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  • 1
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 2012 -
    DDC: 380
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Migration ; Minderheit
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 2012 -
    DDC: 380
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Migration ; Minderheit
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  • 3
    Book
    Book
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264307209 , 9789279981111 , 9789264307216 , 9789279981142
    Language: English
    Pages: 306 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Settling in 2018
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Migranten ; Soziale Integration ; EU-Staaten ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264304994
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (78 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estudios Económicos de la OCDE: Costa Rica 2018
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Surveys: Costa Rica 2018
    Keywords: Economics ; Costa Rica
    Abstract: Le Costa Rica se caractérise par un niveau élevé de bien-être et une croissance économique solide. Un accès quasiment universel à l'éducation, aux soins de santé et à la retraite a contribué à des niveaux élevés de satisfaction à l'égard de la vie. Cela a été favorisé par une expansion économique vigoureuse et la poursuite de la convergence vers les niveaux de vie des pays de l'OCDE. La pauvreté, les inégalités de revenu et les disparités entre hommes et femmes sont faibles pour un pays d'Amérique latine.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789264085107 , 9789264303683 , 9789264303676
    Language: English
    Pages: 100 p. , 21 x 28cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Care needed
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Alterskrankheit ; Pflegebedürftigkeit ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Across the OECD, nearly 19 million people are living with dementia. Millions of family members and friends provide care and support to loved ones with dementia throughout their lives. Globally, dementia costs over USD 1 trillion per year and represents one of the leading causes of disability for elderly adults. These numbers will continue to rise as populations age. Until a cure or disease-modifying treatment for dementia is developed, the progress of the disease cannot be stopped. This report presents the most up-to-date and comprehensive cross-country assessment of the state of dementia care in OECD countries. In recent years, OECD countries have enhanced their efforts to provide high-quality dementia care during diagnosis, early and advanced dementia, but improving measurement is necessary for enhancements in care quality and outcomes for people with dementia. The report advises a set of policies that can help countries to improve diagnosis, strengthen access to care services, improve the quality of care, and support the families and carers of people living with dementia. Measuring and comparing the services that are delivered to people with dementia and the outcomes they achieve is a crucial part of improving dementia care. Most health systems have very poor data on dementia care and countries should work to strengthen the measurement of quality and outcomes of dementia care.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2018, no. 1, p. 145-148 | volume:2018 | year:2018 | number:1 | pages:145-148
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2018, no. 1, p. 145-148
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:145-148
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2018, no. 1, p. 93-106 | volume:2018 | year:2018 | number:1 | pages:93-106
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2018, no. 1, p. 93-106
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:93-106
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: France Nuclear installations Lithuania General legislation, regulations and instruments Nuclear safety and radiological protection (including nuclear emergency planning) Nuclear installations Radioactive waste management Portugal General legislation, regulations and instruments Nuclear safety and radiological protection (including nuclear emergency planning) Radioactive waste management Slovenia Nuclear safety and radiological protection (including nuclear emergency planning) Switzerland Nuclear safety and radiological protection (including nuclear emergency planning) Radioactive waste management General legislation, regulations and instruments United States Nuclear installations General legislation, regulations and instruments
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2017, no. 1, p. 115-116 | volume:2017 | year:2017 | number:1 | pages:115-116
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2017, no. 1, p. 115-116
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2017
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2017
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:115-116
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2017, no. 1, p. 95-104 | volume:2017 | year:2017 | number:1 | pages:95-104
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (10 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2017, no. 1, p. 95-104
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2017
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2017
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:95-104
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: European Atomic Energy Community Non-legally binding instruments International relations International Atomic Energy Agency Convention on Nuclear Safety (CNS) Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management (Joint Convention) Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors (Code Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (CPPNM) and the CPPNM Amendment International Conference on Nuclear Security: Commitments and Actions Nuclear liability Legislative assistance activities OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Strategic Plan for 2017-2022 Argentina and Romania to become members of the Nuclear Energy Agency Latest updates regarding the Paris Convention The NEA and China’s National Energy Administration sign MOU to strengthen co-operation Stakeholder support and involvement essential to future of nuclear energy decision making Nuclear Law Committee meeting 2017 International Nuclear Law Essentials (INLE) course Regulatory and institutional framework for nuclear activities NEA publications of interest
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2017, no. 1, p. 105-112 | volume:2017 | year:2017 | number:1 | pages:105-112
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2017, no. 1, p. 105-112
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2017
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2017
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:105-112
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Belgium Act of 29 June 2014 amending the Act of 22 July 1985 on Third-Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy Belgium Act of 7 December 2016 amending the Act of 22 July 1985 on Third-Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2018, no. 1, p. 139-140 | volume:2018 | year:2018 | number:1 | pages:139-140
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2018, no. 1, p. 139-140
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:139-140
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: 23rd Nuclear Inter Jura Congress, November 2018 International Nuclear Law Association United Kingdom Conference
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2017, no. 1, p. 71-74 | volume:2017 | year:2017 | number:1 | pages:71-74
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2017, no. 1, p. 71-74
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2017
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2017
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:71-74
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: United States Virginia Uranium, Inc. v. Warren, 848 F.3d 590 (4th Cir. 2017) United States v. Energy Solutions, Inc.; Rockwell Holdco, Inc.; Andrews County Holdings, Inc.; and Waste Control Specialists, LLC. (D. Del. June 21, 2017) Cooper v. Tokyo Electric Power Company, No. 15-56426 (9th Cir. 2017)
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789264292659
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Implementing the OECD Principles on Water Governance
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Water and its improved governance are critical for economic growth, social inclusiveness and environmental sustainability. Three years after the adoption of the OECD Water Governance Principles, this report takes stock of their use and dissemination. It provides a water governance indicator framework and a set of evolving practices for bench-learning, building on lessons learned from different countries and contexts. Based on an extensive bottom up and multi-stakeholder process within the OECD Water Governance Initiative (WGI), these tools are conceived of as voluntary methodologies to be carried out at country, region, basin and/or city levels to improve water policies. The indicator framework is composed of a traffic light system based on 36 input and process indicators and a checklist with questions on a number of more specific governance conditions. The framework concludes with an action plan to help prioritise steps towards better design and implementation of water policies.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264300965 , 9789264300958 , 9789264303461
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : République tchèque 2018 (Version abrégée)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hodnocení politik životního prostředí OECD: Česká republika 2018
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: The Czech Republic has made progress in decoupling economic growth from freshwater abstractions, energy consumption, GHG and other air pollutants emissions. However, its strong industrial base and reliance on coal place the country among the most energy- and carbon-intensive in the OECD and air pollution is a serious health concern. Progressing towards sustainable development will require strengthening political commitment to a low-carbon economy and implementing more cost-effective environmental policies. This is the third Environmental Performance Review of the Czech Republic. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with special features on waste, materials management and circular economy and sustainable urban development.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264190122
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Projekt Gewinnverkürzung und Gewinnverlagerung
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Accroître l'efficacité des mécanismes de règlement des différends, Action 14 - Rapport final 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Making Dispute Resolution Mechanisms More Effective, Action 14 - 2015 Final Report: (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Making Dispute Resolution Mechanisms More Effective, Action 14 - 2015 Final Report
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hacer más efectivos los mecanismos de resolución de controversias, Acción 14 – Informe final 2015
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Die Verbesserung der Streitbeilegungsmechanismen ist ein zentraler Bestandteil der Arbeiten zu BEPS. Die unter Aktionspunkt 14 des BEPS-Projekts erarbeiteten Maßnahmen, die in diesem Bericht behandelt werden, sollen die Gefahr von Rechtsunsicherheiten und unbeabsichtigter Doppelbesteuerung auf ein Mindestmaß begrenzen. Dies erreichen sie, indem sie die einheitliche und ordnungsgemäße Umsetzung von Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen gewährleisten, einschließlich der wirksamen und zügigen Beilegung von Streitigkeiten über deren Auslegung oder Anwendung im Rahmen des Verständigungsverfahrens. Die Staaten haben wesentlichen Änderungen in ihrem Ansatz zur Streitbeilegung zugestimmt, u.a. mit einem Mindeststandard für die Beilegung abkommensbezogener Streitigkeiten. Sie haben sich zu dessen schneller Umsetzung sowie zur Gewährleistung einer wirksamen Implementierung durch Einrichtung eines stabilen Überwachungsmechanismus nach dem Peer-Review-Verfahren verpflichtet. Zudem hat sich eine große Gruppe von Staaten bereit erklärt, in ihren bilateralen Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen ein obligatorisches, verbindliches Schiedsverfahren vorzusehen, das die Beilegung abkommensbezogener Streitigkeiten innerhalb eines bestimmten Zeitrahmens gewährleistet.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264279001
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (208 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Revisiones de la OCDE sobre reforma regulatoria
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Regulatory Policy in Peru: Assembling the Framework for Regulatory Quality
    Keywords: Governance ; Peru
    Abstract: El Estudio de la OCDE de Política Regulatoria del Perú evalúa las políticas, instituciones y herramientas empleadas por el gobierno peruano para diseñar, implementar y aplicar regulaciones de alta calidad. Esto incluye políticas de simplificación administrativa, evaluación ex ante y ex post de las regulaciones, prácticas de consulta pública y la gobernanza de los reguladores independientes. El Estudio proporciona recomendaciones de política basadas en las mejores prácticas internacionales y revisión por pares para fortalecer la capacidad del gobierno para gestionar la política regulatoria.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264085299 , 9789264307162 , 9789264307179
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation, agricultural productivity and sustainability in China
    Keywords: Innovation ; Agrartechnik ; Umwelttechnik ; Agrarproduktion ; Produktivität ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; China ; Agriculture and Food ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: The expansion of agricultural production in China has been remarkable, but at the expense of the sustainable use of its natural resources. To counter this, as well as to face problems due to rising labour costs and a rapidly ageing rural population, agricultural production must concentrate on a smaller number of more productive farms. It is in this light that this report reviews recent policy developments to assess whether they have been conducive to productivity growth and environmental sustainability. It finds that the conditions for structural change and innovation at the farm level in China could be further improved by securing the long-term stability of land rights as well as reducing transaction costs. Greater policy coherence with agri-environmental policy objectives could also be achieved through stricter enforcement of environmental regulations. Finally, the agricultural innovation system could play a greater role by placing the focus on public agricultural R&D in areas such as the environment and resource conservation, and in other areas which do not attract much private sector investment.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264290365
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Korea (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Südkorea ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Korea, Republic of ; Südkorea
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Korea.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264306769
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Estudios de la OCDE sobre Gobernanza Pública
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Preventing Policy Capture: Integrity in Public Decision Making
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: La captura de políticas implica que las decisiones públicas sobre políticas son apartadas de manera sistemática o reiterada del interés público hacia un interés específico de un individuo o un grupo particular. Este informe expone cómo la "captura de políticas" puede exacerbar desigualdades y socavar los valores democráticos, el crecimiento económico y la confianza en el gobierno. Identifica los diferentes mecanismos y riesgos de captura de políticas, y proporciona una guía para los responsables de las políticas sobre cómo mitigar estos riesgos a través de cuatro estrategias complementarias: involucrar a los actores interesados con diversos intereses; garantizar la transparencia y el acceso a la información; promover la rendición de cuentas; e identificar y mitigar el riesgo de captura a través de políticas de integridad organizativa.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264311008 , 9789264311015 , 9789264304796
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (172 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.286
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: In the past several decades, there has been a substantial increase in the availability of in vitro test methods for evaluating chemical safety in an international regulatory context. To foster confidence in in vitro alternatives to animal testing, the test methods and conditions under which data are generated must adhere to defined standards to ensure resulting data are rigorous and reproducible. Good In vitro Method Practices (GIVIMP) for the development and implementation of in vitro methods for regulatory use in human safety assessment aims to help reduce the uncertainties in cell and tissue-based in vitro method derived chemical safety predictions. GIVIMP provides guidance for test method developers and end users of resulting data on key elementes of in vitro methods. GIVIMP tackles ten important aspects related to in vitro work: (1) Roles and responsibilities, (2) Quality considerations, (3) Facilities (4) Apparatus, material and reagents, (5) Test systems, (6) Test and reference/control items, (7) Standard operating procedures (SOPs), (8) Performance of the method, (9) Reporting of results, (10) Storage and retention of records and materials.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Title: Обзор системы социальной защиты Кыргызстана
    ISBN: 9789264305656
    Language: Russian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (195 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Social Protection System Review of Kyrgyzstan
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Kyrgyzstan
    Abstract: Социальная защита лежит в основе развития республики Кыргызстан и остается приоритетом государственной политики. В настоящее время пенсионное обеспечение пожилых людей является всеобщим, а для охвата широкого спектра рисков существует большое число накопительных и не накопительных программ. Кыргызстану удалось сохранить пособия, существовавшие в советское время, и при этом внедрить программы, необходимые для перехода к рыночной экономике. Однако серьезные финансовые трудности сократили охват этими новыми механизмами и ограничили их способность адаптироваться к таким проблемам, как бедность, повсеместная неформальная занятость и эмиграция. Обзор системы социальной защиты Кыргызстана выходит в то время, когда дисбаланс и раздробленность в системе обеспечения социальной защиты снижают эффективность и ставят под угрозу ее долгосрочную устойчивость. В настоящем обзоре предлагается системный подход к решению этих проблем в соответствии с обязательствами Правительства Кыргызстана по созданию согласованной и широкомасштабной системы социальной защиты. В нем содержится анализ как текущих проблемы, стоящих перед Кыргызстаном, так и проблем, с которыми ему предстоит столкнуться в будущем, а также возможностей их решения, посредством реализации существующих программ социальной защиты. Вместе с тем обзор рассматривает вопросы, связанные с обеспечением финансирования социальной защиты и существующей институциональной структурой данного сектора. В заключение предложена конкретная стратегия создания системы социальной защиты и определены шаги на пути оптимизации программ, являющихся ее основными компонентами.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Title: Обзоры систем здравоохранения: Казахстан 2018
    ISBN: 9789264292895
    Language: Russian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Reviews of Health Systems: Kazakhstan 2018
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Kazakhstan
    Abstract: За последние десятилетия Казахстан добился значительных успехов в сфере экономического развития. В политической повестке дня страны все большее внимание уделяется вопросам охраны здоровья. Это связано с реализацией ряда реформ, направленных на модернизацию системы здравоохранения и улучшение здоровья населения. В данном обзоре используются общепризнанные принципы и индикаторы для оценки как системы здравоохранения Казахстана в целом, так и системы первичной медико-санитарной помощи и больничного сектора. Данные, предоставленные Казахстаном, используются для сопоставления различных показателей деятельности с показателями стран ОЭСР. В то время как в обзоре указывается на заметные успехи, достигнутые Казахстаном, по-прежнему остаются нерешенными вопросы, связанные с улучшением доступности и эффективности медицинских услуг, а также обеспечением равного доступа к ним. В докладе указаны ключевые меры, которые в целях повышения эффективности системы здравоохранения Казахстану следует рассмотреть в качестве приоритетов на ближайшие годы.
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  • 23
    Title: ПОДДЕРЖКА ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ЧИСТОГО ГОРОДСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ТРАНСПОРТА В КАЗАХСТАНЕ : ПРОГРАММА «ЗЕЛЕНЫХ» ИНВЕСТИЦИЙ
    ISBN: 9789264304574
    Language: Russian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Promoting Clean Urban Public Transportation and Green Investment in Kazakhstan
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Kazakhstan
    Abstract: В этом докладе рассматриваются основные результаты проекта, касающегося снижения уровня загрязнения воздуха городским общественным транспортом в Казахстане, путем анализа для разработки программы «зеленых» государственных инвестиций в данном секторе. Этот сектор может дать возможность Казахстану решить вопросы государственной политики, связанные с окружающей средой и изменением климата, являющиеся частью государственных целей по переходу к «зеленому» пути экономического развития. Разработанная инвестиционная программа будет также способствовать модернизации автопарка городского общественного транспорта и стимулировать внутренний рынок к переходу на современные автобусы, работающие на экологически чистом топливе. Предусмотрены два этапа реализации программы: первый будет осуществляться в Костанае и Шымкенте, второй будет распространяться на все крупнейшие города в Казахстане. Как ожидается, эти инвестиции приведут в результате к существенному улучшению состояния воздуха.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264298729
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Revue du gouvernement numérique du Maroc : Jeter les bases de la transformation numérique du secteur public au Maroc
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Digital government review of Morocco
    Keywords: E-Government ; Öffentlicher Sektor ; Internet ; Marokko ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Morocco
    Abstract: Morocco aims to become a major industrial hub in Africa. To do so, it is taking steps to transform its administration and ensure the sustainable growth of its emerging digital economy and society. This review analyses the efforts under way to integrate digital technologies in the public sector, and provides policy advice to support the Kingdom of Morocco in implementing a strategic digital government policy.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789264307131 , 9789264311107 , 9789264311114
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Promovendo a Transformação Digital dos Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa e Timor-Leste (PALOP-TL)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Promoting the digital transformation of African Portuguese-speaking countries and Timor-Leste
    Keywords: E-Government ; Digitalisierung ; Lusofones Afrika ; Timor Leste ; Governance ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Timor-Leste ; Afrika ; Portugiesisches Sprachgebiet ; Timor ; E-Government ; Digitalisierung
    Abstract: The public sectors of African Portuguese-speaking countries and Timor-Leste (PALOP-TL) have made significant progress in mobilising digital technologies to promote internal efficiency, simplify government procedures and improve the delivery of public services. Nevertheless, fully harnessing these technologies to improve growth, opportunities for income and employment, and public service delivery requires a more profound shift from efficiency-driven to citizen-driven approaches. This cross-country review of the digital transformation of the public sectors in Angola, Cabo Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Sao Tome and Principe and Timor-Leste reviews progress towards digital government and suggests strategies for enabling more effective, collaborative and sustainable digital government policies and approaches in PALOP-TL countries. These recommendations address three main areas: digital solutions for the delivery of core government functions, foundations for a digital government transformation, and digital services for citizens and businesses.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264290334
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Czech Republic (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Tschechien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: Under Action 14, jurisdictions have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses jurisdictions against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by the Czech Republic.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264306264 , 9789264307117 , 9789264307100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als SME and entrepreneurship policy in Indonesia 2018
    Keywords: 2018 ; KMU ; Unternehmer ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Indonesien ; Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Indonesia
    Abstract: SMEs play an important role for economic growth and social inclusion in Indonesia. Based on data from the Ministry of Co-operatives and SMEs, Indonesian SMEs account for nearly 97% of domestic employment and for 56% of total business investment. Indonesia has a Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) Law and a specific ministry dedicated to co-operatives and SMEs. The wealth of public programmes for SMEs could be streamlined, and more could be done to support innovative companies able to generate productive jobs and participate in international markets. The development and implementation of an SME strategy would be instrumental to improve the overall coherence of national policy measures, objectives and measurable targets. The review of SME and entrepreneurship policy of Indonesia is part of a peer-reviewed series, by the OECD Working Party on SMEs and Entrepreneurship, which aims to improve the design, implementation and effectiveness of national SME and entrepreneurship policies.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789264290389
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Norway (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Norwegen ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Norway
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Norway.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789264190184
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Denmark (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Dänemark ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Denmark
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Denmark, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices which can be accessed on the OECD website.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Title: 经合组织 - 粮农组织 农业展望 2018-2027
    ISBN: 9789264310971
    Language: Chinese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (211 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OCDE-FAO Perspectivas Agrícolas 2018-2027
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2018-2027
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives agricoles de l'OCDE et de la FAO 2018-2027
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Prospettive agricole OCSE-FAO 2018-2027
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Title: OECD国有企業(SOE)のコーポレートガバナンス・ガイドライン, 2015年版
    ISBN: 9789264181366
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Diretrizes da OCDE sobre Governança Corporativa de Empresas Estatais, Edição 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, 2015 Edition: (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, 2015 Edition (Arabic version)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Насоки на ОИСР за корпоративното управление на държавните предприятия: Издание 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-Leitsätze zu Corporate Governance in staatseigenen Unternehmen, Ausgabe 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Lignes directrices de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance des entreprises publiques, Édition 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Smjernice OECD-a za korporativno upravljanje u poduzećima u državnom vlasništvu: Izdanje iz 2015.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, 2015 Edition: (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Directrices de la OCDE sobre el Gobierno Corporativo de las Empresas Públicas, Edición 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, 2015 Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Metodické pokyny OECD pro správu a řízení státem vlastněných společností, vydáno 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hướng dẫn của OECD về Quản trị Công ty trong Do anh nghiệp Nh à nước: Ấn bản 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, 2015 Edition: (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe КЕРІВНІ ПРИНЦИПИ ОЕСР ЩОДО КОРПОРАТИВНОГО ВРЯДУВАННЯ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ФОРМИ ВЛАСНОСТІ, РЕДАКЦІЯ 2015 РОКУ
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Title: Повышение роли Шардаринской многоцелевой водохозяйственной инфраструктуры в Казахстан
    ISBN: 9789264310063
    Language: Russian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Strengthening Shardara Multi-Purpose Water Infrastructure in Kazakhstan
    Keywords: Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Kazakhstan
    Abstract: Вода – ресурс, крайне необходимый для экономического роста, окружающей среды и здоровья человека. Тем не менее, эффективное и результативное управление водными ресурсами является вызовом для правительств многих стран мира. Проблема сложная и многогранная: миллиарды людей не имеют пока доступа к безопасной воде и надлежащему водоотведению; конкуренция за воду между разными видами водопользования и водопользователями растет; и требуются значительные капвложения для поддержания и улучшения водохозяйственных систем, как в странах-членах ОЭСР, так и в других странах. Данная серия исследований ОЭСР по воде содержит анализ водной политики и руководства по экономическому, финансовому и организационному аспектам управления водными ресурсами. Эти аспекты обычно находятся в центре водных проблем и в них содержится ключ к решению сложных задач водной политики. В мире имеется более 8000 крупных систем многоцелевой водохозяйственной инфраструктуры (МЦВИ), которая вносит вклад в экономическое развитие, а также водную, продовольственную и энергетическую безопасность. МЦВИ включают в себя все рукотворные водохозяйственные системы: дамбы, плотины, водохранилища и связанные с ними оросительные каналы и системы водоснабжения. На примере Шардаринской МЦВИ, которая находится в бассейне нижней Сыр-Дарьи в Южно-Казахстанской и Кзыл-ординской областях Казахстана, данный отчет рассматривает варианты и наполнение стратегий инвестирования в МЦВИ, которые обеспечат высокую экономическую отдачу и потенциальную финансовую окупаемость проектов, причем делает это с помощью применения специальной компьютерной модели и на основе изучения опыта 15 различных МЦВИ, расположенных в разных странах мира.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Title: Энергетические субсидии в странах Восточного партнерства ЕС
    ISBN: 9789264046566
    Language: Russian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (336 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Inventory of Energy Subsidies in the EU's Eastern Partnership Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development
    Abstract: Целью данной публикации является первое систематическое и комплексное описание энергетических субсидий в странах Восточного партнерства (ВП), которое должно привести к большей прозрачности в данном вопросе и послужит надежной аналитической базой для обоснования необходимости реформ в этих странах (в исследование включены: Армения, Азербайджан, Беларусь, Грузия, Молдова и Украина). Основываясь на стандартной методологии ОЭСР, в исследовании представлена количественная оценка государственной поддержки производства и потребления угля, нефти и нефтепродуктов, природного газа, а также электрической и тепловой энергии, производимой на основе этих видов ископаемого топлива. Также кратко рассмотрены меры поддержки энергоэффективности и возобновляемых источников энергии. Кроме того, обсуждаются вопросы налогообложения и ценообразования в энергетическом секторе, лежащие в основе анализа энергетических субсидий. Эта публикация была подготовлена в рамках проекта «Экологизация экономики стран Восточного партнерства» (EaP GREEN) при поддержке Европейского Союза и координации с правительствами стран ВП и партнерами из системы ООН: Европейской экономической комиссией ООН (ЕЭК ООН), Программой ООН по окружающей среде и Организацией ООН по промышленному развитию (ЮНИДО).
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264291225
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Forum mondial sur la transparence et l'échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Belgium 2018 (Second Round): Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request
    Keywords: Taxation ; Belgium
    Abstract: Cette publication contient le rapport d'examen par les pairs 2018 sur l'échange de renseignements a la demande de la Belgique.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264288133 , 9789264291980 , 9789264297999
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Competitiveness and Private Sector Development
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Повышение конкурентоспособности в странах Центральной Азии
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Enhancing competitiveness in Central Asia
    Keywords: Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Betriebliches Umfeld ; Zentralasien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Zentralasien ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Wirtschaft
    Abstract: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan have recorded impressive economic growth rates since 2000, driven mainly by the export of commodities and labour. However, the end of the commodity super-cycle and the recent economic slowdown highlighted the risks inherent in this reliance on minerals exports and remittances, as well as the challenges to be overcome to achieve more stable and inclusive growth. The Central Asian countries have long recognised the importance of enhancing the competitiveness of their economies, diversifying the production structures and improving the resilience to external shocks. This will require ambitious reforms in three areas: governance, connectivity, and business environment. This publication focuses mostly on aspects of the business environment and reflects several years of OECD work with Central Asian countries on access to finance, business internationalisation and skills development. Each of the country case studies presented here is the result of a country-specific project carried out by the OECD, hand-in-hand with the governments of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264311855 , 9789264201996 , 9789264311848
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Working better with age
    Keywords: Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Seniorenpolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Japan ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Japan ; Japan ; Alter ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitspolitik
    Abstract: Currently, Japan has the highest old-age dependency ratio of all OECD countries, with a ratio in 2017 of over 50 persons aged 65 and above for every 100 persons aged 20 to 64. This ratio is projected to rise to 79 per hundred in 2050. The rapid population ageing in Japan is a major challenge for achieving further increases in living standards and ensuring the financial sustainability of public social expenditure. However, with the right policies in place, there is an opportunity to cope with this challenge by extending working lives and making better use of older workers' knowledge and skills. This report investigates policy issues and discusses actions to retain and incentivise the elderly to work more by further reforming retirement policies and seniority-wages, investing in skills to improve productivity and keeping up with labour market changes through training policy, and ensuring good working conditions for better health with tackling long-hours working culture.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789264304741
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (689 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.150
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This guidance document was originally published in 2012 and updated in 2018 to reflect new and updated OECD test guidelines, as well as reflect on scientific advances in the use of test methods and assessment of the endocrine activity of chemicals. The document is intended to provide guidance for evaluating chemical using standardised test guidelines. Specific objectives include providing a description of the OECD conceptual framework for evaluating chemicals for endocrine disruption, background on the standardised test methods used, and guidance for interpreting the outcome of individual tests. The general approach taken by the document is primarily to provide guidance on how test results might be interpreted based on the outcome of standardised assays. Key questions addressed in the document concern likely mechanisms of endocrine action and any resulting apical effects that can be attributed to such action. The document is not proscriptive but provides suggestions for possible next steps in testing (if any) which might be appropriate for a regulatory authority to take, given the various data scenarios. The guidance document is focused primarily on endocrine modalities included in the conceptual framework; estrogen, androgen, and thyroid mediated endocrine disruption and chemicals that interfer with steroidogenesis.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789264290488
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Singapore (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Singapur ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Singapore
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Singapore, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices which can be accessed on the OECD website.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264288287
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Recruiting Immigrant Workers
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Recruiting immigrant workers
    Keywords: 2018 ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Australien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Australien ; Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Abstract: Australia has always been a nation of immigrants. More than one quarter of its population in 2015 was born abroad. Immigrants make an important economic and demographic contribution and help address skill and labour shortages. Labour migration is managed through a complex, but well-functioning and effective system which sets and respects annual migration targets. In recent years, the labour migration system has shifted from a mainly supply-driven system to a system where demand-driven migration represents close to half of the permanent skilled migration programme and demand-driven temporary migration has also risen sharply. In addition, two-step migration has gained ground in recent years. The review examines the implications of these changes for the composition of immigrants and their labour market outcomes. Moreover, it discusses recent changes in the tools used to manage labour migration and provides a detailed analysis on the impact of the introduction of SkillSelect on the efficiency of the system. Finally, the review discusses the extent to which the current labour migration system responds to the labour market needs of Australia's States and Territories.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789264303218
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Essai n° 319A : Détermination de la clairance intrinsèque in vitro sur des hépatocytes de truite arc en ciel (rt-hep) cryoconservés
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Test Guideline (TG) describes the use of cryopreserved rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes (RT-HEP) as a metabolising system to determine the clearance (CL, IN VITRO, INT) of a test chemical using a substrate depletion approach. Introduction of the test chemical to the RT-HEP suspension initiates the reaction. In order to collect samples at various time points, the reaction is terminated by transferring an aliquot of the suspension to a stopping solution. The decrease of the test chemical concentration from the incubation vial is measured with a validated analytical method and used to determine the CL, IN VITRO, INT. The value obtained can then be used to improve in silico predictions of the test chemical bioaccumulation in fish.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789264303232
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Essai n° 319B : Détermination de la clairance intrinsèque in vitro sur la fraction subcellulaire S9 du foie de truite arc-en-ciel (RT-S9)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Test Guideline (TG) describes the use of liver S9 sub-cellular fraction (RT-S9) of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as a metabolising system to determine the clearance (CL, IN VITRO, INT ) of a test chemical using a substrate depletion approach. Introduction of the test chemical to the RT-S9 incubation medium initiates the reaction. In order to collect samples at various time points, the reaction is terminated by transferring an aliquot of the medium to a stopping solution. The decrease of the test chemical concentration from the incubation vial is measured with a validated analytical method and used to determine the CL, IN VITRO, INT. The value obtained can then be used to improve in silico predictions of the test chemical bioaccumulation in fish.
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789264290457
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Poland (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Polen ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Poland
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Poland, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices which can be accessed on the OECD website.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789264291188
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Forum mondial sur la transparence et l'échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: France 2018 (Second Round): Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request
    Keywords: Taxation ; France
    Abstract: Cette publication contient le rapport d'examen par les pairs 2018 sur l'échange de renseignements a la demande de la France.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Title: 한 눈에 보는 보건의료 2016 : 아시아/태평양 판. 보편적 의료보장을 향한 진전의 측정
    ISBN: 9791186043202
    Language: Korean
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Health at a Glance: Asia/Pacific 2016: Measuring Progress towards Universal Health Coverage
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Title: 经合组织鞋服行业负责任供应链尽责管理指南
    ISBN: 9789264308930
    Language: Chinese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (172 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-Leitfaden für die Erfüllung der Sorgfaltspflicht zur Förderung verantwortungsvoller Lieferketten in der Bekleidungs- und Schuhwarenindustrie
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains in the Garment and Footwear Sector
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Wytyczne OECD dotyczące należytej staranności w zakresie odpowiedzialnych łańcuchów dostaw w sektorze tekstylno-odzieżowym i obuwniczym
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guide OCDE sur le devoir de diligence applicable aux chaînes d'approvisionnement responsables dans le secteur de l'habillement et de la chaussure
    Keywords: Governance ; Development
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  • 46
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Title: Национальные счета здравоохранения Республики Казахстан
    ISBN: 9789264300859
    Language: Russian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (172 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe National Health Accounts of Kazakhstan
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Kazakhstan
    Abstract: В настоящем отчете дается оценка мер, принимаемых Казахстаном в области разработки и применения национальной системы счетов здравоохранения, предлагаются рекомендации, направленные на повышение информирования о финансировании здравоохранения в стране. По мере достижения Казахстаном значительного экономического прогресса за последние десятилетия, здравоохранение заняло свое место в стратегической программе с учетом ряда реформ в секторе, введенных с целью модернизации системы и улучшения состояния здоровья населения. Информирование о стратегической программе и мониторинг достижения целей системы здравоохранения требуют точных, своевременных и всеобъемлющих данных о финансировании и расходах в здравоохранении. Четкое представление об ассигновании средств и факторах, влияющих на сектор здравоохранения, является необходимым условием для поддержания эффективности системы здравоохранения в Казахстане.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Title: Повышение конкурентоспособности в странах Центральной Азии
    ISBN: 9789264298019 , 9789264290129 , 9789264292086
    Language: Russian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Enhancing Competitiveness in Central Asia
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: В Казахстане, Кыргызстане, Монголии, Таджикистане, Туркменистане и Узбекистане начиная с 2000 года зарегистрирован впечатляющий экономический рост, обусловленный главным образом экспортом сырьевых товаров и рабочей силы. Однако завершение товарного суперцикла и недавнее замедление темпов экономического роста выявили наличие рисков, неизбежно сопровождающих такую зависимость от экспорта полезных ископаемых и от притока денежных переводов; также проявились и трудности, которые предстоит преодолеть для достижения более стабильного и всеобъемлющего роста. В странах Центральной Азии давно признана важность повышения конкурентоспособности экономики, диверсификации структур производства и повышения устойчивости к внешним потрясениям. Для решения этих задач потребуются амбициозные реформы в трех областях: государственное управление, торгово-транспортная связность и деловая среда. Настоящая публикация посвящена главным образом аспектам делового климата и отражает результаты работы ОЭСР со странами Центральной Азии, проделанной за несколько лет, в области доступа к финансированию, интернационализации предприятий и совершенствования профессиональных навыков. Каждое из представленных здесь ситуационных исследований по отдельным странам является результатом одного из проектов, осуществляемых ОЭСР совместно с правительствами Казахстана, Кыргызстана, Монголии, Таджикистана и Узбекистана.
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  • 48
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Title: 日本:高齢化社会における包摂的な成長の促進
    ISBN: 9789264299900
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Japan: Promoting Inclusive Growth for an Ageing Society
    Keywords: Economics ; Japan
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  • 49
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
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  • 50
    Online Resource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Un nouveau monde à bâtir pour le 21e siècle… ensemble
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Governance
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  • 51
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Remédier aux coûts élevés des médicaments de spécialité
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
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  • 52
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Economics ; Industry and Services
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  • 53
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
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  • 54
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Une électricité sur des charbons ardents
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Environment
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  • 55
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Pour accroître durablement la croissance et le bien-être, l’Afrique doit accélérer son développement par le savoir grâce à des politiques et des investissements scientifiquement étayés.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 56
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 57
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 58
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
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  • 59
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 60
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
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  • 61
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L’augmentation des dépenses sociales peut-elle endiguer l’émigration ?
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
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  • 62
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe De meilleures politiques pour dynamiser et mondialiser les PME
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 63
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
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  • 64
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
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  • 65
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 66
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Development ; Economics
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  • 67
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
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  • 68
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
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  • 69
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Multilatéralisme créatif : une collaboration renforcée, pour tous
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 70
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
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  • 71
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Ce qui nous rapproche
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 72
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Améliorer les conditions de vie dans les quartiers défavorisés en France
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
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  • 73
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
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  • 74
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 75
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 76
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Economics
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  • 77
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Employment ; Economics
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  • 78
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (5 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Evidence, persuasion and power: Diplomats in international organisations
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Governance ; Economics
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  • 79
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Protéger notre eau
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 81
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Faire table rase n’est plus une option
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; United States
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  • 82
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Improving life in France’s lower-income neighbourhoods
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
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  • 83
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
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  • 84
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Une histoire de la révolution égyptienne
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
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  • 85
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Des PME essentielles pour une croissance plus inclusive
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services
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  • 86
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Pourquoi le meilleur moyen de se prémunir des catastrophes naturelles est-il d’en chiffrer le coût ?
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
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  • 87
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Observer Roundtable on culture and local development
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Economics
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  • 88
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 89
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics
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  • 90
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Economics
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  • 91
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 199
    Keywords: Tarifverhandlungen ; Vergleich ; Portugal ; Niederlande ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Netherlands ; Portugal ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 92
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 02
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Unternehmensgründung ; Innovation ; Risikokapital ; Unternehmer ; Geschlecht ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The report presents new cross-country descriptive evidence on innovative start-ups and related venture capital investments drawing upon Crunchbase, a new dataset that is unprecedented in terms of scope and comprehensiveness. The analysis employs a mix of different statistical techniques (descriptive graphics, econometric analysis, and machine learning) to highlight a number of findings. First, there are significant cross-country differences in the professional and educational background of start-ups’ founders, notably the share of founders with previous academic experience and in the share of “serial entrepreneurs”. Conversely, the founders’ average age is rather constant across countries, but shows a fair degree of variability across sectors. Second, IP assets, and in particular the presence of an inventor in the team of founders, are strongly associated with start-ups’ success. Finally, female founders are less likely to receive funding, receive lower amounts when they do receive financing, and have a lower probability of successful exit, when other factors are controlled for.
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 05
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Multinationales Unternehmen ; Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; Auslandsinvestition ; Außenhandel ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Because of their numerous and large activities across different countries, Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) are believed to be central and dominant actors in the global economy. In addition, it has been argued that the growing fragmentation of production within global value chains (GVCs) in the past decades is largely driven by MNEs. It is remarkable then that despite their acclaimed importance, empirical evidence on MNEs is not widely available and largely incomplete, with data only available for a subset of OECD economies. Based on the new OECD analytical AMNE database including information on MNEs across 43 industries and countries on a bilateral basis, this paper derives new insights on the importance of MNEs today. As the new database also allows the linking with the OECD TiVA database, the new evidence additionally discusses in detail the trade and investment nexus within GVCs and suggests that MNEs’ role in GVCs goes beyond trade and investment policy.
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 08
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Biotechnologie ; Nanotechnologie ; Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This “Trend-Analysis of Science, Technology and Innovation Policies for BNCTs” aims to analyse policies pertaining to nanotechnology and biotechnology over the past years with regard to their directionality and technology-specificity. The analysis provides some evidence that technology-push policies are favoured for young technology fields, while application-pull policies tend to be applied to more mature fields. In technology-specific policies, the percentage of pure application-pull policies is much lower than that observed for general STI policies. Most individual STI policies are technology-specific in their title or description. Most general STI policies also mention a specific technology and are thus applicable to both the field of general STI and the field of the respective technology. In the case of biotechnology, nanotechnology and ICT, by contrast, at least one third of the policies are unique to the respective field, and only up to a quarter are shared with any other technology field.
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 09
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Computerunterstützung ; Informationstechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Fachkräfte ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper sheds light on the extent to which different types of skills are rewarded as industries go digital. It relies on information from the OECD Survey of Adult Skills on labour market participation and workers’ skills for 31 countries as well as on a novel OECD index on the digital penetration of industries. It investigates how cognitive and non-cognitive skills are rewarded in digital vs. less digital intensive industries and assesses the extent to which skills bundles matter. The results indicate that digital intensive industries especially reward workers having relatively higher levels of self-organisation and advanced numeracy skills. Moreover, for workers in digital intensive industries, bundles of skills are particularly important: workers endowed with a high level of numeracy skills receive an additional wage premium, if they also show high levels of self-organisation or managing and communication skills.
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 127
    Keywords: Elektrizität ; Energiekonsum ; Intelligentes Stromnetz ; Energieeinsparung ; Informationsversorgung ; Lastmanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report reviews the literature on the impact of real-time information provision on consumer decision-making. In addition, it describes the results of a study in which about 7000 households in Ontario, Canada were provided with in-home displays linked to smart meters that provided real-time feedback on electricity consumption. The results show that electricity consumption declines by about 3% as a result of information feedback, that the reduction in demand is sustained for at least five months, and that it is highly correlated with outdoor temperature.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 129
    Keywords: Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Klimawandel ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Immissionsschutz ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Umweltpolitik ; Umweltschutzinvestition ; Öffentliches Unternehmen ; Marktmacht ; Schätzung ; Regressionsanalyse ; China ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper explores the role of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the low-carbon transition in OECD and G20 countries. It tracks GHG emissions and energy investments by SOEs and analyses the impact of SOEs on investments in renewable electricity. A descriptive analysis of SOEs’ role in the electricity sector shows the continued importance of SOEs, including prominent investments in both renewables and fossil-fuel-based electricity generation..
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 130
    Keywords: Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Ökoeffizienz ; Natürliche Ressourcen ; Rohstoff ; Allgemeines Gleichgewicht ; Makroökonomik ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper reviews the existing literature on modelling the macroeconomic consequences of the transition to a circular economy. It provides insights into the current state of the art on modelling policies to improve resource efficiency and the transition to a circular economy by examining 24 modelling-based assessments of a circular economy transition.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD taxation working papers no. 35
    Keywords: Verlustverrechnung ; Unternehmensbesteuerung ; Steuerrecht ; Welt ; Taxation ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Loss carryover provisions are an essential part of corporate tax systems. Economic theory suggests that perfect intertemporal loss offsets are a necessary condition for the neutrality of corporate taxation across investment projects with different risk profiles. However, in practice the tax treatment of losses does often not reach this standard, e.g., due to lack of inflation indexation or tax offset restrictions. Using detailed country-level information, this paper presents two tax policy indices capturing the effects of carryover provisions on tax symmetry and stabilisation across a total of 34 OECD and non-OECD countries. The tax symmetry index captures the effectiveness of carryover provisions, including carry-forwards and carry-backs, relative to full symmetry, while the stabilisation index captures the proportion of an adverse revenue shock on loss-making firms which is absorbed by the corporate tax system. The results show that only 18 countries provide unlimited carry-forwards and most countries do not index tax losses to inflation; only 9 countries provide carry-backs while 8 countries limit the amount of tax losses which can be offset in any given year. Cross-country comparison of the two indices suggests that these restrictions have significant impacts on tax symmetry and stabilisation. Perfect tax symmetry is not achieved by the majority of the included corporate tax systems thus implying possible tax-induced distortions towards less risky projects.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 78 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD green growth papers 2018, 02
    Series Statement: Measurement & reporting
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The paper further refines the OECD framework for measuring the environmentally adjusted multifactor productivity growth that seeks to incorporate environmental services in productivity analysis. Compared to standard productivity measurement, this framework allows accounting also for the use of natural capital (currently including 14 types of fossil fuels and minerals) and the emission of pollutants as negative by-products (currently including 8 types of greenhouse gases and air pollutants). An updated series of the indicator is presented, with a geographic coverage extended to all OECD and G20 countries for the 1990-2013 time period. The indicators presented here allow the sources of economic growth to be better identified, and growth prospects in the long run to be better assessed. This paper replaces the 2016 version which contained outdated information on natural capital for a few countries corresponding to an earlier version of the estimations. Figures 1-10, A4.1, A5.1, A5.2, A6.1 have therefore been adjusted, with the only noticeable change being the ranking in the contributions of natural capital to output growth. The main messages and conclusions remain unchanged.
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