form in Literary Imagery -- Indian and Western Music: Phenomenological Comparison from Tagore’s Viewpoint -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: and the one in the middle which judges as he enjoys and enjoys as he judges. This latter kind really reproduces the work of art anew. The division of our Symposium into three sections is justified by the fact that phenomenology, from Husserl, Heidegger, Moritz Geiger, Ingarden, in Germany and Poland, Merleau-Ponty, Paul Ricoeur, E. Levinas in France, Unamuno in Spain, and Tymieniecka, in the United States, have revealed striking coincidences in trying to answer the following questions: What is the philosophical vocation of literature? Does literature have any significance for our lives? Why does the lyric moment, present in all creative endeavors, in myth, dance, plastic art, ritual, poetry, lift the human life to a higher and authentically human level of the existential experience of man? Our investigations answer our fundamental inquiry: What makes a literary work a work of art? What makes a literary work a literary work, if not aesthetic enjoyment? As much as the formation of an aesthetic language culminates in artistic creation, the formation of a philosophical language lives within the orbit of creative imagination.
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    ISBN: 9789400905573
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Technology 7
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Ethics ; History ; Technology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I The Nature of Philosophy of Technology -- In Search of a New Prometheus -- Defining Horizons: A Reply to Joseph C. Pitt -- Process Themes in Frederick Ferré’s Philosophy of Technology -- Clarifying and Applying Intelligence: A Reply to Peter Limper -- II Deficiencies in Engineering Ethics -- Imagination for Engineering Ethicists -- Engineering Ethics and Political Imagination -- III Systems Theories -- Computer and World Picture: A Critical Appraisal of Herbert A. Simon -- Changes in Cognitive and Value Orientations in System Design -- IV Historical, Cultural, and Political Critiques -- Democratic Socialism and Technological Change -- Philosophy, Engineering, and Western Culture -- Alternatives for Evaluating the Effects of Genetic Engineering on Human Development -- The Alarmist View of Technology -- An Interpretation of Jacques Ellul’s Dialectical Method.
    Abstract: BACKGROUND: DEPARTMENTS, SPECIALIZATION, AND PROFESSIONALIZATION IN AMERICAN HIGHER EDUCATION For over half of its history, U.S. higher education turned out mostly cler­ gymen and lawyers. Looking back on that period, we might be tempted to think that this meant specialized training for the ministry or the practice of law. That, however, was not the case. What a college education in the U.S. prepared young men (almost exclusively) for, from the founding of Harvard College in 1636 through the founding of hundreds of denominational colleges in the first two-thirds of the nineteenth century, was leadership in the community. Professionalization and specialization only began to take root, and then became the dominant mode in U.S. higher education, in the period roughly from 1860--1920. In subsequent decades, that seemed to many critics to signal the end of what might be called "education in wisdom," the preparation of leaders for a broad range of responsibilities. Professionalization, specialization, and departmentalization of higher education in the U.S. began in the last quarter of the nineteenth century.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789400905559
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (464p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 31
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Anthropology
    Abstract: Introductory Study -- The Human Condition within the Unity-of-Everything-There-Is-Alive: A Challenge to Philosophical Anthropologies -- I The Phenomenology of the Moral Sense of Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka -- The Moral Sense: An Appraisal -- The Phenomenologico-Sociological Conception of the “Human Being-on-the-Brink-of-Existence”: A New Approach to Socio-Communal Psychiatry -- II Human Selfhood and Personal Identity Within Communal Bonds -- Truth, Authenticity, and Culture -- Man within the Limit of the I: Some Considerations on Husserl’s Philosophy from the Thought of Nicola Abbagnano -- Narrating the Self -- Sartre’s Account of the Self in The Transcendence of the Ego -- The Concept of “Person” between Existence and the Realm of Life -- The Truth and Identity of a Person and of a People -- III The Moral Sense, Ethics, and Social Justice -- Ethics and Subjectivity Today -- Moral Sense, Community, and the Individual: Georg Simmel’s Position in an Ongoing Discussion -- Personal Identity and Concrete Values -- The Moral Act -- Scientific Phenomenology and Bioethics -- Social Justice on Trial: The Verdict of History -- The Justice of Mercy: Reflections on Law, Social Theory and Heidegger’s “Everyday” -- Ceki? und Lukács über die Ontologie des gesellschaftlichen Seins: Die Prioritätsfrage -- The Phenomenology of Value and the Value of Phenomenology -- IV Human Selfhood, Will, Personal Development, and Community Life in a Psychiatric Perspective -- Some Epistemological Aspects of Present-Day Psychopathology -- Ethics in the Psyche’s Individuating Development towards the Self -- Free Will in Psychopaths: A Phenomenological Description -- The Problem of the Unconscious in the Later Thought of L. Binswanger: A Phenomenological Approach to Delusion in Perception and Communication -- The Unattainability of the Norm -- “The Emotional Residence”: An Italian Experience of the Treatment of Chronic Psychosis -- Hacia un concepto significativo de lo patologico y lo sano, de lo anormal y lo normal -- Husserl, Child Education, and Creativity -- Recovering the Moral Sense of Health Care from Academic Reification -- V The Historicity of the Human Person: Development, Intersubjectivity, Truth and Time -- Edmund Husserl: Intersubjectivity between Epoché and History -- The Development of Time Consciousness from Husserl to Heidegger -- Husserl’s Concept of Horizon: An Attempt at Reappraisal -- Mead and Merleau-Ponty: Meaning, Perception, and Behavior -- The Role of Historicity in Man’s Creative Experience: A Comparative Analysis of the Ideas of Kant, Hegel, Husserl, Heidegger, and the Hermeneutical School -- The Reality and Structure of Time: A Neo-Hegelian Paradox in the Conceptual Network of Phenomenology -- Time, Truth, and Culture in Husserl and Hegel -- Index of Names.
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9789400918641
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (520p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 29
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind. ; Self.
    Abstract: Inaugural Lecture -- Phenomenology of Life and the New Critique of Reason: From Husserl’s Philosophy to the Phenomenology of Life and of the Human Condition -- I Human Life, Existents, Beingness -- The Paradox of Human Life in the Thought of Miguel De Unamuno -- The Current of Living in the Existential-I-Subject According to the Philosophy of J. G. Fichte -- La cause de l’homme: Juste un individu -- Individuality and Universality -- On What Exists -- Ideal Objects and Skepticism: A Polemical Point in Logical Investigations -- II Philosophy of Life in Spanish Philosophical Thought -- Phenomenological “Life”: A New Look at the Philosophical Enterprise in Ortega y Gasset -- Ortega — Phenomenologist -- Ortega’s Philosophy and Modern Psychology -- Ortega y Gasset: On Being Liberal in Spain -- Society as Aristocratic: Towards a Clarification of the Meaning of “Society” in Ortega’s The Revolt of the Masses -- III Life and Experience -- The Poetic Instinct of Life -- Creation and the Meaning of Life in the Thinking of Antonio Machado -- Notes on a Phenomenology of the Divine in Maria Zambrano -- IV Creativity, Self-Interpretation-in-Existence and Historical Praxis -- The Auto-Creation of Human Life in the Philosophy of Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka -- Art as Self-Interpretation-in-Existence in Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka -- Self-Interpretation-in-Existence and its Legitimation -- Man’s Interpretation of Himself and Historical Praxis -- V Human Communication and Openness in the Life-World -- From the Phenomenological Notion of the World to its Existential Condition -- The Problem of Communication in Merleau-Ponty -- The Human Openness in Xavier Zubiri -- The “Life-World” and the Crisis of Psychology -- VI From Experience to Interpretation -- The Analytics of the “Dynamics of Horizons” in Husserl’s Analysen zur passiven Synthesis -- The Mirror of Interpretations and Husserlian Discourse -- Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s Logic of Ambiguity -- Existence and the Mirror: Reflections on Self-Perception in the Work of Merleau-Ponty -- VII Dialogical Experience and Intersubjectivity in Phenomenological Praxeology: Psychology, Psychiatry, and Medicine -- The Dialogical Experience: Transcendental Intersubjectivity and Communicative Praxis -- Ontologia de la existencia y conciencia moral en E. Tugendhat -- Subjectivity and Transcendence: Husserl’s Criticism of Naturalistic Thought -- Aspects of Heidegger’s Concept of Thought, Alienation and Enrooting -- Phenomenological Analysis of Autobiographical Texts: A Design Based on Personal Construct Psychology -- Medical Objectivism and Abstract Pathology: Two Critical Texts -- Concluding Part Humanism and the Opening of Reason Toward Life -- Husserl and Sartre: From Phenomenology to Integral Humanism -- Intentionality: Reality, Logos, and Open-endedness -- Phénoménologie explicative et herméneutique dans la philosophie de Maurice Merleau-Ponty -- Index of Names.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400921399
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 41
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    Keywords: Linguistics Philosophy ; Linguistics ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Multiple Indexing -- 1 A basic intensional language -- 2 ‘Now’ and ‘then’ -- 3 ‘Actually’ -- 4 Indices and world variables -- 5 Mediated relations -- 6 A second-order treatment -- II Ontological Commitment -- 7 Possibilist quantification -- 8 Possibilities -- 9 Intersentential operators -- 10 Substitutional quantification -- 11 Modality and supervenience -- 12 Counterpart theory -- III Indexical Quantification -- 13 Generalized quantifiers -- 14 Quantifiers as indexical operators -- 15 Time and world quantifiers -- 16 Context and indices.
    Abstract: In ordinary discourse we appear to ta1k about many things that have seemed mysterious to philosophers. We say that there has been a hitch in our arrangements or that the solution to the problem required us to examine all the probable outcomes of our action. So it would seem that we speak as if in addition to eloeks, mountains, queens and grains of sand there are hitches, arrangements, solutions, probiems, and probable outcomes. It is not immediately obvious when we must take such ta1k as really assuming that there are such to develop tests for things, and one of the tasks in this book is discerning what has eome to be called ontological commitment, in naturallanguage. Among the entities that natural language appears to make reference to are those connected with temporal and modal discourse, times, possibilities, and so on. Such entities play a crueial role in the kind of semantieal theories that I and others have defended over many years. These theories are based on the idea that an essential part of the meaning of a sentence is constituted by the conditions under whieh that sentenee is true. To know what a sentence says is to know what the world would have to be !ike for that sentence to be true.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789400919624
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 14
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 14
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology. ; Political science.
    Abstract: One — Gamed Simulations for Social Scientists -- Gaming in the College Classroom -- Scientific Gaming -- Gamed Simulation -- Social Science Research with Gamed Simulations -- Games Versus Real Life -- The Industrial Revolution -- Starpower -- Research Design -- Stratification in Agrarian and Industrial Society Contrasted -- Findings About Conflict and Change -- What is a Gamed Simulation? -- Simulation -- Gamed Simulations -- two — History of Gamed Simulation in Social Science Research -- Inter-Nation Simulation (INS) -- Simsoc (Simulated Society) -- Starpower -- High School -- Generation Gap -- The Commons Game -- Conclusion -- three — Theory -- Social Structure -- Open and Closed Social Systems -- Implications of Social Structure for Empirical Predictions Concerning Play of Starpower -- Status Characteristics -- The Intergroup Association Block -- The Formation of Interests and Perceptions -- Group Size and the Organization of Interest Groups -- The Second Round -- Rule Change Portion of the Game and Class Conflict -- Mobilization -- Group Interaction -- Rule Changes -- Elite Theory -- Law -- Repression -- Collective Action -- The Results of Repression and Collective Action -- Four — History and Rules of Starpower -- History -- How Starpower is Played -- Transcript of a Play of Starpower -- Five — Operationalization of Concepts of the Theory Model -- The Social Structural Block: Manipulated Variables -- Variables of the Status Characteristics Block -- Round 2 -- The Rule Change Portion of the Game -- Round 3 -- Six — Hypotheses to be Tested in the Starpower Simulation -- Components of the Theoretical Model -- Round 2 -- The End of Round 2 -- The Rule Change Portion of the Game -- Round 3 -- Summary of the Hypotheses -- Seven — Research Procedures -- The Classroom Groups -- Player Characteristics -- Size of Societies -- Size of Social Classes -- Late Arriving Players -- Starpower and the Sociology and Social Anthropology Curriculum -- Game Administration -- Identification Tags -- Player’s Logs -- Timing of Rounds -- Standardized Bonus Rounds -- Round 3 -- Rule Changes -- Collective Action -- Debriefing -- Summary -- Eight — Qualitative Analysis of Starpower -- The Day We Played Starpower: Observations by a Fictitious Player -- Group Bonus -- Motility -- Rule Changes -- Collective Action -- Comments by Players -- Summary of the Observations -- Nine — Findings from the Quantitative Analysis of Collective Action in Starpower -- Round 1 -- Round 2 -- Transition Period at the end of Round 2 -- Rule Changes -- Verbal Interactions -- Collective Action -- Round 3 -- Summary of Data Analysis -- Afterword -- Appendix a — Sample Scoresheet -- References.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789400919525
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (492p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Technology, Risk, and Society, An International Series in Risk Analysis 4
    DDC: 333.7
    Keywords: Environmental sciences ; Environmental management ; Social sciences
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789400905054
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Primary Sources in Phenomenology 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ontology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Brentano and Marty on Content: A Synthesis suggested by Brentano -- 1 Brentano’s Final View -- 2 Attribution in Modo Recto and in Modo Obliquo -- 3 Object and Content -- 4 Other Intentional Attitudes -- 5 Immanent Objects and Transcendent Objects -- 6 Conclusion -- Marty’s Philosophical Grammar -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Descriptive Psychology of Meaning: Linguistic Functions -- 3 Propositions Show What would be the Case were they True -- 4 Vagueness -- 5 Meaning Change, Inner Form and Universals -- 6 Marty and Wittgenstein: Two Conceptions of Philosophical Grammar -- Meaning and Expression: Marty and Grice on Intentional Semantics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Philosophy of Language as a General Theory -- 3 Natural and Non-Natural Meaning -- 4 Primary and Secondary Intentions -- 5 Auto-Semantic Language Devices -- 6 Conclusion -- Marty on Form and Content in Language -- 1 Inner Speech Form in some of Marty’s Early Works -- 2 Logic, Grammar and Psychology -- 3 Form and Content in Marty’s Later Works -- 4 Some Fundamental Tenets of Universal Grammar -- Why a Proper Name has a Meaning: Marty and Landgrebe vs. Kripke -- 1 Preliminaries -- 2 Kripke’s View -- 3 The Question of the Semantic Status of Proper Names -- 4 Meaning and Lexical Meaning -- 5 Reference and Meaning in Marty -- 6 Ambiguity and Vagueness -- 7 Landgrebe’s Solution -- 8 Conclusion -- The Categorical and the Thetic Judgement Reconsidered -- 1 Marty and Transformational Grammar -- 2 Categorical and Thetic Judgements -- 3 Reinterpreting the Categorical-Thetic Distinction -- 4 Conclusion -- Classical and Modern Work on Universals: The Philosophical Background and Marty’s Contribution -- 1 Categories of Meaning vs. Categories of Expression -- 2 Relativism and Colour -- 3 Natural Non-Absolute Universals -- Marty and Magnus on Colours -- Brentano and Marty: An Inquiry into Being and Truth -- 1 Aristotle and Brentano -- 2 Existence and Reality -- 3 Bases and Operations -- 4 Collectives are Non-Real -- 5 Relations are Non-Real -- 6 Space is Non-Real -- 7 States of Affairs are Non-Real -- 8 On the Origins of our Concepts of Existence and Truth -- 9 A Correspondence Theory of Intentionality -- 10 The Ontology of Truth -- 11 Wertverhalte or Value-Contents -- 12 A Postscript on Martian Aesthetics -- Marty on Grounded Relations -- Marty on Time -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Tasks of a Philosophy of Time -- 3 Marty on the Ontology of Time -- 4 Marty on the Consciousness of Time -- 5 Conclusion -- Marty’s Theory of Space -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Marty’s Two Basic Metaphysical Theses -- 3 A Sketch of Marty’s Argument -- 4 Conclusion -- Judgement-Contents -- 1 Preliminary Remark -- 2 Conceptual Framework -- 3 Marty’s Judgement-Contents -- 4 Comments -- 5 Final Remark -- of Consciousness and States of Affairs: Daubert and Marty -- 1 Phenomenologists and Brentanists -- 2 Marty on Subjectless Sentences -- 3 Daubert’s Discussion of Marty -- 4 Shortcomings in Marty -- 5 Marty’s Theory in Phenomenological Perspective -- Marty and the Lvov-Warsaw School -- Two Letters from Marty to Husserl -- A Bibliography of Works by and on Anton Marty -- 1 Works by Marty -- 2 Works on Marty -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400919426
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (225p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 48
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: 1: Concessions -- Are There Counterexamples to the Closure Principle? -- Relevant Alternatives and Demon Scepticism -- Arbitrary Reasons -- Metaepistemology and Skepticism -- Skepticism and Rationality -- Epistemic Universalizability: From Skepticism to Infallibilism -- Epistemic Compatibilism and Canonical Beliefs -- 2: Denials -- Klein on Certainty and Canonical Beliefs -- Two Roads to Skepticism -- Justifying Beliefs: The Dream Hypothesis and Gratuitous Entities -- Doubts About Skepticism -- Skepticism and Everyday Knowledge Attributions -- Knowledge in Context, Skepticism in Doubt: The Virtue of Our Faculties -- The Epistemology of Belief -- Brains Don’t Lie: They Don’t Even Make Many Mistakes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: During the summer of 1986 one of the co-editors was a fellow at the Summer Institute in Epistemology held at the University of Colorado in Boulder. It was there that the idea for this volume was born. It was clear from the discussions taking place at the i Institute that works such as Robert Nozick's Philosophical Explanations and Barry 2 Stroud's The Significance of Philosophical Scepticism were beginning to have an impact and it was also clear that the debate over the issues surrounding skepticism had not gone away nor were they about to go away. Thinking that a new crop might be ready for harvest, the co-editors sent out a letter of inquiry to a long list of potential contributors. The letter elicited an overwhelmingly positive response to our inquiry from philosophers who were either writing something on skepticism at the time or who were willing to write something specifically for our volume. Still others told us that they had recently written something and if we were to consider previously published manuscripts they would permit us to consider their already published work. Out of all this material, the co-editors have put together the present collection. We believe that this anthology is not only suitable for graduate seminars but for advanced undergraduate classes as well.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789401578752
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 457 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Law ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of law ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: 1: The Law and Its Reality -- Fact and Law -- The Fact and the Law -- The Concept of Fact in Legal Science -- The Law and its Reality -- On Rational Acceptability. Some Remarks on Legal Justification -- Semiotics and the Problem of Interpretation -- Preliminary Remarks on a Legal Logic and Ontology of Relations -- II: Interpretation in Legal Science the Hypothesis of the Narrative Coherence -- Narrative Coherence and the Limits of the Hermeneutic Paradigm -- From the Deductive to the Argumentative Rationality of Law -- Interpretation in Legal Science -- The Jury and Reality -- Hermeneutics and Narrative Comprehension -- Coherence, Truth and Rightness in the Law -- Narrative Coherence and the Guises of Legalism -- A Linguistic Analysis of Narrative Coherence in the Court-Room -- The Normative Syllogism and the Problem of Reference -- Legal Certainty, Coherence and Consensus: Variations on a Theme by MacCormick -- Normative Coherence and Epistemological Presuppositions of Justification.
    Abstract: PATRICKNERHOT Since the two operations overlap each other so much, speaking about fact and interpretation in legal science separately would undoubtedly be highly artificial. To speak about fact in law already brings in the operation we call interpretation. EquaHy, to speak about interpretation is to deal with the method of identifying reality and therefore, in large part, to enter the area of the question of fact. By way of example, Bemard Jackson's text, which we have placed in section 11 of the first part of this volume, could no doubt just as weH have found a horne in section I. This work is aimed at analyzing this interpretation of the operation of identifying fact on the one hand and identifying the meaning of a text on the other. All philosophies of law recognize themselves in the analysis they propose for this interpretation, and we too shall seek in this volume to fumish a few elements of use for this analysis. We wish however to make it clear that our endeavour is addressed not only to legal philosophers: the nature of the interpretive act in legal science is a matter of interest to the legal practitioner too. He will find in these pages, we believe, elements that will serve hirn in rcflcction on his daily work.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400920156
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 121
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 121
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy, Ancient.
    Abstract: I: Science Classical Greece -- 1. The Role of Observation in Plato’s Conception of Astronomy -- 2. The Unity of Scientific Inquiry and Categorial Theory in Aristotle -- 3. Knowledge and Belief in Plato’s Republic -- 4. Some Thoughts on Explanation in Ancient Philosophy -- 5. Alcmeon’s and Hippocrates’s Concept of Aetia -- 6. Experience and Causal Explanation in Medical Empiricism -- 7. Soul as Attunement: An Analogy or a Model? -- 8. The Hypotheses of Mathematics in Plato’s Republic and His Contribution to the Axiomatization of Geometry -- 9. Rediscovering Some Stoic Arguments -- 10. Models of Change: A Common Ground for Ancient Greek Philosophy and Modern Science -- 11. Criteria Concerning the Birth of a New Science: The Case of Greek Astronomy -- II: Science and the Modern Greek Enlightenment -- 12. The Idea of Science in the Modern Greek Enlightenment -- 13. The History of the Theory of Natural Sciences: A Paradigm -- III: Science Studies -- 14. Evolutionary Epistemology on Universals as Innate Classificatory Devices -- 15. The Development of Freudian Theory: The Role of the ‘Centre’ and the ‘Excentric’ in Theory Production and Diffusion -- 16. Law and Economics: Methodological Problems in Their Interdisciplinary Cooperation -- IV: Studies of Physics -- 17. From Gases and Liquids to Fluids: The Formation of New Concepts During the Development of Theories of Liquids -- 18. A Matter of Order: A Controversy between Heisenberg and London -- 19. Once Again on the Meaning of Physical Concepts -- 20. Locality: A New Enigma for Physics -- V: Philosophical Studies -- 21. Schlick’s Epistemology and Its Contribution to Modern Empiricism -- 22. On Theoretical Terms -- 23. Leibniz on Density and Sequential or Cauchy Completeness -- 24. Frege: Theory of Meaning or Philosophy of Science? -- 25. The Plato-Wittgenstein Route to the Pragmatics of Falsification -- 26. Wittgenstein, Rationality and Relativism -- Notes on the Authors.
    Abstract: Our Greek colleagues, in Greece and abroad, must know (indeed they do know) how pleasant it is to recognize the renaissance of the philosophy of science among them with this fine collection. Classical and modern, technical and humane, historical and logical, admirably original and respectfully traditional, these essays will deserve close study by philosophical readers throughout the world. Classical scholars and historians of science likewise will be stimulated, and the historians of ancient as well as modern philosophers too. Reviewers might note one or more of the contributions as of special interest, or as subject to critical wrestling (that ancient tribute); we will simply congratulate Pantelis Nicolacopoulos for assembling the essays and presenting the book, and we thank the contributors for their works and for their happy agreement to let their writings appear in this book. R. S. C. xi INTRODUCTORY REMARKS Neither philosophy nor science is new to Greece, but philosophy of science is. There are broader (socio-historical) and more specific (academic) reasons that explain, to a satisfactory degree, both the under-development of philosophy and history of science in Greece until recently and its recent development to international standards. It is, perhaps, not easy to have in mind the fact that the modem Greek State is only 160 years old (during quite a period of which it was consider­ ably smaller than it is today, its present territory having been settled after World War II).
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400922136
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (692p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 30
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic ; Computational linguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Elementary set theory accustoms the students to mathematical abstraction, includes the standard constructions of relations, functions, and orderings, and leads to a discussion of the various orders of infinity. The material on logic covers not only the standard statement logic and first-order predicate logic but includes an introduction to formal systems, axiomatization, and model theory. The section on algebra is presented with an emphasis on lattices as well as Boolean and Heyting algebras. Background for recent research in natural language semantics includes sections on lambda-abstraction and generalized quantifiers. Chapters on automata theory and formal languages contain a discussion of languages between context-free and context-sensitive and form the background for much current work in syntactic theory and computational linguistics. The many exercises not only reinforce basic skills but offer an entry to linguistic applications of mathematical concepts. For upper-level undergraduate students and graduate students in theoretical linguistics, computer-science students with interests in computational linguistics, logic programming and artificial intelligence, mathematicians and logicians with interests in linguistics and the semantics of natural language
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789400907072
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 311 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Science and Philosophy 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1: Agency in Observation and Experiment -- 1: The Procedural Turn -- 2: Action and Interpretation -- 3: Making Perception Possible -- 4: Making Curves -- 5: Making Circular Motion -- 6: Representing Experimentation -- 2: Making Natural Phenomena -- 7: A Realistic Role for Experiment -- 8: The Experimenter’s Redress -- 9: Empiricism in Practice -- 10: Experiment and Meaning -- Notes -- Name Index.
    Abstract: . . . the topic of 'meaning' is the one topic discussed in philosophy in which there is literally nothing but 'theory' - literally nothing that can be labelled or even ridiculed as the 'common sense view'. Putnam, 'The Meaning of Meaning' This book explores some truths behind the truism that experimentation is a hallmark of scientific activity. Scientists' descriptions of nature result from two sorts of encounter: they interact with each other and with nature. Philosophy of science has, by and large, failed to give an account of either sort of interaction. Philosophers typically imagine that scientists observe, theorize and experiment in order to produce general knowledge of natural laws, knowledge which can be applied to generate new theories and technologies. This view bifurcates the scientist's world into an empirical world of pre-articulate experience and know­ how and another world of talk, thought and argument. Most received philosophies of science focus so exclusively on the literary world of representations that they cannot begin to address the philosophical problems arising from the interaction of these worlds: empirical access as a source of knowledge, meaning and reference, and of course, realism. This has placed the epistemological burden entirely on the predictive role of experiment because, it is argued, testing predictions is all that could show that scientists' theorizing is constrained by nature. Here a purely literary approach contributes to its own demise. The epistemological significance of experiment turns out to be a theoretical matter: cruciality depends on argument, not experiment.
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789400906198
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 122
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 122
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Statistics ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Method, Theory, and Statistics: The Lesson of Physics -- The Theory of Natural Selection as a Null Theory -- Causality and Exogeneity in econometric models -- Statistics in Expert Resolution: A Theory of Weights for Combining Expert Opinion -- Short and Long Term Survival Analysis in Oncological Research -- A Statistical Approach to the Study of Pollen Fitness -- Statistics in Genetics: Human Migrations Detected by Multivariate Techniques -- Quantum Probability and the Foundations of Quantum Theory -- Indistinguishability, Interchangeability and Indeterminism -- The Non Frequency Approach to Elementary Particle Statistics -- Name Index.
    Abstract: An inference may be defined as a passage of thought according to some method. In the theory of knowledge it is customary to distinguish deductive and non-deductive inferences. Deductive inferences are truth preserving, that is, the truth of the premises is preserved in the con­ clusion. As a result, the conclusion of a deductive inference is already 'contained' in the premises, although we may not know this fact until the inference is performed. Standard examples of deductive inferences are taken from logic and mathematics. Non-deductive inferences need not preserve truth, that is, 'thought may pass' from true premises to false conclusions. Such inferences can be expansive, or, ampliative in the sense that the performances of such inferences actually increases our putative knowledge. Standard non-deductive inferences do not really exist, but one may think of elementary inductive inferences in which conclusions regarding the future are drawn from knowledge of the past. Since the body of scientific knowledge is increasing, it is obvious that the method of science must allow non-deductive as well as deductive inferences. Indeed, the explosive growth of science in recent times points to a prominent role for the former. Philosophers of science have long tried to isolate and study the non-deductive inferences in science. The inevitability of such inferences one the one hand, juxtaposed with the poverty of all efforts to identify them, constitutes one of the major cognitive embarrassments of our time.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789400918788
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (376p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 120
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 120
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Astronomy—Observations. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Galileo Studies -- The Dating and Significance of Galileo’s Pisan Manuscripts -- Galileo Galilei: An Astronomer at Work -- Galileo’s Theorem of Equivalence: The Missing Keystone of his Theory of Motion -- Was Galileo a Metaphysicist? -- Drake against the Philosophers -- II From The Renaissance to the Scientific Revolution -- Alhazen’s Debt to Ptolemy’s Optics -- Regiomontanus on the Critical Problems of Astronomy -- III Science Since Galileo -- G. D. Cassini and the Number of the Planets: An Example of Seventeenth-Century Astro-Numerological Patronage -- Lavoisier: Language, Instruments and the Chemical Revolution -- The Inductive Sciences in Nineteenth-Century England -- Darwin Studies at Work: A Re-examination of Three Decisive Years (1835–37) -- The Background to Heinrich Hertz’s Experiments in Electrodynamics -- Science and History of Science -- IV Concerning Books -- The Stillman Drake Galileo Collection -- A Bibliography of the Writings of Stillman Drake, compiled by James MacLachlan -- Index Of Names.
    Abstract: This collection of essays is a tribute to Stillman Drake by some of his friends and colleagues, and by others on whom his work has had a formative influence. It is difficult to know him without succumbing to his combination of discipline and enthusiasm, even in fields remote from Renaissance physics and natural philosophy; and so he should not be surprised in this volume to see emphases and methods congenial to him, even on topics as remote as Darwin or the chemical revolution. Therein lies whatever unity the discerning reader may find in this book, beyond the natural focus and coherence of the largest section, on Galileo, and the final section on Drake's collection of books, a major and now accessible resource for research in the field that he has made his own. We have chosen, as the occasion for presenting the volume to Stillman Drake, Galileo's birthday; Galileo has had more than one birthday party in Toronto since Drake came to the University of Toronto. As for the title, it reflects a shared conviction that experiment is the key to science; it is what scientists do. Drake has already asserted that emphasis in the title of his magisterial Galileo at Work, and we echo it here. Those who have had the privilege and pleasure of working and arguing with Stillman over the years know his tenacity, penetration, and vigour. They also know his generosity and humility. We owe him much.
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  • 84
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400919303
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness, and Healing 16
    DDC: 170
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Anthropology
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  • 85
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400919327
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Ethics ; Law—History. ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- Procedural Contexts -- Some Distinctions -- A Normative Method -- The Adversary Adjudication Model -- I: Traditional Principles -- 2. Impartiality -- 3. Opportunity to be Heard -- 4. Grounds for Decisions -- 5. Formal Justice -- II: Theory -- 6. A Theoretical Justification -- 7. The Limits of Law -- 8. Alternative Decision-Making Models -- III: Applications -- 9. Professional Discipline -- 10. Employment Decisions -- Works Cited -- Table of Cases.
    Abstract: During the last half of the twentieth century, legal philosophy (or legal theory or jurisprudence) has grown significantly. It is no longer the domain of a few isolated scholars in law and philosophy. Hundreds of scholars from diverse fields attend international meetings on the subject. In some universities, large lecture courses of five hundred students or more study it. The primary aim of the Law and Philosophy Library is to present some of the best original work on legal philosophy from both the Anglo-American and European traditions. Not only does it help make some of the best work available to an international audience, but it also encourages increased awareness of, and interaction between, the two major traditions. The primary focus is on fu- length scholary monographs, although some edited volumes of original papers are also included. The Library editors are assisted by an Editorial Advisory Board of internationally renowned scholars. Legal philosophy should not be considered a narrowly circumscribed field. Insights into law and legal institutions can come from diverse disciplines on a wide range of topics. Among the relevant disciplines or perspectives contribut­ ing to legal philosophy, besides law and philosophy, are anthropology, economics, political science, and sociology. Among the topics included in legal philosophy are theories of law; the concepts of law and legal institutions; legal reasoning and adjudication; epistemological issues of evidence and pro­ cedure; law and justice, economics, politics, or morality; legal ethics; and theories oflegal fields such as criminal law, contracts, and property.
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9789400920576
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 8
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Natural Philosophy, Experiment and Discourse in the 18th Century -- The Force and Reason of Experiment -- The Dynamometer and the Diemenese -- Humphry Davy and the ‘Lever of Experiment’ -- The Nine Lives of Gregor Mendel -- Manipulable Systems and Laboratory Strategies in a Biomedical Research Institute -- Experiment and the Molecularity of Meaning -- Openness and Closure: On the Goals of Scientific Practice -- Is a Picture Worth a Thousand Experiments? -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: The institutionalization of History and Philosophy of Science as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour began comparatively early -- though not always under that name -- in the Australasian region. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne imme­ diately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appointments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and 1960s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia and in New Zealand. 'Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science' aims to provide a distinctive publication outlet for Australian and New Zealand scholars working in the general area of history, philosophy and social studies of science. Each volume comprises a group of essays on a connected theme, edited by an Australian or a New Zealander with special expertise in that particular area. Papers address general issues, however, rather than local ones; parochial topics are avoided. Further­ more, though in each volume a majority of the contributors is from Australia or New Zealand, contributions from elsewhere are by no means ruled out. Quite the reverse, in fact -- they are actively encour­ aged wherever appropriate to the balance of the volume in question.
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9789400904835
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (182p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 16
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Geography ; Anthropology ; Human Geography
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400921238
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (380p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 125
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 125
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. The Problems of Time in Psychology -- 1. Stream of Consciousness and durée réelle -- 2. The Elusive Nature of the Past -- 3. The Fiction of Instants -- 4. Two Types of Continuity -- 5. Process and Personality in Bergson’s Thought -- 6. Russell’s Hidden Bergsonism -- II. Matter, Causation, and Time -- 7. The Development of Reichenbach’s Epistemology -- 8. The Significance of Piaget’s Researches on the Psychogenesis of Atomism -- 9. Toward a Widening of the Notion of Causality -- 10. Simple Location and Fragmentation of Reality -- 11. Particles or Events? -- III. The Status of Time in the Relativistic Physics -- 12. The End of the Laplacian Illusion -- 13. Eternal Recurrence — Once More -- 14. Note About Whitehead’s Definition of Co-Presence -- 15. Bergson and Louis De Broglie -- 16. What is Living and What is Dead in the Bergsonian Critique of Relativity -- 17. Time-Space Rather than Space-Time -- IV. Bibliography of Mili??apek.
    Abstract: At last his students and colleagues, his friends and his friendly critics, his fellow-scientist and fellow-philosophers, have the works of Milic Capek before them in one volume, aside from his books of course. Now the development of his interests and his thoughts, always led centrally by his concern to understand 'the philosophical impact of contemporary physics', becomes clear. In the nearly 90 essays and papers, and in his book on the philosophical impact as well as his classical restatement of process philosophy in his Bergson and Modern Physics, Professor Capek establishes one of the fundamental alternatives to the comprehension of human experience, and thereby of the world. Capek is certainly to be seen with respect and admiration, for he has dealt with the deepest and toughest of scientific as well as metaphysical problems: his major efforts in the philosophy of mind focussed upon the time of experience, and in the philosophy of physics focussed upon continuity, causality and again the temporal, now in the world-picture.
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789400920835
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Moore, Jennifer Mills International Reflections on Individual Autonomy and Corporate Effectiveness 1993
    Series Statement: Issues in Business Ethics 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Economics ; Industrial management ; Ethics ; Management. ; Econometrics.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- I: Personal Convictions and Corporate Claims: Ethical Conflicts and Solutions -- 2 The Responsible Corporation and the Subversive Side of Ethics -- 3 Ethical Decision-making in a National Utility: The Electricity Industry in France -- 4 Using the Techniques of Ethical Analysis in Corporate Practice -- 5 Ethical Responsibilities Versus Corporate Effectiveness -- 6 The Corporation As an Open Organisation -- 7 The Function of Management Control Systems in Innovative Organisations -- 8 Ethics and Interpersonal Trust in Corporate Management -- 9 The Parameters of Ethical Decision-making in Organisations -- II: “Empowering” People: End or Means? -- 10 The Ethical Challenge to the Corporations: Meaningful Progress and Individual Development -- 11 The Individual Dimension in Corporations -- 12 Human Development and the Images of the Organisation -- 13 Empowering People as an End for Business -- 14 On the Demand for Meaningful Work -- 15 Ethics and Labour Contracts: an Economist’s Point of View -- 16 To Encourage or Repress? Corporate Policy and Whistle-blowing -- 17 The Responsibility of Individuals for a Company Disaster: The Example of the Zeebrugge Car Ferry -- III: Men and Women in Corporations: Repression, Competition or Co-operation? -- 18 Introductory Remarks -- 19 Male or Female Ethics for Corporations? -- 20 Demographic Pressure in Favour of the Promotion of Women -- 21 How to Include Women In Corporate Decision-Making -- IV: The Ethical Role of Top Managers -- 22 Who or What Is “the Boss”? Authority Without Authoritarianism -- 23 “I Am the Boss. Why Should I Be Ethical?” -- 24 Ethics and the Definition of Business Strategy -- 25 Management as the Symbolisation of Ethical Values -- 26 Values and Types of Entrepreneurs in Small Business -- 27 Executive Decisions and Values -- Outlook Some Perspectives -- 28 Spheres and Limits of Ethical Responsibilities in and of the Corporation -- 29 Philosophical Considerations of a Top Manager -- 30 The Importance of the Cultural Context for Business Ethics: The Italian Example -- Note on the Contributors.
    Abstract: Georges Enderle Before presenting some introductory remarks on the topic of this volume I should like to outline briefly the context from which this selection of articles originates. (It seems to me necessary to emphasise these circumstances in order to make clearer the contours of what is said and what is not said and to understand it better. ) This context involves, flrstly, a general evaluation of the state of the business ethics debate today and, secondly, considerations of the question of what attitude and strategy should be chosen in order to promote business ethics most effectively. On the present state of affairs of the business ethics debate Today, it is extremely difflcult, if not impossible, to gain even a rough overview of the business ethics debate in the different countries of Europe and North America. Many activities take place in informal circles and on a local and regional level; linguistic and other barriers impede the spread of information about them and, often, they are not even labelled "business ethics". At the same time, so many other things sail under the flag of "business ethics" that one sometimes wonders if it should not be replaced by another flag, for instance new methods of public-relations or better motivation of company's employees. Yet, in spite of these difflculties in deflning business ethics activities, one statement at least can be made with certainty. .
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400905351
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 130
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 130
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; History ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: On Reading Hume’s History of Liberty -- Hume’s England as a Natural History of Morals -- Hume on Liberty in the Successive English Constitutions -- Hume’s Historical Conception of Liberty -- Hume’s History and the Parameters of Economic Development -- The Preservation of Liberty.
    Abstract: LIBERTY IN HUME'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND In his own lifetime, Hume was feted by his admirers as a great historian, and even his enemies conceded that he was a controversial historian with whom one had to reckon. On the other hand, Hume failed to achieve positive recognition for his philosophical views. It was Hume's History of England that played an influential role in public policy debate during the eighteenth century in both Great Britain and in the United States. Hume's Hist01Y of England passed through seven editions and was beginning to be perceived as a classic before Hume's death. Voltaire, as an historian, considered it "perhaps the best ever written in any lan­ guage. " Gibbon greatly admired Hume's work and said, of a letter written by Hume in 1776 praising the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, that a compliment from Hume "overpaid the labor of ten years. " After Hume's death on August 20, 1776, the History became a factor in the revolutionary events that began to unfold. Louis XVI was a close student of Hume's History, and his valet records that, upon having learned that the Convention had voted the death penalty, the King asked for the volume in Hume's History covering the trial and execution of Charles I to read in the days that remained. But if Louis XVI found the consolations of philosophical history in the Stuart volumes, Thomas Jefferson saw in them a cause for alarm.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400905474
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies of Classical India 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Notes -- One: The Introduction to the Middle Way [MA] and its Religious Content -- 1 Chandrakirti and the Introduction to the Middle Way [MA] -- 2 Three Systems of Thought that can be Isolated in the Introduction to the Middle Way [MA] -- 3 The Context of the Introduction to the Middle Way [MA] -- 4 The Profound and Extensive Contents -- Notes -- Two: The Profound View -- 1 The Cognitive Basis of Madhyamika Soteriology -- 2 The Philosophy of Emptiness (sunyavada) -- 3 Madhyamika Analyses -- 4 Analysis of Phenomena (dharma) -- 5 Analysis of the Person (pudgala) -- 6 Critique of Buddhist Phenomenalism (vijnanavada) -- 7 Some Meta-logical Observation -- 8 The Middle Path and Relational Origination -- 9 The Profound Path Structure -- Notes -- Three: Analysis and Insight -- 1 Western Interpretation of the Problem -- 2 Chandrakirti’s Statement on the Relationship -- 3 The Structural Foundations of Analysis -- 4 Patterns of Analysis in the Introduction to the Middle Way [MA] -- 5 Logical and Experiential Consequences -- 6 Contingency and Necessity in Consequential Analysis -- Notes -- Four: Insight and Extensive Deeds -- 1 Common-sense World-view -- 2 The Yogin’s Practices -- 3 The Bodhisattvas’ Path -- 4 The Buddha-nature -- 5 The Relations between the Profound and Extensive Contents -- 6 Insight and the Fully Evolved Mind -- Notes -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: This study is mainly the outcome of work completed as a Ph.D. thesis at the University of Queensland. However, it has been revised in many ways since its preparation in dissertation form. Many people have contributed to the study and I am concerned that I may fail to mention everyone who has assisted me. My first introduction to The Introduction to the Middle Way (Madhyamakavatara) came through a course I attended at a Buddhist Centre in Queensland called Chenrezig Institute. The course was given by Ven. Geshe Loden, originally of Sera Monastery in India, and was translated by Ven. Zasep Tulku. Besides participating in this course I also attended a number of other courses on Madhyamika presented by these and other lamas in Australia and in Nepal. I was also fortunate to spend a semester at the University of Wisconsin - Madison studying with Professor Geshe Lhundup Sopa. At different times I had the opportunity to discuss, in person or through correspondence, aspects of the study with a number of leading scholars. Professors J.W. de Jong, Robert Thurman, Jeffrey Hopkins and Paul Williams gave freely of their expertise although in some cases I know that I was unable to take full advantage of their suggestions. Special mention and thanks go Professor Fred Streng who supported the study and gave most graciously of his time. In Australia I would like to thank my advisers at the University of Queensland, Drs. Ross Reat, Arvind Sharma and Richard Hutch.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400906396
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (206p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I The Cogito and Hermeneutics -- 1. Hermeneutics in contemporary philosophy -- 2. Critique of the subject and interpretation of the cogito. Heidegger and Ricoeur -- 3. Ricoeur. Phenomenology of the will and “unquietness” of the Subject -- 4. Paradox and mediation in Ricoeur’s philosophical anthropology -- 5. Crisis of the Philosophie de l’esprit. Human sciences, “methodic” hermeneutics -- 6. The destruction of the illusions of consciousness. Psychoanalysis as language theory -- 7. The challenge of semiology and the phenomenology of language. The reinterpretation of phenomenology as language theory -- 8. Concrete reflexion and the intersubjectivity question. Towards a hermeneutics of the I am -- 9. “Originary Affirmation,” philosophies of negativity, problematics of the subject. Nabert and Thévenaz -- 10. Ricoeur and Heidegger. The cogito and hermeneutics -- II Text, Metaphor, Narrative -- 1. The history of hermeneutics. Text theory -- 2. Hermeneutic phenomenology -- 3. Living metaphor -- 4. Towards a poetics of freedom -- Afterword -- Time, sacrality, narrative: interview with Paul Ricoeur -- Abbreviations -- Notes -- Bibliographical note -- Index of names -- Index of subjects.
    Abstract: by Paul Ricoeur It is already a piece of good fortune to find oneself understood by a reader who is at once demanding and benevolent. It is an even greater fortune to be better understood by another than by one's own self. In effect, when I look back, I am rather struck by the discontinuity among my works, each of which takes on a specific problem and apparently has little more in common with its predecessor than the fact of having left an overflow of unanswered questions behind it as a residue. On the contrary, Domenico Jervolino's interpretation of my works, which extend over more than forty years, stresses their coherence, in spite of the gap in time between my present, soon to be issued work--Temps et Recit--and my first, Philosophie de la Volonte: Ie Volontaire et l'lnvolontaire. Our friend finds the principle of coherence first of all in the recurrence of a problem: the destiny of the idea of subjectivity, caught in the cross-fire between Nietzsche and Heidegger on one side and semiology, psychoanalysis and the critique of ideology on the other. He finds it likewise in the insistence on a method: the mediating role played by interpretation, mainly of texts, with regard to reflexion on self.
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9789400920774
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H.L. van Breda et Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 118
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 118
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Sociology.
    Abstract: One: Mead’s Theory of Intersubjectivity -- I. Intersubjectivity as a Problem of the Social Group -- II. Critical Remarks to Mead’s Theory of Intersubjectivity -- Two: Gurwitsch’s Theory of Intersubjectivity -- III. Intersubjectivity as a Problem of Context and the Milieu-World -- IV. Critical Remarks to Gurwitsch’s Theory of Intersubjectivity -- Three: Schutz’s Theory of Intersubjectivity -- V. The Fundamental Levels to the Problem of Intersubjectivity -- VI. Towards an Integrated Theory of Intersubjectivity: The Person and The Social Group -- VII. Critical Remarks to Schutz’s Theory of Intersubjectivity -- Four: Intersubjectivity and the Social Group -- VIII. A General Program for Any Future Analysis of the Problem of Intersubjectivity -- IX. Reflections on the Problem of Intersubjectivity and the Social Group -- Name Index.
    Abstract: How is society possible? In Die Krisis der europiiischen Wissenschaflen und die transzendentale Phiinomenoiogie, I Edmund Husserl is found with a pathos send­ ing out pleas for belief ("Glauben") in his transcendental philosophy and tran­ scendental ego. The traditional idea of theoretical reflection instituted in ancient Greece as the suspension of all taken for granted worldly interests has, through a partial realization of itself, forsaken itself in the one-sided development of the objective mathematical-natural sciences as they themselves have become so taken for granted, with the method and validity of their results held as so self-evident, that they appear as resting self-sufficiently on their own grounds, while pursuing an increasingly abstract mathematization of nature. The sciences are left without a foundation and their meaning within the world consequently unintelligible, while their objective and valid abstract concepts continually tend to supercede the everyday life-world and render it questionable. In the end, these of belief in the everyday life-world or reflective evolving and exchanging attitudes doubt (science) ultimately leads to a disbelief in both, and a search in one direction for idol leaders and in the other for the cult of experience. This collapse of Western belief systems becomes particularly threatening as it turns into nihilism which is the development of beliefs in societal forms which employ 2 natural and social science for the liquidation of humanity and nature. Society starts becoming impossible.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400919747
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: Notes -- I: Intentionality and the Reduction -- 1. Intentionality: A Philosophical Context -- 2. Intentionality: Husserl’s Early Theory -- 3. The Reduction -- II: Noema and Object -- 4. Contra Gurwitsch -- 5. Contra the Fregean Approach -- 6. Identities and Manifolds -- 7. Noemata, Senses, and Meanings -- 8. Possibilities and the Actual World -- III: Non-Foundational Realism -- 9. Husserl and Foundationalism -- 10. Husserl and Realism.
    Abstract: The rift which has long divided the philosophical world into opposed schools-the "Continental" school owing its origins to the phenomenology of Husserl and the "analytic" school derived from Frege-is finally closing. But this closure is occurring in ways both different and in certain respects at odds with one another. On the one hand scholars are seeking to rediscover the concerns and positions common to both schools, positions from which we can continue fruitfully to address important philosophical issues. On the other hand successors to both traditions have developed criticisms of basic assumptions shared by the two schools. They have suggested that we must move not merely beyond the conflict between these two "modem" schools but beyond the kind of philosophy represented in the unity of the two schools and thereby move towards a new "postmodern" philosophical style. On the one hand, then and for example, Husserl scholarship has in recent years witnessed the development of an interpretation of Husserl which more closely aligns his phenomenology with the philosophical concerns of the "analytic" tradition. In certain respects, this should come as no surprise and is long overdue. It is true, after all, that the early Husserl occupied himself with many of the same philosophical issues as did Frege and the earliest thinkers of the analytic tradition. Examples include the concept of number, the nature of mathematical analysis, meaning and reference, truth, formalization, and the relationship between logic and mathematics.
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9789400906990
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Criminal Law ; Criminology ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History.
    Abstract: I. Law, Ideology and Punishment -- 1. Introduction: Critique and Retrieval of the Liberal Ideal of Criminal Justice -- 2. Between Appearance and Reality: the Contradictions of Legal Ideology -- 3. Juridical Ideology and the Philosophy of Punishment -- II. The Birth of Juridical Individualism: Hobbes and the Philosophy of Punishment -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Contradiction in the Hobbesian Philosophy of Punishment -- 3. Hobbes’s Juridical Individualism -- 4. Hobbes and the Historical Development of the Philosophy of Punishment -- 5. Conclusion -- III. Purifying Juridical Individualism: Kant’s Retributivism -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Metaphysical Basis of Punishment -- 3. ‘A Theory Built on Tension’ -- 4. Conclusion: Kant’s Juridical Individualism -- IV. Rationalising Juridical Individualism — and the Rise of ‘the Irrational’: Hegel -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Hegelian Justification of Punishment -- 3.‘From the Point of View of Abstract Right’ -- 4. Reason, Reality and the Irruption of ‘the Irrational’ -- 5. Conclusion -- V. Abstract Right and the Socialisation of Wrong: Retributivism’s English Decline and Fall -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Revising the Classical Tradition:T.H.Green -- 3. Revising the Classical Tradition: Bradley and Bosanquet -- 4. Conclusion -- VI. Juridical Individualism and State Power: Utilitarianism in the Twentieth Century -- 1. Introduction -- 2.The Triumph of Utilitarianism -- 3. Utilitarianism and Individual Right -- 4. Conclusion -- VII. Juridical Individualism, Individual Freedom And Criminal Justice -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Defending Freewill -- 3. Freewill, Determinism and Criminal Justice -- 4. Conclusion -- VIII. Juridical individualism, State Power And Legal Reasoning -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Legal Reasoning and Criminal Responsibility -- 3. Speaking the Language of Law -- 4. Conclusion -- IX. The Limits of Legal Ideology -- 1. The Philosophical — Historical Development of the Liberal Ideal of Criminal Punishment -- 2. The Return to Kant -- 3. The Ideal and the Actual.
    Abstract: This book is about 'Kantianism' in both a narrow and a broad sense. In the former, it is about the tracing of the development of the retributive philosophy of punishment into and beyond its classical phase in the work of a number of philosophers, one of the most prominent of whom is Kant. In the latter, it is an exploration of the many instantiations of the 'Kantian' ideas of individual guilt, responsibility and justice within the substantive criminal law . On their face, such discussions may owe more or less explicitly to Kant, but, in their basic intellectual structure, they share a recognisably common commitment to certain ideas emerging from the liberal Enlightenment and embodied within a theory of criminal justice and punishment which is in this broader sense 'Kantian'. The work has its roots in the emergence in the 1970s and early 1980s in the United States and Britain of the 'justice model' of penal reform, a development that was as interesting in terms of the sociology of philosophical knowledge as it was in its own right. Only a few years earlier, I had been taught in undergraduate criminology (which appeared at the time to be the only discipline to have anything interesting to say about crime and punishment) that 'classical criminology' (that is, Beccaria and the other Enlightenment reformers, who had been colonised as a 'school' within criminology) had died a major death in the 19th century, from which there was no hope of resuscitation.
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9789400905535
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (446p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Computer science ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Linguistics. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I / Defeasible Reasoning and the Frame Problem -- Defeasible Logic and The Frame Problem -- Monotonic Solution of The Frame Problem in The Situation Calculus: An Efficient Method for Worlds with Fully Specified Actions -- A Framework for Reasoning with Defaults -- The Frame Problem and Relevant Predication -- II / Representation Problems and Ordinary Language -- Thing and Thought -- Bare Plurals as Plural Indefinite Noun Phrases -- Seeing To it That: A Canonical Form for Agentives -- Speaker Plans, Linguistic Contexts, and Indirect Speech Acts -- III / Inference Rules and Belief Revision -- Belief Revision, Non-Monotonic Reasoning, and the Ramsey Test -- Jeffrey’s Rule, Passage of Experience, and Neo-Bayesianism -- Two Perspectives on Consensus for (Bayesian) Inference and Decisions -- Conditionals and Conditional Probabilities: Three Triviality Theorems -- IV / Logical Problems in Representing Knowledge -- Inheritance Theory and Path-Based Reasoning: An Introduction -- Defeasible Specification of Utilities -- to A Logic of Assertions -- A New Normative Theory of Probabilistic Logic -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information, and data­ processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) ani­ mal, or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psy­ chology through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelli­ gence and computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual, and epistemological aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimental, and methodological studies will also ap­ pear from time to time. The present volume provides a collection of studies that focus on some of the central problems within the domain of artificial intelligence. These difficulties fall into four principal areas: defeasible reasoning (including the frame problem as apart), ordinary language (and the representation prob­ lems that it generates), the revision of beliefs (and its rules of inference), and knowledge representation (and the logical problems that are encountered there). These papers make original contributions to each of these areas of inquiry and should be of special interest to those who understand the crucial role that is played by questions of logical form. They vividly illustrate the benefits that can emerge from collaborative efforts involving scholars from linguistics, philosophy, computer science, and AI. J. H. F.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400919006
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computer science ; Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Artificial intelligence
    Abstract: I: Metamentality -- 1. What is Artificial Intelligence? -- 2. Symbol Systems and Semiotic Systems -- 3. Theories of Language and Mentality -- II: Knowledge and Expertise -- 4. The Nature of Knowledge -- 5. Varieties of Knowledge -- 6. Expert Systems -- III: Representation and Verification -- 7. Knowledge Representation -- 8. Program Verification -- 9. Minds, Bodies, and Machines -- References -- Numbered Definitions -- List of Figures -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information, and data­ processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal, or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psycholo­ gy through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial in­ telligence and to computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual, and epistemological aspects of these prob­ lems and domains, empirical, experimental, and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. The perspective that prevails in artificial intelligence today suggests that the theory of computability defines the boundaries of the nature of thought, precisely because all thinking is computational. This paradigm draws its inspiration from the symbol-system hypothesis of Newell and Simon and finds its culmination in the computational conception of lan­ guage and mentality. The "standard conception" represented by these views is subjected to a thorough and sustained critique in the pages of this book. Employing a distinction between systems for which signs are signif­ icant for the users of a system and others for which signs are significant for use by a system, I have sought to define the boundaries of what AI, in principle, may be expected to achieve.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400920859
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computer science ; Medical ethics ; Ethics ; medicine Philosophy ; Technology Philosophy ; Artificial intelligence ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: 1: Introduction -- 2: The Problem Situation -- 3: The Computer Revolution -- 4: Ethics of Diagnostic Systems -- 5: Systems and Medicine -- 6: Diagnostic Theory -- 7: Diagnostic Practice -- 8: Some Interfaces -- 9: The Human Factor -- 10: Conclusion: -- Selected Bibliography for Further Reading -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: 1. GENERAL The term "diagnostics" refers to the general theory of diagnosis, not to the study of specific diagnoses but to their general framework. It borrows from different sciences and from different philosophies. Traditionally, the general framework of diagnostics was not distinguished from the framework of medicine. It was not taught in special courses in any systematic way; it was not accorded special attention: students absorbed it intuitively. There is almost no comprehensive study of diagnostics. The instruction in diagnosis provided in medical schools is exclusively specific. Clinical instruction includes (in addition to vital background information, such as anatomy and physiology) specific instruction in nosology, the theory and classification of diseases, and this includes information on diagnoses and prognoses of diverse diseases. What is the cause of the neglect of diagnostics, and of its integrated teaching? The main cause may be the prevalence of the view of diagnostics as part-and­ parcel of nosology. In this book nosology is taken as a given, autonomous field of study, which invites almost no comments; we shall freely borrow from it a few important general theses and a few examples. We attempt to integrate here three studies: ll of the way nosology is used in the diagnostic process; of the diagnostic process as a branch of applied ethics; ~ of the diagnostic process as a branch of social science and social technology.
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