Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • 2000-2004  (31)
  • 2000  (31)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (31)
  • Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
  • Energy  (31)
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
  • 2000-2004  (31)
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (31)
  • Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Labels & Standards (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264188099
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Efficiency Policy Profiles
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Within the foreseeable future, refrigerators will be using 30% less electricity in some countries. Homes in the United States will be emitting 4% less carbon dioxide. Dozens of other common energy-using products will have become cleaner and more energy efficient. And all because of the growing use of energy labels and standards in industrialised countries. Energy labels and standards are only one way in which governments can diminish energy use, improve performance and slash greenhouse gas emissions. But they have proved remarkably effective, and their use is steadily spreading. This report by the International Energy Agency chronicles a number of success stories and offers suggestions on how they can be replicated. This study, the first in a planned series of Energy Efficiency Policy Profiles, analyses existing programmes, provides guidance for programmes now under consideration and points the way to possible international collaboration. It highlights the key elements in successful programmes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264188099-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Canada 2000 (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264182042
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Canada
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2000 review of Canada's energy policies and programmes. It finds that successful regulatory reform of the gas market has contributed to rapid growth in exports of gas to the US. Encouraged by potential trade benefits flowing from regulatory reform of the electricity market, and benefits flowing to Canadian consumers, some provinces have also undertaken major regulatory reform of the electricity industries in their jurisdictions. Development of Canada’s huge resources of oil sands and heavy oil have supplemented continuing development of conventional oil. These developments combined with rapid economic and population growth have posed policy challenges for Canadian governments in several areas. This report discusses the issues arising for policy makers, including the process currently underway in Canada to develop a national implementation strategy to meet the national target for greenhouse gas emissions, and progress in improving the efficient use of energy. Federal-provincial co-operation is essential for successful energy policy development and implementation in Canada. The report makes recommendations in several policy areas where co-operative action appears necessary, notably to encourage the development of regional energy markets which would bring together existing provincial reform policies and widen their scope to other provinces where market reforms have made less progress. The report looks comprehensively at the Canadian energy sector and also includes description and analysis of nuclear power, renewable energy sources and energy resource industries such as uranium and coal as well as oil and gas.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264182042-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Switzerland 1999 (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264181311
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Switzerland
    Abstract: This IEA report provides a comprehensive in-depth assessment of the energy policies of Switzerland, including recommendations for policy developments. Although the federal government has been increasingly involved in Swiss energy policy, the cantons retain extensive authority. There is a discussion of the 'Energy 2000 Action Plan' - the core of Swiss energy policy. The plan aims to stabilise electricity consumption, reduce the use of fossil fuels, increase the supply of renewable energies, upgrade the capacity of existing nuclear power plants and stabilise carbon dioxide emissions. The report analyses the reasons for Switzerland's slowdown in fossil fuel use - a trend which has constrained CO2 emissions. To help meet its national commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions under the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, Switzerland is seriously considering several forms of energy taxes including a 'carbon tax'. There remains some room for improvement in the area of energy efficiency and the energy tax structure could be more focussed on climate change issues and energy efficiency. The report recommends enhanced co-operation between and among federal and local governments. Regulatory reform in the electricity and natural gas sectors is a priority issue. These sectors are characterised by a large number of companies and significant involvement of local governments in their ownership, regulation and price setting. The report proposes to introduce competition in these industries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264181311-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: France 2000 (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264192867
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; France
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2000 review of France's energy policies and programmes. It finds that France tries to achieve three major objectives in its energy policy: security of supply, environmental protection and low-cost energy for its economy and citizens, notably through its vast nuclear programme. The French have been generally successful, in particular in ensuring a secure energy supply – a high priority for the country, which has only minor energy resources. French energy policy is also based on a strong public service tradition, a notion that leads it to address market failures as well as to pursue social, regional and territorial objectives. France is on the way towards instituting regulatory reform to comply with the EU directives on electricity and gas. This reform will have a major influence on the traditional utilities Électricité de France (EDF) and Gaz de France (GDF) that dominate the markets. Introducing competition while meeting public service concerns is a challenge for the French government. For example, full geographical uniformity of tariffs – a public service obligation – creates market distortions by reducing niche markets for renewables. Meeting the Kyoto target is also a challenge for France, since the share of nuclear energy in its power generation is expected to decline in the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264192867-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dealing with Climate Change : Policies and Measures in IEA Member Countries (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264188389
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: This volume describes more than 400 separate policy actions that IEA Member countries took to mitigate climate change in the energy sector during 1999. Listings are provided for each country with classifications of actions into five major policy approaches: fiscal policy; market policy; regulatory policy; R&D policy; and policy processes. In addition, policies are classified according to energy source and end-use.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264188389-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Portugal 2000 (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264182035
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Portugal
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2000 review of Portugal's energy policies and programmes. It finds that Portugal produces little energy, all of it from renewable sources. But Portugal’s energy consumption is growing apace, and the country is increasingly dependent on imported energy. Portugal’s energy companies have been restructured and the government has begun the process of privatising them. In April 1999, the government set up a holding company called “Petróleos e Gás de Portugal, SGPS, S.A.” (GALP) combining Gás de Portugal and Petrogal, the national oil and gas companies. The aim is to create an enterprise large enough to compete in the Iberian market, then gradually to privatise it. The electricity law of 1995 divided the electricity market into two segments: one competitive, the other centralised and non-competitive. By 1999, the competitive segment was still not functioning adequately. This report recommends measures to achieve effective competition. The addition of natural gas to the Portuguese energy mix in 1997 has helped diversify Portugal’s energy sources and contributes to the mitigation of environmental problems. Security of gas supply remains an important issue, since Portugal depends on only one single source. Because the gas market is so new, the European Directive permits Lisbon to delay making it a competitive market until 2008. The report recommends a clear schedule for the implementation of competition. Portugal is working to reduce the sharp growth in energy use and CO2 emissions. But both continue to increase rapidly. If Portugal is to limit the increase in greenhouse gas emissions to 27% above 1990, as it has undertaken to do under the Kyoto Protocol, it will need to take further measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264182035-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Experience Curves for Energy Technology Policy (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264182165
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: The fact that market experience improves performance and reduces prices is well known and widely exploited in technology-intensive industries, but sparsely used in analysis for energy technology policy. Knowledge of the “experience effect” can help in the design of efficient programmes for deploying of environment-friendly technologies. The effect must be taken into account when estimating the future costs of achieving targets, including targets for carbon dioxide reduction. This book discusses issues raised by the “experience effect”, such as price-cost cycles, competition for learning opportunities in the market, risk of “technology lockout” and the effects of research, development and deployment policies on technology learning. Case studies illustrate how experience curves can be used to set policy targets and to design policy measures that will encourage both investment in and use of environment-friendly energy technologies. Low-cost paths to stabilising CO2 emissions are explored.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264182165-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Sweden 2000 (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264188044
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Sweden
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2000 review of Sweden's energy policies and programmes. It finds that Sweden is phasing out nuclear power that currently generates about half its electricity. One reactor was closed in 1999 and a second may be closed in 2001, if certain criteria are met. Renewables and improved efficiency in the use of energy are considered to be the only alternatives: natural gas and coal are rejected on environmental grounds; and new hydro capacity is limited by Parliament. This report looks at the feasibility of Sweden’s plans. Two overriding concerns are evident in Swedish policy: to keep down electricity prices to maintain industrial competitiveness and economic growth, and to achieve Sweden’s target for greenhouse gas emissions. Energy taxation has been designed to support both objectives. The competitive Nordic electricity market has been important in maintaining low electricity prices. Sweden’s per capita carbon dioxide emissions are among the lowest of all OECD countries, largely because of reliance on nuclear and hydro-electric power. The potential contribution of natural gas to balancing economic and environmental objectives in the Swedish context should not be dismissed. Energy efficiency improvements will have to be large and sustained to justify closure of nuclear capacity – possibly larger than recent trends suggest may be achieved. In addition to these long-term issues, the Swedish electricity supply industry faces the need to adapt the regulatory and institutional framework to an increasingly open electricity market, and to integrate environmental objectives within this framework.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264188044-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Luxembourg 2000 (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264188037
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2000 review of Luxembourg's energy policies and programmes. It finds that Luxembourg is the smallest IEA country, but its population is the richest of all IEA members. Energy consumption per inhabitant is high. The country’s iron and steel industry, heavy sales of transport fuel and the country’s overall wealth contribute to the high demand. Luxembourg’s domestic energy resources are limited to renewable energies. Therefore Luxembourg is the most dependent on imported energy of all IEA countries. Energy taxes are low, particularly on automotive fuels. The report discusses the effects of this policy as well as Luxembourg’s plan to introduce an energy tax. The study makes recommendations on how best to internalise the full costs of using energy. The national government and municipalities still own a significant, if decreasing, share of energy companies. This report recommends arm’s-length relationships between these enterprises and public bodies. Luxembourg’s electricity and natural gas sectors are being liberalised. The government regards market liberalisation in the whole of Europe as a boon to Luxembourg’s consumers who will benefit from reduced energy prices. Carbon dioxide emissions have decreased substantially since the mid-1970s due to the restructuring of the iron and steel industry. Now that this restructuring process has come to an end, CO2 emissions are expected to increase. Effective measures need to be taken to reach Luxembourg’s Kyoto target of a 28% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264188037-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Netherlands 2000 (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264188228
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Netherlands
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2000 review of the Netherlands' energy policies and programmes. It finds that Dutch citizens are very environmentally minded. They are prepared to pay extra for clean and renewable energy to meet the national climate commitments. The government has set ambitious targets for reducing carbon dioxide emissions and increasing the share of renewables in the energy market. The Netherlands aims at cutting greenhouse gas emissions by 50 million tonnes by 2010, and at raising the share of renewables from 1% in 1995 to 10% in 2020. The government has put together a programme that can achieve this – as well as a back-up plan if the target is not reached, and a plan for the long term. But efficient markets are also important to the Dutch. In the electricity and gas industries, full retail competition is to be introduced on an accelerated schedule in 2004. Since competition was introduced into the power market in 1998, the necessary institutions and secondary legislation have been put in place, making the market highly competitive. Three out of the four large generators in the country have been sold to foreign utility investors. There is room for improvement in the rules for the allocation of interconnector capacity, to be found in co-operation with the Netherlands’ European neighbours.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264188228-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regulatory Reform : European Gas (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264188372
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Market Reform
    DDC: 333.8/233/094
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: The countries of Continental Europe have started the process of reforming their natural gas markets. This book sets the context for, and considers the issues raised by, these reforms. It also analyses the key elements of effective reform, such as third party access to the gas infrastructure. Unlike earlier reformers, Europe faces important challenges of growing import dependency and reliance on a few large producer countries, against a background of strong demand growth. It is vital that both short and long term security of supply are sustained in the new market conditions. At the same time a key objective of reform is to improve economic efficiency through competition and short term trade, in order to reduce prices for natural gas consumers. The book argues that security and competition are not incompatible, and that security can be enhanced by competition provided that reform is handled with care. As Europe implements the EU Gas Directive, this book is a timely review for energy policy makers and others involved in the reform process. It is the latest in a series of IEA publications on energy market reforms.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264188372-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Future Role of Coal : Markets, Supply and the Environment (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264180994
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: In preparation for their 1998 Plenary meeting, the members of the IEA’s Coal Industry Advisory Board prepared individual papers addressing the key issues facing the coal industry at this challenging time. The result is a collection of unique perceptions on the future role of coal from the leaders of the industry. They provide a valuable, first-hand insight into the views and concerns of the coal industry as it faces a rapidly changing market due to: ? uncertainties within the electricity generating industry, which in turn are a result of the continuing transition to a liberalised electricity market and of unanswered questions about the final structure, shape and regulatory framework of this market; ? increasing environmental commitments by governments, especially in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol. Coal, with its ample, cost-effective and geographically diverse reserves, has traditionally been a major factor in energy security and price stability. Is this important role now under threat? How does the coal industry itself see its market evolving? What are the industry’s views of the role of coal in a future where carbon emissions are strictly limited? Important questions with thought-provoking responses in this challenging collection of individual papers from the IEA’s Coal Industry Advisory Board.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264180994-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    South East Asia Gas Study (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264182073
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (78 p.)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: In addition to existing gas producing countries, there are several emerging countries in Southeast Asia that are promoting gas production and use. Since rising energy needs will increase Asia’s dependency on imported oil, the further development of gas resources will play an increasingly important role in improving energy security and in providing environmental protection for the region. This study, a follow-up to the IEA’s Asia Gas Study (1996), describes the current situation, uncertainties and future challenges in the gas sectors of the Philippines, Vietnam and Myanmar. Over the next ten years, the role of natural gas will expand steadily in these countries. The development of gas sectors could also encourage the construction of a gas pipeline network in Southeast Asia.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264182073-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Emission Baselines : Estimating the Unknown (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264188488
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Emission baselines
    DDC: 363.738/74526
    RVK:
    QT 200
    RVK:
    AR 23300
    Keywords: Umweltbelastung ; Klimawandel ; Umweltmanagement ; Umweltstandard ; Normbefolgung ; Welt ; OECD-Staaten ; Electricity Environmental aspects ; Greenhouse gas mitigation ; Greenhouse gases ; Iron industry and trade Environmental aspects ; Steel industry and trade Environmental aspects ; Energy ; Environment ; Emissionsverringerung ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Climate change is one of the key challenges facing the international community. The world’s industrial countries and those with economies in transition have, under the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, collectively agreed sharp limitations of their greenhouse gas emissions. Innovative provisions in this Protocol offer potentially cost-effective ways to meet these pledges. They allow investors - nations, as well as companies - to credit emission reductions they accomplish in foreign countries against their own commitments. The two schemes, Joint Implementation and the Clean Development Mechanism, will encourage investment in climate-friendly projects worldwide, especially in developing countries. So far, however, no detailed rules have been adopted to govern the new mechanisms or to evaluate just how many emission credits a particular project should generate. Rigorous methodological analysis is required before any decision can be taken. This book provides that analysis, examining issues in the development of emission baselines in four key sectors: electricity; cement; energy efficiency; and iron and steel. This book moves the debate from the theoretical to the practical. It provides insights on how to develop credible, workable and transparent baselines from which to quantify the mitigation effects of projects initiated under the "Kyoto mechanisms". In so doing, it sails uncharted waters. It attempts, indeed, to "estimate the unknown".
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264188488-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Caspian Oil and Gas : The Supply Potential of Central Asia and Transcaucasia (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264180970
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 p.)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: The Central Asian/Transcaucasian region has the potential to become a significant producer and exporter of oil and gas. Estimates of its reserve base are on the scale of the North Sea. Over the next decade, as world oil demand continues to grow, the region will gain in importance by helping to diversify the sources of oil and gas for importing countries beyond traditional supply sources, including the Middle East. This comprehensive study provides detailed descriptions, data and analysis of the oil and gas sectors of Azerbaijan, Kazakstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It examines the potential for oil and gas production and exports, as well as technical, legal, financial and other barriers to fulfilling this potential. It also looks at export markets, investment frameworks and major investment projects underway and planned.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264180970-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Coal in the Energy Supply of China (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264182066
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (114 p.)
    Keywords: Energy ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: China is the world’s largest producer and consumer of coal, and an increasingly important participant on the international coal market. Paradoxically, while China is now a major coal exporter, it is also a coal importer. As China commits itself to further economic reform and increased involvement in the global economy, its coal industry faces major challenges of rationalisation and structural reform. Coal has been significantly affected by the recent slow-down in the Chinese economy. These pressures have provoked a major overhaul of the State coal administration, radical cuts in production, the restructuring of key state-owned coal mines and the planned closure of over 25,000 small mines. Coal will, however, remain the dominant energy source in China for the foreseeable future despite the strenuous efforts of the authorities to diversify the energy mix. The environmental consequences of continued heavy use of coal raise important issues not just for China but for all those committed to tackling climate change. This timely desktop report on coal in China, prepared by the Member companies of the IEA’s Coal Industry Advisory Board, examines the overriding importance of coal in China’s energy mix, recent technological developments and market trends, and the major challenges which China now faces.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264182066-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Road from Kyoto: Current CO2 and Transport Policies in the IEA (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264189164
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: More than 27% of total carbon dioxide emissions in OECD countries is produced by the transport sector, and there are still few signs that transportation energy use is peaking. Without new action, the prospects for reductions in CO2 emissions from this sector look bleak. This report reviews transport-related CO2 abatement policies in six IEA countries: Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. The report focuses on past, recent and potential future policies and the policy context in each country. It provides a comprehensive description of selected key policy elements. A separate IEA report, which will be published early next year, will offer quantitative estimates of a major element in transport climate-change policy – the potential for reducing CO2 emissions by improving the fuel efficiency of passenger cars.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264189164-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Italy 1999 (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264181304
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Italy
    Abstract: This IEA report provides a comprehensive, in-depth assessment of the energy policies of Italy, including recommendations on future policy developments. The Italian government is undertaking major reforms in the energy sector. It has started to decentralise energy policy, giving more responsibilities to regions and local authorities. Thus, co-ordination across regions and with the national government is becoming an important issue. In February 1999, competition was introduced in the electricity sector. The Government is also preparing a Legislative Decree to implement the EU Directive on natural gas. In enforcing competition, attention needs to be given to the dominant position of national companies in the electricity, natural gas and oil sectors. Italy has high taxes on energy in comparison with other IEA countries. This has encouraged the country’s low energy intensity. In addition, in December 1998, the Government introduced a CO2 tax. Tax policy needs a long-term strategy which would better reflect the external cost of using energy and make the tax structure consistent across the different sectors and fuels. The report also recommends that the Government take further measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to meet the Kyoto target.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264181304-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Electric Power Technology : Opportunities and Challenges of Competition (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789164187673
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p.)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: How will the introduction of electricity market competition affect power generation and transmission technology? Which technologies are most likely to receive a push from competitive markets? These are the questions examined in this review, which considers a wide range of options in both generation and transmission. Competition strengthens the search for the most cost-effective technologies. All electricity generation technologies are affected: those for existing and new plants as well as those for improving capital and operating efficiency. In existing plants, reliability, life extension, operating flexibility and demand-side technology are some of the major factors of change. In new plants, gas turbines are set to continue their growth, but there is still a place for conventional steam and other power plants. New government policies for technology support and environmental protection also have a role in evolving technological choices when competition is introduced.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789164187673-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    International Collaboration in Energy Technology : A Sampling of Success Stories (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264181298
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Enhanced energy technology is the key to ensuring environmental sustainability together with economic growth and energy security. In the drive to develop cleaner, more efficient energy technologies, what role does international collaboration play? This publication provides an array of success stories illustrating how the International Energy Agency’s collaborative framework for energy technology development has speeded advances towards more comprehensive solutions. In coal combustion sciences, for example, one project generated equipment sales worth over $400 million in one participating country alone. More than 30 countries world-wide participate in the programme, which mobilises close to $150 million annually. Costs and resources are shared among participating governments, utilities, industries and universities, thus ensuring maximum yield from research budgets and avoiding unproductive duplication of effort. The technology collaboration programme operates through agreements among governments. The 40 currently active agreements focus on the dissemination of energy technology information, cleaner use of fossil fuels, development of renewable energy sources and systems, more efficient energy use and nuclear fusion technologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264181298-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Automotive Fuels for the Future (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264182080
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: Which alternative motor fuels will be in common use tomorrow? Which criteria should be used to assess them? No simple answers exist. Complex trade-offs are involved in the decision-making process. But the most important ingredient for making informed choices is sound information produced by a transparent methodology. Automotive Fuels for the Future offers a digest of basic data on the critical fuel choices for the future. It is a well-balanced compendium of concise technical information, as well as an overview of the essential issues in deciding among alternative fuels. Fuels such as natural gas, LPG or alcohols and biodiesel derived from different feedstocks are considered over the entire cycle from production to use. They are analysed in terms of environmental effects, safety, availability and cost. Their weaknesses and strengths are judged against the yardsticks of established gasoline and diesel technologies. This publication from IEA/AFIS, the information service of the IEA Implementing Agreement on Advanced Motor Fuels, makes this information accessible to the general reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264182080-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Finland 1999 (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264181007
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (115 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Finland
    Abstract: This IEA report provides a comprehensive, in-depth assessment of the energy policies of Finland, including recommendations on future policy developments. Over the past years, Finnish energy markets have undergone reform and restructuring. Competition was introduced into the electricity market in 1995, and has since been strengthened significantly. Competition in the natural gas market is imminent. Finland is not yet connected to the EU natural gas network, but the rules on competition cover cross-border competition from the outset to prepare for the future. Attention still needs to be given to market power. Finland and the wider Nordic market are still relatively concentrated. The recent merger of Finland's largest electricity company with the country's dominant oil and gas conglomerate did nothing to alleviate this situation. Price regulation and anti-trust oversight may have to be strengthened. Nevertheless, the Finnish power market is a successful example and worthwhile for other countries to study. Finland was the first country in the world to introduce a carbon tax and has an excellent record in energy efficiency policy. But carbon emissions continue to rise. Increased use of natural gas and Finland's interconnection to the EU gas grid may be the best approach to reducing CO2 emissions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264181007-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Electricity Reform : Power Generation Costs and Investment (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264188495
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Market Reform
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This booklet considers the impact of electricity market reform on power generation costs and investment. Governments throughout the OECD are restructuring their electricity supply industries, reducing the direct role of the state and introducing competition. These changes are designed to increase the economic efficiency of electricity supply and to lower prices for consumers. Maintaining adequate investment in new generation capacity is another important objective. The study concludes that market reform is likely to lead to reduced generation costs. Reformed systems should also preserve system reliability and adequacy of investment. Although the introduction of competition in electricity supply is relatively new, preliminary results show that reform brings pressure to reduce investment and operating costs. The increased transparency of public policy objectives and costs, combined with the fact that greater risks are allocated to investors is an important factor in reducing costs. If the new competitive market is effectively regulated and if it allows customers to make their own choices about supply and reliability, adequate investment will continue and security of supply can be maintained. This is one in a series of short publications by the IEA on energy market reforms.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264188495-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Technology And Climate Change A Call to Action (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264189171
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: Technology can make a significant contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector. But it can only do so if efforts to develop and deploy advanced energy technologies are redoubled and if technological advances are combined with measures that discourage the emitting of carbon by making it more expensive. Efforts with a near-term focus are needed, but so is work that will only bear fruit years from today. Both are vital. Both must start now and continue over time. Government and industry both have indispensable roles in the task of maximising energy technology’s contribution to emissions reduction. This report is a call to action to IEA Member countries to find ways, compatible with their own circumstances, to achieve that end. It reviews a large number of technologies that could prove important in reducing energy-related emissions in both the near and long term. It points out how the availability of advanced energy technology can mitigate the cost of emissions reduction, and it outlines how traditional “barriers” to using new technology can be overcome. It deals directly with the issue of what governments can do in this area and points out where government action is needed. The report builds on two previous IEA reports – Energy Technologies for the 21st Century and IEA/OECD Scoping Study: Energy and Environmental Technologies to Respond to Global Climate Change Concerns.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264189171-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Japan 1999 (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264181328
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Japan
    Abstract: This IEA report provides a comprehensive in-depth assessment of the energy policies of Japan, including recommendations for policy development. Since the last in-depth review in 1994, the two major themes in Japan's energy policy have been reform of the regulatory framework and measures to respond to climate change. Energy sector reform in the energy sector is an important component of overall policy on economic recovery. Increasingly, the market will be relied on to achieve a satisfactory outcome. Independent Power Producers have entered the electricity market since 1995. The report analyses anticipated further reforms to liberalise the market for extra-high-voltage consumers (28% of all supply) and to introduce accounting separation of the activities of the existing utilities. Approximately 90% of carbon dioxide produced in Japan is energy-related. Policy to reduce emissions from the energy sector is focused on drastic energy efficiency measures and on the promotion of nuclear power and "new energies". The review discusses the cost-effectiveness of present energy efficiency measures, but considers that the current nuclear energy production target is achievable.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264181328-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Hungary 1999 (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264181014
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Hungary
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 1999 review of Hungary's energy policies and programmes. Hungary joined the International Energy Agency on 3 June 1997 as part of its transition toward a market economy and integration into the West that began after 1990. It also envisages accession to the European Union (EU) within the next three years. This will require further changes to the country’s energy sector that underwent considerable change during the transition years. Previously operated by the state-held body MVM, Hungary’s electricity supply industry was restructured and privatised, with generation, transmission and distribution now separate functions. But as the country’s wholesale company, MVM still dominates the industry. New legislation provides for regulated third party access and progressive market opening, starting with 10% by 2001. MOL is the sole domestic producer of oil and gas, but the oil retail market is now fully competitive. MOL and the gas distribution and supply companies have been privatised, and new legislation introducing competition into the gas market is to be completed by 2002. Hungary signed the Climate Convention in 1994 and is committed to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions. The country’s total primary energy supply collapsed after 1989 and is not expected to recover to previous levels before 2010, so Hungary is certain to fulfil its obligations. But scope exists for major energy efficiency improvements.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264181014-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Black Sea Energy Survey (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264182059
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (258 p.)
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: The Black Sea region lies at the crossroads of major oil and gas export streams to the Mediterranean and Western Europe. Energy projects in the Caspian states depend vitally on the possibility of moving oil and gas out of the region. The Black Sea and its riparian states form a vital transit route. This is the first study of the Black Sea region as a whole, its energy needs and how future oil and gas transport in the region could develop. The Black Sea Energy Survey complements the previous IEA study on Caspian Oil and Gas. It reviews the energy policies and sectors of seven countries with diverse energy situations. Azerbaijan is a major oil producer and exporter, Armenia and Georgia are energy-poor, Bulgaria and Romania are EU accession candidates which must restructure their domestic oil and coal industries, while Greece and Turkey are IEA Member states. This study covers energy strategies, institutions and restructuring, as well as recent and projected energy trends in these countries. The book analyses the reforms that are still needed to attract significant investment, both into domestic energy projects and regional energy trade.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264182059-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    China's Worldwide Quest for Energy Security (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264181335
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (85 p)
    Keywords: Energy ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: China’s rapid growth over the past twenty years has sparked a surging demand for energy. The Chinese made strenuous efforts to exploit their domestic resources; but growth eventually overwhelmed them and led to rising oil imports. Within the next decade, China’s oil imports are expected to grow rapidly and outstrip those of many OECD countries. Gas imports are also projected to increase as China switches to cleaner energy. Aware of its growing dependency on imported energy, China seeks a more prominent position in the existing global system of energy production and trade. Where it can, China seeks to open new connections in global markets. Increasingly, external energy policies are entwined in foreign economic and security policies in general. This book documents how China is creating energy relationships across the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Russia, Central Asia and Africa. The Chinese are also intensively studying how the rest of the world operates in the energy sector. The position of this vast nation in the global energy markets can only grow stronger as time passes. Trade and investment are the main elements in China’s energy policy toward the rest of the world today. Before long, the Chinese may seek to participate in the actual management of overseas energy facilities.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264181335-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Electricity Market Reform : An IEA Handbook (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264180987
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Market Reform
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This booklet gives an introduction to the issues raised by regulatory reform of the electricity sector. The sector is undergoing change worldwide. A key objective of reform is to improve efficiency in order to reduce prices for electricity consumers. More competitive power markets are required to achieve this objective, but security of supply must also be sustained in the new conditions, and environmental objectives are of growing importance. Ultimately, choices must be made by end-users themselves and not by others on their behalf. Hence, the structure of the industry needs to change to promote end-user choice, as do the regulatory institutions and rules that set the framework. The contents of this volume were first published as part of an OECD book on regulatory reform in a variety of sectors. This updated version of the study is one in a series of short publications by the IEA on energy market reforms.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264180987-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Ireland 1999 (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264181021
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Ireland
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 1999 review of Ireland's energy policies and programmes. It finds that strong growth in the Irish economy poses considerable challenges for Ireland’s energy policy, but growth also provides resources for the Government to address energy policy issues in a manner consistent with economic and social objectives. This IEA report reviews all aspects of Irish energy policy. The sector is at present dominated by four state-owned bodies. In the electricity industry, the Electricity Supply Board may continue to dominate the market and impede the development of competition. In the gas industry, there is a need to develop new sources of supply to match growth in demand. Growth in demand for gas has given rise to concerns about the diversity of the fuel supply and security of supply. Peat will become the only domestic energy resource in a matter of years, unless new gas development occurs to replace the Ballycotton and Kinsale gas fields. There is no electricity interconnector other than to Northern Ireland, and the single gas interconnector is close to full capacity. Policies on peat have had social objectives. These objectives may not be compatible with economic efficiency and environmental objectives and could have implications for the future of the energy sector. The report also draws attention to the need to develop a comprehensive data base on greenhouse gas emissions. A new programme of energy efficiency measures is needed urgently to replace the present programme of the Irish Energy Centre. This report forms part of a series of periodic in-depth reviews conducted by the IEA on a four-year cycle. Short reviews of energy developments in all 24 IEA countries (including summaries of the year’s in-depth reviews) are published annually in Energy Policies of IEA Countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264181021-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Business as Usual and Nuclear Power : A Joint IEA/NEA Meeting, 14-15 October 1999 (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264180888
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 621
    RVK:
    QR 535
    Keywords: Energy ; Nuclear Energy ; Konferenzschrift 1999 ; Electronic books ; Kernenergie ; Ausstieg ; Energiewirtschaft
    Abstract: Energy and nuclear policy makers face many challenges as they evaluate options to ensure an adequate supply of electricity while pursuing environmental, economic and energy security goals. Many analysts suggest that nuclear’s share of global energy supply could decrease in coming decades. If energy markets and national energy policies continue along "business as usual" lines, what are the issues that arise? What are the consequences for the long-term availability of nuclear technology and expertise? This book identifies the issues in a series of papers presented at a recent meeting jointly organised by the International Energy Agency and the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency. Senior energy policy makers and industry executives from OECD Member countries contributed these analyses. They offer a realistic assessment of nuclear’s potential contribution, and the major challenges awaiting nuclear energy and energy supply in general. For those seeking a review of the current issues facing nuclear power within the broad context of energy policy, this is an essential report.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264180888-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Volltext
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...