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  • 1985-1989  (114)
  • 1988  (114)
  • Bielefeld : transcript
  • Dordrecht : Springer
  • Paris : OECD Publishing
Material
Language
Years
Year
  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Den Haag : Junk ; 5.1957 -
    ISSN: 0077-0639
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 5.1957 -
    Additional Information: 18=1; 19=2 von Biogeography and ecology in South America The Hague, 1968
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Monographiae biologicae
    Former Title: Vorg. Physiologia comparata et oecologia
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Physiologie ; Medizin
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  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0304-4092
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
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  • 3
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Leiden : Brill | 's-Gravenhage : Mouton | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht : Kluwer | Dordrecht : Springer ; 1.1957 -
    ISSN: 0019-7246 , 1572-8536
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1957 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Indo-Iranian journal
    RVK:
    Keywords: Indoiranisch ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Indoiranisch ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Index 1/20.1957/78=26.1983,1/3
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  • 4
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
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  • 5
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer | Dordrecht : Springer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift
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  • 6
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , ISSN 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
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  • 7
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
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  • 8
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
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  • 9
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
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  • 10
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
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  • 11
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht : Reidel | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1987 -
    ISSN: 0921-3384 , 2352-2119 , 2352-2119
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1987 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Theory and decision library / A
    Former Title: Philosophy and methodology of the social sciences
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig
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  • 12
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Den Haag : Junk ; 5.1957 -
    ISSN: 0077-0639
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 5.1957 -
    Additional Information: 18=1; 19=2 von Biogeography and ecology in South America The Hague, 1968
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Monographiae biologicae
    Former Title: Vorg. Physiologia comparata et oecologia
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Physiologie ; Medizin
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  • 13
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
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  • 14
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Den Haag : Junk ; 5.1957 -
    ISSN: 0077-0639
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 5.1957 -
    Additional Information: 18=1; 19=2 von Biogeography and ecology in South America The Hague, 1968
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Monographiae biologicae
    Former Title: Vorg. Physiologia comparata et oecologia
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Physiologie ; Medizin
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  • 15
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , ISSN 1573-0786 , ISSN 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
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  • 16
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer ; 1.1974 -
    ISSN: 0921-8599 , 0169-7323
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 -
    Additional Information: 11=1 von Jerusalem Philosophical Encounter (ZDB) Papers presented at the ... Jerusalem Philosophical Encounter Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer Acad. Publ., 1978 0333-5135
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Philosophical studies series
    Former Title: Philosophical studies series in philosophy
    Former Title: an international journal for philosophy in the analytic tradition
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 17
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Kluwer | Dordrecht : Springer ; 1.1974 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0304-2421 , 1573-7853 , 1573-7853
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Theory and society
    RVK:
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Index 1/10.1974/81 in: 10.1981,6; 11/19.1982/90 in: 19.1990,6
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  • 18
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1974 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0304-2421 , 1573-7853 , 1573-7853
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Theory and society
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    Keywords: Sozialwissenschaft ; Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Theorie ; Soziologische Theorie ; Logik der Sozialwissenschaft ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Index 1/10.1974/81 in: 10.1981,6; 11/19.1982/90 in: 19.1990,6
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  • 19
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Cham, Switzerland : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer Acad. Publ. | Dordrecht : Springer ; 1.1985 -
    ISSN: 1572-4395
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1985 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Law and philosophy library
    Former Title: L & PL
    Former Title: LAPS
    DDC: 340
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 20
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer ; 1.1984 -
    ISSN: 0924-5499
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1984 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The GeoJournal library
    DDC: 550
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 21
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer ; 1.1971 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0167-7276
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1971 -
    Additional Information: 3=2; 5=3 von International Husserl and Phenomenological Research Society Papers and debate of the ... international conference held by the International Husserl and Phenomenological Research Society Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel, 1974
    Additional Information: 7=5 von International Phenomenology Conference (ZDB) Selected papers from the ... International Phenomenology Conference Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel, 1975
    Additional Information: 6=4; 9=6 von International Phenomenology Conference (ZDB) Papers read at the International Phenomenology Conference Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel, 1977
    Additional Information: 2=[1] von International Phenomenological Conference (ZDB) Papers and debate of the International Phenomenological Conference Dordrecht : Reidel Publishing, 1972
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Analecta Husserliana
    Former Title: Vorg. Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung
    DDC: 100
    RVK:
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Husserl, Edmund 1859-1938 ; Phänomenologie
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  • 22
    ISSN: 0932-7983 , 2751-3866
    Language: German
    Pages: 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: [1.]1987 - [2.]1988; 3.1989 - 4.1990; [5.]1991 - [7.]1993; 8.1994 - 16.2002; 2003 -
    Additional Information: Didaktische Handreichung Friedensgutachten ... didaktisch
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Friedensgutachten ...
    DDC: 320
    RVK:
    Keywords: Peace Periodicals ; Security, International Periodicals ; Disarmament Periodicals ; Germany (West) Periodicals Foreign relations ; Zeitschrift ; Ost-West-Konflikt ; Weltfriede ; Sicherheitspolitik ; Konfliktforschung ; Friedensforschung
    Note: Reihenfolge d. Urh. wechselt , Ersch. jährl. , Index 1987/2006 in: 20 Jahre Friedensgutachten, 2006
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.54
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Although considerable effort has been expended on constructing measures of total factor productivity, there has been little subsequent effort at verifying that the constructed data have the expected properties. This paper proposes a number of tests to determine whether total factor productivity is measured correctly. A similar approach can be used for other economic data ...
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: 119 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.60
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The Compatible Trade and Production data base (COMTAP) consists of annual statistics on production, imports and exports of manufactured goods. The key feature of this data base is that both the production and trade statistics are classified according to the same nomenclature, namely, the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC). The conversion of both trade and production statistics to the ISIC is approximate because there is usually no direct correspondence between the ISIC and the classification in which the trade and production data are reported to the OECD. This report describes the contents of COMTAP, some of the analytic uses to which it can be put, and the problems encountered in setting up the COMTAP data base. Finally, some examples are given of how the data base can be used to calculate "market penetration" and "export performance" ratios for 23 OECD countries over the period 1970 to 1985 ...
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 73 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.63
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper presents new housing equation estimates for the major seven countries in INTERLINK, the OECD world econometric model. Theoretical and empirical aspects of housing investment behaviour are discussed in a model context. Estimation results using an adjustment model for the stock of houses are presented and discussed, together with simulations comparing the performances of the old and new housing blocks in the model. The results embody an important improvement in understanding the aggregate determination of aggregate residential investment ...
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  • 26
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.59
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: This paper uses the OECD's economic model, INTERLINK, to examine the consequences of eliminating the U.S. federal government deficit. Such action could lead to either lower real interest rates, lower inflation rates or a smaller current account deficit, depending on the stance of monetary policy. The elimination of the U.S. Federal deficit over the medium term could significantly lower the U.S. inflation rate and improve the current account deficit, if nominal interest rates were held constant in the face of falling inflation rates. In the absence of a reduction in the fiscal deficit, a significant increase in interest rates would be necessary to achieve the same reduction in the inflation rate. If, however, policy tightening is not necessary to contain inflation, a reduction in the fiscal deficit might be accompanied by a fall in nominal and real interest rates. In this case, a reduction in the fiscal deficit would not necessarily result in an improvement in the current account ...
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.53
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper discusses the relative strengths and weaknesses of alternative solution methods in applied general equilibrium (AGE) analysis. The particular focus is not on the technical properties of solution algorithms, but instead deals with the general issue of using linearised approximation methods, more popularly referred to as the Johansen class of AGE models, relative to models which are solved in level form via solution of a system of non-linear equations. Particular attention is given to the practical aspects of AGE empirical work with special emphasis on problems encountered in multi-country modelling.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.52
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Agricultural support costs OECD countries billions of dollars per year in lost income. It is frequently argued, however, that this is not waste, but is rather a fair price to pay for a number of "non-economic" objectives such as thriving rural communities and increased national security. This paper analyses these objectives and their relationship with agricultural policy. It draws three conclusions: first, the so-called non-economic objectives (SNOs) are, in fact, economic; second, being economic they are amenable to quantification and economic analysis; and, third, present forms of agricultural support may be inefficient means to achieve these objectives ...
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  • 29
    Language: English
    Pages: 125 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.51
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The purpose of this study is to assess the current state of understanding about the effects of monetary policy, both at the conceptual level and in the light of the experience of the seven major OECD countries (the United States, Japan, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy and Canada) and three selected smaller open economies (Australia, the Netherlands and Sweden) since the early 1970s (1). Over this period, there have been substantial developments in the policy making environment and in the conduct and implementation of monetary policy which may have significantly affected the way monetary variables influence the real sector of the economy. A. Changes in the macroeconomic and financial environment and their implications for policy making Since the early 1970s there has been a general deterioration in the macroeconomic situation in OECD countries. These have been subjected to large supply shocks, to substantial changes in the rate of inflation, to slow economic growth, to ...
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 137 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.56
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The development of purchasing power parities as converters of national accounts aggregates to comparable volume figures is important for international economic comparisons. This study is primarily concerned with the aggregation of price relativities to basic heading level: that is, the level below which there are no expenditure weights available across all of a given group of countries. Eight possible methods of aggregation to basic heading level are identified and appropriate summary statistics developed to assist in the subsequent practical investigation of these methods. This is undertaken using price data for 37 basic headings in ten OECD countries ...
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 95 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.57
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper describes an international sectoral data base, the ISDB, which has been created at the OECD as part of the continuing study of industrial structure and economic performance in OECD Member countries. This data base is one which relates primarily to sectoral output and factor resource use in thirteen OECD Member countries. In the context of recent OECD work, substantial use was made of the ISDB in preparing the recent OECD study, "Structural Adjustment and Economic Performance" (1987), and in other studies. Part II of the paper reports an analysis of a number of summary statistics derived from the data base for the period 1970 to 1985; specifically those related to economic structure and sectoral growth over the period ...
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  • 32
    Language: English
    Pages: 99 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.50
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper examines the empirical basis for the debt-neutrality hypothesis in an international cross-section of eight major OECD countries over the period 1961-85. The analysis uses a dynamic demand system for durable and non-durable goods derived from individual optimizing behaviour. The model nests three specifications corresponding to different degrees of consumer rationality: the traditional life-cycle consumption model, the case of inflation-adjustment of disposable income (no money illusion) and the case of full "tax discounting" (no fiscal illusion). In addition, the model incorporates explicitly the role of a variable interest rate and substitution between public and private consumption. The model is estimated using three different consumption aggregates at the single-country level and over the pooled data set. Estimates of the inflation-adjustment and fiscal illusion parameters are provided and specification tests opposing the three versions of the model are performed. The ...
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.58
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Orthodox trade theory rests on a number of unrealistic assumptions which include, among others, constant returns to scale in production and perfect competition in product and factor markets. This has led many commentators to express strong skepticism about the policy conclusions flowing from the orthodox framework. In response to these concerns, a rapidly-growing literature has developed over the past decade which incorporates more realistic features of the trading system such as imperfect competition, increasing returns to scale and product differentiation. This paper presents a review of the empirical research on the "new trade" theories. Section II outlines briefly the theoretical framework for the empirical research. The results from a series of partial and general equilibrium studies are surveyed in Section III. The final section suggests some directions for future work in this area ...
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.49
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper examines the hypothesis that commodity price trends are useful indicators of OECD price developments. After a discussion of statistical techniques to assess the time series properties of individual price indices, integration and cointegration tests are conducted on a wide set of individual and aggregate commodity price indices and consumer price indices for the major seven OECD countries. The results of the analysis suggest that there is no clear evidence of any equilibrium relationship between levels of consumer and commodity prices. But relations between changes in a number of commodity prices such as metals and agricultural raw material prices and consumer prices may be established. The stability over time of such relationships is also tested ...
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: 99 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.55
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper presents a progress report on the Economics and Statistics Department's applied general equilibrium model -- the WALRAS model. This model has been developed with the explicit objective of quantifying the economy-wide effects of agricultural policies in OECD countries. The common specification of the model for the major OECD agricultural trading countries/regions (Australia, Canada, EEC, Japan, New Zealand and the United States) is described in detail. Results are presented for some preliminary simulations of the effects of removing the 1979-81 levels of agricultural assistance in these countries/regions. The initial results relate only to unilateral liberalisation experiments with the unlinked country/region models, with no account being taken of feedback effects through changes in world agricultural prices and trade volumes ...
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400929999
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (716p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 10
    DDC: 551.4
    Keywords: Geography ; Hydraulic engineering
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789400927278
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (440p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computer science ; Artificial intelligence
    Abstract: Philosophy and Natural-Language Processing -- Prologue: Modes of Meaning -- Utterer’s Meaning, Sentence-Meaning, and Word-Meaning -- I: Formal Syntax of Natural Language -- Footlose and Context-Free -- Evidence Against the Context-Freeness of Natural Language -- II: Semantic Aspects of Natural Language -- Truth and Meaning -- Semantics for Propositional Attitudes -- III: Connecting Syntax with Semantics -- The Proper Treatment of Quantification in Ordinary English -- Phrase Structure Grammar -- IV: Natural Language and Logical Form -- Quantifiers in Natural Languages: Some Logical Problems, I -- Generalized Quantifiers and Natural Language -- V: Possible-Worlds and Situation Semantics -- From Worlds to Situations -- Possible Worlds and Situations -- Epilogue: From Semantics to Pragmatics -- Semantics versus Pragmatics -- Selected Bibliography -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information and data-processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and phi­ losophical psychology through issues in cognitive psychology and socio­ biology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual and epistemologi­ cal aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimental and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. Among the most challenging and difficult projects within the scope of artificial intelligence is the development and implementation of com­ puter programs suitable for processing natural language. Our purpose in compiling the present volume has been to contribute to the foundations of this enterprise by bringing together classic papers devoted to crucial problems involved in understanding natural language, which range from issues of formal syntax and logical form to those of possible-worlds and situation semantics. The book begins with a comprehensive introduc­ tion composed by Jack Kulas, the senior editor of this work, which pro­ vides a systematic orientation to this complex field, and ends with a selected bibliography intended to promote further research. If our efforts assist others in dealing with these problems, they will have been worthwhile. J. H. F.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401577786
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy, formerly Synthese Language Library 36
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 36
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semantics ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: I Possible Worlds: Introduction -- 1 Possible Worlds -- 2 Semantic Competence -- 3 Semantics and Logic -- 4 Physical Theories and Possible Worlds -- II Situations and Attitudes: Introduction -- 5 The World Situation (It’s a small world after all) -- 6 Quotational Theories of Propositional Attitudes -- 7 More about Inscriptionalism -- III Quantification and Reference: Introduction -- 8 Identity and Intensional Objects -- 9 The Greek-Turkish Imbroglio (Do we need game-theoretical semantics?) -- 10 Some Recent Theories of Anaphora.
    Abstract: Over a longer period than I sometimes care to contemplate I have worked on possible-worlds semantics. The earliest work was in modal logic, to which I keep returning, but a sabbatical in 1970 took me to UCLA, there to discover the work of Richard Montague in applying possible-worlds semantics to natural lan­ guage. My own version of this appeared in Cresswell (1973) and was followed up in a number of articles, most of which were collected in Cresswell (1985b). A central problem for possible­ worlds semantics is how to accommodate propositional attitudes. This problem was addressed in Cresswell (1985a), and the three books mentioned so far represent a reasonably complete picture of my positive views on formal semantics. I have regarded the presentation of a positive view as more important than the criticism of alternatives, although the works referred to do contain many passages in which I have tried to defend my own views against those of others. But such criticism is important in that a crucial element in establishing the content of a theory is that we be able to evaluate it in relation to its com­ petitors. It is for that reason that I have collected in this volume a number of articles in which I attempt to defend the positive semantical picture I favour against objections and competing theories.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789400914155
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 37
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: One Prologue: Newton and Leibniz -- 1.1. Newton on Space, Time and Metaphysics -- 1.2. Leibniz: The Ideal and the Real -- Two Kant’s Theory of Space and Time -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Concepts and Definitions -- 2.3. Kant’s Anti-logicist programme -- 2.4. Transcendental Aesthetic -- 2.5. Construction and Schematism -- 2.6. Spaces and Geometries -- 2.7. Incongruent Counterparts & the Intuitive Nature of Space -- 2.8. Infinity: Reason and Experience -- 2.9. Transcendental Idealism -- Three Acts, Intuitions and Constructions -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Concepts, Intuitions and the Schematism -- 3.3. Kant’s Constructivism -- 3.4. Incongruity and Constructions -- 3.5. Indirect Proof -- Notes -- Notes on Further Reading.
    Abstract: Many students coming to grips with Kant's philosophy are understandably daunted not only by the complexity and sheer difficulty of the man's writings, but almost equally by the amount of secondary literature available. A great deal of this seems to be - and not only on first reading - just about as difficult as the work it is meant to make more accessible. Any writer deliberately setting out to provide an authentically introductory text thus faces a double problem: how to provide an exegesis which would capture some of the spirit of the original, without gross and misleading over-simplification; and secondly, how to anchor the argument in the best and most imaginative secondary literature, yet avoid the whole project appearing so fragmented as to make the average book of chess openings seem positively austere. Until fairly recently, matters were made even more difficul t, in that commentaries on Kant were very often of a whole work, say, The Critique of Pure Reason, with the result that students would have to struggle through a very great deal of material indeed in order to feel any confidence at all that they had begun to understand the original writings. Recently, things have changed somewhat. There are now excellent commentaries on "Kant's Analytic", "Kant's Analogies" etc. . We have also seen, (at least as reflected in book titles), a resurgence of interest in what is perhaps the most controversial and far-reaching Kantian claim, viz.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789400929975
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (380p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 43
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 43
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Gerd Buchdahl: Biographical and Bibliographical -- Gerd Buchdahl: A Tribute -- Nature and Science in the Renaissance -- Galileo and the Jesuits -- Descartes and the Rosicrucian Enlightenment -- Descartes’ Conception of Inference -- The Demarcation between Metaphysics and Other Disciplines in the Thought of Leibniz -- Leibniz and Occasionalism -- Vico’s Heroic Metaphor -- Dynamics and Intelligibility: Bernoulli and MacLaurin -- Sensible and Intelligible Worlds in Leibniz and Kant -- Transcendental Reasoning and the Indeterminacy of the Human Point of View -- Buchdahl and Rorty on Kant and the History of Philosophy -- The Early Reception of Kant’s Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science -- The Enlightenment and the Chemical Revolution -- The Significance of Schelling’s “Epoch of a Wholly New Natural History”: An Essay on the Realization of Questions -- Notes on the Contributors.
    Abstract: The essays in this collection have been written for Gerd Buchdahl, by colleagues, students and friends, and are self-standing pieces of original research which have as their main concern the metaphysics and philosophy of science of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. They focus on issues about the development of philosophical and scientific thought which are raised by or in the work of such as Bernoulli, Descartes, Galileo, Kant, Leibniz, Maclaurin, Priestly, Schelling, Vico. Apart from the initial bio-bibliographical piece and those by Robert Butts and Michael Power, they do not discuss Buchdahl or his ideas in any systematic, lengthy, or detailed way. But they are collected under a title which alludes to the book, Metaphysics and the Philosophy of Science: The Classical Origins, Descartes to Kant (1969), which is central in the corpus of his work, and deal with the period and some of the topics with which that book deals.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400927155
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (238p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 32
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics
    Abstract: — Moral Theory and Moral Judgments in Biomedical Ethics -- Section I / Deriving Utilitarian Consequences -- Utilitarian Goals and Kantian Constraints (or: Always True to You, Darling, in my Fashion) -- Utilitarians Among the Optimists -- Utilitarianism and the Informed Consent Requirement (or: Should Utilitarians be Allowed on Medical Research Ethical Review Boards?) -- Reply to Ruddick and Reiman -- Section II / Natural Right Casuistry -- Moral Rights and Causal Casuistry -- Death by Omission -- Coffee and Casuistry: It Doesn’t Matter Who Caused What -- Section III / Marx’s Theory: Deriving Moral Implications -- Marxism and Moral Judgment -- Marx, Moral Judgment, and Medical Ethics: Commentary on Buchanan -- Section IV / Christian Casuistry -- Reconciling the Practice of Reason: Casuistry in a Christian Context -- Christianity in a Social Context: Practical Reasoning and Forgiveness -- Section V / From Theory to Praxis -- The Relation of Moral Theory to Moral Judgments: A Kantian View -- Justification in Ethics -- Theory and Practice in Ethics -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: principles. A second solution to this problem is to develop a scale for weighing the significance of the conflicting principles in a given case and for concluding which action should be adopted because it is supported by the weightier considerations in that case. Such a solution seems more realistic than the lexical ordering approach, but the development of such a scale is a problematic task. Still other, more complex solutions are possible. Which is the best solution to this problem of conflicting principles of bioethics? We need a moral theory to answer that question. This is the first reason for concluding that the principles of bioethics are not the true foundations of justified judgment in bioethics. What is the problem of the unclear scope and implications of the principles of bioethics and how can an appeal to moral theory help deal with that problem? The scope of a bioethical principle is the range of cases in which it applies. The implications of a bioethical principle are the conclusions to be derived from that principle in those cases in which it applies. It is clear from a review of the discussions in bioethics that there are major unclarities about the scope and implications of each of the principles. Consider, for example, the principle of autonomy.
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789400927179
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Germanic languages ; Romance languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: 1 The Principles-and-Parameters Model and the Verb Phrase -- 1.1. From the Generative Tradition to Principles-and-Parameters -- 1.2. V* Constructions -- 1.3. $$ \bar{X} $$-Theory -- 1.4. Predication -- 1.5. Subcategorization and Theta-Theory -- Notes -- 2 Auxiliary Verbs in $$ \bar{X} $$-Theory -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Arguments for VP with Auxiliaries as Specifiers -- 2.3. Auxiliaries as Heads of Full Phrases -- 2.4. Specifiers and Adjuncts of Layered VP -- 2.5. Clausal-Type Restrictions on Occurrences of Aspectuals -- 2.6. Summary and Conclusions -- Notes -- 3 Licensing of VP -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Predication and the Distribution of VP -- 3.3. Theta-marking of VP by INFL -- 3.4. Subcategorization Licensing and the Argumenthood of VP -- 3.5. Auxiliaries and Head-Head Agreement -- 3.6. The Verbal Case Hypothesis -- Appendix: Syntactic Aspect and the Distribution of VP and AP -- Notes -- 4 Proper Government of VP -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Tense-Government -- 4.3. INFL and Tense-Identification -- 4.4. Antecedentless Null VP (VP-Deletion) -- 4.5. Null VP and Auxiliary Clitics (Contraction) -- 4.6. Clitics and Proper Government -- 4.7. VP-Preposing -- Notes -- 5 Structure of VP in Spanish -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Spanish Aspectual and Copular Verbs -- 5.3. The Verbal Complex Hypothesis -- 5.4. Arguments for Standard Phrasal Structure for Auxiliaries -- 5.5. Summary and Discussion -- Notes -- 6 V0 Chains and Government of VP in Spanish -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Issues -- 6.3. Movement of Non-defective (Main) Verbs -- 6.4. V0 Movement of Haber + Participle -- 6.5. Movement of Estar and Ser -- 6.6. Temporal Role Assignment and Agreement in Declaratives -- Notes -- References -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This study is concerned with the structure of verb phrases in English and Spanish, and with syntactic processes involving VP and Vo. A primary focus of attention is auxiliary verbs. It is argued that the structure dominating these verbs is essentially the same in English and Spanish, as is the structure dominating auxiliaries and 'main' verbs in each language. It must be concluded that the occurrence of distinct syntactic processes affecting auxiliaries and other VP constituents in the two languages does not follow from parametrization of phrase structure. It is argued that similarities between the two languages with respect to the composition of so-called "V*" constructions derive from the fact that VP is licensed under both clauses of the Principle of Full Interpretation, i. e. , predication and sub categorization. Distinct syntactic processes in English and Spanish are argued to follow from the fact that there are inflectional features related to each of these licensing conditions (including specification for [ ± PAST) and nominal person/number features) which affect government relations in distinct ways, resulting in parametrization of S-structure representa­ tions. xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my appreCiatIOn to the Department of Romance Languages at the University of Washington for support for preparation of the final manuscript, and to the Department of Spanish, Italian and Portuguese at the University of Virginia for a leave during which much of this research was accomplished.
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  • 43
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400927254
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (572p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness and Healing 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Anthropology ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Sociology. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: I: The Social Sciences and Biomedicine -- Relationships between Society, Culture, and Biomedicine: Introduction to the Essays -- II: Mind, Body, Values, and Society -- Tenacious Assumptions in Western Medicine -- Mind and Body as Metaphors: Hidden Values in Biomedicine -- Psyche, Soma, and Society: The Social Construction of Psychosomatic Disorders -- III: Reproducing Medical Perception and Practice -- Medical Students and the Cadaver in Social and Cultural Context -- Patients, Physicians and Context: Medical Care in the Home -- Discourse, Descriptions and Diagnoses: Reproducing Normal Medicine -- IV: Medicine Evolving, Medicine Adapting -- Space and Time in British General Practice -- Thinking Prevention: Concepts and Constructs in General Practice -- Clinical Science and Clinical Expertise: Changing Boundaries Between Art and Science in Medicine -- V: Medical Construction of life Cycle Processes -- Babyhood: The Social Construction of Infant Care as a Medical Problem in England in the Years Around 1900 -- Menopause as Process or Event: The Creation of Definitions in Biomedicine -- On the Boundary of Life and Death: The Definition of Dying by Medical Residents -- VI: Biomedical Knowledge and Practice Across Cultures -- A Nation at Risk: Interpretations of School Refusal in Japan -- Medical Practice in Response to a Folk Illness: The Treatment of Nervios in Costa Rica -- VII: Constructing the “Ordinary” out of the “Extraordinary” -- Physicians and the Disclosure of Undesirable Information -- The Technological Imperative in Medical Practice: The Social Creation of a “Routine” Treatment -- The Social Construction of a Machine: Ritual, Superstition, Magical Thinking and Other Pragmatic Responses to Running a CT Scanner -- List of Contributors -- Author Index.
    Abstract: The culture of contemporary medicine is the object of investigation in this book; the meanings and values implicit in biomedical knowledge and practice and the social processes through which they are produced are examined through the use of specific case studies. The essays provide examples of how various facets of 20th century medicine, including edu­ cation, research, the creation of medical knowledge, the development and application of technology, and day to day medical practice, are per­ vaded by a value system characteristic of an industrial-capitalistic view of the world in which the idea that science represents an objective and value free body of knowledge is dominant. The authors of the essays are sociologists and anthropologists (in almost equal numbers); also included are papers by a social historian and by three physicians all of whom have steeped themselves in the social sci­ ences and humanities. This co-operative endeavor, which has necessi­ tated the breaking down of disciplinary barriers to some extent, is per­ haps indicative of a larger movement in the social sciences, one in which there is a searching for a middle ground between grand theory and attempts at universal explanations on the one hand, and the context-spe­ cific empiricism and relativistic accounts characteristic of many historical and anthropological analyses on the other.
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  • 44
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400927414
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 24
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: One: Foundations of Mathematics -- 1. From the foundations of Protothetic -- 2. Definitions and theses of Le?niewski’s Ontology -- 3. Class theory -- Two: Peano Arithmetic and Whitehead’s Theory of Events -- 4. Primitive terms of arithmetic -- 5. Inductive definitions -- 6. Whitehead’s theory of events -- List of seminars and courses delivered by Le?niewski at Warsaw University between 1919 and 1939.
    Abstract: Stanislaw Lesniewski (1886-1939) was one of the leading Polish logicians and founders of the Warsaw School of Logic whose membership included, beside himself, Jan Lukasiewicz, Tadeusz Kotarbinski, Alfred Tarski, and many others. In his lifetime LeSniewski published only a few hundred pages. He produced many important results in many areas of mathematics; these stood in various relations to each other, and to materials produced by others, and, in time, created more and more editorial problems. Very many were left unpublished at the time of his death. Then in 1944 in the fire of Warsaw the whole of this material was burned and lost -a considerable loss since a great deal of what is important could have been reconstructed from these notes. The present publication aims at presenting unique Lesniewski's materials from alternative sources comprising lecture notes taken during some of Lesniewski's lectures and seminars delivered at the University of Warsaw be­ tween the two world wars. The editors are aware of the limitations of student notes which cannot compensate for the loss of the original materials. However, they are unique in reflecting Lesniewski's ideas as he himself presented them. Already at the time of his death it was realized that these notes would provide a unique access to Lesniewski's own thought as well as a valuable record of some of the activities of the Warsaw School of Logic.
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  • 45
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400927292
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics
    Abstract: The Internal Structure of the Syllable -- Reading Complex Words -- A Synthesis of Some Recent Work in Sentence Production -- The Isolability of Syntactic Processing -- Neuropsychological Evidence for Linguistic Modularity -- Parsing Complexity and a Theory of Parsing -- Comprehending Sentences with Long-Distance Dependencies -- Thematic Structures and Sentence Comprehension -- Integrating Information in Text Comprehension: The Interpretation of Anaphoric Noun Phrases -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The papers in this volume are intended to exemplify the state of experimental psycho linguistics in the middle to later 1980s. Our over­ riding impression is that the field has come a long way since the earlier work of the 1950s and 1960s, and that the field has emerged with a renewed strength from a difficult period in the 1970s. Not only are the theoretical issues more sharply defined and integrated with existing issues from other domains ("modularity" being one such example), but the experimental techniques employed are much more sophisticated, thanks to the work of numerous psychologists not necessarily interested in psycholinguistics, and thanks to improving technologies unavailable a few years ago (for instance, eye-trackers). We selected papers that provide a coherent, overall picture of existing techniques and issues. The volume is organized much as one might organize an introductory linguistics course - beginning with sound and working "up" to mean­ ing. Indeed, the first paper, Rebecca Treiman's, begins with considera­ tion of syllable structure, a phonological consideration, and the last, Alan Garnham's, exemplifies some work on the interpretation of pro­ nouns, a semantic matter. In between are found works concentrating on morphemes, lexical structures, and syntax. The cross-section represented in this volume is by necessity incom­ plete, since we focus only on experimental work directed at under­ standing how adults comprehend and produce language. We do not include any works on language acquisition, first or second.
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  • 46
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400929036
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sovietica, Publications and Monographs of the Institute of East-European Studies at the University of Fribourg / Switzerland and the Center for East Europe, Russia and Asia at Boston College and the Seminar for Political Theory and Philosophy at the University of Munich 52
    Series Statement: Sovietica 52
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: One The Human Context -- From ‘Individual’ to ‘Subject’: Marx and Dewey on the Person -- Science, Psychology, and Human Values in the Context of Dewey’s Critique of Marx -- Text, Context, and the Existential Limit: A Jamesian Strain in Marx and Dewey -- Two The Cultural/Political Context -- Politics, Culture and Society in Marx and Dewey -- Dewey’s Understanding of Marx and Marxism -- Philosophy and Politics: A Historical Approach to Marx and Dewey -- The Politics After Deconstruction: Rorty, Dewey, and Marx -- Three The Metaphysical Context -- Marx and Dewey on the Unity of Theory and Practice -- Naturalism, Dialectical Materialism, and an Ontology of Constitutive Relations.
    Abstract: "I should venture to assert that the most pervasive fallacy of philosophic thinking goes back to neglect of context. III John Dewey " . . . philosophers do not grow like mushrooms, out of the earth; they are the outgrowth of their period, their nation, whose most subtle, delicate and invisible juices abound in the philosophical ideas. ,,2 Karl Marx Few issues are more heatedly debated in contemporary philosophy circles than that of con textual ism vs. foundationalism. The genesis for the debate was the publication in 1979 of Richard Rorty's Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature, which announ~ed the death of traditional philosophy. By "traditional" here is meant the quest for a certain or apodictic bedrock upon which an overall general theory or schema might be erected. This approach, for Rorty, characterized most previous philosophy, but especially the era from Descartes to Kant. Further, the three major philosophic thinkers of the 20th century, Dewey, Heidegger, and Wittgenstein, each initially tried to construct a foundational philosophy but each of the three, in his later work, broke free of the Kantian conception of philosophy as foundational, and spent his time warning us against those very temptations to which he himself had once succumbed. Thus their later work is therapeutic rather than constructive, edifying rather than systematic, designed to make the reader question his own motives for philosophizing rather than to 3 supply him with a new philosophical program.
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  • 47
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400928299
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (480p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 38
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Vienna, Warsaw, Copenhagen -- The Cracow Circle -- Austrian Origins of Logical Positivism -- The Approach to Metaphysics in the Lvov-Warsaw School -- Ajdukiewicz’s Contribution to the Realism/Idealism Debate -- Towards Universal Grammars Carnap’s and Ajdukiewicz’ Contributions -- Principles of Categorial Grammar in the Light of Current Formalisms -- On ‘Categorial Grammar’ -- Meta-Ethics: Contributions from Vienna and Warsaw -- The Project to Create an Empirical Ethical Theory -- Mereology and Metaphysics: From Boethius of Dacia to Lesniewski -- Definitions in Russell, in the Vienna Circle and in the Lvov-Warsaw School -- ?ukasiewicz, Meinong, and Many-Valued Logic -- ?ukasiewiczian Logic of Tenses and The Problem of Determinism -- Kasimir Twardowski: An Essay on The Borderlines of Ontology, Psychology and Logic -- Some Remarks on the Place of Logical Empiricism in 20th Century Philosophy -- De Veritate: Austro-Polish Contributions to the Theory of Truth from Brentano to Tarski -- The Lvov-Warsaw School and the Vienna Circle.
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  • 48
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400928978
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sovietica, Publications and Monographs of the Institute of East-European Studies at the University of Fribourg / Switzerland and the Center for East Europe, Russia and Asia at Boston College and the Seminar for Political Theory and Philosophy at the University of Munich 51
    Series Statement: Sovietica 51
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Lukács’ Marxist Thought -- The Critical Thought of Georg Lukács -- Georg Lukács and the Bourgeois Mind in the Twentieth Century -- Lukács in the Eyes of Western Philosophy Today -- II Themes in History and Class Consciousness -- Lukács’ Concept of Ideology -- Objectivism and the Rise of Cultural Alienation -- Reification from Lukács to Halbermas -- Reification Re-examined -- The Question of Organization in the Early Marxist Work of Lukács. Technique or Praxis? -- Is There a ‘Proletarian Standpoint’? -- Lukács’ Wake: Praxis, Presence and Metaphysics -- III Lukács on Hegel -- Lukács’ Hegel Interpretation -- Lukács on Modern Philosophy -- IV Lukács’ Later Thought -- Lukács’ Ontology.
    Abstract: As this century nears an end, it has become increasingly clear that Georg Lukacs is one of the most ta.1ented intellectuals of our time, not only in the Marxist tradition, but in general. Lukacs' name is well­ known, and his views are increasingly attracting attention; but it cannot be said that his thought has so far been widely studied, or that it has been studied to the degree its place in the Marxist tradition warrants or its intrinsic interest demands. In the relatively short period since Lukacs' death, there have been a number of books and many articles devoted to his work. But, despite some efforts in that direction, there is still no adequate treatment of his work as a whole, surely a formidable task.! If, as I believe, Lukacs is the most important Marxist philosopher since Marx, and one of the most influential intellectual figures of this century, then surely his ideas are worth scrutinizing frequently and in detail. This is not the place to provide a general description either of Lukacs' life or of his work. Descriptions of his life, especially his early career, are widely available. For present purposes, it will suffice to provide only the barest mention of some biographical facts, together with a brief account of some items in his bibliography.
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789400927667
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 149 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Cohen, Charles L. [Rezension von: Golden, R. M., The Huguenot Connection: The Edict of Nantes, Its Revocation, and Early French Migration to South Carolina] 1990
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 125
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 125
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History
    Abstract: The Crown, the Huguenots, and the Edict of Nantes -- Understanding the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes from the Perspective of the French Court -- The Revocation of the Edict of Nantes and Huguenot Migration to South Carolina -- Chronological Table -- Appendix I: The Edict of Nantes -- Appendix II: The Revocation of the Edict of Nantes -- Appendix III: Letter from Louis Thibou, 20 September 1683.
    Abstract: Richard M. Golden Possibly the most famous event in Louis XIV's long reign (1643-1715) was the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, issued by the French king on 17 October 1685 and registered five days later by the parlement of _Paris, a sovereign judicial institution having jurisdiction over approximately one-half of the kingdom. The Edict of Fontainebleau (the Revocation's technical name, derived from the palace southeast of Paris where Louis had signed the act) declared illegal the public profession of Calvinist Protestantism and led perhaps as many as 200,000 Huguenots/ as French Protestants were known, to flee their homeland. They did so despite royal decrees against emigration and the harsh punishment (prison for women, the galleys for men) awaiting those caught escaping. The Revocation is a landmark in the checkered history of religious toleration (or intolerance); Huguenots, many Roman Catholics, and historians of all persuasions have heaped scorn on Louis XIV for withdrawing the Edict of Nantes, issued by his grandfather, Henry IV (1589-1610). King Henry had proclaimed the 1598 Edict to be both "perpetual" and "irrevocable. " Although one absolutist king could not bind his successors and although "irrevocable" in the context of French law simply meant irrevocable until superseded by another edict, historians have accused Louis XIV of 2 breaking faith with Henry IV and the Huguenots. Louis did only what Henry prob­ ably would have done had he possessed the requisite power.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789400928732
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (494p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 107
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 107
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: A Narrative of Personal Events and Ideas -- List of Published Writings of Lewis Feuer -- On the Reality of Economic Illusion -- Institutional Economics as an Ideological Movement -- Generalization, Value-Judgment and Causal Explanation in History -- Theory and Practice: An Unsteady Dichotomy? -- Development and Underdevelopment: Conflicting Pespectives on the Third World -- Occupational Mobility: A Personal Perspective -- From Animism to Rationalism -- Toward Greater Equality -- Left-Wing Fascism and Right-Wing Communism: The Fission-Fusion Effect in American Extremist Ideologies -- The Nature of Bronson Alcott -- Is Marxism a Religion? -- Judaism in the Culture of Modernism -- Panteleimon Kulish — A Ukrainian Romantic Conservative -- Idea (English and Polish Versions) -- Organizational Weapons and Political Sects -- Millenarianism in England, Holland and America: Jewish and Christian Relations in England, Holland and Newport, Rhode Island -- John Dewey’s Philosophy of War and Peace -- To L.F. from V.C.R., 1984 -- China Today: Retreat from Mao and Return to Marx? -- Life and Work: A Biography of Lord Kelvin Reconsidered -- The Case of Lewis S. Feuer, Crime Writer -- After Strange Gods: Radical Jews in Modern America -- The Concept of Alienation Revisited -- List of Contributors -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Two articles by Lewis Feuer caught my attention in the '40s when 1 was wondering, asa student physicist, about the relations of physics to philosophy and to the world in turmoil. One was his essay on 'The Development of Logical Empiricism' (1941), and the other his critical review of Philipp Frank's biography of Einstein, 'Philosophy and the Theory of Relativity' (1947). How extraordinary it was to find so intelligent, independent, critical, and humane a mind; and furthermore he went further, as I soon realized when I looked for his name on other publications. I recall arguing with myself over his exploration of 'Indeterminacy and Economic Development' (1948), and even more when I read his 'Dialectical Materialism and Soviet Science' (1949). More papers, and then the fascinating, sometimes irritating, always insightful, books. His monograph on Psychoanalysis and Ethics 1955, the beautiful sociological and humanist study of Spinoza and the Rise of Liberalism (1958), his essays on 'The Social Roots of Einstein's Theory of Relativity' (1971) together with the book on Einstein and the Genera­ tions of Science (1974), the splendid reader from the works of Marx and Engels, Basic Writings on Politics and Philosophy (1959) which was a major text of the '60s, the stimulating essays on the social formation which seems to have been required for a modern scientific movement to develop, set forth most convincingly in The Scientific Intellectual (1963).
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789400930254
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (484p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 111
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 111
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: I -- The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes: A Retrospect -- Deductive Heuristics -- Development of Science as a Change of Types -- Methodology and Ontology -- Imre Lakatos in China -- On the Characterization of Cognitive Progress -- II -- Continuity and Discontinuity in the Definition of a Disciplinary Field: The Case of XXth Century Physics -- Determinism, Probability and Randomness in Classical Statistical Physics -- The Emergence of a Research Programme in Classical Thermodynamics -- The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes and Some Developments in High Energy Physics -- Many-Particle Physics: Calculational Complications that Become a Blessing for Methodology -- The Relative Autonomy of Theoretical Science and the Role of Crucial Experiments in the Development of Superconductivity Theory -- III -- Lakatos on the Evaluation of Scientific Theories -- Methodological Sophisticationism: A Degenerating Project -- Through the Looking Glass: Philosophy, Research Programmes and the Scientific Community -- A Critical Consideration of the Lakatosian Concepts: “Mature” and “Immature” Science -- Bridge Structures and the Borderline Between the Internal and External History of Science -- IV -- Corroboration, Verisimilitude, and the Success of Science -- Machine Models for the Growth of Knowledge: Theory Nets in PROLOG -- Louis Althusser and Joseph D. Sneed: A Strange Encounter in Philosophy of Science? -- On Incommensurability -- Partial Interpretation, Meaning Variance, and Incommensurability -- Scientific Discovery and Commensurability of Meaning -- V -- Proofs and Refutations: A Reassessment -- Counterfactual Reduction -- Research Programmes and Paradigms as Dialogue Structures -- Philosophy of Science and the Technological Dimension of Science -- Falsificationism Looked at from an “Economic” Point of View -- VI -- The Bayesian Alternative to the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes -- Frege and Popper: Two Critics of Psychologism -- Has Popper Been a Good Thing? -- Popper’s Propensities: An Ontological Interpretation of Probability.
    Abstract: How happy it is to recall Imre Lakatos. Now, fifteen years after his death, his intelligence, wit, generosity are vivid. In the Preface to the book of Essays in Memory of Imre Lakatos (Boston Studies, 39, 1976), the editors wrote: ... Lakatos was a man in search of rationality in all of its forms. He thought he had found it in the historical development of scientific knowledge, yet he also saw rationality endangered everywhere. To honor Lakatos is to honor his sharp and aggressive criticism as well as his humane warmth and his quick wit. He was a person to love and to struggle with. The book before us carries old and new friends of that Lakatosian spirit further into the issues which he wanted to investigate. That the new friends include a dozen scientific, historical and philosophical scholars from Greece would have pleased Lakatos very much, and with an essay from China, he would have smiled all the more. But the key lies in the quality of these papers, and in the imaginative organization of the conference at Thessaloniki in summer 1986 which worked so well.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789400928657
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 42
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 42
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I / Decisions and Games -- Conditional Preference and Causal Expected Utility -- Causal Decision Theory and Game Theory: A Classic Argument for Equilibrium Solutions, a Defense of Weak Equilibria, and a New Problem for the Normal Form Representation -- Consistency and Decision: Variations on Ramseyan Themes -- Powers -- II / Rational Belief Change -- Causation and the Dynamics of Belief -- Ordinal Conditional Functions: A Dynamic Theory of Epistemic States -- The Logic of Evolution, and the Reduction of Holistic-Coherent Systems to Hierarchical-Feedback Systems -- III / Statistics -- Four Themes in Statistical Explanation -- Artificial Intelligence for Statistical and Causal Modelling.
    Abstract: The papers collected here are, with three exceptions, those presented at a conference on probability and causation held at the University of California at Irvine on July 15-19, 1985. The exceptions are that David Freedman and Abner Shimony were not able to contribute the papers that they presented to this volume, and that Clark Glymour who was not able to attend the conference did contribute a paper. We would like to thank the National Science Foundation and the School of Humanities of the University of California at Irvine for generous support. WILLIAM HARPER University of Western Ontario BRIAN SKYRMS University of California at Irvine Vll INTRODUCTION PART I: DECISIONS AND GAMES Causal notions have recently corne to figure prominently in discussions about rational decision making. Indeed, a relatively influential new approach to theorizing about rational choice has come to be called "causal decision theory". 1 Decision problems such as Newcombe's Problem and some versions of the Prisoner's Dilemma where an act counts as evidence for a desired state even though the agent knows his choice of that act cannot causally influence whether or not the state obtains have motivated causal decision theorists.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789401733502
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 305 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 30
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Comparative Literature ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Questions of Method: On Describing the Individual as Exemplary -- 2. The Necessity of Intersubjectivity -- 3. Existence and Essence in Thomas and Husserl -- 4. A Phenomenological Exploration of Popper’s ‘World 3’ -- 5. Dwelling -- 6. Textuality and the Origin of the Work of Art -- 7. On the Occlusion of the Subject: Heidegger and Lacan -- 8. From the Deconstruction of Hermeneutics to the Hermeneutics of Deconstruction -- 9. Communication Science and Merleau-Ponty’s Critique of the Objectivist Illusion -- 10. Merleau-Ponty: The Depth of Memory as the Depth of the World -- 11. Towards an Erotics of Art -- 12. Merleau-Ponty on Silence and the Work of Philosophy -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: lacan. Barthes. Jakobson. Horkheimer. Adorno. Gadamer. Ricoeur. Foucault. Deleuze. Derrida. lyotard. Vattimo. Kofman. and Irigaray are also part of that outer horizon of continental philosophy. The purpose of this volume however is to establish that space within the core of continental philosophy -­ specifically in relation to the work of Husserl. Heidegger. and Merleau-Ponty -- and to move out to some of its various horizons. In some cases. these horizons are set by the history of philosophy. in others by newer directions in contemporary philosophy. and in others by alternative modes of philosophizing. The horizons also appear in areas as diverse as epistemology and the philosophy of science. metaphysics. philosophical psychology. and aesthetics. Furthermore. these limits are set by the relationships between philosophy and other disciplines such as psychology. communication theory. and the arts. Nevertheless the volume is organized around each of the three major figures in the phenomenological core of continental philosophy. The twelve essays provide important investigations into current research -- they represent the range and skills of contemporary work in relation to Husserl. Heidegger. and Merleau-Ponty. In themselves however they indicate advances in philosophical research and are hardly simple commentaries on these three figures. Husserl. Heidegger. and Merleau-Ponty constitute texts on the basis of which phenomenology is taken to its limits -- and even beyond.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789401578110
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 428 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 197
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of mind
    Abstract: I / Conceptual and Categorical Theories of Analogical Understanding -- Categories and Analogies -- Some Constraints on Embodied Analogical Understanding -- Metaphorical Style as Message -- II / Computational and Cognitive Theories of Analogical Reasoning -- Analogy — From a Unified Perspective -- Dimensions of Analogy -- Analogical Transfer: Processes and Individual Differences -- Abstraction-Based Analogical Inference -- Viewing Metaphor as Analogy -- Combining Analogies in Mental Models -- Arguing by Analogy in Law: A Case-Based Model -- III / Logical and Probabilistic Theories of Analogical Reasoning -- Determination, Uniformity, and Relevance: Normative Criteria for Generalization and Reasoning by Analogy -- Analogy by Similarity -- Analogy and Similarity in Scientific Reasoning -- Inductive Analogy by Similarity and Proximity -- IV / Analogy and Information Processing: Perspectives of the Philosophy of Science -- Theories, Family Resemblances and Analogy -- Hypothesis Formation Using Part-Whole Interrelations -- Analogical Information Processing within Scientific Metaphors -- Analogies Hard and Soft -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: In the last few years, there has been an enormous amount of activity in the study of analogy and metaphor. This is partly because of an interest of artificial intelligence researchers in simulating learning processes using analogy. It also arises from critical examinations of standard theories in the philosophy of language, with their inbuilt literal/meta­ phoric distinction. This volume consists of recent previously unpub­ lished work in this area, with a particular emphasis upon the role of analogies in reasoning and, more generally, their role in thought and language. The papers are contributed by philosophers, computer scientists, cognitive scientists and literary critics. Researchers in these fields whose focus is the study of analogy and metaphor will find much of interest in this volume. These essays can also serve as an introduction to some of the major approaches taken in the investigation of analogy. As noted, this volume brings together the work of researchers in several different disciplines. The various approaches taken with respect to the understanding of analogy tend to be rather different, however, the articles suggest a common conclusion. Analogy and metaphor pervade thought and language; their close investigation thus constitutes a valuable contribution to our understanding of persons. DAVID H. HELMAN Case Western Reserve University vii PART I CONCEPTUAL AND CATEGORICAL THEORIES OF ANALOGICAL UNDERSTANDING MARK TURNER CATEGORIES AND ANALOGIES I want to pursue the following claims: The way we categorize helps explain the way we recognize a statement as an analogy.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789401578073
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 369 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 30
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Endogenous growth (Economics) ; Ethics ; Public health ; Economic development. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Value Conflicts in Allocation and Care -- National Health Care Systems: Conflicting Visions -- National Health Care Systems: Concurring Conflicts -- National Health Care Systems -- An Ethical Evaluation of Health Care in the United States -- The Health Care System of the Federal Republic of Germany: Moral Issues and Public Policy -- The American and West German Health Care Systems: A Physician’s Reflections -- Socialism, Equity, and Cost Containment in Health: The French Experience -- Ethics and Health Policy in the Netherlands -- Health in the U.S.S.R.: Organization, Trends, and Ethics -- The Public and Private Regulation of Health Care Markets -- Justice as Fairness or Fairness as Prudence? -- Macro-Allocation and Micro-Allocation -- Macro-Allocation in Health Care in the Federal Republic of Germany -- The Macro-Allocation of Health Care Resources -- Rights, Reasonable Expectations, and Rationing: A Commentary on the Essays of Ruth Mattheis and Baruch Brody -- Political-Medical Allocations in the Compulsory Health Insurance Program in the Federal Republic of Germany -- Micro-Allocation in the Health Care System: Fiscal Consolidation with Structural Reforms? -- Medical Micro-Allocation: Is and Ought -- Preventive Medicine, Occupational Health, and Future Issues -- Preventive Interventionism and Individual Liberty -- Improving Occupational Health in the Federal Republic of Germany -- A View from a Clinician’s Window -- Epilogue.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401165259
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 166 p) , digital
    Edition: Second edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Tutorial Guides in Electronic Engineering 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Basic Concepts -- Algorithm -- Programming languages -- Software tools -- Pascal -- Identifiers -- Pascal structure -- Comments -- Examples of bad and good programming -- 2 Scalar Data Type: Constant, Integer, Real. Input-Output -- Constant definition -- Variable declarations -- Integers -- Reals -- Pascal arithmetic -- Arithmetic functions -- Input to a program -- Output from a program -- Formatted output -- A step by step development of simple Pascal programs -- 3 Scalar Data Type: Char, Boolean, Enumerated and Subrange. The Array Data Structure -- Computer character set -- The data type character -- Input and output of character variables -- Standard function identifiers for character -- The data type boolean -- Operator hierarchy -- Standard functions for boolean -- Scalar data type -- Enumerated scalar data type -- Subrange scalar data type -- The array data structure -- 4 Conditional, Repetitive and Goto Statements -- Assignment statement -- Compound statement -- The if statement -- The case statement -- The while-do statement -- The repeat-until statement -- The for-statement -- The goto statement -- 5 Functions and Procedures -- Why use functions and procedures? -- Functions -- Local declarations within functions -- Scope of identifiers and side effects -- Procedures -- Procedures with no formal parameters -- Procedures with value parameters -- Using global variables -- Procedures with variable parameters -- Procedural and functional parameters -- Recursion -- Forward directive -- 6 Structured Data Types: Array, File, Set and Record. The Pointer Data Type -- The array structure -- Arrays as subprogram parameters -- Packed arrays -- Strings -- The file structure -- Standard Pascal procedures for files -- Textfiles and standard procedures -- The set structure -- Set operators -- The record structure -- Variant record -- The pointer data type -- 7 Case Studies -- Network transfer functions -- Transfer function analysis program -- Active filter synthesis -- Active circuit synthesis program -- Linear passive circuits -- Circuit analysis program -- Appendix A Syntax diagrams -- Appendix B Pascal special symbols -- Standard Pascal identifiers -- Description of standard functions -- References.
    Abstract: In the last few years there has been a tremendous increase in the number of Pascal courses taught at various levels in schools and universities. Also with the advances made in electronics it is possible today for the majority of people to own or have access to a microcomputer which invariably runs BASIC and Pascal. A number of Pascal implementations exist and in the last two years a new Pascal specification has emerged. This specification has now been accepted as the British Standard BS6192 (1982). This standard also forms the technical content of the proposed International Standard IS07185. In addition to a separate knowledge of electronic engineering and programming a marriage of engineering and computer science is required. The present method of teaching Pascal in the first year of electronic engineering courses is wasteful. Little, if any, benefit is derived from a course that only teaches Pascal and its use with abstract examples. What is required is continued practice in the use of Pascal to solve meaningful problems in the student's chosen discipline. The purpose of this book is to make the use of standard Pascal (BS6192) as natural a tool in solving engineering problems as possible. In order to achieve this aim, only problems in or related to electrical and elec­ tronic engineering are considered in this book. The many worked examples are of various degrees of difficulty ranging from a simple example to bias a transistor to programs that analyse passive RLC networks or synthesise active circuits.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400926752
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements ; Assessment.
    Abstract: 1 Teacher Selection: A Problem of Admission Criteria, Certification Criteria, or Prediction of Job Performance? -- 2 Evaluation of Teacher Education Programs -- 3 The Professional Education Unit -- 4 An Outcomes-Based Teacher Preparation Program -- 5 Teacher Education Follow-up Evaluation: How To Do It -- 6 Pupil Achievement: The Weakest Link in the Evaluation Chain -- 7 Reflections on Conference Proceedings for the Center for Teacher Education Evaluation -- 8 Some Missing Links.
    Abstract: In an age that dictates accountability and verifiability of educational programs, institutions of higher education are called on to justify their programs. To meet these demands, there is a need for improved methods for the evaluation of teacher education programs. More importantly, there is a need for the development of methods and procedures to conduct continuous and on-going evaluation that can aid the process of program improvement. Many institutions have had difficulties in developing and implementing satisfactory systems for conducting needed evaluation. In recent years the standards for the approval of teacher education programs in all of the states were strengthened as were the standards for approval by the National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE). These revised standards put even more emphasis on accountability and the need for both summative and formative evaluation in a teacher education program. Tennessee Technological University has long been recognized as an institution with an exemplary project in program evaluation. As a result, in 1986, the state of Tennessee established at Tennessee Technological University, a Center for Teacher Education Evaluation. The Center began work in July 1986, on the development of models and systems for conducting teacher education program evaluation. To most, teacher education program evaluation is simple and straightforward. Evaluation includes a set of options, a set of criteria, data collection and interpretation, x and then use in meeting accountability needs.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789400927315
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (342p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness, and Healing 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology
    Abstract: 1. Patterns of Continuity and Change -- 2. Infection, Innovation and Residence: Illness and Misfortune in the Torricelli Foothills from 1800 -- 3. Western Medicine and the Continuity of Belief: the Maisin of Collingwood Bay, Oro Province -- 4. Doktas and Shamans among the Sambia of Papua New Guinea -- 5. Illness and Ideology: Aspects of Health Care on Goodenough Island -- 6. Health Care and Medical Pluralism: Cases from Mount Hagen -- 7. The Place of Western Medicine in Ponam Theories of Health and Illness -- 8. The Amele and Dr Braun: a History of Early Experience with Western Medicine in Papua New Guinea -- 9. Medical Pluralism among the Yangoru Boiken -- 10. The Doctor and the Curer: Medical Theory and Practice in Kove -- 11. Gender in the Diet and Health of the Wopkaimin -- 12. Complementarity in Medical Treatment in a West New Britain Society -- 13. Modernity and Medicine among the Maring -- List of Contributors -- References -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789400926479
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (266p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 200
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Essay 1. Is Alethic Modal Logic Possible? -- Essay 2. Reasoning About Knowledge in Philosophy: The Paradigm of Epistemic Logic -- Essay 3. Are There Nonexistent Objects? Why Not? But Where Are They? -- Essay 4. On Sense, Reference, and the Objects of Knowledge -- Essay 5. Impossible Possible Worlds Vindicated -- Essay 6. Towards a General Theory of Individuation and Identification -- Essay 7. On the Proper Treatment of Quantifiers in Montague Semantics -- Essay 8. The Cartesian cogito, Epistemic Logic and Neuroscience: Some Surprising Interrelations -- Essay 9. Quine on Who’s Who -- Essay 10. How Can Language Be Sexist? -- Essay 11. On Denoting What? -- Essay 12. Degrees and Dimensions of Intentionality -- Essay 13. Situations, Possible Worlds and Attitudes -- Essay 14. Questioning as a Philosophical Method -- Erratum -- Index of Subjects -- Index of Names.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400927032
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Russian language ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Balto-Slavic linguistic unity.
    Abstract: 1. Overview of Case in Russian -- 1. Case in Russian -- 2. The Representation of Case -- 3. Assignment of Case -- 4. The Case of Adjectives -- 5. Agreement -- 6. Second Predicate Modifiers -- 2. Object Case Marking and The Genitive of Negation -- 1. Lexically Governed Alternation -- 2. Genitive of Negation -- 3. Distinct Mechanisms for Genitive Marking -- 4. Other Types of Negation -- 5. Scope, Interpretation, and Distribution of [+Q] -- 6. Accusative/Genitive Alternation and Polarity Sensitivity -- 7. The Feature [Q] and Semantics -- 8. Summary -- 3. Apparent Genitive Subjects Within the Scope of Negation -- 1. Demotion -- 2. Do Genitive Subjects Exist? -- 3. Formalization of the Rule of Demotion -- 4. Numeral Phrases and Quantifier Phrases -- 1. Numeral Phrases -- 2. Quantifier Phrases -- 3. Disagreement about Non-agreeing Phrases -- 4. One Million -- 5. Summary -- 5. Subject Case Marking and Case Agreement of Modifiers -- 1. Data -- 2. Adjuncts and Complements -- 3. Agreement and Control Relations -- 4. Comparison with Alternative Accounts -- 5. Conclusions -- 6. Consequences for a Theory of Case -- 1. Long-Distance Phenomena and Control Relations -- 2. Toward a Theory of Russian Case -- 3. LFG and the Theory of Case -- 4. Conclusions -- Appendix I: Abbreviations and Transliteration -- 1. List of Abbreviations for Sentence Glosses -- 2. Transliteration -- Appendix II: Declension Paradigms -- Appendix III: Lexical Functional Grammar -- 1. Organization -- 2. Phrase Structure Rules -- 3. Lexical Entries -- 4. Lexical Redundancy Rules -- 5. Functional Well-Formedness -- 6. Possible Rules -- 7. Theory of Control and Complementation -- 7.1. Complements vs. Adjuncts -- 7.2. Open Complements -- 7.3. Open Adjuncts -- 7.4. Closed Complements -- 7.5. Closed Adjuncts -- 7.6. The Constituency of Complements -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400930612
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 201
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Statistics ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1: Logical, Methodological and Philosophical Aspects of Probability -- Probability: A Composite Concept -- Two Faces and three Masks of Probability -- Ambiguous Uses of Probability -- Some Logical Distinctions Exploited by Differing Analyses of Pascalian Probability -- Probability and Confirmation -- Chance, Cause and the State-Space Approach -- World as System Self-synthesized by Quantum Networking -- A Brief Note on the Relationship between Probability, Selective Strategies and Possible Models -- 2: Probability, Statistics and Information -- Critical Replications for Statistical Design -- The Contribution of A.N. Kolmogorov to the Notion of Entropy -- The Probability of Singular Events -- Probability, Randomness and Information -- 3: Probability in the Natural Sciences -- Probability, Organization and Evolution in Biochemistry -- Relativity and Probability, Classical and Quantal -- Probabilistic Ontology and Space-Time: Updating an Historical Debate -- Probability and the Mystery of Quantum Mechanics -- Probability and Determinism in Quantum Theory -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Probability has become one of the most characteristic con­ cepts of modern culture, and a 'probabilistic way of thinking' may be said to have penetrated almost every sector of our in­ tellectual life. However it would be difficult to determine an explicit list of 'positive' features, to be proposed as identifica­ tion marks of this way of thinking. One would rather say that it is characterized by certain 'negative' features, i. e. by certain at­ titudes which appear to be the negation of well established tra­ ditional assumptions, conceptual frameworks, world outlooks and the like. It is because of this opposition to tradition that the probabilistic approach is perceived as expressing a 'modern' in­ tellectual style. As an example one could mention the widespread diffidence in philosophy with respect to self -contained systems claiming to express apodictic truths, instead of which much weaker pretensions are preferred, that express 'probable' interpretations of reality, of history, of man (the hermeneutic trend). An ana­ logous example is represented by the interest devoted to the study of different patterns of 'argumentation', dealing wiht reasonings which rely not so much on the truth of the premisses and stringent formal logic links, but on a display of contextual conditions (depending on the audience, and on accepted stan­ dards, judgements, and values), which render the premisses and the conclusions more 'probable' (the new rhetoric).
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400926998
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (380p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 1
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science.
    Abstract: Prologue -- The Semantics of Clocks -- I / Ontological Foundations -- The Pseudorealization Fallacy and the Chinese Room Argument -- In Praise of Narrow Minds: The Frame Problem -- Syntactic Semantics: Foundations of Computational Natural-Language Understanding -- Signs and Minds: An Introduction to the Theory of Semiotic Systems -- Logic for the New AI -- II / Epistemological Dimensions -- Artificial Intelligence is Philosophy -- Artificial Intelligence as an Experimental Science -- Defeasible Reasoning: A Philosophical Analysis in Prolog -- When is Reasoning Nonmonotonic? -- Artificial Intelligence and Effective Epistemology -- Maintaining an Inductive Database -- Epilogue -- Automating Creativity -- Index of Names -- Index of Subject.
    Abstract: This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information and data-processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psychology through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and to computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual and epistemological aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimental and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. The present volume illustrates the approach represented by this series. It addresses fundamental questions lying at the heart of artificial intelligence, including those of the relative virtues of computational and of non-computational conceptions of language and of mind, whether AI should be envisioned as a philosophical or as a scientific discipline, the theoretical character of patterns of inference and modes of argumenta­ tion (especially, defeasible and inductive reasoning), and the relations that may obtain between AI and epistemology. Alternative positions are developed in detail and subjected to vigorous debate in the justifiable expectation that - here as elsewhere - critical inquiry provides the most promising path to discovering the truth about ourselves and the world around us. lH.F.
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  • 63
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400926493
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (448p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 40
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Semantics, Wisconsin Style -- Representation and Covariation -- Individualism and Psychology -- Thoughts and Belief Ascriptions -- The Alleged Evidence for Representationalism -- Narrow Content -- A Farewell to Functionalism -- Metaphysical Arguments for Internalism and Why They Don’t Work -- Dual Aspect Semantics -- Innate Representations -- Reflexive Reflections -- Some Reductive Strategies in Cognitive Neurobiology -- Computation, Representation, and Content in Noncognitive Theories of Perception -- Beliefs Out of Control -- Intentionality -- Postscript October, 1987 -- Intentionality Speaks for Itself -- A Narrow Representational Theory of the Mind -- Name Index.
    Abstract: This collection of papers on issues in the theory of mental representation expresses a diversity of recent reflections on the idea that C. D. Broad so aptly characterized in the title of his book Mind and the World Order. An important impetus in the project of organizing this work were the discussions I had with Keith Lehrer while I was a Visiting Scholar in the department of Philosophy at the University of Arizona. His encouragement and friendship were of great value to me and I wish to express my thanks to him here. A word of thanks too for Mike Harnish who casually suggested the title Rerepresentation. I wish to express my thanks to Hans Schuurmans of the Computer Center at Tilburg University for his patient and cheerful assistance in preparing the manuscript. Professor J. Verster of the University of Groningen kindly provided the plates for the Ames Room figures. Thieu Kuys helped not only with the texts but also relieved me of chores so that I could devote more time to meeting deadlines. Barry Mildner had a major role in the text preparation using his skills and initiative in solving what seemed like endless technical problems. My deepest thanks are reserved for Anti Sax whose contribution to the project amount to a co-editorship of this volume. She participated in every phase of its development with valuable suggestions, prepared the indexes, and worked tirelessly to its completion.
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  • 64
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400928770
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 6
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Introduction: Some Issues Concerning Relativism and Realism in Science -- Does the Sociology of Science Discredit Science? -- It’s All in the Day’s Work: A Study of the Ethnomethodology of Science -- The Strong Sociology of Knowledge Without Relativism -- Evolutionary Epistemology and Relativism -- Are All Theories Equally Good? A Dialogue -- Realism and Descriptivism -- On a Dogma Concerning Realism and Incommensurability -- Realism in the Social Sciences: Social Kinds and Social Laws -- The Ultimate Argument for Scientific Realism -- Radical Pluralism — An Alternative to Realism, Anti-Realism and Relativism -- Notes on Contributors -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: The institutionalization of History and Philosophy of Science as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour began comparatively earl- though not always under that name - in the Australasian region. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appoint­ ments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and 1960s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia and in New Zealand. "Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science" aims to provide a distinctive publication outlet for Australian and New Zealand scholars working in the general area of history, philosophy and social studies of science. Each volume comprises a group of essays on a connected theme, edited by an Australian or a New Zealander with special expertise in that particular area. Papers address general issues, however, rather than local ones; parochial topics are avoided. Further­ more, though in each volume a majority of the contributors is from Australia or New Zealand, contributions from elsewhere are by no means ruled out. Quite the reverse, in fact - they are actively encour­ aged wherever appropriate to the balance of the volume in question.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789400928558
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (400p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 193
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I -- Testing Theories of Scientific Change -- II: Case Studies -- 1. 17Th-Century Mechanics -- Galileo’s Copernicanism and the Acceptability of Guiding Assumptions -- Newton’s Rejection of the Mechanical AEther: Empirical Difficulties and Guiding Assumptions -- The Vortex Theory of Motion, 1687–1713: Empirical Difficulties and Guiding Assumptions -- 2. Chemistry from the 18th to the 20th Centuries -- The Chemical Revolution: Shifts in Guiding Assumptions -- Molecular Geometry in 19th-century France: Shifts in Guiding Assumptions -- Kekulé’s Benzene Theory and the Appraisal of Scientific Theories -- Fermentation Theory: Empirical Difficulties and Guiding Assumptions -- The Polywater Episode and the Appraisal of Theories -- 3. 19Th-Century Physics -- Ampère’s Electrodynamics and the Acceptability of Guiding Assumptions -- Brownian Motion and the Appraisal of Theories -- The Michelson — Morley Experiment and the Appraisal of Theories -- 4. Recent Geological Theory -- Plate Tectonics and Inter-Theory Relations -- The Theory of an Expanding Earth and the Acceptability of Guiding Assumptions -- 5. 20th-Century Physics -- Planck’s Quantum Crisis and Shifts in Guiding Assumptions -- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and the Acceptability of Guiding Assumptions -- Electroweak Unification and the Appraisal of Theories -- Index of Thesis Citations and.
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  • 66
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400928992
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (388p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies of Classical India 9
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: 1: Preliminaries -- 1.1 The central issues -- 1.2 The contributions of previous scholars -- 1.3 The argument of this book -- Notes -- 2: Rational Skepticism in Pre-Di?n?gan Buddhism -- 2.1 The foundation of skepticism in the Nik?yas -- 2.2 The influence of N?g?rjuna -- Notes -- 3: Nominalism in Pre-Di?n?gan Buddhism -- 3.1 The ?gama literature and Milindapañha -- 3.2 Nominalism in N?g?rjuna -- 3.3 Nominalism in Vasubandhu -- Notes -- 4: Di?n?ga’s Theory of Knowledge -- 4.1 Hetucakranir?aya -- 4.2 The Pram??asamuccaya -- 4.3 The skepticism implicit in Di?n?ga’s epistemology -- Notes -- 5: Di?n?ga’s nominalism -- 5.1 The ?lambanapar?k?? -- 5.2 The context of the discussion of nominalism in the Pram??asamuccaya -- Notes -- Translations Introduction to translation -- The history of the Pram??asamuccaya in Tibet -- 6: Pram??asamuccaya II “On reasoning” -- 6.1 Inference differentiated from sensation -- 6.2 The three characteristics of legitimate evidence -- 6.3 Property-bearer as the subject of inference -- 6.4 On restricted and errant properties -- 6.5 Non-symmetry of restriction and pervasion -- Notes -- 7: Pram??asamuccaya V: On the nature of signs in language -- 7.1 On the question of what verbal symbols make known -- 7.2 On the relationships between symbols that express preclusion -- 7.3 On the unreality of universals outside thought -- 7.4 On the question of what linguistic symbols preclude -- Notes -- 8: Conclusions -- Appendix A: Glossary of Sanskrit Terms -- Appendix B: Tibetan-Sanskrit Lexicon -- Selected Bibliography -- Subject and Author Index.
    Abstract: Buddhist philosophy in India in the early sixth century C. E. took an important tum away from the traditional methods of explaining and systematizing the teachings in Siitra literature that were attributed to the Buddha. The new direction in which several Indian Buddhist philosophers began to move was that of following reasoning to its natural conclusions, regardless whether the conclusions conflicted with traditional teachings. The central figure in this new movement was DiIinaga, a native of South India who found his way to the centre of Buddhist education at Nalanda, studied the treatises that were learned by the Buddhist intellectuals of his day, and eventually wrote works of his own that formed the core of a distinctly new school of Buddhist thought. Inasmuch as virtually every Indian philosopher after the sixth century had either to reject Dirinaga's methods or build upon the foundations provided by his investigations into logic, epistemology and language, his influence on the evolution of Indian philosophy was considerable, and indeed some familiarity with Dirinaga's arguments and conclusions is indispensable for anyone who wishes to understand the historical development of Indian thought. Moreover, since the approach to Buddhism that grew out of Dirinaga's meditations on language and the limits of knowledge dominated the minds of many of the scholars who took Buddhism to Tibet, some familiarity with Dirinaga is also essential to those who wish to understand the intellectual infrastructure of Tibetan Buddhist philosophy and practice.
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789400914254
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (348p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosphy 31
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 31
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ontology
    Abstract: 1 / Introduction -- 1. The Indivisibilist Controversy -- Indivisibilists: 1.1. Henry of Harclay -- 1.2. Robert Grosseteste -- 1.3. Walter Chatton -- 1.4. William Crathorn -- Divisibilists: 1.5. William of Ockham -- 1.6. John Duns Scotus -- 1.7. William of Alnwick -- 1.8. Walter Burley -- 2. Tractatus de indivisibilibus -- 2.1. The Author -- 2.2. The Contents -- 2.3. Date Written -- 2.4. Quaestio de divisione et compositione continui -- 2.5. The Date of the Quaestio -- 3. Editorial Principles -- 4. Notes to the Introduction -- II / Text and Translation -- Question 1: Whether forms or extended continua are composed of indivisibles -- Question 2: Whether among continua there is any indivisible extensive quantum, or among augmentable forms any intensive indivisible -- Question 3: Doubts about whether a continuum is infinitely divisible or composed of indivisibles -- Question 4: Whether the infinite divisibility of a continuum can be reduced to actuality -- Question 5: Whether there are more parts of the same proportion in a larger continuum than in a smaller -- III / Notes to the Text -- Notes to Question 1 -- Notes to Question 2 -- Notes to Question 3 -- Notes to Question 4 -- Notes to Question 5 -- IV / Appendix -- William Crathorn, “De continuo” -- Indices.
    Abstract: The English Franciscan philosopher and theologian, Adam of Wodeham (d. 1358), was a disciple and friend of William of Ockham; he was also a student of Walther Chatton. Nevertheless, he was an independent thinker who did not hesitate to criticize his former teachers - Ockham sporadically and benevolently, Chatton, frequently and aggressively. Since W odeham developed his own doctrinal position by a thorough critical examination of current opinions, the first part of this introduc­ tion briefly outlines the positions of the chief figures in the English controversy over indivisibles. The second part of the introduction pre­ sents a summary of Wodeham's views in the Tractatus de indivisibilibus, lists the contents of the treatise, and considers the question of its date and its chronological position in the context of Wodeham's other works. In the third part, the editorial procedures used here are set forth. 1. THE INDIVISIBILIST CONTROVERSY In the literature of the 13th and 14th centuries, the term 'indivisible' refers to a simple, un extended entity. Consequently, these indivisibles are not physical atoms but either mathematical points, temporal instants or indivisibles of motion, usually called mutata esse. I THOMAS BRADWARDINE (d. 1349), roughly contemporary with Wodeham, classified the positions it was possible to take regarding indivisibles. He described his own view as the common view, that of "Aristotle, A verroes, and most of the moderns," according to which a "continuum was not composed of atoms (athomis) but of parts divisible without end.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789400930674
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Education 1
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Education Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Education—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Introduction: The Intentionalist Manifesto -- II. An Erotetic Concept of Teaching -- III. A Philosophical Critique of Process-Product Research in Teaching -- IV. Erotetic Logic and Teaching -- V. Erotetic Causation -- VI. Erotetic Teaching Strategies -- VII. Socratic and Erotetic Teaching -- VIII. Teachers’ Questions -- IX. Erotetics, Cognitive Psychology and the Process of Problem Solving -- X. Erotetic Prospects -- References -- Index Of Names -- Index Of Topics.
    Abstract: happens, how it happens, and why it happens. Our assumption ought to be that this is as true in education as it is in atomic physics. But this leaves many other questions to answer. The crucial ones: What kind of science is proper or appropriate to education? How does it differ from physics? What is wrong with the prevai1~ ing, virtually unopposed research tradition in education? What could or should be done to replace it with a more adequate tradi­ tion? What concepts are necessary to describe and explain what we find there? It is in this realm that we find ourselves. Where to start? One place - our place, needless to say - is with one limited but central concept in education, teaching. A long philosophical tradition concerned with the nature of teaching goes back (along with everything else) to Plato, divulging most recent­ ly in the work of such philosophers as B. O. Smith, Scheffler, Hirst, Komisar, Green, McClellan, Soltis, Kerr, Fenstermacher, et al. An empirical tradition runs parallelto the philosophers -it has its most notable modern proponents in Gage, the Soars, Berliner, Rosen­ shine, but its roots can be traced to the Sophists. These two tradi­ tions have been at loggerheads over the centuries.
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789401568784
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 526 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy, formerly Synthese Language Library 32
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 32
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Computational linguistics ; Psycholinguistics
    Abstract: Categorial Grammars as Theories of Language -- The Lambek Calculus -- Generative Power of Categorial Grammars -- Semantic Categories and the Development of Categorial Grammars -- Aspects of a Categorial Theory of Binding -- Type Raising, Functional Composition, and Non-Constituent Conjunction -- Implications of Process-Morphology for Categorial Grammar -- Phrasal Verbs and the Categories of Postponement -- Natural Language Motivations for Extending Categorial Grammar -- Categorial and Categorical Grammars -- Mixed Composition and Discontinuous Dependencies -- Multi-Dimensional Compositional Functions as a Basis for Grammatical Analysis -- Categorial Grammar and Phrase Structure Grammar: An Excursion on the Syntax-Semantics Frontier -- Combinators and Grammars -- A Typology of Functors and Categories -- Consequences of Some Categorially-Motivated Phonological Assumptions -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects -- Index of Categories and Functors.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789400928411
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 443 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 23
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Inaugural Address -- “Poetics at the Creative Crucibles” Offering New Guidelines for Literary Interpretation -- I Plurivocal Poiesis of the Airy Elements -- Empedocles: The Phenomenology of the Four Elements in Literature -- Fire in Goethe’s Work: Neptunism and Volcanism -- The Tempestuous Conflict of the Elements in Baroque Poetry and Painting -- Fire Transfigured in T. S. Eliot’s Four Quartets -- Fire and Snow: The Dichotomies and Dichomachies of Polish Baroque Poetry -- II The Metamorphic Poiesis of Air -- Temporality Puts on Airs: Process, Purpose, and Poetry in Shakespeare’s Histories -- Filles de l’air -- Concretizations of the Aeolian Metaphor -- III The Aesthetic Forces of the Airy Elements -- Le thème de l’air dans la poésie de Paul-Marie Lapointe -- “L’Etre contre le vent”: Aspects du vent dans la poésie de Paul Valéry -- “Le Ciel est mort”: Mallarmé and a Metaphysics of (Im)Possibility -- IV The Elemental Fire and the Poetic Transfiguration of Reality -- Man against Fire: Alfred Döblin’s Utopian Novel Mountains, Oceans and Giants -- “This Hard Gemlike Flame”: Walter Pater and the Aesthetic Accommodation of Fire -- Thoreau’s Waiden: The Pro-vocation of Fire -- Flannery O’Connor: The Flames of Heaven and Hell -- V Fire, the Poetry of Elemental Passion -- From Fire to Fireworks in Baroque Poetry -- “Falling Fire”: The Negativity of Knowledge in the Poetry of William Blake -- The Poetics of Fire in Jean Giono’s Le Chant du Monde -- VI The Elemental Expanse -- Ruskin’s Queen of the Air -- Breathless Messages: Phenomenology in Deep Space -- A Poetics of Space: William Bronk’s Unhousing of the Universe -- Jean Giono’s Le Chant du monde: The Harmony of the Elements -- VII The Significance of Literature and Related Topics -- The Significance of Literature According to Contemporary Writers -- The “Literature in Life” Philosophy vs. Reality: The Role of the River in Beppe Fenoglio’s Il partigiano Johnny -- “The Origin of the Work of Art”: Truth in Existence and the Scholastic Tradition -- The Ontology of Language in a Post-Structuralist Feminist Perspective: Explosive Discourse in Monique Wittig -- Être-dans-un-monde-littéraire -- Index of Names.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789401719391
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 332 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: One: Articles and Opinion -- The Process of Reform in the United Nations — A Case Study on Planning, Budgeting and Evaluation -- The United Nations Convention against Torture -- The Codification of Diplomatic Law by the International Law Commission -- Expanding Exports from Developing Countries -- Rejuvenating the Trading System -- The Structural Reform of the ILO: Rationale and Parameters -- Suspension of the Government Delegation of the Republic of South Africa at the Twenty-Fifth International Conference of the Red Cross -Different Perceptions of the Same Event -- Privileges and Immunities of Members of Permanent Missions in Geneva and of International Officials in Switzerland -- Geneva — A Major Financial Centre -- Open Diplomacy and the Publication of Treaties -- The Non-Governmental Approach to International Relief -- Two: Institutional Guide -- 1. The United Nations System -- 2. Other Intergovernmental Organizations -- 3. Organizations with Special Status -- 4. Nongovernmental Organizations -- 5. Research and Educational Institutions -- 6. Permanent Missions with the United Nations Office and with Specialized Agencies in Geneva -- 7. Multinational Companies -- Index of International Institutions.
    Abstract: Ludwik Dembinski Richard O'Regan Editor Chairman, Editorial Committee The present volume is a complete revision of International Geneva 1985 which was published on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the United Na­ tions and which was generally received as a useful and informative contribution to the essential reference works on Geneva. Geneva, although a relatively small city with no more than 350,000 inhabi­ tants, probably has a higher concentration of international organizations, both governmental and non-governmental, than any other location in the world. There is a hectic international life with an unceasing round of conferences, meetings and negotiations on virtually the entire spectrum of human activity and most fields of international co-operation. The aim of the present publication is to provide all those directly involved or interested in international activities and international organizations with an up­ to-date guide that can help them find their way through the labyrinth of interna­ tional institutions and issues.
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  • 72
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400912298
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Reviews of United Kingdom Statistical Sources 24
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    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: of Review 42 -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Coverage and Arrangement of Subjects -- 1.2 Previous Coverage -- 1.3 Recent Changes -- 1.4 Some Specific Points -- 2. Organisation and Functions of Local Authorities -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 England and Wales -- 2.3 Scotland -- 2.4 Isles of Scilly -- 2.5 Northern Ireland -- 3. Financial Statistics: General Considerations -- 3.1 Important Characteristics -- 3.2 The Publication of Local Authority Financial Statistics -- 3.3 The Structure of Local Authority Accounts -- 3.4 Northern Ireland -- 4 Financial Statistics: Expenditure -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Revenue (or current) Expenditure -- 4.3 Capital Expenditure -- 4.4 Local Authority Expenditure in Context of Public Expenditure -- 4.5 Northern Ireland -- 5 Financial Statistics: Rates -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Rate Income -- 5.3 Rate Poundage and Average Rate Payment -- 5.4 Rate Collection -- 5.5 Rate Rebates -- 5.6 Northern Ireland -- 6 Financial Statistics: Government Grants -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Specific and Supplementary Grants -- 6.3 Rate Rebate Grants -- 6.4 Rate Support Grant -- 6.5 Northern Ireland -- 7 Financial Statistics: Borrowing and Debt -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Borrowing -- 7.3 Outstanding Debt -- 7.4 Net Financial Transactions -- 7.5 Northern Ireland -- 8 Financial Statistics: Miscellaneous Income -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Rate Fund Services -- 8.3 Housing Revenue Account -- 8.4 Trading Services -- 8.5 Special Funds -- 8.6 Superannuation Funds -- 8.7 Northern Ireland -- 9 Rateable Values and Penny Rate Products -- 9.1 Rateable Values -- 9.2 Penny Rate Product -- 9.3 Northern Ireland -- 10 Manpower Earnings and Hours -- 10.1 Manpower -- 10.2 Earnings and Hours -- 10.3 Northern Ireland -- 11 Elections -- 11.1 Incidence of Elections -- 11.2 Electoral Statistics -- 11.3 Election Results -- 11.4 Northern Ireland -- 12 Public Protection -- 12.1 Police -- 12.2 Fire -- 12.3 Probation -- 12.4 Administration of Justice and Public Protection Items -- 12.5 Consumer Protection (including Trading Standards) -- 12.6 Northern Ireland -- 13 Transport -- 13.1 Highways and Transportation (England and Wales) -- 13.2 Highways and Transportation (Scotland) -- 13.3 Ports -- 13.4 Airports -- 13.5 Northern Ireland -- 14 Environmental Services -- 14.1 Definition and Scope -- 14.2 Environmental Health (England and Wales) -- 14.3 Refuse Collection (England and Wales) -- 14.4 Refuse Disposal (England and Wales) -- 14.5 Cemeteries and Crematoria (England and Wales) -- 14.6 Scotland -- 14.7 Northern Ireland -- 15 Miscellaneous -- 15.1 Museums, Art Galleries and Library Services -- 15.2 Direct Labour Organisations -- 15 3 Smallholdings -- 15.4 Surveys -- 15.5 Northern Ireland -- 16 Complaints -- 16.1 Great Britain -- 16.2 Northern Ireland -- 17 Conclusion -- 17.1 Recent Developments -- 17.2 Shortcomings -- 17.3 Suggestions -- Quick Reference List Contents -- Quick Reference List -- Quick Reference List Key to Publications -- List of Appendices -- Appendices.
    Abstract: The Sources and Nature of the Statistics of the United Kingdom, produced under the auspices of the Royal S~atistical Society and edited by Maurice Kendall, filled a notable gap on the library shelves when it made its appearance in the early post-war years. Through a series of critical reviews by many of the foremost national experts, it constituted a valuable contemporary guide to statisticians working in many fields as well as a bench-mark to which historians of the development of Statistics in this country are likely to return again and again. The Social Science Research Council* and the Society were both delighted when Professor Maunder came forward with the proposal that a revised version should be produced, indicating as well his willingness to take on the onerous task of editor. The two bodies were more than happy to act as co-sponsors of the project and to help in its planning through a joint steering committee. The result, we are confident, will be judged a worthy successor to the previous volumes by the very much larger 'statistics public' that has come into being in the intervening years. Mrs SUZANNE REEVE Mrs EJ. SNELL Secretary Honorary Secretary Economic and Social Research Council Royal Statistical Society *SSRC is now the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC). vii MEMBERSHIP OF JOINT STEERING COMMITTEE (November 1986) Chairman: Miss S. V. Cunliffe Representing the Royal Statistical Society: Mr M. C. Fessey Dr S. Rosenbaum Mrs E. J.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789400928756
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 195
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Systematic Analyses -- Do Experiments Depend on Theories or Theories on Experiments? -- On Experimental Questions -- II. The Roles of Experiment: Theory Generation and Theory Testing -- Reconstructing Science: Discovery and Experiment -- The Role of Experiment and Theory in the Development of Nuclear Physics in the Early 1930’s -- Empirical Support for the Corpuscular Theory in the Seventeenth Century -- Theory and Experiment in the Early Writings of Johan Baptist Van Helmont -- The Significance of Empirical Evidence for Developments in the Foundations of Decision Theory -- Testing Freudian Hypotheses -- Experiment, Theory Choice, and the Duhem-Quine Problem -- III. The Role of Theoretical Conceptions -- Physical Reality and Closed Theories in Werner Heisenberg’s Early Papers -- Experiment and Theory in Ptolemy’s Optics -- Newton’s and Goethe’s Colour Theories — Contradictory or Complementary Approaches? -- On the Structure of Physics as a Science -- Models and Interpretation in Human Sciences: Anthropology and the Theoretical Notion of Field -- On the Dynamics of Scientific Paradigms -- Breaking the Link between Methodology and Rationality. A plea for Rhetoric in Scientific Inquiry -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: This is not "another collection of contributions on a traditional subject." Even more than we dared to expect during the preparatory stages, the papers in this volume prove that our thinking about science has taken a new turn and has reached a new stage. The progressive destruction of the received view has been a fascinating and healthy experience. At present, the period of destruction is over. A richer and more equilibrated analysis of a number of problems is possible and is being cru'ried out. In this sense, this book comes right on time. We owe a lot to the scholars of the Kuhnian period. They not only did away with obstacles, but in several respects instigated a shift in attention that changed history and philosophy of science in a irreversible way. A c1earcut example - we borrow it from the paper by Risto Hilpinen - concerns the study of science as a process, Rnd not only as a result. Moreover, they apparently reached several lasting results, e.g., concerning the tremendous impact of theoretical conceptions on empirical data. Apart from baffling people for several decades, this insight rules out an­ other return to simple-minded empiricism in the future.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789400929456
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sovietica 53
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: 18th- and 19th-century German Philosophy: Epistemology and Metaphysics -- One Science and Critique: The Evolution of the German Perspective from Kant to Marx -- Two Time and Critique: The Temporal Dimensions of the Dialectical Method -- Three Materialism and Critique: The Schelling and Feuerbach Responses to Hegel -- II: Epistemology and Method in Marx’ Later Works -- Four Rethinking Method: Reflective Reconstruction of History -- Five Against Epistemology and Foundationalism: From the Theory of Political Economy to Social Practice -- III: Meta-Critique and Political Economy: Marx’ Legacy -- Six Epistemology and Political Economy: From Philosophy to Social Theory -- Notes.
    Abstract: political economy. With this in mind the reader will be taken through three meta-theoretical levels of Marx' method of analysis of the struc­ tures of capitalism: (1) the clarification of 'critique' and method from Kant's epistemology, Hegel's phenomenology, to Marx' political economy (Chapter One); (2) the analysis of 'critique' and time, that is, the temporal dimensions of the critical method as they evolve from Hegel's Logic to Marx' Capital and the difference between the use of the future in explanatory, positivist science and 'critique' (Chapter Two); (3) and finally, 'critique' and materialism, a study of the complexity of the category of materialism, the ambivalence and ambiguity of its use in Marx' critical method, and the ontological and logical dilemmas created by the Schelling-Feuerbach turn toward materialism in their critique of Hegel (Chapter Three). The critique of political economy is, therefore, examined at the levels of methodology, temporality, and ontology. To what do the categories of political economy really refer when the positivist interpretations of Marx have been shattered and 'critique' be­ comes the method of choice? What kind of knowledge do we have if it is no longer "scientific" in the traditional sense of both epistemology and methodology? And what kind of applicability will it have when its format is such as not to produce predictive, technical knowledge, but practical knowledge in the Greek sense of the word (Praxis)? What be­ comes of the criterion of truth when epistemology itself, like science, is.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400914315
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (410p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 102
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 102
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I / Hindu Systems of Thought as Epistemic Disciplines -- I. The Science of Philosophies -- II. The Mechanism of Organization -- III. The Structural Design -- IV. Para-Methodology -- V. Modality and Modalization -- VI. The Self-Developing Culture and Text -- VII. Six Epistemic Disciplines Unfolding Into One Another -- VIII. Modal Semiotics and the Categories of Philosophical Thinking -- IX. Six Entries into the World of Philosophical Reflections -- X. Summa Philosophiae -- II / The Birth of ‘Meaning’: A Systematic Genealogy of Indian Semantics -- I. Segregation of Meaning and Language -- II. The Rgveda in the Making: A Meaningful Activity Without ‘Meaning’ -- III. The Nirukta: A Knot of Semantic and Etymological Problems -- IV. P?nini: Separating and Interconnecting Language and Logic -- V. The Individual and the Universal in Language and Knowledge -- III / Dialectics in Kant and in the Ny?ya-S?tra: Toward the History of the Formation of Formal Logical Thinking -- IV / The Canonical Self in the World of Knowledge: A Note on Ny?ya Gnoseology -- V / Revelation in Advaita Ved?nta as an Experiment in the Semantic Destruction of Language -- I. Theoretical Basis of the Possibility of Coming to Know Brahman (Pary?ya) -- II. Intuitive Basis of the Possibility of Coming to Know Brahman (Prayojana) -- III. Pary?ya of the First Stage of Reflection from the Structure of the Text to the Nature of Brahman: The Theory of False Attribution and its Sublation (Transcendence) -- IV. Prayojana of the First Stage of Reflection: The Intuition of False Attribution and its Sublation (Transcendence) -- V. Pary?ya of the Second Stage of Reflection: The Theory of Brahman Shown in a Metaphoric Occurrence (Laksan?vritti) -- VI. Prayojana of the Second Stage of Reflection: Intuition of Brahman Shown by the Method of Metamorphic Definition -- VII. Language Inappropriateness Exposed and Brahman Demonstrated by the Netiv?da Method: The Theory of Intuition (Pary?ya) -- VIII. Prayojana of the Vedic Realization by the Netiv?da Method: The Intuition of a Theory -- VI / Is The Bodhisattva a Skeptic? On the Trichotomy of ‘Indicative’, ‘Recollective’, and ‘Collective’ Signs -- VII / Hindu Values and Buddhism: An Exemplary Discourse -- I. Methodological -- II. Theoretical -- II.1. The Mim?msa Normology -- VIII / Understanding Cultural Traditions Through Types of Thinking -- I. Level of Absolute Reality -- II. Level of Phenomenation -- III. Level of Absolute Irreality -- IX / The Family of Hindu ‘Visions’ as Cultural Entities -- Notes and References -- Bibliography: Selected Works of David Zilberman.
    Abstract: In his letter to B. K. Matilal, dated February 20, 1977, the author of this book wrote about his work on Advaita-Vedanta: " ... It was not to present Advaita in the light of current problems of the logic of scientific discovery and modern philosophy of language ... but just the contrary. I do not believe that any 'logic without metaphysics' or 'philosophy of language without thinking' is possible." This passage alone may serve as the clue to Zilberman's understanding and mode of explaining that specific and highly original approach to (not 'of'!) philosophy that he himself nicknamed modal. Four points would seem to me to be most essential here. First, a philosophy cannot have 'anything un-thinking' as its object of investigation. Language, to Zilberman, is not a phenomenon of con­ sciousness but a spontaneously working natural mechanism (like, for instance, 'mind' to some Buddhist philosophers). It may, of course, be­ come used for and by consciousness; consciousness may see itself, so to speak, in language, but only secondarily, only as in one of its modifica­ tions, derivations or modalities. That is why to Zilberman linguistic- as to Kant psychology - cannot and must not figure as the primary ground for any philosophical investigation.
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789400929579
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (239p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 110
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 110
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Limits of a Deductive Construal of the Function of Scientific Theories -- Limits of a Deductive Construal of the Function of Scientific Theories: A Comment -- Cognitive Limits of Science -- How Philosophy and Science Came to Differ -- The Nature and Scope of Rational-Choice Explanation -- Rational-Choice Explanation — The Limits to Grounding: A Comment -- Realism Versus Anti-Realism: What Is the Issue? -- Epistemic and Semantic Reflections on Scientific Realism: A Comment -- Can a Naturalist Believe in Universals? -- Can a Naturalist Believe in Universals? A Comment -- The Hermeneutical Status of the History of Science: The Views of Hélène Metzger -- The Hermeneutical Status of the History of Science: The Views of Hélène Metzger: A Comment -- The Era of Independent Inventors -- Social Interests and the Organic Physics of 1847 -- Social Interests and the Organic Physics of 1847: A Comment -- The Earliest Missionaries of the Copenhagen Spirit -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: The Israel Colloquium for the History, Philosophy and Sociology of Science presents before you its third volume of proceedings. The philosophy section of the volume has three main foci: the scientific explanation (Hempel and Ben-Menachem, Elster and Dascal); realism in science (Cohen and Zemach) and its implications for the problem of universals (Armstrong and Bar-Elli); and the question of demarcation: the dividing line between science and philosophy (KrUger), as well as the cognitive limits of science (Stent). There is no neat separation in this volume between essays on the history of science and those on the sociology of science, and perhaps properly so. Thus, Lenoir's contribution is a clear example of the way the two disciplines combine and interrelate. Joseph Ben-David's comment on this lecture was among the last things he wrote, knowing full well that his days were numbered. Reading his contribution imparts a strong sense of loss, the loss of a great sociologist and a wise man. Not only history, however, but also historiography is a subject for reflection in this volume (Freudenthal and Kerszberg). And, finally, a couple of articles convey the sense of fascination with science as a story (Heilbron, Hughes). We have by now come to expect from the investigations reported in the Israel Colloquium series not surface unity of theme and method, but rather an underlying common commitment and zest for the scientific enterprise at its best. The third volume hopes to join the first two in footing this bill.
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  • 77
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400912311
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Reviews of United Kingdom Statistical Sources 25
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Demography. ; Population. ; Population—Economic aspects.
    Abstract: of Review 43 -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Types and Sources of Information -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Current Sources of Routine Data on Family Planning -- 2.3 Survey Data on Fertility and Family Planning -- 2.4 General Household Survey -- 2.5 Parliamentary Questions -- 2.6 Family Planning Information Service -- 3. Contraception -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Sources of Data on Contraceptive Usage -- 3.3 Sample Survey Data -- 3.4 Information Available From Sample Surveys -- 3.5 Additional Sources of Data on the Use of Contraception -- 3.6 Summary and Conclusion -- 4. Contraceptive Services -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Development of Contraceptive Services -- 4.3 Statistics Relating to Services before 1974 -- 4.4 Family Practitioner Services under 1973 Act -- 4.5 NHS Community and Hospital Services since 1974 -- 4.6 Survey Data on Family Planning Services -- 4.7 Evaluation of Family Planning Services -- 5. Sterilisation -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Sources of Data on Sterilisation Operations -- 5.3 Vasectomy -- 5.4 Female Sterilisation -- 5.5 Survey Data on Prevalence of Sterilisation -- 5.6 Summary and Conclusion -- 6. Abortion -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Legislation -- 6.3 Published Statistics on Legal Abortion -- 6.4 Evaluation of Annual Statistics in England and Wales -- 6.5 Illegal Abortion -- 6.6 Survey Data on Abortion -- 6.7 Conclusion -- 7. Family Building Patterns -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Family Size Preferences -- 7.3 Unwanted Pregnancy -- 7.4 Contraceptive Effectiveness -- 7.5 Sexual Behaviour Outside Marriage -- 7.6 Childlessness, Subfecundity and Subfertility Services -- 7.7 Adoption -- 7.8 The Artificial Family -- 7.9 Summary and Conclusion -- 8. Evaluation and Future Needs -- 8.1 Evaluation -- 8.2 Further Needs -- Quick Reference List Description -- Quick Reference List Table of Contents -- Quick Reference List -- Quick Reference List Key to Publications -- List of Appendices -- Appendices.
    Abstract: The Sources and Nature of the Statistics of the United Kingdom, produced under th~ auspices of the Royal Statistical Society and edited by Maurice Kendall, filled a notable gap on the library shelves when it made its appearance in the early post-war years. Through a series of critical reviews by many of the foremost national experts, it constituted a valuable contemporary guide to statisticians working in many fields as well as a bench-mark to which historians of the development of Statistics in this country are likely to return again and again. The Social Science Research Council* and the Society were both delighted when Professor Maunder came forward with the proposal that a revised version should be produced, indicating as well his willingness to take on the onerous task of editor. The two bodies were more than happy to act as co-sponsors of the project and to help in its planning through a joint steering committee. The result, we are confident, will be judged a worthy successor to the previous volumes by the very much larger 'statistics public' that has come into being in the intervening years. Mrs SUZANNE REEVE Mrs E. J. SNELL Secretary Honorary Secretary Economic and Social Research Council Royal Statistical Society *SSRC is now the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC). vii MEMBERSHIP OF JOINT STEERING COMMITTEE (December 1986) Chairman: Miss S. V. Cunliffe Representing the Royal Statistical Society: Mr M. C. Fessey Dr S. Rosenbaum Mrs E. J.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789400926790
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: I The Service Study Years: 1929 to 1938 -- 1 Overview -- 2 Service Studies in Higher Education -- 3 Constructing Achievement Tests -- II Appraising and Recording Student Progress: The Eight-Year Study -- 1 Overview -- 2 Appraising and Recording Student Progress -- III Tyler’s Rationale for Curriculum Development -- 1 Overview -- 2 New Dimensions in Curriculum Development -- IV National Testing Programs -- 1 Overview -- 2 Appraisal of Educational Achievement Gained in the Armed Forces -- 3 The Objectives and Plans for a National Assessment of Educational Progress -- 4 National Assessment — Some Valuable By-Products for Schools -- V Tyler’s Recent Reflections on His Work -- 1 Overview -- 2 An Interview with Ralph Tyler -- 3 Appendix: Vitae of Ralph Winfred Tyler -- VI A Chronological Bibliography.
    Abstract: I personally learned to know Ralph Tyler rather late in his career when, in the 1960s, I spent a year as a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford. His term of office as Director of the Center was then approaching its end. This would seem to disqualify me thoroughly from preparing a Foreword to this "Classic Works. " Many of his colleagues and, not least, of his students at his dear Alma Mater, the University of Chicago, are certainly better prepared than I to put his role in American education in proper perspective. The reason for inviting me is, I assume, to bring out the influence that Tyler has had on the international educational scene. I am writing this Foreword on a personal note. Ralph Tyler's accomplishments in his roles as a scholar, policy maker, educational leader, and statesman have been amply put on record in this book, not least in the editors' Preface. My reflections are those of an observer from abroad but who, over the last 25 years, has been close enough to overcome the aloofness of the foreigner. Tyler has over many years been criss-crossing the North American con­ tinent generously giving advice to agencies at the federal, state, and local levels, lecturing, and serving on many committees and task forces that have been instrumental in shaping American education.
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  • 79
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400929630
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 235 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sovietica 54
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History
    Abstract: One Why do People join the Communist Party? -- Two The Top Hierarchy of Party Members -- Three The Middle-Level Party Layer -- Four The Rank and File of the Party -- Five Expulsion from the Party -- Six Women in the Party -- Seven Non-Party Members -- Eight The Party and the KGB -- Nine The Party as a Myth -- Ten The People’s Attitudes and the Future of the Party -- Notes.
    Abstract: In March of 1985 Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in the Seviet Union. Initially, one could discern serious changes in the policy and statements of this new, young, and obviously efficient leader only with great difficulty. While abroad, Gorbachev had said that anti-Stalinism was a form of anti-Communism. The newspapers were filled with words lauding "the sacred traditions of the 1930's". At the same time, the campaign against drunkenness, corruption, and sloppiness launched by Yuri Andropov was given a new impetus and the highest Party support. In April, 1986, the Chernobyl tragedy took place. The first reaction of the Soviet authorities was the usual one. The Soviet public was not properly informed about the disaster and its unprecedented peril. Millions of jubilant Soviet citizens crowded the squares and streets of Kiev and Minsk during the May Day festivities. We can only guess what the reaction of the Kremlin authorities would have been had not Swedish scientists traced and announced to the world the threatening level of radioactivity. Would the terms "glasnost'" and "perestrojka" have spread through the world press with such intensity and alacrity? A popular Soviet author wrote a year later in the Soviet media: "Chernobyl appeared to be not only a national event, a disaster shared by each of us, but also a dividing line between two eras of time.
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789400928398
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXV, 219 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 25
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Foreground -- I / Toward the Extended Phenomenology of The Soul: The Soul as the “Soil” of Life’s Forces and the Transmitter of Life’s Constructive Progress from the Primeval Logos of Life to Its Annihilation in the Anti-Logos of Man’s “Transnatural Telos” -- II / In Which the Principles of a New Phenomenological Explication of Spiritual Interiority, as Well as an Outline of its Philosophical Interpretation, are Proposed -- One The First Movement of The Soul: Radical Examination -- I / “Radical Examination” and the Current of Man’s Life -- II / The Second Movement of the Soul: Exalted Existence. The Discovery of the Finiteness of Life (Does the Soul Have Its Very Own Resources and Hidden Means for Passing beyond This Finitude ?) -- III / The Third Movement of the Soul: Toward Transcending -- Two Progress in the Life of the Soul as the Logos of Life Declines -- I / Inward “Communication” -- II / “Personal Truth” and the Essential Point of Communiscation -- Three The Secret Architecture of the Soul -- I / The Establishment of the “Inward Sacredness” of the Soul’s Quest -- II / The Dianoiac Thread of the Logos Running Through Our Polyphonic Exploration of the Pursuit of Destiny: Creative Self-Interpretation between the Self and the Other -- Notes -- Index of Names -- of Book 1.
    Abstract: PART I THE CRITIQUE OF REASON CONTINUED: FROM LOGOS TO ANTI-LOGOS 1. THE NEW CRITIQUE OF REASON A new critique of reason is the crucial task imposed on the philosophy of our times as we emerge more and more from so-called "modernism" into a historical phase which will have to take its own paths and find its own determination. It may be considered that the main developmental line of modern times in its philosophy as well as in its culture at large was traced by the Cartesian cogito. The unfolding of Occidental philos­ ophy has culminated in reason or intellect's being awarded the central place. This is its specific trait. We can see a direct line of progression from the cogito to Kant's Critique. It is no wonder that this work is the landmark of modern philosophy. Kant's Critique was concerned with the foundation of the sciences. Edmund-Husserllaunched a second major, renewed, critique of reason, one which addresses not only the critical situation of the sciences but extends the critique even to the situation of Occidental culture as its malaise is diagnosed by this great thinker. Edmund Husserl voiced, in fact, the conviction that Occidental humanity has reached in our age the peak of its unfolding. His identify­ ing this peak with the formulation of phenomenological philosophy strikes at the point in which the significant and novel developments of Occidental culture and philosophy (phenomenology, that is) coincide.
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  • 81
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400926516
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 35
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 35
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Logic ; History ; Philosophy, Ancient.
    Abstract: One/ Subject and Programme -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Quandaries in recent Aristotle research -- 3. The programme of this study -- Notes to Chapter One -- Two/ The General Doctrine I Some Theorems and Rules -- 1. Multifariousness and common core -- 2. A provisional assumption -- 3. Common properties -- 4. Comparisons -- Notes to Chapter Two -- Three/ The General Doctrine II Absolute and Qualified Modalities -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Qualified vs. absolute modalities -- 3. Qualified necessity, syllogisms and the proof per impossibile -- 4. Absolute impossibility and the commensurability of the diagonal -- 5. Real and assumed background knowledge -- 6. Relations between temporal and modal concepts -- Notes to Chapter Three -- Four/ Modality and Time (I) The Principle of Plenitude -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Principle of Plenitude and its role in Aristotle’s modal thinking -- 3. The evidence -- Notes to Chapter Four -- Five/ Modality and Time (II) De Caelo I.12 and The Necessity of What is Eternal -- 1. The problem -- 2. Williams and the supposed logical errors -- 3. Hintikka and the confusion in Aristotle’s “Master Argument” -- 4. Judson and the “grossness of Aristotle’s fallacy” -- 5. The metaphysics in De Caelo I.12 as exposed by Waterlow -- 6. De Caelo I.12 and the necessity of what is eternal -- 7. Some extrapolations and the role of hylê phthartê -- Notes to Chapter Five -- Six/ Modality and Time (III) De Interpretations 9 -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The traditional views -- 3. De Interpretations 9 on the statistical reading -- 4. Deliberation and chance events in De Interpretatione 9 -- 5. The interpretation -- Notes to Chapter Six -- Seven/ Posterior Analytics I.4–6 The De Omni-Per Se Distinction -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Zabarella on Aristotelian necessity -- 3. Inseparable accidents -- 4. A first look at Posterior Analytics I.4–6 -- 5. Some commentaries on Posterior Analytics I.4 and 6 -- 6. Real or conceptual modalities? -- 7. Aristotle, matter, and definition -- Notes to Chapter Seven -- Eight/ Posterior Analytics I.4–6 Names and Naming -- 1. Abstraction in Metaphysics XIII.3 -- 2. Abstraction and naming -- 3. The issue of names and naming -- 4. A new look at Posterior Analytics I.4–6, part one -- 5. Some major differences -- 6. A new look at Posterior Analytics 1.4-6, part two -- 7. Belonging kath’ hauto and homogeneity -- 8. Homogeneity, the necessity of what is always and the concept of possibility -- Notes to Chapter Eight -- Nine/ Apodeictic Syllogistic -- 1. Introduction -- 2. External criticism -- 3. The nature of Aristotle’s syllogistic theory -- 4. Apodeictic syllogistic -- 5. Incoherence -- 6. McCall’s reconstruction -- 7. The four apodeictic categorical sentences and apodeictic ecthesis -- 8. The apodeictic conversion rules -- 9. The apodeictic Barbaras and domains of discourse -- 10. The status of ALuu -- 11. The soundness of the inference base -- 12. Conversion rules and shifts of type of predication -- 13. Conclusions -- Notes to Chapter Nine -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789400927445
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives internationales d’histoire des idées 117
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 117
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History
    Abstract: “No long time of expectation”: Hume’s religious scepticism and the apocalypse -- Religious scepticism and China -- The two scepticisms of the Savoyard vicar -- John Wolley (ca. 1530–1596) and the first Latin translation of Sextus Empiricus, adversus logicos I -- Excluding sceptics; the case of Thomas White, 1593–1676 -- Montaigne on the art of judgment: the trial of Montaigne -- Intellectual autobiography: warts and all -- Publications of Richard H. Popkin, 1950–1986 inclusive.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789400927605
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée Par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 111
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 111
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: I. Husserl und Geschichte -- § 1. Husserl und der Historismus -- § 2. Geschichte und Transzendentalphilosophie. Dilthey und Husserl -- § 3. Husserls geschichtsphilosophischer Anspruch als Problem -- II. Gegenstand Geschichte. Zur Möglichkeit seiner Bestimmung im Ausgang vom „Historischen Apriori“ -- § 4. Historische Erfahrung und ihr Gegenstand. Ein Leitfaden -- § 5. Transzendentale Phänomenologie statt Geschichte? Grundsätzliche Probleme -- § 6. Transzendentale Phänomenologie und Geschichte. Mögliche Perspektiven -- § 7. Phänomenologische Wissenschaftslehre. Von der Regionalontologie zur Konstitutionsproblematik -- § 8. Die Genesis des transzendentalen Bewußtseins als historisches Apriori -- III. Transzendentales und persönliches Ich. Identität und Differenz -- § 9. Reines, transzendentales und persönliches Ich -- § 10. Die geistige Realität der Person -- § 11. Die leibliche Realität der Person -- § 12. Die mundane Realität der Person -- § 13. Die objektivierende Selbstapperzeption. Primordialität und Intersubjektivität -- § 14. Das Rätsel des transzendentalen Scheins der Verdoppelung -- § 15. Persönliches Ich: Individuelle Verschränkung von Autonomie und Umständlichkeit -- IV. Genesis, Geschichtlichkeit und geschichtliche Welt -- § 16. Geschichtlichkeit der Person und persönliche Geschichte -- § 17. Personengemeinschaft und ,höhere Personalität‘ -- § 18. Die Normalität sozialer Gemeinschaften und ihr Korrelat: Heimwelt als bedeutsame Umwelt in Endlichkeit -- § 19. Personale Umwelt als geistige Welt. Kultur, Tradition, Geschichte -- § 20. Tradition oder Geschichte? Zur Kritik an Husserls Geschichtsbegriff -- § 21. Der historische Gegenstand -- V. Bedingungen des historischen Wissens -- § 22. Die Bedingungen der personalistischen Einstellung als Bedingungen der personalen Wissenschaften -- § 23. Einfühlung als transzendentaler Begriff -- § 24. Die mittelbar einfühlende Appräsentation -- § 25. Gibt es eine historische Einfühlung? -- § 26. Historische Vergegenwärtigung: Konstruktion und Fiktion -- VI. Applikation und Aporie -- § 27. Historische Anthropologie und Phänomenologie -- § 28. „Faktum Geschichte“ und die Grenzen phänomenologischer Geschichtsphilosophie -- Namenregister.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400929050
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 38
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: 1: Knowledge and Certainty -- 1. Three Conditions of Certainty -- 2. Modal Accounts of Certainty -- 3. The Infallibilist’s View of Certainty -- 4. Direct Knowledge and Infallibility -- 2: Certainty and Fallibilism -- 1. Possible Mistakes About Necessity -- 2. Incorrigibility of the Cogito -- 3. Certainty and the Cogito -- 3: Certainty and Sensations -- 1. The Fallibilist Argument -- 2. Standard Objections -- 3. Are Basic Propositions Incorrigible? -- 4: The Nature of Justification -- 1. Theories of Justification -- 2. Abilities and Reasons -- 3. Proof and Justification -- 4. The Nature of Justification -- 5. Alternative Explanations -- 6. Social-Aspect Cases -- 5: Justification and the Gettier Problem -- 1. The Gettier Problem -- 2. Causal and Defeasibility Theories -- 3. Evidence and Truth -- 4. Some Counterexamples -- 6: Perceptual Knowledge and Physical Objects -- 1. Perception and the Given -- 2. Recognition and Perceptual Knowledge -- 3. Further Restrictions -- 4. Inferential and Non-Inferential -- 5. Abilities and Justified Belief -- 6. Direct Perception of Physical Objects -- 7: Foundations and Coherence -- 1. Experience and the Coherence Theory -- 2. The Nature of Coherence -- 3. Circularity and Coherence -- 4. Reliability and Coherence -- 8: Skepticism and Rationality -- 1. Knowledge and Certainty -- 2. Dire-Possibility Arguments -- 3. The Problem of the Criterion -- 4. Internalism vs. Externalism -- 5. Rationality and Justification -- Select Bibliography -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: It is convenient to divide the theory of knowledge into three sets of problems: 1. the nature of knowledge, certainty and related notions, 2. the nature and validi­ ty of the sources of knowledge, and 3. answers to skeptical arguments. The first set includes questions such as: What is it to know that something is the case? Does knowledge imply certainty? If not, how do they differ? What are the con­ ditions of knowledge? What is it to be justified in accepting something? The sec­ ond deals with the ways in which knowledge can be acquired. Traditional sources have included sources of premisses such as perception, memory, in­ trospection, innateness, revelation, testimony, and methods for drawing conclu­ sions such as induction and deduction, among others. Under this heading, philosophers have asked: Does innateness provide knowledge? Under what con­ ditions are beliefs from perception, testimony and memory justified? When does induction yield justified belief? Can induction itself be justified? Debates in this area have sometimes led philosophers to question sources (e. g. , revela­ tion, innateness) but usually the aim has been to clarify and increase our understanding of the notion of knowledge. The third class includes the peren­ nial puzzles taught to beginning students: the existence of other minds, the problem of the external world (along with questions about idealism and phenomenalism), and more general skeptical problems such as the problem of the criterion. These sets of questions are related.
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789400928435
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 32
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 32
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics ; Logic ; Philosophy. ; Historical linguistics.
    Abstract: On Boethius’s Notion of Being: A Chapter of Boethian Semantics -- Logic in the Early Twelfth Century -- The Distinction Actus Exercitus/Actus Significatus in Medieval Semantics -- Denomination in Peter of Auvergne -- Concrete Accidental Terms: Late Thirteenth-Century Debates About Problems Relating to Such Terms as ‘Album’ -- Concrete Accidental Terms and the Fallacy of Figure of Speech -- The Logic of the Categorical: The Medieval Theory of Descent and Ascent -- Tu Scis Hoc Esse Omne Quod Est Hoc: Richard Kilvington and the Logic of Knowledge -- Logic and Trinitarian Theology: De Modo Predicandi ac Sylogizandi in Divinis -- A Seventeenth-Century Physician on God and Atoms: Sebastian Basso -- Index of Persons.
    Abstract: The studies that make up this book were written and brought together to honor the memory of Jan Pinborg. His unexpected death in 1982 at the age of forty-five shocked and saddened students of medieval philosophy everywhere and left them with a keen sense of disappoint­ ment. In his fifteen-year career Jan Pinborg had done so much for our field with his more than ninety books, editions, articles, and reviews and had done it all so well that we recognized him as a leader and counted on many more years of his scholarship, his help, and his friendship. To be missed so sorely by his international colleagues in an academic field is a mark of Jan's achievement, but only of one aspect of it, for historians of philosophy are not the only scholars who have reacted in this way to Jan's death. In his decade and a half of intense productivity he also acquired the same sort of special status among historians of linguistics, whose volume of essays in his memory is being G. L. Bursill-Hall almost simultane­ published under the editorship of ously with this one. Sten Ebbesen, Jan's student, colleague, and successor as Director of the Institute of Medieval Greek and Latin Philology at the University of Copenhagen, has earned the gratitude of all of us by memorializing Jan 1 in various biographical sketches, one of which is accompanied by a 2 complete bibliography of his publications.
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9789400926691
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services Series 19
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: I Concepts -- 1 The School Principalship -- 2 A Focus on Decision Making and Evaluation -- 3 Evaluation in Education -- 4 How Evaluation Can Improve Decision Making in the School Principalship -- II Studies -- 5 Assigning Teachers to Classrooms -- 6 Making Schoolwide Decisions While Interacting with Teachers -- 7 Performing the Role of Teacher Evaluation -- 8 Guiding and Evaluating Teachers on Student Achievement-Based Instructional Objectives -- 9 Guiding Rational Solutions to Academic Problems of Low Achievers -- 10 Coordinating Student Achievement Testing -- III Implications -- 11 Conclusions -- 12 Toward Improvement -- References.
    Abstract: This book is about the practice of decision making by school principals and about ways to improve this practice by capitalizing on evaluation dimensions. Much has been written on decision making but surprisingly little on decision making in the school principalship. Much has been also written on evaluation as well as on evaluation and decision making, but not much has been written on evaluation in decision making, especially decision making in the principalship. This book presents two messages. One is that decision making in the principalship can be studied and improved and not only talked about in abstract terms. The other message is that evaluation can contribute to the understanding of decision making in the principalship and to the improvement of its practice. In this book we call for the conception of an evaluation-minded principal, a principal who has a wide perspective on the nature of evaluation and its potential benefits, a principal who is also inclined to use evaluation perceptions and techniques as part of his/her decision-making process. This book was conceived in 1985 with the idea to combine thoughts about educational administration with thoughts about educational evaluation. Studies of decision making in the principalship had already been on their way. We decided to await the findings, and in the meantime we wrote a first conceptual version of evaluation in decision making. As the studies were completed we wrote a first empirical version of same.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401729581
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences, A Yearbook 12/1/2
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 12/1/2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; History ; Sociology.
    Abstract: III Transformation of Industry and Medicine -- The Role of the Military in the Electrification of Russia 1870–1890 -- World War II and the Transformation of the American Chemical Industry -- Between Cowardice and Insanity: Shellshock and the Legitimation of the Neuroses in Great Britain -- IV Nuclear Weapons and Nuclear Power -- The Development of the First Atomic Bomb in the USSR -- ‘Over My Dead Body’: James Bryant Conant and the Hydrogen Bomb -- A Crystal Ball in the Shadows of Nuremberg and Hiroshima: The Ethical Debate Over Human Experimentation to Develop a Nuclear Powered Bomber, 1946–1951 -- V R&D: Military, Industry and the Academy -- An Analytical Look at R&D and the Arms Race -- The Government of Military R&D in Britain -- The Government of Military R&D: A Comparative Perspective -- The Making of an Entrepreneurial University: The Traffic Among M.I.T. and the Industry and the Military, 1860–1960.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789400927056
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 28
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Public health laws ; Ethics ; Medical laws and legislation. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Section I / Human Experimentation and the Legacy of Nuremberg -- The Search for Universality in the Ethics of Human Research: Andrew C. Ivy, Henry K. Beecher, and the Legacy of Nuremberg -- Section II / The Development in Medicine of the Imperative to Conduct Research with Human Subjects: an Historical Analysis -- Cultural Contents in the History of the Use of Human Subjects in Research -- Reflections on the History of Human Experimentation -- Comparative Models and Goals for the Regulation of Human Research -- Moral Appropriateness in Human Research -- Public Control over Biomedical Experiments Involving Human Beings: An Israeli Perspective -- Section III / Ethical and Epistemological Issues in Randomized Clinical Trials -- Diagnosing Well and Treating Prudently: Randomized Clinical Trials and the Problem of Knowing Truly -- Research Risks, Randomization, and Risks to Research: Reflections on the Prudential Use of “Pilot” Trials -- Epistemological Presuppositions Involved in the Programs of Human Research -- At What Level of Statistical Certainty Ought a Random Clinical Trial to be Interrupted? -- Comment on Michael Ruse’s Essay -- Section IV / Obligations and the Avoidance of Injury -- Is There an Obligation to Participate in Biomedical Research? -- Physicians Experimenting on Themselves: Some Ethical and Philosophical Considerations -- Protection of Human Subjects: Remedies for Injury -- Israel Health Regulations: Experiments on Human Subjects - 1980 -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: This volume, which has developed from the Fourteenth Trans­ Disciplinary Symposium on Philosophy and Medicine, September 5-8, 1982, at Tel Aviv University, Israel, contains the contributions of a group of distinguished scholars who together examine the ethical issues raised by the advance of biomedical science and technology. We are, of course, still at the beginning of a revolution in our understanding of human biology; scientific medicine and clinical research are scarcely one hundred years old. Both the sciences and the technology of medicine until ten or fifteen years ago had the feeling of the 19th century about them; we sense that they belonged to an older time; that era is ending. The next twenty-five to fifty years of investigative work belong to neurobiology, genetics, and reproductive biology. The technologies of information processing and imaging will make diagnosis and treatment almost incomprehensible by my generation of physicians. Our science and technology will become so powerful that we shall require all of the art and wisdom we can muster to be sure that they remain dedicated, as Francis Bacon hoped four centuries ago, "to the uses of life." It is well that, as philosophers and physicians, we grapple with the issues now when they are relatively simple, and while the pace of change is relatively slow. We require a strategy for the future; that strategy must be worked out by scientists, philosophers, physicians, lawyers, theologians, and, I should like to add, artists and poets.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400913974
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 236 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- 1. Medicine -- 2. Philosophy -- 3. The book -- Acknowledgements -- II. Cultural Infusions in the Philosophy of Medicine -- 1. Introduction -- 2. An American ontology -- 3. The case of anthropological medicine -- 4. Getting the record straight -- 5. Conclusions -- III. Regular Versus Alternative Medicine -- 1. Introduction -- 2. How not to think about science and philosophy -- 3. What is special about science -- 4. Interlude: how to proceed? -- 5. The scientific status of homeopathy -- 6. Psychic or spiritual healing -- 7. Discussion -- IV. Concepts of Health and Disease -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Health and disease in a biological perspective -- 3. The philosophy of normativism -- 4. Towards a new research program -- 5. The interplay of science, common sense and philosophy -- 6. Afterthoughts -- V. Mind and Body in Science and Philosophy -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The philosophical agenda -- 3. The mental and the physical: five philosophical views -- 4. A science of the mental? -- 5. The primacy of human existence: phenomenology -- 6. Things which don’t fit -- 7. Discussion -- VI. Mind and Body in Medicine -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The mental suppressed: biological psychiatry -- 3. Will psychology help? -- 4. The psychosomatic connection -- 5. The limits of integration -- 6. The philosophical turn -- 7. Conclusions -- VII. Theses -- References.
    Abstract: 1. MEDICINE Illness, disease and disability plague man in every culture. But the form they take is not the same everywhere. Neither is man's reaction. Coping strategies, and the experience and knowledge backing them, depend very much on cultural setting. So medicine, the fabric of strategy and know­ ledge, can only be understood in the context of culture. In western society today, severe judgements are passed on medicine. Its store of knowledge and experience, and its repertory of strategies, have grown immensely during the last few decades. But it hardly alleviates dominant ailments, especially chronic diseases, diseases of old age and disturbances of social and mental functioning. We know that these ailments have come to the fore as the incidence of more "primitive" diseases declined in industrial societies. Infant deaths, and malnutrition and infections striking at young age, have dwindled to marginal significance in Western Europe and life expectancy at birth is twice that of some 150 years ago. Thus our new troubles are connected with past successes.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401725583
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 268 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I The Biological Underpinnings of Scents -- 1 Human odour culture: a zoological perspective -- 2 The molecular dimension in perfumery -- 3 The significance of odorous steroids in axillary odour -- II Developmental and Social Aspects of Fragrance -- 4 The acquisition of odour hedonics -- 5 Perfume as a tactic of impression management in social and organizational settings -- III Odour Perception and the Language of the Brain -- 6 Contingent negative variation (CNV) and the psychological effects of odour -- 7 Emotion and the brain -- IV Fragrance Therapies -- 8 Anxiety reduction using fragrances -- 9 Essential oils as psychotherapeutic agents -- V The Consumer and Perfume -- 10 The psychology of fragrance selection -- 11 Perfume, people, perceptions and products -- 12 Selling perfume: a technique or an art? -- 13 Fragrance education and the psychology of smell -- References -- Author Index.
    Abstract: THE SENSE OF SMELL The nose is normally mistakenly assumed to be the organ of smell reception. It is not. The primary function of the nose is to regulate the temperature and humidity of inspired air, thereby protecting the delicate linings of the lungs. This is achieved by the breathed air passing through narrow passageways formed by three nasal turbinates in each nostril. The turbinates are covered by spongy vascular cells which can expand or contract to open or close the nasal pathways. The olfactory receptors, innervated by the 1st cranial nerve, are located at the top of the nose. There are about 50 million smell receptors in the human olfactory epithelia, the total size of which, in humans, is about that of a small postage stamp, with half being at the top of the left and half at the top of the right nostril. The receptive surfaces of olfactory cells are ciliated and extend into a covering layer of mucus. There is a constant turnover of olfactory cells. Their average active life has been estimated to be about 28 days.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401722094
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (III, 172 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Education ; Mathematics ; Mathematics—Study and teaching . ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Mathematical Education and Aboriginal Children -- On Culture, Geometrical Thinking and Mathematics Education -- School Mathematics in Culture-Conflict Situations -- Mathematics Education in Its Cultural Context -- Values, Mathematics Education, and the Task of Developing Pupils’ Personalities: An Indonesian Perspective -- Outcomes of Schooling: Mathematics Achievement and Attitudes Towards Mathematics Learning in Hong Kong -- Institutional Issues in the Study of School Mathematics: Curriculum Research -- The Computer as a Cultural Influence in Mathematical Learning -- Book Reviews -- Erich Ch. Wittmann, ElementargeometrieundWirklichkeit -- C. C McKnight, F. J. Crosswhite, J. A. Dossey, E. Kifer, J. O. Swafford, K. J. Travers, and T. J. Cooney, The Underachieving Curriculum — Assessing US School Mathematics from an International Perspective -- Louise Lafortune (ed.), Women and Mathematics -- J. Dhombres, A. Dahan-Dalmedico, R. Bkouche, C. Houzel, and M. Guillemot, Mathématiquesau fil des âges.
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9789400927131
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 393 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness, and Healing 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology
    Abstract: Medicines in Context: an Introduction -- The Transaction of Medicines -- Introductory Note -- Commercial Pharmaceutical Medicine and Medicalization: a Case Study from El Salvador -- Traditional Practitioners and Western Pharmaceuticals in Sri Lanka -- Medicines and Rural Health Services: an Experiment in the Dominican Republic -- Buying Drugs in Addis Ababa: a Quantitative Analysis -- ‘Casi como doctor’: Pharmacists and their Clients in a Mexican Urban Context -- The Articulation of Formal and Informal Medicine Distribution in South Cameroon -- The Rise of the Modern Jamu Industry in Indonesia: a Preliminary Overview -- The Meaning of Medicines -- Introductory Note -- Culture and Pharmaceutics: Some Epistemological Observations of Pharmacological Systems in Ancient Europe and Medieval China -- The Use of Herbal and Biomedical Pharmaceuticals on Mauritius -- The Power of Medicines in East Africa -- Traditional Medication at Pregnancy and Childbirth in Madura, Indonesia -- The Reinterpretation and Distribution of Western Pharmaceuticals: an Example from the Mende of Sierra Leone -- Cultural Meanings of Oral Rehydration Salts in Jamaica -- Penicillin: an Ancient Ayurvedic Medicine -- Cultural Constructions of Efficacy -- Conclusion -- Pharmaceutical Anthropology: Perspectives for Research and Application -- List of Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Western pharmaceuticals are flooding the Third World. Injections, capsules and tablets are available in city markets and village shops, from 'traditional' practitioners and street vendors, as well as from more orthodox sources like hospitals. Although many are aware of this 'pharmaceutical invasion', little has been written about how local people perceive and use these products. This book is a first attempt to remedy that situation. It presents studies of the ways Western medicines are circulated and understood in the cities and rural areas of Africa, Asia and Latin America. We feel that such a collection is long overdue for two reasons. The first is a practical one: people dealing with health problems in developing countries need information about local situations and they need examples of methods they can use to examine the particular contexts in which they are working. We hope that this book will be useful for pharmacists, doctors, nurses, health planners, policy makers and concerned citizens, who are interested in the realities of drug use. Why do people want various kinds of medicine? How do they evaluate and choose them and how do they obtain them? The second reason for these studies of medicines is to fill a need in medical anthropology as a field of study. Here we address our colleagues in anthropol­ ogy, medical sociology and related disciplines.
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9789400928053
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H.L. van Breda et Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 105
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 105
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: The Collegium Phaenomenologicum in Its First Ten Years -- Texts -- The Crisis of Reason in the Nineteenth Century: Schelling’s Treatise on Human Freedom (1809) -- Perception, Categorial Intuition, and Truth in Husserl’s Sixth Logical Investigation -- Immanence, Transcendence, and Being in Husserl’s Idea of Phenomenology -- Heidegger’s Lehrjahre -- Time Out... -- Heidegger’s ‘Searching Suggestion’ concerning Nietzsche -- The Middle Voice in Being and Time -- Reference, Sign, and Language: Being and Time, Section 17 -- Narrow and not Far-reaching Footpaths: Heidegger and Modern Art -- Toward the Hermeneutic of Der Satz vom Grund -- The Sensitive Flesh -- Levinas on Memory and the Trace -- The Silent Anarchic World of the Evil Genius -- Jewgreek or Greekjew -- The Economy of the Body in a Post-Nietzschean Era -- The Inevitable and Slips of the Tongue -- Appendices -- Programs of the Collegium Phaenomenologicum 1976–1985 -- Participants in the Collegium Phaenomenologicum 1976–1985.
    Abstract: It is our hope that this volume will serve to document both the history of the Collegium Phaenomenologicum during its first ten years as well as some of the philosophical work that has grown out of the annual gatherings in Perugia. The Introduction narrates the history and is supplemented by the Appendices, in which the programs and the participants for each of the ten years are listed. The essays, on the other hand, present in more finished form work that was developed in connection with courses, lectures, or seminars conducted during the first ten years of the Collegium. Giuseppina Moneta John Sallis Jacques Taminiaux Introduction The Collegium Phaenomenologicum in Its First Ten Years GIUSEPPINA C. MONETA The idea of the Collegium Phaenomenologicum first took shape in a conversa­ tion that I had with Werner Marx at his home in Bollschweil in the Spring of 1975. Previously I had thought of the possibility of a gathering of phenom­ enologists somewhere in Italy during the summer months. And when I ex­ plained to Werner Marx that it would not be difficult to find accommodation for such a gathering in a Franciscan monastery in Umbria, he responded enthusiastically and assured me that such a project would have the support of the Husserl Archives in Leuven and in Freiburg.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400928091
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 382 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 123
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 123
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History
    Abstract: Preamble -- Newton, the Man — Again -- I: Newton’s Science -- Newton’s Third Law and Universal Gravity -- Newton’s Alchemy and his ‘Active Principle’ of Gravitation -- Newton’s Biblical Theology and his Theological Physics -- Newton’s ‘Opticks’ and the Incomplete Revolution -- Newton’s Pendulum Experiment and specific Characteristics of his Scientific Method in Physics -- II: Newton’s Scientific Heritage -- The Surprises of Newtonian Determinism -- Newton’s Conception of Time in Modern Physics and Philosophy -- Gravitation and Nineteenth-Century Physical Worldviews -- Electricity in Eighteenth-Century Holland: a Newtonian Legacy -- Reconcilation of the Newtonian Framework with Thermodynamics by the Reproducibility of a Collective Physical Quantity -- Newtonian Gravitational Theory and General Relativity in the Light of the Correspondence between their Mathematical Models -- Chemical Affinity in the 19th Century and Newtonianism -- III: Newton’s Methodological Heritage -- Newton, Lavoisier and Modern Science -- Inertia, the Innate Force of Matter: a Legacy from Newton to Modern Physics -- A Charactarization of the Newtonian Paradigm -- Newton’s Mathematization of Physics in Retrospect -- Probability, Planets, and Newton’s Methodology -- Isaac Newton’s Legacy: an Insight into Resilient Patterns of Thought -- Newton’s Construction of the Law of Gravitation -- IV: Newton’s Philosophical Heritage -- Partnership in Glory: Newton and Locke through the Enlightenment and beyond -- What Survives from the Classical Concept of Absolute Time -- Newton’s Theory of Matter -- Ethics, Politics and Sociology as Newtonian Sciences -- Aristotle Wittgenstein, alias Isaac Newton between Fact and Substance -- A Word About the Authors.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400926578
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Mathematics Education Library 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Mathematics ; Mathematics—Study and teaching .
    Abstract: 1/Towards a Way of Knowing -- 1.1. The conflict -- 1.2. My task -- 1.3. Preliminary thoughts on Mathematics education and culture -- 1.4. Technique-oriented curriculum -- 1.5. Impersonal learning -- 1.6. Text teaching -- 1.7. False assumptions -- 1.8. Mathematical education, a social process -- 1.9. What is mathematical about a mathematical education? -- 1.10. Overview -- 2/Environmental Activities and Mathematical Culture -- 2.1. Perspectives from cross-cultural studies -- 2.2. The search for mathematical similarities -- 2.3. Counting -- 2.4. Locating -- 2.5. Measuring -- 2.6. Designing -- 2.7. Playing -- 2.8. Explaining -- 2.9. From ‘universals’ to ‘particulars’ -- 2.10. Summary -- 3/The Values of Mathematical Culture -- 3.1. Values, ideals and theories of knowledge -- 3.2. Ideology — rationalism -- 3.3. Ideology — objectism -- 3.4. Sentiment — control -- 3.5. Sentiment — progress -- 3.6. Sociology — openness -- 3.7. Sociology — mystery -- 4/Mathematical Culture and the Child -- 4.1. Mathematical culture — symbolic technology and values -- 4.2. The culture of a people -- 4.3. The child in relation to the cultural group -- 4.4. Mathematical enculturation -- 5/Mathematical Enculturation — The Curriculum -- 5.1. The curriculum project -- 5.2. The cultural approach to the Mathematics curriculum — five principles -- 5.3. The three components of the enculturation curriculum -- 5.4. The symbolic component: concept-based -- 5.5. The societal component: project-based -- 5.6. The cultural component: investigation-based -- 5.7. Balance in this curriculum -- 5.8. Progress through this curriculum -- 6/Mathematical Enculturation — The Process -- 6.1. Conceptualising the enculturation process in action -- 6.2. An asymmetrical process -- 6.3. An intentional process -- 6.4. An ideational process -- 7/The Mathematical Enculturators -- 7.1. People are responsible for the process -- 7.2. The preparation of Mathematical enculturators — preliminary thoughts -- 7.3. The criteria for the selection of Mathematical enculturators -- 7.4. The principles of the education of Mathematical enculturators -- 7.5. Socialising the future enculturator into the Mathematics Education community -- Notes -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Mathematics is in the unenviable position of being simultaneously one of the most important school subjects for today's children to study and one of the least well understood. Its reputation is awe-inspiring. Everybody knows how important it is and everybody knows that they have to study it. But few people feel comfortable with it; so much so that it is socially quite acceptable in many countries to confess ignorance about it, to brag about one's incompe­ tence at doing it, and even to claim that one is mathophobic! So are teachers around the world being apparently legal sadists by inflicting mental pain on their charges? Or is it that their pupils are all masochists, enjoying the thrill of self-inflicted mental torture? More seriously, do we really know what the reasons are for the mathematical activity which goes on in schools? Do we really have confidence in our criteria for judging what's important and what isn't? Do we really know what we should be doing? These basic questions become even more important when considered in the context of two growing problem areas. The first is a concern felt in many countries about the direction which mathematics education should take in the face of the increasing presence of computers and calculator-related technol­ ogy in society.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400927506
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 120
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 120
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History
    Abstract: One. General Introduction -- A: The Need for a Living Hegel: From ‘Dichotomy’ (“Entzweiung”) to ‘Reconciliation’ (“Versöhnung”) -- B: The Whole Hegel and the Particulars of Scholarship -- C: Hegel and the Enlightenment -- D: The Scottish Enlightenment -- E: The Rôle of Newton -- F: The Structure of the Present Study -- Two. The Scottish Enlightenment in Germany — Stages of Reception -- A: Eighteenth Century German Translations of the Writings of the Scottish Enlightenment -- B: Contemporary Reviews -- C: The Popularizations -- D: The Impact on Teaching -- E: Conclusion and Outlook -- Three. Hegel’s Contacts with and Knowledge of the Scottish Enlightenment -- A: Hegel’s Knowledge of English -- B: Hegel’s Reading and Indirect Knowledge of the Scottish Enlightenment — A Reconstruction of the Dates and Extent -- C: Hegel’s Explicit References to the Scottish Enlightenment -- Four. Hegel’s Account of the Market Economy -- A: Some Presuppositions -- B: Human Needs -- C: Free Labour and Exchange -- D: Social Division of Labour: The Classes (‘Die Stände’) -- Five. Hegel’s ‘Libéralisme Interventionniste’ and the Legacy of Steuart and Smith -- A: Introduction -- B: Steuart and Smith -- C: Hegel’s Qualifications to Liberalism -- Six. The Division of Labour -- A: The Scottish Contribution to the Problem -- B: Hegel’s Discussion of the Division of Labour -- Conclusion and Outlook -- Bibliography and Bibliographical Appendices -- Appendix I. A Bibliography of Contemporary German Translations of the Writings of the Scottish Enlightenment. -- Appendix II. A Bibliography of Contemporary German Reviews of the Writings of the Scottish Enlightenment. -- Appendix III. A Bibliography of Contemporary German Popularizations of the Theories of the Scottish Enlightenment. -- Appendix IV. All English Books and all Scottish Enlightenment Authors in Hegel’s Library — An Extract from the Auction Catalogue. -- Appendix V. All English Books and all Scottish Enlightenment Authors in the Steiger of Tschugg Library — An Extract from the Auction Catalogue.
    Abstract: The present study, which investigates the influence of the Scottish Enlightenment on Hegel's account of 'civil society' or "biirgerliche Gesellschaft", is based on my PhD thesis, submitted to the University of Cambridge in September 1983. Its publication provides me with a welcome opportunity to acknowledge the help and encouragement I have received over the years from scholars, friends, and relations. At the Ruhr University of Bochum where I began my studies, I am indebted to Professor Otto Poggeler (Director of the Hegel Archives), to the other, past and present members of staff at the Hegel Archives, and to Professors Jiirgen Gebhardt, Jiirgen von Kempski, Heinz Kim­ merle; and Leo Kofler. It was my time at Bochum under the guidance of these scholars that kindled my love for the study of Hegel, which proved to be a lasting romance. In Scotland, where I continued my studies and spent two fruitful and happy years, I am indebted to George Elder Davie and Richard Gunn, who first introduced me to the Scottish Enlightenment, and to Professors R. H. Campbell and T. D. Campbell, who supervised my research in that field. At Cambridge, where most of this study was prepared, my greatest debt is to Duncan Forbes. I am grateful for his supervision of my research, but also, beyond the scope of my research, for what I have learned, genuinely learned, from the man.
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  • 97
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400928213
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 36
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Philosophy—History. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Preface -- Solution of the Staccato Version of the Achilles Paradox -- Pacifism: Is Its Moral Foundation Possible or Needed ? -- The Role of General Terms in Singling Out the Referent of a Demonstrative -- Philosophy and Pain Research -- A Defence of Rights-Duties Correlativism -- Scientific Discovery: Is It a Legitimate Subject for the Philosopher of Science ? -- Hegel and Logic -- Temporal Modalities and Modal Tense Operators -- Causal Propositions and Essential Properties -- Internalism and Intentionality -- Scientific Persuasion -- Is the Evil Daemon a Sceptical Device ? -- Why Wont Syntactic Naturalization of Belief do? -- An Argument Against Theism -- A Relativistic Criticism of Realism -- Deliberation, Practical Wisdom and the Self in the Nicomachean Ethics -- A Select Bibliography of Yugoslav Analytic Philosophy.
    Abstract: The aim of this collection is to present the work of Yugoslav philosophers who approach philosophy in a analytic manner. I have sought contributions from all philosophers of whom I knew to be working in this tradition. Not all sent their contributions; but I should say that the majority did. As a consequence of so wide an appeal, the papers published here exhibit not only a variety of topics but also differences in quality. This, I think, is to be expected given that the aim is to present the work of a group of philosophers who share only a poorly defined and general approach to philosophy. Of many people who have helped me bring out this collection, I can mention only a few. Jovan Babic gave me, as usual, sound advice and helped me to establish and maintain contact with the contributors in Yugoslavia. Milos Arsenijevic rounded up the recalcitrant contributors and constantly recruited new ones. And Svetlana Knjazev encouraged me - perhaps unwittingly - to persevere by her yarns of the old times in which there was no analytic philosophy in Yugoslavia. And Down Under, Steve Glaister checked the English, Nancy Simmons patiently typed the manuscripts into a rather temperamental word-processor, Mitjana Djukic proof-read them and Dean Davidson of the Macquarie University Computing Centre helped us to get them printed. To all of them many thanks.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789400913356
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (194p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 34
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Logic.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- 1. Prom linguistic form to situation schemata -- 2. Interpreting situation schemata -- 3. The logical point of view -- II. From Linguistic Form to Situation Schemata -- 1. Levels of linguistic form determining meaning -- 2. Motivation for the use of constraints -- 3. The modularization of the mapping from form to meaning -- 4. Situation schemata -- 5. The algorithm from linguistic form to situation schemata -- III. Interpreting Situation Schemata -- 1. The art of interpretation -- 2. The inductive definition of the meaning relation -- 3. A remark on the general format of situation schemata -- 4. Generalizing generalized quantifiers -- IV. A Logical Perspective -- 1. The mechanics of interpretation -- 2. A hierarchy of formal languages -- 3. Mathematical study of some formal languages -- 4. On the model theoretic interpretation of situation schemata -- V. Conclusions -- Appendices -- A. Prepositional Phrases in Situation Schemata -- by Erik Colban -- B. A Lyndon type interpretation theorem for many-sorted first-order logic -- C. Proof of the relative saturation lemma -- References.
    Abstract: This monograph grew out of research at Xerox PARC and the Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI) during the first year of CSLI's existence. The Center was created as a meeting place for people from many different research traditions and there was much interest in seeing how the various approaches could be joined in a common effort to understand the complexity of language and information. CSLI was thus an ideal environment for our group and our enterprise. Our original goal was to see how a well-developed linguistic the­ ory, such as lexical-functional grammar, could be joined with the ideas emerging from research in situation semantics in a manner which would measure up to the technical standards set by Montague grammar. The outcome was our notion of situation schemata and the extension of constraint-based grammar formalisms to deal with semantic as well as syntactic information. As our work progressed we widened our approach. We decided to also include a detailed study of the logic of situation theory, and to investigate how this logical theory is related to the relational theory of meaning developed in situation semantics.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400926417
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (444p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 113
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 113
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Philology ; History
    Abstract: 1: The Methodological Question -- 1. The Case for a Reorientation in the History of Psychology -- 2. Counterproposition: Psychology as Discourse -- 2: The Paradigm of Conceptual Psychology -- 3. Kant and Herbart: the Initiation of Conceptual Psychology -- 4. Empiricism and Conceptual Psychology: Psychophysics and Philology -- 3: Case Studies -- 5. Dilthey and Descriptive Psychology -- 6. Phenomenology and Conceptual Psychology -- 7. Mach’s Psychology of Investigation and the Limits of Science -- 8. Freud: the Psychology of Psychoanalysis -- Afterword: Some Consequences of Conceptual Psychology -- Notes -- Index of Names.
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789400929159
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 33
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 33
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: The Foundations of Modality and Conceivability in Descartes and his Predecessors -- Hobbes’s System of Modalities -- Was Leibniz’s Deity an Akrates? -- Hegel on Modalities and Monadology -- Plenitude and Contingency: Modal Concepts in Nineteenth Century French Philosophy -- Frege and his German Contemporaries on Alethic Modalities -- From Possibility to Probability: British Discussions on Modality in the Nineteenth Century -- The Failure of Logical Positivism to Cope with Problems of Modal Theory -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The word "modem" in the title of this book refers primarily to post-medieval discussions, but it also hints at those medieval mo­ dal theories which were considered modem in contradistinction to ancient conceptions and which in different ways influenced philosophical discussions during the early modem period. The me­ dieval developments are investigated in the opening paper, 'The Foundations of Modality and Conceivability in Descartes and His Predecessors', by Lilli Alanen and Simo Knuuttila. Boethius's works from the early sixth century belonged to the sources from which early medieval thinkers obtained their knowledge of ancient thought. They offered extensive discus­ sions of traditional modal conceptions the basic forms of which were: (1) the paradigm of possibility as a potency striving to realize itself; (2) the "statistical" interpretation of modal no­ tions where necessity means actuality in all relevant cases or omnitemporal actuality, possibility means actuality in some rel­ evant cases or sometimes, and impossibility means omnitemporal non-actuality; and (3) the "logical" definition of possibility as something which, being assumed, results in nothing contradic­ tory. Boethius accepted the Aristotelian view according to which total possibilities in the first sense must prove their met­ tle through actualization and possibilities in the third sense are assumed to be realized in our actual history. On these presump­ tions, all of the above-mentioned ancient paradigms imply the Principle of Plenitude according to which no genuine possibility remains unrealized.
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