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  • 2020-2024  (167)
  • 2010-2014
  • 1970-1974
  • 2020  (167)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (167)
  • Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press
  • Social Issues/Migration/Health  (167)
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  • 2020-2024  (167)
  • 2010-2014
  • 1970-1974
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Women and climate change in the Sahel (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: West African papers no. 27 (March 2020)
    Series Statement: West African papers
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Burkina Faso ; Chad ; Mali ; Mauritania ; Niger ; Senegal ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore the gendered impacts of climate change in the Sahel. In particular, it explores the ways in which gender inequality is a critical factor in understanding vulnerability and resilience efforts concerning climate change. It shows that the current climate crisis is affecting livelihoods throughout the Sahel in pronounced ways. In a region highly dependent upon subsistence agriculture and pastoralist livelihoods, climate variability and environmental degradation have made such livelihoods difficult to sustain, the effects of which have broad ranging impacts on social and economic systems. Consequently, migration, livelihood adaptation, social unrest, and political instability emerge from the ecological challenges the Sahel is facing. Those with the resources to respond to and prepare for future climate events will be better equipped to navigate the climate crisis. Unfortunately, those resources are rarely equally distributed at the household, community, and state levels. In particular, gender inequalities within the Sahel pose a very real challenge for adaptation and resilience strategies as states and global institutions make interventions to support at risk populations. The paper then explores what development and state institutions are doing to resolve gender inequity through climate resilience policy, and where these efforts are falling short. The paper concludes with some strategies to improve opportunities for gender equity and climate resilience based on field research within the Sahel.
    DOI: 10.1787/e31c77ad-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dare to share (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Oser partager
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/f14acbb1-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oser partager (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Dare to share
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/714db83a-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Un monde plus violent ? (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe A more violent world?
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/9af276c9-fr
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Closing the gender gap: Have we reached the tipping point? (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Égalité entre les femmes et les hommes: avons-nous atteint le point de basculement?
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/098c4cf8-en
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Égalité entre les femmes et les hommes: avons-nous atteint le point de basculement? (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Closing the gender gap: Have we reached the tipping point?
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/ab65d4b3-fr
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Making Africa healthy (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Afrique : recouvrer la santé
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Sub-Saharan Africa suffers from the worst health status in the world, according to the authors of Making Medicines in Africa. As policymakers turn their focus to healthcare, in part spurred on by the UN Sustainable Development Goals, the authors argue that industrial development in pharmaceuticals and the capabilities it generates can play a crucial role in addressing the healthcare needs of the continent. Through a collection of case studies on industrial policies, Making Medicines in Africa shows the successes and pitfalls along the way.
    DOI: 10.1787/46af041a-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A more violent world? (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Un monde plus violent ?
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/1c4ea913-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Afrique : recouvrer la santé (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Making Africa healthy
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/bd68bbaa-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    All Hands In? Making Diversity Work for All (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264879935 , 9789264632318 , 9789264472228
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als All hands in?
    Keywords: Diversity Management ; Soziale Integration ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: OECD societies have become increasingly diverse in the past decades, offering new opportunities if diversity is properly managed. Ensuring that OECD countries are equipped to make the most of diversity by fully utilising all talent among diverse populations and promoting inclusive labour markets is a key challenge. Both businesses and governments are responding to this challenge with policies to strengthen the inclusion of diverse groups in the workplace and labour markets. This report considers five key groups who are widely considered disadvantaged in the labour market and society at large and who often face discrimination based on their group membership: immigrants, their descendants and ethnic minorities; LGBT people; older people; people with disabilities; and women. It assesses: i) how the inclusion of these groups in OECD labour markets has evolved over time, ii) the evidence on how diversity affects economic outcomes; and iii) which policies countries have implemented and what is known about their effectiveness.
    DOI: 10.1787/efb14583-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sustainable Reintegration of Returning Migrants : A Better Homecoming (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264378773 , 9789264367241 , 9789264649910
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: For many OECD countries, how to ensure the safe and dignified return to their origin countries of migrants who do not have grounds to remain is a key question. Alongside removal, return and reintegration assistance have become an integral part of the response. Development cooperation is expanding its activity to support the capacity of countries of origin to reintegrate all returning migrants. Sustainable Reintegration of Returning Migrants: A Better Homecoming reports the results of a multi-country peer review project carried out by the OECD, with support from the German Corporation for International Cooperation (GIZ) on behalf of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). It examines factors that can help improve the sustainability of reintegration at the individual level and at the programme level in countries of destination and origin. The report examines how casework and community-based programmes can increase uptake and improve outcomes. It identifies key elements of an effective individual reintegration programme, including outreach and counselling, case management and referral, and partnerships. The report makes proposals about how to improve programme design, evaluation, and monitoring, indicating areas where countries could co-operate more in implementation of programmes and in coordination with origin countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/5fee55b3-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Taxation and Philanthropy (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264331020 , 9789264406193 , 9789264868823
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.27
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe La fiscalité et la philanthropie
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Taxation and philanthropy
    Keywords: Fundraising ; Wohltätigkeit ; Steuervergünstigung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation
    Abstract: This report provides a detailed review of the tax treatment of philanthropic entities and philanthropic giving in 40 OECD member and participating countries. The report first examines the various arguments for and against the provision of preferential tax treatment for philanthropy. It then reviews the tax treatment of philanthropic entities and giving in the 40 participating countries, in both a domestic and cross-border context. Drawing on this analysis, the report then highlights a range of potential tax policy options for countries to consider.
    DOI: 10.1787/df434a77-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Changer les lois et éliminer les obstacles à l’autonomisation économique des femmes : Égypte, Jordanie, Maroc et Tunisie (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264636019 , 9789264678477 , 9789264421691
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Compétitivité et développement du secteur privé
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe تغيير القوانين وكسر الحواجز من أجل تحقيق التمكين الاقتصادي للمرأة في مصر والأردن والمغرب وتونس
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Changing Laws and Breaking Barriers for Women’s Economic Empowerment in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Egypt ; Jordan ; Morocco ; Tunisia
    Abstract: À l’heure où de nombreux pays de la région MENA cherchent à accélérer leur croissance économique et à construire des sociétés plus stables et plus ouvertes, ce rapport soutient qu’une plus grande autonomisation économique des femmes est l’une des clés pour atteindre ce double objectif. Il affirme qu’en dépit des difficultés rencontrées par certains pays pour garantir aux femmes un accès égal aux opportunités économiques, des progrès sont en cours et peuvent être renforcés par des actions politiques ciblées, inclusives et coordonnées. S’appuyant sur les conclusions d’un premier rapport de suivi publié en 2017, le présent rapport analyse les réformes législatives, politiques et institutionnelles récentes en faveur de l’autonomisation économique des femmes en Égypte, en Jordanie, au Maroc et en Tunisie et cherche à identifier les facteurs de réussite qui ont contribué à ancrer ces réformes. Il fournit par ailleurs des exemples concrets et des outils pratiques à l’intention des décideurs politiques pour les aider à transformer les politiques publiques en actions efficaces pour l’autonomisation économique des femmes.
    DOI: 10.1787/af7f3846-fr
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Is Cardiovascular Disease Slowing Improvements in Life Expectancy? : OECD and The King's Fund Workshop Proceedings (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264482029 , 9789264527379 , 9789264685222
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (78 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Evidence that cardiovascular disease is contributing to the slowdown in improvements in life expectancy in some OECD countries prompted OECD and The King’s Fund to convene an international workshop to examine this issue. Invitees included members of OECD’s Health Care Quality and Outcomes Working Party and five international experts. This publication describes the workshop proceedings and conclusions about the evidence on trends in cardiovascular disease mortality, their drivers and the policy implications. The report includes contributions by the plenary speakers, Susanne Løgstrup (European Heart Network), Jessica Ho (University of Southern California), Catherine Johnson (Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation), Anton Kunst (Amsterdam AMC) and Martin O’Flaherty (University of Liverpool). It shows cardiovascular disease is an important contributor to slowing life expectancy improvements in some countries, and flags some measurement problems such as international differences and changes in diagnostic practices and cause of death coding, and the complex linkages between cardiovascular disease and other causes of death. The report calls for improvements in national and international data and monitoring to support more timely and effective policy responses for preventing, managing and treating cardiovascular disease, and for tackling socio-economic and gender inequalities.
    DOI: 10.1787/47a04a11-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Taking public action to end violence at home : summary of conference proceedings (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264849396
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 Seiten) , Diagramme, Illustrationen
    Keywords: Gewalt ; Frau ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Erde
    Abstract: Violence against women remains a global crisis. Worldwide, more than one in three women have experienced physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime. OECD’s inaugural conference on violence against women, entitled “Taking Public Action to End Violence at Home,” facilitated a survivor-centred exchange of ideas and experiences. Held on 5-6 February 2020, attendees convened to share experiences, practices and ideas on how to prevent, address, and eradicate intimate partner violence (IPV), a particularly insidious form of violence against women. Just a few weeks after this OECD conference concluded, the regional health crisis of COVID-19 in Asia had turned into a global pandemic. In less than a month, the entire world was grappling with the massive health, social, and economic effects of the crisis – including the consequences of millions of women becoming trapped at home with their abusers, as governments implemented containment measures to stop the spread of the virus. The issues, challenges, and solutions to intimate partner violence that were debated at OECD conference have taken on a new and even more pressing urgency in the face of the global crisis.
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis, Literaturhinweise
    DOI: 10.1787/cbff411b-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Labour Market Relevance and Outcomes of Higher Education in Four US States : Ohio, Texas, Virginia and Washington (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264630710 , 9789264780217 , 9789264411494
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (450 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Higher Education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Labour market relevance and outcomes of higher education in four US States
    Keywords: Washington (Staat) ; Studium ; Bildungsertrag ; Ohio ; Texas ; Virginia ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United States ; Ohio ; Texas ; Virginia ; Washington ; Studium ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: Across OECD countries, higher education graduates enjoy higher employment rates and earnings than workers with only an upper secondary qualification. However, not all graduates find jobs that make full use of their skills and help them launch rewarding careers, and employers in some economic sectors point to a lack of qualified graduates. Policy makers are concerned about the current alignment of higher education systems to labour markets, and are increasingly uneasy about the future of work and the resilience of higher education systems in uncertain economic times. This report, which focuses on four US states – Ohio, Texas, Virginia and Washington – is the third of a series of country-specific reviews conducted as part of the OECD project on the labour market relevance and outcomes of higher education. The report offers a comprehensive review of graduate outcomes and policies supporting alignment between higher education and the labour market in the four participating states in 2018-19, an overview of the US labour market and higher education context, and a range of policy examples from across OECD jurisdictions to help improve the alignment of higher education and the labour market.
    DOI: 10.1787/38361454-en
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Reviews of Public Health: Korea : A Healthier Tomorrow (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264552098 , 9789264689640 , 9789264673366
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Public Health
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of public health
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Südkorea ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of ; Südkorea ; Gesundheitswesen
    Abstract: This review assesses Korea's public health system, highlights areas of strength and weakness, and makes a number of recommendations for improvement. The review examines Korea's public health system architecture, and how well policies are responding to population health challenges, including the growing burden of chronic disease, and resulting pressures on the health system. In particular, the review assesses Korea’s policies to prevent harmful alcohol use, and the risks and opportunities around public health genomics in Korea, which is both a growing field in the health sector, and a booming commercial industry. The review also examines Korea's exposure to public health emergencies, and capacity to respond to emergencies as and when they occur.
    DOI: 10.1787/be2b7063-en
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    グリーン・リカバリーのためのグリーン予算編成と租税政策ツール (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.)
    Series Statement: 新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)へのOECD政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Green budgeting and tax policy tools to support a green recovery
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation
    Abstract: 世界が新型コロナウイルスのパンデミックによる社会・経済的混乱から回復するには、各国が政策において共同歩調を取る必要がある。各国は復興のための複合的政策を検討しており、環境目標に向けてグリーン政策を優先的に選択して、低炭素化に向けた構造変化を加速するだけでなく、将来のショックに対する社会の危機対応能力(resilience)を高め、将来のリスクを低減する機会がある。本稿では主に、各国がグリーンリカバリーを支える複合的刺激策を実行するためのグリーン予算編成および租税政策ツールの実用的な利用方法、ならびに刺激策と脱炭素化目標を整合させる上で相互に関連する税制と支出措置双方の役割に焦点を当てる。
    DOI: 10.1787/cce7db0e-ja
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Supporting the financial resilience of citizens throughout the COVID-19 crisis (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Apoiando a resiliência financeira dos cidadãos durante a crise da COVID-19
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has wide implications for the socio-economic fabric worldwide. In addition to health fears, citizens are facing a host of financial uncertainties stemming from the temporary closure of businesses, schools, public facilities and quarantines, as well as instability in the stock market and retirement income uncertainties. These can result in lost income, trouble paying bills, and meeting other financial obligations, as well as the risk of falling victim to scams and fraud. Policy makers worldwide need to increase the awareness of citizens about effective means to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its potential long-term consequences for their financial resilience and well-being. Taking domestic contexts into account, governments could consider the following initial measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/fa710f2b-en
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Building resilience to the Covid-19 pandemic: the role of centres of government (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Accroître la résilience face à la pandémie de COVID-19 : le rôle des centres de gouvernement
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Centres of government (CoGs) have played an important role in tackling the crisis caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This paper discusses the high-level institutional arrangements put in place by governments to manage policy responses to the pandemic, with a special focus on CoG’s leading or supporting role in three main dimensions: co-ordination and strategic planning, the use of evidence to inform decision-making, and communicating decisions to the public. As governments face unprecedented governance challenges, the pandemic has uncovered gaps in both government co-ordination and the use of evidence for policy making, which directly affect the nature and quality of the measures adopted to tackle the crisis and its aftermath. These challenges have led to a number of quick fixes and agile responses, which will need to be assessed when the worst of the crisis is over.
    DOI: 10.1787/883d2961-en
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ensuring data privacy as we battle COVID-19 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Garantizar la privacidad de datos mientras luchamos contra el COVID-19
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Garantir a privacidade de dados na luta contra a COVID-19
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Many governments are taking unprecedented measures to track, trace and contain the spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), by turning to digital technologies and advanced analytics to collect, process and share data for effective front-line responses. Policy makers, in consultation with privacy enforcement authorities, must assess the possible trade-offs in data utilisation during this crisis (reconciling the risks and benefits), but must ensure that any extraordinary measures are proportionate to the risks and are implemented with full transparency, accountability and a commitment to immediately cease or reverse exceptional uses of data when the crisis is over.
    DOI: 10.1787/36c2f31e-en
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biodiversity and the economic response to COVID-19: Ensuring a green and resilient recovery (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Biodiversité et réponse économique au COVID 19 : assurer une reprise verte et résiliente
    Keywords: Artenvielfalt ; Coronavirus ; Politik ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This Policy Brief focuses on the vital role of biodiversity for human life and the importance of integrating biodiversity considerations into the recovery from the COVID-19 crisis. The Brief first outlines how biodiversity loss is a key driver of emerging infectious diseases and poses a variety of other growing risks to businesses, society and the global economy. Investing in the conservation, sustainable use and restoration of biodiversity can help to address these risks, while providing jobs, business opportunities and other benefits to society. The Brief then examines how governments are factoring biodiversity into their stimulus measures and recovery plans in practice, highlighting both concerning trends and best practices. The Brief concludes with policy recommendations on how governments can better integrate biodiversity into their COVID-19 stimulus measures and broader recovery efforts.
    DOI: 10.1787/d98b5a09-en
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  • 23
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    若者と新型コロナウイルス感染症: 対策、復興と危機対応能力 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Series Statement: 新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)へのOECD政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Youth and COVID-19: Response, recovery and resilience
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: 新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)という世界的な医療を巡る非常事態とその経済的、社会的影響は、社会のあらゆるグループの生活全般を混乱させている。 COVID-19危機は、若年層、特に弱い立場の若者に、教育、雇用、心の健康、可処分所得などの面で深刻なリスクをもたらしている。さらに、若者や将来世代はこの危機が長期にわたり経済社会に与える影響の多くを背負うことになるが、若者の暮らし良さよりも短期的な経済と公平性の問題の方が優先的に検討される可能性がある。 各国政府は、世代間の不平等の悪化を回避すると同時に、社会の危機対応能力(resilience)を構築する取り組みに若者を関与させるため、効果的なガバナンス・メカニズムを駆使することで、緩和策や回復策が様々な年齢層にもたらす影響を予測する必要がある。 本稿では、48カ国90のユース団体を対象に行った調査結果に基づき、各国政府が誰一人取り残すことのない包摂的で公正な回復策を考案するために採用できる実践的な施策を概括する。
    DOI: 10.1787/60b95194-ja
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  • 24
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    La fiscalité et la philanthropie (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264409453 , 9789264449602 , 9789264381674
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Études de politique fiscale de l'OCDE no.27
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Taxation and Philanthropy
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation
    Abstract: Ce rapport présente un examen détaillé du traitement fiscal des organismes et dons philanthropiques dans 40 pays membres et partenaires de l'OCDE. Le rapport examine d'abord les divers arguments pour et contre l’octroi d’un traitement fiscal préférentiel à la philanthropie. Il examine ensuite le traitement fiscal des entités et dons philanthropiques dans les 40 pays ayant pris part à l’étude, sous un angle à la fois national et transfrontalier. S'appuyant sur cette analyse, le rapport met enfin en évidence un éventail d'options potentielles de politique fiscale que les pays peuvent envisager.
    DOI: 10.1787/9f265518-fr
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  • 25
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    OECD Reviews of Public Health: Latvia : A Healthier Tomorrow (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264893016 , 9789264619647 , 9789264737419
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Public Health
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheit ; Lettland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Latvia
    Abstract: Latvia sees high rates of obesity, smoking and alcohol consumption. In turn, this results in a high incidence of preventable diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes and many cancers. This puts a burden on a health system which is already operating on a very tight budget as compared to other OECD countries. This OECD report shows that Latvia has many of the policies it needs to address these problems in place. However, Latvia needs to go further to ensure the health system can effectively prevent diseases, not just cure them. This will require redesigning policies to reach a larger population and efforts to educate the population to understand how to protect their health. Better screening programmes are needed, as is a stronger primary care sector, and access to essential medicines for all Latvians.
    DOI: 10.1787/e9f33098-en
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  • 26
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    COVID-19 und verantwortungsvolles unternehmerisches Handeln (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.)
    Series Statement: Antworten der OECD auf das Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe El COVID-19 y la conducta empresarial responsable
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe COVID-19 and responsible business conduct
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Dieses Papier des OECD Centre for Responsible Business Conduct gibt einen Überblick über die Herausforderungen der COVID-19-Krise für das unternehmerische Handeln und skizziert erste Reaktionen staatlicher Stellen und Unternehmen. Es beschreibt, inwiefern verantwortungs­volles unternehmerisches Handeln zur Bewältigung der Krise beitragen kann und stellt die möglichen kurz- und langfristigen Vorteile eines solchen Vorgehens heraus.
    DOI: 10.1787/9d5eb69f-de
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  • 27
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    Promoting social mobility in Austria (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.251
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Austria
    Abstract: While income inequality in Austria is relatively low compared to many other OECD countries, social mobility lags behind. Socio-economic outcomes carry over strongly from one generation to the next: more than elsewhere, fathers’ earnings are a strong predictor of the earnings of their prime-age children. This reflects strong persistence across generations in occupational and educational outcomes, particularly for women and migrants. Relative income positions also tend to strongly persist over people’s lives, in particular at the top and bottom. Meanwhile, the middle-income group is polarising, with downward risks rising for the lower middle. Longer-term earnings trajectories (over 15 years) display marked gender differences, with women facing weaker chances of moving up and greater risks of sliding down. This paper identifies policies that promote or hamper social mobility in four domains. First, good-quality early childhood education and care can be a catalyst for upward mobility. Participation rates have significantly risen over the last decade, but still lag those in many OECD countries. Further investment is needed to improve quality and status of formal childcare. Second, tackling low educational mobility in Austria requires ensuring a successful school-to-work transition. Austria provides targeted support for those who struggle, but it could improve funding for disadvantaged schools and consider the appropriateness of "tracking" students at such a young age. Third, reducing gender inequality in the labour market would greatly improve social mobility. This requires raising incentives for a more equal sharing of family and work responsibilities in the areas of tax policy, parental leave and family and care benefits. Fourth, the Austrian tax and benefit system provides comparatively adequate protection against income shocks. The high concentration of household wealth, combined with the absence of inheritance taxation, however implies that inequalities of opportunity remain large.
    DOI: 10.1787/1e0efdcc-en
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  • 28
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    Realizar pruebas para la detección de la COVID-19: Una forma de levantar las restricciones de confinamiento (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.)
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Testing for COVID-19: A way to lift confinement restrictions
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe COVID-19検査：外出制限措置を解除するために
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Testando para a COVID-19: Uma maneira de flexibilizar as restrições do confinamento
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Esta nota analiza el papel de las pruebas para la detección del coronavirus (COVID-19) como parte de la estrategia para levantar las restricciones de confinamiento y prepararse para un posible nuevo brote de infecciones virales. Si se levantan todas las restricciones antes de que se desarrolle una vacuna o tratamientos eficaces, sin otras medidas para suprimir nuevos contagios, se espera que la tasa de contagio repunte rápidamente. Una supresión rápida de los contagios requeriría realizar pruebas de diagnóstico a una mayor cantidad de personas para identificar quién está contagiado, hacer un seguimiento para asegurarse de que la enfermedad no se propague más, y rastrear a las personas con las que han estado en contacto.
    DOI: 10.1787/76e1c9d1-es
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  • 29
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    Managing international migration under COVID-19 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gérer les migrations internationales dans le contexte du COVID-19
    Keywords: Migrationspolitik ; Internationale Migration ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Coronavirus ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This brief assesses migration policy reactions by OECD countries in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It reviews the introduction and development of short-term policy responses from March to early June and identifies some of the possible forthcoming medium and longer-term challenges to migration management arising from this global health crisis.
    DOI: 10.1787/6e914d57-en
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  • 30
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    Soutenir la résilience financière des citoyens pendant la crise du COVID-19 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Supporting the financial resilience of citizens throughout the COVID-19 crisis
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Apoiando a resiliência financeira dos cidadãos durante a crise da COVID-19
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: La pandémie du COVID-19 a des répercussions socio-économiques considérables partout dans le monde. Outre les craintes pour leur santé, les citoyens sont confrontés à une multitude d’aléas financiers liés à la fermeture temporaire d’entreprises, d’écoles et d’établissements publics et aux quarantaines, ainsi qu’à l’instabilité des marchés boursiers et aux incertitudes liées au revenu de retraite. Cettesituation peut entraîner des pertes de revenu, des difficultés à payer ses factures et à honorer d’autres obligations financières, ainsi que le risque d’être victime d’escroqueries et de fraudes. Les responsables de l’action publique dans le monde entier doivent sensibiliser davantage les citoyens aux moyens efficaces d’atténuer l’impact de la pandémie de COVID-19 et ses conséquences potentielles à long terme sur leur résilience et leur bien-être financiers. En tenant compte des contextes nationaux, les gouvernements pourraient envisager les mesures initiales suivantes.
    DOI: 10.1787/5bd2b5b8-fr
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  • 31
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    学校閉鎖期間中のオンライン学習の拡充：新型コロナウイルス感染症危機時の生徒支援における家族と教員の役割 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Series Statement: 新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)へのOECD政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Strengthening online learning when schools are closed: The role of families and teachers in supporting students during the COVID-19 crisis
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: 新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)危機により、世界中の教育制度は対面指導に代わる新たな手段を見出すよう迫られている。その結果、オンライン指導・学習は、かつてない規模で教員と生徒に活用されるようになった。全面的であれ地域限定であれロックダウンは、ワクチンが行き渡るようになるまでは感染拡大の新たな波を抑え込む手段として再び必要となる可能性があることから、各国政府は、オンライン学習の有効性を最大限引き出せる政策を明らかにすることが何より重要である。本稿は、通常の対面授業が行えない場合にオンライン教育の潜在力を最大限活かす上で生徒の学習態度が果たす役割を検証するものである。特に、こうした状況下では、生徒がこの重要な学習態度を身に着けるのを手助けする保護者と教員の役割が欠かせないことから、保護者の負担を減らし、教員と学校がデジタル学習を最大限活かせるよう、的を絞った政策介入を設計する必要がある。
    DOI: 10.1787/8717061e-ja
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  • 32
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    Treatments and a vaccine for COVID-19: The need for coordinating policies on R&D, manufacturing and access (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 新型コロナウイルス感染症の治療方法とワクチン: 研究開発、製造、使用に関する政策調整の必要性
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Arzneimittel ; Impfung ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This brief discusses policies needed to ensure equitable and universal access by all those in need globally to future vaccines for SARS-Cov-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and treatments for the disease. It provides a snapshot of the vaccine and drug candidates in the current R&D pipeline. It then discusses the need for international co-operation to focus on three critical issues which are beyond the initial phases of clinical research. First, there is a need for pull mechanisms to incentivise the swift completion of the most promising R&D projects, and avoid that they are abandoned mid-way should the pandemic subside. Second, large-scale manufacturing capacity has to be built even before we know which candidates will be successful. This is particularly important for vaccines to ensure timely production of a large number of doses needed,and could also be achieved through designing appropriate pull mechanisms. Third, rules need to be set now to manage intellectual property rights and procurement to ensure equitable access, affordability and supply in sufficient quantities.
    DOI: 10.1787/6e7669a9-en
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  • 33
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    COVID-19 crisis in the MENA region: impact on gender equality and policy responses (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe COVID‑19 dans la région MENA : impact sur les inégalités de genre et réponses apportées en soutien aux femmes
    Keywords: Frauen ; Gleichberechtigung ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Coronavirus ; MENA-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This brief takes stock of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender equality in the region and highlights gender-sensitive measures and initiatives taken by governments, the private sector and civil society to mitigate the impact of the crisis on women. It asserts that the COVID-19 crisis is a watershed moment for gender equality in the MENA region and an opportunity to rethink women’s role in the economy and society. The region’s long-term recovery will depend on its ability to fully leverage the potential of both its men and women.
    DOI: 10.1787/ee4cd4f4-en
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  • 34
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    More than one-third of West Africans have no handwashing facility at home (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Plus d'un tiers des Africains de l'Ouest n'ont pas d'installations pour se laver les mains à la maison
    Keywords: Sanitäre Einrichtung ; Hygiene ; Infektionsschutz ; Westafrika ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Handwashing is one of the top preventive measures recommended to reduce the spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19). However, current levels of handwashing with soap are generally low across the region. Monitoring handwashing behaviour is difficult but the presence of soap and water at a designated place is generally used as a proxy indicator.
    DOI: 10.1787/fe1622ff-en
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  • 35
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    Aprender a distancia cuando las escuelas cierran: ¿Cuán bien están preparados los estudiantes y las escuelas? Enseñanzas de PISA (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 学校閉鎖期間のリモート学習に対する生徒と学校の備え：PISA調査結果より
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Learning remotely when schools close: How well are students and schools prepared? Insights from PISA
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: A medida que las escuelas cierran ante la crisis de COVID-19 (en más de 140 países ahora), las oportunidades de aprendizaje en línea, consideradas como un recurso extraescolar adicional, se convirtieron en una cuerda de salvamento fundamental para la educación. Las oportunidades que las tecnologías digitales ofrecen son mucho más que una solución provisional para utilizarse durante la crisis. La tecnología digital nos permite encontrar respuestas del todo nuevas a lo que las personas aprenden, cómo aprenden, dónde aprenden y cuándo lo hacen. La tecnología puede facilitar a los profesores y a los estudiantes el acceso a materiales especializados que trascienden los libros de texto, en múltiples formatos y en formas que puedan atravesar el tiempo y el espacio. Junto con los grandes profesores, los sistemas inteligentes de aprendizaje en línea no solo nos enseñan ciencia; son capaces de observar a la vez cómo estudiamos, cómo aprendemos ciencias...
    DOI: 10.1787/4ead1e4b-es
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  • 36
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    Políticas de reposta das cidades (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.)
    Series Statement: As políticas públicas da OCDE para responder ao coronavírus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les mesures adoptées par les villes face au COVID-19
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Respuestas políticas de las ciudades al COVID-19
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 新型コロナウィルス（COVID-19）への都市の政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cities policy responses
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Essa nota foi desenvolvida pelo Centro de Empreendedorismo, PME’s, Regiões e Cidades da OCDE (CFE) em colaboração com o Grupo de Trabalho da OCDE para Política Urbana e a Iniciativa da OCDE de prefeitos (as) campeões (ães) para o crescimento inclusivo. É uma versão atualizada da publicada em 27 de março, a qual amplia os exemplos das medidas adotadas por cidades para responder a COVID-19 e fornece análises sobre problemas relacionados a impacto econômico, densidade, resiliência e colaboração com governos nacionais. As respostas de curto e médio prazo das cidades estão organizadas em seis categorias i) distanciamento social; ii) locais de trabalho e deslocamentos; iii) grupos vulneráveis; iv) prestação de serviços locais; v) apoio às empresas; e vi) comunicação, sensibilização e ferramentas digitais. A nota também inclui novas informações sobre como as cidades estão progressivamente saindo do confinamento e sobre as lições aprendidas em termos de densidade, mobilidade e digitalização. Esta nota conclui com orientações de ações direcionadas à reconstrução de cidades melhores, se apoiando nos trabalhos prévios de resiliência urbana. O anexo A fornece informações mais detalhadas sobre as iniciativas das cidades inventariadas. O anexo B mapeia esforços de organizações e redes locais selecionadas para coletar respostas das cidades e fomentar o conhecimento e o compartilhamento de experiências. Esse é um documento em evolução que terá sua próxima versão liberada ao fim de junho.
    DOI: 10.1787/4a98f3a8-pt
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  • 37
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    Can disability benefits promote (re)employment? : Considerations for effective disability benefit design (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.253
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Previous OECD reports have concluded that disability policy has changed substantially in many OECD countries in recent decades. Nevertheless, large employment gaps remain between people with a disability and those without. This paper builds on earlier OECD analysis and recent extensions to OECD’s tax-benefit model (http://oe.cd/TaxBEN) for selected countries. The paper aims to assess the adequacy of income support programmes for people with reduced work capacity and their related work incentives. It describes how the system characteristics of these programs shape labour-market behaviour and employment. The paper finds evidence that the broader institutional setup of a disability programme does not necessarily have a major impact on key aspects of social-protection effectiveness. All types of scheme can achieve reasonable levels of benefit adequacy and broad benefit coverage for people with work limitations. However, design specifics matter considerably for people’s likelihood of (re-)employment.
    DOI: 10.1787/227e7990-en
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  • 38
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    Regulatory policy and COVID-19: Behavioural insights for fast-paced decision making (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This policy paper was developed by the OECD Regulatory Policy Division with inputs from behavioural practitioners and policy makers in the International COVID-19 Behavioural Insights and Policy Group. It discusses from a regulatory governance perspective why behavioural insights (BI) should be considered as part of a holistic response to the COVID-19 pandemic, what governance challenges involved in deploying BI against the pandemic, and how some countries have responded to these challenges. Reflecting on these challenges and opportunities allows governments to promote resiliency by preparing the BI field for future crises.
    DOI: 10.1787/7a521805-en
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  • 39
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    Contribution des médecins et des infirmiers migrants à la lutte contre la crise du COVID-19 dans les pays de l’OCDE (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Contribution of migrant doctors and nurses to tackling COVID-19 crisis in OECD countries
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Cet exposé général s’intéresse à la contribution des médecins et des infirmiers migrants aux systèmes de santé de l’OCDE et à la manière dont les pays de l’OCDE ont adapté leurs approches de la reconnaissance des diplômes étrangers afin de faire appel à des médecins et des infirmiers supplémentaires formés à l’étranger face à l’épidémie de COVID-19. Il met également en évidence les éventuelles répercussions sur les pays d’origine de ces travailleurs, qui rencontraient déjà, pour certains, de graves pénuries de professionnels de santé qualifiés avant la pandémie de COVID-19, et souligne la nécessité d’une réponse globale à la pénurie mondiale de personnels de santé.
    DOI: 10.1787/63ff0143-fr
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  • 40
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    Les jeunes et le COVID-19 : Réponses, relance et résilience (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 若者と新型コロナウイルス感染症: 対策、復興と危機対応能力
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Youth and COVID-19: Response, recovery and resilience
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Governance
    Abstract: La situation d’urgence sanitaire mondiale liée au COVID-19 et ses conséquences économiques et sociales ont bouleversé presque tous les aspects de la vie de l’ensemble des groupes qui composent la société. Toutefois, en fonction des âges, chaque population ressent ces effets de différentes manières. Sur la base des résultats d’une enquête réalisée auprès de 90 organisations de jeunesse établies dans 48 pays, cette synthèse passe en revue les mesures pratiques que les pouvoirs publics peuvent appliquer pour concevoir des politiques de relance inclusives et équitables ne négligeant aucune partie de la population.
    DOI: 10.1787/b626230b-fr
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  • 41
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    Systemic Thinking for Policy Making : The Potential of Systems Analysis for Addressing Global Policy Challenges in the 21st Century (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264494565
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (155 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: New Approaches to Economic Challenges
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Systemic thinking for policy making
    Keywords: Systems Thinking ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Entwicklungspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; OECD ; Wirtschaftspolitik
    Abstract: We live in a period of profound systemic change, and as in similar periods in the past, there is bound to be considerable instability and uncertainty before the new society and economy take shape. We have to identify actions that will shape change for the better, and help to build resilience to the inevitable shocks inherent in, and generated by, the complex system of systems constituted by the economy, society and the environment. These challenges require updating the way policies are devised and implemented, and developing more realistic tools and techniques to design those policies on the basis of appropriate data. In Systemic Thinking for Policy Making world experts from the OECD and International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) pool their expertise and experience to propose new approaches to analysing the interconnected trends and issues shaping today’s and tomorrow’s world. The authors argue that to tackle planetary emergencies linked to the environment, the economy and socio-political systems, we have to understand their systemic properties, such as tipping points, interconnectedness and resilience. They give the reader a precise introduction to the tools and techniques needed to do so, and offer hope that we can overcome the challenges the world is facing.
    DOI: 10.1787/879c4f7a-en
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  • 42
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    Who Cares? Attracting and Retaining Care Workers for the Elderly (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264624658 , 9789264383746 , 9789264799189
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (187 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Who cares?
    Keywords: Pflegeberufe ; Personalbeschaffung ; Personalmanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Pflegeberuf
    Abstract: This report presents the most up-to-date and comprehensive cross-country assessment of long-term care (LTC) workers, the tasks they perform and the policies to address shortages in OECD countries. It highlights the importance of improving working conditions in the sector and making care work more attractive and shows that there is space to increase productivity by enhancing the use of technology, providing a better use of skills and investing in prevention. Population ageing has outpaced the growth of workers in the long-term care (LTC) sector and the sector struggles with attracting and retaining enough workers to care for those dependent on others for care. Non-standard work is widespread, pay levels tend to be lower than similar-qualification jobs in other health sectors, and LTC workers experience more health problems than other health workers. Further, educational requirements tend to be insufficient to perform more demanding and growing tasks of LTC. With growing demand for care at home, better co-ordination between the health and long-term care sectors and between formal and informal careers is needed.
    DOI: 10.1787/92c0ef68-en
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  • 43
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    Behavioural Insights and Organisations : Fostering Safety Culture (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264758490 , 9789264426726 , 9789264457119
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Behavioural insights and organisations
    Keywords: Energy ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Canada ; Ireland ; Mexico ; Oman
    Abstract: Behavioural insights (BI) has become widely used by public bodies around the world, mostly towards improving the way policies are implemented and influencing individual behaviour. As the field of BI evolves to tackle more complex policy issues, there is widespread perception that BI can and should go beyond the study of individual-level decision processes for higher impact. This report presents research on applying BI to changing the behaviour of organisations, with a focus on fostering elements of a safety culture in the energy sector. It presents comparative findings from experiments with energy regulators in Canada, Ireland, Mexico and Oman, as well as guidance for applying BI to safety culture going forward.
    DOI: 10.1787/e6ef217d-en
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  • 44
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    Jendā byōdō no kasoku (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Title: ジェンダー平等の加速 : 主流化、実施、リーダーシップ
    ISBN: 9789264808812
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (226 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Fast Forward to Gender Equality: Mainstreaming, Implementation and Leadership
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/656286f3-ja
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  • 45
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    Housing and Inclusive Growth (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264749863 , 9789264873490 , 9789264362819
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Economics
    Abstract: Housing is key to inclusive growth. It is the biggest spending item of household budgets, the main driver of wealth accumulation and biggest source of debt for most households. Housing and the neighbourhood in which people live also have important implications for individual health, employment and educational outcomes – effects that can begin in childhood and can last a lifetime. Nevertheless, the housing market may also present a barrier to inclusive growth for some groups, such as low-income households, children, youth, seniors and the homeless. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted even more abruptly just how important housing issues are to people, and prompted governments to introduce a range of emergency housing supports. However, the pandemic has also underscored the need for governments to develop more structural responses to address persistent housing challenges. This report assesses the key underlying pre-COVID-19 housing policy issues and proposes a series of recommendations to support more inclusive housing outcomes. These include measures to address some of the structural barriers to inclusive growth in the housing market, as well as measures to address the specific housing challenges facing vulnerable groups.
    DOI: 10.1787/6ef36f4b-en
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  • 46
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    SIGI 2020 Regional Report for Latin America and the Caribbean (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264844803 , 9789264547254 , 9789264933378
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (234 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Social Institutions and Gender Index
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als SIGI 2020 Regional Report for Latin America and the Caribbean
    Keywords: Sozialer Indikator ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Soziale Norm ; Institutionenökonomik ; Eurasien ; Lateinamerika ; Karibischer Raum ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Antigua and Barbuda ; Argentina ; Bahamas ; Barbados ; Belize ; Bolivia ; Brazil ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Cuba ; Dominica ; Dominican Republic ; Ecuador ; El Salvador ; Grenada ; Guatemala ; Guyana ; Haiti ; Honduras ; Jamaica ; Mexico ; Nicaragua ; Panama ; Paraguay ; Peru ; Trinidad and Tobago ; Uruguay ; Venezuela ; Karibik ; Lateinamerika ; Frauenfeindlichkeit ; Soziale Norm ; Sozialer Indikator ; Geschichte 2014-2019
    Abstract: Gender equality and women’s empowerment can only be achieved if countries take action to tackle and eliminate discrimination in their legal frameworks, social norms and practices. The SIGI 2020 Regional Report for Latin America and the Caribbean provides new evidence-based analysis on the setbacks and progress in achieving gender equality between 2014 and 2019. The report uncovers discrimination in social institutions faced by Latin American and Caribbean women in various dimensions; within the family and household context, in relation to physical integrity and access to productive and financial resources, as well within the political and civil spheres. It also explores various development perspectives such as the cost of discriminatory social institutions for Latin American and Caribbean countries and the socio-economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for women and girls. Building on the regional and sub-regional analysis of how discriminatory social institutions continue to hinder efforts toward SDG 5, the report provides a set of policy recommendations to reshape gender norms, promote women’s empowerment and build a truly inclusive society.
    DOI: 10.1787/cb7d45d1-en
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  • 47
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    Health at a Glance: Latin America and the Caribbean 2020 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264835245 , 9789264679702 , 9789264779716
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Panorama de la Salud: Latinoamérica y el Caribe 2020
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Antigua and Barbuda ; Argentina ; Bahamas ; Barbados ; Belize ; Bolivia ; Brazil ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Cuba ; Dominica ; Dominican Republic ; Ecuador ; El Salvador ; Grenada ; Guatemala ; Guyana ; Haiti ; Honduras ; Jamaica ; Mexico ; Nicaragua ; Panama ; Paraguay ; Saint Kitts and Nevis ; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ; Suriname ; Trinidad and Tobago ; Uruguay ; Venezuela
    Abstract: Health at a Glance: Latin America and the Caribbean 2020 presents key indicators on health and health systems in 33 Latin America and the Caribbean countries. This first Health at a Glance publication to cover the Latin America and the Caribbean region was prepared jointly by OECD and the World Bank. Analysis is based on the latest comparable data across almost 100 indicators including equity, health status, determinants of health, health care resources and utilisation, health expenditure and financing, and quality of care. The editorial discusses the main challenges for the region brought by the COVID-19 pandemic, such as managing the outbreak as well as mobilising adequate resources and using them efficiently to ensure an effective response to the epidemic. An initial chapter summarises the comparative performance of countries before the crisis, followed by a special chapter about addressing wasteful health spending that is either ineffective or does not lead to improvement in health outcomes so that to direct saved resources where they are urgently needed.
    DOI: 10.1787/6089164f-en
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  • 48
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    Gender Equality in Colombia : Access to Justice and Politics at the Local Level (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264763067 , 9789264383104 , 9789264639485
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Gender equality in Colombia
    Keywords: Gleichberechtigung ; Kolumbien ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Colombia
    Abstract: This report assesses women’s access to justice and women’s political participation in parliament, local councils and civil society organisations in Colombia. It examines existing legal, political and institutional frameworks in order to better understand successes, challenges and implementation gaps in the government’s pursuit of access to justice and gender equality. The report also offers examples of different approaches in OECD member and partner countries to support Colombia in closing gender gaps. Based on this analysis, the report proposes actionable solutions to help Colombia design and deliver policies that effectively promote women’s political participation and access to justice, including for survivors of gender based violence.
    DOI: 10.1787/b956ef57-en
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  • 49
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    Over the Rainbow? The Road to LGBTI Inclusion (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264523180 , 9789264511026 , 9789264809437
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hors d’atteinte ? La route vers l’intégration des personnes LGBTI
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Over the rainbow?
    Keywords: Homosexualität ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Soziale Integration ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Ensuring that LGBTI people – i.e. lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, transgender and intersex individuals – can live as who they are without being discriminated against or attacked is a concern worldwide. Discrimination against LGBTI people remains pervasive, while its cost is massive. It lowers investment in human capital due to bullying at school. It also reduces economic output by excluding LGBTI talents from the labour market and impairing their mental health, hence their productivity. This report provides a comprehensive overview of the extent to which laws in OECD countries ensure equal treatment of LGBTI people, and of the complementary policies that could help foster LGBTI inclusion. The report first identifies the legislative and regulatory frameworks in the areas of civil rights, protection against discrimination and violence, as well as health that are critical for the inclusion of sexual and gender minorities. The report then explores whether these laws are in force in OECD countries and examines the margin for further improvement. Finally, the report investigates the broader policy measures that should accompany LGBTI-inclusive laws in order to strengthen the inclusion of LGBTI people.
    DOI: 10.1787/8d2fd1a8-en
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  • 50
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    System governance towards improved patient safety : Key functions, approaches and pathways to implementation (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.120
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Safety governance refers to the approaches taken to minimise the risk for patient harm across an entity or system. It typically comprises steering and rule-making functions such as policies, regulations and standards. To date, governance has focused on the clinical level and the hospital setting, with limited oversight and control over safety in other parts of the health system. All 25 countries that responded to a 2019 OECD Survey of Patient Safety Governance have enacted legislation that aims to promote patient safety. These practices include external accreditation and inspections of safety processes and outcomes. Safety governance models are also moving away from punishment and shaming towards increased trust and openness. Learning from success as well as failures represents a paradigm shift in safety governance, an approach that has been increasingly adopted in OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/2abdd834-en
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  • 51
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    L’individualisation des dispositifs d’accès à la formation: l’exemple français du Compte Personnel de Formation (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.245
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Individualising training access schemes: France – the Compte Personnel de Formation (Personal Training Account – CPF)
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; France
    Abstract: La création du Compte personnel de formation (CPF) marque une étape importante pour le système français de formation continue en instituant un dispositif individualisé de financement de formations. Mis en œuvre en janvier 2015, il est actuellement le seul exemple existant au niveau international de compte individuel de formation sur lequel les individus accumulent des droits à la formation au cours du temps. D’abord le fruit d’un compromis entre les acteurs sociaux, le CPF a généré d’importantes avancées en matière de qualité de la formation. La loi du 5 septembre 2018 “Pour la liberté de choisir son avenir professionnel” modifie significativement le compte dans l’objectif de renforcer la place de l’individu dans le système, de réduire le rôle des acteurs collectifs – notamment des branches -, et d’augmenter celui du libre jeu de la concurrence et du marché. Après une revue des caractéristiques du CPF avant et après la réforme, ce document fournit des éléments sur l’utilisation du CPF en pratique, discute la mesure dans laquelle le dispositif atteint les publics généralement sous-représentés et les questions liées à la qualité de la formation. Il conclue par une discussion des forces et faiblesses du CPF.
    DOI: 10.1787/d222364a-fr
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  • 52
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    How have women’s participation and fields of study choice in higher education evolved over time? (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.74
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Women’s participation in higher education has overtaken men’s. However, women have been historically under-represented in some fields and continue to be so: they predominate in education,and health and welfare as their main fields of study, while men predominate in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Whatever field of study they choose, however, women’s earnings still lag behind men’s in all fields and in all OECD and partner countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/731d5f4a-en
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  • 53
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    Testing for COVID-19: How to best use the various tests? (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Dépistage du COVID-19 : Comment utiliser au mieux les différents tests ?
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Even with promising recent news on vaccine development, testing, tracking, tracing and isolating (TTTI) quickly and on a large scale continue to be essential to public health policy responses to the COVID‑19 pandemic. This note provides an update to an earlier OECD brief on such strategies in the light of recent developments in testing technologies. Molecular tests, and in particular RT-PCR, remain the reference for identifying infections because these tests are very reliable. But capacity constraints and the relatively high cost of RT-PCR limit its use on a massive scale. More recently-developed rapid antigen tests offer the advantage of producing results much more quickly. They are also cheaper, simple to use, and can be performed at point-of-care, thus allowing their use on a very large scale. However, they are less reliable than molecular tests. To achieve their objectives, testing strategies can combine different technologies and use them in complementary ways, taking into account their respective strengths and limitations.
    DOI: 10.1787/c76df201-en
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  • 54
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    Mehr als Eindämmung: Antworten der OECD-Gesundheitssysteme auf COVID-19 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.)
    Series Statement: Antworten der OECD auf das Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Beyond containment: Health systems responses to COVID-19 in the OECD
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Coronavirus ; Epidemie ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/e446c943-de
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  • 55
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    Greater harmonisation of clinical trial regulations would help the fight against COVID-19 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Pour soutenir la lutte contre le COVID 19, une meilleure harmonisation des réglementations relatives aux essais cliniques s’impose
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This brief discusses the existing obstacles in developing international clinical trials that are critical to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. It provides information on relevant adaptations of regulatory requirements for clinical trials, intended to accelerate the processes, and highlights the need to harmonise further these regulations between national regulatory authorities. To this end, this brief describes the existing OECD Recommendation on the Governance of Clinical Trials issued in 2012 and how its implementation could greatly facilitate and streamline the registration and conduct of international clinical trials.
    DOI: 10.1787/732e1c5c-en
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  • 56
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    COVID-19: Protecting people and societies (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe COVID-19: Proteger a las personas y las sociedades
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: In only a few weeks, COVID-19 has profoundly changed our lives, causing tremendous human suffering and challenging the most basic foundations of societal well-being. Beyond the immediate impacts on health, jobs and incomes, the epidemic is increasing people’s anxiety and worry, affecting their social relations, their trust in other people and in institutions, their personal security and sense of belonging. The short and medium-term impacts of COVID-19 will be particularly severe for the most disadvantaged and risk compounding existing socio-economic divides. This policy brief looks at the broad range of effects that COVID-19 will have on different aspects of people’s lives, with a focus on specific population groups such as children, women and the elderly. It calls for rapid and decisive action by governments in order to support the most vulnerable people highlighting the importance of a broad and coordinated policy response that includes strengthened social protection, education, health care, housing support and specific interventions to enhance personal security of women and children, as well as actions supporting vulnerable workers, small businesses, communities and regions left behind.
    DOI: 10.1787/e5c9de1a-en
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  • 57
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    コロナウイルス危機との闘いの前線にいる女性たち (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.)
    Series Statement: 新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)へのOECD政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Women at the core of the fight against COVID-19 crisis
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: コロナウイルスのパンデミックは、健康、社会的幸福、経済的豊かさを世界的に傷つけており、その被害の中心にいるのが女性である。何よりも看護にあたっているのは女性である。医療従事者のほぼ70％は女性で、彼女らは感染のリスクにより多く晒されている。
    DOI: 10.1787/51b485d5-ja
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  • 58
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    Green budgeting and tax policy tools to support a green recovery (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe グリーン・リカバリーのためのグリーン予算編成と租税政策ツール
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation
    Abstract: Recovery from the social and economic disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic will require concerted policy action. As countries consider recovery packages, there are opportunities to prioritise green policy choices that help promote environmental objectives and speed up structural change towards the low-carbon transition, increasing society’s resilience to future shocks and reducing future risks. This policy brief focuses on practical ways in which countries can use green budgeting and tax policy tools to implement stimulus packages that support a green recovery, and the inter-linked role of both tax and spend measures in aligning stimulus programmes with decarbonisation objectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/bd02ea23-en
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  • 59
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    COVID-19 and key workers: What role do migrants play in your region? (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe COVID-19 et travailleurs essentiels : Quel rôle jouent les immigrés dans votre région ?
    Keywords: Arbeitsmigranten ; Coronavirus ; EU-Staaten ; Europa ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: During COVID-19 lockdowns it became visible that migrants are often important in sectors that are crucial for the functioning of everyday life. Informed by this experience, this note provides an assessment of the role of foreign-born workers in essential services (referred to as migrant key workers) at regional level for 31 European countries. It examines the share of migrant key workers in regional labour markets, their importance in jobs with different skill requirements, and differences between EU and non-EU migrants. Migrants play a crucial role in health care, where 23% of doctors and 14% of nurses are foreign-born. In cities such as London or Brussels, around half of all doctors and nurses are migrants. Overall, capital regions have the highest share of migrant key workers (20%). Similarly, cities rely more on migrant key workers than other areas, especially in low-skilled occupations where migrants make up 25% of workers.
    DOI: 10.1787/42847cb9-en
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  • 60
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    Accroître la résilience face à la pandémie de COVID-19 : le rôle des centres de gouvernement (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Building resilience to the Covid-19 pandemic: the role of centres of government
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Les centres de gouvernement ont joué un rôle important dans la gestion de la crise provoquée par la pandémie de COVID-19. Ce document évoque les dispositifs institutionnels de haut niveau adoptés par les gouvernements pour gérer la réponse des pouvoirs publics face à la pandémie, en mettant l’accent sur le rôle moteur ou d’appui joué par les centres de gouvernement dans trois grands domaines : la coordination et la planification stratégique, le recours aux éléments probants pour fonder la prise de décision et la communication menée auprès de la population au sujet des décisions adoptées. À l’heure où les pouvoirs publics doivent faire face à des défis sans précédent sur le plan de la gouvernance, la pandémie a mis en évidence des failles dans la coordination des administrations et dans le recours aux éléments probants qui ont un retentissement direct sur la nature et la qualité des mesures adoptées face à la crise et à ses retombées. Dans ce contexte, les autorités ont adopté un certain nombre de solutions agiles, mais aussi improvisées, qu’il faudra évaluer une fois que le pire sera passé.
    DOI: 10.1787/7c177686-fr
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  • 61
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    COVID-19: Proteger a las personas y las sociedades (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.)
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe COVID-19: Protecting people and societies
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Los impactos de COVID-19 en el corto y el mediano plazos serán especialmente serios para los más desfavorecidos y plantean el riesgo de agravar las divisiones socioeconómicas actuales. En esta nota sobre políticas se analiza la amplia gama de efectos que COVID-19 causará en diferentes aspectos de la vida de las personas, haciendo hincapié en grupos de población específicos como niños, mujeres y ancianos. Aquí se convoca a la acción rápida y decisiva de los gobiernos para apoyar a los seres humanos más vulnerables, y se destaca la importancia de brindar una respuesta política amplia y coordinada que incluya el reforzamiento de la protección social, la educación, la atención de la salud, el apoyo a la vivienda e intervenciones concretas para mejorar la seguridad personal de las mujeres y los niños, así como acciones de apoyo a trabajadores vulnerables, pequeñas empresas, comunidades y regiones rezagadas.
    DOI: 10.1787/56ebae97-es
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  • 62
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    The impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) and the global oil price shock on the fiscal position of oil-exporting developing countries (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Ölpreis ; Schock ; Öffentliche Finanzen ; Wirkungsanalyse ; OPEC-Staaten ; Entwicklungsländer ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: The double blow of coronavirus (COVID-19) and the oil price shock is hitting oil-exporting developing countries particularly hard, at a time when the fossil fuel industry is facing a process of structural decline. Although some countries might weather the current crisis on the back of sovereign wealth funds or relatively low public debt levels, this will not be the case for the majority of fragile oil-exporting countries, many of which are resource dependent and were already grappling with high levels of debt and multifaceted economic and social fragility before the present crisis. Oil-exporting developing countries have experienced an increased reliance on short-term and expensive non-concessional private borrowing in recent years, a significant proportion of which is backed by oil collateral. Some countries may find themselves entering a spiral of unsustainable borrowing on the back of the current turmoil. A timely and coherent response is needed, encompassing both concessional lenders and private financiers, to create fiscal space, reduce the risks of unsustainable debt, corruption and illicit financial flows, and catalyse a transition to a cleaner and more sustainable future
    DOI: 10.1787/8bafbd95-en
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  • 63
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    Les mesures adoptées par les villes face au COVID-19 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Respuestas políticas de las ciudades al COVID-19
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 新型コロナウィルス（COVID-19）への都市の政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cities policy responses
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Políticas de reposta das cidades
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Cette mise à jour de la version publiée le 27 mars dernier étoffe les exemples de mesures prises par les villes pour faire face à la pandémie de COVID-19, et propose une analyse des problématiques liées à l’impact économique, la densité, la résilience et la collaboration avec les administrations nationales. Cette note contient également de nouvelles informations sur les mesures de déconfinement progressif appliquées par les villes, et sur les enseignements tirés en termes de densité, de mobilité et de transformation numérique. Enfin, elle propose des orientations sur les actions à mettre en œuvre pour construire des villes meilleures, en s’appuyant sur les travaux menés antérieurement sur la résilience urbaine.
    DOI: 10.1787/aebdbf1c-fr
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  • 64
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    Mobilising Evidence for Good Governance : Taking Stock of Principles and Standards for Policy Design, Implementation and Evaluation (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264851382
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (153 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Keywords: Good Governance ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Governments are seeking to improve evidence-based policy making as well as trust in decision-making processes. This report offers a first global mapping of principles for the good governance of evidence in policy making, as well as standards of evidence from a significant range of OECD countries and international research bodies. Reflecting both the nature of existing practices and the various facets that contribute to quality evidence, the report takes stock of the full range of considerations involved in providing evidence across the policy cycle when designing public sector interventions, especially in the social policy area. The report also represents a first step in identifying and developing guidance at the international level in the area of evidence and evaluation.
    DOI: 10.1787/3f6f736b-en
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  • 65
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    Qu'ont fait les plateformes pour protéger les travailleurs pendant la crise du coronavirus (COVID-19) ? (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe What have platforms done to protect workers during the coronavirus (COVID 19) crisis?
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: La pandémie du COVID‑19 pose deux risques majeurs pour les travailleurs des plateformes : l’exposition au virus et la perte de revenu. Ces risques sont aggravés par un accès généralement moindre aux prestations par rapport aux individus occupant un emploi classique. La présente note examine les mesures prises par les entreprises des plateformes pour protéger la santé et les revenus des travailleurs qui les ont utilisées pendant la pandémie, et rend compte des points de vue des travailleurs des plateformes sur le caractère satisfaisant de ces mesures.
    DOI: 10.1787/9cc1e75d-fr
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  • 66
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    Combatting COVID-19's effect on children (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Combatir el efecto de COVID-19 en los niños
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)が子供に与える影響に対処する
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is harming health, social and material well-being of children worldwide, with the poorest children, including homeless children and children in detention, hit hardest. School closures, social distancing and confinement increase the risk of poor nutrition among children, their exposure to domestic violence, increase their anxiety and stress, and reduce access to vital family and care services. Widespread digitalisation mitigates the education loss caused by school-closures, but the poorest children are least likely to live in good home-learning environments with internet connection. Furthermore, increased unsupervised on-line internet use has magnified issues around sexual exploitation and cyber-bullying. Immediate government measures need to ensure that children have access to good food, receive protection against child abuse and neglect, have continued access to child physical and mental health services, and can navigate safely on the internet. Policies also need to support parental employment since it is key to fighting child poverty.
    DOI: 10.1787/2e1f3b2f-en
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  • 67
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    Rebuilding tourism for the future: COVID-19 policy responses and recovery (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Reconstruire le tourisme de demain : réponses des pouvoirs publics au COVID-19 et reprise
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Tourismuswirtschaft ; Tourismuspolitik ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The outlook for the tourism sector remains highly uncertain. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic continues to hit hard, with international tourism expected to decrease by around 80% in 2020. Domestic tourism is helping to soften the blow, at least partially, and governments have taken impressive immediate action to restore and re-activate the sector, while protecting jobs and businesses. Many countries are also now developing measures to build a more resilient tourism economy post COVID-19. These include preparing plans to support the sustainable recovery of tourism, promoting the digital transition and move to a greener tourism system, and rethinking tourism for the future. Rebuilding tourism for the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/bced9859-en
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  • 68
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    The impact of COVID-19 on student equity and inclusion: Supporting vulnerable students during school closures and school re-openings (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Allgemeinbildende Schule ; Bildungschancen ; Schüler ; Coronavirus ; Schulbesuch ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: A holistic approach to education – that addresses students’ learning, social and emotional needs – is crucial, especially in times of crisis. School closures related to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic mean that students from diverse backgrounds who are more at risk of increased vulnerability are less likely to receive the support and extra services they need, and the gap between students that experience additional barriers and that do not might widen. Closures can also have considerable effects on students’ sense of belonging to schools and their feelings of self-worth – these are key for inclusion in education. This Policy Brief describes OECD Member Countries’ initiatives to address the different needs of vulnerable students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Beyond school closures, it also examines the issue of school re-openings by presenting countries’ current measures and providing policy pointers aimed to ensure that the pandemic does not further hinder the inclusion of vulnerable students in education systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/d593b5c8-en
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  • 69
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    Supporting people and companies to deal with the COVID-19 virus: Options for an immediate employment and social-policy response (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Apoio às pessoas e empresas para lidar com o vírus COVID-19: opções de respostas imediatas para o emprego e as políticas sociais
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Apoyar a las personas y las empresas para combatir el COVID-19: opciones para una respuesta inmediata en materia de empleo y política social
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The unfolding COVID-19 crisis is challenging people, households and firms in unprecedented ways. Many affected countries introduced or announced bold measures over the last days and weeks, often with a focus on supporting the most vulnerable who are bearing a disproportionate share of the burden. This note, and the accompanying policy table, contributes to evidence-sharing on the role and effectiveness of various policy tools.
    DOI: 10.1787/d33dffe6-en
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  • 70
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    The territorial impact of COVID-19: Managing the crisis across levels of government (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (94 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Impacto territorial de la COVID-19: gestionar la crisis en todos los niveles de gobierno
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L’Impact territorial du Covid-19 : Gérer la crise entre niveaux de gouvernement
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: COVID-19 has governments at all levels operating in a context of radical uncertainty. The regional and local impact of the COVID-19 crisis is highly heterogeneous, with significant implications for crisis management and policy responses. This paper takes an in-depth look at the territorial impact of the COVID-19 crisis in its different dimensions: health, economic, social and fiscal. It provides examples of responses by national and subnational governments to help mitigate the territorial effects of the crisis, and offers ten takeaways on managing COVID-19’s territorial impact. Finally, the paper offers a forward looking perspective to discuss the crisis’ implications for multi-level governance as well as points for policy-makers to consider as they build more resilient regions.
    DOI: 10.1787/d3e314e1-en
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  • 71
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    Biodiversité et réponse économique au COVID 19 : assurer une reprise verte et résiliente (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Biodiversity and the economic response to COVID-19: Ensuring a green and resilient recovery
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Cette synthèse met l’accent sur le rôle vital de la biodiversité pour la vie humaine, et sur la nécessité d’intégrer les considérations relatives à la biodiversité à la reprise au sortir de la crise du COVID‑19. Elle commence par souligner que l’appauvrissement de la biodiversité fait partie des principaux facteurs d’émergence des maladies infectieuses, et qu’il fait courir de plus en plus de risques aux entreprises, à la société et à l’économie mondiale. L’investissement dans la préservation, l’utilisation durable et la restauration de la biodiversité peut aider à faire face à ces risques, tout en créant des emplois, des opportunités commerciales et d’autres avantages pour la société. Cette synthèse indique ensuite comment les gouvernements prennent en compte la biodiversité dans leurs mesures de relance et leurs plans de redressement, en mettant en lumière les tendances et les bonnes pratiques. Pour conclure, elle présente des recommandations d’action visant à améliorer la prise en compte de la biodiversité dans les mesures de relance et les efforts de redressement plus généraux face à la crise du COVID‑19.
    DOI: 10.1787/0c20417e-fr
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  • 72
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    新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)が子供に与える影響に対処する (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.)
    Series Statement: 新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)へのOECD政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Combatir el efecto de COVID-19 en los niños
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Combatting COVID-19's effect on children
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: 新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)のパンデミックは、世界の子供の健康面、社会面、経済面の健全性を脅かしている。ホームレスや施設に入所している子供など、最貧困層の子供への影響が最も深刻である。学校閉鎖、ソーシャルディスタンシング、外出禁止によって、子供が栄養不足になったり、家庭内暴力にさらされたりするリスクと、不安やストレスが高まり、必要不可欠な家族支援や養護サービスが受けにくくなっている.
    DOI: 10.1787/8df48f29-ja
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  • 73
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    COVID‑19 dans la région MENA : impact sur les inégalités de genre et réponses apportées en soutien aux femmes (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe COVID-19 crisis in the MENA region: impact on gender equality and policy responses
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Cette note dresse un état des conséquences de la pandémie du COVID-19 sur les inégalités entre les hommes et les femmes dans la région MENA; il recense les mesures et les initiatives prises dans ce domaine par les gouvernements, le secteur privé et la société civile pour atténuer l’impact de la crise sur les femmes. Il montre que la crise du COVID-19 est unmoment décisif pour l’affirmation de l’égalité femmes-hommes dans la région MENA, et une opportunité de repenser le rôle des femmes dans l’économie et la société. La reprise économique de la région sur le long terme dépendra de sa capacité à mobiliser pleinement le potentiel des femmes comme des hommes qui y vivent.
    DOI: 10.1787/f7da7585-fr
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  • 74
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    Learning remotely when schools close: How well are students and schools prepared? Insights from PISA (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 学校閉鎖期間のリモート学習に対する生徒と学校の備え：PISA調査結果より
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Aprender a distancia cuando las escuelas cierran: ¿Cuán bien están preparados los estudiantes y las escuelas? Enseñanzas de PISA
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: As school after school shuts down in the face of the Covid-19 crisis (in now more than 140 countries), online learning opportunities have been elevated from a bonus extracurricular facility to a critical lifeline for education.
    DOI: 10.1787/3bfda1f7-en
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  • 75
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    Youth and COVID-19: Response, recovery and resilience (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 若者と新型コロナウイルス感染症: 対策、復興と危機対応能力
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The COVID-19 global health emergency and its economic and social impacts have disrupted nearly all aspects of life for all groups in society. People of different ages, however, are experiencing its effects in different ways. Based on survey findings from 90 youth organisations from 48 countries, this policy brief outlines practical measures governments can take to design inclusive and fair recovery measures that leave no one behind.
    DOI: 10.1787/c40e61c6-en
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  • 76
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    How reliable are social safety nets? : Value and accessibility in situations of acute economic need (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.252
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Czech Republic ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Italy ; Korea, Republic of ; Slovak Republic ; Spain ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Social protection systems use a range of entitlement criteria. First-tier support typically requires contributions or past employment in many countries, while safety net benefits are granted on the basis of need. In a context of volatile and uncertain labour markets, careful and continuous monitoring of the effectiveness of income support is a key input into an evidence-based policy process. This paper proposes a novel empirical method for monitoring the accessibility and levels of safety net benefits. It focusses on minimum-income benefits (MIB) and other non-contributory transfers and relies on data on the amounts of cash support that individuals in need receive in practice. Results show that accessibility and benefit levels differ enormously across countries – for instance, in 2015/16, more than four out of five low-income workless one-person households received MIB in Australia, France and the United Kingdom, compared to only one in five in Greece, Italy and Korea, three countries that have since sought to strengthen aspects of safety-net provisions.
    DOI: 10.1787/65a269a3-en
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  • 77
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    新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)のパンデミックが移民とその子どもたちに与える影響 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.)
    Series Statement: 新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)へのOECD政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe What is the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immigrants and their children?
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: 過去の経済危機の経験に加え、現在のコロナ危機の初期に労働市場および社会に生じた帰結は、新型コロナウイルスによる危機が移民とその子どもたちに不当に大きな影響を与える可能性が高いことを示している。本稿は、パンデミックが健康、仕事、教育、語学訓練やその他社会統合策、そして世論の面で、移民やその子どもたちにどのような影響を与えたかを示す初めての実証を提供しており、受入国の政策対応についても記載している。本稿は、移民管理に関する2020年6月の論文の補足である (OECD, 2020)。
    DOI: 10.1787/1d38a438-ja
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  • 78
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    学校閉鎖期間のリモート学習に対する生徒と学校の備え：PISA調査結果より (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Series Statement: 新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)へのOECD政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Aprender a distancia cuando las escuelas cierran: ¿Cuán bien están preparados los estudiantes y las escuelas? Enseñanzas de PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Learning remotely when schools close: How well are students and schools prepared? Insights from PISA
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: コロナウイルス危機により学校が次々と閉鎖される中（2020年3月末時点で140か国以上）、オンライン学習の機会の地位が教科課程外のおまけから、教育にとって必須のライフラインへと上昇している。
    DOI: 10.1787/909dfe0c-ja
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  • 79
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    Social partnership in the times of the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Parceria Social nos tempos da Pandemia COVID-19
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Sozialpartner ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic and the social distancing measures taken in response raise the prospect of a steep downturn for numerous economies. A key concern is to prevent this initial shock from turning into an even deeper and prolonged recession. This brief stresses that social dialogue has the capacity to help. For example by shaping compromises whereby employers maintain jobs, workers accept shorter working hours while governments provide compensation, social dialogue functions as a crisis “circuit breaker”. Social dialogue can do so because it has both the capacity to coordinate different actors and because it tends to build trust. The brief illustrates this by referring to several recent cases where social partners, in collaboration with government, have quickly stepped up to the challenge by expanding short time work systems. The Global Deal partnership is pleased to offer its initial contribution to the struggle to address the COVID-19 crisis in the form of this short brief and the best practice examples of social dialogue that it showcases.
    DOI: 10.1787/c9fb0c9d-en
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  • 80
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    COVID-19 et travailleurs essentiels : Quel rôle jouent les immigrés dans votre région ? (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe COVID-19 and key workers: What role do migrants play in your region?
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Les périodes de confinement dues à la crise du COVID-19 ont mis en évidence la place importante qu’occupent souvent les immigrés dans les secteurs qui sont essentiels au bon fonctionnement de notre vie quotidienne. S’appuyant sur cette expérience, la présente note évalue dans 31 pays européens le rôle que jouent à l’échelon régional les travailleurs nés à l’étranger dans les services essentiels (appelés les travailleurs essentiels issus de l’immigration). Elle examine leur part dans les marchés du travail régionaux, leur importance dans les emplois exigeant des qualifications différentes, et les écarts selon qu’ils sont originaires ou non de l’UE. Les travailleurs immigrés contribuent grandement au secteur de la santé, 23 % des médecins et 14 % du personnel infirmier étant nés à l’étranger. Dans les métropoles comme Londres ou Bruxelles, près de la moitié du personnel médical et infirmier est issue de l’immigration. Dans l’ensemble, les régions des capitales affichent la part la plus élevée de travailleurs essentiels issus de l’immigration (20 %). De la même façon, les grandes agglomérations font davantage appel à cette catégorie de la main-d'oeuvre que d’autres territoires, notamment dans les professions peu qualifiées, où la part des travailleurs immigrés s’élève à 25 %.
    DOI: 10.1787/c3e86dd1-fr
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  • 81
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    Women at the core of the fight against COVID-19 crisis (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe コロナウイルス危機との闘いの前線にいる女性たち
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is harming health, social and economic well-being worldwide, with women at the centre. First and foremost, women are leading the health response: women make up almost 70% of the health care workforce, exposing them to a greater risk of infection. At the same time, women are also shouldering much of the burden at home, given school and child care facility closures and longstanding gender inequalities in unpaid work. Women also face high risks of job and income loss, and face increased risks of violence, exploitation, abuse or harassment during times of crisis and quarantine. Policy responses must be immediate, and they must account for women’s concerns. Governments should consider adopting emergency measures to help parents manage work and caring responsibilities, reinforcing and extending income support measures, expanding support for small businesses and the self-employed, and improving measure to help women victims of violence. Fundamentally, all policy responses to the crisis must embed a gender lens and account for women’s unique needs, responsibilities and perspectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/553a8269-en
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  • 82
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    Dépistage du COVID-19 : Comment utiliser au mieux les différents tests ? (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Testing for COVID-19: How to best use the various tests?
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Même avec les récentes nouvelles prometteuses sur le développement de vaccins, une stratégie de dépistage, suivi, traçage et isolement (PSTI) rapide et à grande échelle continue d'être essentielle dans la réponse des politiques de santé publique à la pandémie de COVID‑19. Cette note met à jour une note antérieure de l'OCDE sur ces stratégies, à la lumière des développements récents des technologies de dépistage. Les tests moléculaires, et en particulier par RT-PCR, demeurent la référence pour identifier les infections car ils sont très fiables. Mais les contraintes de capacité et le coût relativement élevé de la RT-PCR limitent son utilisation à grande échelle. Les tests antigéniques rapides, plus récents, offrent l'avantage de produire des résultats beaucoup plus rapidement. Ils sont également moins chers, plus simples à utiliser et peuvent être réalisés au point d’accès, permettant ainsi leur utilisation à très grande échelle. Cependant, ils sont moins fiables que les tests moléculaires. Pour atteindre leurs objectifs, les stratégies de dépistage peuvent combiner différentes technologies et les utiliser de manière complémentaire, en tenant compte de leurs atouts et limites respectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/1850e93e-fr
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  • 83
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    Supporting livelihoods during the COVID-19 crisis: Closing the gaps in safety nets (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe コロナウイルス危機下の生活支援：セーフティネットの不足を補う
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This policy brief discusses the measures countries have taken to support the livelihoods of those who cannot access unemployment benefits or short-term work schemes. It examines the raft of new programmes introduced across the OECD and beyond, including means-tested assistance, new cash transfer schemes, and direct support for those struggling to meet their expenses. It also discusses how to close social protection gaps beyond the crisis to ensure inclusive growth post-COVID-19.
    DOI: 10.1787/17cbb92d-en
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  • 84
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    Jóvenes ante el COVID-19: Respuestas, recuperación y resiliencia (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 若者と新型コロナウイルス感染症: 対策、復興と危機対応能力
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Youth and COVID-19: Response, recovery and resilience
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les jeunes et le COVID-19 : Réponses, relance et résilience
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Governance
    Abstract: La situación de emergencia sanitaria global generada por el virus COVID-19, así como sus consecuencias económicas y sociales, han provocado disrupciones en casi todos los aspectos de la vida de todos los grupos sociales. Sin embargo, cada parte de la población se ha enfrentado a los efectos de esta de manera diferente dependiendo del grupo de edad al cual pertenece. Para los jóvenes, y en particular aquellos más vulnerables, la crisis provocada por el COVID-19 presenta riesgos considerables en las áreas de educación, empleo, salud mental e ingresos disponibles. Además, mientras que los jóvenes y generaciones venideras asumirán la mayoría de las consecuencias económicas y sociales de la crisis a largo plazo, su bienestar podría verse afectado por consideraciones de orden económico o de equidad a corto plazo. A fin de evitar exacerbar las desigualdades entre generaciones, y para involucrar a los jóvenes en generar más resiliencia social, los gobiernos deberán anticipar el impacto que las medidas de mitigación y recuperación de la crisis tendrán sobre los diferentes grupos de edad, a través de la aplicación de mecanismos de gobernanza eficaces. Basado en los hallazgos de una encuesta realizada a 90 organizaciones juveniles en 48 países, este documento describe un número de iniciativas concretas que los gobiernos puedan emplear para conceptualizar políticas de recuperación inclusivas y equitativas que sean justas para todos..
    DOI: 10.1787/de76e3aa-es
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  • 85
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    Decarbonising Urban Mobility with Land Use and Transport Policies : The Case of Auckland, New Zealand (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264700772 , 9789264700697 , 9789264955431
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Decarbonising urban mobility with land use and transport policies
    Keywords: Kommunale Verkehrspolitik ; Städtische Flächennutzung ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Auckland ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; New Zealand ; Auckland ; Flächennutzung ; Verkehrsberuhigung ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: The report presents an in-depth analysis of various policies that aim to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of urban transport. Decarbonising transport lies at the core of efforts to mitigate climate change and has close links to urban sustainability and housing affordability. The report identifies the drivers of rising emissions in the urban transport sector and offers pathways to reduce them through a combination of transport and land use policies. The analysis yields a holistic welfare evaluation of these policies, assessing them according to their environmental effectiveness, their economic efficiency and their impact on fiscal balance and housing affordability. The report concludes that significant reductions in emissions from urban transport can be achieved through a careful alignment of transport policies designed to promote the use of public transit and electric vehicles, and land use policies, which foster a more compact urban form. The study is based on the case of Auckland, New Zealand but the lessons drawn are relevant for institutions and governments working on issues relating to urban sustainability, transport, housing and climate change mitigation.
    DOI: 10.1787/095848a3-en
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  • 86
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    Waiting Times for Health Services : Next in Line (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264790834 , 9789264373532 , 9789264989047
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Waiting times for health services
    Keywords: Gesundheitsversorgung ; Wartezeit ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Medizinische Versorgung ; Wartezeit
    Abstract: Long waiting times for health services is an important policy issue in most OECD countries. Reducing the time that people have to wait to get a consultation with a general practitioner, or a diagnostic test or treatment, can go a long way in improving patient experience and avoiding possible deterioration in their health. Governments in many countries have taken various measures to reduce waiting times, often supported by additional funding, with mixed success. This report looks at how waiting times for elective treatment, which is usually the longest wait, have stalled over the past decade in many countries, and have started to rise again in some others. It also analyses the differences in how long people have to wait to get a consultation with general practitioners or specialists across countries. The report reviews a range of policies that countries have used to tackle waiting times for different services, including elective surgery and primary care consultations, but also cancer care and mental health services, with a focus on identifying the most successful ones.
    DOI: 10.1787/242e3c8c-en
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  • 87
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    OECD Reviews of Pension Systems: Czech Republic (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264806443
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Pension Systems
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This review provides policy recommendations on how to improve the Czech pension system, building on the OECD’s best practices in pension design. It details the Czech pension system and identifies its strengths and weaknesses based on cross-country comparisons. The Czech pension system consists of a mandatory pay-as-you-go public scheme and a voluntary private scheme. The public defined-benefit scheme has two main components: a contribution-based basic pension and an earnings-related pension. The review also describes the first layer of old-age social protection in the Czech Republic. The OECD Reviews of Pension Systems: Czech Republic is the sixth in the pension review series.
    DOI: 10.1787/e6387738-en
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  • 88
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    Jenseits des BIP : Was bei der wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Entwicklung wirklich zählt (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264587571 , 9789264490208 , 9789264483378
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (165 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Poza PKB. Mierzmy To Co Ma Znaczenie Dla Rozwoju Społeczno Gospodarczego
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Beyond GDP: Measuring What Counts for Economic and Social Performance
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Das BIP ist zwar der bekannteste und gebräuchlichste Wirtschaftsindikator, es kann aber nicht über alle relevanten Aspekte der wirtschaftlichen Leistung und des sozialen Fortschritts Auskunft geben. Dieser Band zeigt, dass das BIP als alleiniger Maßstab für die wirtschaftliche Leistung irreführend ist: Es ist der Fokussierung auf diese Kennzahl zuzuschreiben, dass die Politikverantwortlichen die Krise von 2008 nicht kommen sahen und ihre wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Folgen nicht richtig beurteilten. Die Co-Vorsitzenden der der OECD angegliederten Hochrangigen Sachverständigengruppe zur Messung von wirtschaftlicher Leistung und sozialem Fortschritt – Joseph E. Stiglitz, Jean-Paul Fitoussi und Martine Durand – argumentieren, dass wir Indikatoren-Dashboards entwickeln müssen, die abbilden, was wirklich zählt: Wer vom Wachstum profitiert, ob dieses Wachstum ökologisch nachhaltig ist, wie die Menschen ihr Leben empfinden und welche Faktoren für den Erfolg eines Menschen oder eines Landes ausschlaggebend sind. Diese Dashboards werden den Politikverantwortlichen helfen, die richtigen Entscheidungen für die Bevölkerung, das Land und die Welt zu treffen. Die Publikation beleuchtet darüber hinaus auch die Fortschritte, die in den letzten zehn Jahren im Hinblick auf die Erhebung von Daten zu Wohlstand und Lebensqualität und ihre Berücksichtigung bei der Politikgestaltung erzielt wurden. In einem Begleitband – For Good Measure: Advancing Research on Well-being Metrics Beyond GDP – präsentieren einige Mitglieder der Hochrangigen Sachverständigengruppe gemeinsam mit Co-Autoren, bei denen es sich um führende Wirtschaftswissenschaftler, Politikwissenschaftler, Psychologen und Statistiker handelt, ihre neuesten Forschungsergebnisse in ausgewählten Teilbereichen der umfassenden Agenda zur Definition und Messung von Wohlstand.
    DOI: 10.1787/80cca758-de
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  • 89
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    OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2020 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264740440 , 9789264367135 , 9789264392335
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (316 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2020 examines trends and analyses emerging opportunities and challenges in the digital economy. It highlights how OECD countries and partner economies are taking advantage of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and the Internet to meet their public policy objectives. Through comparative evidence, it informs policy makers of regulatory practices and policy options to help maximise the potential of the digital economy as a driver for innovation and inclusive growth. This third edition of the OECD Digital Economy Outlook provides a holistic overview of converging trends, policy developments and data on both the supply and demand sides of the digital economy. It illustrates how the digital transformation is affecting economies and societies. Finally, it provides a special focus on how the COVID-19 pandemic is amplifying opportunities and challenges from the digital transformation.
    DOI: 10.1787/bb167041-en
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  • 90
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    تغيير القوانين وكسر الحواجز من أجل تحقيق التمكين الاقتصادي للمرأة في مصر والأردن والمغرب وتونس (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264884847
    Language: Arabic
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (258 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Changer les lois et éliminer les obstacles à l’autonomisation économique des femmes : Égypte, Jordanie, Maroc et Tunisie
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Changing Laws and Breaking Barriers for Women’s Economic Empowerment in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Egypt ; Jordan ; Morocco ; Tunisia
    Abstract: في الوقت الذي تتطلع فيه العديد من بلدان منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال إفريقيا إلى تسريع وتيرة النمو الاقتصادي وبناء مجتمعات أكثر استقرارًا وانفتاحًا، يشير هذا التقرير إلى أن المزيد من التمكين الاقتصادي للمرأة هو أحد المفاتيح لتحقيق ذلك. كما يؤكد أنه على الرغم من التحديات التي تواجه بعض البلدان لضمان المساواة للمرأة في الوصول إلى الفرص الاقتصادية، فإن التقدم يحدث حاليًا ويمكن تعزيزه بشكل أكبر من خلال تدابير سياساتية موجهة ومنسقة وشاملة للجميع. وبالبناء على استنتاجات تقرير رصد أول صدر في عام 2017، يحلل هذا التقرير الإصلاحات التشريعية والسياساتية والمؤسسية التي أجريت مؤخرًا لدعم التمكين الاقتصادي للمرأة في مصر والأردن والمغرب وتونس، كما يسعى إلى تحديد عوامل النجاح التي ساعدت على ترسيخ الإصلاح. وعلاوة على ذلك، يقدم التقرير أمثلة لتدابير قابلة للتنفيذ وأدوات عملية لمساعدة صانعي السياسات على تحويل السياسات إلى إجراءات وتدابير فعالة من أجل تحقيق التمكين الاقتصادي للمرأة.
    DOI: 10.1787/bf21c6de-ar
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  • 91
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    The structure of livestock trade in West Africa (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.)
    Series Statement: West African Papers no.29
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Benin ; Burkina Faso ; Cote d'Ivoire ; Gambia ; Ghana ; Guinea ; Guinea-Bissau ; Mali ; Mauritania ; Niger ; Nigeria ; Senegal ; Togo
    Abstract: This paper uses network analysis to map and characterise live animal trade in West Africa. Building on a database of 42 251 animal movements collected by the Permanent Inter-State Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS) from 2013-17, it describes the structure of regional livestock trade at the network, trade community and market levels. Despite yearly fluctuations in the volumes and spatial patterns of trade, the paper shows that regional livestock trade operates on well-established trade corridors as animals flow in specific directions. The study also confirms that livestock trade is structured around several national and cross-border groups of markets that exchange more animals than expected by chance. Close to two-thirds of all animals are shipped internationally, indicating that regional animal trade in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is remarkably cross-border. Finally, the paper finds that the hub markets that concentrate the most shipments also handle more animals and trade with more markets. Additionally, peripheral markets have more defined roles as primarily origins or destinations of animal shipments than markets in the core of the network. Of the nine key markets identified, three are close to borders, highlighting the importance of Nigeria as a livestock consumption destination for regional livestock production.
    DOI: 10.1787/f8c71341-en
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  • 92
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    The economics of patient safety Part III: Long-term care : Valuing safety for the long haul (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (101 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.121
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Long-term care (LTC) institutions are now providing care to a greater number of people, and more residents with chronic conditions and multiple co-morbidities, than ever before. Trends suggest this strain will continue to increase as OECD populations continue to age. The total cost of avoidable admissions to hospitals from LTC facilities in 2016 was almost USD 18 Billion, equivalent to 2.5% of all spending on hospital inpatient care or 4.4% of all spending on LTC. Research shows that over half of the harm that occurs in LTC is preventable, and over 40% of admissions to hospitals from LTC are avoidable. The root causes of these events can be addressed through improved prevention and safety practices and workforce development—including skill-mix and education. Targeted investments in a number of key areas can have a significant impact by mitigating the main cost drivers of adverse events in LTC.
    DOI: 10.1787/be07475c-en
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  • 93
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    Excess mortality : Measuring the direct and indirect impact of COVID-19 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.122
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Assessing the direct and indirect health impact of the COVID 19 pandemic is central in managing public health and other policy measures while learning to co-exist with the virus. Many countries are publishing statistics on COVID 19 related mortality. While the frequent and timely publication of such figures provides insights into the ongoing trends in a given country, differences in coding and reporting practices pose challenges for international comparisons. Looking at the number of total deaths can help to overcome some of these differences in national practices whilst also providing a better view of the overall impact of COVID 19, by taking into account not just the possible underreporting of COVID 19 deaths but also indirect mortality caused, for example, by health systems not being able to cope with other conditions – acute and chronic.
    DOI: 10.1787/c5dc0c50-en
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  • 94
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    Reconstruire le tourisme de demain : réponses des pouvoirs publics au COVID-19 et reprise (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Rebuilding tourism for the future: COVID-19 policy responses and recovery
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Les perspectives dans le secteur touristique demeurent très incertaines. La pandémie de coronavirus (COVID-19) continue de frapper durement ce secteur ; selon les prévisions, le tourisme international devrait diminuer d’environ 80 % en 2020. Le tourisme interne contribue à atténuer le choc, tout au moins partiellement, et les pouvoirs publics ont immédiatement pris des mesures remarquables pour aider et relancer le secteur tout en préservant les emplois et les entreprises. Bon nombre de pays s’emploient également à élaborer des mesures pour construire une économie touristique plus résiliente après la pandémie de COVID-19. Elles consistent notamment à préparer des plans de soutien durable à la reprise dans le secteur du tourisme, à encourager le virage du numérique et la transition vers un tourisme vert et à adapter le tourisme aux réalités futures.
    DOI: 10.1787/56639ffa-fr
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  • 95
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    Government financial management and reporting in times of crisis (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Finanzpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Finance ministries have been at the forefront of the response to the COVID-19 crisis, alongside other actors such as health ministries. They delivered substantial successive fiscal packages under considerable time and operational pressure, as speed was key to the success and effectiveness of government action on the economic, social and sanitary fronts. This brief provides an overview of how OECD countries’ financial management and reporting systems have coped and adapted to the demands and pressures brought about by the crisis in four main areas: 1) Funding COVID-19 spending; 2) Allocating resources to emergency policies; 3) Delivering emergency spending; 4) Enabling transparency and accountability. Finally, it draws a set of preliminary lessons to be considered by finance ministries.
    DOI: 10.1787/3f87c7d8-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 96
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    Respuestas políticas de las ciudades al COVID-19 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.)
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les mesures adoptées par les villes face au COVID-19
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 新型コロナウィルス（COVID-19）への都市の政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cities policy responses
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Políticas de reposta das cidades
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: La nota también incluye información nueva sobre cómo las ciudades están saliendo progresivamente del confinamiento y las lecciones aprendidas en términos de densidad, movilidad y digitalización.
    DOI: 10.1787/12646989-es
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  • 97
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    新型コロナウィルス（COVID-19）への都市の政策対応 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Series Statement: 新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)へのOECD政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les mesures adoptées par les villes face au COVID-19
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Respuestas políticas de las ciudades al COVID-19
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cities policy responses
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Políticas de reposta das cidades
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: この政策ノートは、経済協力開発機構（OECD）起業・中小企業・地域・都市局（CFE）が、OECD都市政策作業部会（WPURB）及び「包摂的な成長を実現するOECDチャンピオンメイヤーズ」と共同で作成した。3月27日及び5月13日に発行した旧版の更新版であり、新型コロナウイルス（COVID-19）に対応し、経済・社会危機から回復するために各都市がとった対策の事例を拡充したものである。経済的、社会的及び環境的な影響に関する問題の分析と、デジタル化、モビリティ、都市密度、都市設計及び協調的ガバナンスに関して得られた教訓、そして、都市のレジリエンス（強靭さ）に関するこれまでの取り組みを踏まえた、よりよい都市の再構築に向けた行動志向の指針を提示する。各都市から報告された短期・中期的対応は、i）ソーシャルディスタンシング、ii）職場と通勤、iii）社会的弱者、iv）自治体サービス提供、v）事業支援、vi）コミュニケーション・意識啓発・デジタルツールという6つのカテゴリーに分類している。また、各都市がどのようにしてロックダウン（都市封鎖）の段階的解除を図っているかについての最新情報も盛り込んでいる。追加資料Aには都市回復のための長期的な戦略についての詳しい情報、追加資料Bにはロックダウンとその解除の間の各都市の取り組みの一覧、追加資料Cには都市の対応の収集・知識と経験の共有の促進を目的とした各種機関や都市ネットワークによる取り組みをまとめている。
    DOI: 10.1787/9ef013f5-ja
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  • 98
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    Leitlinien zu den Verrechnungspreisfolgen der COVID-19-Pandemie (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Series Statement: Antworten der OECD auf das Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guidance on the transfer pricing implications of the COVID-19 pandemic
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guide sur les conséquences de la pandémie de COVID-19 en matière de prix de transfert
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation ; Economics
    Abstract: Als Antwort auf die COVID-19-Krise haben einige Steuerverwaltungen bereits innerstaatliche Leitlinien zu bestimmten Verrechnungspreisfolgen von COVID-19 veröffentlicht. Dies ist zwar ein wichtiger erster Schritt, um Erwartungen zu formulieren, Zusammenarbeit zu ermöglichen und für mehr Steuersicherheit zu sorgen; aufgrund der zweiseitigen Natur der Verrechnungspreise kann die Steuersicherheit in diesem Bereich jedoch nur mit einem gemeinsamen Ansatz erhöht werden. Dieses Dokument soll nun erläutern, wie der in den OECD-Verrechnungspreisleitlinien verankerte Fremdvergleichsgrundsatz auf die besonderen Sachverhalte und Herausforderungen anzuwenden ist, die sich aus der COVID-19-Pandemie ergeben. Dabei stehen vier Themen im Vordergrund: i) Vergleichbarkeitsanalyse, ii) Verluste und Aufteilung der COVID-19-spezifischen Kosten, iii) staatliche Hilfsprogramme und iv) Vorabverständigungen über die Verrechnungspreise (APA). Diese Leitlinien wurden von den 137 Mitgliedern des Inclusive Framework on BEPS von OECD und G20 erarbeitet und gebilligt. Einige Mitglieder des Inclusive Framework orientieren sich zwar am United Nations Practical Manual on Transfer Pricing for Developing Countries (2017), in Fällen, in denen das VN-Handbuch ähnliche Analyse- und Lösungsansätze vorsieht wie die OECD-Verrechnungspreisleitlinien, dürften sie jedoch auch für sie hilfreich sein.
    DOI: 10.1787/752115f6-de
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  • 99
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    Removing administrative barriers, improving regulatory delivery (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (27 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Coronavirus ; Öffentliche Verwaltung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This brief analyses how countries can achieve more effective, timely and sustainable responses to the COVID-19 crisis by taking into account regulatory barriers and compliance issues. Drawing upon previous work on administrative barriers and procedures as well as regulatory enforcement and inspections, the brief identifies several key regulatory aspects of the COVID-19 crisis response. These include: 1) facilitating the supply and availability of essential goods for crisis response, 2) reconciling privacy concerns with effectiveness for tracing and/or “track-and-trace” approaches, and 3) fostering and maintaining compliance with mitigation measures through targeted, proportionate enforcement and transparent communication. This brief discusses simplification and removal of disproportionate or non-risk-based barriers, as well as the importance of ensuring effective regulation of major risks, and achieving sustained compliance with key safety measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/6704c8a1-en
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  • 100
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    What have platforms done to protect workers during the coronavirus (COVID 19) crisis? (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Qu'ont fait les plateformes pour protéger les travailleurs pendant la crise du coronavirus (COVID-19) ?
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The COVID‑19 pandemic has posed two major risks to platform workers – exposure to the virus and income loss – compounded by the generally lower levels of access among platform workers to benefits compared with individuals in standard employment. This note examines the measures taken by platform companies to protect the health and the incomes of workers using their platforms during the pandemic, and captures the views of the platform workers regarding the adequacy of these measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/9d1c7aa2-en
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