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  • 2015-2019  (1.991)
  • World Bank Group  (1.488)
  • International Energy Agency  (295)
  • Edward Elgar Publishing  (208)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264597297
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (185 p.)
    Serie: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. This report on Estonia is the first since the country became the 29th member of the IEA in 2014. It discusses the energy challenges the country faces and recommends possible solutions to help it achieve a secure and sustainable energy future. Estonia is on the brink of a major energy transition that will involve a substantial change in the role of domestically produced oil shale in the country’s future energy mix. The transition will require Estonia to carefully balance social, environmental, economic, and energy security considerations. Estonia has already achieved its emissions reduction and renewable energy targets for 2020, but the country still has the highest carbon intensity of all IEA countries because of the dominant role of oil shale in its energy sector. Reaching Estonia’s ambitious targets for 2030 is possible but requires determined and timely action to decarbonise the country’s electricity and transport sectors. Estonia also has considerable scope to review energy taxation of all fuels to better reflect their carbon content with a view to accelerating the switch to low-emission technologies, notably in transport. In this report, the IEA provides recommendations for further improvements of Estonia’s policies to help the country guide the transformation of its energy sector.
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 1788111753 , 9781788111751
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 216 pages)
    Originaltitel: Elgaronline: Social and Political Science Collection 2019
    DDC: 306.2
    Schlagwort(e): Political culture ; Political sociology ; Sociologie politique ; Political culture ; Political sociology
    Kurzfassung: "This insightful book develops a new theoretical account of governance as regimes of governing practices that shape the political ordering of social relations. This account develops insights from sociology, politics and political economy and is 'post'-poststructuralist in scope. Chapters explore and synthesise three key features of governing that are often treated as contradictory: the historical contingency of statehood, the structured and unequal distribution of power and authority in governing, and the transformative possibilities of political action. This book proposes an innovative approach to governance analysis as a critical mode of empirical enquiry that is systematic, contextualised and holistic. In doing so, it also provides a new analytical framework to facilitate empirical investigation. Featuring tools of situated critique and analytical contextualisation, and with case study chapters that apply this framework in a range of empirical settings, this book is vital reading for all researchers of public policy and governance. Furthermore, researchers applying state theories to empirical investigation, and postgraduate students scrutinising complex governance settings, will also benefit from this book's theoretical account, analytical framework and case examples".
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Part I: Ontology, theory, epistemology -- 1. Introduction to governance analysis: critical enquiry at the intersection of politics, policy and society / Emma Carmel -- 2. Regimes of governing practices, socio-political order and contestation / Emma Carmel -- 3. Governance analysis: epistemological orientations and analytical framework / Emma Carmel -- Part II: Governing practices, statehoods and social inequalities -- 4. Governing skills, governing workplaces: explaining the new labour skills strategy for England / Hannah Durrant -- 5. The political ordering of migrant workers through labour admission policies / Regine Paul -- 6. Understanding the complexity and implications of the English care policy system / Fiona Morgan -- 7. Understanding the state-third sector relationship in public services delivery / Jenny Harlock -- Part III: Governing practices, social politics and contestation -- 8. Participatory governing through co-production and co-design / Michelle Farr -- 9. Participatory governing at the margins of the state / Sarah Morgan-Trimmer -- 10. Governing, politics and policy contestation within European networks / Hester Kan -- Index.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789264470132
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: The Global EV Outlook is an annual publication that identifies and discusses recent developments in electric mobility across the globe. It is developed with the support of the members of the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI). Combining historical analysis with projections to 2030, the report examines key areas of interest such as electric vehicle and charging infrastructure deployment, ownership cost, energy use, carbon dioxide emissions and battery material demand. The report includes policy recommendations that incorporate learning from frontrunner markets to inform policy makers and stakeholders that consider policy frameworks and market systems for electric vehicle adoption. This edition features a specific analysis of the performance of electric cars and competing powertrain options in terms of greenhouse gas emissions over their life cycle. As well, it discusses key challenges in the transition to electric mobility and solutions that are well suited to address them. This includes vehicle and battery cost developments; supply and value chain sustainability of battery materials; implications of electric mobility for power systems; government revenue from taxation; and the interplay between electric, shared and automated mobility options.
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : International Energy Agency
    ISBN: 9789264641105
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (177 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: The International Energy Agency’s annual benchmark for tracking energy investment, World Energy Investment 2019 provides a full picture of today’s capital flows and what they might mean for tomorrow’s energy sector. It assesses whether the frameworks and strategies put in place by governments, the energy industry, and financial institutions are spurring timely investment, and how spending across sectors and technologies matches with the world’s energy security and sustainability needs. This year’s edition looks at trends in investment and financing in 2018 across all areas of energy supply, efficiency, and research & development, key markets and sectors driving these trends, from electricity in Asia to fuel supply in North America, as well as the sectors and regions where energy capital flows are constrained. The analysis also examines how industry is responding to investment risks and opportunities, including through shorter-cycle oil and gas projects, financial risk management strategies for renewable power, financing models for energy efficiency, and in capital allocation decisions across sectors. And it looks at the implications of today’s trends, such as whether investment is sufficient to satisfy the world’s growing demand for energy, and whether enough capital is going into energy efficiency, renewable energy, and other low-carbon technologies to accelerate the pace of global energy transitions.
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : International Energy Agency
    ISBN: 9789264353367
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: Since 2015, improvements in global energy intensity have been weakening each year. Energy Efficiency 2019 examines the reasons for this slowdown, which has major implications for consumers, businesses, governments and the environment. The rate at which energy-using technologies are becoming more efficient is slackening, and at the same time societal changes are adding to energy demand faster than technological change can keep up. On top of this, progress on policy and investment remains flat. In addition to tracking trends in energy efficiency policy, investment, and technology, this year’s report highlights how the digitalisation of our homes, businesses and transport systems provides immense opportunities to improve energy efficiency in systems and end uses. However, policy makers must engage with a range of challenging issues if the world is to harness digitalisation for greater energy efficiency. The IEA explores these with its new Readiness for Digital Energy Efficiency policy framework, presented in this report for the first time. Energy Efficiency 2019 is the authoritative tracker of global energy efficiency trends, providing policy makers and others in the energy sector with crucial insights into the status of global energy efficiency.
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : International Energy Agency
    ISBN: 9789264559967
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: Air conditioners in passenger cars, vans, buses and freight trucks – collectively known as mobile air conditioning – consume large amounts of energy. The fuel they use and their leaks of refrigerant are also responsible for a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions. This report explores the current global energy consumption from mobile air conditioning systems, along with the resulting greenhouse gas emissions from the energy consumption and the leaking refrigerants. With no further policy action, energy use from mobile air conditioning may almost triple to over 5.7 million barrels of oil equivalent per day by 2050. At the same time, annual combined emissions from energy consumption and refrigerant leakage could more than triple to 1 300 million tons of CO2 equivalent. The report provides a summary review of the technical opportunities for improving the efficiency of mobile air conditioning. This is complemented with a review of the different types of alternative cooling refrigerants, and their potential impact on global warming. These two analyses are combined to develop a scenario of high efficiency and low global warming potential. The report’s analysis is based on a study of the literature and makes use of the IEA’s Mobility Model, which provides insights into the current and expected future stock of road vehicles. Finally, the report explores the role government policy can play in supporting the development and installation of more efficient mobile air conditioning systems.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789264444829
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: As power systems around the world transform, power system flexibility has become a global priority. A range of operational, policy and investment-based interventions are available to render modern systems more flexible, thereby facilitating cleaner, and more reliable, more resilient, and more affordable energy. This report identifies challenges and opportunities to unlock system flexibility and accelerate power system transformation (PST) efforts. It provides an overview of the policy, regulatory and market instruments which can be implemented in different power sector contexts to mitigate these challenges. Importantly, all power system assets, including variable renewable energy, can provide flexibility services, if enabled by proper policy, market and regulatory frameworks. These assets include power plants, electricity networks, energy storage and distributed energy resources. A wealth of known strategies, approaches and instruments can be readily applied and adapted to power systems. These include modifications to: energy strategies; legal frameworks; policies and programmes; regulatory frameworks; market rules; system operation protocols; and connection codes. Moving forward, updating system flexibility policies to match the pace of technological development can help to accelerate global PST, while ensuring that all classes of power system assets are able to receive fair remuneration for the flexibility services they are capable of providing.
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264593145
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: Japan’s G20 presidency 2019 asked the International Energy Agency to analyse progress in G20 countries towards securing investments in low-carbon power generation. The Japan presidency, which began on 1 December 2018 and runs through 30 November 2019, has placed a strong focus on innovation, business and finance.1 In the areas of energy and the environment, Japan wishes to create a “virtuous cycle between the environment and growth”, which is the core theme of the G20 Ministerial Meeting on Energy Transitions and Global Environment for Sustainable Growth in Karuizawa, Japan, 15-16 June 2019. A first draft report was presented to the 2nd meeting of the G20 Energy Transitions Working Group (ETWG), held through 18-19 April 2019. This final report incorporates feedback and comments submitted during April by the G20 membership and was shared with the ETWG members. This final report is cited in “Proposed Documents for the Japanese Presidency of the G20” that was distributed to the G20 energy ministers, who convened in Karuizawa on 15-16 June 2019. This report, prepared as an input for the 2019 G20 ministerial meeting, is an IEA contribution; it is not submitted for formal approval by energy ministers, nor does it reflect the G20 membership’s national or collective views. This report looks at one of the key challenges for the decarbonisation of the energy sector, notably in organised power markets. Based on insights from the IEA flagship publication, World Energy Outlook 2018, and from the recent World Energy Investment 2019, the report provides guidance to policy makers on how to accelerate the decarbonisation of the power sector.
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Energy Agency
    ISBN: 9789264941311
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: Materials are the building blocks of society, making up the buildings, infrastructure, equipment and goods that enable businesses and people to carry out their daily activities. Economic development has historically coincided with increasing demand for materials, resulting in growing energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from materials production. Clean energy transitions must decouple these trends. Material efficiency strategies can contribute to CO2 emissions reduction throughout value chains. Despite being an often overlooked emissions mitigation lever, opportunities for material efficiency exist at each lifecycle stage, from design and fabrication, through use and finally to end of life. Pushing these strategies to their practical yet achievable limits could enable considerable reductions in the demand for several key materials. Conversely, the demand for some materials may moderately increase while delivering favourable emissions benefits at other points in the value chain. As a result, improved material efficiency can reduce some of the deployment needs for other CO2 emissions mitigation options while achieving the same emissions reduction, thus contributing to clean energy transitions. This analysis examines the potential for material efficiency and the resulting energy and emissions impact for key energy-intensive materials: steel, cement and aluminium. It includes deep dives on the buildings construction and vehicles value chains, and outlines key policy and stakeholder actions to improve material efficiency. Important actions include: increasing material use data collection and benchmarking; improving consideration of the life-cycle impact in climate regulations and at the design stage; and promoting repurposing, reuse and recycling at end of product and buildings lifetimes.
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA World Energy Statistics and Balances
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This table contains data on the energy trade, supply and consumption of coal, oil, gas, electricity, heat, combustible renewables and waste, expressed in thousand tonnes of oil equivalent (ktoe).
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris Cedex 16 : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264418738
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (203 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: Hydrogen and energy have a long shared history – powering the first internal combustion engines over 200 years ago to becoming an integral part of the modern refining industry. It is light, storable, energy-dense, and produces no direct emissions of pollutants or greenhouse gases. But for hydrogen to make a significant contribution to clean energy transitions, it needs to be adopted in sectors where it is almost completely absent, such as transport, buildings and power generation. The Future of Hydrogen provides an extensive and independent survey of hydrogen that lays out where things stand now; the ways in which hydrogen can help to achieve a clean, secure and affordable energy future; and how we can go about realising its potential.
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264912557
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: Industry is the basis for prospering societies and central to economic development. As the source of almost one-quarter of CO2 emissions, it must also be a central part of the clean energy transition. Emissions from industry can be among the hardest to abate in the energy system, in particular due to process emissions that result from chemical or physical reactions and the need for high-temperature heat. A portfolio of technologies and approaches will be needed to address the decarbonisation challenge while supporting sustainable and competitive industries. Carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) is expected to play a critical role in this sustainable transformation. For some industrial and fuel transformation processes, CCUS is one of the most cost-effective solutions available for large-scale emissions reductions. In the IEA Clean Technology Scenario (CTS), which sets out a pathway consistent with the Paris Agreement climate ambition, CCUS contributes almost one-fifth of the emissions reductions needed across the industry sector. More than 28 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide (GtCO2) is captured from industrial processes in the period to 2060, the majority of it from the cement, steel and chemical subsectors. A strengthened and tailored policy response will be needed to support the transformation of industry consistent with climate goals while preserving competitiveness. The development of CO2 transport and storage networks for industrial CCUS hubs can reduce unit costs through economies of scale and facilitate investment in CO2 capture facilities. Establishing markets for premium lower-carbon materials – such as cement, steel and chemicals – through public and private procurement can also accelerate the adoption of CCUS and other lower-carbon industrial processes.
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264911291
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: Japan’s G20 presidency 2019 asked the International Energy Agency to analyse progress in G20 countries towards technology innovation to accelerate energy transitions. The Japan presidency, which began on 1 December 2018 and runs through 30 November 2019, has placed a strong focus on innovation, business and finance.1 In the areas of energy and the environment, Japan wishes to create a “virtuous cycle between the environment and growth”, which is the core theme of the G20 Ministerial Meeting on Energy Transitions and Global Environment for Sustainable Growth in Karuizawa, Japan, 15-16 June 2019. A first draft report was presented to the 2nd meeting of the G20 Energy Transitions Working Group (ETWG), held through 18-19 April 2019. This final report incorporates feedback and comments submitted during April by the G20 membership and was shared with the ETWG members. This final report is cited in “Proposed Documents for the Japanese Presidency of the G20” that was distributed to the G20 energy ministers, who convened in Karuizawa on 15-16 June 2019. This report, prepared as an input for the 2019 G20 ministerial meeting, is an IEA contribution; it is not submitted for formal approval by energy ministers, nor does it reflect the G20 membership’s national or collective views. The report sets out around 100 “innovation gaps”, that is, key innovation needs in each energy technology area that require additional efforts, including through global collaboration.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789264505247
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; China, People’s Republic
    Kurzfassung: The People’s Republic of China had the fastest growth in space cooling energy consumption worldwide in the last two decades, driven by increasing income and growing demand for thermal comfort. This report explores the principal trends and challenges related to this rapid growth, looking into existing market developments, policies, technology choices and occupant behaviour in buildings in China. It then looks at how cooling demand in buildings might evolve over the next decade to 2030 and considers what China can do to ensure greater cooling comfort without parallel growth in energy consumption and related emissions. The report recommends raising energy performance standards for cooling equipment, tapping into building design opportunities, and ensuring that “part time” and “part space” behaviour remains the principal cooling mode in buildings. These strategies, among others, will reduce the impact of rising cooling demand on China’s electricity system, unlocking benefits in terms of reduced power capacity investments, lower energy and maintenance costs, improved air quality, and greater access to cooling comfort.
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  • 15
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264393394
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (103 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: Nuclear power and hydropower form the backbone of low-carbon electricity generation. Together, they provide three-quarters of global low-carbon generation. Over the past 50 years, the use of nuclear power has reduced carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by over 60 gigatonnes – nearly two years’ worth of global energy-related emissions. However, in advanced economies, nuclear power has begun to fade, with plants closing and little new investment made, just when the world requires more low-carbon electricity. This report, Nuclear Power in a Clean Energy System, focuses on the role of nuclear power in advanced economies and the factors that put nuclear power at risk of future decline. It is shown that without action, nuclear power in advanced economies could fall by two-thirds by 2040. The implications of such a “Nuclear Fade Case” for costs, emissions and electricity security using two World Energy Outlook scenarios – the New Policies Scenario and the Sustainable Development Scenario are examined. Achieving the pace of CO2 emissions reductions in line with the Paris Agreement is already a huge challenge, as shown in the Sustainable Development Scenario. It requires large increases in efficiency and renewables investment, as well as an increase in nuclear power. This report identifies the even greater challenges of attempting to follow this path with much less nuclear power. It recommends several possible government actions that aim to: ensure existing nuclear power plants can operate as long as they are safe, support new nuclear construction and encourage new nuclear technologies to be developed.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789264674523
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (111 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Delivering Quality Health Services: A Global Imperative
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: La couverture sanitaire universelle (CSU) vise à assurer la sécurité sanitaire et l'accès universel aux services de soins essentiels sans difficultés financières pour les individus, les familles et les communautés. La CSU permet une transition vers des sociétés et des économies plus productives et équitables et est inscrite dans les objectifs de développement durable (ODD) à l'horizon 2030. Mais la CSU ne devrait pas être mise en œuvre sans prendre en compte la qualité des soins fournis. Qualité signifie des soins efficaces, sûrs, centrés sur la personne, rapides, équitables, intégrés et efficients. Des soins de haute qualité améliorent les résultats pour la santé et réduisent le gaspillage. Cela fait partie intégrante d'un système de santé durable et de grande valeur. L’accès universel à des soins de santé de haute qualité n’est pas un luxe que seuls les pays riches peuvent se permettre. Cela peut être réalisé dans tous les contextes avec un leadership, une planification et une mise en œuvre solides. Les résultats valent l'investissement. Bien que des progrès significatifs aient été accomplis pour améliorer la qualité des soins, des efforts supplémentaires sont nécessaires, tant dans les pays en développement que dans les pays développés. Ce rapport décrit la situation actuelle en matière de CSU et de qualité globale des soins, et décrit les mesures que les gouvernements, les services de santé et leurs travailleurs, ainsi que les citoyens et les patients, doivent prendre de manière urgente.
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  • 17
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264495272
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (78 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: Since the earliest days of their development, power systems have run up against, and then across, jurisdictional boundaries. A primary driver of this expansion has been economics, in particular a desire to lower the overall investment and operating costs of the power systems in question. At the same time, cross-border power system integration can bring with it a number of security benefits. More recently, a third driver of cross-border system integration has become more relevant: the integration of increasing shares of variable renewable energy (VRE) sources. The main question is not whether jurisdictions should integrate their power systems across borders, but how they should. This report looks at international experience with cross border integration. It identifies for policymakers the three critical areas of collaboration for effective integration: system operations, long-term planning and the role of regional institutions. The report discusses how it is possible to integrate power systems across borders without sacrificing local autonomy, and how a balance between regional and local priorities is necessary to realise its full benefits.
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  • 18
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264695368
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (78 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: The Clean Energy Transitions Programme (CETP) leverages the IEA’s unique energy expertise across all fuels and technologies to accelerate global clean-energy transitions, particularly in major emerging economies. The Programme includes collaborative analytical work, technical cooperation, training and capacity building and strategic dialogues. Rapid and sustainable transformation in the energy sector is essential not only to reach climate goals, but also to reduce air pollution, and enable access to energy for the nearly 1 billion without access to electricity and nearly 2.7 billion without access to clean cooking facilities as of 2017. This transition is particularly urgent in developing countries, where population and economic growth will continue to contribute to increasing energy demand, CO2 emissions and air pollution. In fact, until 2040, more than 95% of growth in primary energy will come from non-OECD countries, with the majority of consumption driven by a small number of emerging economies. These countries will therefore shape, to a significant extent, the future of the global energy landscape.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264960374
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (199 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; China, People’s Republic
    Kurzfassung: China Power System Transformation has a two-fold objective. First, it provides a summary of the state of play of power system transformation (PST) in the People’s Republic of China (“China”) as well as a comprehensive discussion of PST internationally. This includes a comprehensive review of all possible sources of power system flexibility (power plants, grid infrastructure, storage, and demand-side response) and a detailed discussion of market, policy, and regulatory frameworks to effectively mobilise power system flexibility. Second, it presents findings from a detailed power sector modelling exercise for China in 2035, building on the 2018 World Energy Outlook New Policies and Sustainable Development Scenarios. The modelling identifies the establishment of spot markets and trade between provinces as two of the main elements to improve system operation efficiency in China. In order to integrate very high shares of variable renewables consistent with the WEO SDS, activating the demand side – especially electric vehicles – and targeted use of electricity storage are found to be crucial for an accelerated transformation of the Chinese power system.
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  • 20
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264668010
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Serie: Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Morocco
    Kurzfassung: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its association countries, a process that supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. This report on Morocco discusses the advancements made as well as the challenges faced by the country’s ambitious domestic energy transition pathway to 2030. With an impressive track record in solar technologies, Morocco is leading the deployment of renewable energy in North Africa. Further progress, however, can be made in commercial or industrial applications that continue to rely on fossil fuel imports. Although successful in providing electricity access to its rising population, Morocco also faces the challenging task of keeping energy demand in check. In this report, the IEA provides recommendations for how to strengthen Morocco’s energy efficiency policies to help the country continue to transform its energy sectors in order to meet the renewable energy and energy efficiency targets.
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  • 21
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264911765
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: Global natural gas demand is growing strongly, supported by abundant and diversified sources of supply. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) remains a key enabler of international trade development with double-digit growth three years in a row, and with future growth potential supported by another wave of investment decisions in LNG export facilities throughout the world. Much of the growth in LNG consumption is occurring in countries where LNG competes with other sources of natural gas and fuels, meaning LNG importers want more flexibility. The development of LNG spot trading, the growing share of destination-free supply contracts, and the rise of portfolio players as key buyers are all signs that the LNG market is responding to these increasing demands. The International Energy Agency’s fourth edition of the Global Gas Security Review provides a detailed overview of these recent global market trends as well as specific regional analyses for major importing markets. This year’s report focuses on three topics. It first provides an update on LNG market flexibility metrics based on a detailed assessment of recent contractual activity. It analyses the evolution of flexibility in LNG supply procured by traditional Asian buyers for their domestic markets, and how this flexibility could contribute to improving security of supply for fast-growing markets elsewhere in Asia. Finally, this year’s report includes a focus on north-western Europe’s gas security challenges as a major source of domestic supply (the Groningen field in the Netherlands) is phased out.
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  • 22
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Coal Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: In this table, a balance for different types of coal and coal products, including manufactured gases is shown. The aggregates for hard coal and brown coal are also included, as is a product coal which includes all primary coal types, and all derived coal products with the exception of gas works gas. This table provides full balance data such as primary energy supply, transformation sector and final consumption based in kilotonnes of coal equivalent (7,000 Gigacalories) for OECD countries and OECD country aggregate groups.
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  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Renewables Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This comparative table comprises statistics about net capacity of renewables in MWe terms. Renewable electricity and heat generation are derived from solar thermal, geothermal, hydro, wind.
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  • 24
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Energy Prices and Taxes Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This dataset includes oil product spot prices by market. Products such as gasoil, gasoline, high sulphur fuel oi, jet kerosene, naphtha are listed within the database.
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  • 25
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA World Energy Statistics and Balances
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This dataset provides data on energy world indicators in terms of world supply, consumption and trade.
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  • 26
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Natural Gas Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This dataset brings together statistics compiled by the IEA on natural gas imports by origin. It contains time series for 1993 onwards for the world, 143 countries and 24 regional aggregates on imports of natural gas by country of origin.
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  • 27
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Energy Projections for IEA Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This table contains forecasted energy economic indicators as well as forecasted standard indicators for IEA countries in terms of their flow (GDP, population, energy production/TPES, TFC/GDP). Statistical projections extend to 2030.
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  • 28
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Energy Prices and Taxes Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This database comprises various energy product prices expressed in national currency per toe with products such as sulphur fuel oil, automotive diesel, premium leaded gasoline while comparing data by sectors.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 29
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Energy Prices and Taxes Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This dataset on energy prices provides statistics on the crude oil import costs both in terms of USD/bbl or real index per national currency.
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  • 30
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Energy Prices and Taxes Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This dataset includes various crude oil products listed by their respective market spot prices.
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  • 31
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Statistics: Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This table on air and climate contains indicators for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions generated from fossil fuel combustion in IEA countries and regions. Data are available from 1960 onwards.
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  • 32
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Renewables Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This dataset focuses on the renewables market while providing full balance data such as primary energy supply, transformation sector and final consumption based in kilotonne and terajoule of renewables equivalent for OECD countries and OECD country aggregate.
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  • 33
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Oil Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This dataset provides a detailed comparison of products such as crude oil, natural gas liquids, petroleum, gasoline, ethane while focusing on their trade flows, production, consumption across OECD member countries.
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  • 34
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Oil Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This table contains data on world oil statistics while focusing on trade flows amongst countries, oil demand and output. Data are expressed in kilotonnes or kilobarrels per day.
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  • 35
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Statistics: Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This table contains data for CO2, CH4, N2O, HFC, PFC and SF6 emissions from fossil fuel combustion in OECD countries and regions.
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  • 36
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Coal Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This table presents detailed coal export data by destination for OECD member states for the following coal products and aggregates: anthracite, coking coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, coke oven, coke, hard coal, brown coal, steam coal, other bituminous coal and anthracite. The data are reported in kilotonnes.
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  • 37
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Electricity Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This table provides a full balance of electricity and heat for OECD countries, including gross and net production, trade, energy supply, energy industry use and final consumption.
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  • 38
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA World Energy Statistics and Balances
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This dataset provides conversion factors in terms of trade, production and consumption of energy within various industries.
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  • 39
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Coal Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: In this table, statistics for different types of coal and coal products, including manufactured gases is shown.This table provides full supply and consumption data of coal such as primary energy supply,transformation sector, energy sector and final consumption based in kilotonnes for OECD countries and OECD country aggregate groups.
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  • 40
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Energy Prices and Taxes Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This database comprises various energy product prices expressed in national currency per unit with products such as natural gas, steam coal, coking coal, liquefied petroleum gas while comparing data by sectors.
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  • 41
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Electricity Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This dataset provides statistics on electricity imports by country of origin.
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  • 42
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Energy Prices and Taxes Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This dataset provides crude oil imports costs by type of crude in terms of country of origin.
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  • 43
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Energy Projections for IEA Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This dataset comprises statistics on coal supply forecasts for IEA countries while focusing on the flow those coal products (hard coal, brown coal, anthracite, coking coal, bituminous coal, lignite). Data projections extend to 2030.
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  • 44
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Energy Projections for IEA Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This table provides statistical forecasts on enercy capacity for IEA countries. Products such as coal, hydro, oil, geothermal, solar and more are projected in terms of flows. Data forecasts extend to 2030.
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  • 45
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Energy Prices and Taxes Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This dataset includes energy statistics on the basis of main economic indicators such as Consumer Price Index, Purchasing Power Parities, Producer Price Index and currency exchange rates.
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  • 46
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Oil Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This table contains data on crude supply by comparing imports, exports, stock changes and trade flows of products such as crude oil, natural gas liquid, biofuels, hydrocarbons and refinery feedstocks.
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  • 47
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Statistics: Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This dataset comprises statistics on CO2 emissions per capita by sector (transport, road, manufacturing industries and construction, and more). Data are coverage starts in 1960.
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  • 48
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Electricity Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This table shows a comprehensive status of net electrical capacity by type of energy. It also contains data on single fuel-fired and multi-fuel fired plants, type of generation and peak load.
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  • 49
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Energy Technology RD&D Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This dataset includes statistics on energy technology Research & Development and dissemination as well as R&D budget for IEA countries. It presents shifts in R&D, expenditures associated with investments and further analyzes budget allocations in terms of flow.
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  • 50
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Renewables Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This dataset comprises statistics regarding various renewable and waste energy while presenting trade statistics of various renewable energy products as well as figures for those products in terms of electricity output (GWh) and heat output(TJ).
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  • 51
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Coal Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: In this table, calorific values for different types of coal and coal products are shown on a country by country basis. The aggregates for hard coal and brown coal are included for years prior to 1978 only. This table provides the calorific values used to convert raw tonnes of coal and coal products into energy for the OECD Coal Balance data. It is shown in megajoules per tonne for OECD countries.
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  • 52
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Coal Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This table contains world data on coal supply as well as coal consumption.
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  • 53
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Energy Projections for IEA Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This table includes statistical projections on the energy balance for IEA countries by analyzing their respective products (coal, oil, nuclear, hydro, biofuels and more) in terms of flow. Data are expressed in thousand tonnes of oil equivalent(ktoe) and forecasts extend to 2030.
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  • 54
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Energy Prices and Taxes Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This database comprises various energy product prices expressed in US dollars with products such as sulphur fuel oil, automotive diesel, premium leaded gasoline while comparing data by sectors.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 55
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA World Energy Statistics and Balances
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This dataset contains data on oil demand and consumption by product such as aviation fuels, motor gasoline, diesel oil, kerosene, naphtha, petroleum and refinery fuel for non-OECD countries
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  • 56
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Coal Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This table presents detailed coal import data by origin for OECD member states for the following coal products and aggregates: anthracite, coking coal, subbituminous coal, ignite/brown coal, coke, oven coke, hard coal, brown coal, steam coal, other bituminous coal and anthracite. The data are reported in kilotonnes.
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  • 57
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Electricity Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This table includes monthly OECD net electricity production from main sources and trade data from January 2000 to December 2010.
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  • 58
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Natural Gas Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This table contains world data on natural gas supply as well as natural gas consumption.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 59
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Statistics: Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This dataset comprises a detailed set of statistics on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions estimates from fossil fuel combustion. It includes an extensive set of products emitting CO2 from combustion analyzed in terms of their respective industry flows (iron and steel, manufacturing industries, agriculture, machinery, etc). Data are presented from 1960 onwards.
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  • 60
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Renewables Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This comparative tables presents figures on the renewable energy supply and consumption market amongst OECD member countries by analyzing renewable products in terms of production, import and exports.
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  • 61
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Oil Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This table focuses on the export of various energy products such as crude oil, refinery gas, natural gas liquids, fuel oil amongst OECD member countries.
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  • 62
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Energy Prices and Taxes Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This dataset provides wholesale and retail energy end-use price indices by sector for both household and industry in nominal and real terms. Products such as coal, heavy fuel oil, automotive diesel fuel, natural gas, oil products, unleaded gasoline are the core focus of this dataset.
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  • 63
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Electricity Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This table presents gross electricity and heat production from each energy source such as nuclear, hydro, combustible fuels, geothermal, solar, wind and other sources as well as the breakdown according to the type of plant (electricity only, CHP or heat only). Inputs by type of fuel are also provided. Gross heat production is the total heat produced by the installation and includes the heat used by the installation's auxiliaries which use a hot fluid (space heating, liquid fuel heating, etc.) and losses in the installation/network heat exchanges whereas Net Heat Production is the heat supplied to the distribution system as determined from measurements of the outgoing and return flows.
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  • 64
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Energy Prices and Taxes Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This dataset provides wholesale and retail energy end-use price indices by sector for both household and industry in nominal and real terms. Products such as coal, electricity, natural gas and oil products are included within the table.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 65
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Oil Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This table focuses on the import of various energy products such as crude oil, refinery gas, natural gas liquids, fuel oil amongst OECD member countries.
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  • 66
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Electricity Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This dataset provides statistics on electricity supply per OECD country with net electricity production from main sources and trade data from January 2000 onwards. Data are presented on a monthly basis.
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  • 67
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Renewables Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This dataset figures reprensenting various renewable and waste energy supply statistics while showcasing the renewable energy market’s products as well as figures for those products in terms of electricity output (GWh, heat output(TJ), domestic supply and stock changes.
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  • 68
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Natural Gas Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This table contains world data on supply of natural gas.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 69
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA World Energy Statistics and Balances
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This table contains an extended set of data on the energy supply, trade and consumption of coal, oil, energy output, gas, electricity, heat, combustible renewables and waste, expressed in thousand tonnes of oil equivalent (ktoe).
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  • 70
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Energy Technology RD&D Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This dataset includes statistics on research & development within the energy technology industry as well as R&D dissemination indicators (exchange rate, PPP,Nominal GDP, GDP deflator). Data coverage commences in 1974.
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  • 71
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA World Energy Statistics and Balances
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This table contains data on energy supply, trade and consumption in original units (1000 metric tonnes, terajoules and gigawatt hours) for coal, oil, gas, electricity, heat, combustible renewables, biogasoline, energy, refinery gas, charcoal, waste.
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  • 72
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Statistics: Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This dataset presents detailed statistics on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fuel combustion by product (coal/peat, oil, gas) and flow (manufacturing, main activity producer, construction and more). Data are presented from 1960 onwards.
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  • 73
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Natural Gas Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This table contains data on natural gas exports by origin for OECD countries.
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  • 74
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEA Electricity Information Statistics
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This dataset provides statistics on electricity exports by destination country.
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  • 75
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Environmental Study
    Kurzfassung: This analytical work assesses the current capabilities of, as well as the gaps and challenges faced by, the Georgian Hydrometeorological Department (GHMD) in producing and delivering weather, climate, and hydrological (hydrometeorological) products and services based on users' needs. It provides the government authorities and decision makers in Georgia with a technical strategic framework for improvements in hydromet and early warning systems and services (EWS), to provide socioeconomic benefits to the Georgian population; safeguard their lives, livelihoods, and property; and protect economic investments. The road map consists of 11 chapters. Chapters 1-3 highlight the climate and hydrological hazards affecting Georgia, their consequent risks, and the socioeconomic impacts on the Georgian people. Chapter 4 provides an assessment of users' needs for hydromet information. Chapter 5 gives an overview of the institutional and organizational structure of GHMD, while chapter 6 provides an in-depth analysis of GHMD's current status. Chapter 7 discusses modernization of hydromet and EWS. Chapters 8 and 9 present the road map in detail, along with three proposed successive development scenarios designed to transform GHMD into a technically modern and sound hydrometeorological service by narrowing the gap between GHMD's current status and the level of services needed for fully discharging its public service mandate. Chapter 10 presents a detailed socioeconomic benefits analysis. Finally, chapter 11 lays out the conclusions and a way forward, and several annexes provide additional details
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  • 76
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Kurzfassung: This note presents the results of a survey undertaken in Fiji from May to June 2019 with the intention to identify the specific challenges men and women cross-border traders are facing related to trade facilitation at the firm level. Generally, efforts to improve trade conditions, especially relating to women cross-border traders, have been progressing over the years. Yet, there is limited work focusing on trade facilitation initiatives and trade competitiveness interventions aimed at women firms who face trading barriers that are not strictly linked to tariffs or policies. There is a global data gap on the nature of barriers that women traders face related to trade facilitation at the firm level. In fact, the problem is even deeper rooted; there is a global vacuum of knowledge about the exact proportion of cross-border traders that are women. No country, not even the gender equality champions in Northern Europe, can easily confirm the number of women that undertake cross-border trade in their respective countries. A survey designed to collect data on these challenges is being rolled out in the Pacific. Countries in the Pacific Islands region face unique development challenges: they are physically detached from major markets, have small populations spread across many islands and time zones, confront the worst impacts of climate change, and are some of the most vulnerable countries to natural disasters in the world
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  • 77
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Urban Study
    Kurzfassung: In March 2018, the World Bank finalized an agreement with Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) to conduct a demand survey for housing across Egypt. The survey consisted of a sample of 10,300 households across eight governorates. The inclusive housing finance program supports several aspects of the government's social housing program, including financial aid to low-income households to help them access housing. This aid comes in the form of a subsidy that either complements the down payment and the repayments in the first years of a mortgage loan or contributes to the payment of the rent in the public or the private sector. The Government of Egypt asked the World Bank to advise on conducting a housing demand assessment to understand the differential demand for rental and ownership housing by different income and employment groups and for different types of houses, locations, and regions. The main objective of the study is to provide detailed information on the demand for affordable ownership housing with a mortgage loan, a down payment, and a subsidy and for formal rental accommodation
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  • 78
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Policy Notes
    Schlagwort(e): Inequality ; Living Standards ; Poverty Assessment ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Reduction
    Kurzfassung: This report aims to map poverty and inequality in Sudan and would be representative of the 18 states and 131 localities of Sudan. The poverty mapping technique is based on a small area estimation (SAE) technique developed by the World Bank to derive estimates of geographic poverty and inequality. It combines data from the 2014-15 National Household Budget and Poverty Survey (NHBPS) and the 2008 Population and Housing Census data to build spatially disaggregated poverty maps. Although household surveys usually include measures of income and wealth, they are not representative beyond the state level. Yet, allowing lower levels of disaggregation is important for policy interventions, particularly for countries like Sudan that have state governments, which manage the activities of the state while reporting to the federal government. This study uses a model of household expenditure from a survey data set to estimate household welfare at the lower levels and apply it to the census data set which does not provide information on household income or expenditure. These maps illustrate the information gains provided by SAE, show there is a substantial spatial heterogeneity within the localities, and highlight the small areas most likely to exhibit the highest risk of poverty
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  • 79
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464814020
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (278 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Kurzfassung: The war in Syria, now in its eighth year, continues to take its toll on the Syrian people. More than half of the population of Syria remains displaced; 5.6 million persons are registered as refugees outside of the country and another 6.2 million are displaced within Syria's borders. The internally displaced persons include 2 million school-age children; of these, less than half attend school. Another 739,000 Syrian children are out of school in the five neighborhood countries that host Syria's refugees. The loss of human capital is staggering, and it will create permanent hardships for generations of Syrians going forward.Despite the tragic prospects for renewed fighting in certain parts of the country, an overall reduction in armed conflict is possible going forward. However, international experience shows that the absence of fighting is rarely a singular trigger for the return of displaced people. Numerous other factors-including improved security and socioeconomic conditions in origin states, access to property and assets, the availability of key services, and restitution in home areas-play important roles in shaping the scale and composition of the returns. Overall, refugees have their own calculus of return that considers all of these factors and assesses available options.The Mobility of Displaced Syrians: An Economic and Social Analysis sheds light on the 'mobility calculus' of Syrian refugees. While dismissing any policies that imply wrongful practices involving forced repatriation, the study analyzes factors that may be considered by refugees in their own decisions to relocate. It provides a conceptual framework, supported by data and analysis, to facilitate an impartial conversation about refugees and their mobility choices. It also explores the diversified policy toolkit that the international community has available-and the most effective ways in which the toolkit can be adapted-to maximize the well-being of refugees, host countries, and the people in Syria
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  • 80
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Other Poverty Study
    Kurzfassung: The Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Poverty Diagnostic (PD) in Niger is part of a global initiative to improve evidence on the linkages between WASH and poverty. The Diagnostic provides a detailed analysis of sector status, strengths, and weaknesses to inform the attainment of the new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that aim for universal access to safely managed water supply and sanitation
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  • 81
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Other Public Sector Study
    Kurzfassung: This report identifies key challenges facing the Ethiopian civil service today and suggests avenuesfor further reforms. Ethiopia's civil service has so far developed at a rapid pace and faces anumber of constraints, challenges, and new or expanding demands. Continuing reform efforts and building on past achievements is critical for the successful implementation of Ethiopia's Growth and Transformation Program (GTP II). While the past two decades have seen important achievements made, the government seeks to further strengthen its economic governance and service delivery.The analytic effort that this report reflects was triggered by a request from the Ministry ofPublic Service and Human Resource Development (MPSHRD). The Ministry sought to identify challenges and options to target and pursue further reforms and efforts to strengthen the civil service and its contributions to service delivery. The report is based on several sources: (i) the Ethiopian Civil Servants Survey (ECSS), which was undertaken in June through September 2016 and targeted professional level staff and directors or heads of federal ministries or agencies, regional bureaus, and woreda offices; (ii) a series of key informant interviews with officials and stakeholders, as well as focus group discussions with members of 'Public Wings'; and (iii) administrative data and information, e.g. concerning the number of civil servants, as wellas salaries and benefits. The focus is on five key service delivery sectors: agriculture, education, health, revenue collection, and trade-all critical areas for state activity. The analysis encompasses an assessment of previous and ongoing reforms, and takes a look at the constraints and overall quality of current management practices. Where possible, the report also compares the civil service in Ethiopia to that of other countries, based on information gathered from similar surveys and other comparative information
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  • 82
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Kurzfassung: South Africa's much anticipated economic rebound in 2018 did not occur. While substantial efforts by the authorities to strengthen governance of public resources and stabilize the fiscal situation helped the economy to not contract further, economic growth remained tepid with a technical recession (two successive quarters of negative economic growth) in the first half of 2018. GDP growth is expected at below 1 percent in 2018, down from an already low 1.3 percent in 2017. A number of exogenous factors contributed to this poor growth performance. Domestically, climate variations such as a prolonged drought in the Western Cape where harvests were delayed exerted a huge toll on agricultural production. Externally, mounting trade tensions between the United States and China, and tightening global financial conditions contributed to slowing the pace of foreign financial inflows to South Africa while lessening the demand for its exports. Rising world oil prices also exerted strong pressure on the balance of payments and domestic prices, depressing private consumption. These negative developments, however, do not conceal the fact that South Africa's growth challenge is deep-seated and largely structural. To grow faster and sustainably, the economy will need to be more inclusive, requiring the participation of a greater share of the population mainly through job creation. Furthermore, persistent inequality of income and of opportunity will continue to raise pressures for redistribution of limited resources that are drawn from a small tax base. Radical policy demands are more likely in a stagnant economy, fuel policy uncertainty and deter private investment. At the Presidential Jobs Summit and the South African Investment Conference held in October 2018 agreements were made on actions that are expected to enable job creation and to attract higher levels of investment, including interalia, education and skills interventions, and initiatives to reduce policy uncertainty on land reform, mining and black economic empowerment
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  • 83
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Water Papers
    Kurzfassung: Water, climate and finance know no borders. This brings challenges and opportunities: The majority of freshwater worldwide flows in transboundary basins and most climate change impacts are felt through the water cycle. Transboundary cooperation in climate change adaptation is crucial for preventing mal-adaptation and making adaptation in shared basins more effective. However, many basins struggle in accessing funds for climate change adaptation. River basin organizations can play a valuable role in this fund-raising process. Understanding the special risks and complexities of transboundary river basin projects is critical to preparing bankable project proposals that will attract public and private financing partners. This report highlights the challenges and opportunities countries face in accessing financial resources for climate adaptation in transboundary river basins. Outlining basic characteristics and criteria for the preparation of bankable project proposals, the report is a guide for those working on climate change adaptation in transboundary river basins
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  • 84
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Other papers
    Kurzfassung: Improving government capa ...
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  • 85
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Other papers
    Kurzfassung: The World Bank Group's Women, Business and the Law examines laws and regulations affecting women's prospects as entrepreneurs and employees across 187 economies. Its goal is to inform policy discussions on how to remove legal restrictions on women and promote research on how to improve women's economic inclusion. Women, Business and the Law 2019: A Decade of Reform introduces a new index measuring legal rights for women throughout their working lives in 187 economies. The index is composed of 35 data points grouped into eight indicators. The data covers a 10-year period not only to understand the current situation but to see how laws affecting women's equality of opportunity have evolved over time. The index assesses economic rights at milestones spanning the arc of a woman's working life: the ability to move freely; starting a job; getting paid; legal capacity within marriage; having children; running a business; managing assets; and getting a pension
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  • 86
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Debt and Creditworthiness Study
    Kurzfassung: The Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA) using the revised joint IMF/WB Debt Sustainability Framework for Low Income Countries (LIC-DSF) shows that Cambodia remains at low risk of external debt distress. All debt burden indicators are projected to remain under their indicative thresholds under the baseline and the shock scenarios. While the overall risk of debt distress is low, the analysis indicates that debt sustainability is vulnerable to export and growth shocks, and the materialization of contingent liabilities. Furthermore, the public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) debt-to-GDP ratio is projected to rise by more than 10 percentage points during the next decade due to projected large fiscal deficits in the medium term. These findings reinforce the importance of implementing reforms to increase the economy's resilience to external shocks and encourage export and economic diversification. Efforts to mobilize fiscal revenue, to strengthen the Public Investment Management framework (including for PPPs) and further enhance monitoring of PPP and financial sector risks, as well as introduction of a debtbased fiscal anchor, are necessary to ensure debt sustainability in the medium term
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  • 87
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Country Environmental Analysis
    Kurzfassung: Malawi currently faces an environmental cycle of decline and degradation. The challenges it faces are complex and interrelated, but there are two underlying drivers behind this decline. Population growth places huge demands on natural systems with more land being converted to agriculture and more forests being harvested for the wood fuel supply. Climate change magnifies these impacts by putting greater strain on land and forests due to increased incidents of natural disasters and extreme weather events. Proximate drivers of environmental degradation include weak land tenure security, unsustainable land management practices (driven in part by poorly designed and targeted agricultural subsidies), chronic shortages of public funding for environmental management, and weak institutions, particularly those at decentralized levels. The Malawi Country Environmental Analysis (CEA) compiles and reviews existing analyses on Malawi's environment and natural resources (ENR) and explores what this evidence means for poverty and economic development. The CEA also identifies 10 strategic recommendations to address the degradation of natural resources and the environment and to promote improved environmental management, investment, and expenditure practices
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  • 88
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy Notes
    Kurzfassung: With the Paris Agreement and most of its detailed rulebook now finalized, countries and subnational actors face the challenge of translating climate targets and strategies into action and determining how to finance these actions. Through the Pilot Auction Facility for Methane and Climate Change Mitigation (PAF), the World Bank developed an innovative financial mechanism - climate auctions - which stimulates private investment in projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Climate auctions offer price guarantees to companies that can deliver eligible climate results in the future. These price guarantees are allocated through a transparent, efficient auctioning process, which maximizes the climate impact of scarce public funds. In the near-term, countries can utilize climate auctions to spur significant investments in low-carbon activities and mobilize finance at the scale and pace necessary to achieve their national climate targets, laying the groundwork for longer-term carbon pricing and greater climate ambition. This policy brief is intended to inform policymakers and public funders about why climate auctions are an effective tool for achieving climate outcomes, focusing on how policymakers can utilize auctions to accelerate NDC implementation and raise climate ambition. It also outlines how climate auctions work and where they are most effective. The policy brief was produced by staff of the World Bank with external contributions from the Rocky Mountain Institute
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  • 89
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Other Agricultural Study
    Kurzfassung: Zambia's agricultural sector represents the backbone of its rural economy and holds great potential for the entire country. Zambia's agriculture sector faces challenges and is likely to grow more vulnerable as a result of climate change and risk. At the same time, land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF), and agriculture sector account for approximately 93 percent of the country's carbon footprint. The Government of the Republic of Zambia (GoZ) is integrating climate change concerns into its agriculture policy agenda. Under its Zambia climate-smart agriculture (CSA) strategy framework, the GoZ is promoting the rollout of CSA practices that will sustainably increase productivity, enhance resilience, and reduce or remove greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The CSA investment plan (CSAIP) aims to identify and fill knowledge gaps about CSA's local- and national-level benefits, specifically under climate change, inform policy development, and prioritize investment opportunities. The World Bank collaborated with the GoZ to develop a CSAIP intended to support the operationalization of the country's climate commitments toward development of a productive, resilient, and low-emission agriculture sector. The CSAIP development began with a participatory process that identified the agriculture sector's policy goals. This report takes the next step by assessing the impacts of a suite of CSA practices on achieving the sector goals and on household welfare. The report concludes with recommendations and proposals for future CSA investments
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  • 90
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Kurzfassung: Following an initial spike in early 2018, Armenia's economic performance slowed during the rest of the year, but still estimated to have above 5 percent growth for the year. Inflationary pressures remained low, while the external balances deteriorated. The overperformance of the fiscal accounts reflected strong revenue collection, sound control over current spending, and underperformance of capital expenditure. The outlook, however, is more conservative
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  • 91
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Other papers
    Kurzfassung: The objectives of a well-designed pension system are poverty reduction in old age and income smoothing throughout an individuals' lifetime. Over the last thirty years, changing demographic trends have caused a shift from 'pay as you go' and occupational defined benefit (DB) schemes - where the obligation for paying for retirement income is with the state and employers - to defined contribution (DC) schemes, where the obligation to save for retirement rests more with individuals. The transition to DC schemes did help establish a strong link between contributions during working life and benefits during retirement, for individuals. However, an increasing challenge has been balancing genuine needs for some pre-retirement liquidity, access to savings and providing adequate income post retirement for individuals. The need to get this balancing act right is being felt increasingly as coverage of national social security systems is expanded to include more of the non-salaried workforce which often has lower levels of income, more periods of unemployment and more irregular earnings. This note surveys recent literature and country experiences to understand if and how countries address the need for pre-retirement liquidity in both mandatory and voluntary DC schemes. The note also uses simple modelling to illustrate the impact of allowing access to pension savings on income adequacy after retirement. The report concludes with recommendations based on emerging best practice
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  • 92
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Other Social Protection Study
    Kurzfassung: The objective of this rep ...
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  • 93
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Other Environmental Study
    Kurzfassung: Despite significant effor ...
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  • 94
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Country Environmental Analysis
    Kurzfassung: This report presents the economic potential of renewable natural resources (forests, wildlife and fisheries), and identifies opportunities for enhancing the sectors' contribution to both the national and local economies in Angola (Section two). Given the strong focus of the ongoing CPF on economic diversification, the report focuses on these selected sectors whose sustainable use offers opportunities for diversifying the economy, creating jobs and improving local livelihoods. In light of the implementation of the World Bank's new Environmental and Social Framework (ESF), the report assesses the current national legislation and policy framework for assessing and mitigating potential environmental and social risks and impacts caused by investment projects and proposes opportunities which can support in strengthening the national capacity in order to facilitate project design and implementation following the World Bank's due diligence (Section three). The report then assesses the current policy and institutional framework for addressing climate change in Angola and proposes opportunities to support these (Section four). Finally, the report concludes by proposing opportunities for World Bank engagement in the sectors selected (forests, wildlife and fisheries), as well as in enhancing environmental management capacity and building resilience to climate change.A World Bank mission was organized to Angola in October 2018, and collected data relevant to the study and discussed with government officials, development partners, CSOs, and other relevant stakeholders the status, priorities, and potential opportunities for each of the sectors considered. This report uses data and information collected during the mission and shared by government institutions and other stakeholders, as well as data and literature that are publicly available
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  • 95
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Country Gender Assessment
    Kurzfassung: gaps that a country faces, across different domains, better informs policy design. To that effect, this report seeks to identify where progress has been achieved in increasing opportunities and outcomes for women and men in Mexico and where further policy action is required. It focuses on three areas that are critical for gender-equal access to opportunities: (a) endowments, such as health and education; (b) economic opportunities, such as access to labor, land, and financial markets; and (c) agency, including norms, representation, and freedom from violence. The report takes advantage of the existing literature as well as different sources of publicly available data for the country and aims to provide a panorama of the prevailing gender gaps and areas for work to close those gaps, covering a wide range of outcomes. As such, it seeks to serve as a guiding document for policy action and dialogue, further research, and public discussion
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  • 96
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Kurzfassung: The economies of the GCC recovered in 2018 despite signs of weakness in the global economic outlook, reinforcing the perception that GCC economies' fortunes are still inextricably tied to oil. Global growth slowed in 2018, as trade tensions be-tween the U.S. and China escalated, and goods trade slowed markedly. However, the steady increase in oil prices until October 2018 lifted growth in the GCC economies, from an average of -0.2 percent in 2017 to 2.0 percent in 2018. Two of the region's largest economies Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, as well as Oman, emerged from recession in 2018. Growth outturns were driven by higher oil production in the second half of 2018, higher capital investment made possible due to the rise in oil revenues, and higher domestic demand. Fiscal and external balances improved, also tracking oil sector performance. GCC countries' fiscal balances improved in 2018, aided by the average increase in oil prices and progress with non-oil revenue mobilization in some countries. This allowed most countries to reduce fiscal deficits while actually increasing spending in some cases. Saudi Arabia, for example was able to halve its overall fiscal deficit in 2018 while simultaneously increasing total spending by 10.8 percent. Other countries also demonstrated procyclicality in fiscal policy, as spending increased across the GCC. Saudi Arabia and the UAE implemented a 5 percent VAT in early 2018, and Bahrain followed in early 2019. Oman introduced excise taxes on tobacco products, energy drinks and soft drinks in mid-2018 and increased corporate income tax
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  • 97
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Kurzfassung: This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) outlines how the World Bank Group (WBG) will accompany Argentina's path to reduce macroeconomic instability while setting the stage for poverty reduction through private sector led growth. The objectives selected for the CPF are closely linked to the priorities identified in the recent Argentina Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD), which analyses key constraints to inclusive and sustainable growth and poverty reduction and suggests ways to address them. They also reflect the fact that Argentina's Gross National Income (GNI) per capita is above the Graduation Discussion Income, and that WBG's new financing will be focused to support the country's sustainable graduation path from IBRD. At the same time, the Government has expressed a preference to retain, in principle, access to the entire range of WBG instruments. This CPF covers the four-year period FY19-FY22. As Argentina's presidential and legislative elections are to be held in October 2019, the Progress and Learning Review (PLR) will provide an opportunity to assess progress of reforms, revisit priorities, and reflect changes to the CPF program as needed
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  • 98
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Other papers
    Kurzfassung: Digital technologies have significant potential to improve efficiency, equity, and environmental sustainability in the food system. A range of digital technologies are already leading to: better informed and engaged consumers and producers, smarter farms, and improved public services. Adoption of digital technologies varies significantly across countries, with lower current adoption rates in low-income countries. Increasing adoption will require addressing supply-side factors, such as rural network coverage and availability of digital applications, and demand-side factors, including skills and knowledge, trust, affordability, and complementary investments. While digital technologies have significant potential they also pose several risks that need to be addressed including: an overconcentration of service provider market power; lack of data privacy; exclusion; and cybersecurity breaches. These risks cut across all segments of the economy, including the food system. In addition, digital technologies should not be viewed as a panacea. Other investments are needed to address the multiple constraints farmers face and to realize the potential benefits of digital technologies
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Other Poverty Study
    Kurzfassung: Afghanistan has been in protracted conflict for almost four decades, with direct implications on progress towards development objectives. This context of recurring episodes of violence and insecurity, economic and political instability, and the consequent displacement of populations within and outside the nation's borders has important implications on the landscape of data and evidence available for the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of interventions and programs, and their timeliness and relevance. Afghans represent the world's largest and most protracted refugee population, with an estimated 3.5 million people currently living abroad as refugees for more than four decades. Given the large disparities in poverty incidence and high levels of inequality within Afghanistan, the knowledge of living standards at more disaggregated geographical levels of districts and nahias could help inform policy design and improve decision making at a sub-province level. Therefore, poverty mapping, which aims at estimating poverty incidence at levels lower than the household survey, was applied in Kabul and Herat provinces. This technical report describes the methodology and data used to produce the Kabul and Herat poverty maps and presents the resulting collection of poverty maps, the first of its kind for Afghanistan. The structure of the report is as follows. Section 2 outlines the poverty mapping methodology, specifically the small area estimation approach, applied in Afghanistan. Section 3 discusses the data sources and the various technical challenges faced with the datasets. Section 4 discusses the modeling phase, including model selection, model parameters, and assumptions. Section 5 presents the poverty maps at a district and nahia level, and section 6 concludes. The Annexes contains supporting data and analysis
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Kurzfassung: Real GDP growth in Russia surpassed expectations in 2018, reaching 2.3 percent, mostly due to one off effects of energy construction. Forecasted growth of 1.2 percent in 2019 and 1.8 percent in 2020 and 2021 reflects a more modest outlook. Russia's macro-fiscal buffers remain strong, with fiscal surpluses across all tiers of government and low public-debt levels. When compared to advanced economies, Russia spends less on health and education. Rebalancing in favor of these categories could improve the overall efficiency of public spending. Short-term inflationary risks have abated, with the Bank of Russia signaling a return to a neutral policy rate. Lending activity is recovering, but the banking sector remains afflicted with high concentration and state dominance. Having eased slightly, the poverty rate remains in double digits with many households close to the poverty line and lacking formal employment. Informal employment is rising in the face of close-to-zero net job creation by medium-sized and large formal enterprises. Key risks to medium-term growth include the expansion of economic sanctions, renewed financial turmoil in EMDEs, a dramatic drop in oil prices, and souring of the global trade environment. The recent double-digit expansion in household credit may also pose a risk to financial stability in the case of a deterioration in the macroeconomic environment
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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