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  • 2020-2024  (57)
  • 2022  (57)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (57)
  • Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
  • Industry and Services  (57)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Governança regulatória no setor de mineração no Brasil (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264777811 , 9789264443242 , 9789264510142
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Regulatory Governance in the Mining Sector in Brazil
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Governance ; Brazil
    Abstract: A mineração desempenha um papel fundamental na economia do Brasil. No entanto, os esforços e recursos dedicados à qualidade regulatória no setor, incluindo a aplicação de regras, nem sempre foram proporcionais ao peso que esse setor representa nas finanças do país. Este relatório identifica problemas, barreiras, falhas de implementação e ineficiências do marco regulatório do setor de mineração no Brasil. Além disso, o documento também fornece uma avaliação geral das recentes reformas no setor de mineração no Brasil, identificando as áreas que representam os maiores desafios para uma regulação eficaz neste setor. O documento também aborda as reformas que criaram a Agência Nacional de Mineração do Brasil, explicando como funciona sua administração e suas práticas regulatórias atuais. Esses dados e informações são avaliados de acordo com os princípios da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) em política regulatória e regulação de mineração, bem como em comparação com as experiências da Austrália, Chile e México. Finalmente, são fornecidas recomendações no sentido de apoiar esforços de reformas adicionais.
    DOI: 10.1787/df9252dc-pt
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boosting social entrepreneurship and social enterprise development in Slovenia : In-depth policy review (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2022/02
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Slovenia
    Abstract: This report provides an in-depth analysis of the policy ecosystem in place for social entrepreneurship and social enterprises in Slovenia. It identifies the country’s strengths and challenges and provides policy recommendations to support the development of a stronger policy ecosystem. After an overview of the socio-economic and political context (Chapter 1), the report describes the conceptual framework for social enterprises and the social economy (Chapter 2); and analyses institutional and legal frameworks for social enterprises (Chapter 3), access to finance for social enterprises (Chapter 4), and access to public and private markets (Chapter 5), along with social impact measurement and reporting for social enterprise development (Chapter 6).
    DOI: 10.1787/8ea2b761-en
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Future-proofing adult learning systems in cities and regions : A policy manual for local governments (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2022/03
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: In the coming years, labour markets will face significant challenges. In this context, re- and upskilling of adults is an urgent priority for all at national, regional and local levels. To turn challenges into opportunities and to ensure that the supply of local skills matches constantly changing skills demands, there is a need to create strong adult learning systems for a more resilient and empowered society and productive economy. To support local governments in their efforts to future-proof adult learning systems, this policy manual presents a range of policy options and concrete actions that can inspire and guide work at the local level. It is designed for both policy makers and practitioners at the local and regional level, but also for national policy makers to support their efforts in supporting the diversity of local needs.
    DOI: 10.1787/11fa26cc-en
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  • 4
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    The Culture Fix : Creative People, Places and Industries (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264757417 , 9789264637153 , 9789264923669
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (274 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Cultural and creative sectors and industries are a significant source of jobs and income. They are a driver of innovation and creative skills, within cultural sectors and beyond. They also have significant social impacts, from supporting health and well-being, to promoting social inclusion and local social capital. As national and local governments reconsider growth models in the wake of COVID-19, cultural and creative sectors can be a tool for a resilient recovery if certain longer-term challenges in the sector are addressed. The report outlines international trends with new data, including at subnational scale. It addresses issues in cultural and creative sectors in terms of employment, business development, cultural participation and funding, both public and private. It provides analysis of how these sectors contribute to economic growth and inclusion, taking into account the impact of COVID-19 related crisis on jobs and firms. Finally, it offers recommendations on how to capitalise on the role of cultural and creative sectors in national and local recovery strategies.
    DOI: 10.1787/991bb520-en
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  • 5
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    La transformation numérique à l’appui de la reprise en Ukraine (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (10 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face aux conséquences de la guerre en Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Digitalisation for recovery in Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Цифровізація для відновлення України
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services ; Ukraine
    Abstract: La guerre menée par la Fédération de Russie contre l’Ukraine perturbe gravement l’accès à l’internet, qui a connu un essor rapide dans le pays au cours de la dernière décennie. L’offre numérique de services publics, avec de nouvelles prestations à la pointe du progrès lancées juste avant le début du conflit, a résisté aux premières perturbations. L’économie numérique ukrainienne était en forte expansion avant la guerre et la loi fiscale « Diia City » adoptée par le pays prévoit des mesures spécialement adaptées au secteur des technologies de l’information. Le gouvernement ukrainien doit aujourd’hui faire face à de nombreux défis. Les instruments d’action de l’OCDE peuvent aider l’Ukraine à mener à bien ses projets ambitieux de renforcement et de reconstruction de son espace numérique à court terme (accès à l’internet), à moyen terme (accès aux talents et au financement) et à long terme (mise en place d’une infrastructure de données robuste pour l’économie numérique).
    DOI: 10.1787/993997a6-fr
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  • 6
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    Policy brief on access to finance for inclusive and social entrepreneurship : What role can fintech and financial literacy play? (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2022/06
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This policy brief on access to finance for inclusive and social entrepreneurship was produced by the OECD and the European Commission. It presents evidence on the access to finance challenges faced by entrepreneurs from under-represented and disadvantaged groups and social entrepreneurs, and discusses how public policy could harness the potential of fintech to address these challenges. This covers crowdfunding, blockchain and the application of big data to finance for inclusive and social entrepreneurship. The policy brief also discusses the growing need for governments to strengthen financial literacy among the target groups of inclusive and social entrepreneurship policy, including with respect to fintech. Different policy approaches are discussed, including embedding financial literacy training in financial intermediation.
    DOI: 10.1787/77a15208-en
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  • 7
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    Digitalisation for recovery in Ukraine (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Цифровізація для відновлення України
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Kriegsfolgen ; Ukraine ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Ukraine
    Abstract: The Russian Federation’s large-scale war of aggression against Ukraine is causing severe disruptions to Internet connectivity, that has been increasing rapidly across the country over the last decade. The digital delivery of public services, with new “state-of-the-art” services launched just before the war, is proving resilient after the first disruptions. The digital economy in Ukraine was experiencing rapid growth before the war, and the Diia City tax Law introduced tailor-made fiscal measures for the IT sector. Now the Ukrainian Government faces multiple challenges, and OECD policy tools can help Ukraine realise its ambitious plans to strengthen and rebuild its digital space in the short term (i.e. access to the internet), medium term (i.e. access to talent and finance) and long term (i.e. a sound data infrastructure for the digital economy).
    DOI: 10.1787/c5477864-en
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  • 8
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    From informal to formal jobs: The contribution of cooperatives in Colombia (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2022/07
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Colombia
    Abstract: Labour informality remains a critical challenge for Colombia with over 60% of workers in informal jobs with no access to social security benefits, except health. To address the inherent challenges posed by a large informal sector, this paper explores the role that cooperatives can play in driving formalisation in Colombia. It presents the negative impacts of informality on the economy and how the social and solidarity economy, and cooperatives in particular, offer an important model for informal workers to transit towards formalisation (Section 1). It provides facts and figures about the cooperative sector as well as factors contributing to its development and barriers that hinder its expansion (Section 2). It considers the benefits and challenges of the compliance based approach to supervise cooperatives and provides policy orientations to strengthen the sector (Section 3).
    DOI: 10.1787/28214bf5-en
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  • 9
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    Advancing the entrepreneurial university : Lessons learned from 13 HEInnovate country reviews (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.32
    Keywords: Education ; Economics ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Higher education institutions (HEIs) are more critical than ever to help societies respond to the complex challenges of our times. Recognising that these challenges require HEIs to adopt holistic innovations in teaching, research and collaboration activities, the European Commission (EC) and the OECD have developed the HEInnovate guiding framework. HEInnovate promotes innovation and entrepreneurship in higher education and provides guidance to policy makers and HEIs that want to generate additional societal and economic value.This policy brief distils the main findings and recommendations of 13 HEInnovate Country Reviews that have examined higher education system and institution, identifying factors affecting the delivery of the entrepreneurial and innovation agenda in higher education. Looked at in the round, the country reviews provide HE leaders with peer-learning and best practices, policy makers with tested policy solutions and the European Union and the OECD with a deeper understanding of the state of innovation and entrepreneurship in higher education.
    DOI: 10.1787/d0ef651f-en
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  • 10
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    Zukunftssichere Weiterbildung in Berlin, Deutschland (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264472006 , 9789264316874 , 9789264408456
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (121 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Future-Proofing Adult Learning in Berlin, Germany
    Keywords: Weiterbildung ; Berlin ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Governance ; Germany
    Abstract: Nach einer langen Phase des Beschäftigungswachstums, die zur niedrigsten Arbeitslosenquote seit der deutschen Wiedervereinigung führte, wird der Berliner Arbeitsmarkt nun zunehmend angespannter. Beschleunigt durch die COVID-19-Pandemie stellen globale Megatrends wie die Automatisierung von Produktionsprozessen und die immer weiter fortgeschrittenen digitalen Kompetenzen, die für viele Jobs erforderlich sind, die Berliner Politik vor neue Herausforderungen. Das lokale Weiterbildungssystem nimmt dabei eine zentrale Rolle ein: Es soll die Berliner Bevölkerung auf den sich wandelnden Arbeitsmarkt vorbereiten. Der Bericht „Zukunftssichere Weiterbildung in Berlin, Deutschland“ analysiert die Weiterbildung in Berlin im Detail und arbeitet Stärken und Engpässe des lokalen Weiterbildungssystems heraus. Der Bericht betont die Notwendigkeit einer langfristigen Vision für die Weiterbildung in Berlin, welche die verschiedenen Akteure der Weiterbildungslandschaft zusammenbringt um Angebote dynamisch an die Bedürfnisse der Berliner Bevölkerung anzupassen.
    DOI: 10.1787/88e97ff5-de
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  • 11
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    Il futuro del lavoro a distanza : Opportunità e opzioni strategiche per il Trentino (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The future of remote work: Opportunities and policy options for Trentino
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Italy
    Abstract: Le politiche pubbliche possono giocare un ruolo importante nell’orientare la diffusione su larga scala del lavoro a distanza. Diverse comunità in tutto il mondo stanno sperimentando soluzioni innovative. In Italia, la Provincia autonoma di Trento ha sviluppato una strategia per il lavoro a distanza tesa a promuovere lo sviluppo economico e sociale a livello locale. Questo rapporto valuta le opportunità e le sfide di una transizione graduale verso un ambiente di lavoro sempre più ibrido in relazione a una serie di obiettivi di natura collettiva, tra i quali il miglioramento degli standard di vita e il rafforzamento della coesione territoriale e della competitività. Il documento fornisce alcune raccomandazioni rispetto a sei ambiti suscettibili di intervento pubblico, che riflettono le condizioni necessarie per raggiungere tali obiettivi.
    DOI: 10.1787/ddec60a9-it
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  • 12
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    Impacts géographiques potentiels de la guerre en Ukraine (version abrégée) : Etude du cas de l'Italie (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face aux conséquences de la guerre en Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Potential spatial impacts of the war in Ukraine (Abridged version): A case study from Italy
    Keywords: Economics ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Italy ; Russian Federation ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Les conséquences de la guerre en Ukraine seront sévèrement ressenties au sein des économies de l'OCDE, en particulier dans les régions frontalières qui se trouvent en première ligne de la crise humanitaire des réfugiés. Les conséquences économiques, en particulier celles liées à la hausse des prix de l'énergie, seront également différenciées au niveau géographique, touchant certaines régions plus que d'autres. L'Italie ne fait pas exception, les industries les plus consommatrices de gaz étant concentrées dans les régions du nord, tandis que les productions alimentaires à base de blé et l'agriculture prédominent dans les régions du sud et les îles. Bien que, dans l'ensemble, la Russie ne représente qu'une part mineure des exportations italiennes, certaines régions et industries sont plus vulnérables que d'autres à la baisse des échanges bilatéraux, notamment les destinations prisées par les touristes russes, dont les dépenses par habitant sont élevées.
    DOI: 10.1787/79eb47d6-fr
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  • 13
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    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Germany 2022 : Building Agility for Successful Transitions (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264522749 , 9789264671560 , 9789264958876
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (346 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-Berichte zur Innovationspolitik: Deutschland 2022: Agile Ansätze für erfolgreiche Transformationen
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Deutschland ; Industry and Services ; Science and Technology ; Germany
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukraine war have revealed vulnerabilities in Germany’s economic model: undiversified energy supply, an over-reliance on fossil fuels, delayed digitalisation and disruptable supply chains. Digital technologies may significantly disrupt manufacturing industries Germany has dominated for decades, threatening future competitiveness. The green transition also requires significant industrial transformations. Germany can call upon one of the world’s most advanced innovation systems in dealing with these challenges, but a new more agile and experimental approach to STI policy is needed. This Review outlines how to develop such an approach and what STI policies need to focus on: create markets for future innovations, more significant and more risk-tolerant finance for innovation, inter-disciplinary knowledge exchange, improved data infrastructure and capabilities. Given the internationally shared challenges of dealing with transitions, the insights presented in the review will be of interest to policymakers, stakeholders and analysts from Germany and across the OECD.
    DOI: 10.1787/50b32331-en
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  • 14
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    Assessing tax relief from targeted investment tax incentives through corporate effective tax rates : Methodology and initial findings for seven Sub-Saharan African countries (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Taxation Working Papers no.58
    Keywords: Taxation ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Angola ; Botswana ; Eswatini ; Kenya ; Mauritius ; Senegal ; South Africa
    Abstract: Corporate tax incentives reduce investment costs for businesses, which may affect investment and location decisions. They apply through different designs and interact with countries’ standard tax systems, often making it difficult for tax policy makers and researchers to compare their generosity and assess their impacts across countries. This paper develops a methodology to calculate forward-looking corporate effective tax rates (ETRs) summarising tax relief from investment tax incentives into comparable indicators. It presents ETR indicators for seven Sub-Saharan African countries. Empirical results show that tax incentives substantially lower corporate taxation across these countries. On average, tax incentives reduce ETRs by 30% in the food and automotive industries compared to the standard tax treatment. ETRs often differ among taxpayers in a same sector and country - by up to 55%. The most generous tax treatment is typically offered within Special Economic Zones, where tax incentives can reduce ETRs to near zero.
    DOI: 10.1787/3eaddf88-en
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  • 15
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    Going Digital to Advance Data Governance for Growth and Well-being (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264915756 , 9789264899094 , 9789264649828
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Data are generated wherever digital technologies are deployed namely, in almost every part of modern life. Using these data can empower individuals, drive innovation, enable new digital products and improve policy making and public service delivery. But as data become more widely used across sectors and applications, the potential for misuse and harm also grows. To advance data governance for growth and well-being, this report advocates a holistic and coherent approach to data governance, domestically and across borders. It examines how data have emerged as a strategic asset, with the ability to transform lives and confer economic advantage. It explains how the unique characteristics of data can pose complex trade-offs and challenge policies that pre-date the data-driven era. This report provides new insights, evidence and analysis and outlines considerations for better data governance policies in the digital age.
    DOI: 10.1787/e3d783b0-en
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  • 16
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    Going Digital Guide to Data Governance Policy Making (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264849952 , 9789264369085 , 9789264644151
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The ubiquitous collection, use, and sharing of data that power today’s economies challenge existing governance frameworks and policy approaches. Drawing on the extensive research and analysis conducted at the OECD on data governance, on countries’ policies and practices, and the OECD legal instruments in this area, the Going Digital Guide to Data Governance Policy Making supports policy makers in navigating three fundamental policy tensions that characterise efforts to develop, revise, and implement policies for data governance across policy domains in the digital age: balancing data openness and control while maximising trust; managing overlapping and potentially conflicting interests and regulations related to data; incentivising investments in data and their effective re-use. The operative part of the guide consists of a checklist of questions to orient policy makers as they develop and revise effective policies for data governance, based on possible policy approaches and real-life examples.
    DOI: 10.1787/40d53904-en
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  • 17
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    Culture and the creative economy in Emilia-Romagna, Italy (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (77 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2022/05
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Italy
    Abstract: Cultural and creative sectors are a significant driver of local development through job creation and income generation, spurring innovation across the economy. Beyond their economic impacts, they also have significant social impacts, from supporting health and well-being to promoting social inclusion and local social capital. This paper offers a review of cultural and creative sectors in the Emilia-Romagna region, Italy, highlighting issues and trends in regards to employment, business, entrepreneurship and financing in cultural and creative sectors. It also reviews issues and trends relating to cultural participation and offers in-depth analysis on the role of museums in supporting local development. The paper provides analysis and recommendations to support the region in strengthening the local cultural and creative ecosystem.
    DOI: 10.1787/841f1338-en
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  • 18
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    How vulnerable is European manufacturing to gas supply conditions? : A regional approach (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (5 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Erdgasmarkt ; Gasversorgung ; Gaspreis ; Industrie ; Beschäftigungseffekt ; EU-Staaten ; Economics ; Energy ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This note examines which regional economies in Europe are most exposed to rising gas prices on the basis of their dependency on gas intensive manufacturing sectors such as chemicals or basic metals. Based on OECD calculations we find that the employment shares of the most gas-intensive manufacturing sectors are largest in some regions of Central Europe and Northern Italy, as well as in certain regions of Sweden and Finland.
    DOI: 10.1787/01278ba3-en
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  • 19
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    I potenziali impatti territoriali della guerra in Ucraina : Il caso di studio dell’Italia (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Potential spatial impacts of the war in Ukraine: A case study from Italy
    Keywords: Economics ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Italy
    Abstract: L’impatto della guerra in Ucraina è chiaramente avvertibile nei Paesi OCSE, soprattutto nelle regioni di confine in prima linea nella gestione della crisi umanitaria dei rifugiati. Anche gli effetti sull’economia, specie quelli legati all’aumento dei prezzi dell’energia, si dispiegano in modo differenziato a livello territoriale, interessando alcune regioni più di altre. L’Italia non fa eccezione: i settori produttivi a elevato consumo di gas naturale sono per lo più concentrati nelle regioni settentrionali, mentre le aziende agricole e della produzione alimentare a base di grano sono relativamente più diffuse nelle regioni meridionali e insulari. Sebbene nel complesso la Russia rappresenti una quota minoritaria delle esportazioni italiane, alcuni territori e settori sono più esposti di altri a una diminuzione degli scambi bilaterali, come nel caso delle destinazioni più popolari tra i turisti russi ad elevata spesa pro capite.
    DOI: 10.1787/36dcfd11-it
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  • 20
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    Earth’s Orbits at Risk : The Economics of Space Sustainability (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264603936 , 9789264322394 , 9789264686793
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Weltraumtechnik ; Telekommunikationsnetz ; Risiko ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Environment
    Abstract: Society’s dependence on space infrastructure is at a critical juncture. Public and private actors worldwide are planning to launch tens of thousands of satellites into Earth’s orbit in the next five years. This will greatly expand and enrich the use of space resources, but it will also result in more crowded orbits and greater risk of damage from satellite collision and space debris. As satellite launches continue to multiply and concerns grow, the long-term sustainability of space-based infrastructure on orbit and beyond is set to emerge as an increasingly important space policy issue of the 21st century. This publication takes stock of the growing socio-economic dependence of our modern societies on space assets, and the general threats to space-based infrastructure from debris in particular. Notably, it provides fresh insights into the value of space-based infrastructure and the potential costs generated by space debris, drawing on new academic research developed especially for the OECD project on the economics of space sustainability.
    DOI: 10.1787/16543990-en
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    Quantifying industrial strategies (QuIS) : Measuring industrial policy expenditures (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2022/05
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Industrial policy is sparking renewed interest across OECD member countries and partner economies. However, amidst an increasing number of objectives for industrial policy, and despite the availability of information on countries’ strategies and plans, it remains difficult to properly measure and compare resources spent on industrial policies and identify countries’ strategic priorities. The lack of a cross-country comparable source of information on resources dedicated to industrial policy partly results from the absence of a common methodology to account for industrial policy expenditures. This paper provides a new methodology for reporting industrial policy expenditure in a comparable way across countries. It is the first deliverable of the “Quantifying Industrial Strategies” project, which aims at measuring industrial policy expenditures across OECD countries and will gather harmonised data on industrial policy expenditures, their composition, and their mode of delivery.
    DOI: 10.1787/ae351abf-en
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    From recovery to resilience: Designing a sustainable future for Fukushima (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Papers no.37
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment ; Agriculture and Food ; Nuclear Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Japan
    Abstract: Ten years ago, a devastating earthquake, tsunamis and nuclear accident in Japan took thousands of lives and affected millions of people. This unprecedented disaster generated numerous lessons for policymakers in Japan and around the world on how to prepare, respond to and recover from shocks, and build resilient communities, regions and societies. The 30 to 40 year process of decommissioning Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station offers the impetus and a rare window of opportunity to cultivate long-term, sustainable growth and resilience in the region and beyond. This Policy Brief presents the outcomes of the OECD-Japan Policy Dialogue on Developing Decommissioning Industry Clusters in Fukushima, conducted in 2019–20. It discusses the opportunities and challenges related to the decommissioning, and the policy options for sustainable recovery and development in the region. It also presents experiences and lessons relevant to Fukushima from other OECD regions and cities. While the brief is designed for local readers (e.g. policy makers, the private sector, academia, civil society), it also aims to raise the global profile of Fukushima’s ongoing reconstruction and recovery efforts.
    DOI: 10.1787/e40cbab1-en
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  • 23
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    Financing SMEs for sustainability : Drivers, Constraints and Policies (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.35
    Keywords: Mittelstandsfinanzierung ; Umweltschutzinvestition ; Welt ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Addressing the climate crisis requires the net zero transition of millions of SMEs globally. SMEs have a significant aggregate environmental footprint and need to adopt cleaner business models. As eco-entrepreneurs and eco-innovators, they also have a key role to play in devising innovative climate solutions. Access to finance is essential for SME investments in net zero, but small businesses face considerable challenges in tapping into the growing pool of sustainable finance. This challenge is likely to grow as financial institutions seek to comply with mandatory environmental reporting requirements. This policy paper examines the sustainable finance landscape for SMEs, the various actors in the ecosystem and the key drivers and barriers affecting the supply of and demand for sustainable finance. It provides an overview of the key policies and instruments in place to support SME access to sustainable finance and identifies considerations for future public support and policy making.
    DOI: 10.1787/a5e94d92-en
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  • 24
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    Identifying and characterising AI adopters : A novel approach based on big data (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (67 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2022/06
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This work employs a novel approach to identify and characterise firms adopting Artificial Intelligence (AI), using different sources of large microdata. Focusing on the United Kingdom, the analysis combines data on Intellectual Property Rights, website information, online job postings, and firm-level financials for the first time. It shows that a significant share of AI adopters is active in Information and Communication Technologies and professional services, and is located in the South of the United Kingdom, particularly around London. Adopters tend to be highly productive and larger than other firms, while young adopters tend to hire AI workers more intensively. Human capital appears to play an important role, not only for AI adoption but also for firms’ productivity returns. Significant differences in the characteristics of AI adopters emerge when distinguishing between firms carrying out AI innovation, those with an AI core business, and those searching for AI talent.
    DOI: 10.1787/154981d7-en
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  • 25
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    Green hydrogen opportunities for emerging and developing economies : Identifying success factors for market development and building enabling conditions (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.205
    Keywords: Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Hydrogen is a cross-cutting energy vector that can help to decarbonise various end-use sectors. At least two-thirds of the global hydrogen production is projected to be green hydrogen by 2050, supporting the transition to a net-zero emissions global energy system. This paper presents a value chain approach to identify priority areas for developing national hydrogen strategies, focussing on emerging and developing economies. Further, the analysis highlights success factors for green hydrogen projects, based on eight case studies covering applications in industrial, transport and power generation sectors. The paper summarises the enabling conditions and financing solutions that can spur the green hydrogen market creation and growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/53ad9f22-en
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    Policy brief on making the most of the social economy’s contribution to the circular economy (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2022/01
    Keywords: Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Sozialwirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This policy brief on the social economy and its contribution to the circular economy was produced by the OECD and the European Commission. The brief defines concepts of both the circular and social economy and describes the potential of the social economy to support circular activities and related business models and to reinforce uptake of circularity in our economies and societies. It finally identifies policy orientations that build on the complementarity of the social and circular economies, and help the social economy support circularity and drive a green and inclusive transition.
    DOI: 10.1787/e9eea313-en
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    Strengthening FDI and SME Linkages in Portugal (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264336674 , 9789264860407 , 9789264561939
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (145 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; KMU ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Investitionspolitik ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Portugal ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Portugal ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This report assesses the enabling conditions for maximising the benefits of foreign direct investment (FDI) on SME productivity and innovation in Portugal. It looks at the quality of investment that Portugal attracts and the capacity of Portuguese SMEs to benefit from any knowledge and technology spillovers resulting from these investments. It studies the extent to which FDI-SME spillovers occur through value chain linkages, strategic partnerships, labour mobility, competition and imitation effects. The report provides an overview of Portuguese public institutions responsible for investment, SMEs, innovation and regional development policies, taking a close look at arrangements to ensure multi-level policy coordination, stakeholder consultation and evaluation of policy impacts. It then reviews the mix of government policies that are currently in place to support FDI-SME linkages and spillovers, noting areas for further policy reforms. The last chapter introduces a regional lens, focusing in particular on the regions of Norte and Alentejo. This report is part of a broader European Commission-OECD programme on strengthening FDI-SME linkages and serves as a pilot for future country assessments.
    DOI: 10.1787/d718823d-en
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    L’internationalisation et l’attractivité des régions françaises (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264876774 , 9789264542334 , 9789264776791
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (193 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; France
    Abstract: Les enjeux de la mondialisation et des mégatendances ainsi que l’impact de la crise COVID affectent les territoires de manière asymétrique. Les Régions, responsables du développement économique et de l’internationalisation et les services et opérateurs de l’État qui les appuient, doivent pouvoir disposer d’indicateurs pertinents pour identifier les priorités de leurs politiques d’attractivité et assurer leur suivi. Ces politiques concernent un ensemble varié d’acteurs à différents niveaux de gouvernement. L’amélioration continue de l’action publique est un processus nécessaire pour faire de l’attractivité internationale vis-à-vis des investisseurs, des talents et des visiteurs, un levier de développement régional équilibré, inclusif et durable. À la demande de la France et avec le soutien de la DG REFORM de la CE, l’OCDE a développé une approche innovante pour accompagner les Régions françaises, leurs partenaires nationaux et les différents acteurs dans cet exercice. Six outils, dix recommandations et un plan d’action pour leur mise en œuvre sont proposés. Ce travail initié avec la France est désormais étendu à de nombreuses régions dans différents pays membres et non membres de l’OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/6f04564a-fr
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    Assessing environmental impact of measures in the OECD Green Recovery Database (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Évaluation de l’impact environnemental des mesures de la base de données de l’OCDE sur la relance verte
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Energy ; Development ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Transport
    Abstract: This Policy Brief provides the key findings and policy insights from the April 2022 update of OECD Green Recovery Database, which tracks recovery measures with a clear environmental impact adopted by OECD member countries, the European Union and selected large economies. Since the previous update in September 2021, the budget allocated to environmentally positive measures increased from USD 677 billion to USD 1 090 billion, while recovery spending with ‘mixed’ impacts increased from USD 163 to 290 billion. The Brief also explores how well-designed green recovery plans can generate the double dividend of enhanced energy security and better environmental outcomes, in the face of energy security concerns triggered by the war in Ukraine.
    DOI: 10.1787/3f7e2670-en
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  • 30
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    Legal frameworks for the social and solidarity economy : OECD Global Action “Promoting Social and Solidarity Economy Ecosystems” (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2022/04
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The OECD Global Action “Promoting Social and Solidarity Economy Ecosystems”, funded by the European Union, through its work stream on legal frameworks, endeavours to: 1) increase knowledge and understanding on legal frameworks for the social and solidarity economy; 2) explore approaches and trends of legal frameworks to regulate the social and solidarity economy as a whole and social economy organisations; and 3) understand how legal frameworks can be used to promote and develop the social and solidarity economy in different contexts. This paper defines the legal notions, traditions and approaches to better understand legal frameworks that regulate the field. It presents and analyses the diversity, relevance and implications of legal frameworks that regulate the social economy; takes stock of the processes that lead to their design and implementation; identifies possible criteria for assessing their performance; and highlights the crosscutting issues and policy examples that could inspire countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/480a47fd-en
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    Policies to Support Green Entrepreneurship : Building a Hub for Green Entrepreneurship in Denmark (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264565470 , 9789264898431 , 9789264354555
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (83 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Keywords: Gründungsförderung ; Unternehmer ; Umweltwirtschaft ; Umwelttechnik ; Dänemark ; Kanada ; Deutschland ; Israel ; Gründungsförderung ; Unternehmer ; Umweltwirtschaft ; Umwelttechnik ; Dänemark ; Kanada ; Deutschland ; Israel ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Governance ; Canada ; Denmark ; Germany ; Israel
    Abstract: Combatting climate change is among the most critical issues on the global policy agenda. The transition towards a greener economy will require a pivot towards more sustainable production processes and consumption patterns. Entrepreneurs have the potential to be a major driving force behind this effort through their capacity to develop and propagate innovative green solutions. To unlock this potential, it is crucial for policy makers to implement appropriate policies and measures that enable green entrepreneurs to thrive. This report identifies lessons from international policy practices in stimulating and supporting green entrepreneurship from three case study countries – Canada, Germany and Israel – to inform Denmark about effective policy practices and pitfalls to avoid as it implements initiatives to strengthen its green transition. Recommendations are offered across a number of areas such as promoting greater co-ordination between relevant policy actors, strengthening specialised support for green entrepreneurs and building green markets.
    DOI: 10.1787/e92b1946-en
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  • 32
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    Potential spatial impacts of the war in Ukraine : A case study from Italy (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2022/08
    Keywords: Economics ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Italy
    Abstract: The impacts of the war in Ukraine will be felt severely within OECD economies, especially in border regions on the front-line of the humanitarian refugee crisis. The economic impacts, in particular those driven by rising energy prices, will also be spatially differentiated, affecting some regions more than others. Italy is no exception, with gas-intensive industries concentrated in northern regions, and wheat-based food and farming prevailing in southern regions and islands. While, overall, Russia accounted for a minor share of Italian exports, some regions and industries are more vulnerable than others to falls in bilateral trade, including destinations popular with high per-capita expenditure Russian tourists.
    DOI: 10.1787/b7dae4e9-en
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    Pro-Productivity institutions at work : Country practices and new insights on their set-up and functioning (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Productivity Working Papers no.32
    Keywords: Economics ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: In the face of slowing productivity growth, a number of OECD countries have set up pro-productivity institutions to produce objective evidence and data on productivity trends and growth drivers and help inform pro-productivity policies and interventions. The paper presents a new analytical framework to analyse the key characteristics of these pro-productivity institutions. The framework draws on a comprehensive stocktaking of pro-productivity institutions and applied policy advice work aimed at supporting capabilities and mutual learning across these institutions. The paper finds that pro-productivity institutions rely on a variety of set-ups and approaches to contribute to pro-productivity policies. Despite this variety, the paper does point to some lessons that can help pro-productivity institutions to continuously strengthen their capabilities. In particular, the paper highlights the importance of guaranteeing the analytical independence of pro-productivity institutions and access to micro-level data on firms and workers to inform policies and interventions with objective data and evidence. The paper opens a new line of research on the political economy of productivity policies that can support countries ensure the effective implementation of policies aimed at enhancing incomes and living standards.
    DOI: 10.1787/f5a3a2df-en
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    ITF South and Southwest Asia Transport Outlook (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.104
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Transport
    Abstract: This report provides scenarios for future transport demand and CO2 emissions in South and Southwest Asia up to 2050 to help decision-makers chart pathways to sustainable, resilient transport. The scenarios reflect existing policy initiatives and specific constraints in the region. They also examine the potential impact of policies addressing the challenges and opportunities for transport from Covid-19.
    DOI: 10.1787/ccd79e6d-en
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    Culture and the Creative Economy in Colombia : Leveraging the Orange Economy (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264652682
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Keywords: Kreativsektor ; Kultursektor ; Kolumbien ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Colombia
    Abstract: In 2017, Colombia launched a novel public policy to stimulate the creative economy, building on the success of previous policy initiatives to support the cultural and creative sectors. The Orange Economy policy is unique for its transversal approach to supporting the creative economy and mainstreaming culture across diverse policy portfolios, beyond cultural policy. The report provides a comparative overview of Colombia’s culture and creative sectors relative to OECD peers and reviews progress in policy implementation. It provides a specific focus on Colombia’s push to foster creative districts as tool for local development across the country, including policy examples based on nine districts across the globe. The report maps the financial ecosystem for the creative economy in Colombia. Recommendations draw on international good practice to suggest ways Colombia can best leverage creative economy opportunities.
    DOI: 10.1787/184f1e07-en
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    Financing Growth and Turning Data into Business : Helping SMEs Scale Up (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264935921 , 9789264443891 , 9789264856998
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (195 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Keywords: Mittelstandspolitik ; KMU ; Mittelstandsfinanzierung ; Unternehmenswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that scale up have long raised policy interest for their extraordinary potential in terms of job creation, innovation, competitiveness and economic growth. Yet, little is known about which firms could effectively become scalers, and what policies could effectively promote SME growth. This report is part of a series aiming to help policy makers unleash scalers’ potential. Building on new evidence from microdata work, it rethinks the nature and scope of scale up policies, suggesting the need for a broader and more cross cutting approach. The report then explores two thematic areas that are relevant for SME scaling up, i.e. SME data governance and their access to ‘scale up’ finance. Based on an international mapping of 369 institutions and 1174 policy initiatives across OECD countries, the analysis shows that SME and entrepreneurship policy is not among the core mandates of many implementing institutions, calling for sound coordination across the board and further mainstreaming of SME growth considerations in both policy areas. Moreover, national policy mixes vary significantly across countries, reflecting different approaches to promoting SME growth and to SME targeting, but also revealing possible policy blind spots.
    DOI: 10.1787/81c738f0-en
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    OECD-Berichte zur Innovationspolitik: Deutschland 2022 : Agile Ansätze für erfolgreiche Transformationen (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264383036 , 9789264884533 , 9789264986152
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (374 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Germany 2022: Building Agility for Successful Transitions
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Deutschland ; Industry and Services ; Science and Technology ; Germany
    Abstract: Die Coronapandemie und der Krieg in der Ukraine haben Schwachstellen in Deutschlands Wirtschaftsmodell aufgezeigt: zu wenig diversifizierte Energieversorgung, zu starke Abhängigkeit von fossilen Energieträgern, zu langsame Digitalisierung und störanfällige Lieferketten. Die digitalen Technologien können im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe, in dem Deutschland seit Jahrzehnten eine führende Stellung einnimmt, zu erheblichen disruptiven Veränderungen führen und die künftige Wettbewerbsfähigkeit gefährden. Darüber hinaus verlangt die ökologische Transformation der Industrie große Anpassungsmaßnahmen ab. Deutschland kann auf eines der fortschrittlichsten Innovationssysteme der Welt zurückgreifen, um diese Herausforderungen zu bewältigen, im Bereich der WTI-Politik ist jedoch ein agilerer Ansatz mit mehr Experimentierfreude erforderlich. Der OECD-Bericht zur Innovationspolitik: Deutschland 2022 beschreibt, wie ein solcher Ansatz entwickelt werden kann und worauf sich die WTI-Politik konzentrierten sollte: die Schaffung von Märkten für künftige Innovationen, umfangreichere und risikotolerantere Finanzierung für Innovationen, interdisziplinärer Wissensaustausch sowie bessere Dateninfrastruktur und -kapazitäten. Da die mit den Transformationen verbundenen Herausforderungen auch andere Länder betreffen, dürften die in diesem Bericht dargelegten Erkenntnisse nicht nur für politische Entscheidungsträger*innen, beteiligte Akteure und Politikberater*innen in Deutschland, sondern auch für andere OECD-Länder von großem Interesse sein.
    DOI: 10.1787/9d21d68b-de
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    Innovative and Entrepreneurial Universities in Latin America (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264662278 , 9789264928114 , 9789264842502
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (131 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Forschungskooperation ; Entrepreneurship ; Innovation ; Lateinamerika ; Education ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Argentina ; Brazil ; Chile ; Colombia ; Mexico ; Uruguay
    Abstract: The review examines how higher education institutions are supporting innovation and entrepreneurship in their surrounding communities. The study focuses on eleven universities located in six countries in Latin America: Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. The study finds that selected institutions are actively supporting entrepreneurs (university students, but also local entrepreneurs) through courses, incubation and acceleration activities. It also shows that universities are actively engaging with external stakeholders in their surrounding communities, to spur innovation through joint-research, organisation of events (such as festivals, competition). It finds that that while COVID-19 pandemic brought about some challenges, universities managed to stay afloat and keep a steady stream of support to entrepreneurs and partners. The review also illustrates the challenges that universities face when developing these activities (lack of funding, unclear regulation for intellectual property development, etc.) and highlights some opportunities that universities should leverage, particularly in the current context.
    DOI: 10.1787/ca45d22a-en
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    Unlocking the potential of youth-led social enterprises (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2022/11
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Young people increasingly prioritise pursuing careers with positive social and environmental impacts. Social enterprises can help them fulfil this ambition. Youth-led social enterprises can address pressing social and environmental issues while providing young people with opportunities in the labour market. Despite these benefits, these entities often struggle due to the age of their founders and the specificities of their businesses. This paper analyses the drivers and potential benefits of youth-led social enterprises (section 1), assesses the challenges they face (section 2) and provides policy guidance to address them through tailored support programmes based on best practice examples and experiences from OECD countries and beyond (section 3).
    DOI: 10.1787/d5bddad8-en
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    Mode Choice in Freight Transport (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282157626
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Keywords: Verkehrsmittelwahl ; Güterverkehr ; China ; Kanada ; Niederlande ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Transport
    Abstract: This report examines why freight carriers and shippers choose one transport mode over others. It analyses the main determinants for using road, rail, inland waterways, coastal shipping or pipelines to move goods and assesses government policies to influence it. The study also reviews how shifting freight to more sustainable modes could reduce the contribution of goods transport to climate change and provides recommendations for more effective policies. The role of mode choice in alleviating congestion and making goods transport safer is also addressed. Three case studies from China, Canada and the Netherlands highlight modal-shift policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/3e69ebc4-en
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    Future-Proofing Adult Learning in Berlin, Germany (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264374386 , 9789264713543 , 9789264976054
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Keywords: Erwachsenenbildung ; Weiterbildung ; Berlin ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Governance ; Germany
    Abstract: After a long period of employment growth that led to the lowest unemployment rate since the German reunification, Berlin’s labour market is now tightening. Accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, global labour market megatrends such as the automation of production processes and the increasingly advanced digital skills required to perform many jobs pose new challenges to Berlin’s policymakers. Preparing and improving its adult learning system to adapt to the rapidly changing demand for skills will be vital for the future competitiveness of Berlin’s economy and socio-economic mobility. The report Future-Proofing Adult Learning in Berlin, Germany analyses strengths and bottlenecks in Berlin’s adult learning programmes. It stresses the importance of developing a long-term vision for continuing education and training in Berlin that brings together different actors from an adult learning landscape that offers a wide range of diverse services. It further highlights the need to expand local adult learning programmes that account for the city’s highly dynamic population and labour market.
    DOI: 10.1787/fdf38f60-en
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  • 42
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    Évaluation de l’impact environnemental des mesures de la base de données de l’OCDE sur la relance verte (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Assessing environmental impact of measures in the OECD Green Recovery Database
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Energy ; Development ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Transport
    Abstract: La présente note d'orientation présente les principales conclusions et informations de la mise à jour d’avril 2022 de la Base de données de l’OCDE sur la relance verte, qui recense les mesures de relance ayant un impact clair sur l’environnement adoptées par les pays membres de l’OCDE, l’Union européenne et certaines grandes économies. Depuis la précédente mise à jour de septembre 2021, le budget alloué aux mesures favorables à l’environnement est passé de 677 milliard USD à 1 090 milliards USD, tandis que les dépenses de relance ayant des effets « mitigés » sont passées de 163 milliards USD à 290 milliards USD. La Note étudie dans quelle mesure des plans de relance bien conçus peuvent présenter le double avantage de renforcer la sécurité énergétique et de permettre de meilleurs résultats pour l’environnement, dans le contexte des préoccupations énergétiques soulevées par la guerre en Ukraine.
    DOI: 10.1787/526488c8-fr
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  • 43
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    Promoting Start-Ups and Scale-Ups in Denmark’s Sector Strongholds and Emerging Industries (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264609495 , 9789264591172 , 9789264819207
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (109 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Keywords: Gründungsförderung ; Wachstumsbranche ; Dänemark ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Governance ; Denmark ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: Start-ups and scale-ups often make outsized contributions to innovation and job creation. However, while entrepreneurial ecosystems in countries and regions are increasingly studied, less is known about differences by sector. What role do start-ups and scale-ups play in the development of different future growth sectors? What problems and bottlenecks does government policy need to address? To what extent do the start-up and scale-up contributions and obstacles vary by sector, and what is in common across sectors? This report examines the entrepreneurial ecosystems of three of Denmark's sector strongholds, sectors where future growth is likely to be generated - advanced production, energy technology and food and bio resources. A focus on Denmark includes the scale and nature of start-ups and scale-ups in different sectors, the bottlenecks, the current policies and how they can be refined. In addition, nine international policy experiences are presented as inspiring practices for Denmark and other countries - covering Austria, Canada, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Recommendations are offered for Denmark across areas such as entrepreneurial finance, networks, public procurement, and cluster management organisations, covering both cross-sector and sector-specific recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/8f9bd7b0-en
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    Potential spatial impacts of the war in Ukraine (Abridged version) : A case study from Italy (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Kriegsfolgen ; Räumliche Verteilung ; Italien ; Ukraine ; Economics ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Italy ; Russian Federation ; Ukraine
    Abstract: The impacts of the war in Ukraine will be felt severely within OECD economies, especially in border regions on the front-line of the humanitarian refugee crisis. The economic impacts, in particular those driven by rising energy prices, will also be spatially differentiated, affecting some regions more than others. Italy is no exception, with gas-intensive industries concentrated in northern regions, and wheat-based food and farming prevailing in southern regions and islands. While, overall, Russia accounted for a minor share of Italian exports, some regions and industries are more vulnerable than others to falls in bilateral trade, including destinations popular with high per-capita expenditure Russian tourists.
    DOI: 10.1787/76c873fd-en
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  • 45
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    Spodbujanje socialnega podjetništva in razvoj socialnih podjetij v Sloveniji : Poglobljeni pregled politik (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Slovenian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Boosting social entrepreneurship and social enterprise development in Slovenia: In-depth policy review
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Slovenia
    Abstract: To poročilo vsebuje poglobljeno analizo ekosistema politik za socialno podjetništvo in socialna podjetja v Sloveniji. V njem so opredeljene prednosti in izzivi Slovenije ter podana priporočila za podporo razvoju močnejšega ekosistema politik. Po pregledu družbeno-gospodarskega in političnega ozadja (1. poglavje) poročilo opiše temeljni okvir za socialna podjetja in socialno ekonomijo (2. poglavje) ter analizira institucionalne in pravne okvire za socialna podjetja (3. poglavje), dostop do financiranja za socialna podjetja (4. poglavje) ter dostop do trga v javnem in zasebnem sektorju (5. poglavje), skupaj z merjenjem in poročanjem o družbenih učinkih za razvoj socialnih podjetij (6. poglavje).
    DOI: 10.1787/1d0480bd-sl
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    Diretrizes da OCDE para Empresas Multinacionais, Edição 2011 (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264470507
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, 2011 Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Líneas Directrices de la OCDE para Empresas Multinacionales
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises 2011 Edition (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Linee Guida OCSE destinate alle Imprese Multinazionali 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises 2011 Edition (Russian version)
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Esta edição de 2011 das Diretrizes da OCDE para Empresas Multinacionais compromete 42 países a novos e mais rigorosos padrões de comportamento empresarial. As Diretrizes atualizadas incluem novas recomendações sobre o abuso dos direitos humanos e a responsabilidade das empresas em suas cadeias de fornecimento, tornando-as o primeiro acordo intergovernamental nesta área. As Diretrizes estabelecem que as empresas devem respeitar os direitos humanos em todos os países em que operam. As empresas devem também respeitar as normas ambientais e laborais, por exemplo, e ter em vigor processos adequados de devida diligência para garantir que tal aconteça. Estes incluem questões como o pagamento de salários dignos, o combate à solicitação e extorsão de subornos, e a promoção do consumo sustentável. As Diretrizes são um código de conduta abrangente e não vinculativo que os países membros da OCDE e outros concordaram em promover entre o sector empresarial. Foi também posto em prática um novo e mais duro processo de queixas e mediação.
    DOI: 10.1787/39ad30a0-pt
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    Culture and the creative economy in Glasgow city region, Scotland, United Kingdom (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2022/10
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Cultural and creative sectors are a significant driver of local development through job creation and income generation, spurring innovation across the economy. Beyond their economic impacts, they also have significant social impacts, from supporting health and well-being to promoting social inclusion and local social capital. Glasgow City Region in Scotland, United Kingdom has a long history of transformative cultural policy. Cultural and creative sectors are now one of the region’s strengths. This paper provides an overview of cultural and creative sectors in the Glasgow City Region, highlighting trends in employment, business dynamics, entrepreneurship and financing as well as cultural participation. It offers analysis and recommendations to support the region in continuing to build on its local cultural and creative ecosystem.
    DOI: 10.1787/54374bc9-en
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  • 48
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    Kerangka kerja untuk transisi netralitas karbon sektor industri : Mengembangkan solusi pendanaan di negara dengan ekonomi berkembang pesat dan berkembang (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Framework for industry’s net-zero transition: Developing financing solutions in emerging and developing economies
    Keywords: Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Industri manufaktur adalah sumber utama emisi karbon dioksida global. Produksi industri akan terus bergeser ke negara-negara berkembang pesat dan berkembang. Investasi baru diperlukan dalam teknologi rendah karbon untuk menyelaraskan pertumbuhan industri dengan target negara emisi nol bersih. Untuk mengurangi risiko yang terkait dengan tingginya biaya dan rendahnya kematangan dari banyak teknologi rendah karbon yang dibutuhkan, peningkatan pendanaan dari sumber keuangan publik dan swasta akan menjadi hal yang sangat penting. Publikasi baru dari OECD tentang “Kerangka Kerja untuk Transisi Netralitas Karbon (Net-zero) Sektor Industri” adalah pendekatan selangkah demi selangkah untuk membantu negara berkembang pesat dan berkembang dalam merancang solusi untuk pembiayaan dan untuk meningkatkan kondisi pemungkin yang dapat mempercepat transisi sektor industri. Hasil implementasi Kerangka Kerja ini di negara berkembang pesat dan berkembang akan berkontribusi pada kebijakan iklim dan keuangan yang lebih luas dan dapat membantu memfasilitasi kerja sama internasional untuk transisi berskala besar.
    DOI: 10.1787/9ec2dabe-id
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    Framework for industry’s net-zero transition : Developing financing solutions in emerging and developing economies (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.32
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Kerangka kerja untuk transisi netralitas karbon sektor industri: Mengembangkan solusi pendanaan di negara dengan ekonomi berkembang pesat dan berkembang
    Keywords: Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The manufacturing industry is a major source of global carbon dioxide emissions. Industrial production will continue to shift to emerging and developing economies. New investments are needed in low-carbon technologies to align industry’s growth with countries’ net-zero emission targets. In order to reduce the risks associated with the high cost and low maturity of the many needed low-carbon technologies, scaling up finance from both public and private financial sources will be crucial. OECD’s new “Framework for industry’s net-zero transition” is a step-by-step approach to assist emerging and developing economies in designing solutions for financing and to improve the enabling conditions that can accelerate industry’s transition. Outcomes of the Framework implementation in emerging and developing economies will contribute to the broader climate and finance policies and it can help to facilitate international co-operation for transition at scale.
    DOI: 10.1787/0c5e2bac-en
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    Policies for resilient local economies (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2022/09
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has critically tested OECD economies, with major differences in economic repercussions at the subnational level. The pandemic can be characterised as a combination of shocks to local economies: (i) a recession, (ii) a supply-side shock mirroring a natural disaster, and (iii) the economic and workplace adjustments accelerated by pre-existing megatrends (e.g. automation, green transition). This paper reviews the empirical evidence for effective policies from across the OECD to strengthen local economic resilience through support for people, firms and places. There is a strong need for effective policies in times of recessions, natural disasters and long-term structural change. Policies that strengthen economic resilience strongly overlap with policies for local productivity growth and vice-versa. Moreover, some policies aiming to increase resilience through adding redundancy in production or infrastructure can serve productivity in the long-term.
    DOI: 10.1787/872d431b-en
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    OECD Handbook on Measuring the Space Economy, 2nd Edition (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264671157 , 9789264923485 , 9789264632097
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Much has changed in the space economy over the past decade, with an ever-growing number of countries and business enterprises involved in space activities. Despite progress made in the quality and availability of data, the international comparability of space economy statistics remains limited. A decade after its first publication, it is therefore time to provide an up-to-date revision of the OECD Handbook on Measuring the Space Economy to reflect the changing landscape of space activities, space technologies and subsequent evolving user needs. This new edition aims to encourage and facilitate data collection among both incumbents and new actors involved in space activities, respond to the needs of the public agencies that still fund the bulk of space programmes, and support industry and private decision-takers who will also benefit from improved statistics on the space economy.
    DOI: 10.1787/8bfef437-en
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    Carbon Pricing in Shipping (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.110
    Keywords: Ökosteuer ; Schifffahrt ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Welt ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report reviews the effectiveness of carbon pricing, how it might be applied to the shipping sector and with what effects. It also evaluates recent proposals by countries to introduce a price on shipping’s carbon emissions and examines related policy issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/250921ec-en
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    The Freight Space Race : Curbing the Impact of Freight Deliveries in Cities (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.109
    Keywords: Städtischer Wirtschaftsverkehr ; Stadtverkehr ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report explores ways of making deliveries in cities less disruptive and more sustainable. How goods are distributed in urban environments profoundly affects metropolitan life. Urban freight flows impact cities’ economic vitality, their environmental footprint, the safety and efficiency of traffic and the ways public space is used. The report examines how new partnerships, innovative methods, the use of data and intelligent space allocation can ease the pressure on cities and their inhabitants by rapidly growing freight movements in urban areas. It also addresses whether solutions require new forms of data management, what new types of delivery vehicles might be required and how actors can co-ordinate more effectively.
    DOI: 10.1787/61fdaaee-en
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    Strengthening FDI and SME Linkages in the Slovak Republic (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264898738 , 9789264606371 , 9789264834132
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (199 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; KMU ; Investitionspolitik ; Spillover-Effekt ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Slowakei ; Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: This report assesses the linkages between foreign direct investment (FDI) and domestic small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Slovak Republic. It provides policy recommendations to national and subnational governments on how to foster productivity and innovation spillovers from FDI to the local economy. The report looks at the quality of investment the country attracts, the absorptive capacity of Slovak SMEs, and a broad range of economic, business and policy conditions that can strengthen knowledge and technology diffusion from FDI to domestic SMEs. It also provides a diagnostic assessment of the core FDI-SME spillover diffusion channels, namely value chain linkages, strategic partnerships, labour mobility, and competition and imitation effects. The report provides an overview of the Slovak policy arrangements for promoting international investment, SME performance and innovation, and regional development. It does so by taking a close look at multi-level coordination, stakeholder consultation and impact evaluation. It then reviews the policy mix in support FDI-SME linkages and spillovers and proposes concrete areas for further policy reforms. The last chapter introduces a regional lens, focusing on the regions of Banská Bystrica and Košice. This report is part of a multi-year European Commission-OECD project on strengthening FDI-SME ecosystems and is the second pilot review for future country assessments.
    DOI: 10.1787/972046f5-en
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    Regulatory Governance in the Mining Sector in Brazil (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264881990 , 9789264700895 , 9789264126169
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Governança regulatória no setor de mineração no Brasil
    Keywords: Bergbau ; Bergbaupolitik ; Regulierung ; Brasilien ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Brazil
    Abstract: Mining plays a crucial role in Brazil’s economy. Nonetheless, the efforts and resources devoted to regulatory quality in the sector, including the enforcement of rules, have not always been commensurate. This report identifies the gaps, barriers, implementation flaws and inefficiencies in the regulatory framework of the mining sector in Brazil. It takes stock of the recent reforms in the mining sector in Brazil, identifies areas that pose the greatest challenges for effective regulation in mining. It also describes the reforms that created the National Mining Agency of Brazil, its governance arrangements and its current regulatory practices. These are assessed against OECD principles in regulatory policy and mining regulation, as well as against country experiences from Australia, Chile, and Mexico. Finally, recommendations are provided to support further reform efforts.
    DOI: 10.1787/63d60aa8-en
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    SME Policy Index: Western Balkans and Turkey 2022 : Assessing the Implementation of the Small Business Act for Europe (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264418233 , 9789264631670 , 9789264894808
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1064 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: SME Policy Index
    Keywords: KMU ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Albanien ; Bosnien-Herzegowina ; Kroatien ; Nordmazedonien ; Montenegro ; Serbien ; Kosovo ; Türkei ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Albania ; Bosnia and Herzegovina ; Kosovo ; Montenegro ; North Macedonia ; Serbia
    Abstract: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are essential drivers of sustainable economic growth in the Western Balkans and Turkey, where they make up 99% of all firms, generate 65% value added and account for 75% of employment. Nevertheless, SMEs across the region continue to face obstacles such as difficulties accessing financing, low levels of digital uptake, regulatory barriers and relatively low participation in international trade. The situation has been further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic: SMEs found themselves fighting for survival amidst reduced demand, lockdowns and travel restrictions, and supply chain disruptions. This report provides an overview of the implementation of the Small Business Act for Europe during the period 2019-22. It is designed to help policy makers design, implement and monitor policies to support the recovery of SMEs from the pandemic, boost their competitiveness based on OECD and EU good practices, and further enhance the region’s economic growth and resilience.
    DOI: 10.1787/b47d15f0-en
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    Cyfrovizacija dlja vidnovlennja Ukrai͏̈ny (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Title: Цифровізація для відновлення України
    Language: Ukrainian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (10 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Digitalisation for recovery in Ukraine
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Šyrokomasštabna ahresija Rosii͏̈ proty Ukrai͏̈ny pereškodžaje švydkomu rozvytku cyfrovoi͏̈ ekonomiky ta IT-sektoru krai͏̈ny, zokrema, spryčynjajučy serjozni zboi͏̈ pidključennja do Internetu. U cʹomu styslomu vykladi pytanʹ polityky stverdžujetʹsja, ščo ukrai͏̈nsʹkyj urjad rozrobyv ambitnyj plan cyfrovoho vidnovlennja, jakyj ochopljuje infrastrukturu, nadannja cyfrovych deržavnych posluh i cyfrovu ekonomiku, ale pevni problemy zalyšajutʹsja. Dyvljačysʹ u majbutnje, za pidtrymky polityčnych instrumentiv OESR, takych jak «Ramkova koncepcija cyfrovizacii͏̈», Ukrai͏̈na mohla b vykorystaty rekonstrukciju infrastruktury dlja modernizacii͏̈ svojei͏̈ komunikacijnoi͏̈ mereži, vyrišennja pytannja ekstra terytorialʹnoho zv’jazku ta pidtrymky pisljavojennoi͏̈ cyfrovoi͏̈ ekonomiky za dopomohoju bahatʹoch fiskalʹnych, rehuljatyvnych i finansovych zachodiv.
    Abstract: Широкомасштабна агресія Росії проти України перешкоджає швидкому розвитку цифрової економіки та ІТ-сектору країни, зокрема, спричиняючи серйозні збої підключення до Інтернету. У цьому стислому викладі питань політики стверджується, що український уряд розробив амбітний план цифрового відновлення, який охоплює інфраструктуру, надання цифрових державних послуг і цифрову економіку, але певні проблеми залишаються. Дивлячись у майбутнє, за підтримки політичних інструментів ОЕСР, таких як «Рамкова концепція цифровізації», Україна могла б використати реконструкцію інфраструктури для модернізації своєї комунікаційної мережі, вирішення питання екстра територіального зв’язку та підтримки післявоєнної цифрової економіки за допомогою багатьох фіскальних, регулятивних і фінансових заходів.
    DOI: 10.1787/7ab01ffd-uk
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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