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  • 2015-2019  (52)
  • 1965-1969
  • 2015  (52)
  • World Bank  (52)
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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    The Egyptian fertility survey, 1980 (1983-)
    Cairo : The Agency
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: ill , 30 cm
    DDC: 304.6/32/0962
    Keywords: Fertility ; Egypt ; Egypt ; Population ; Birth control ; Egypt
    Note: World Fertility Survey, International Statistical Institute , This project was conducted as part of the World Fertility Survey and with the collaboration of the World Bank"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Book
    GBV
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Big Data Solutions : Innovative Approaches to Overcoming Agricultural Challenges in Developing Nations by Harnessing the Power of Analytics (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The food system is fundamental for human life. It provides energy, nutrition, an income source for billions of people, and is the largest user of the world's natural resources. In response, improvements in agriculture operations have to be made at both the policy and individual farmer level in order to realize gains in efficiency and productivity. The recent worldwide diffusion of new technologies, combined with big data and analytics, is providing the opportunity for developing countries to leap frog some of the intermediate development phases providing farmer's in the developing world with greater access to timely, cost effective, and personally relevant information on best practices, markets, prices, inputs, weather, and news of impending disaster. In particular, the penetration of mobile phones, and the innovative applications of geospatial and sensing technologies are providing opportunities to use big data in support of agriculture initiatives, including the ones funded by the World Bank. This solution brief defines what big data is in the context of the developing world, presents a series of case studies on how big data has already been used to date, and identifies some lessons learned and potential opportunities for the use of big data in supporting the achievement of agricultural outcomes in the developing world
    DOI: 10.1596/26436
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Resource Mobilization for HCFC Phase-out and Climate Mitigation Co-benefits : A Study Prepared for the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This study seeks to identify potential sources of co-financing to meet the additional costs of energy efficiency (EE) and climate mitigation benefits associated with the hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) phase-out supported by the Multilateral fund of the montreal protocol (MLF). As it stands, the policy of the multilateral fund is to support only the eligible incremental costs related to the phase-out of ozone depleting substances, and not to support the additional costs of additional EE related improvements of the equipment. Currently therefore, while the multilateral fund encourages exploring co-financing opportunities for improving energy efficiency, the fund does not directly support the uptake of the most energy efficient technology. HCFC phase-out management plans (HPMPs) approved by the MLF seek to facilitate the conversion of refrigeration - air conditioning (Ref-AC) manufacturing and foam manufacturing away from the use of HCFCs to non - ozone depleting substance (ODS) alternatives. This study explores pathways that may encourage the uptake of ozone- and climate friendly technologies through synergies between the MP, policies to promote EE, and climate finance instruments; thereby leading also to cost-effectiveness of public financing and economic efficiency where synergies exist and can be exploited. The study underscores, based on practical examples, that opportunities can be strategically engineered to encourage harmonization between the phase-out of the HCFCs and HCFC-using technologies with efforts to promote energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG)
    DOI: 10.1596/21978
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bangladesh Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes : Accounting and Auditing (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Accounting and Auditing Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes - Accounting and Auditing (ROSC A&A) program is part of a 12-module joint World Bank-IMF initiative to assist member countries to strengthen their financial systems by improving their capacity to comply with internationally recognized standards and codes. The ROSC A&A program focuses on the institutional framework underpinning national accounting and auditing practices, and degree of conformity with international standards and good practices. This 2014 update to the Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes - Accounting and Auditing (ROSC A&A) assesses the degree to which the policy recommendations of the 2003 ROSC A&A review have been implemented, identifies issues that have emerged since the last review, and proposes a number of policy recommendations aimed at further improving the quality of corporate financial reporting and auditing which contributes to improving country's business climate, investors' confidence and economic growth potential of Bangladesh. The policy recommendations should form the basis for a prioritized, stakeholder-driven Country Action Plan (CAP), aimed to assist in further enhancing financial reporting processes in accordance with international standards and good practices, taking into account Bangladesh's country specific circumstances
    DOI: 10.1596/25727
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Use of Video in Teacher Professional Development : Design, Implementation and Impact Evaluation of an Innovative In-service Course for Mathematics Teachers in Indonesia (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The Ministry of Education and Culture (MOEC) and the World Bank jointly conducted a large-scale video study to gain a better understanding of what takes place in the classroom, particularly in terms of the practices involved in the teaching of mathematics and the relationship of these practices with student learning outcomes. The study involved the production of more than 600 hours of video footage of 205 eighth grade mathematics teachers across Indonesia while these teachers were engaged in their day-to-day classroom activities. The study was conducted in two phases, in 2007 and 2011 respectively, with the produced video footage forming the basis for detailed coding and analysis. This study provided many important insights into the teaching practices of mathematics teachers, identifying both relative strengths and areas for improvement. The study focused on five key dimensions that frame classroom practices in the teaching of mathematics, these being: (i) the structure of lessons; (ii) the content of lessons; (iii) the actions of participants; (iv) instructional practices; and (v) classroom climate and resources. Key areas of teaching practice were explored in depth, including the nature and quality of teacher-student interaction; the quality and effectiveness of the language used in instruction; teachers' management of students' questions; teachers' management of student misconceptions; the time teachers spent on different tasks; and the manner in which they combined different techniques and approaches in the instruction of their students. Mathematical problems were explored in terms of the problem type, problem approach and level of complexity. The study also assessed teachers' beliefs and the level of teachers' knowledge to determine the relationship of these factors with the teaching practices they used and with student learning outcomes
    DOI: 10.1596/24782
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Losing the Gains of the Past : The Welfare and Distributional Impacts of the Twin Crises of 2014 in Iraq (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Abstract: Iraq was plunged into two simultaneous crises in the second half of 2014, one driven by a sharp decline in oil prices, the other, by Islamic State militants. Since June 2014, crude oil prices per barrel have fallen from around 112 USD to 97 USD in September and 62 USD by December. Given Iraq's heavy dependence on oil as a share of GDP and exports, and a source of government revenues, this decline in prices alone would have hit Iraq's fragile economy hard. In addition, since June 2014, Islamic State (IS) or Da'ash militants extended their influence from Syria into Iraq's northern and western provinces of Anbar, Nineveh, Salahadin, and to a lesser extent, Kirkuk and Diyala. A total of 354,000 families were internally displaced between June and December of 2014 which represents about 2.1 million individuals; and those left behind have been cut off from the rest of the country. The internally displaced persons (IDPs) have sought refuge across Iraq and about half of those who have crossed governorates boundaries were settled in Iraqi Kurdistan
    DOI: 10.1596/24991
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Making the Most of Ports in West Africa (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Abstract: Ports have always played an essential role in this highly trade-dependent region. While there are still wide disparities in terms of throughput volumes and capacity, traffic has been growing rapidly in most countries over the last decade. Overall, total throughput in West Africa grew from around 105 million tons in 2006 to 165 million tons in 2012. Likewise, containerized traffic remains limited in West Africa compared to other regions but has grown faster than in any other region in the world over the last five years. The combined throughput of container terminals in the region reached almost 5 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) in 2013, twice as much as a decade ago, and is expected to keep growing fast. The future throughput of West African ports comprises the demand for containerized trade generated by coastal and landlocked countries, and additional port movements generated by transshipment in regional hub(s). Given the regional dynamics of ports in West Africa, there is also a good case for more cooperation between West African countries on port reform, competition and regulation. Strengthening the capacity and mandate of regional institutions such as the ECOWAS Commission on these issues would complement regulatory efforts at the country level and provide a forum to analyze regional issues related to inter-port competition and private sector participation in port management
    DOI: 10.1596/24982
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mozambique Energy Sector Policy Note (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Abstract: This Energy Sector Policy Note is intended to support the Government of Mozambique in determining priorities for policy decisions with the aim of delivering efficiently produced, technically and financially sustainable electricity supply to the Mozambican population. To support the development of recommendations, this Note includes simulation analysis based on the current finances of the sector. Electricidade de Macambique's (EDM) corporate financial model was adapted for this work. Targets for electrification are based on discussions with government officials. EDM's current generation pipeline and its timing was taken as a given in order to simulate investment needs and evolution of sector finances under various tariff and funding availability assumptions. The various simulations and the broader sector quantitative and qualitative discussion should support policy formulation and prioritization going forward. The power sector in Mozambique faces three key challenges: i) to provide reliable and efficient electricity supply to its customers; ii) to cope with the increase in the electricity demand from its current (and future) customer base by expanding its generation and transmission capacity; and, iii) to provide access to electricity to the vast majority of the population. The importance of the timing of new generation to export power to South Africa also points to the importance of the backbone transmission project to evacuate the power from the center of the country - thereby enabling exports. Increasing access in line with Government targets will require major investments. The Government needs to consider the trade-offs between the ambition of the access targets imposed upon EDM and the sector's broader financial viability for carrying out operations, maintenance and investment. Relaxation of the access target so that the 50 percent target is achieved by 2030 instead of 2023 gives EDM more liquidity in the first years
    DOI: 10.1596/24441
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indonesia Economic Quarterly, December 2015 : Reforming Amid Uncertainty (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 Seiten)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: 2015 ; Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Indonesien
    Abstract: The Indonesia Economic Quarterly (IEQ) has two main aims. First, it reports on the key developments over the past three months in Indonesia's economy, and places these in a longerterm and global context. Based on these developments, and on policy changes over the period, the IEQ regularly updates the outlook for Indonesia's economy and social welfare. Second, the IEQ provides a more in-depth examination of selected economic and policy issues, and analysis of Indonesia's medium-term development challenges. It is intended for a wide audience, including policymakers, business leaders, financial market participants, and the community of analysts and professionals engaged in Indonesia's evolving economy. This paper discusses about the economic conditions of Indonesia for the year 2015. Emerging market assets rebounded in October 2015 after the sharp losses recorded in August and September, when the uncertainty about the Chinese economic slowdown and the U.S. interest rate outlook was particularly high. Despite a more favorable market sentiment, capital flows to emerging economies have remained weak and borrowing costs relatively high. In addition to tight financing conditions, Indonesia faced subdued external demand for its exports in the near term and persistently low commodity prices over the medium run. In 2015, fire in Indonesia cost nearly twice that of reconstruction following the 2004 tsunami in Aceh. Agriculture and forestry have sustained losses and damages in trillions. Sustained exposure to haze could also lead to the volcano effect, id est, a decrease in plant productivity in the short term due to limited sun exposure and a deleterious effect on plant physiology and photosynthesis. The recurring nature of Indonesia's fire crisis is of particular concern. Another potential step in Indonesia's new reform process was the country's signaling its intention to join the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement in the near future. Whether membership materializes or not, the agreement is likely to have a limited impact on trade, because import tariffs in member countries are already low and Indonesia has trade agreements with most of them
    DOI: 10.1596/24437
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    India Land Governance Assessment : National Synthesis Report (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Rural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) is a diagnostic tool to assess the status of land governance at country level using a participatory process that draws systematically on existing evidence and local expertise rather than on outsiders. The analysis covers nine themes: land tenure recognition; rights to forest and common lands and rural land use regulations; urban land use, planning, and development; public land management; process for transfer of public land to private use; public provision of land information (land administration and information systems); land valuation and taxation; dispute resolution and review of institutional arrangements and policies. The assessment follows a scorecard approach and produces a matrix of policy priorities matrix. The LGAF process helps to establish a consensus on (i) gaps in existing evidence; (ii) areas for regulatory or institutional change, piloting of new approaches, and interventions to improve land governance on a broader scale (e.g. by strengthening land rights and improving their enforcement); and (iii) criteria to assess the effectiveness of these measures. This report presents the result for India
    DOI: 10.1596/28513
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Land Governance Assessment Framework : Afghanistan (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Rural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) is a diagnostic tool to assess the status of land governance at country level using a participatory process that draws systematically on existing evidence and local expertise rather than on outsiders. The analysis covers nine themes: land tenure recognition; rights to forest and common lands and rural land use regulations; urban land use, planning, and development; public land management; process for transfer of public land to private use; public provision of land information (land administration and information systems); land valuation and taxation; dispute resolution and review of institutional arrangements and policies. The assessment follows a scorecard approach and produces a matrix of policy priorities matrix. The LGAF process helps to establish a consensus on (i) gaps in existing evidence; (ii) areas for regulatory or institutional change, piloting of new approaches, and interventions to improve land governance on a broader scale (e.g. by strengthening land rights and improving their enforcement); and (iii) criteria to assess the effectiveness of these measures. This report presents the result for Afghanistan
    DOI: 10.1596/28508
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How to Reduce Out-of-Pocket Payments in the Health Sector in Moldova? (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Out-of-pocket payments (OOPs) are direct (at the point of service) financial contributions or co-payments by patients and their families associated with consumption of medical products (such as medicines) and/or services. They can be formal as well as informal payments. Together with taxation, social and private health insurance contributions, they constitute the main sources of financing for medical products and services in all countries of the world. This policy note looks at prevalence and trends of OOPs in Moldova during 2007-2013, evaluates their impact on the population's economic well-being (section two), identifies key drivers of the current OOPs (section three), and, based on the analysis, suggests several policy options for government's consideration (section four)
    DOI: 10.1596/28415
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identity Management Systems Analysis : Botswana Country Report (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report analyses the identity management system (IMS) of the Republic of Botswana with respect to: (1) accessibility, (2) robustness, (3) integration and regulated access to data, and (4) legal frameworks and data protection, and documents the extent to which the legal and institutional framework and the human and physical infrastructures have facilitated the establishment, operationalization, and management of identity management as a comprehensive system. Botswana has a single foundational IMS is a primary tool for public administration and governance as well as facilitation of service delivery to the public. It creates one identity per person pursuant to the current legal framework which is used several times by the person at various institutions to facilitate the individual's access to services including social safety net programs, claiming of rights, and entitlements. The national identity card is used as a breeder document for obtaining other documents such as passports, driver's licenses, and voter registration cards. The national identity number used at age 16 is the same unique identification number (UID) issued upon registration of birth. This strategy ensures an identity life cycle from identity establishment to end of identity. The national identity management system is linked with other systems, such as the electoral system, the social benefit registration system (SOBERS), government payroll, and the transport system. Similarly, through this link, the national IMS is updated in real time when a death occurs. It is envisaged that the identity management (ID-M) system will in the future be linked to the immigration and citizenship system under the department of immigration and citizenship to progress it to a fully-fledged population register or people hub
    DOI: 10.1596/28078
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Myanmar Early Grade Reading Assessment for the Yangon Region : 2014 Results Report (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report presents the work to adapt the EGRA to the Myanmar language and to administer it (and its questionnaires) in the Yangon region. The results of this exercise were analyzed to assess how valid and reliable this adapted tool is for the Myanmar language. Other aims of the analysis were to define core learning standards in early primary grades, and identify potential explanatory factors for differences in EGRA scores among schools. The specific information from EGRA can help guide the Ministry of Education in prioritizing future interventions that best help students improve their reading skills in early grades, as well as support the development of measurable, comparable benchmarks for students' progress. The report is organized into six sections, including the introduction. Section two briefly reviews the reforms and goals of the education sector in Myanmar and the major challenges that helped define the research questions for the EGRA. Section three describes the most relevant education theories about learning to read in the early grades and the way these are reflected in the design of the EGRA. Section four outlines the design and implementation of the study and tools, and how they took into account the information needs of education stakeholders and the specificities of the language and education sector in Myanmar. Section five presents the methodology and results of the study for non-experts, with the methodology and statistical analyses detailed in annex five. Section six concludes with a summary of recommendations
    DOI: 10.1596/26957
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Report on the Simulation of Low Carbon Green Growth Policies, including the Results of Impact Assessment and Final Policy Recommendations (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This assessment presents a synthesis of analysis to contribute to the definition of a lower carbon and greener growth path for Romania to 2050. The objective of Romania's green growth path is to implement mitigation actions and undertake needed adaptation while preserving growth and employment. Romania has maintained a steady growth in output while containing the growth of its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. From now to 2050, real incomes in Romania are expected to continue to grow, and its carbon emissions are expected to continue declining. Romania can meet the targets of the green scenario with only modest costs to growth and employment, European Union (EU) emissions trading for energy-intensive sectors sets a uniform price for GHG allowances, which generates an efficient allocation across countries of mitigation actions in those sectors. The difficulty of meeting the tighter targets for mitigation set out in the green and super green scenarios will be eased significantly by improvements in energy efficiency. Proactive measures to promote smart urban development in Bucharest and other urban areas, including more compact city design, transport-oriented development that changes modal-split, upgrades to a more efficient vehicle stock, and policies promoting building efficiency upgrades, can deliver sizable reductions in annual energy spending and emission levels
    DOI: 10.1596/24783
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sulawesi Development Diagnostic : Achieving Shared Prosperity (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: General Economy, Macroeconomics, and Growth Study
    Abstract: The sulawesi development ...
    DOI: 10.1596/24990
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 17
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    Online Resource
    Monitoring Welfare and Perceptions in South Sudan 2012-2014 : Findings from the High Frequency South Sudan Survey (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: Since early 2012, the World Bank's High Frequency South Sudan Survey has collected a panel data set to monitor the welfare and perceptions of citizens in a selected number of state capitals in South Sudan. This note presents the findings of all six rounds of the survey on the topics of (1) Security, (2) Economic Conditions, (3) Assets and Consumption, and (4) Access to Services. The results are based on 143 households in Juba, Wau and Rumbek revisited six times. The analysis is restricted to households present in all rounds and, thus, is not statistically representative but only provides a descriptive narrative of the livelihood of the selected urban households in Juba, Rumbek and Wau. These cities are not among the cities most affected by the conflict
    DOI: 10.1596/22512
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  • 18
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    Online Resource
    Analysis of Big Data for Better Targeting of ART Adherence Strategies : Spatial Clustering Analysis of Viral Load Suppression by South African Province, District, Sub-District and Facility (April 2014-March 2015) (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report presents the findings of a large spatial analysis of almost 3 million viral load tests from over 2 million HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. It is part of the second phase of a series of analytical and evaluation studies contributing to the design of an impact and process evaluation of South Africa's National Adherence Guidelines for Chronic Diseases. The analysis was conducted by the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) and Boston University/Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office (HE2RO), in collaboration with the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), the National Department of Health of South Africa, and the World Bank. A number of other institutions contributed in the multi-step process of creating a patient-linked cohort through a novel record linkage algorithm and a masterlist of public sector health facilities, which are both underpinning this analysis and described in the report. The analysis demonstrates the diversity in the proportion of HIV patients getting a viral load test annually and patients virally suppressed. The variation shows by geographic location and facility, as well as by age, gender and demography. It sheds light on high viral load levels in young HIV patients on treatment. Also, one in six male and one in nine female ART patients were identified as having a high risk of HIV transmission due to viral load levels above 10,000 copies/mL
    DOI: 10.1596/25399
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 19
    Online Resource
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    Qualitative Assessment of Economic Mobility and Labor Markets in Turkey : A Gender Perspective (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Turkey has recently experienced significant population growth, gross domestic product (GDP) growth, and modernization. The economic structure in Turkey has been changing rapidly due to privatization and global growth. This report examines men and women's perception of factors that are perceived to shape their economic mobility, access to labor markets, and entrepreneurship opportunities across multiple community contexts in Turkey. Relevant literature and data was first reviewed to inform the hypotheses and survey analysis. Based on the review of the relevant literature, it is expected that in terms of the middle class overall, men and women will report a lack of education and appropriate skills as barriers to both employment and entrepreneurship opportunities. Economic mobility, supported by a thriving and open labor market, targeted policies, and an enabling environment for entrepreneurs, is a key requisite for improving living standards, wellbeing, and the reduction of unemployment and poverty. The first section gives introduction. The second section discusses research approach and defines hypotheses, which are later addressed using the qualitative survey information. The third section presents the results and findings derived from the analyzed information and data. The fourth section summarizes the main conclusions and provides recommendations for policy makers. Finally, the annex covers an overview of the country context with special emphasis on the labor market in Turkey, women's roles in society and economy, and labor policy reforms in Turkey
    DOI: 10.1596/25414
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 20
    Online Resource
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    The Regional Balkans Infrastructure Study Update : Enhancing Regional Connectivity, Identifying Impediments and Priority Remedies (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Recent Economic Development in Infrastructure
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In an effort to further develop the South East Europe transport observatory (SEETO) comprehensive network, integrate it in the European Union's (EU) Trans-European transport (TEN-T) network and strengthen the underlying transport planning systems, a grant was awarded by the Western Balkans infrastructure framework (WBIF) for the update of the regional Balkans infrastructure study (REBIS). The motivation for the update was the fact that since the completion of REBIS in 2003, there had been no review or update of the study's projections and recommendations that will in turn enable an informed assessment and updating of the regional priorities for investment in the SEETO comprehensive network. The main objective of the REBIS update was to develop a priority action plan for enhancing the efficiency of the SEETO comprehensive network. The action plan identifies priority physical investments as well as non-physical improvements including regulatory, institutional, and managerial changes required to reduce impediments to the efficient performance of the network. The focus of the final report is the assessment of the 2030 traffic projections under low and moderate and moderate and high economic growth scenarios against the capacity of the network under the do-nothing scenario and the full SEETO scenario and on the development of the priority action plan. The report is organized as follows: section one gives introduction .Section two presents a brief assessment of the 2003 REBIS traffic projections against reported counts. Section three presents key non-physical impediments to transport and trade facilitation, as well as the costs and benefits associated with their alleviation. Section four presents the 2030 traffic projections for both the low and moderate and moderate and high economic growth scenarios. Section five presents the results of the capacity assessment of the existing and planned networks to handle the projected traffic. Section six presents the methodology used in the preliminary economic efficiency analysis for assessing the physical interventions and the results, while section seven presents the priority action plan. Section eight provides concluding comments
    DOI: 10.1596/28413
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  • 21
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    State Systems for Skill Development in India : A Study of Bihar, Gujarat, Rajastha, and Maharashtra (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: South Asia Human Development Sector Discussion Papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: At a time when the World's leading economies are rapidly greying, India is set to have the largestand youngest workforce the world has ever seen. Indeed, by 2020, when the global shortage ofmanpower soars to 57 million, India is expected to be the world's leading provider of human resources, with a surplus of 46 million working-age people. However, this window of opportunity will not just be rare, it will also be short-lived, since it is predicted to only last until 2040.It is in this context that Prime Minister Modi has made it a national priority to make India the skill capital of the world.The report endeavors to identify the institutional and systemic structures that will be needed to improve the effectiveness of skills training across India's states. It also seeks to pinpoint innovative best practices and outline ways to scale them up throughout the country.The report covers skill development institutional structures at the state level (in most cases, the State Skill Development Missions), economic zones and future high-growth industries in those zones,corporate engagement in skill development, and finally, innovation in skilling models by states and the corporate sector. In addition, the report also describes some best practices observed globally, especially from Australia, Germany, Japan and South Korea. These models cover three areas of resource optimization pertaining to increasing apprenticeships and industry participation, leveraging technology, and providing training at the grassroots. The key lesson learned is that skilling is a highly localized issue, and models need to be adapted to target groups rather than be force-fitted using a one-size-fits-all kind of approach. Finally, it must be pointed out that high-level recommendations have been provided to enhance the skill development landscape, particularly at the state level, from an institutional and systemic point of view
    DOI: 10.1596/24439
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  • 22
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    Integration of Civil Registration and Vital Statistics and Identity Management Systems : Botswana Success Story (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The initiative of a case study on Botswana's successful integration of civil and identification registers comes against a backdrop of major continental and global efforts to accelerate improvement in the area of civil registration. The national identification system (NIS) is linked with other government systems such as the elections system, the social benefits registration system (SOBERS), the government payroll, the transport system, and others to facilitate service delivery because a person's identity serves as a gateway for accessing services. In addition, through this link the NIS is updated in real-time when a death occurs and the status of the registered citizen is automatically changed from live to deceased, and this update is imported to all other interfaced government systems in real-time. Civil registration is a credible source from which vital statistics in Botswana can be generated and was used previously to generate population reports. The creation of one department to provide civil and national registration headed by a single Registrar for both civil and national registration brought about benefits of synchronization of processes and immediate decision-making. Furthermore, having an institutional framework in place facilitates the smooth implementation of civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) and identity management (ID-M) through a network of offices strategically placed across the country to ensure that services are brought closer to the people
    DOI: 10.1596/28079
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  • 23
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    Republic of Congo Public Expenditure Management and Financial Accountability Review : Implementing Public Financial Management Reforms to Stimulate Growth and Achieve Shared Prosperity (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Republic of Congo (Congo) boasts numerous assets that can be harnessed to build a strong and robust economy. These assets are oil, ore such as iron and potash, arable lands, and a young population. Congo is the fourth largest oil producer among West and Central African countries, both in total production (260,000 barrels per day) and production per capita terms. In addition, the country is endowed with substantial iron and potash that are yet to be exploited; it has a vast arable lands that could be useful for agricultural development; and the country boasts a young population, which, if well-educated, could be a dynamic labor force helping to spur economic growth
    DOI: 10.1596/27137
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  • 24
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    Background Report on Access, Equity, Excellence, and Finance in Higher Education in Bihar (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This background report was written at a time when the Government of Bihar (GoB) was launching a number of reforms in higher education. A private universities bill passed the Bihar state assembly in April 2013 paving the way for opening of private universities in the state. A strong effort to encourage universities and colleges to obtain National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) accreditation has been initiated. The objective of this background report is to provide policy-makers and stakeholders in higher education in Bihar with an overview of the opportunities and challenges that the state is facing in terms of reaching the ambitious goals in mission manav vikas. The report analyzes the data and information which is readily available on the access, equity, excellence, and finance. It can also be used as a baseline for the state higher education plan in Bihar drafted as part of the Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) process. The report is reflecting what has been possible to do in a short period of time with the available data and information
    DOI: 10.1596/26440
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  • 25
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    Geography of Poverty in Mali (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This study discusses the impact of economic geography and (low) population density on development outcomes in Mali and explores how policies to reduce poverty can be made more effective by taking these two factors into account. The crisis in north Mali which started in 2012 and continues to date has brought questions of economic geography to the center of attention. To help answer such questions, and to analyze how to reduce poverty in Mali as a whole, this study uses different sources of information to analyze the diversity of livelihood patterns, in access to services and in living standards. The study uses quantitative information from household surveys, population and firm censuses, administrative and geographic data, and qualitative information about livelihoods. This study argues that the authorities will need to employ all three policy instruments, while emphasizing that if the objective is poverty reduction, most attention should be focused on spatially blind approaches. The study is organized as follows: chapter one gives introduction. Chapter two emphasizes differences in population density which allows distinguishing between types of agglomeration from villages, to rural town, to large cities. Chapter three categorizes the country into various livelihood zones and considers how the agro-physical environment affects the way people live. In chapter four authors turn to household welfare. Chapter five considers access to services. Chapter six is forward looking
    DOI: 10.1596/26077
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  • 26
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    Principles for Effective Insolvency and Creditor/Debtor Regimes, Revised 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Insolvency Assessment
    Abstract: Effective creditor/debtor rights and insolvency systems are an important element of financial system stability. The World Bank Group accordingly has been working with partner organizations to develop principles for insolvency and creditor/debtor rights systems. The Principles for Effective Insolvency and Creditor/Debtor Rights Systems (the Principles) are a distillation of international best practice on design aspects of these systems, emphasizing contextual, integrated solutions and the policy choices involved in developing those solutions.Based on the experience gained from the use of the Principles, and following extensive consultations, the publication has been thoroughly reviewed and updated in 2005, 2011 and 2015. The revised Principles contained in this document have benefited from wide consultation and, more importantly, from the practical experience of using them in the context of the Bank's assessment and operational work
    DOI: 10.1596/23356
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  • 27
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    Uganda Country Economic Memorandum : Economic Diversification and Growth in the Era of Oil and Volatility (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Economic Memorandum
    Abstract: The objective of the Ugandan government is to make Uganda an upper - middle income country within thirty years. Economic diversification is a key component of that strategy. The country economic memorandum (CEM) report discusses how the emergence of oil and mineral production can contribute to Uganda's effort to promote economic diversification as a means to achieve sustainable and shared growth. Based on the lessons from international experience, the report outlines the elements of a development and diversification strategy, which the Ugandan government may wish to consider in the design of its macroeconomic, fiscal, and sectoral development policies. It then focuses on the set of policies required to maximize the benefits of a diversification strategy in an oil-producing country. Finally it describes a series of actions which the government should plan, and carry out to deal with a number of specific implementation issues. The first part of the report focuses on the importance of economic diversification for Uganda and on the prospects and challenges of oil and mineral development. It addresses the following three issues: (a) why diversification is important for economic development?; (b) where Uganda stands in that area and why it should give a new impetus to its diversification strategy?; and (c) what are the prospects, possible impact, and challenges associated to oil and mining development for Uganda's economy?
    DOI: 10.1596/24789
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  • 28
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    Support to Rural Sanitation Scale Up Under the Philippine National Sustainable Sanitation Plan (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Abstract: This report summarizes the results and lessons learned from the Technical Assistance (TA) Support to Rural Sanitation Scale Up under the Philippine National Sustainable Sanitation Plan. The TA was carried out by the World Bank's Water and Sanitation Program from July 2012 to March 2016, and is part of a larger programmatic assistance by the Bank to the Government of the Philippines in framing relevant institutional and financial reforms by key sector agencies and in strengthening the government's capacity to accelerate delivery of basic water and sanitation services particularly to the poor. This synthesis report provides recommendations to consolidate and accelerate the scaling up rural sanitation initiative focusing on priorities for World Bank engagement and alignment with the incoming government's overall strategic direction
    DOI: 10.1596/24791
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  • 29
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    Transitioning from Status to Needs Based Assistance for Georgia IDPs : A Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Abstract: This report presents to the Government of Georgia (GoG) an analysis of the implications of potential policy changes to internally displaced person (IDP) assistance. A pressing question for policy makers in Georgia is the sustainability of status-based IDP assistance and what efforts can be made to tailor this assistance to favor the poor and vulnerable. Elimination of the IDP benefit has been subject to debate among policymakers. The World Bank has worked with the government to support improvements to the socioeconomic situation of IDPs in Georgia since 2008. The IDP Community Development Project, implemented between 2009-2012 improved service delivery, infrastructure, and livelihoods in over 40 IDP communities. Evidence on the socio-economic needs of IDPs has been collected by both government and donors; yet no comprehensive research has been conducted to critically compare their situation to that of the overall population. The objective of this research is to generate more evidence on the significance of the IDP benefit, and consequences that may be expected if this benefit is removed, in order to inform future policy decisions of the GoG in this regard. The report examines: (i) the policy and institutional framework and considerations that may support or obstruct a shift in IDP assistance; (ii) quantitative evidence on the socio-economic situation of IDPs as compared to non-IDPs in Georgia; and (iii) qualitative evidence on the significance of the IDP benefit, attitudes towards the benefit program, and vulnerabilities that may arise from its potential elimination. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for mitigating negative poverty and social impacts, should the government pursue a decision to remove the IDP benefit program
    DOI: 10.1596/24412
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  • 30
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    Improving the Effectiveness of TalentCorp's Initiatives : Assessment of Returning Expert Program and Residence Pass-Talent (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The information contained in this summary report reflects the analysis and assessment that have been undertaken beginning January 2013 mainly to assess the effectiveness of TalentCorp's efforts to attract and retain global talent through its Returning Expert Program (REP) and Residence Pass-Talent (RP-T). The initial research included various activities aimed at improving the client's ability to meet its mandate. The main activities completed were as follows: (1) creation of a platform to identify and monitor local labor market conditions and human capital/talent needs; (2) creation of a profile of the Malaysian diaspora living abroad; (3) creation and implementation of two surveys, both surveys focused on gauging the attractiveness of working in Malaysia and were targeted at the Malaysian diaspora and foreign talent living in Malaysia; (4) an impact evaluation of the REP, which aims to facilitate highly skilled members of the Malaysian professionals abroad back to Malaysia; and (5) an assessment of the effectiveness of the RP-T Program, which aims to retain foreign talent in Malaysia. In both the impact evaluation and the assessment, the main questions investigated are whether these programs effectively attract/retain talent
    DOI: 10.1596/24453
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    Central America Social Expenditures and Institutional Review : Costa Rica (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The evolution of Costa Rica's social sectors over the past decade has been dichotomous. On the one hand, economic growth has remained relatively high, however poverty and inequality have not declined (moreover, they have increased), and persistent employment challenges remain. On the other hand, the country has continued experiences advances in many social indicators, such as pre-primary and tertiary enrollment rates, access to improved sanitation, and labor force participation, though not in others (secondary school completion, immunizations, employment). Higher economic growth and (to a lesser extent) revenues seem to have allowed a substantial increase in public social spending. Looking forward, the key challenges Costa Rica faces are related to continuing improving the quality and efficiency in the social sectors, while improving targeting to serve the most in need, in a tight and severe fiscal context. To expand coverage of excluded population, priority will have to be given to reallocations and improvements within the spending envelope for the social sectors to maximize impact. With a fiscal deficit of more than 6 percent of GDP, further expanding public social spending is no longer an option and budget cuts are looming. Improvements in public spending management and budget execution, including the need of institutional reform to consolidate programs and improve coordination among executing agencies is equally important. In a country that has long been the champion in expanding universal welfare state, sustainability concerns will imply that hard fiscal decisions would need to be made to increase the social returns of budget allocation
    DOI: 10.1596/23608
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  • 32
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    Enterprise Surveys : Ethiopia Country Profile 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Enterprise Surveys (ES) focus on many aspects of the business environment. These factors can be accommodating or constraining for firms and play an important role in whether an economy's private sector will thrive or not. An accommodating business environment is one that encourages firms to operate efficiently. Such conditions strengthen incentives for firms to innovate and to increase productivity, key factors for sustainable development. A more productive private sector, in turn, expands employment and contributes taxes necessary for public investment in health, education, and other services. Questions contained in the ES aim at covering most of the topics mentioned above. The topics include infrastructure, trade, finance, regulations, taxes and business licensing, corruption, crime and informality, access to finance, innovation, labor, and perceptions about obstacles to doing business. This document summarizes the results of the Enterprise Survey for Ethiopia. Business owners and top managers in 848 firms were interviewed from June 2015 to February 2016
    DOI: 10.1596/25916
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  • 33
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    Mali Financial Sector Assessment Program : The Microfinance Sector (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Abstract: While the microfinance sector is extensively used in Mali (about 1 million members often based in rural areas), the sector has experienced a major crisis for over six years. The clean-up of the microfinance remains the most pressing priority for the Malian authorities and the adoption of the emergency plan for the microfinance sector is a key milestone to cleaning up the sector. While the plan addresses the main issues (restructuring or liquidation not viable MFIs; depositors indemnization mechanism; consolidation of active MFIs; reform and strengthening of the national supervisory body), but the implementation remains very challenging in a context of fiscal tightening and donor's reluctance to intervene. It is only the Government of Mali that can restore confidence in the sector, and only by undertaking the recommendations highlighted in the emergency plan. One of the most sensitive issues will be to manage the liquidation of a few important distressed institutions together with the indemnization of their depositors
    DOI: 10.1596/24270
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  • 34
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    Options for Low Income Countries' Effective and Efficient Use of Tax Incentives for Investment : Tools for the Assessment of Tax Incentives (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: This background paper describes five different tools that can be used for the assessment of tax incentives by governments in low income countries' (LICs). The first tool (an application of cost-benefit analysis) provides an overarching framework for assessment. Evaluations of the various costs and benefits of tax incentives are vital for informed decision making, but are rarely undertaken, partly because it can be a difficult exercise that is demanding in terms of data needs. The next three tools (tax expenditure assessment, corporate micro simulation models, and effective tax rate models) can be used as part of a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis, to shed light on particular aspects. Effective tax rate models shed light on the implications of tax parameters - including targeted tax incentives - on investment returns and help understand the implications of reform for expected investment outcomes. The document presents two tools for assessing the transparency and governance of tax incentives in LICs. These discuss principles in transparency and governance of tax incentives, and allow for benchmarking existing LIC practices against better alternatives
    DOI: 10.1596/22924
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    Optimizing Investments in Moldova's HIV Response (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report summarizes the findings of an Allocative efficiency analysis on Moldova`s national HIV epidemic and response conducted in 2014-15. The report addresses core questions for resource allocation such 'How can HIV funding be optimally allocated to the combination of HIV response interventions that will yield the highest impact?' or 'What level of investment is required to achieve national targets, if we allocate resources optimally?'. The report describes epidemiological and HIV financing trends as well as identifies sub-populations, which are most affected by the epidemic. Based on this information, the optimized mix of interventions for minimizing new HIV infections and deaths is identified using mathematical modeling techniques. Required investments into programs for key populations and antiretroviral treatment are established and translated into policy recommendations. Moldova continues to experience a concentrated HIV epidemic among people who inject drugs (PWID), men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSW), and their clients and their sexual partners in the general population. The HIV epidemic is more severe on the left bank of the Nistru River, where coverage of prevention programs is lower. The country could increase the impact of its HIV response by increasing investment from US
    DOI: 10.1596/25396
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  • 36
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    Optimizing Investments in Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's HIV Response (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report summarizes the findings of an Allocative efficiency analysis on the Former Yugoslav Republic (FYR) of Macedonia `s national HIV epidemic and response conducted in 2014-15. The report addresses core questions for resource allocation such 'How can HIV funding be optimally allocated to the combination of HIV response interventions that will yield the highest impact?' or 'What level of investment is required to achieve national targets, if we allocate resources optimally?'. The report describes epidemiological and HIV financing trends as well as identifies sub-populations, which are most affected by the epidemic. Based on this information, the optimized mix of interventions for minimizing new HIV infections and deaths is identified using mathematical modeling techniques. Required investments into programs for key populations and antiretroviral treatment are established and translated into policy recommendations. The FYR Macedonia experiences a low level, concentrated HIV epidemic. The small number of people currently living with HIV is attributable, in part, to an effective HIV response to date. There is increasing HIV prevalence among certain key population groups, particularly men who have sex with men (MSM) and male sex workers (MSW). This recent trend warrants early attention. MSM accounted for 64 percent of newly diagnosed people living with HIV in 2014. In that same year, programs specifically targeting MSM accounted for only 2.4 percent of HIV spending
    DOI: 10.1596/25378
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  • 37
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    Optimizing HIV Investments in Armenia (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report summarizes the findings of an allocative efficiency analysis on Armenia`s national HIV epidemic and response conducted in 2014-15. The report addresses core questions for resource allocation such "How can HIV funding be optimally allocated to the combination of HIV response interventions that will yield the highest impact?" or "What level of investment is required to achieve national targets, if we allocate resources optimally?". The report describes epidemiological and HIV financing trends as well as identifies sub-populations, which are most affected by the epidemic. Based on this information, the optimized mix of interventions for minimizing new HIV infections and deaths is identified using mathematical modelling techniques. Required investments into programs for key populations and antiretroviral treatment are established and translated into policy recommendations. The AE analysis indicates that, using the same US 3.9 million dollars of annual programmatic HIV spending recorded in 2013, Armenia could avert an additional 290 new HIV infections and 288 AIDS-related deaths from 2015 to 2020 if these resources were allocated optimally to minimize both HIV incidence and AIDS-related deaths
    DOI: 10.1596/25397
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  • 38
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    Rapid Assessment of the Horticulture Industry in Moldova (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Commodities Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Rapid Assessment of the Horticulture Sector in Moldova was conducted as part of the Moldova Food Security Technical Assistance (TA), financed from the Global Food Crisis Response Program (GFRP) trust fund (TF). The original aim of the TA was to inform the formulation of the government's food security strategy and the reform of related policies, with a view towards a paradigm shift from a self-sufficiency and production volume oriented to a competitiveness-based agricultural policy framework. Agri-food trade vulnerabilities were most recently exposed in the current regional geopolitical context, which led the Russian Federation impose an import ban on key Moldovan agricultural products (wines, meat products, fruit and vegetables) through 2013 and 2014. More than half of Moldova's agri-food exports go to CIS countries (predominantly Russia)1, and another third to the EU. Much higher levels of agricultural subsidies in other markets, particularly in the EU, undermine the competitiveness of Moldova's agri-food products on both foreign and domestic markets. Furthermore, despite the recently adopted Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (DCFTA) with the EU and despite an increase of the European import tariff rate quotas, the Moldovan products were not able to find immediate outlets on the EU market. The main reasons stemmed from a lack of adaptation to or compliance with European market quality and phytosanitary standards. The Rapid Assessment of the Horticulture Sector in Moldova, carried out between September 2014 and March 2015, serves a dual purpose: (i) provide an overview of the strengths as well as weaknesses of the Moldovan horticulture sector, which constitutes a vital component of the country's agricultural economy and rural society, and (ii) explore opportunities for fruit and vegetables market and product diversification, which could reduce some of the observed sector vulnerabilities
    DOI: 10.1596/28417
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  • 39
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    Rwanda Diagnostic Review of Consumer Protection and Financial Literacy : Private Pensions and Securities, Volume 2. Comparison with Good Practices (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This review of consumer protection and financial literacy (CPFL) in the private pensions and securities sectors in Rwanda complements the 2013 review of Rwanda's banking, microfinance, and insurance sectors. As noted previously, the institutional elements of the formal financial sector in Rwanda are in place but the levels of financial inclusion are still low. The government pension scheme covers less than 3 percent of the population, and the voluntary private pension funds cover less than 1 percent. The new Pensions Law in Rwanda introduced a comprehensive regulation of the private pension funds, providing a basis for sound consumer protection and opening opportunities for growth, and yet some CPFL issues still need to be addressed. The securities market lists only 7 equities and 9 bonds, capitalized at 27 percent of GDP. The 2011 laws on capital markets regulation introduced a sound regulatory framework that is not yet complete nonetheless and requires stronger investor protection. The key findings and recommendations of the Review - presented in Volume 1 of 2 - detail the main CPFL challenges and the suggested high priority remedies. The full list of recommendations is presented in the annexes. Volume 2 provides a detailed assessment of CPFL in both the private pensions and securities sectors against the international best practices summarized in the World Bank Group's good practices for financial consumer protection and financial literacy/capability
    DOI: 10.1596/26435
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 40
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    Serbia Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability Performance Report : Repeat Assessment (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Financial Accountability Assessment
    Abstract: A Public Expenditure and Financial accountability (PEFA) repeat assessment was conducted in the Republic of Serbia (RoS) between November 2014 and May 2015 by an independent team of experts, led by the World Bank (WB). The assessment was financed jointly by the Strengthening of Accountability and the Fiduciary Environment (SAFE) Trust Fund of the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), the European Union Delegation to Serbia (EU Delegation) and WB. The period covered by this Assessment (2011-2013) was dominated by the challenges posed by the aftermath of the global economic recession which affected macro-fiscal performances. Notwithstanding these challenges PFM improvements can be observed in strengthening legislative framework, and Budget classification, multi-year fiscal planning, procurement and external audit. In other areas such as the composition of expenditure out-turn compared with originally approved budget, expenditures arrears, oversight of fiscal risk, and effectiveness of tax collection, predictability in the availability of funds, application of public sector accounting standards application and legislative scrutiny of annual budget law and final accounts, further work is needed to improve PFM performance
    DOI: 10.1596/24788
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 41
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    Private Sector Delivery of Rural Piped Water Services in Bangladesh : A Review of Experience, 2003-2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Abstract: This note explores the Bangladesh experience in implementing the widespread use of a private operator model for building and operating rural piped water schemes. Since the early 1990s, the World Bank has, through a series of development projects, designed, piloted, and attempted to scale up use of the model as a mechanisms to address the very real issues of arsenic contamination and delivery at scale. The latest of these projects is still in implementation. The experience with these projects to date has been disappointing, and while a limited number of schemes are still in operation, the model has not been replicated in a large number of communities as intended and has not proved to be particularly sustainable. Over this same period, the government and other development partners also have been using alternative methods to deliver the same kinds of services in rural areas. Some of these efforts seem to have been modestly successful. However, much of the evidence about the performance of these other models is anecdotal and there has been little rigorous analysis to compare the performance of these different models with the private sponsor approach. This paper attempts to do this on the basis of a desk review of existing World Bank literature, including project documents and research reports, coupled with interviews with key stakeholders and World Bank staff. The first section of the paper provides an overview of the rationale and key issues associated with efforts to scale up a private operator model in Bangladesh. The second section reviews government efforts and those of its other development partners, to use a more traditional mode of service provision, involving community management. The third, fourth, and fifth sections review efforts by the government and the World Bank to design, test, and scale up a private operator model for service provision. A sixth section reviews some of the international research that provides insights into the use of such models in other countries and sectors. The paper ends with tentative conclusions about the experience in Bangladesh, lessons learned, and several options for further analysis
    DOI: 10.1596/24784
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 42
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    Summary Note on Technical Assistance Provided in Support of the Greater Harare Water and Sanitation Strategic Plan (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Abstract: The severe conditions in Zimbabwe, which reached a nadir in 2008 and 2009, led to a collapse of basic systems including the reliability and safety of water supply and sanitation services, leading to an outbreak of cholera with more than 4,000 deaths and over 90,000 people infected. The World Bank provided Technical Assistance (TA) to the City of Harare to improve water and sanitation services in the period October 2012 to June 2014 to the value of approximately 600,000 US dollars. This Summary Note summarizes the key elements of the work undertaken and makes a set of recommendations to the City of Harare, the adjacent local authorities of Chitungwiza, Epworth, Norton and Ruwa, and Government of Zimbabwe to inform a strategic plan to improve water and Sanitation services in the greater Harare area. This Summary Note also sets out the context at the commencement of the TA, summarizes the work undertaken in the TA and the outcomes from this work, and makes recommendations for the way forward
    DOI: 10.1596/24795
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 43
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    Women in Agriculture : The Impact of Male Out-Migration on Women's Agency, Household Welfare, and Agricultural Productivity (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Abstract: Migration is transforming rural economies, landscapes, and potentially, gender relations. Migration is one of the drivers of the so-called feminization of agriculture in Latin America. This feminization has relevance for everyone given agriculture's role in regional food security, national shared prosperity, and household resilience to shocks. The objective of this study is to investigate the feminization of agriculture as well as its implications for women's agency, household welfare, and agricultural productivity. This report provides some introduction to women in agriculture, lays out the study methodology, and provides background information on migration, women, and agriculture in Guatemala. Women's role in agriculture is even more crucial in Guatemala, which suffers from the double burden of chronic malnutrition and obesity. This analysis seeks to investigate the impact of male migration on agriculture, but also its implications for women's agency and agricultural productivity, as mediated by factors such as land tenure and access to agricultural extension services. This analysis seeks to better understand how male out-migration is influencing women's agency in agriculture; to understand if, when women are in control of their farms, it changes the types of decisions they make and thus the results that they obtain; and finally, to get a better sense of how these differences in agency (if any) lead to better or worse livelihood outcomes for the farm household. This study is based on a quantitative field survey conducted in August 2014, as well as qualitative focus groups and interviews conducted in May 2014 to test the questionnaire
    DOI: 10.1596/22386
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 44
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    Mali Financial Sector Assessment : Development Module (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Abstract: Mali is a vast, land-locked country in West Africa with a population of approximately 14.9 million, and a GDP per capita of USD 480. The economy is largely rural, with over two-thirds of the population living off agriculture, notably cotton. Gold is the country's largest export, though production has been declining and the industry faces an uncertain future as proven reserves are limited. The service sector, which represents 40 percent of GDP, is dominated by trade and commerce. Mali's dependence on crops and gold makes it vulnerable to terms of trade shocks. Industry, which employs just 3 percent of the active population, consists largely of small-scale food processing and textile plants. The overwhelming majority of the population (over 90 percent) works in the informal sector. The FSAP Development Module focused on: i) the banking sector and legal framework (credit to the economy); ii) microfinance; iii) agricultural finance; iv) insurance; and v) housing finance2. The mission carried out in-depth assessments on each topic and provided recommendations aiming at mitigating financial vulnerabilities and supporting the development of the financial sector (i.e. development the credit to the economy while insuring financial stability)
    DOI: 10.1596/24582
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 45
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    Results-Based Approaches in Development : A Review (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program Papers
    Abstract: After falling out of fashion somewhat (Schmitz, 2006) there has been a resurgence of interest in conditional or results-based instruments over the last few years. Faced with increasing pressure on budgets and sometimes frustrated with the perceived ineffectiveness of development spending, policy makers have started to explore new ways of structuring development support in order to do more with less. However, as is well known, conditionality has a mixed track record. It is therefore important to understand where, when, and how these new instruments are best deployed; what their strengths are, and what their weaknesses; and what critical information we are still missing about them. Initial research on these new instruments is emerging, but so far there is no overarching structure or overall research program that unifies these efforts. A review that provides a general overview of this burgeoning field may therefore be useful both to policy makers and to researchers: it can both summarize the current state of the art and it may help to prevent duplicate research as well as identify gaps that could usefully be filled. This paper conducts such a review and seeks to summarize the already existing research on this topic. The report is structured as follows. First the authors give an overview of the subject matter, describing the concept and the terminology of results-based approaches. Next, they survey the research landscape on this topic, pointing out which areas are well covered, and which ones less so. In sections four and five the authors then structure and summarize the start of the art in theoretical research (section four) and in empirical research (section five). The authors conclude with some overarching findings and questions for further research
    DOI: 10.1596/25200
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 46
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    Federal Republic of Nigeria Slum Upgrading, Involuntary Resettlement, Land and Housing : Lessons Learned from the Experience in Lagos and Other Mega-Cities (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Urban Study
    Abstract: This report aims to extract lessons on slum upgrading and involuntary resettlement policies and practices learned from the process of addressing the Badia East case, which involved complex interactions between affected people, NGOs, the Bank and Lagos State Government. In doing so, this report will discuss the Local Government Support Programme (LMDGP) as a complex and rich case study from which to extract lessons on involuntary resettlement, land, housing and slum upgrading, as well as overall urban development issues, although it is by no means meant to be an evaluation of the LMDGP project itself nor of process that followed the submission of a request for inspection to the Inspection Panel. Rather, it intends to provide an in-depth analysis of, and make recommendations on urban land and housing issues and the modalities of urban sector engagement in mega-cities like Lagos with inefficient land markets. The report was based on an extensive desk-review of relevant documents on urban issues in Nigeria and Lagos and on the LMDGP; interviews conducted in Lagos and Abuja during the period of January 18-31, 2015 with a range of stakeholders; and a series of case-studies on relevant international experiences in the areas of slum upgrading, involuntary resettlement, land and housing
    DOI: 10.1596/25063
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 47
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    Identification for Development : Nigeria (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Nigerian federal government recognized the need to create a national identity program, incorporating lessons from past attempts of Department of National Civic Registration, and following leading practices of national identity programs in other countries. With an aim to create a comprehensive identity system, Nigeria constituted "The Committee on the Harmonisation of National Identity Cards" to create a national policy and institutional framework for an identity management system in Nigeria. As per the recommendation of the Committee, and subsequent enactment of a law, the government established NIMC as the agency responsible for developing a National Identity Management System (NIMS). several government agencies issue an identity credential to residents for specific uses, but NIMC leads the identity agenda of Nigeria, and offers a "foundational identity" or an "official identity."
    DOI: 10.1596/26437
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    The Little Data Book on Financial Inclusion 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464805530
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (176 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The little data book on financial inclusion 2015
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsindikator ; Sozialer Indikator ; Entwicklung ; Daten ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Öffentliche Schulden ; Auslandsschulden ; Schuldentilgung ; Sparen ; Haushalt ; Entwicklungsfinanzierung ; Currency ; Currency composition ; Debt disbursements ; Debt ratios ; Debt service ; External debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Global development finance ; Interest payments ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Principal repayments ; Total debt ; Erde
    Abstract: The Little Data Book on Financial Inclusion 2015 is a pocket edition of the Global Financial Inclusion Database published in 2015 in "The Global Findex Database 2014: Measuring Financial Inclusion around the World?" by Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, and Peter Van Oudheusden (World Bank Policy Research Paper 7255). It provides 41 country-level indicators of financial inclusion summarized for all adults and disaggregated by key demographic characteristics-gender, age, income, and rural residence. The book also includes summary pages by region and by income group aggregates. Covering 143 economies, the indicators of financial inclusion measure how people save, borrow, make payments and manage risk
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0552-3
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 49
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    LAC Poverty and Labor Brief, February 2014 : Social Gains in the Balance - A Fiscal Policy Challenge for Latin America and the Caribbean (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464802911
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (68 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Commitment to equity ; Equity ; Fiscal policy ; Human opportunity index ; Inequality ; Poverty ; Shared prosperity
    Abstract: In 2012, the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region continued its successful drive to reduce poverty and build the middle class. Poverty reduction was accompanied by strong income growth of the bottom 40 percent of the population, the World Bank's indicator of shared prosperity. However, the recent economic slowdown and stagnation in inequality decline suggest that future social gains may be more difficult to achieve. Given the modest prospects ahead, the region's poverty reduction strategy needs to focus on restoring growth and preserving macroeconomic stability, while reinforcing the ability of less advantaged groups to participate in and contribute to growth. This report assesses two relevant policy areas: equity of fiscal policy and equal access to basic goods and services for children that open the opportunity for them to lead lives of their choosing. Drawing on results from the Commitment to Equity project, the report shows that fiscal policy remains an underused instrument in terms of level and incidence of taxation and spending. The Human Opportunity Index underscores that opportunities are expanding for children in the region, but large gaps remain in access and quality
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0291-1
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 50
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    The Little Data Book 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464805516
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (246 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Currency ; Currency composition ; Debt disbursements ; Debt ratios ; Debt service ; External debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Global development finance ; Interest payments ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Principal repayments ; Total debt
    Abstract: The Little Data Book 2015 is a pocket edition of World Development Indicators 2015. It is intended as a quick reference for users of the World Development Indicators database, book, and mobile app. The database covers more than 1,200 indicators and spans more than 50 years. The 214 country tables present the latest available data for World Bank member countries and other economies with populations of more than 30,000. The 14 summary tables cover regional and income group aggregates
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0550-9
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 51
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    World Development Indicators 2015 (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464804410
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (164 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Education ; GDP ; Gender ; GNI ; Growth ; Income classification ; Infrastructure ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Malnutrition ; MDGs ; Population ; Poverty ; Trade
    Abstract: World Development Indicators 2015 provides a compilation of relevant, highquality, and internationally comparable statistics about global development and the fight against poverty. It is intended to help policymakers, students, analysts, professors, program managers, and citizens find and use data related to all aspects of development, including those that help monitor progress toward the World Bank Group's two goals of ending poverty and promoting shared prosperity. Six themes are used to organize indicators-world view, people, environment, economy, states and markets, and global links. As in past editions, World Development Indicators reviews global progress toward the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and provides key indicators related to poverty. WDI 2015 includes: * A selection of the most popular indicators across 214 economies and 14 country groups organized into six WDI themes * Thematic and regional highlights, providing an overview of global development trends * An in-depth review of the progress made toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals * A user guide describing resources available online and on mobile apps A complementary online data analysis tool is available this year to allow readers to further investigate global, regional, and country progress on the MDGs: data.worldbank.org/mdgs. Each of the remaining sections includes an introduction; six stories highlighting specific global, regional or country trends; and a table of the most relevant and popular indicators for that theme, together with a discussion of indicator compilation methodology. WDI DataFinder Mobile App Download the WDI DataFinder Mobile App and other Data Apps at data.worldbank.org/apps. WDI DataFinder is a mobile app for browsing the current WDI database on smartphones and tablets, using iOS, Android, and Blackberry, available in four languages: English, French, Spanish, and Chinese. Use the app to: * browse data using the structure of the WDI * visually compare countries and indicators * create, edit, and save customized tables, charts, and maps * share what you create on Twitter, Facebook, and via email
    Note: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0440-3
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 52
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    Purchasing power parities and the real size of world economies : a comprehensive report of the International Comparison Program (2015)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464803291
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (pages cm))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Edition: World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 339.31
    Keywords: International Comparison Programme ; International Comparison Programme ; Gross domestic product Statistics ; National income Statistics ; Accounting ; Purchasing power Statistics ; Gross domestic product Statistics ; National income Statistics Accounting ; Purchasing power Statistics ; Purchasing power parity ; Purchasing power parity ; National income Statistics Accounting ; Purchasing power Statistics ; Gross domestic product Statistics ; International Comparison Programme ; Gross domestic product ; National income ; Purchasing power ; Purchasing power parity ; Statistics ; Accounting ; Statistics ; Statistics
    Note: Includes bibliographical references. - Description based on print version record
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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