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  • 2020-2022
  • 1990-1994  (12)
  • 1993  (12)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (12)
  • Development  (12)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    La faisabilité politique de l'ajustement dans les pays africains (1993)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 66 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.88
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Il est désormais admis qu'on ne peut pas mettre au point un programme d'ajustement sans tenir compte des réactions politiques qu'il peut susciter. Les expériences malheureuses de pays où les troubles provoqués par des mesures de stabilisation ont entraîné des dizaines, voire des centaines de morts, en ont convaincu tous les responsables politiques. Ceci a conduit à construire un modèle politico-économique adapté aux pays en développement. On a ensuite appliqué ce modèle à 23 pays africains sur la période 1980-1990. Les résultats des estimations s'avèrent satisfaisantes : l'ensemble des variables endogènes, qu'elles soient économiques ou politiques, peuvent être expliquées de façon précise et les coefficients obtenus prouvent qu'il existe des interactions importantes entre la sphère politique et la sphère économique. Il est assuré par exemple que les troubles résultent en partie des mesures de stabilisation. A partir d'une simulation de référence, on a ensuite estimé les ...
    DOI: 10.1787/548847573280
    URL: Volltext
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  • 2
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    Towards Sustainable Development in Rural Africa (1993)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.6
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pour un développement durable de l'Afrique rurale
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: . A growing recognition of the need to delimit the role of the government, to promote the market framework, and to rely on the private sector as the engine of growth, offers the prospect of a new beginning in rural development in Africa. . Rural people must take a more dominant role, both in shaping their economic prospects and in assuming the responsibility for a high quality of stewardship of natural resources. . To help to bring about such an empowerment of the people, governments and the donors will need to undertake some drastic reforms in the old systems and habits of governance.
    DOI: 10.1787/251402826358
    URL: Volltext
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  • 3
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    Alternative Explanations of the Trade-Output Correlation in the East Asian Economies (1993)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.87
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: A number of Asian countries have been able to follow the example of Japan and develop sophisticated industrial economies in a relatively short time. Specifically, Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan have become known as the "Four Tigers" of Asia due to their strength and importance in international markets. It is not only the pace of industrialisation but the relative equity which has accompanied growth in these countries that has fascinated economists. This paper analyses alternative structural models which represent different theoretical frameworks for development in East Asia. A structural vectorautoregressive technique is used with panel data comprising Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan, for the period 1969-89. This technique has been chosen because it can discriminate between structural hypotheses. The first model tested is a model of export-led output growth. In this exercise exports are allowed to have a direct stimulating effect on the economy. In ...
    DOI: 10.1787/448367214462
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  • 4
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    A Detailed Input-Output Table for Morocco, 1990 (1993)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 68 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.90
    Keywords: Development ; Morocco
    Abstract: This paper reports on the construction of an Input-Output table for the economy of Morocco. The table is calibrated to the year 1990 and details the interactions between 133 primary, manufacturing, and service sectors, relying on a combination of a more aggregate table estimated by the Moroccan government and detailed data from official sources. This table will form the core of a detailed social accounting matrix (SAM) currently under construction as part of the same work programme. Ultimately, the SAM will be incorporated into a general equilibrium model, to be used cooperatively by the Development Centre, the Moroccan government, and the World Bank for trade and resource policy analysis. This report describes in detail the construction of the Input-Output table, presents the table in its entirety, and provides some preliminary multiplier estimates elucidating the links between Moroccan agriculture and the rest of the economy ...
    DOI: 10.1787/663051037026
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  • 5
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    Informal Sector and Regulations in Ecuador and Jamaica (1993)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.86
    Keywords: Development ; Ecuador ; Jamaica
    Abstract: This paper presents the results of a survey of micro-enterprises undertaken in Ecuador and Jamaica. The purpose was to understand the relationships between these countries' institutional and legal regulations, the degree of compliance by firms and the impact of compliance on their performance (particularly growth). This enquiry was complemented with case studies of issues related to compliance with regulations. Initially, the paper sets out to analyse the characteristics of the microenterprises surveyed and their type of insertion into product and factor markets. Afterwards, it describes the differences observed in the regulatory frameworks of the two countries, and explains the differences in the degree of compliance with the law on the part of small firms. The final part of the paper determines statistically the relative importance of the factors that influence firm registration and identifies their effects on the growth of micro-enterprises. The initial process of registration ...
    DOI: 10.1787/687376184560
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  • 6
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    Employment Creation and Development Strategy (1993)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.7
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Création d'emploi et stratégie de développement
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: . Developing countries will account for almost all the increase in the world's labour force over the next 25 years; most countries, especially in Africa, will experience very rapid labour force growth. . Labour-intensive development has been spectacularly successful in some countries and others have begun to emulate them. Nevertheless, many countries still need to rethink policies and programmes in the light of the increasing urgency of employment creation. .The poor and the unemployed have much to gain from labour-intensive development, but fears about the short-term impact of reforms may cause them to oppose change. . Carefully targeted programmes of public works and food security measures implemented early in the reform process, plus improved incentives for farmers, may be essential for the popular support of reform.
    DOI: 10.1787/250272230667
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  • 7
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    Création d'emploi et stratégie de développement (1993)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.7
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Employment Creation and Development Strategy
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: . Les 25 prochaines années verront une augmentation de la population active des pays en développement, particulièrement en Afrique, qui connaîtront une croissance rapide de la main-d'oeuvre. . Pour certains pays, le développement à forte intensité de main-d'oeuvre a été une réussite spectaculaire et on commence à les imiter. Cependant, de nombreux pays doivent redéfinir leurs politiques et programmes, face à l'urgence de la création d'emploi. . Les pauvres et les chômeurs ont tout à gagner d'un développement à forte intensité de main d'oeuvre, mais ils peuvent s'y opposer par crainte des conséquences, à court terme, des réformes. . Des programmes de travaux publics soigneusement ciblés, la mise en place, dès la première phase de la réforme, de mesures relatives à la sécurité alimentaire, ainsi que de meilleures incitations pour les agriculteurs, seront indispensables pour que la réforme soit assurée d'un soutien populaire.
    DOI: 10.1787/245481263253
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  • 8
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    Pour un développement durable de l'Afrique rurale (1993)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.6
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Towards Sustainable Development in Rural Africa
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • La nécessité de limiter le rôle de l'État, de promouvoir l'économie de marché et de s'appuyer sur le secteur privé pour entraîner la croissance, offre de nouvelles perspectives de développement à l'Afrique rurale. • La polpulation des campagnes doit jouer un rôle plus déterminant, à la fois en construisant elle-même son avenir économique et en prenant la responsabilté de gérer au mieux les ressources naturelles. • Pour favoriser une telle prise en charge des habitants par eux-mêmes, États et donateurs internationaux doivent réviser de fond en comble les règles établies et les pratiques de gouvernement.
    DOI: 10.1787/250836764437
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  • 9
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    China as a Leading Pacific Economy (1993)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.89
    Keywords: Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: China is emerging as a leading Pacific economy in the 1990s. This paper examines the implications of China's entry into the world market for the OECD countries as well as for the regional economies of Asia and the Pacific. It argues that the shares of Asian countries in the OECD countries' market cannot increase without bound, as China and its neighbouring developing economies have basically similar export profiles, competing with each other for market shares for similar products. China's coastal strategy has led to the emergence of a "greater China", encompassing China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Growing trade and investment flows between China and Taiwan via Hong Kong since the mid-1980s can be understood as components of "catching-up" processes, described by some trade economists as the "flying-geese" pattern of trade development. In short, China's entry into the world market is a "positive sum" game, as it provides new market opportunities for both OECD countries and Asian NIEs. In ...
    DOI: 10.1787/111803631747
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  • 10
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    Micro-entreprises et cadre institutionnel en Algérie (1993)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 78 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.85
    Keywords: Development ; Algeria
    Abstract: Ce document technique présente les résultats d'une enquête sur l'impact des réglementations juridiques et fiscales sur les micro-entreprises en Algérie. Le cas algérien se distingue de ceux des autres pays du programme de recherche (Niger, Swaziland, Tunisie, Thaïlande, Equateur, Jamaïque) car, en dépit de la stratégie d'ouverture adoptée par le gouvernement algérien dans les années 80, l'économie reste très réglementée. Trois secteurs ont été retenus, pour un échantillon d'environ 300 entreprises : la mécanique, le textile et la restauration. Leur étude permet de comparer le comportement d'entreprises opérant sur des marchés différents. L'enquête révèle que, dans l'ensemble, les obligations juridiques et fiscales sont respectées par une majorité de micro-entreprises ; les taux de respect les plus élevés sont ceux du secteur textile. Elle montre surtout que, quel que soit le secteur, le dynamisme des petits entrepreneurs interrogés est entravé par les lourdeurs de l'économie ...
    DOI: 10.1787/334015587676
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  • 11
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    Striving for International Competitiveness : Lessons from Electronics for Developing Countries (1993)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.84
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Electronics has become critically important in every country's attempt to restructure or build its competitiveness. The developments in electronics have given rise to an industry with an unprecedented growth record in terms of sales and exports, innovative capacity, and spin-off potential for related services. But electronics has also infiltrated into many other industries through the pervasiveness of its application potential. Instead of competing solely on cost, competitive advantage is now often obtained by those who have the (temporary) benefit of having mastered cutting-edge technology. To the fore has come a type of innovation that builds on relations with users, on interaction with suppliers, subcontractors, universities, industry associations, government institutes, and even potential competitors through various kinds of cooperative agreements. Thus, the competitiveness of a firm depends not only on its own strength, but also on the support it receives from the external environment ...
    DOI: 10.1787/828011556753
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  • 12
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    International Trade and the Transfer of Environmental Costs and Benefits (1993)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.91
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The environmental implications of international trade have come under intensified scrutiny in recent years, particularly with expanded interest in multilateralism, regionalism, and other negotiated trade regimes. The transfer of environmental effects, both positive and negative, is embodied in most trade patterns, particularly those which reflect technological hierarchy or other stratification by degree of economic modernization. Despite the emotional reaction these issues often arouse, the question of whether and to whom these transfers are beneficial or detrimental is a very complex one. In this paper, we use applied general equilibrium analysis to examine a well-established trade relationship between two diverse economies, Japan and Indonesia. Historically, it appears that their bilateral trade has conferred asymmetric environmental effects on the two countries, effecting a net transfer of some environmental costs from the former to the latter. In the light of this negative ...
    DOI: 10.1787/854022818551
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