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  • 2020-2024  (167)
  • 1970-1974
  • 2020  (167)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (167)
  • Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press
  • Social Issues/Migration/Health  (167)
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  • 2020-2024  (167)
  • 1970-1974
Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: West African papers no. 27 (March 2020)
    Series Statement: West African papers
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Burkina Faso ; Chad ; Mali ; Mauritania ; Niger ; Senegal ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore the gendered impacts of climate change in the Sahel. In particular, it explores the ways in which gender inequality is a critical factor in understanding vulnerability and resilience efforts concerning climate change. It shows that the current climate crisis is affecting livelihoods throughout the Sahel in pronounced ways. In a region highly dependent upon subsistence agriculture and pastoralist livelihoods, climate variability and environmental degradation have made such livelihoods difficult to sustain, the effects of which have broad ranging impacts on social and economic systems. Consequently, migration, livelihood adaptation, social unrest, and political instability emerge from the ecological challenges the Sahel is facing. Those with the resources to respond to and prepare for future climate events will be better equipped to navigate the climate crisis. Unfortunately, those resources are rarely equally distributed at the household, community, and state levels. In particular, gender inequalities within the Sahel pose a very real challenge for adaptation and resilience strategies as states and global institutions make interventions to support at risk populations. The paper then explores what development and state institutions are doing to resolve gender inequity through climate resilience policy, and where these efforts are falling short. The paper concludes with some strategies to improve opportunities for gender equity and climate resilience based on field research within the Sahel.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Égalité entre les femmes et les hommes: avons-nous atteint le point de basculement?
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe A more violent world?
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Closing the gender gap: Have we reached the tipping point?
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Un monde plus violent ?
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Making Africa healthy
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Oser partager
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Dare to share
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Afrique : recouvrer la santé
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Sub-Saharan Africa suffers from the worst health status in the world, according to the authors of Making Medicines in Africa. As policymakers turn their focus to healthcare, in part spurred on by the UN Sustainable Development Goals, the authors argue that industrial development in pharmaceuticals and the capabilities it generates can play a crucial role in addressing the healthcare needs of the continent. Through a collection of case studies on industrial policies, Making Medicines in Africa shows the successes and pitfalls along the way.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Social economy and the COVID-19 crisis: current and future roles
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: La "economía social" ha desempeñado un importante rol a la hora de abordar y mitigar los impactos a corto y largo plazo de la crisis de COVID-19 sobre la economía y la sociedad. A corto plazo, los agentes de la economía social han contribuido a la recuperación de la crisis aportando soluciones innovadoras destinadas a reforzar los servicios públicos como complemento de la acción gubernamental. A largo plazo, las organizaciones de economía social pueden contribuir a reconfigurar la economía posterior a la crisis promoviendo modelos económicos inclusivos y sostenibles. Apoyándose en décadas de experiencia, sus características específicas y sus principios subyacentes, la economía social puede inspirar modelos de innovación social y un sentido de propósito a las empresas que operan en la economía de mercado.
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  • 11
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The impact of COVID-19 on student equity and inclusion: Supporting vulnerable students during school closures and school re-openings
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Es fundamental un enfoque integral de la educación — que aborde las necesidades de aprendizaje, sociales y emocionales de los alumnos — especialmente en tiempos de crisis. El cierre de escuelas debido al COVID-19 significa que los estudiantes de diversos entornos con mayor riesgo de alta vulnerabilidad tienen menos probabilidades de recibir el apoyo y los servicios complementarios que necesitan, y podría incrementar la brecha entre alumnos que experimentan mayores dificultades y los que no, podría aumentar. Los cierres pueden tener efectos considerables en el sentido de pertenencia que tengan los alumnos hacia la escuela y en su propia autoestima, elementos fundamentales para la inclusión en la educación. Este Informe de política describe las iniciativas de los países miembros de la OCDE para hacer frente a las diferentes necesidades de los estudiantes vulnerables durante la pandemia. Más allá del cierre de escuelas, también se examina la cuestión de su reapertura, presentando las medidas actuales de los países y proporcionando indicaciones políticas destinadas a garantizar que la pandemia no obstaculice aún más la inclusión de los estudiantes vulnerables en los sistemas educativos.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264331020 , 9789264406193 , 9789264868823
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.27
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe La fiscalité et la philanthropie
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Taxation and philanthropy
    Keywords: Fundraising ; Wohltätigkeit ; Steuervergünstigung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation
    Abstract: This report provides a detailed review of the tax treatment of philanthropic entities and philanthropic giving in 40 OECD member and participating countries. The report first examines the various arguments for and against the provision of preferential tax treatment for philanthropy. It then reviews the tax treatment of philanthropic entities and giving in the 40 participating countries, in both a domestic and cross-border context. Drawing on this analysis, the report then highlights a range of potential tax policy options for countries to consider.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264849396
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 Seiten) , Diagramme, Illustrationen
    Keywords: Gewalt ; Frau ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Erde
    Abstract: Violence against women remains a global crisis. Worldwide, more than one in three women have experienced physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime. OECD’s inaugural conference on violence against women, entitled “Taking Public Action to End Violence at Home,” facilitated a survivor-centred exchange of ideas and experiences. Held on 5-6 February 2020, attendees convened to share experiences, practices and ideas on how to prevent, address, and eradicate intimate partner violence (IPV), a particularly insidious form of violence against women. Just a few weeks after this OECD conference concluded, the regional health crisis of COVID-19 in Asia had turned into a global pandemic. In less than a month, the entire world was grappling with the massive health, social, and economic effects of the crisis – including the consequences of millions of women becoming trapped at home with their abusers, as governments implemented containment measures to stop the spread of the virus. The issues, challenges, and solutions to intimate partner violence that were debated at OECD conference have taken on a new and even more pressing urgency in the face of the global crisis.
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis, Literaturhinweise
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264552098 , 9789264689640 , 9789264673366
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Public Health
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of public health
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Südkorea ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of ; Südkorea ; Gesundheitswesen
    Abstract: This review assesses Korea's public health system, highlights areas of strength and weakness, and makes a number of recommendations for improvement. The review examines Korea's public health system architecture, and how well policies are responding to population health challenges, including the growing burden of chronic disease, and resulting pressures on the health system. In particular, the review assesses Korea’s policies to prevent harmful alcohol use, and the risks and opportunities around public health genomics in Korea, which is both a growing field in the health sector, and a booming commercial industry. The review also examines Korea's exposure to public health emergencies, and capacity to respond to emergencies as and when they occur.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264757943 , 9789264726567 , 9789264847002
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Global transformations – from population ageing to digitalisation, rising inequalities and climate change – have created profound uncertainties for young people and future generations, despite unprecedented access to information, education and technology. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated pre-existing challenges in youth’s mental well-being and employment, while raising concerns about the sustainability of public finances. This report provides the first comparative assessment of the policies, laws, institutional capacities and governance tools put in place by 42 national governments and the European Union to promote youth empowerment and intergenerational justice. It sets benchmarks for cross-country comparisons in three main areas: 1) Supporting youth’s transition to an autonomous life, 2) Enhancing youth’s participation and representation in public life as well as trust in government, and 3) Delivering fair policy outcomes for all generations. Finally, it provides practical insights for policy makers, civil society and young people seeking to build a present and future that leaves no generation behind.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264749863 , 9789264873490 , 9789264362819
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Economics
    Abstract: Housing is key to inclusive growth. It is the biggest spending item of household budgets, the main driver of wealth accumulation and biggest source of debt for most households. Housing and the neighbourhood in which people live also have important implications for individual health, employment and educational outcomes – effects that can begin in childhood and can last a lifetime. Nevertheless, the housing market may also present a barrier to inclusive growth for some groups, such as low-income households, children, youth, seniors and the homeless. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted even more abruptly just how important housing issues are to people, and prompted governments to introduce a range of emergency housing supports. However, the pandemic has also underscored the need for governments to develop more structural responses to address persistent housing challenges. This report assesses the key underlying pre-COVID-19 housing policy issues and proposes a series of recommendations to support more inclusive housing outcomes. These include measures to address some of the structural barriers to inclusive growth in the housing market, as well as measures to address the specific housing challenges facing vulnerable groups.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264549319 , 9789264863323 , 9789264638341
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: New Approaches to Economic Challenges
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Beyond growth
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; OECD ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: We are facing a series of converging planetary emergencies linked to the environment, the economy, and our social and political systems, but we will not meet these challenges using the tools of the last century. We need to rethink the role of the economy in improving the well-being of people and the planet. As the world’s leading intergovernmental forum on economic policy, the OECD has a central role to play in creating a new economic narrative. OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurría therefore invited a high-level group of experts to contribute their proposals on what needs to change in economic policy and policymaking. This report summarises their conclusions. The Advisory Group argues that we need to go beyond growth, to stop seeing growth as an end in itself, but rather as a means to achieving societal goals including environmental sustainability, reduced inequality, greater wellbeing and improved resilience. This requires updating the philosophy, tools and methods underpinning the analysis that influences economic decision-making. Drawing on developments across the modern field of economics and political economy, the report argues for a new approach which recognises the rootedness of economic systems and behaviour in the relationship between people, social institutions and the environment.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Rebuilding tourism for the future: COVID-19 policy responses and recovery
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Les perspectives dans le secteur touristique demeurent très incertaines. La pandémie de coronavirus (COVID-19) continue de frapper durement ce secteur ; selon les prévisions, le tourisme international devrait diminuer d’environ 80 % en 2020. Le tourisme interne contribue à atténuer le choc, tout au moins partiellement, et les pouvoirs publics ont immédiatement pris des mesures remarquables pour aider et relancer le secteur tout en préservant les emplois et les entreprises. Bon nombre de pays s’emploient également à élaborer des mesures pour construire une économie touristique plus résiliente après la pandémie de COVID-19. Elles consistent notamment à préparer des plans de soutien durable à la reprise dans le secteur du tourisme, à encourager le virage du numérique et la transition vers un tourisme vert et à adapter le tourisme aux réalités futures.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe COVID-19検査:外出制限措置を解除するために
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Testando para a COVID-19: Uma maneira de flexibilizar as restrições do confinamento
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Realizar pruebas para la detección de la COVID-19: Una forma de levantar las restricciones de confinamiento
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This policy brief discusses the role of testing for COVID 19 as part of any plan to lift confinement restrictions and prepare for a possible new wave of viral infections. If all confinement restrictions are lifted before a vaccine or effective treatments are developed without other measures to suppress new infections, the infection rate is expected to rebound rapidly. Crucially, quick suppression of infections requires testing more people to identify who is infected; tracking them to make sure they do not spread the disease further; and tracing with whom they have been in contact. This brief discusses how testing strategies can be used to achieve three main goals: suppressing the resurgence of local outbreaks, identifying people who have developed some form of immunity and can safely return to work and gaining intelligence on the evolution of the epidemic, including on when a threshold for herd immunity has been reached. The brief discusses what tests can be used for each goal, as well as practical implementation issues with testing strategies, including the opportunities and risks of using digital tools in this context.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.)
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les mesures adoptées par les villes face au COVID-19
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 新型コロナウィルス(COVID-19)への都市の政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cities policy responses
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Políticas de reposta das cidades
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: La nota también incluye información nueva sobre cómo las ciudades están saliendo progresivamente del confinamiento y las lecciones aprendidas en términos de densidad, movilidad y digitalización.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe COVID-19: Proteger a las personas y las sociedades
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: In only a few weeks, COVID-19 has profoundly changed our lives, causing tremendous human suffering and challenging the most basic foundations of societal well-being. Beyond the immediate impacts on health, jobs and incomes, the epidemic is increasing people’s anxiety and worry, affecting their social relations, their trust in other people and in institutions, their personal security and sense of belonging. The short and medium-term impacts of COVID-19 will be particularly severe for the most disadvantaged and risk compounding existing socio-economic divides. This policy brief looks at the broad range of effects that COVID-19 will have on different aspects of people’s lives, with a focus on specific population groups such as children, women and the elderly. It calls for rapid and decisive action by governments in order to support the most vulnerable people highlighting the importance of a broad and coordinated policy response that includes strengthened social protection, education, health care, housing support and specific interventions to enhance personal security of women and children, as well as actions supporting vulnerable workers, small businesses, communities and regions left behind.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Garantizar la privacidad de datos mientras luchamos contra el COVID-19
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Garantir a privacidade de dados na luta contra a COVID-19
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Many governments are taking unprecedented measures to track, trace and contain the spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), by turning to digital technologies and advanced analytics to collect, process and share data for effective front-line responses. Policy makers, in consultation with privacy enforcement authorities, must assess the possible trade-offs in data utilisation during this crisis (reconciling the risks and benefits), but must ensure that any extraordinary measures are proportionate to the risks and are implemented with full transparency, accountability and a commitment to immediately cease or reverse exceptional uses of data when the crisis is over.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe グリーン・リカバリーのためのグリーン予算編成と租税政策ツール
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation
    Abstract: Recovery from the social and economic disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic will require concerted policy action. As countries consider recovery packages, there are opportunities to prioritise green policy choices that help promote environmental objectives and speed up structural change towards the low-carbon transition, increasing society’s resilience to future shocks and reducing future risks. This policy brief focuses on practical ways in which countries can use green budgeting and tax policy tools to implement stimulus packages that support a green recovery, and the inter-linked role of both tax and spend measures in aligning stimulus programmes with decarbonisation objectives.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe COVID-19 et travailleurs essentiels : Quel rôle jouent les immigrés dans votre région ?
    Keywords: Arbeitsmigranten ; Coronavirus ; EU-Staaten ; Europa ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: During COVID-19 lockdowns it became visible that migrants are often important in sectors that are crucial for the functioning of everyday life. Informed by this experience, this note provides an assessment of the role of foreign-born workers in essential services (referred to as migrant key workers) at regional level for 31 European countries. It examines the share of migrant key workers in regional labour markets, their importance in jobs with different skill requirements, and differences between EU and non-EU migrants. Migrants play a crucial role in health care, where 23% of doctors and 14% of nurses are foreign-born. In cities such as London or Brussels, around half of all doctors and nurses are migrants. Overall, capital regions have the highest share of migrant key workers (20%). Similarly, cities rely more on migrant key workers than other areas, especially in low-skilled occupations where migrants make up 25% of workers.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Biodiversité et réponse économique au COVID 19 : assurer une reprise verte et résiliente
    Keywords: Artenvielfalt ; Coronavirus ; Politik ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This Policy Brief focuses on the vital role of biodiversity for human life and the importance of integrating biodiversity considerations into the recovery from the COVID-19 crisis. The Brief first outlines how biodiversity loss is a key driver of emerging infectious diseases and poses a variety of other growing risks to businesses, society and the global economy. Investing in the conservation, sustainable use and restoration of biodiversity can help to address these risks, while providing jobs, business opportunities and other benefits to society. The Brief then examines how governments are factoring biodiversity into their stimulus measures and recovery plans in practice, highlighting both concerning trends and best practices. The Brief concludes with policy recommendations on how governments can better integrate biodiversity into their COVID-19 stimulus measures and broader recovery efforts.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Series Statement: 新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)へのOECD政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Youth and COVID-19: Response, recovery and resilience
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: 新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)という世界的な医療を巡る非常事態とその経済的、社会的影響は、社会のあらゆるグループの生活全般を混乱させている。 COVID-19危機は、若年層、特に弱い立場の若者に、教育、雇用、心の健康、可処分所得などの面で深刻なリスクをもたらしている。さらに、若者や将来世代はこの危機が長期にわたり経済社会に与える影響の多くを背負うことになるが、若者の暮らし良さよりも短期的な経済と公平性の問題の方が優先的に検討される可能性がある。 各国政府は、世代間の不平等の悪化を回避すると同時に、社会の危機対応能力(resilience)を構築する取り組みに若者を関与させるため、効果的なガバナンス・メカニズムを駆使することで、緩和策や回復策が様々な年齢層にもたらす影響を予測する必要がある。 本稿では、48カ国90のユース団体を対象に行った調査結果に基づき、各国政府が誰一人取り残すことのない包摂的で公正な回復策を考案するために採用できる実践的な施策を概括する。
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (5 p.)
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Ensuring data privacy as we battle COVID-19
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Garantir a privacidade de dados na luta contra a COVID-19
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Muchos gobiernos están tomando medidas nunca antes vistas para detectar, rastrear y contener la propagación del nuevo coronavirus (COVID-19), al recurrir a las tecnologías digitales y a la analítica avanzada para recabar, procesar y compartir datos a fin de ofrecer primeras líneas de respuesta eficaces.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.)
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe COVID-19: Protecting people and societies
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Los impactos de COVID-19 en el corto y el mediano plazos serán especialmente serios para los más desfavorecidos y plantean el riesgo de agravar las divisiones socioeconómicas actuales. En esta nota sobre políticas se analiza la amplia gama de efectos que COVID-19 causará en diferentes aspectos de la vida de las personas, haciendo hincapié en grupos de población específicos como niños, mujeres y ancianos. Aquí se convoca a la acción rápida y decisiva de los gobiernos para apoyar a los seres humanos más vulnerables, y se destaca la importancia de brindar una respuesta política amplia y coordinada que incluya el reforzamiento de la protección social, la educación, la atención de la salud, el apoyo a la vivienda e intervenciones concretas para mejorar la seguridad personal de las mujeres y los niños, así como acciones de apoyo a trabajadores vulnerables, pequeñas empresas, comunidades y regiones rezagadas.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Making the green recovery work for jobs, income and growth
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Cette synthèse s’intéresse à la manière dont les pays peuvent tirer parti de la pandémie de COVID-19 pour mettre en œuvre une reprise économique à la fois verte et inclusive. Une relance verte renforcerait sensiblement la résilience de nos économies et de nos sociétés face à la forte récession et aux enjeux environnementaux en pleine expansion. Ce document dresse également un premier bilan des politiques de relance annoncées dans les pays membres de l’OCDE et dans les pays partenaires clés. Beaucoup de pays concentrent leurs mesures sur la durabilité environnementale tout en promouvant l’emploi, les revenus et la croissance, cependant d’autres pays proposent des mesures en faveur d’activités nocives pour l’environnement. Mesurer et évaluer dans le temps l’incidence sur l’environnement des politiques de relance est essentiel. Un jeu d’indicateurs couvrant l’ensemble des dimensions critiques pour l’environnement est donc proposé à cette fin.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Respuestas políticas de las ciudades al COVID-19
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 新型コロナウィルス(COVID-19)への都市の政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cities policy responses
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Políticas de reposta das cidades
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Cette mise à jour de la version publiée le 27 mars dernier étoffe les exemples de mesures prises par les villes pour faire face à la pandémie de COVID-19, et propose une analyse des problématiques liées à l’impact économique, la densité, la résilience et la collaboration avec les administrations nationales. Cette note contient également de nouvelles informations sur les mesures de déconfinement progressif appliquées par les villes, et sur les enseignements tirés en termes de densité, de mobilité et de transformation numérique. Enfin, elle propose des orientations sur les actions à mettre en œuvre pour construire des villes meilleures, en s’appuyant sur les travaux menés antérieurement sur la résilience urbaine.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.)
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L’Impact territorial du Covid-19 : Gérer la crise entre niveaux de gouvernement
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The territorial impact of COVID-19: Managing the crisis across levels of government
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Este documento se centra en la cuestión territorial de la crisis COVID-19 y la importancia de que todos los niveles de gobierno provean una respuesta integrada y coordinada.
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  • 32
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe What have platforms done to protect workers during the coronavirus (COVID 19) crisis?
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: La pandémie du COVID‑19 pose deux risques majeurs pour les travailleurs des plateformes : l’exposition au virus et la perte de revenu. Ces risques sont aggravés par un accès généralement moindre aux prestations par rapport aux individus occupant un emploi classique. La présente note examine les mesures prises par les entreprises des plateformes pour protéger la santé et les revenus des travailleurs qui les ont utilisées pendant la pandémie, et rend compte des points de vue des travailleurs des plateformes sur le caractère satisfaisant de ces mesures.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.)
    Series Statement: Antworten der OECD auf das Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe El COVID-19 y la conducta empresarial responsable
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe COVID-19 and responsible business conduct
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Dieses Papier des OECD Centre for Responsible Business Conduct gibt einen Überblick über die Herausforderungen der COVID-19-Krise für das unternehmerische Handeln und skizziert erste Reaktionen staatlicher Stellen und Unternehmen. Es beschreibt, inwiefern verantwortungs­volles unternehmerisches Handeln zur Bewältigung der Krise beitragen kann und stellt die möglichen kurz- und langfristigen Vorteile eines solchen Vorgehens heraus.
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  • 34
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.251
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Austria
    Abstract: While income inequality in Austria is relatively low compared to many other OECD countries, social mobility lags behind. Socio-economic outcomes carry over strongly from one generation to the next: more than elsewhere, fathers’ earnings are a strong predictor of the earnings of their prime-age children. This reflects strong persistence across generations in occupational and educational outcomes, particularly for women and migrants. Relative income positions also tend to strongly persist over people’s lives, in particular at the top and bottom. Meanwhile, the middle-income group is polarising, with downward risks rising for the lower middle. Longer-term earnings trajectories (over 15 years) display marked gender differences, with women facing weaker chances of moving up and greater risks of sliding down. This paper identifies policies that promote or hamper social mobility in four domains. First, good-quality early childhood education and care can be a catalyst for upward mobility. Participation rates have significantly risen over the last decade, but still lag those in many OECD countries. Further investment is needed to improve quality and status of formal childcare. Second, tackling low educational mobility in Austria requires ensuring a successful school-to-work transition. Austria provides targeted support for those who struggle, but it could improve funding for disadvantaged schools and consider the appropriateness of "tracking" students at such a young age. Third, reducing gender inequality in the labour market would greatly improve social mobility. This requires raising incentives for a more equal sharing of family and work responsibilities in the areas of tax policy, parental leave and family and care benefits. Fourth, the Austrian tax and benefit system provides comparatively adequate protection against income shocks. The high concentration of household wealth, combined with the absence of inheritance taxation, however implies that inequalities of opportunity remain large.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Reconstruire le tourisme de demain : réponses des pouvoirs publics au COVID-19 et reprise
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Tourismuswirtschaft ; Tourismuspolitik ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The outlook for the tourism sector remains highly uncertain. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic continues to hit hard, with international tourism expected to decrease by around 80% in 2020. Domestic tourism is helping to soften the blow, at least partially, and governments have taken impressive immediate action to restore and re-activate the sector, while protecting jobs and businesses. Many countries are also now developing measures to build a more resilient tourism economy post COVID-19. These include preparing plans to support the sustainable recovery of tourism, promoting the digital transition and move to a greener tourism system, and rethinking tourism for the future. Rebuilding tourism for the future.
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  • 36
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Apoio às pessoas e empresas para lidar com o vírus COVID-19: opções de respostas imediatas para o emprego e as políticas sociais
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Apoyar a las personas y las empresas para combatir el COVID-19: opciones para una respuesta inmediata en materia de empleo y política social
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The unfolding COVID-19 crisis is challenging people, households and firms in unprecedented ways. Many affected countries introduced or announced bold measures over the last days and weeks, often with a focus on supporting the most vulnerable who are bearing a disproportionate share of the burden. This note, and the accompanying policy table, contributes to evidence-sharing on the role and effectiveness of various policy tools.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Series Statement: As políticas públicas da OCDE para responder ao coronavírus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Supporting the financial resilience of citizens throughout the COVID-19 crisis
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Soutenir la résilience financière des citoyens pendant la crise du COVID-19
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: A pandemia da COVID-19 tem amplas implicações no tecido socioeconômico de todo o mundo. Esse cenário pode resultar em perda de renda, problemas para pagar as contas e para o cumprimento de outras obrigações financeiras, além do risco de se tornarem vítimas de golpes e fraudes. Formuladores de políticas públicas em todo o mundo precisam aumentar a consciência dos cidadãos sobre meios efetivos de mitigar o impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 e suas potenciais consequências de longo prazo no bem-estar e resiliência financeira da população.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les dispositifs de maintien dans l’emploi pendant la période de confinement de la crise du COVID-19 et au-delà
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Job retention (JR) schemes have been one of the main policy tools used by a number of OECD countries to contain the employment and social fallout of the COVID-19 crisis. By May 2020, JR schemes supported about 50 million jobs across the OECD, about ten times as many as during the global financial crisis of 2008-09. By reducing labour costs, JR schemes have prevented a surge in unemployment, while they have mitigated financial hardship and buttressed aggregate demand by supporting the incomes of workers on reduced working time. Looking forward, governments need to be vigilant to ensure that JR schemes are not downscaled too quickly, and allow viable jobs to be destroyed, or too slowly, and become an obstacle to the economic recovery. When the health and economic situation improves, JR support needs to be better targeted to jobs that are viable but at risk of being terminated and place a greater focus on supporting workers at risk of becoming unemployed rather than their jobs.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (94 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Impacto territorial de la COVID-19: gestionar la crisis en todos los niveles de gobierno
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L’Impact territorial du Covid-19 : Gérer la crise entre niveaux de gouvernement
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: COVID-19 has governments at all levels operating in a context of radical uncertainty. The regional and local impact of the COVID-19 crisis is highly heterogeneous, with significant implications for crisis management and policy responses. This paper takes an in-depth look at the territorial impact of the COVID-19 crisis in its different dimensions: health, economic, social and fiscal. It provides examples of responses by national and subnational governments to help mitigate the territorial effects of the crisis, and offers ten takeaways on managing COVID-19’s territorial impact. Finally, the paper offers a forward looking perspective to discuss the crisis’ implications for multi-level governance as well as points for policy-makers to consider as they build more resilient regions.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Series Statement: As políticas públicas da OCDE para responder ao coronavírus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe A framework to guide an education response to the COVID-19 Pandemic of 2020
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Un marco para orientar la respuesta en materia de educación a la pandemia de COVID-19 de 2020
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Este relatório tem por objetivo apoiar a tomada de decisões educacionais para desenvolver e implementar respostas efetivas de educação para a Pandemia da COVID-19. O relatório explica por que as necessárias medidas de isolamento social causarão uma disrupção na educação escolar por vários meses, na maioria dos países do mundo. Na ausência de uma estratégia intencional e eficaz para proteger as oportunidades para aprender durante este período, esta interrupção causará graves perdas de aprendizado para os alunos. O relatório propõe que os líderes dos sistemas e organizações educacionais desenvolvam planos para a continuidade da educação por meio de modalidades alternativas, durante o período de isolamento social necessário. Também oferece um quadro de áreas a serem cobertas por tais planos. Com base em uma rápida avaliação das necessidades educacionais e respostas que surgiram em noventa e oito países, o relatório identifica as necessidades cruciais que devam ser abordadas nesses planos, assim como as áreas passíveis de enfrentar maiores problemas de implementação. Examina também as respostas educativas de vários países à crise. Com base em uma análise dos dados da mais recente aplicação do PISA, o relatório também descreve os desafios enfrentados por vários sistemas educacionais para depender da educação online como uma modalidade alternativa.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gérer les migrations internationales dans le contexte du COVID-19
    Keywords: Migrationspolitik ; Internationale Migration ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Coronavirus ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This brief assesses migration policy reactions by OECD countries in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It reviews the introduction and development of short-term policy responses from March to early June and identifies some of the possible forthcoming medium and longer-term challenges to migration management arising from this global health crisis.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.)
    Series Statement: As políticas públicas da OCDE para responder ao coronavírus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Testing for COVID-19: A way to lift confinement restrictions
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe COVID-19検査:外出制限措置を解除するために
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Realizar pruebas para la detección de la COVID-19: Una forma de levantar las restricciones de confinamiento
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Esse resumo de políticas discute o papel da testagem para COVID-19 como parte de qualquer plano para a suspensão do confinamento e para preparar para uma possível nova onda de infecções virais. O documento discute quais testes podem ser usados para cada objetivo, assim como problemas para a implementação prática de estratégias de testagem, incluindo as oportunidades e riscos do uso de ferramentas digitais nesse contexto.
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  • 43
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe A framework to guide an education response to the COVID-19 Pandemic of 2020
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Um roteiro para guiar a resposta educacional à Pandemia da COVID-19 de 2020
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: El objetivo de este informe es reforzar la toma de decisiones en el área de la educación, para así desarrollar y poner en marcha respuestas educativas eficaces a la pandemia de COVID-19. En él se explica por qué las medidas de aislamiento social necesarias interrumpirán durante varios meses la educación presencial en la mayoría de los países del mundo. De no establecerse una estrategia deliberada y eficaz para proteger las oportunidades de aprendizaje durante dicho periodo, la interrupción mencionada provocará graves pérdidas para los estudiantes en términos de aprendizaje.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (27 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The brief explains what containment and mitigation measures are, why there is a need to adopt a package of measures to enhance their overall impact, and then presents evidence on the relative effectiveness of each main measure, drawing from previous episodes of epidemic outbursts, largely to inform on a possible exit strategy once the virus is under control.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 若者と新型コロナウイルス感染症: 対策、復興と危機対応能力
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The COVID-19 global health emergency and its economic and social impacts have disrupted nearly all aspects of life for all groups in society. People of different ages, however, are experiencing its effects in different ways. Based on survey findings from 90 youth organisations from 48 countries, this policy brief outlines practical measures governments can take to design inclusive and fair recovery measures that leave no one behind.
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  • 46
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.252
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Czech Republic ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Italy ; Korea, Republic of ; Slovak Republic ; Spain ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Social protection systems use a range of entitlement criteria. First-tier support typically requires contributions or past employment in many countries, while safety net benefits are granted on the basis of need. In a context of volatile and uncertain labour markets, careful and continuous monitoring of the effectiveness of income support is a key input into an evidence-based policy process. This paper proposes a novel empirical method for monitoring the accessibility and levels of safety net benefits. It focusses on minimum-income benefits (MIB) and other non-contributory transfers and relies on data on the amounts of cash support that individuals in need receive in practice. Results show that accessibility and benefit levels differ enormously across countries – for instance, in 2015/16, more than four out of five low-income workless one-person households received MIB in Australia, France and the United Kingdom, compared to only one in five in Greece, Italy and Korea, three countries that have since sought to strengthen aspects of safety-net provisions.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.)
    Series Statement: 新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)へのOECD政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Testing for COVID-19: A way to lift confinement restrictions
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Testando para a COVID-19: Uma maneira de flexibilizar as restrições do confinamento
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Realizar pruebas para la detección de la COVID-19: Una forma de levantar las restricciones de confinamiento
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: この報告書では、外出制限措置を解除しウイルス感染の第二波に備えるための改革の一環としてのCOVID-19検査の役割について論じている。ワクチンまたは有効な治療法が開発される前に新規の感染を抑える措置を何も採らずにすべての外出制限措置が解除されると、感染率は再び急上昇すると予測されている
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe コロナウイルス危機下の生活支援:セーフティネットの不足を補う
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This policy brief discusses the measures countries have taken to support the livelihoods of those who cannot access unemployment benefits or short-term work schemes. It examines the raft of new programmes introduced across the OECD and beyond, including means-tested assistance, new cash transfer schemes, and direct support for those struggling to meet their expenses. It also discusses how to close social protection gaps beyond the crisis to ensure inclusive growth post-COVID-19.
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  • 49
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Series Statement: As políticas públicas da OCDE para responder ao coronavírus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Apoyar a las personas y las empresas para combatir el COVID-19: opciones para una respuesta inmediata en materia de empleo y política social
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Supporting people and companies to deal with the COVID-19 virus: Options for an immediate employment and social-policy response
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: O avanço da COVID-19 impõe desafios sem precedentes para pessoas, famílias e empresas. A contenção da pandemia e proteção das pessoas é a principal prioridade. Não obstante, cadeias de suprimentos interrompidas, medidas de contenção que limitam as interações econômicas e sociais e a queda da demanda, colocam em risco o emprego e os meios de subsistência das pessoas. Faz-se mister responder à crise com políticas sociais e de estímulo ao emprego. Reduzir a exposição dos trabalhadores à COVID-19 no local de trabalho e garantir o acesso a auxílio de renda para trabalhadores doentes e em quarentena é essencial. Pais que trabalham precisam de ajuda para lidar com necessidades de cuidado imprevistas diante do o fechamento de escolas e da particular vulnerabilidade de parentes idosos. Regimes de trabalho em horário reduzido podem ajudar a proteger os empregos e proporcionar alívio às empresas em dificuldades, conforme evidenciado durante a última crise financeira e econômica. Os trabalhadores que perdem seus empregos e fontes de renda, incluindo aqueles em modalidades de trabalho informal, precisam de auxilio à rendimento. Como as empresas sofrem uma queda acentuada na demanda, o rápido apoio financeiro por meio de doações ou créditos pode ajudá-las a suprir as lacunas de liquidez. Muitos países afetados introduziram ou anunciaram medidas ambiciosas nos últimos dias e semanas, muitas vezes com foco no apoio aos mais vulneráveis, que foram incumbidos com uma parcela desproporcional do ônus. Esta nota e a tabela de políticas anexa contribuem para o compartilhamento de evidências sobre o papel e a eficácia de várias ferramentas de políticas.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)のパンデミックが移民とその子どもたちに与える影響
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Both the experience from previous economic crises and first indications on labour market and social outcomes during the current pandemic suggest that the COVID‑19 crisis is likely to have a disproportionate impact on immigrants and their children. This policy brief provides first evidence on how the pandemic has affected immigrants and their children in terms of health, jobs, education, language training and other integration measures, and public opinion, and describes host countries’ policy responses. It complements a previous brief on the impact of the pandemic on migration management.
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  • 51
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: This policy brief focuses on how to ensure that a gender lens is well-integrated through response, recovery, and prevention efforts to COVID-19 in development co-operation. In the context of COVID-19, how can OECD countries and other development providers improve the quality of their policies and practices for gender equality, as well as raise investments in gender equality in key sectors? Development partners will need to identify challenges and areas of risk brought about by the pandemic, as well as integrate concerns for gender equality into decision making around issues ranging from economic stimulus packages to redoubling financing and improving policies and practices across a range of sectors. This approach also implies ensuring women’s representation in leadership and decision making at every level when responding to the COVID-19 crisis. This policy brief provides some arguments for why a gender-responsive recovery to COVID-19 is essential for sustainable and inclusive growth, and initial guidance for making improvements in the area of gender equality and development.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 若者と新型コロナウイルス感染症: 対策、復興と危機対応能力
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Youth and COVID-19: Response, recovery and resilience
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les jeunes et le COVID-19 : Réponses, relance et résilience
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Governance
    Abstract: La situación de emergencia sanitaria global generada por el virus COVID-19, así como sus consecuencias económicas y sociales, han provocado disrupciones en casi todos los aspectos de la vida de todos los grupos sociales. Sin embargo, cada parte de la población se ha enfrentado a los efectos de esta de manera diferente dependiendo del grupo de edad al cual pertenece. Para los jóvenes, y en particular aquellos más vulnerables, la crisis provocada por el COVID-19 presenta riesgos considerables en las áreas de educación, empleo, salud mental e ingresos disponibles. Además, mientras que los jóvenes y generaciones venideras asumirán la mayoría de las consecuencias económicas y sociales de la crisis a largo plazo, su bienestar podría verse afectado por consideraciones de orden económico o de equidad a corto plazo. A fin de evitar exacerbar las desigualdades entre generaciones, y para involucrar a los jóvenes en generar más resiliencia social, los gobiernos deberán anticipar el impacto que las medidas de mitigación y recuperación de la crisis tendrán sobre los diferentes grupos de edad, a través de la aplicación de mecanismos de gobernanza eficaces. Basado en los hallazgos de una encuesta realizada a 90 organizaciones juveniles en 48 países, este documento describe un número de iniciativas concretas que los gobiernos puedan emplear para conceptualizar políticas de recuperación inclusivas y equitativas que sean justas para todos..
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789264494466 , 9789264819993 , 9789264803800
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Competitiveness and Private Sector Development
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe تغيير القوانين وكسر الحواجز من أجل تحقيق التمكين الاقتصادي للمرأة في مصر والأردن والمغرب وتونس
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Changer les lois et éliminer les obstacles à l’autonomisation économique des femmes : Égypte, Jordanie, Maroc et Tunisie
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Changing laws and breaking barriers for women's economic empowerment in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia
    Keywords: Frauenpolitik ; Ägypten ; Jordanien ; Marokko ; Tunesien ; MENA-Staaten ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Egypt ; Jordan ; Morocco ; Tunisia
    Abstract: At a moment when many countries of the MENA region are looking to accelerate economic growth and build more stable, open societies, this report argues that greater women’s economic empowerment holds one of the keys. It asserts that despite challenges some countries are facing in guaranteeing women equal access to economic opportunity, progress is underway and can be further nurtured through targeted, inclusive and coordinated policy actions. Building on the conclusions of a first monitoring report released in 2017, the report analyses recent legislative, policy and institutional reforms in support of women’s economic empowerment in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia and seeks to identify success factors that have helped anchor reform. Moreover, it delivers actionable examples and practical tools for policy makers to help them transform policies into effective actions for women’s economic empowerment.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264758490 , 9789264426726 , 9789264457119
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Behavioural insights and organisations
    Keywords: Energy ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Canada ; Ireland ; Mexico ; Oman
    Abstract: Behavioural insights (BI) has become widely used by public bodies around the world, mostly towards improving the way policies are implemented and influencing individual behaviour. As the field of BI evolves to tackle more complex policy issues, there is widespread perception that BI can and should go beyond the study of individual-level decision processes for higher impact. This report presents research on applying BI to changing the behaviour of organisations, with a focus on fostering elements of a safety culture in the energy sector. It presents comparative findings from experiments with energy regulators in Canada, Ireland, Mexico and Oman, as well as guidance for applying BI to safety culture going forward.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264632844 , 9789264547094 , 9789264494039
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Health at a Glance: Latin America and the Caribbean 2020
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Antigua and Barbuda ; Argentina ; Bahamas ; Barbados ; Belize ; Bolivia ; Brazil ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Cuba ; Dominica ; Dominican Republic ; Ecuador ; El Salvador ; Grenada ; Guatemala ; Guyana ; Haiti ; Honduras ; Jamaica ; Mexico ; Nicaragua ; Panama ; Paraguay ; Saint Kitts and Nevis ; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ; Suriname ; Trinidad and Tobago ; Uruguay ; Venezuela
    Abstract: Panorama de la Salud: Latinoamérica y el Caribe 2020 presenta indicadores clave sobre la salud y los sistemas de salud en 33 países de Latinoamérica y el Caribe. Esta primera edición del Panorama de la Salud sobre Latinoamérica y el Caribe fue preparada en conjunto por la OCDE y el Banco Mundial. Los análisis se basan en los datos comparables más recientes de alrededor de 100 indicadores sobre equidad, situación de salud, determinantes de la salud, recursos y actividades, gasto y financiación, y calidad en la atención de salud. El editorial discute los principales desafíos para la región en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19, incluyendo tanto el manejo de la epidemia como la movilización y el uso eficiente de recursos para asegurar una respuesta efectiva. El capítulo inicial, que resume el desempeño comparativo de los países antes de la crisis actual, está seguido por un capítulo especial sobre el malgasto en los sistemas de salud que redunda en acciones inefectivas o no mejora resultados, con el fin de redirigir esos recursos a otras áreas donde son altamente necesarios.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264630710 , 9789264780217 , 9789264411494
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (450 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Higher Education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Labour market relevance and outcomes of higher education in four US States
    Keywords: Washington (Staat) ; Studium ; Bildungsertrag ; Ohio ; Texas ; Virginia ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United States ; Ohio ; Texas ; Virginia ; Washington ; Studium ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: Across OECD countries, higher education graduates enjoy higher employment rates and earnings than workers with only an upper secondary qualification. However, not all graduates find jobs that make full use of their skills and help them launch rewarding careers, and employers in some economic sectors point to a lack of qualified graduates. Policy makers are concerned about the current alignment of higher education systems to labour markets, and are increasingly uneasy about the future of work and the resilience of higher education systems in uncertain economic times. This report, which focuses on four US states – Ohio, Texas, Virginia and Washington – is the third of a series of country-specific reviews conducted as part of the OECD project on the labour market relevance and outcomes of higher education. The report offers a comprehensive review of graduate outcomes and policies supporting alignment between higher education and the labour market in the four participating states in 2018-19, an overview of the US labour market and higher education context, and a range of policy examples from across OECD jurisdictions to help improve the alignment of higher education and the labour market.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9789264884847
    Language: Arabic
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (258 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Changer les lois et éliminer les obstacles à l’autonomisation économique des femmes : Égypte, Jordanie, Maroc et Tunisie
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Changing Laws and Breaking Barriers for Women’s Economic Empowerment in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Egypt ; Jordan ; Morocco ; Tunisia
    Abstract: في الوقت الذي تتطلع فيه العديد من بلدان منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال إفريقيا إلى تسريع وتيرة النمو الاقتصادي وبناء مجتمعات أكثر استقرارًا وانفتاحًا، يشير هذا التقرير إلى أن المزيد من التمكين الاقتصادي للمرأة هو أحد المفاتيح لتحقيق ذلك. كما يؤكد أنه على الرغم من التحديات التي تواجه بعض البلدان لضمان المساواة للمرأة في الوصول إلى الفرص الاقتصادية، فإن التقدم يحدث حاليًا ويمكن تعزيزه بشكل أكبر من خلال تدابير سياساتية موجهة ومنسقة وشاملة للجميع. وبالبناء على استنتاجات تقرير رصد أول صدر في عام 2017، يحلل هذا التقرير الإصلاحات التشريعية والسياساتية والمؤسسية التي أجريت مؤخرًا لدعم التمكين الاقتصادي للمرأة في مصر والأردن والمغرب وتونس، كما يسعى إلى تحديد عوامل النجاح التي ساعدت على ترسيخ الإصلاح. وعلاوة على ذلك، يقدم التقرير أمثلة لتدابير قابلة للتنفيذ وأدوات عملية لمساعدة صانعي السياسات على تحويل السياسات إلى إجراءات وتدابير فعالة من أجل تحقيق التمكين الاقتصادي للمرأة.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264835245 , 9789264679702 , 9789264779716
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Panorama de la Salud: Latinoamérica y el Caribe 2020
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Antigua and Barbuda ; Argentina ; Bahamas ; Barbados ; Belize ; Bolivia ; Brazil ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Cuba ; Dominica ; Dominican Republic ; Ecuador ; El Salvador ; Grenada ; Guatemala ; Guyana ; Haiti ; Honduras ; Jamaica ; Mexico ; Nicaragua ; Panama ; Paraguay ; Saint Kitts and Nevis ; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ; Suriname ; Trinidad and Tobago ; Uruguay ; Venezuela
    Abstract: Health at a Glance: Latin America and the Caribbean 2020 presents key indicators on health and health systems in 33 Latin America and the Caribbean countries. This first Health at a Glance publication to cover the Latin America and the Caribbean region was prepared jointly by OECD and the World Bank. Analysis is based on the latest comparable data across almost 100 indicators including equity, health status, determinants of health, health care resources and utilisation, health expenditure and financing, and quality of care. The editorial discusses the main challenges for the region brought by the COVID-19 pandemic, such as managing the outbreak as well as mobilising adequate resources and using them efficiently to ensure an effective response to the epidemic. An initial chapter summarises the comparative performance of countries before the crisis, followed by a special chapter about addressing wasteful health spending that is either ineffective or does not lead to improvement in health outcomes so that to direct saved resources where they are urgently needed.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264844803 , 9789264547254 , 9789264933378
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (234 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Social Institutions and Gender Index
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als SIGI 2020 Regional Report for Latin America and the Caribbean
    Keywords: Sozialer Indikator ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Soziale Norm ; Institutionenökonomik ; Eurasien ; Lateinamerika ; Karibischer Raum ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Antigua and Barbuda ; Argentina ; Bahamas ; Barbados ; Belize ; Bolivia ; Brazil ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Cuba ; Dominica ; Dominican Republic ; Ecuador ; El Salvador ; Grenada ; Guatemala ; Guyana ; Haiti ; Honduras ; Jamaica ; Mexico ; Nicaragua ; Panama ; Paraguay ; Peru ; Trinidad and Tobago ; Uruguay ; Venezuela ; Karibik ; Lateinamerika ; Frauenfeindlichkeit ; Soziale Norm ; Sozialer Indikator ; Geschichte 2014-2019
    Abstract: Gender equality and women’s empowerment can only be achieved if countries take action to tackle and eliminate discrimination in their legal frameworks, social norms and practices. The SIGI 2020 Regional Report for Latin America and the Caribbean provides new evidence-based analysis on the setbacks and progress in achieving gender equality between 2014 and 2019. The report uncovers discrimination in social institutions faced by Latin American and Caribbean women in various dimensions; within the family and household context, in relation to physical integrity and access to productive and financial resources, as well within the political and civil spheres. It also explores various development perspectives such as the cost of discriminatory social institutions for Latin American and Caribbean countries and the socio-economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for women and girls. Building on the regional and sub-regional analysis of how discriminatory social institutions continue to hinder efforts toward SDG 5, the report provides a set of policy recommendations to reshape gender norms, promote women’s empowerment and build a truly inclusive society.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264523180 , 9789264511026 , 9789264809437
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hors d’atteinte ? La route vers l’intégration des personnes LGBTI
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Over the rainbow?
    Keywords: Homosexualität ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Soziale Integration ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Ensuring that LGBTI people – i.e. lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, transgender and intersex individuals – can live as who they are without being discriminated against or attacked is a concern worldwide. Discrimination against LGBTI people remains pervasive, while its cost is massive. It lowers investment in human capital due to bullying at school. It also reduces economic output by excluding LGBTI talents from the labour market and impairing their mental health, hence their productivity. This report provides a comprehensive overview of the extent to which laws in OECD countries ensure equal treatment of LGBTI people, and of the complementary policies that could help foster LGBTI inclusion. The report first identifies the legislative and regulatory frameworks in the areas of civil rights, protection against discrimination and violence, as well as health that are critical for the inclusion of sexual and gender minorities. The report then explores whether these laws are in force in OECD countries and examines the margin for further improvement. Finally, the report investigates the broader policy measures that should accompany LGBTI-inclusive laws in order to strengthen the inclusion of LGBTI people.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264746459 , 9789264933903 , 9789264561625
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (201 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Realising the potential of primary health care
    Keywords: Basisgesundheitsversorgung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Primäre Gesundheitsversorgung
    Abstract: The rapid spread of COVID-19 added urgency to the need to address long-standing pressures on health systems, linked to growing citizens’ expectations, population ageing and more complex and costly health care needs. As the first point of contact, primary health care that provides comprehensive, continuous, and co-ordinated care is key to boosting preventive care, treating those who need care, and helping people become more active in managing their own health. It has the potential to improve health system efficiency and health outcomes for people across socio-economic levels, and make health systems people-centred. This report examines primary health care across OECD countries before the COVID-19 pandemic, and draws attention to how primary health care is not living up to its full potential. Doing things differently – through new models of organising services, better co-ordination among providers, better use of digital technology, and better use of resources and incentives – helps to improve care, reduce the need for hospitalisations, and mitigate health inequalities. This report identifies key policy challenges that OECD countries need to address to realise the full potential of primary health care, and reviews progress and innovations towards transforming primary health care.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.)
    Series Statement: Notes ouest-africaines no.28
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Benin ; Burkina Faso ; Cape Verde ; Chad ; Cote d'Ivoire ; Gambia ; Ghana ; Guinea ; Guinea-Bissau ; Liberia ; Mali ; Mauritania ; Niger ; Nigeria ; Senegal ; Sierra Leone ; Togo
    Abstract: L’objectif de cette note est d’analyser l’évolution temporelle et spatiale des violences impliquant les femmes en Afrique de l’Ouest au cours des 20 dernières années. Une première partie montre que le nombre de victimes civiles des conflits ouest-africains dépasse désormais celui attribué aux batailles entre le gouvernement et les groupes armés. Le contrôle de la population civile est désormais devenu l’un des enjeux majeurs des insurrections de la région. Cette évolution conduit à une augmentation des violences faites aux femmes, qui sont souvent les premières victimes des luttes identitaires. Une seconde partie montre que les femmes participent également aux actes de violence, notamment par le biais des attentats-suicides dans le bassin du lac Tchad. Ce phénomène est cependant en forte diminution du fait de la perte de contrôle territorial de Boko Haram depuis le milieu des années 2010. En conclusion, la note souligne la nécessité de mettre en œuvre des stratégies contre-insurrectionnelles qui visent primordialement à protéger les populations, notamment les femmes.
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2020/10
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper explores and classifies some of the most common policy options adopted by national, regional and local policy makers in the context of or prior to the COVID-19 pandemic to enable, encourage and make the most of teleworking. It also considers efforts to foster the attraction and retention of remote workers and entrepreneurs in particular places. The current crisis represents, among other things, a mass experiment in teleworking, unprecedented in size and scope. A shift towards large-scale, long-lasting teleworking would have profound implications for the geography of local employment. However, SMEs may be less equipped than larger firms to face this change. Public policy can play an important role in turning teleworking into an opportunity for all, to minimise the potential of widening pre-existing disparities between people, places and firms.
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.120
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Safety governance refers to the approaches taken to minimise the risk for patient harm across an entity or system. It typically comprises steering and rule-making functions such as policies, regulations and standards. To date, governance has focused on the clinical level and the hospital setting, with limited oversight and control over safety in other parts of the health system. All 25 countries that responded to a 2019 OECD Survey of Patient Safety Governance have enacted legislation that aims to promote patient safety. These practices include external accreditation and inspections of safety processes and outcomes. Safety governance models are also moving away from punishment and shaming towards increased trust and openness. Learning from success as well as failures represents a paradigm shift in safety governance, an approach that has been increasingly adopted in OECD countries.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264383715
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (165 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Raising the basic skills of workers in England, United Kingdom
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Weiterbildung ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; Ungelernte Arbeitskräfte ; Großbritannien ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This report provides examples and recommendations to help overcome obstacles to engage low-skilled workers and their employers in skills development. England has implemented impressive measures aimed at helping workers and employers to upskill. Nonetheless, there remains room for improvement. More can be done to identify workers with low basic skills, raise awareness of why improving those skills is important, increase the accessibility to relevant courses, ensure these courses are flexible enough to accommodate adult learners who are already employed, and finally make the provision relevant to career aspirations. This report urges England to establish and promote a vision for raising the skills of low-skilled workers, identify their needs more systematically, and provide targeted guidance and information to them and their employers. It highlights that accessible and flexible adult learning opportunities in the workplace, home, community and by other means such as online and distance learning can better meet the varied needs of low-skilled workers. It also makes the case for the use of contextualised learning approaches, which create connections between basic skills and vocational context, and a more effective use of basic skills in workplaces to maintain, develop and realise the benefits of prior skills investments.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Dépistage du COVID-19 : Comment utiliser au mieux les différents tests ?
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Even with promising recent news on vaccine development, testing, tracking, tracing and isolating (TTTI) quickly and on a large scale continue to be essential to public health policy responses to the COVID‑19 pandemic. This note provides an update to an earlier OECD brief on such strategies in the light of recent developments in testing technologies. Molecular tests, and in particular RT-PCR, remain the reference for identifying infections because these tests are very reliable. But capacity constraints and the relatively high cost of RT-PCR limit its use on a massive scale. More recently-developed rapid antigen tests offer the advantage of producing results much more quickly. They are also cheaper, simple to use, and can be performed at point-of-care, thus allowing their use on a very large scale. However, they are less reliable than molecular tests. To achieve their objectives, testing strategies can combine different technologies and use them in complementary ways, taking into account their respective strengths and limitations.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Contribution des médecins et des infirmiers migrants à la lutte contre la crise du COVID-19 dans les pays de l’OCDE
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Pflegeberufe ; Ärzte ; Arbeitsmigranten ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This brief focuses on the contribution of migrant doctors and nurses to OECD health systems and how OECD countries have adapted the recognition of foreign credentials to mobilise additional doctors and nurses with foreign degrees in response to COVID-19. It also highlights the potential impact on countries of origin, some of which were already facing severe shortages of skilled health workers before the COVID-19 pandemic, and the need for a global response to the global health worker shortage.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Apoiando a resiliência financeira dos cidadãos durante a crise da COVID-19
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has wide implications for the socio-economic fabric worldwide. In addition to health fears, citizens are facing a host of financial uncertainties stemming from the temporary closure of businesses, schools, public facilities and quarantines, as well as instability in the stock market and retirement income uncertainties. These can result in lost income, trouble paying bills, and meeting other financial obligations, as well as the risk of falling victim to scams and fraud. Policy makers worldwide need to increase the awareness of citizens about effective means to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its potential long-term consequences for their financial resilience and well-being. Taking domestic contexts into account, governments could consider the following initial measures.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Finanzpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Finance ministries have been at the forefront of the response to the COVID-19 crisis, alongside other actors such as health ministries. They delivered substantial successive fiscal packages under considerable time and operational pressure, as speed was key to the success and effectiveness of government action on the economic, social and sanitary fronts. This brief provides an overview of how OECD countries’ financial management and reporting systems have coped and adapted to the demands and pressures brought about by the crisis in four main areas: 1) Funding COVID-19 spending; 2) Allocating resources to emergency policies; 3) Delivering emergency spending; 4) Enabling transparency and accountability. Finally, it draws a set of preliminary lessons to be considered by finance ministries.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Pour soutenir la lutte contre le COVID 19, une meilleure harmonisation des réglementations relatives aux essais cliniques s’impose
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This brief discusses the existing obstacles in developing international clinical trials that are critical to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. It provides information on relevant adaptations of regulatory requirements for clinical trials, intended to accelerate the processes, and highlights the need to harmonise further these regulations between national regulatory authorities. To this end, this brief describes the existing OECD Recommendation on the Governance of Clinical Trials issued in 2012 and how its implementation could greatly facilitate and streamline the registration and conduct of international clinical trials.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Mettre la relance verte au service de l’emploi, des revenus et de la croissance
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Arbeitsmarkt ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This Policy Brief focuses on how countries can create opportunities for a green and inclusive economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. A green recovery will significantly enhance the resilience of economies and societies in the face of both the severe recession and accelerating environmental challenges. The Brief also undertakes a preliminary review of announced recovery and stimulus policies in OECD and Key Partner countries. While many countries are focusing on measures that can drive sustainability while boosting jobs, income and growth, a number of countries are proposing measures that support environmentally damaging activities. Measuring and evaluating the environmental impacts of recovery policies over time is crucial, and a set of indicators, covering a broad array of critical environmental dimensions, is proposed for this purpose.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Series Statement: Antworten der OECD auf das Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guidance on the transfer pricing implications of the COVID-19 pandemic
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guide sur les conséquences de la pandémie de COVID-19 en matière de prix de transfert
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation ; Economics
    Abstract: Als Antwort auf die COVID-19-Krise haben einige Steuerverwaltungen bereits innerstaatliche Leitlinien zu bestimmten Verrechnungspreisfolgen von COVID-19 veröffentlicht. Dies ist zwar ein wichtiger erster Schritt, um Erwartungen zu formulieren, Zusammenarbeit zu ermöglichen und für mehr Steuersicherheit zu sorgen; aufgrund der zweiseitigen Natur der Verrechnungspreise kann die Steuersicherheit in diesem Bereich jedoch nur mit einem gemeinsamen Ansatz erhöht werden. Dieses Dokument soll nun erläutern, wie der in den OECD-Verrechnungspreisleitlinien verankerte Fremdvergleichsgrundsatz auf die besonderen Sachverhalte und Herausforderungen anzuwenden ist, die sich aus der COVID-19-Pandemie ergeben. Dabei stehen vier Themen im Vordergrund: i) Vergleichbarkeitsanalyse, ii) Verluste und Aufteilung der COVID-19-spezifischen Kosten, iii) staatliche Hilfsprogramme und iv) Vorabverständigungen über die Verrechnungspreise (APA). Diese Leitlinien wurden von den 137 Mitgliedern des Inclusive Framework on BEPS von OECD und G20 erarbeitet und gebilligt. Einige Mitglieder des Inclusive Framework orientieren sich zwar am United Nations Practical Manual on Transfer Pricing for Developing Countries (2017), in Fällen, in denen das VN-Handbuch ähnliche Analyse- und Lösungsansätze vorsieht wie die OECD-Verrechnungspreisleitlinien, dürften sie jedoch auch für sie hilfreich sein.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.)
    Series Statement: 新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)へのOECD政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Women at the core of the fight against COVID-19 crisis
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: コロナウイルスのパンデミックは、健康、社会的幸福、経済的豊かさを世界的に傷つけており、その被害の中心にいるのが女性である。何よりも看護にあたっているのは女性である。医療従事者のほぼ70%は女性で、彼女らは感染のリスクにより多く晒されている。
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Accroître la résilience face à la pandémie de COVID-19 : le rôle des centres de gouvernement
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Centres of government (CoGs) have played an important role in tackling the crisis caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This paper discusses the high-level institutional arrangements put in place by governments to manage policy responses to the pandemic, with a special focus on CoG’s leading or supporting role in three main dimensions: co-ordination and strategic planning, the use of evidence to inform decision-making, and communicating decisions to the public. As governments face unprecedented governance challenges, the pandemic has uncovered gaps in both government co-ordination and the use of evidence for policy making, which directly affect the nature and quality of the measures adopted to tackle the crisis and its aftermath. These challenges have led to a number of quick fixes and agile responses, which will need to be assessed when the worst of the crisis is over.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Comment communiquer efficacement sur les migrations et l’intégration dans le contexte du COVID-19 ?
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: In the context of the COVID 19 pandemic, effective communication on migration and integration has helped governments achieve crucial policy objectives: First, in order to limit the spread of the virus, governments need to provide all parts of the population, including migrants, with timely and accurate information on the pandemic, public health measures taken, as well as access to medical services. Second, in order to ensure the continuation of migration and integration processes, governments need to effectively communicate on policy changes affecting migrants’ rights and obligations. Third, communication campaigns addressing the general public can be useful to counter prejudice against migrants in relation to the spread of the virus. This Policy Brief reviews current challenges and good practices of communication on migration and integration in response to the pandemic, drawing from examples of communication campaigns implemented in OECD Member countries in 2020.
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Ölpreis ; Schock ; Öffentliche Finanzen ; Wirkungsanalyse ; OPEC-Staaten ; Entwicklungsländer ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: The double blow of coronavirus (COVID-19) and the oil price shock is hitting oil-exporting developing countries particularly hard, at a time when the fossil fuel industry is facing a process of structural decline. Although some countries might weather the current crisis on the back of sovereign wealth funds or relatively low public debt levels, this will not be the case for the majority of fragile oil-exporting countries, many of which are resource dependent and were already grappling with high levels of debt and multifaceted economic and social fragility before the present crisis. Oil-exporting developing countries have experienced an increased reliance on short-term and expensive non-concessional private borrowing in recent years, a significant proportion of which is backed by oil collateral. Some countries may find themselves entering a spiral of unsustainable borrowing on the back of the current turmoil. A timely and coherent response is needed, encompassing both concessional lenders and private financiers, to create fiscal space, reduce the risks of unsustainable debt, corruption and illicit financial flows, and catalyse a transition to a cleaner and more sustainable future
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This policy brief focuses on the immediate and medium term consequences of the COVID-19 crisis for justice systems and their users, and proposes steps that can be taken during this period to ensure access to justice for all. It draws nine key lessons from the crisis for justice systems to develop stronger people-centred practices and contribute to an inclusive economic recovery. Its associated Compendium of Country Practices gathers good practice examples from across the globe to support justice systems in maintaining service provisions even during lockdowns, protecting the most vulnerable and undertaking remarkable innovations as a result of the crisis.
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  • 78
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.34
    Keywords: Umsiedlung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: The majority of forcibly displaced people worldwide are hosted by developing countries. Alternative routes to sustainable solutions for the forcibly displaced, particularly in developing countries, are drying up, and the path towards and support for local integration and longer-term development is becoming urgent. Based on a questionnaire, this report delves into the question of how donor countries are addressing forced displacement and whether the shift towards a focus incorporating the humanitarian-development-peace nexus in addressing forced displacement is tangible. It highlights lessons learned so far and proposes recommendations on broadening the current approach to addressing forced displacement in developing economies.
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  • 79
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The potential of online learning for adults: Early lessons from the COVID-19 crisis
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: La crise du COVID‑19 a engendré une augmentation significative de l’apprentissage en ligne par les adultes. La plupart des formations qui avaient débuté en mode présentiel, dans une salle de classe, se sont poursuivies à distance. De plus, les travailleurs qui bénéficient du chômage partiel sont encouragés à mettre à profit leur temps libre en suivant de nouvelles formations. Ainsi, la crise constitue une occasion idéale pour évaluer tout ce que l’apprentissage en ligne peut apporter. Elle permet également de mettre à jour ses principales limites : la nécessité d’avoir au préalable des compétences numériques adaptées, un outil numérique et une connexion internet pour suivre une formation en ligne, la complexité de proposer un apprentissage pratique traditionnel en ligne, et les difficultés que rencontrent les enseignants habitués à la formation en classe. La présente synthèse examine comment l’apprentissage en ligne permet de proposer aux adultes de nouvelles occasions de se former et identifie certains problèmes majeurs mis en lumière par la crise. Résoudre ces difficultés pourrait contribuer à développer davantage l’apprentissage en ligne une fois la crise surmontée et à en rendre l’accès plus égalitaire.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This OECD COVID-19 policy brief, a product of the Open and Innovative Government Division (OIG) of the Public Governance Directorate of the OECD, examines how and to what extent the crisis has served as a catalyst for government transformation. It draws these observations and analysis from over 400 cases and initiatives captured in the OECD’s COVID-19 Innovative Responses Tracker. The brief explores the effect on governments of the crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, through a number of steps, drawing on several international examples of how governments have responded in innovative ways by using digital technologies, open data and citizen engagement. It makes observations of the crisis and how governments have responded, explores what those responses might mean or suggest, and, finally, looks at the implications for government transformation.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Leitlinien zu den Verrechnungspreisfolgen der COVID-19-Pandemie
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guidance on the transfer pricing implications of the COVID-19 pandemic
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation ; Economics
    Abstract: En réponse à la crise COVID-19, un certain nombre d’administrations fiscales ont déjà publié des directives nationales adressant certaines des conséquences de COVID-19 sur les prix de transfert. Bien qu’il s’agit d’une première étape importante de fournir des instructions pratiques aux attentes des contribuables, de faciliter la coopération en matière de respect des obligations fiscales et d’améliorer la sécurité juridique en matière fiscale, la nature double des prix de transfert signifie que ce n’est qu’en acceptant une approche commune que les administrations fiscales peuvent accroître la sécurité juridique en matière fiscale. Ce guide clarifie et illustre l’application pratique du principe de pleine concurrence tel qu’il est énoncé dans les Principes de l’OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert aux défis uniques et spécifiques de la pandémie de COVID-19. Ce guide se concentre sur quatre questions prioritaires : (i) l’analyse de la comparabilité; (ii) les pertes et la répartition des coûts spécifiques à la crise du COVID-19; iii) les programmes d’aide publique; et iv) les accords préalables en matière de prix de transfert (APP). Ce guide a été élaborées et approuvées par les 137 membres du Cadre inclusif sur le BEPS de l’OCDE et du G20 (Cadre inclusif). S’il est reconnu que certains pays en développement membres du Cadre inclusif peuvent également suivre le Manuel pratique des Nations Unies sur les prix de transfert pour les pays en développement (2017), ce guide sera utile dans les circonstances où le Manuel des Nations Unies suit un cadre analytique similaire et arrive à des conclusions similaires à celles des Principes de l’OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert.
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 学校閉鎖期間中のオンライン学習の拡充:新型コロナウイルス感染症危機時の生徒支援における家族と教員の役割
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The COVID-19 crisis has forced education systems worldwide to find alternatives to face-to-face instruction. As a result, online teaching and learning have been used by teachers and students on an unprecedented scale. Since lockdowns – either massive or localised - may be needed again in the future to respond to new waves of the infection until a vaccine becomes available, it is of utmost importance for governments to identify which policies can maximise the effectiveness of online learning. This policy brief examines the role of students’ attitudes towards learning in maximising the potential of online schooling when regular face-to-face instruction cannot take place. Since parents and teachers play a fundamental role in supporting students to develop these crucial attitudes, particularly in the current situation, targeted policy interventions should be designed with the aim of reducing the burden on parents and help teachers and schools make the most of digital learning.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This brief discusses the different approaches by governments during the pandemic to using regulatory management tools, including regulatory impact assessments, stakeholder engagement and ex post evaluation, and how they have ensured robust regulatory oversight when regulating through emergency procedures in response to the COVID-19 crisis. It also examines the long-term challenges for regulatory policy as we emerge from the crisis, with a clear need to improve resilience.
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  • 84
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: 新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)へのOECD政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Workforce and safety in long-term care during the COVID-19 pandemic
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: 新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)危機により長期介護(long-term care, LTC)部門が注目を集めている。高齢者とその介護従事者は、COVID-19の大流行の被害を不当に被っている。多くのOECD諸国では、感染の拡大を封じ込め、弱者への影響を緩和する対策を講じている。しかし、この医療危機によりLTC部門が以前から抱えている構造上の問題が浮き彫りになり、さらに悪化している。介護従事者の労働条件は厳しい。さらにスキルのミスマッチ、他の医療部門との連携不足、また安全基準が不適切またはその実施が不十分という問題がある。今後に向け、適切な労働条件で介護の質と安全を優先させ、妥当なレベルの訓練を受けた職員を確保するには、LTCの労働力とインフラに対する投資を増やすことが求められる。
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  • 85
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Biodiversity and the economic response to COVID-19: Ensuring a green and resilient recovery
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Cette synthèse met l’accent sur le rôle vital de la biodiversité pour la vie humaine, et sur la nécessité d’intégrer les considérations relatives à la biodiversité à la reprise au sortir de la crise du COVID‑19. Elle commence par souligner que l’appauvrissement de la biodiversité fait partie des principaux facteurs d’émergence des maladies infectieuses, et qu’il fait courir de plus en plus de risques aux entreprises, à la société et à l’économie mondiale. L’investissement dans la préservation, l’utilisation durable et la restauration de la biodiversité peut aider à faire face à ces risques, tout en créant des emplois, des opportunités commerciales et d’autres avantages pour la société. Cette synthèse indique ensuite comment les gouvernements prennent en compte la biodiversité dans leurs mesures de relance et leurs plans de redressement, en mettant en lumière les tendances et les bonnes pratiques. Pour conclure, elle présente des recommandations d’action visant à améliorer la prise en compte de la biodiversité dans les mesures de relance et les efforts de redressement plus généraux face à la crise du COVID‑19.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Sozialwirtschaft ; Coronavirus ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The “social economy” has played an important role in addressing and mitigating the short- and long-term impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on economy and society. In the short term, social economy actors have assisted the recovery from the crisis by providing innovative solutions that are aimed at strengthening public services to complement government action. In the long term, social economy organisations can help reshape the post-crisis economy by promoting inclusive and sustainable economic models. Relying on decades of experience, its specific features and underlying principles, the social economy can inspire models of social innovation and a sense of purpose to firms operating in the market economy.
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  • 87
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe How best to communicate on migration and integration in the context of COVID 19
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Dans le contexte de la pandémie de COVID-19, une stratégie de communication efficace sur les migrations et l’intégration a permis aux pays d’atteindre d’importants objectifs d’action. Premièrement, pour limiter la propagation du virus, les pouvoirs publics doivent fournir à toutes les catégories de la population, y compris aux immigrés, des informations actualisées et précises sur la pandémie, les mesures de santé publique qui sont prises et l’accès aux services médicaux. Deuxièmement, pour assurer la continuité des processus migratoires et d’intégration, les pouvoirs publics doivent communiquer efficacement sur les changements d’orientation stratégique qui concernent les droits et les obligations des immigrés. Troisièmement, des campagnes de communication à l’intention du grand public peuvent être utiles pour combattre les préjugés sur les immigrés en lien avec la propagation du virus. La présente synthèse examine les défis qui se posent aujourd'hui et les bonnes pratiques en vigueur concernant la communication sur les migrations et l’intégration dans le contexte de la pandémie, en s’appuyant sur des exemples de campagnes de communication mises en œuvre dans les pays membres de l’OCDE en 2020.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.)
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)が子供に与える影響に対処する
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Combatting COVID-19's effect on children
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: La pandemia de COVID-19 daña la salud y el bienestar social y material de los niños en todo el mundo, y los más pobres, incluidos los niños sin hogar y aquellos en centros de detención, son los más afectados. Los cierres de escuelas, el distanciamiento social y el confinamiento aumentan el riesgo de que los niños sufran desnutrición y sean expuestos a violencia doméstica, elevan su ansiedad y su estrés, y reducen su acceso a servicios familiares y de cuidado esenciales. La digitalización generalizada mitiga la pérdida en materia de educación debida al cierre de las escuelas, pero los niños más pobres tienen menos probabilidades de vivir en buenos entornos de aprendizaje en el hogar con conexión a Internet. Además, el mayor uso de Internet sin supervisión incrementó en alto grado los problemas relacionados con la explotación sexual y el ciberacoso.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Managing international migration under COVID-19
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: La présente note étudie les mesures migratoires prises par les pays de l’OCDE en réponse à la pandémie du COVID‑19. Elle examine l’adoption et la mise en œuvre de mesures de court terme entre mars et début juin et recense certains des défis que pourrait poser la gestion des migrations à moyen et à long terme en raison de la crise sanitaire mondiale.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Un marco para orientar la respuesta en materia de educación a la pandemia de COVID-19 de 2020
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Um roteiro para guiar a resposta educacional à Pandemia da COVID-19 de 2020
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report aims at supporting education decision making to develop and implement effective education responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic. The report explains why the necessary social isolation measures will disrupt school-based education for several months in most countries around the world. Absent an intentional and effective strategy to protect opportunity to learn during this period, this disruption will cause severe learning losses for students.
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  • 91
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Series Statement: 新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)へのOECD政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Aprender a distancia cuando las escuelas cierran: ¿Cuán bien están preparados los estudiantes y las escuelas? Enseñanzas de PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Learning remotely when schools close: How well are students and schools prepared? Insights from PISA
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: コロナウイルス危機により学校が次々と閉鎖される中(2020年3月末時点で140か国以上)、オンライン学習の機会の地位が教科課程外のおまけから、教育にとって必須のライフラインへと上昇している。
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (97 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les mesures adoptées par les villes face au COVID-19
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Respuestas políticas de las ciudades al COVID-19
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 新型コロナウィルス(COVID-19)への都市の政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Políticas de reposta das cidades
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: This note is an update of the earlier versions released on 27 March and 13 May. It provides analysis on issues related to the economic, social and environmental impacts, lessons learned in terms of digitalisation, mobility, density, urban design and collaborative governance, and action-oriented guidance to build back better cities, building on previous work on urban resilience.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 新型コロナウイルス感染症のパンデミック期における長期介護の労働力と安全性
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Häusliche Pflege ; Pflegeheim ; Pflegeberufe ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This paper features the long-term care sector, its workforce and infrastructure in light of the COVID-19 crisis.
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  • 94
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Apoio às pessoas e empresas para lidar com o vírus COVID-19: opções de respostas imediatas para o emprego e as políticas sociais
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Supporting people and companies to deal with the COVID-19 virus: Options for an immediate employment and social-policy response
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: La crisis del COVID-19 plantea desafíos sin precedentes para personas, hogares y empresas. En los últimos días y semanas, muchos países afectados han introducido o anunciado medidas audaces, a menudo enfocadas en el apoyo a los más vulnerables que soportan una parte desproporcionada de la carga. Esta nota y el cuadro de políticas que la acompaña contribuyen al intercambio de pruebas sobre el papel y la eficacia de diversos instrumentos de política.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This policy paper was developed by the OECD Regulatory Policy Division with inputs from behavioural practitioners and policy makers in the International COVID-19 Behavioural Insights and Policy Group. It discusses from a regulatory governance perspective why behavioural insights (BI) should be considered as part of a holistic response to the COVID-19 pandemic, what governance challenges involved in deploying BI against the pandemic, and how some countries have responded to these challenges. Reflecting on these challenges and opportunities allows governments to promote resiliency by preparing the BI field for future crises.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Testing for COVID-19: How to best use the various tests?
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Même avec les récentes nouvelles prometteuses sur le développement de vaccins, une stratégie de dépistage, suivi, traçage et isolement (PSTI) rapide et à grande échelle continue d'être essentielle dans la réponse des politiques de santé publique à la pandémie de COVID‑19. Cette note met à jour une note antérieure de l'OCDE sur ces stratégies, à la lumière des développements récents des technologies de dépistage. Les tests moléculaires, et en particulier par RT-PCR, demeurent la référence pour identifier les infections car ils sont très fiables. Mais les contraintes de capacité et le coût relativement élevé de la RT-PCR limitent son utilisation à grande échelle. Les tests antigéniques rapides, plus récents, offrent l'avantage de produire des résultats beaucoup plus rapidement. Ils sont également moins chers, plus simples à utiliser et peuvent être réalisés au point d’accès, permettant ainsi leur utilisation à très grande échelle. Cependant, ils sont moins fiables que les tests moléculaires. Pour atteindre leurs objectifs, les stratégies de dépistage peuvent combiner différentes technologies et les utiliser de manière complémentaire, en tenant compte de leurs atouts et limites respectives.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.)
    Series Statement: 新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)へのOECD政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Supporting livelihoods during the COVID-19 crisis: Closing the gaps in safety nets
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: 社会的保護の提供には、従来から不十分な部分があったが、新型コロナウイルス危機によってそれがあらわになっている。雇用者が罹患したり、労働時間が短縮されたり、失業したりした結果、有給病気休暇制度や短時間勤務制度、失業給付の適用が開始された。
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789264870413
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Keywords: Wirtschaftliche Sicherheit ; Wirtschaftliche Instabilität ; Politische Instabilität ; Soziale Stabilität ; Stabilität ; Öffentliche Meinung ; Vergleich ; EU-Staaten ; Israel ; Lateinamerika ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: What worries people across Latin America, North America, Israel and Europe? How do attitudes towards governments’ provision of social protection differ cross-nationally? A collaboration between the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) illustrates how views of economic risk and government effectiveness vary across the Americas and Europe. This report finds that economic discontent is global, as many respondents of both the OECD’s Risks that Matter and LAPOP’s AmericasBarometer surveys say that their country’s economic situation is worse than it was last year, and that public satisfaction with government is low. More than half of all respondents in the OECD and Latin American countries studied in this report say that government is failing to incorporate their views in social policy design and reform.
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789264494565
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (155 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: New Approaches to Economic Challenges
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Systemic thinking for policy making
    Keywords: Systems Thinking ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Entwicklungspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; OECD ; Wirtschaftspolitik
    Abstract: We live in a period of profound systemic change, and as in similar periods in the past, there is bound to be considerable instability and uncertainty before the new society and economy take shape. We have to identify actions that will shape change for the better, and help to build resilience to the inevitable shocks inherent in, and generated by, the complex system of systems constituted by the economy, society and the environment. These challenges require updating the way policies are devised and implemented, and developing more realistic tools and techniques to design those policies on the basis of appropriate data. In Systemic Thinking for Policy Making world experts from the OECD and International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) pool their expertise and experience to propose new approaches to analysing the interconnected trends and issues shaping today’s and tomorrow’s world. The authors argue that to tackle planetary emergencies linked to the environment, the economy and socio-political systems, we have to understand their systemic properties, such as tipping points, interconnectedness and resilience. They give the reader a precise introduction to the tools and techniques needed to do so, and offer hope that we can overcome the challenges the world is facing.
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789264700772 , 9789264700697 , 9789264955431
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Decarbonising urban mobility with land use and transport policies
    Keywords: Kommunale Verkehrspolitik ; Städtische Flächennutzung ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Auckland ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; New Zealand ; Auckland ; Flächennutzung ; Verkehrsberuhigung ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: The report presents an in-depth analysis of various policies that aim to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of urban transport. Decarbonising transport lies at the core of efforts to mitigate climate change and has close links to urban sustainability and housing affordability. The report identifies the drivers of rising emissions in the urban transport sector and offers pathways to reduce them through a combination of transport and land use policies. The analysis yields a holistic welfare evaluation of these policies, assessing them according to their environmental effectiveness, their economic efficiency and their impact on fiscal balance and housing affordability. The report concludes that significant reductions in emissions from urban transport can be achieved through a careful alignment of transport policies designed to promote the use of public transit and electric vehicles, and land use policies, which foster a more compact urban form. The study is based on the case of Auckland, New Zealand but the lessons drawn are relevant for institutions and governments working on issues relating to urban sustainability, transport, housing and climate change mitigation.
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