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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (3,176)
  • World Bank  (3,137)
  • Busch, David D.
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    David Busch's Canon EOS R8 Guide to Digital Photography (2024)
    San Rafael : Rocky Nook
    Details
    ISBN: 9798888140468
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (453 p.).
    Series Statement: The David Busch Camera Guide Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 771.3/1
    Keywords: Canon digital cameras Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Photography Handbooks, manuals, etc Digital techniques ; Photography Handbooks, manuals, etc
    Abstract: David Busch's Canon EOS R8 Guide to Digital Photography is your all-in-one comprehensive resource and reference for the exciting new Canon EOS R8, which is aimed squarely at enthusiasts looking for an affordable full-frame entry to mirrorless photography. It boasts a 24.2 sensor with superior low-light performance and action-friendly 40 frames-per second continuous shooting capabilities. Advanced video features include 4K and HDR video, and 10-bit C-log3 capture for sophisticated color grading. Three available adapters make it easy to supplement your RF-mount lenses with a broad selection of legacy Canon EF and EF-S optics. The R8 also features wireless connectivity to computers and smart devices. With this book in hand, you can quickly apply all these advanced features to your digital photography, while boosting your creativity to take great photographs with your Canon EOS R8. Filled with detailed how-to steps and full-color illustrations, David Busch's Canon EOS R8 Guide to Digital Photography covers all this upscale camera's features in depth, from taking your first photos through advanced details of setup, exposure, lens selection, lighting, and more, and relates each feature to specific photographic techniques and situations. Also included is the handy "roadmap" chapter, an easy-to-use visual guide to the cameras' features and controls. Learn when to use each option and, more importantly, when not to use them, by following the author's recommended settings for every menu entry. With best-selling photographer and mentor David Busch as your guide, you'll quickly have full creative mastery of your camera's capabilities, whether you're shooting on the job, as an advanced enthusiast, or are just out for fun. Start building your knowledge and confidence, while bringing your vision to light with the Canon EOS R8.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record. - Star Trails
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    David Busch's Nikon Z9/Z8 : guide to digital still photography (2024)
    San Rafael, CA : Rocky Nook
    Details
    ISBN: 9798888141380
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (456 pages) , illustrations
    Edition: [First edition].
    DDC: 771.3/1
    Keywords: Nikon digital cameras Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Photography Digital techniques ; Nikon (Appareils-photo numériques) ; Guides, manuels, etc ; Photographie numérique
    Abstract: David Busch's Nikon Z9/Z8 Guide to Digital Still Photography is your all-in-one comprehensive resource and reference for Nikon's flagship full frame mirrorless professional/enthusiast cameras, the Z8 and Z9. They share a high-resolution 46-megapizel BSI stacked sensor powered by performance-enhancing dual EXPEED 7 image processors. The duo dispenses with mechanical shutters entirely, and boast advanced all-electronic shutters with speeds up to 1/32,000th second and continuous shooting at 30 frames-per-second rates. An improved autofocus system with sophisticated subject detection offers lightning fast focus for stills and both 4K and Full HD movie-shooting. With this book in hand, you'll master all these impressive features, and fine tune your camera skills as develop your creativity taking great photographs with your new Z9 or Z8. Filled with detailed how-to steps and full-color illustrations, David Busch's Nikon Z9/Z8 Guide to Digital Still Photography covers the cameras' still photography capabilities in depth, from taking your first photos through advanced details of setup, exposure, lens selection, lighting, and more, and relates each feature to specific photographic techniques and situations. Also included is an introduction to the cameras' video features. A handy visual guide to the Z9 and Z8, with close-up photos and descriptions of the cameras' essential features and controls. Learn when to use each option and, more importantly, when not to use them, by following the author's recommended settings for every menu entry. With best-selling photographer and mentor David Busch as your guide, you'll quickly have full creative mastery of your camera's capabilities, whether you're shooting on the job, as an advanced enthusiast, or are just out for fun. Start building your knowledge and confidence, while bringing your vision to light with the Nikon Z9 or Z8 today.
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    David Busch's Canon EOS R6 II guide to digital photography (2023)
    San Rafael, CA : Rocky Nook
    Details
    ISBN: 9798888140277 , 9798888140260
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (464 pages) , illustrations
    Edition: 1st edition.
    DDC: 771.3/1
    Keywords: Canon digital cameras ; Photography Digital techniques
    Abstract: David Busch's Canon EOS R6 II Guide to Digital Photography is your all-in-one comprehensive resource and reference for the exciting new Canon EOS R6 II full-frame mirrorless camera. The EOS R6 II boasts continuous shooting up to 40 frames per second, in-body image stabilization, and a 24 MP sensor. Its upgraded autofocus subject recognition now provides lightning-fast tracking of people, animals, motor sports vehicles, aircraft, and trains. Three available adapters make it easy to supplement your R-mount lenses with a broad selection of legacy Canon EF and EF-S optics. The EOS R6 II has wireless connectivity to allow linking the camera to a computer and iOS or Android smart devices, high-definition 4K and Full HD movie-making capabilities, and a versatile swiveling touch screen LCD. With this book in hand, you can quickly apply all these advanced features to your digital photography, while boosting your creativity to take great photographs with your Canon EOS R6 II. Filled with detailed how-to steps and full-color illustrations, David Busch's Canon EOS R6 II Guide to Digital Photography covers all this upscale camera's features in depth, from taking your first photos through advanced details of setup, exposure, lens selection, lighting, and more, and relates each feature to specific photographic techniques and situations. Also included is the handy EOS R6 II "roadmap" chapter, an easy-to-use visual guide to the camera's features and controls. Learn when to use each option and, more importantly, when not to use them, by following the author’s recommended settings for every menu entry. With best-selling photographer and mentor David Busch as your guide, you'll quickly have full creative mastery of your camera’s capabilities, whether you're shooting on the job, as an advanced enthusiast, or are just out for fun. Start building your knowledge and confidence, while bringing your vision to light with the Canon EOS R6 II today.
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    David Busch's Canon EOS R7 : guide to digital photography (2023)
    San Rafael, CA : Rocky Nook, Inc.
    Details
    ISBN: 9781681989518 , 1681989514 , 9781681989501 , 1681989506
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (432 pages) , illustrations
    Edition: [First edition].
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 771.31
    Keywords: Canon digital cameras ; Photography Digital techniques ; Canon digital cameras ; Photography ; Digital techniques
    Abstract: David Busch's Canon EOS R7 Guide to Digital Photography is your all-in-one comprehensive resource and reference for the exciting new APS-C format Canon EOS R7. Enthusiasts will appreciate this 33-megapixel camera’s superior low-light performance and action-friendly 30 frames-per second continuous shooting capabilities. Image stabilization built into the R7’s body integrates with lens-based stabilization found in many lenses. Three available adapters make it easy to supplement your RF-mount lenses with a broad selection of legacy Canon EF and EF-S optics. The R7 also has two memory card slots, wireless connectivity to computers and smart devices, and high-definition 4K and Full HD movie-making capabilities. With this book in hand, you can quickly apply all these advanced features to your digital photography, while boosting your creativity to take great photographs with your Canon EOS R7. Filled with detailed how-to steps and full-color illustrations, David Busch's Canon EOS R7 Guide to Digital Photography covers all this upscale camera's features in depth, from taking your first photos through advanced details of setup, exposure, lens selection, lighting, and more, and relates each feature to specific photographic techniques and situations. Also included is the handy "roadmap" chapter, an easy-to-use visual guide to the cameras' features and controls. Learn when to use each option and, more importantly, when not to use them, by following the author’s recommended settings for every menu entry. With best-selling photographer and mentor David Busch as your guide, you'll quickly have full creative mastery of your camera’s capabilities, whether you're shooting on the job, as an advanced enthusiast, or are just out for fun. Start building your knowledge and confidence, while bringing your vision to light with the Canon EOS R7.
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    David Busch's Canon EOS R10 guide to digital photography (2023)
    San Rafael, CA : Rocky Nook, Inc.
    Details
    ISBN: 9781681989556 , 1681989557
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (416 pages) , illustrations
    Edition: 1st edition.
    DDC: 771.3/1
    Keywords: Canon digital cameras ; Photography Digital techniques
    Abstract: David Busch's Canon EOS R10 Guide to Digital Photography is your all-in-one comprehensive resource and reference for the highly-affordable APS-C format Canon EOS R10. Beginners and budding enthusiasts alike will appreciate this 24-megapixel camera’s action-friendly 23 frames-per second continuous shooting capabilities. Image stabilization built into many RF-mount lenses – including two all-new RF-S optics introduced with the camera – virtually eliminates blur from camera shake at slow shutter speeds. Three available adapters make it easy to supplement your RF-mount lenses with a broad selection of legacy Canon EF and EF-S lenses. The R10 has wireless connectivity to computers and smart devices and high-definition 4K and Full HD movie-making capabilities. With this book in hand, you can quickly apply all these advanced features to your digital photography, while boosting your creativity to take great photographs with your Canon EOS R10. Filled with detailed how-to steps and full-color illustrations, David Busch's Canon EOS R10 Guide to Digital Photography covers all this upscale camera's features in depth, from taking your first photos through advanced details of setup, exposure, lens selection, lighting, and more, and relates each feature to specific photographic techniques and situations. Also included is the handy "roadmap" chapter, an easy-to-use visual guide to the cameras' features and controls. Learn when to use each option and, more importantly, when not to use them, by following the author’s recommended settings for every menu entry. With best-selling photographer and mentor David Busch as your guide, you'll quickly have full creative mastery of your camera’s capabilities, whether you're shooting on the job, as an advanced enthusiast, or are just out for fun. Start building your knowledge and confidence, while bringing your vision to light with the Canon EOS R10.
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    David Busch's DJI Mini 3/Mini 3 Pro Guide to Drone Photography (2023)
    San Rafael, CA : Rocky Nook
    Details
    ISBN: 9798888141335
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (269 p.).
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 778.3/5
    Keywords: Aerial photography Technique ; Drone aircraft
    Abstract: The complete guide to mastering your drone! David Busch's DJI Mini 3/Mini 3 Pro Guide to Drone Photography is your comprehensive resource and reference guide to capturing high quality photographic still images and high-definition video with the ultra-compact DJI Mini 3 and Mini 3 Pro aircraft. These highly affordable, easy-to-fly Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) are taking off all over the United States and worldwide. Photo and video enthusiasts as young as 16 can capture compelling images and video for personal use, social media, and YouTube channels. The first model-specific guide for the Mini 3 and Mini 3 Pro from David Busch, the world's #1 selling camera guide author, this book will lead you through registration, pre-flight prep, and mastery of every feature in a concise, fun, and straightforward way. Filled with detailed how-to steps and full-color illustrations, David Busch's DJI Mini 3/Mini 3 Pro Guide to Drone Photography covers the drones' capabilities in depth, from understanding the FAA rules and regulations, to taking your first photos and videos. You'll learn how to perform basic aerial moves and use the two Mini aircrafts' built-in flight tools. With best-selling photographer and mentor David Busch as your guide, you'll quickly have full creative mastery of your drone's capabilities, whether you're shooting on the job, as an advanced enthusiast, or are just out for fun. Start building your knowledge and confidence with the DJI Mini 3 and Mini 3 Pro today.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record. - Chapter 7. Keys to Great Photos
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    David Busch's Sony A[lpha] a7 IV : guide to digital photography (2022)
    San Rafael, CA : Rocky Nook, Inc.
    Details
    ISBN: 9781681988894 , 1681988895
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (448 pages) , illustrations
    Edition: 1st edition.
    DDC: 771.3/1
    Keywords: Sony digital cameras Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Photography Digital techniques ; Electronic books
    Abstract: David Busch's Sony Alpha a7 IV Guide to Digital Photography is the most comprehensive resource and reference for Sony’s long-awaited 33-megapixel full frame mirrorless camera. Capable of 10 frame-per-second bursts even at full resolution, the a7 IV is fast enough for action photography, and its enhanced dynamic range delivers the image quality that the most demanding landscape or fine-art photographer requires. This camera’s remarkable low-light performance, fast sensor-based phase detect autofocus (with real-time face and eye tracking in both still and movie modes), and improved 5-axis in-body image stabilization, the a7 IV has all the tools needed to take incredible images. This book will show you how to master those features as you explore the world of digital photography and hone your creativity with your a7 IV. Filled with detailed how-to steps and full-color illustrations, David Busch's Sony Alpha a7 IV Guide to Digital Photography covers every feature of this camera in depth, from taking your first photos through advanced details of setup, exposure, lens selection, lighting, and more, and relates each feature to specific photographic techniques and situations. Also included is the handy camera "roadmap" chapter, an easy-to-use visual guide to the camera's features and controls. Learn when to use every option and, more importantly, when not to use them, by following the author’s recommended settings for each menu entry. With best-selling photographer and mentor David Busch as your guide, you'll quickly have full creative mastery of your camera’s capabilities, whether you're shooting on the job, as an advanced enthusiast exploring full frame photography for the first time, or are just out for fun. Start building your knowledge and confidence, while bringing your vision to light with the Sony a7 IV.
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    COVID-19 Impact Monitoring : Nigeria, Round 9 (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Abstract: The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic and its economic and social effects on households have created an urgent need for timely data to help monitor and mitigate the social and economic impacts of the crisis and protect the welfare of Nigerian society. To monitor how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the economy and people of Nigeria and to inform policy interventions and responses, the National Bureau of Statistics with technical support from the World Bank implemented the Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (COVID-19 NLPS). This brief presents findings from the seventh and ninth rounds of this survey which was conducted between January 9 and 25, 2021 respectively
    DOI: 10.1596/35320
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    David Busch's Canon EOS R5/R6 Guide to Digital Photography (2021)
    La Vergne : Rocky Nook
    Details
    ISBN: 9781681987088 , 1681987082
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (497 p.).
    Series Statement: The David Busch Camera Guide Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Note: Description based upon print version of record. - What Lenses Can Do for You
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    International Debt Statistics 2021 (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: International Debt Statistics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: International Debt Statistics (IDS), a long-standing annual publication of the World Bank, features external debt statistics and analysis for the 120 low- and middle-income countries that report to the World Bank Debtor Reporting System. IDS 2021 includes (1) an overview analyzing global trends in debt stocks of and debt flows to low- and middle-income countries within the framework of aggregate capital flows (debt and equity); (2) a feature story on the World Bank and International Monetary Fund Debt Service Suspension Initiative in response to the COVID-19 pandemic; (3) tables and charts detailing debtor and creditor composition of debt stock and flows, terms of new commitments, and maturity structure of future debt service payments and debt burdens, measured in relation to gross national income and export earnings for each country; (4) one-page summaries per country, plus global, regional, and income group aggregates showing debt stocks and flows, relevant debt indicators, and metadata for six years (2009 and 2015+"19); and (5) a user guide describing the tables and content, definitions and rationale for the country and income groupings used in the report, data notes, and information about additional resources and comprehensive data sets available to users online. Unique in its coverage of the important trends and issues fundamental to the financing of low- and middle-income countries, IDS 2021 is an indispensable resource for governments, economists, investors, financial consultants, academics, bankers, and the entire development community. For more information on IDS 2021 and related products, please visit the World Bank's Data Catalog at https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/international-debt-statistics
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1610-9
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Economic Prospects, June 2020 (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (234 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Economic Prospects
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has, with alarming speed, dealt a heavy blow to an already-weak global economy, which is expected to slide into its deepest recession since the second world war, despite unprecedented policy support. The global recession would be deeper if countries take longer to bring the pandemic under control, if financial stress triggers defaults, or if there are protracted effects on households and firms. Economic disruptions are likely to be more severe and protracted in emerging market and developing economies with larger domestic outbreaks and weaker medical care systems; greater exposure to international spillovers through trade, tourism, and commodity and financial markets; weaker macroeconomic frameworks; and more pervasive informality and poverty. Beyond the current steep economic contraction, the pandemic is likely to leave lasting scars on the global economy by undermining consumer and investor confidence, human capital, and global value chains. Being mostly a reflection of the recent plunge in global energy demand, low oil prices are unlikely to provide much of a boost to global growth in the near term. While policymakers' immediate priorities are to address the health crisis and moderate the short-term economic losses, the likely long-term consequences of the pandemic highlight the need to forcefully undertake comprehensive reform programs to improve the fundamental drivers of economic growth, once the crisis abates. Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing economies, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). The January edition includes in-depth analyses of topical policy challenges faced by these economies, while the June edition contains shorter analytical pieces
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1553-9
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bulgaria : Country Needs and STI Policy Mix Assessment (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Abstract: Bulgaria has achieved impressive economic performance over the last two decades. Nevertheless, recent growth of gross domestic product (GDP) and productivity has slowed since the global financial crisis, and the country faces medium- to long-term labor shortages and skills mismatches driven by an aging population and high emigration rates. Maintaining income growth in the face of these challenges will require boosting productivity, and a key step to increase productivity is to strengthen Bulgaria's science, technology and innovation (STI) performance, which ranks among the worst in the European Union (EU) across multiple indicators. A review of STI policies is critical in preparation for the next EU programing period to ensure that the expected increase in resources to support research and innovation is used effectively. This report provides a comprehensive assessment of the country's research and innovation needs and an original analysis of the policies devoted to supporting STI in Bulgaria, including nearly all national-level STI-related policy instruments
    DOI: 10.1596/34790
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ghana Tax Gap Analysis (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Abstract: The objective of this report is to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the tax gap in Ghana, and help the Government of Ghana identify the areas where they can increase tax revenue by improving compliance. Tax gap for corporate income tax, import tax, estimated value added tax, and potential tax revenue from formalization of informal firms were investigated
    DOI: 10.1596/34806
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lebanon Economic Monitor, Fall 2020 : The Deliberate Depression (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: The Lebanon Economic Monitor provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the past six months. It also presents findings from recent World Bank work on Lebanon. It places them in a longer-term and global context and assesses the implications of these developments and other changes in policy on the outlook for Lebanon. Its coverage ranges from the macro-economy to financial markets to indicators of human welfare and development
    DOI: 10.1596/34842
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Belarus Public Expenditure Review : Strengthening the Equity, Efficiency and Effectiveness of Social Expenditures in Belarus (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Abstract: After more than a decade of strong growth, interrupted only by the 2008-2009 global financial crisis, Belarus' economy has encountered major headwinds. Since 2012, growth has stalled, macroeconomic imbalances have intensified, and public finances have deteriorated. Unlike regional peers, the country was unable to take advantage of buoyant global demand, ample liquidity and strong risk appetite. This suggests that the causes for this disappointing outcome are domestic and rooted in the current economic model based on an outsized public sector and reliance on Russia for cheap energy and as main export market. The narrow export base has left the economy vulnerable to economic weakness in Russia and, indirectly, to volatility in global oil prices. These shocks have exposed major structural weaknesses, that have dragged down productivity and potential growth and increased Belarus' vulnerability to major shocks such as the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The policy response to the external headwinds has been pro-cyclical. It has focused on avoiding major financial disruptions and resorting to increased foreign borrowing to make it through the financing pressures rather than deeper structural adjustment needed to adjust to the new realities and anchor fiscal sustainability. It has focused on exchange rate adjustment accompanied by ad-hoc fiscal retrenchment. The latter, however, although significant, has been episodic and less than optimal as it has protected consumption at the expense of investment. The scope for fiscal adjustment has been constrained by the structural rigidities of Belarus' public finances. Looking forward, Belarus now faces a perfect storm of a global economic shock caused by the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, an unprecedented drop in oil prices, and the phasing out of the energy import price discount by 2024 due to the Russian tax maneuver. All these adverse external developments come against the background of deeply rooted structural rigidities, a heavy debt redemptions schedule and a much-reduced policy space compared with previous episodes of external pressures such as in 2009 and 2015
    DOI: 10.1596/34830
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Georgia : Towards Green and Resilient Growth (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Environmental Analysis
    Abstract: Georgia has made remarkable progress in terms of economic growth and poverty alleviation. In 2019, the country became an upper middle-income country Georgia's endowment of natural resources is a significant source of national wealth and has the potential for accelerating inclusive socio-economic development. Yet, challenges persist as poverty and inequality remain high, especially in rural areas. The Coronavirus (COVID-19) induced global recession has affected important sectors of the economy, including tourism and the travel industry. This report fills knowledge gaps in the upstream importance of environment and natural assets, and highlights areas for aligning national strategies with sustainable recovery from the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In so doing, the report aims to inform national policies by which Georgia has commitments to "greening" sector developments aligned with the provisions of the EU-Georgia Association Agreement. The analysis underlying the report includes updates to the cost of environmental degradation (CoED) published in 2015. It also reflects the new government priorities and options for addressing specific challenges in forest management, land and coastal degradation, and air pollution. The recommendations of this report are designed for a wider audience, including the government of Georgia, as well as development partners and broader society
    DOI: 10.1596/34862
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Silver Lining : Productive and Inclusive Aging for Malaysia (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Abstract: In 2020, Malaysia passes a crucial milestone in its demographic trajectory and becomes an aging society. Driven by a precipitous decline in fertility accompanied by a sustained rise in life expectancy, in recent years Malaysia has seen an uptick in the pace of demographic change. Rapid aging will be one of the most crucial megatrends affecting Malaysia in coming decades, raising policy challenges in areas such as employment, income security, health care, and aged care. The term silver economy has been coined to encompass all sources of opportunities that arise from economic activities that serve the needs and demands of older persons. While rapid aging is crucially important and will become even more so in coming decades, through the right choice of policies, the government of Malaysia can help the country achieve productive and inclusive aging. The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented crisis with an enormous health and human toll, as well as exacerbated many of the policy challenges raised by aging both in the short term and more structurally. The report analyzes Malaysia's demographic, socioeconomic and macroeconomic contexts, as well as three select key policy areas where critical knowledge gaps exist-employment, income security, and aged care
    DOI: 10.1596/34887
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Business Regulation in South Asia and the Belt and Road Initiative (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Abstract: This study provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of the business environment in six South Asian countries, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, to examine whether business regulatory requirements in these countries hinder them from fully benefiting from BRI project spillovers. The analysis is based on available secondary data sources and responses to a structured questionnaire sent to selected private sector participants in each of these countries, eliciting information on the law, regulation, and practice in a wide range of thematic areas influencing the overall business and regulatory environment. Survey respondents identified nine key themes as the most challenging for the private sector, including from the perspective of potential benefits from BRI-induced opportunities. The thematic areas are: (a) licensing and inspection requirements; (b) regulations and practices governing foreign investment; (c) access to resources such as land, credit, and electricity; (d) regulatory restrictions on the operation of foreign firms, such as local content requirements and currency repatriation; (e) regulatory governance and corruption and state capture; (f) predictability and quality of the regulatory framework, especially corporate taxation; (g) government procurement laws and practice; (h) effective dispute settlement and grievance mechanisms; and (i) trade and customs regulations. The identified thematic areas promote connectivity and regional integration and thus are particularly relevant from the BRI perspective. Improvements along different dimensions of these thematic areas will likely enable countries in the region to gain from BRI-induced opportunities
    DOI: 10.1596/34891
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    Realizing the Blue Economy Potential in Albania (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Abstract: The objective of this study is to fill the knowledge gaps to help advance Albania's vision of the Blue Economy, in the context of the country's aim of joining the EU. The two most important sectors with this regard are fisheries and tourism. Both industries are well established and offer the highest potential return on investment when it comes to the Blue Economy and have socio-economic and cultural significance for the coastal communities. The study further extends to cover the challenges of marine plastic pollution and examine possible solutions. For the purpose of cross-sectoral planning and investment coordination, the Blue Economy Development Framework (BEDF) is introduced as a distinct theme. The analysis concludes with a menu of options to develop the marine based economic activities and ultimately accelerate the country's transition towards the Blue Economy. The study reflects Albania's specific circumstances and the opportunities arising from integrated economic development of maritime sectors, including branding a 'Blue Albania' vision that could serve as a blueprint for future innovations in these sectors. Policy and decision makers from multiple institutions representing the GoA, as well as development partners and organizations such as the European Commission, have been consulted in the course of the study preparation
    DOI: 10.1596/34892
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    Monitoring Small-Scale Cross Border Trade in Africa : Issues, Approaches, and Lessons (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Foreign Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Capital Flows Study
    Abstract: This report synthesizes the work carried out as part of a World Bank ASA (Advisory Services and Analytics) activity to identify better systems and practical strategies that countries can use for improved monitoring of small-scale cross border trade (SSCBT). Large amounts of goods are known to be traded through cross border channels in Africa, yet SSCBT is poorly counted leading to a misrepresentation of the true state of regional integration and possible misalignment of trade and development policies. The study assesses the strengths and limitations of existing SSCBT data systems in East Africa to understand the feasibility and cost effectiveness of different data collection methods. It also looks at conditions along trade corridors in other regions of Africa where SSCBT data are only starting to be monitored to identify common bottlenecks and potential solutions for improved trade data collection in different environments. The analysis draws on fieldwork carried out during July and August 2019, as well as subsequent consultations with local counterparts, including with respect to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through this work, the study aims to inform policy in countries where SSCBT is important and where the establishment of monitoring systems will be relevant and desirable. The project also contributes to discussions and negotiations on regional integration by raising the profile of SSCBT and drawing attention to the importance of addressing barriers that limit this trade. In addition to this report, findings of the ASA are also being shared with a diverse audience of policymakers, economic analysts, and civil society representatives through short policy notes, working papers, and dissemination events
    DOI: 10.1596/34884
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    Papua New Guinea High Frequency Phone Survey on COVID-19 : Results from Round 1 (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Abstract: Papua New Guinea (PNG) is the largest country in the Pacific region, and one of the most diverse countries in the world. The key development challenge in this lower-middle income country is how to translate macroeconomic gains from the resource sector into better opportunities and services for PNG's largely poor and rural populations. The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has compounded issues for an already weakening economic situation. A strong evidence base is needed to understand the socioeconomic implications of the coronavirus pandemic for Papua New Guinea. Data is needed to inform the policy response to the coronavirus crisis. To monitor and assess the socio-economic impacts of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Papua New Guinea, five rounds of High Frequency Phone Surveys (HFPS) have been planned and will be conducted quarterly. Data collection began in late June 2020. This report presents the findings from round one and concludes with a policy section to help inform an evidence-based response to Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Papua New Guinea
    DOI: 10.1596/34907
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    Solomon Islands High Frequency Phone Survey on COVID-19 : Results from Round 1 (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Abstract: The Solomon Islands is a lower middle income small island state in the Melanesian region of the Southwest Pacific. Agriculture, including logging, is central to the economy of the Solomon Islands. To protect the country from importation of Coronavirus (COVID-19) and to limit the possible spread of undiagnosed cases, beginning March 27, the government enacted a series of emergency measures under the State of Public Emergency (SoPE). Coronavirus (COVID-19) response measures, both domestically and abroad, are expected to have negative impacts on the economy and on livelihoods. A strong evidence base is needed to understand the socioeconomic implications of the coronavirus pandemic for the Solomon Islands. The objective of this survey was to measure the socioeconomic impacts of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic in the Solomon Islands, including livelihoods, food security, and public safety and security, through a high frequency mobile phone survey
    DOI: 10.1596/34908
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  • 23
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    Toyama City : Compact City Development (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: City Development Strategy
    Abstract: This case study is showcases examples where the "G20 Principles for Quality Infrastructure Investment (QII)" have been operationalized in Japan`s urban infrastructure projects. It highlights Toyama City, which is now a global role model for compact city development and reviews the city's difficult journey towards a compact city through the lens of Economic Efficiency and Infrastructure Governance, which are two of the six G20 Principles for QII. This case study sheds light on the importance of governance aspects such as alignment with the national policy, organizational commitment, and collaboration with the private sector. Furthermore, it illustrates how effective governance can lead to economic efficiency and some evidence of a compact city`s wider benefits. The implications are expected to benefit policymakers and practitioners in developing countries
    DOI: 10.1596/34816
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  • 24
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    Ghana Poverty Assessment (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Poverty Assessment
    Abstract: After the return to democracy, Ghana achieved significant economic growth and poverty reduction. However, in recent years, the rate of poverty reduction has slowed, becoming insignificant after 2012. The largest reduction in poverty, 2 percent per year, was reached from 1991-1998. Subsequently, the rate of decline fell to 1.4 percent in 1998-2005, 1.1 percent in 2005-2012, and dropped to 0.2 percent per year between 2012 and 2016. The slowdown in poverty reduction was not due to a reduction in GDP per capita growth, which peaked between 2005 and 2012 and remained high between 2012 and 2016. Rather, it was due to a drop in the rate to which economic growth translated into poverty reduction. The growth elasticity of poverty (percentage reduction in poverty associated for every one percentage change in GDP per capita) was 1.2 between 1991 and 1998 but declined to less than 0.1 between 2012 and 2016, indicating a 1 percent increase in GDP per capita led to less than 0.1 percent reduction in poverty
    DOI: 10.1596/34804
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  • 25
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    Natural Capital Accounting : Informing Policy Decisions and Management of Uganda's Natural Resources (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Abstract: The Government of Uganda has been working to establish a new system of NCA. NCA is a standardized approach to measuring and valuing natural resources. It overcomes the limitations of traditional economic measurements, such as gross domestic product (GDP), that look primarily at income and not at wealth. It provides physical and monetary information about natural capital wealth as well as income and other benefit flows. As such,NCA is already helping to inform key policies and plans in Uganda. The development of NCA in Uganda has been supported by various development partners, notably the World Bank's global program, WAVES. This paper offers an independent synthesis of Uganda's work with WAVES from 2018 to 2020. It is based on program documentation and a review of the accounts themselves, supplemented by interviews of key Ugandan officials involved in the process
    DOI: 10.1596/34811
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  • 26
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    Ethiopia Regional Poverty Report : Promoting Equitable Growth for All Regions (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Poverty Assessment
    Abstract: Ethiopia's economy has grown rapidly over the last two decades, leading to significant national poverty reduction, but there were significant differences in the pace and nature of poverty reduction across Ethiopia's eleven regions. Based on the national poverty line, poverty decreased from 46 percent in 1996 to 24 percent in 2016 nationwide. Poverty decreased in all the regions, particularly after 2005 when growth became more robust. Although regional disparities remained fairly low, regional poverty rates converged until 2011 only to begin diverging again in 2016
    DOI: 10.1596/34805
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  • 27
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    Kenya Economic Update, November 2020 : Navigating the Pandemic (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: Kenya's economy has been hit hard by COVID-19, severely affecting incomes and jobs. The economy has been exposed through the dampening effects on domestic activity of the containment measures and behavioral responses, and through trade and travel disruption (affecting key foreign currency earners such as tourism and cut flowers). Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) contracted by 0.4 percent in H1 2020 year-on-year(y/y), compared to growth of 5.4 percent in H1 of 2019. This reflects a worse-than-anticipated Q2 GDP outturn, mainly due to a sharp reduction of services sector output, especially education. As a result, the economy is projected to contract by 1.0 percent in 2020 in the baseline scenario, and by 1.5 percent in a more adverse scenario. This revision essentially adopts the adverse scenario outlined in the April 2020 update, reflecting the more severe impact of the pandemic to date than had been initially anticipated, including on the measured output of the education sector following the closure of institutions in March. The special focus topic finds that the pandemic increased poverty by 4 percentage points (or an additional 2 million poor) through serious impacts on livelihoods, by sharp decreases in incomes and employment. The unemployment rate increased sharply,approximately doubling to 10.4 percent in the second quarter as measured by the KNBS Quarterly Labor Force Survey. Many wage workers who are still employed face reduced working hours, with average hours decreasing from 50 to 38 hours per week. Almost 1 in 3 household runbusinesses are not currently operating, and between February and June average revenue from household run businesses decreased by almost 50 percent. This has exacerbated food insecurity, and elevated pain and human suffering. In response to the crisis, the government has deployed both fiscal and monetary policies to support the healthcare system, protect the most vulnerable households, and support firms to help preserve jobs,incomes and the economy's productive potential. Tax revenue dropped below target, due to the marked slowdown in economic activity, as well as tax relief as part of the government's fiscal response package. At the same time, expenditures were raised to strengthen the capacity of the healthcare system to manage infections, protect the most vulnerable households, and support businesses
    DOI: 10.1596/34819
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    Ghana : Enhancing Revenue Mobilization Through Improved Tax Compliance and Administrative Systems (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Abstract: Ghana's tax collection is low compared with other lower middle-income countries. Non-compliance of tax payments is an urgent issue in Ghana, as the government has been suffering from a widening fiscal deficit and a rising debt burden. Learning from experiences in other countries, this report proposes potential interventions that could improve tax compliance
    DOI: 10.1596/34847
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  • 29
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    Leading Schools Digitally : Evaluation of the Electronic School Planning and Budgeting System (e-RKAS) in Indonesia (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Abstract: The education system under the Ministry of Education and Culture (MoEC) in Indonesia is highly decentralized. Most school costs under MoEC are covered by fiscal transfers from the centre to provincial and district levels, some of which are earmarked for education use. One such type of transfer is school operational grants, known as Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) or school operational assistance. BOS funds are managed directly by schools, which have been delegated the autonomy to receive, plan and budget, spend, administer, and report their use. Experience has shown that many schools lack the capacity to use BOS funds effectively and efficiently to deliver better learning outcomes for students, while there have been no planning systems to manage use of BOS funds towards achieving the National Education Standards (NES) for individual schools. Under the BOS program, each school is required to conduct a School Self-Evaluation (SSE) against the NES and use the results to develop its spending plans accordingly. Every school has also been advised to develop a planning and budgeting system (Rencana Kegiatan dan Anggaran Sekolah or RKAS) to allocate and manage BOS funds. To support implementation of the RKAS, an application called the Rencana Kegiatan dan Anggaran Sekolah Berbasis Elektronik (e-RKAS or electronic school plan) has been developed. To assess the preliminary effects of introducing different e-RKAS applications on the role and behaviour of stakeholders, as well as challenges experienced during implementation, the World Bank conducted an evaluation of the e-RKAS program. This report focuses on the evaluation and impact of e-RKAS
    DOI: 10.1596/34883
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    Impacts of Climate Change on Georgia's Coastal Zone : Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Options (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Abstract: The higher-level purpose of this study is to provide information to be used to raise the ambition of Georgia's nationally determined contribution (NDCs) and to consider adaptation targets for the Black Sea coast of Georgia. The study also aims to highlight how supporting a blue economy can accelerate the implementation of adaptation measures required to reduce climate risks and contribute towards the region's socioeconomic development and environmental conservation. The methodology used in the present study consists of five main steps: define the geographic scope; review available climate change projections; identify key climate risks and vulnerabilities for coastal Georgia; assess the impact of climate change on economic sectors and infrastructure, and possible adaptation options; and prioritize initial recommendations and key climate adaptation actions. The approach used to evaluate the various impacts on coastal Georgia consisted of a qualitative analysis and expert input from international and local teams. This included an assessment of feasible adaptation options. Discussions with local experts and government agencies were also carried out in order to gain further details of vulnerable areas and evaluate both the potential for specific adaptation measures to yield economic benefits as well as the feasibility and acceptability of these options. The report is organized in six chapters. Chapter one introduces the purpose, objectives, methodology, and limitations for the study. Chapter two provides an overview of Georgia's coastal zone economic sectors, while chapter three provides an overview of Georgia's coastal climate and climate change impacts. Chapter four presents the priority risks for coastal Georgia, based on the existing cost of environmental degradation estimates and climate change projections. Chapter five discusses the impacts of climate change on Georgian coastal economic sectors, health and infrastructure, through the prism of the priority risks described in the previous chapter and presents a menu of adaptation options. Chapter six discusses the conclusions of the study and makes initial information, institutional, and investment recommendations, and key actions, including key actions required to implement climate adaptation on the ground
    DOI: 10.1596/34886
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    Spatial Finance : Challenges and Opportunities in a Changing World (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Abstract: If financial markets are to realign towards truly sustainable development the financial sector needs to differentiate commercial actors more accurately on their climate and environmental performance. A potential breakthrough to help in this challenge is the emerging field of -'Spatial Finance', the independent assessment of the location of a company's or a country's assets and infrastructure using ground data, remote sensing observations and modelled insights, offers a potentially transformative means to gain improved quantitative ESG insights. Rapid development is required if spatial finance is to deliver in the short term. In this report, authors outline a possible taxonomy and hierarchy for spatial finance, showing how discrete forms of technology, approaches and data can be considered within a single consistent framework. Using this framework, spatial finance could provide insights at differing scales for different applications from the asset-scale for project finance, to company-scale for investment, to country scale for sovereign debt. Throughout the document authors provide insights into current cutting-edge developments within the field, illustrated with case studies from practitioners and data providers, and explore potential future developments
    DOI: 10.1596/34894
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    Global Experiences from Regulatory Sandboxes (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: Regulatory sandboxes have become synonymous with fintech innovation and offer the unique benefit of providing the empirical evidence needed to substantiate decisions. This paper on Global Experiences from Regulatory Sandboxes brings together detailed lessons learned and case studies from sandboxes across the globe. Our research has identified 73 sandboxes in 57 jurisdictions. This is currently the most up-to-date resource for sandboxes available and is supplemented with an interactive database on Key data from Regulatory Sandboxes across the globe
    DOI: 10.1596/34789
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    Egypt Economic Monitor, November 2020 : From Crisis to Economic Transformation - Unlocking Egypt's Productivity and Job-Creation Potential (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic is causing the most severe global health and economic crisis in at least seven decades. In Egypt, the disruptions caused by the pandemic started in March 2020, and has since interrupted a period of macroeconomic stability, characterized by relatively high growth, improved fiscal accounts, and a comfortable level of foreign reserves. Yet, the pandemic also hit as longstanding challenges continued to persist, notably the government's elevated debt-to-GDP ratio (despite its significant reduction in recent years), sluggish revenue-mobilization and the below-potential performance of non-oil merchandise exports and non-oil FDI. The fiscal, monetary and energy sector reforms implemented in recent years, along with the emergency measures undertaken by authorities in response to the COVID-19 crisis are so far helping Egypt weather the shock. Indeed, average real growth has remained positive during FY2019/20 and foreign reserves continue to be rather ample. Nevertheless, the COVID-19 pandemic has inevitably caused job and income losses, posing additional strains on Egyptian households' livelihoods, and is thus exacerbating the long-standing challenge of job-creation in Egypt, notably in the formal private sector. The in-focus chapter of this report is therefore dedicated to the topic of jobs and economic transformation. The analysis of this chapter shows that the economic transformation process has been slow-moving in Egypt, with employment shares increasing either in low value-added sectors, or in sectors that have experienced a decline in productivity (value-added per worker). Hence, the Egyptian economy has not been able to generate high-earning jobs, at scale. Going forward, for businesses to expand and create sufficient and high-quality employment opportunities, a three-pronged approach will be necessary: (i) Sustaining macroeconomic stability and overall policy predictability whilst incentivizing domestic savings to finance investments. (ii) Getting the enabling environment right to create attractive opportunities for domestic and foreign investments. (iii) Upgrading human capital and firm capabilities to fast-track the economic transformation process in Egypt and to strengthen the country's resilience against such severe shocks
    DOI: 10.1596/34785
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    Government Financial Reporting in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Abstract: The economic shock of the coronavirus outbreak has an unprecedented impact on public finances. Governments are implementing massive fiscal packages including both budgetary and nonbudgetary measures to fight the pandemic while receipts are sharply down. Communicating the financial consequences of Coronavirus (COVID-19) to all stakeholders in a timely manner is important to create enduring broad support. Audited financial statements play a key role in building citizen trust in government. This policy note provides reflections on how governments could make use of existing systems of financial reporting during the pandemic as well as opportunities for improved financial reporting systems for the post-crisis environment. It also seeks to share insights into the impact of the pandemic on government financial performance, position, and cash flows
    DOI: 10.1596/34792
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    Creating Disability-Inclusive ID System (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Abstract: Access to identification is a vital priority. In developing countries, persons with disabilities are among those most likely to face barriers in accessing government services such as health and rehabilitation, public transportation, education, voting, financial services, and economic opportunities. For women and girls with disabilities and other persons with disabilities with intersecting identities, these barriers are multidimensional. Addressing poverty among persons with disabilities and their families requires solutions that address their differentiated and sometimes complex needs, a precondition of which is possessing official proof of identity. This report provides a model of the continuous nature of the ID lifecycle, suggesting some illustrative approaches to designing a disability-inclusive ID process at any stage in the lifecycle. The ID lifecycle comprises five phases, each allowing for disability-inclusive interventions. The five phases are: (1) planning and design; (2) outreach and engagement; (3) enrollment; (4) use of ID; (5) and monitoring and evaluation. The cycle presents examples of continuous activities which should be regularly revisited to ensure that ID systems are accessible to people with disabilities regardless of the stage of implementation of the ID system. While not exhaustive, and recognizing that country contexts differ, this cyclical model can be a useful planning tool, much like that used across the world by electoral commissions for inclusive voter registration
    DOI: 10.1596/34848
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    Thailand Manufacturing Firm Productivity Report (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Abstract: Thailand is an enduring development success story. Between the late 1960s and mid-1990s, strong and sustained economic growth propelled the country from low-income to upper-middle-income status. To achieve high-income status by 2037, the authorities will need to draw on the experiences of other upper-middle-income countries that have successfully completed the transition, as well as those that continue to struggle. The Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has severely impacted growth in Thailand, with the economy expected to contract in 2020 amid heightened uncertainty surrounding the path of the pandemic. This report focuses on the manufacturing sector builds on a framework that emphasizes the microeconomic and macroeconomic linkages of the sources of productivity growth. In line with this framework, Chapter 1 begins with an overview of Thailand's productivity dynamics at the macroeconomic level and identifies the causes of its slowing GDP growth rate.7 Chapter 2 analyzes the characteristics of Thai manufacturing firms and sub-sector productivity dynamics, revealing the drivers of firm productivity and distinguishing the relative contributions of within-firm effects, between-firm effects, and market dynamism. Chapter 3 evaluates the impact of competition on firm productivity by comparing market entry and exit indicators with price markups. Chapter 4 concludes with a set of policy recommendations designed to boost firm productivity in Thailand's manufacturing sector
    DOI: 10.1596/34882
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    Public-Private Partnerships for Investment and Delivery of Affordable Housing in Emerging Market Economies (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Urban Study
    Abstract: The role of the public sector in housing delivery in many developed economies evolved from government as builder in the post-War era in the 1950s when the government directly constructed and delivered housing to meet the daunting demand for housing, to government as enabler and regulator in the 1980s and 90s when governments retreated from direct provision but started to focus on facilitating the private sector to deliver housing effectively, and to assist the poorest segment of the population. The point of departure is the belief that housing is essentially a private good that is best provided by the market. Today, the government's role is therefore focused on Should read: (i) establishing the enabling environment for the private sector (including private individuals) to deliver housing; (ii) addressing the market failures; and (iii) avoiding and/or correcting government policy failures. However, challenges persist for low-income households to find affordable accommodation in locations that work for them. Such shortages of affordable housing are most pronounced in developing countries, which in recent decades have seen rapid urbanization and the proliferation of informal settlements, which are increasingly challenging for the public sector to address. As the private sector and public sector fail to provide adequate and affordable housing for the lower-end of the market segment at the pace and scale that is needed, governments have since the later 2000's repositioned themselves as partners, and increasingly as entrepreneurs, to catalyze - and reduce the risk for - the private sector's entry into the affordable housing markets
    DOI: 10.1596/34889
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    Women Endure COVID-19 Unequally to Men (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Abstract: The adverse impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is being disproportionately borne by women, further exacerbating the wide gender inequities in Myanmar. From food security, shortages in finances and the burden of caretaking responsibilities, women have been disproportionately affected by the secondary impacts of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Women have had to adopt more drastic measures to mitigate the impacts of the pandemic, both reactively and proactively, ranging from reducing food- and non-food consumption and borrowing money from Micro-Finance Institutions and informal money lenders. Not unexpectedly, women's greater disadvantage, limited access to support, subjection to domestic violence and structural inequalities lend themselves to their being less optimistic about the near future. The evidence surveyed is clear that women are enduring Coronavirus (COVID-19) disproportionately worse than men, both in household and firm settings and they take on the bulk of the emotional burden with regard to responsive and proactive coping mechanisms
    DOI: 10.1596/34888
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 39
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    Uganda Economic Update, 16th Edition, December 2020 : Investing in Uganda's Youth (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: Uganda's real GDP grew at 2.9 percent in FY20, less than half the 6.8 percent recorded in FY19, due to the effects of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) crisis, and is expected to grow at a similar level in FY21, but downside risks are high. Economic activity stalled during the latter part of the fiscal year due to a domestic lockdown that lasted over four months, border closures for everything but essential cargo, and the spillover effects of disruption in global demand and global supply chains due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This resulted in a sharp contraction in public investment and deceleration in private consumption, which hit the industrial and service sectors hard, particularly the informal service sector. On a calendar year basis, real GDP growth is expected to contract by up to 1 percent in 2020, compared to 7.5 percent growth in 2019, and, as a result, real per capita GDP growth is expected to contract by about 4.5 percent. Even if GDP growth rebounds strongly by 2022, the level of per capita GDP is likely to remain well below its pre-COVID trajectory. As a result of these impacts, the COVID-19 crisis is threatening to reverse some of the gains made on structural transformation and the declining poverty trend of the past decade. This transformation was characterized by a reduction in the workforce employed in on-farm agriculture and a take-off in industrial production, largely in agro-processing. However, following the COVID shock, there have already been widespread firm closures, permanent layoffs in industry and services, a rapid slowdown of activity particularly in the urban informal sector, and a movement of labor back to farming. At the same time, household incomes have fallen, which is concerning given the high levels of vulnerability to poverty, limited social safety nets, and impacts this might have on human capital development and Uganda's capacity to benefit from its demographic transition
    DOI: 10.1596/34893
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 40
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    Perceptions of Gender Disparities in Vietnam's Labor Market (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Abstract: In the context of Vietnam's impressive economic growth over the last two decades, several studies have documented gender disparities, but few have studied the underlying constraints that drive the disparities. The Vietnamese government is working to increase its support to job seekers. To help fill the knowledge gaps, this study uses three qualitative methods to understand stakeholders' views on the mechanisms underlying gender disparities in the Vietnamese labor market and related policy: (1) individual biographical interviews; (2) focus group discussions; and (3) expert interviews. This study gives particular emphasis to the context in which the gender dynamic is played out in the sphere of the labor market. It approaches gender not as naturally determined but as socially constructed, with cultural, political, religious, and ethnical concepts all influencing its meaning. The study's qualitative findings confirm that a range of gender disparities exist in Vietnam's labor market. Section one gives introduction. Section two provides information on the institutional and legal environment in Vietnam and summarizes existing findings on gender disparities in the country's labor market. Section three describes the qualitative methodologies that were used in the study, namely individual biographical interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Section four discusses the empirical findings, section five details summary of research results for the provinces of Dien Bien and Quang Nam, and section six presents conclusions and policy recommendations
    DOI: 10.1596/34895
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 41
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    Philippines Economic Update, December 2020 : Building a Resilient Recovery (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: The Philippine economy contracted by 10.0 percent, year-on-year, in the first three quarters of 2020, given the triple shock brought by the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 delivered a triple shock of a health crisis, strict containment measures, and a global recession of unprecedented scale. The sharp contraction in the second quarter was driven by the steep dive in private domestic demand, deep contraction in public investment activities, and the collapse of trade due to the impact of strict containment measures domestically and globally. Most of the country entered a more relaxed community quarantine in mid-August with a gradual opening of businesses and government operations. Yet, the economy further contracted in the third quarter, albeit a modest improvement from the peak of the outbreak. Moreover, the country was hit by a series of strong typhoons which may cause delay on the pace of the recovery as economic activities were affected in some areas. This report will feature disaster risk management (DRM) challenges the country faces and policy recommendations to strengthen its fiscal, physical, and social resilience. The severity of the recession can be explained, first and foremost, by the collapse in private consumption, as containment measures led to a fall in employment and incomes. Private consumption contracted by 8.2 percent, its worst performance on record. This was in large part due to a combination of factors that crippled domestic demand, including record-high unemployment, declining incomes (including remittances), movement restrictions that suppressed consumption, and a historic decline in consumer confidence. The deepest contraction was registered in the consumption of non-essential goods and services and those that were affected by the implementation of strict containment measures, while essential goods such as food registered small positive growth. In particular, the combination of travel restrictions and weak consumer confidence which weighed on demand, resulted in a collapse in domestic tourism expenditures, which make up a fifth of private consumption
    DOI: 10.1596/34899
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 42
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    Fukuoka City : Efficient Water Management (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Abstract: This case study showcases examples where the "G20 Principles for Quality Infrastructure Investment (QII)" have been operationalized in Japan`s urban infrastructure projects. It highlights Fukuoka City, one of the most prominent cities in Japan today. It reviews the city's efficient water management through Economic Efficiency and Infrastructure Governance, two of the six G20 Principles for QII. A key factor for the city's success was adopting life-cycle costing as an underlying principle; the city upgraded its water distribution pipe network with polyethylene sleeves for life extension and went to great length for leakage reduction. As a recent effort, the city underwent procurement reforms to improve the technical quality of public works. The implications are expected to benefit policymakers and practitioners in developing countries
    DOI: 10.1596/34815
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 43
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    Central African Republic Economic Update, October 2020 : The Central African Republic in Times of COVID-19 - Diversifying the Economy to Build Resilience and Foster Growth (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: The economy of the Central African Republic (CAR) grew at a slower pace in 2019 compared to 2018. Still, it grew at 3.1 percent, year-onyear, in 2019, above the average of regional peers (1.6 percent) and countries affected by fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV) (2.7 percent). Despite improvements in security following the signing of the peace agreement in February 2019, the economy performed worse than expected due to the collapse by about 30 percent in the production of coffee and cotton, which in turn was the result of persistent structural challenges in the agriculture sector. On the demand side, private consumption remained the main driver of economic growth, while the agriculture and services sectors drove growth on the supply side. Moreover, extreme poverty remains high and projected to affect 71 percent of the population-3.4 million people-in 2019. Inflation increased in 2019, and CEMAC's monetary policy remained on track. The tightening of monetary policy, as well as progress on implementing the new Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa's (Communaute Economique et Monetaire de l'Afrique Centrale, CEMAC) foreign exchange regulation in March 2019, contributed to a strong recovery of gross foreign assets, from 2.7 months' worth of imports in 2018 to 3.3 months in 2019. Inflation was contained at an average of 2.8 percent in 2019 as inflationary pressures from the blockade of the main trade route between Bangui and Cameroon in March abated. Fiscal stance improved, but CAR remains at high risk of debt distress. Public expenditure grew at a slower pace in 2019 than in 2018, mainly due to delays in public investments. Government revenues picked up at 18.4 percent of GDP in 2019 thanks to a significant increase in official grants. As a result, the overall fiscal situation improved in 2019, and the debt-to-GDP ratio continued to decline. However, CAR remains at high risk of debt distress, primarily due to low exports and mobilization of domestic resources
    DOI: 10.1596/34803
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 44
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    The Promise of Education in Indonesia (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Education Sector Review
    Abstract: This Indonesia Education Flagship Report examines ways to strengthen education reforms and boost the learning outcomes of all Indonesian students. It focuses on how the education system can deliver on the promise of human capital for Indonesia. The recommendations focus on protecting and building human capital by increasing the capacity, equity, and accountability for learning. The report also explores what the central government can do to make changes for the better in areas under its control and how to provide better guidance and support to provinces, districts, and schools
    DOI: 10.1596/34807
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 45
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    Monitoring COVID-19 Impacts on Households in Vietnam, Report No. 2 : Round 2 Results Snapshot (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Abstract: To monitor the social and economic effects on households during the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Bank is conducting High-Frequency Phone Surveys of Households in Vietnam. These monitoring data help generate insights on household well-being amidst this dynamic period and highlight the effects on the most vulnerable members of Vietnamese society. This note provides a snapshot of results from the 2nd of five rounds of this survey series. Fieldwork for the second round was conducted from July 27 to August 12, 2020. During the first half of 2020, COVID-19 cases in Vietnam were well contained and appeared almost eradicated. However, after 99 days without any new COVID-19 cases, the Da Nang region re-entered lockdown after the emergence of a positive case on July 25th, 2020. While round one of the survey series (in June-July 2020) was conducted after the first lockdown, round two was collected right at the beginning of this second outbreak. The timing of fieldwork should be considered when considering trends
    DOI: 10.1596/34860
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 46
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    David Busch's Nikon Z7 guide to digital photography (2019)
    San Rafael, CA : Rocky Nook
    Details
    ISBN: 9781681984667 , 1681984660
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (1 volume) , illustrations
    Edition: 1st edition.
    Keywords: Nikon digital cameras ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Photography ; Digital techniques ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Electronic books ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: David Busch's Nikon Z7 Guide to Digital Photography is your all-in-one comprehensive resource and reference for the exciting Nikon Z7 compact mirrorless camera. This ground-breaking pro/enthusiast camera is built around a 45.7 megapixel back-illuminated sensor, that offers incredible image quality, especially when coupled with a new line of ultra-sharp S-series, Z-mount lenses. The affordable FTZ adapter allows you to use more than 300 different lenses in Nikon's F-mount lineup, too. Five-axis in-body image stabilization provides up to five stops of anti-shake performance so you can hand-hold the camera at slower shutter speeds. With 493 phase-detect AF focus points, covering 90 percent of the frame, and the next-generation EXPEED 6 processing chip, the Z7 offers lightning fast focus for stills and both 4K and Full HD movie-shooting. The stunning 3.7 megapixel Quad VGA electronic viewfinder presents a crystal-clear image as you shoot. With this book in hand, you'll master all the camera's impressive features, and fine tune your camera skills as develop your creativity taking great photographs with your new Z7. Filled with detailed how-to steps and full-color illustrations, David Busch's Nikon Z7 Guide to Digital Photography covers all the camera's capabilities in depth, from taking your first photos through advanced details of setup, exposure, lens selection, lighting, and more, and relates each feature to specific photographic techniques and situations. Also included is the handy visual guide to the Z7, with close-up photos and descriptions of the camera's essential features and controls. Learn when to use each option and, more importantly, when not to use them, by following the author's recommended settings for every menu entry. With best-selling photographer and mentor David Busch as your guide, you'll quickly have full creative mastery of your camera's capabilities, whether you're shooting on the job, as an advanced enthusiast, or are just out for fun. Start building your knowledge and confidence, while bringing your vision to light with the Nikon Z7 today.
    Note: Description based on online resource; title from title page (Safari, viewed February 22, 2019)
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/9781681984667/?ar
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  • 47
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    David Busch's Nikon Z6 guide to digital photography (2019)
    San Rafael, CA : Rocky Nook
    Details
    ISBN: 9781681984704 , 1681984709
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (1 volume) , illustrations
    Edition: First edition.
    Keywords: Nikon digital cameras ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Photography ; Digital techniques ; Electronic books ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: David Busch's Nikon Z6 Guide to Digital Photography is your all-in-one comprehensive resource and reference for the exciting and affordable Nikon Z6 compact mirrorless camera. This ground-breaking enthusiast camera is built around a 24.5 megapixel sensor, that offers excellent image quality and ISO speeds from ISO 100-51200. The Z6 can be fitted with any of the new ultra-sharp S-series, Z-mount lenses, or mount a full line of Nikon's existing F-mount lenses, with the optional FTZ adapter. Five-axis in-body image stabilization provides up to five stops of anti-shake performance so you can hand-hold the camera at slower shutter speeds. With 273 phase-detect AF focus points, covering 90 percent of the frame, and the next-generation EXPEED 6 processing chip, the Z6 can shoot sports and action at up to 12 frames per second, with lightning fast focus. The Z6 can capture both 4K and Full HD movies, too. With this book in hand, you'll master all the camera's impressive features, and fine tune your camera skills as develop your creativity taking great photographs with your new Z6. Filled with detailed how-to steps and full-color illustrations, David Busch's Nikon Z6 Guide to Digital Photography covers all the camera's capabilities in depth, from taking your first photos through advanced details of setup, exposure, lens selection, lighting, and more, and relates each feature to specific photographic techniques and situations. Also included is the handy visual guide to the Z6, with close-up photos and descriptions of the camera's essential features and controls. Learn when to use each option and, more importantly, when not to use them, by following the author's recommended settings for every menu entry. With best-selling photographer and mentor David Busch as your guide, you'll quickly have full creative mastery of your camera's capabilities, whether you're shooting on the job, as an advanced enthusiast, or are just out for fun. Start building your knowledge and confidence, while bringing your vision to light with the Nikon Z6 today.
    Note: Description based on online resource; title from title page (Safari, viewed March 14, 2019)
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/9781681984704/?ar
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  • 48
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    47 things you need to know about your Canon EOS Rebel T6 : David Busch's guide to taking better pictures (2019)
    San Rafael, CA : Rocky Nook
    Details
    ISBN: 9781681984384 , 1681984385
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (1 volume) , illustrations
    Edition: 1st edition.
    Keywords: Canon digital cameras ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Photography ; Digital techniques ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Single-lens reflex cameras ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Electronic books ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: If you're a passionate photographer and eager to deploy all the creative options built into your Canon EOS Rebel T6, these 47 picture-taking principles are exactly what you need to take your work to the next level. With friendly mentor David Busch as your guide, you'll quickly learn nearly four dozen easy, useful techniques for getting the most from your camera. You'll learn: • How to Take Great Portraits with Your Rebel • Three Ways to Conquer Low Light • Secrets of Dynamic Action Shots • Key Principles for Beautiful Landscape Photographs 47 Things to Know About Your Canon EOS Rebel T6: David Busch's Guide to Taking Better Pictures teaches you how to shoot great images while mastering tools that let you freeze action (or add creative blur); use focus to place the center of attention on your subject; or add an artistic look using the T6's built-in Creative Filters and Picture Styles. In this book, which is divided into 8 chapters that include 47 lessons, photo guru David Busch teaches you exactly how to apply your camera's features imaginatively in a variety of situations. Written in the author's friendly and approachable style, and illustrated with examples that clearly show how each technique can help your photography, 47 Things to Know About Your Canon EOS Rebel T6: David Busch's Guide to Taking Better Pictures is designed to be an effective, fast, and fun way to learn how to use your camera, and use it well. Read an entire chapter, or browse topics that catch your eye one at a time, you quickly learn how to create amazing images with your Rebel.
    Note: Description based on online resource; title from title page (Safari, viewed October 4, 2018)
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/9781681984384/?ar
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  • 49
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    David Busch's Nikon D3500 guide to digital SLR photography (2019)
    San Rafael, CA : Rocky Nook
    Details
    ISBN: 9781681984780 , 1681984784
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (1 volume) , illustrations
    Edition: First edition.
    Keywords: Photography ; Digital techniques ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Nikon digital cameras ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Electronic books ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: David Busch's Nikon D3500 Guide to Digital SLR Photography is your all-in-one comprehensive resource and reference for the Nikon D3500 camera, the company's most compact and easy-to-use entry-level dSLR. Taking and sharing pictures is easier than ever, thanks to the D3500's enhanced Guide Mode and SnapBridge Bluetooth Low Energy wireless link between the D3500 and your Android or iOS smartphone or tablet.. This 24-megapixel camera offers Full HD 1080p 60 fps video, continuous shooting at up to 5 frames per second, and increased battery life of up to 1550 shots per charge. With this book in hand, you can fine tune your camera skills as you explore the world of digital photography, develop your creativity, and take great photographs with your D3500. Filled with detailed how-to steps and full-color illustrations, David Busch's Nikon D3500 Guide to Digital SLR Photography covers all the camera's features in depth, from taking your first photos through advanced details of setup, exposure, lens selection, lighting, and more, and relates each feature to specific photographic techniques and situations. Also included is the handy visual guide to the D3500, with close-up photos and descriptions of the camera's essential features and controls. Learn when to use each option and, more importantly, when not to use them, by following the author's recommended settings for every menu entry. With best-selling photographer and mentor David Busch as your guide, you'll quickly have full creative mastery of your camera's capabilities, whether you're shooting on the job, as an advanced enthusiast, or are just out for fun. Start building your knowledge and confidence, while bringing your vision to light with the Nikon D3500 today.
    Note: Description based on online resource; title from title page (viewed February 6, 2019)
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/9781681984780/?ar
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  • 50
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    David Busch's Nikon D7500 guide to digital SLR photography (2018)
    San Rafael, CA : Rocky Nook
    Details
    ISBN: 9781681983233 , 1681983230
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (1 volume) , illustrations
    Keywords: Nikon digital cameras ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Photography ; Digital techniques ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Single-lens reflex cameras ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Electronic books ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: David Busch's Nikon D7500 Guide to Digital Photography is your all-in-one comprehensive resource and reference for the Nikon D7500 camera. Built around the same 20.9 megapixel sensor as the D500, this mid-level Nikon model has BlueTooth and Wi-Fi wireless control with the SnapBridge smart phone/tablet app. A swiveling screen, 4K video, 8 fps continuous shooting, and ISO speeds up to 1.6 million make the D7500 a significant enthusiast-oriented upgrade. With this book in hand, you can fine tune your camera skills as you explore the world of digital photography, develop your creativity, and take great photographs with your D7500. Filled with detailed how-to steps and full-color illustrations, David Busch's Nikon D7500 Guide to Digital Photography covers all the camera's features in depth, from taking your first photos through advanced details of setup, exposure, lens selection, lighting, and more, and relates each feature to specific photographic techniques and situations. Also included is the handy visual guide to the D7500, with close-up photos and descriptions of the camera's essential features and controls. Learn when to use each option and, more importantly, when not to use them, by following the author's recommended settings for every menu entry. With best-selling photographer and mentor David Busch as your guide, you'll quickly have full creative mastery of your camera's capabilities, whether you're shooting on the job, as an advanced enthusiast, or are just out for fun. Start building your knowledge and confidence, while bringing your vision to light with the Nikon D7500 today.
    Note: Description based on online resource; title from title page (Safari, viewed September 18, 2017)
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/9781681983233/?ar
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  • 51
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    David Busch's Canon EOS 6D Mark II guide to digital SLR photography (2018)
    San Rafael, CA : Rocky Nook
    Details
    ISBN: 9781681983363 , 1681983362
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (1 volume) , illustrations
    Edition: 1st edition.
    Keywords: Canon digital cameras ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Photography ; Digital techniques ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Digital cameras ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Electronic books ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: David Busch's Canon EOS 6D Mark II Guide to Digital SLR Photography is your all-in-one comprehensive resource and reference for the long-awaited Canon EOS 6D Mark II camera, the company's most affordable full-frame camera. This upgraded 26.2 megapixel model features an enhanced autofocus system with 45 as many focus points as its predecessor. The Dual Pixel CMOS hybrid autofocus brings lightning-fast phase detect AF to live view and high-definition movie modes, too. The 6D Mark II has Wi-Fi/NFC connectivity to allow linking the camera to a computer and iOS or Android smart devices, and a fully articulated touch screen LCD. With this book in hand, you can quickly apply all these advanced features to your digital photography, while boosting your creativity to take great photographs with your Canon EOS 6D Mark II. Filled with detailed how-to steps and full-color illustrations, David Busch's Canon EOS 6D Mark II Guide to Digital SLR Photography covers all this upscale full-frame camera's features in depth, from taking your first photos through advanced details of setup, exposure, lens selection, lighting, and more, and relates each feature to specific photographic techniques and situations. Also included is the handy 6D Mark II "roadmap," an easy-to-use visual guide to the camera's features and controls. Learn when to use each option and, more importantly, when not to use them, by following the author's recommended settings for every menu entry. With best-selling photographer and mentor David Busch as your guide, you'll quickly have full creative mastery of your camera's capabilities, whether you're shooting on the job, as an advanced enthusiast, or are just out for fun. Start building your knowledge and confidence, while bringing your vision to light with the Canon EOS 6D Mark II today.
    Note: Description based on online resource; title from title page (Safari, viewed November 9, 2017)
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/9781681983363/?ar
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  • 52
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    David Busch's Canon EOS Rebel SL2/200D : guide to digital SLR photography (2018)
    San Rafael, CA : Rocky Nook
    Details
    ISBN: 9781681983400 , 1681983400
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (1 volume) , illustrations
    Edition: 1st edition.
    Keywords: Canon digital cameras ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Photography ; Digital techniques ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Single-lens reflex cameras ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Electronic books ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: David Busch's Canon EOS Rebel SL2/200D Guide to Digital SLR Photography is your complete all-in-one comprehensive resource and reference for the versatile Canon EOS Rebel SL2/200D. An ultra-compact 24-megapixel model aimed at budding photo enthusiasts seeking to improve their photographic skills, the SL2/200D is a budget-priced digital SLR with an impressive range of features. These include Wi-Fi/NFC/Bluetooth communications to link your camera to your iOS or Android smart device, a fully articulated touch screen, and high definition move-making capabilities. With this book in hand, the camera is remarkably easy to master, too. Even new users will quickly master the full range of semi-automatic modes, scene options, and creative filters that make this newest Rebel ready to explore the world of photography. With clear how-to steps and full-color illustrations, David Busch's Canon EOS Rebel SL2/200D Guide to Digital SLR Photography covers all the camera's capabilities in depth, from taking your first photos through advanced details of setup, exposure, lenses, lighting, and more. Also included is a handy Canon Rebel SL2/200D "roadmap," an easy-to-use visual guide to the camera's features and controls. With best-selling author and mentor David Busch as your guide, you'll be in full creative control, whether you're shooting on the job, as an advanced hobbyist, or are just out for fun. Start building your knowledge and confidence, while bringing your vision to light with the Canon EOS Rebel SL2/200D today.
    Note: Description based on online resource; title from title page (Safari, viewed January 3, 2018)
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/9781681983400/?ar
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  • 53
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    David Busch's Sony [alpha] a7 III : guide to digital photography (2018)
    San Rafael, CA : Rocky Nook
    Details
    ISBN: 9781681984148 , 1681984148
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (1 volume) , illustrations
    Edition: 1st edition.
    Keywords: Sony digital cameras ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Photography ; Digital techniques ; Electronic books ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: David Busch's Sony Alpha a7 III Guide to Digital Photography is most comprehensive resource and reference for Sony's affordable 24MP full-frame mirrorless camera. With advanced 693-point phase detect autofocus, 5-axis in-body image stabilization, 10 frames-per-second continuous shooting, and 4K video capture, the a7 III offers enthusiasts a versatile combination of advanced features. This book shows you how to master those capabilities as you explore the world of digital photography and hone your creativity with the a7 III. Filled with detailed how-to steps and full-color illustrations, David Busch's Sony Alpha a7 III Guide to Digital Photography covers every feature of this camera in depth, from taking your first photos through advanced details of setup, exposure, lens selection, lighting, and more, and relates each feature to specific photographic techniques and situations. Also included is the handy camera "roadmap," an easy-to-use visual guide to the camera's features and controls. Learn when to use every option and, more importantly, when not to use them, by following the author's recommended settings for each menu entry. With best-selling photographer and mentor David Busch as your guide, you'll quickly have full creative mastery of your camera's capabilities, whether you're shooting on the job, as an advanced enthusiast exploring full frame photography for the first time, or are just out for fun. Start building your knowledge and confidence, while bringing your vision to light with the Sony a7 III.
    Note: Title contains the Greek letter alpha. - Description based on online resource; title from title page (Safari, viewed June 25, 2018)
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/9781681984148/?ar
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    Fair progress? : economic mobility across generations around the world (2018)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464812798
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Narayan, Ambar, author Fair progress?
    DDC: 331.12/72
    Keywords: Income ; Occupational mobility ; Social mobility
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1210-1
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Coding Bootcamps for Youth Employment : Evidence from Colombia, Lebanon, and Kenya (2018)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Knowledge Economy Study
    Abstract: Coding bootcamps are intensive short-term programs designed to train participants in programming skills to make them immediately employable. They combine characteristics of traditional vocational training programs with the intensity of military bootcamps for new recruits, intermingling socio emotional and tech skills learning in an intense and experiential manner, in what could be referred to as skills accelerators. The authors refer to coding bootcamps in this report as the ready-to-work model. The initiative aims to collect and share examples and lessons of bootcamps in emerging markets, and measure the impact of bootcamp training on youth employment in selected countries. The program seeks to establish a framework of best practice for future projects in technology upskilling in the developing world. This report highlights the results of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) carried out in Medellin (Colombia), complemented with qualitative studies in Beirut (Lebanon) and Nairobi (Kenya). This report is arranged as follows: Chapter 1 starts with introduction; Chapter 2 describes the intervention in Medellin,including the experimental allocation of training slots to the bootcamp; Chapters 3 and 4 present the qualitative studies in Beirut and Nairobi; The main findings from the three interventions are presented in Chapter 5; and lessons for future impact evaluations are described in Chapter 6
    DOI: 10.1596/29742
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Climbing the Ladder : Poverty Reduction and Shared Prosperity in Vietnam (2018)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Poverty Assessment
    Abstract: Vietnam has achieved remarkable success in reducing poverty while controlling inequality. The country's broad-based growth reflects the government's focus on developing labor-intensive export sectors while investing heavily in human capital that saw the country exceed its peers. However, gains have been concentrated among the Kinh and Hoa ethnic majority, while minority groups have not only continued to experience poverty rates far above the national average, but have seen slower progress too. This report analyzes recent trends in poverty and shared prosperity. It presents the findings of the 2016 Vietnam household and living standards survey (VHLSS), highlighting important progress and identifying new challenges. The report is organized into two main sections. The first section reviews Vietnam's progress in reducing poverty and promoting share prosperity. It describes updated poverty and shared prosperity trends, the nature of economic mobility, and the drivers of poverty reduction. The second section - titled leaving no one behind is more forward-looking, starting by identifying major constraints faced by the poor, then proceeding to lay out challenges for moving the poverty and shared prosperity agenda going forward
    DOI: 10.1596/29684
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Bangladesh Skills for Tomorrow's Jobs : Preparing Youth for a Fast-Changing Economy (2018)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Abstract: The skills for tomorrow's Jobs in Bangladesh attempts to address key skills challenges and identifyopportunities in the backdrop of fast technological and economic changes. It proposes mid to long-term strategic policy options that would contribute to economic growth and job creation in Bangladesh with a focus on post-secondary education and skills development sectors. It aims to inform the Government and the World Bank's jobs agenda. The study draws upon relevant literatures from international and national sources, the government's surveys and education statistics, and analytical works undertaken by the World Bank and other agencies. Moreover, the study was extensively informed and guided by knowledge and insights gathered through the experience from the World Bank funded operations and series of consultations on skills for future jobs with relevant stakeholders in Bangladesh
    DOI: 10.1596/29680
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Bangladesh Development Update, April 2018 : Building on Resilience (2018)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: Industrial production and services growth remained resilient. Inflation has accelerated, primarily due to supply shocks. Monetary policy has been accommodative. Financial sector vulnerability is rising. With a tightening of prudential controls, lending rates are back to double digits. Despite significant recovery in both exports and remittances, the current account deficit widened sharply, driven by a surge in imports. The overall balance of payments swung into deficit for the first time since FY11. Consequently, the exchange rate has depreciated. Interventions to smoothen exchange rate adjustments have eroded foreign exchange reserves. The fiscal deficit has been contained as weak revenue growth was counterbalanced by even weaker growth in expenditures. GDP growth is projected in the 6.5-7 percent range in the medium-term, while macro stability will require heightened vigilance. Poverty reduction has continued but slowed. The amount of poverty reduction achieved by each percent of growth fell by a third. Extreme poverty is projected to fall modestly to 11-12 percent in the medium-term. Downside risks center on the solvency of banks and the run-up to elections elevating instability and policy uncertainty. Going forward, investment and innovation enabling reforms will be key to accelerating development progress
    DOI: 10.1596/29678
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Re-Mapping Opportunity : Making Best Use of the Economic Potential of Russia's Regions (2018)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Abstract: In order to understand a country as large and diverse as Russia, it is extremely important to consider spatial patterns of economic development. As Russia looks for new drivers of economic growth, it is important to understand the structural conditions that have defined economic development in Russia's regions. This report uses the Economic Potential Index (EPI) methodology to identify the conditions that drive regional development. Economic potential is the level of productivity that is possible for a region to achieve given its structural endowments, which are characteristics that are hard to alter in the short run. The methodology used in this report combines quantitative analysis of drivers of productivity across regions with in-depth case studies that focus on the role of regional governments and institutions in converting endowments into economic outcomes. This methodology generates insights that are relevant for both national and regional governments. The first chapter of this report provides an overview of regional development in Russia over the last 25 years and identifies "Russia-specific" national structural conditions that may affect regional development. The second chapter discusses the results of an assessment of economic potential at the regional level and the factors that shape it in Russia. The third chapter focuses on the role of national and regional governance, policy, and institutions in promoting economic development of the regions. The final chapter proposes policy priorities for both regional and national authorities
    DOI: 10.1596/29732
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 60
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    Moving for prosperity : global migration and labor markets (2018)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464812828
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research report
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Moving for prosperity: global migration and labor markets
    DDC: 331.6/2
    Keywords: Emigration and immigration Economic aspects ; Emigration and immigration Government policy ; Foreign workers ; Labor market ; Labor mobility
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1281-1
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    South Africa Economic Update, No. 11 : Jobs and Inequality (2018)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: This report reviews South Africa's recent economic and social developments. It underlines that South Africa's current economic rebound may not be sustained if the fundamental factors undermining its growth potential are not boldly addressed. This includes in particular income inequality, which fuels resource contestation, policy uncertainty and scare private investors of seeing their investments overly taxed and expropriated. Nevertheless, inequalities are increasingly driven by labor markets developments, as opposed to race or location of origin. Policy actions could accelerate a projected decline in inequalities resulting from greater access to education. Using a dynamic computable general equilibrium, the report simulates a number of policy scenarios until 2030. Simulation results suggests that continuing to address corruption, restoring policy certainty in mining, improving the competitiveness of strategic state-owned enterprises, further exposing South Africa's large conglomerates to foreign competition, and facilitating skilled immigration would raise labor demand and create the fiscal space needed to eventually build labor supply from the poor population through education and spatial integration reforms. By 2030, extreme poverty could be almost eradicated and inequalities significantly reduced. And as inequalities decline, the social contract would strengthen and likely encourage further private investment - a possibility not captured in the simulations
    DOI: 10.1596/29677
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Business Unusual : Accelerating Progress Towards Universal Health Coverage (2018)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Abstract: At present rates, the global 2030 Universal Health Coverage (UHC) targets under the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals will not be met. Urgent action is needed to speed progress in the two dimensions of UHC, health service coverage and financial protection, and to ensure that no one is left behind. What can be done? First, countries can learn from past experience. This report identifies a set of factors common among countries that made outstanding progress on selected service coverage and financial protection indicators between 2000 and 2015. By adapting proven approaches to their own settings, and by addressing stubborn implementation bottlenecks, countries can accelerate progress towards UHC. Second, even as they benefit from models of success, countries must prepare to manage deeper health system transformation now on the horizon. Spurred by economic, technological, demographic, and epidemiologic forces, these transformations will reshape the landscape in which countries pursue their 2030 UHC goals, creating new risks but also opportunities
    DOI: 10.1596/29730
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Senegal Economic Update, April 2018 : Recent Growth Drivers in Senegal, and the Role of Agriculture in Developing a Resilient and Inclusive Economy (2018)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: The Economic Update (SEU) evaluates the recent (2016-17) growth performance and macroeconomic policies in Senegal, thus providing a basis for the policy dialog with the Government and other stakeholders. The first section of the Economic Update evaluates the drivers of growth and the macroeconomic framework. Three-year perspectives are also included, underlining risks and challenges. The second section evaluates the agricultural sector in more detail focusing on the recent evolution of the agriculture sector and on the impact of public sector involvement
    DOI: 10.1596/29724
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Philippines Economic Update, April 2018 : Investing in the Future (2018)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: In 2017, the Philippines was among the top three growth performers in the East Asia region. Only Vietnam and China performed better. The Philippines growth performance slightly weakened in 2017 to 6.7 percent year-on-year from 6.9 percent in 2016. Growth was anchored in strong exports, while investment growth significantly slowed and consumption growth moderated. The Philippines' annual exports rose sharply in 2017 and became the main engine of economic growth, while imports continued to grow by double-digits. Investment growth slowed in 2017, following two consecutive years of rapid expansion, and climbing inflation slowed real wage growth and contributed to a moderation in private consumption growth
    DOI: 10.1596/29725
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Water Scarce Cities : Thriving in a Finite World (2018)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Water Papers
    Abstract: The report is an advocacy piece to raise awareness around the need to shift the typical way urban water has been managed and to share emerging principles and solutions that may improve urban water supply security in water scarce cities. It aims to promote successes, outline challenges and principles, and extract key lessons learned for future efforts. It builds on the experiences of over 20 water scarce cities and territories from five continents, which represent a diversity of situations and development levels. This report argues that WSS service providers, policy makers, and practitioners should look at their mandate and responsibilities in a new light, and seek to embrace integrated water resources management considerations. Drawing from successful experiences from around the world, it extracts several underlying management principles applied by effective utilities. The report then aims to demystify solutions to address urban water scarcity, comparing and contrasting related institutional, technological, economic and social aspects. It then concludes with cross-cutting considerations relevant to planners, water operators and policy makers of water scarce cities
    DOI: 10.1596/29623
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    David Busch's Sony alpha a7R III : guide to digital photography (2018)
    San Rafeal, CA : Rocky Nook
    Details
    ISBN: 9781681983813 , 1681983818
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (1 volume) , illustrations
    Edition: 1st edition.
    Keywords: Sony digital cameras ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Photography ; Digital techniques ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Electronic books ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: David Busch's Sony Alpha a7R III Guide to Digital Photography is most comprehensive resource and reference for Sony's high-speed, high-resolution full frame mirrorless camera. Capable of 10 frame-per-second bursts even at 42 megapixels, the a7R III is fast enough for sports photography with the image quality that the most demanding landscape photographer demands. Coupled with remarkable low-light performance, fast sensor-based phase detect autofocus, and improved 5-axis in-body image stabilization, it gives you all the tools needed to take incredible images. This book will show you how to master those features as you explore the world of digital photography and hone your creativity with your a7R III. Filled with detailed how-to steps and full-color illustrations, David Busch's Sony Alpha a7R III Guide to Digital Photography covers every feature of this camera in depth, from taking your first photos through advanced details of setup, exposure, lens selection, lighting, and more, and relates each feature to specific photographic techniques and situations. Also included is the handy camera "roadmap," an easy-to-use visual guide to the camera's features and controls. Learn when to use every option and, more importantly, when not to use them, by following the author's recommended settings for each menu entry. With best-selling photographer and mentor David Busch as your guide, you'll quickly have full creative mastery of your camera's capabilities, whether you're shooting on the job, as an advanced enthusiast exploring full frame photography for the first time, or are just out for fun. Start building your knowledge and confidence, while bringing your vision to light with the Sony a7R III.
    Note: Description based on online resource; title from title page (Safari, viewed November 30, 2018)
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/9781681983813/?ar
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    David Busch's Nikon D850 guide to digital SLR photography (2018)
    San Rafael, CA : Rocky Nook
    Details
    ISBN: 9781681983684 , 1681983680
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (1 volume) , illustrations
    Keywords: Nikon digital cameras ; Amateurs' manuals ; Single-lens reflex cameras ; Amateurs' manuals ; Photography ; Digital techniques ; Amateurs' manuals ; Electronic books ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: David Busch's Nikon D850 Guide to Digital SLR Photography is your all-in-one comprehensive resource and reference for the feature-packed Nikon D850 camera. Built around a ground-breaking 45.7 megapixel back-illuminated sensor, this pro/enthusiast model offers incredible image quality and high ISO performance, along with 4K movie shooting capabilities. With continuous shooting up to 9 fps with optional battery grip, the Nikon D850 is one of the most versatile cameras the company has ever offered. With this book in hand, you master all the camera's impressive features, and fine tune your skills as you develop your creativity taking great photographs with your D850. Filled with detailed how-to steps and full-color illustrations, David Busch's Nikon D850 Guide to Digital SLR Photography covers all the camera's capabilities in depth, from taking your first photos through advanced details of setup, exposure, lens selection, lighting, and more. It relates each feature to specific photographic techniques and situations. Also included is a handy visual guide to the D850, with close-up photos and descriptions of the camera's essential features and controls. Learn when to use each option and, more importantly, when not to use them, by following the author's recommended settings for every menu entry. With best-selling photographer and mentor David Busch as your guide, you'll quickly have full creative mastery of your camera's capabilities, whether you're shooting on the job, as an advanced enthusiast, or are just out for fun. Start building your knowledge and confidence, while bringing your vision to light with the Nikon D850 today.
    Note: Description based on online resource; title from title page (viewed January 31, 2018)
    URL: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/-/9781681983684/?ar
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    Comoros Public Expenditure and Fiscal Management Review (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The objective of the Comoros public expenditure and fiscal management review is to assist the Government of Comoros in strengthening the basis for the management of its public expenditure program. The review takes stock of expenditure trends and the systems governing public spending, with an emphasis on strengthening fiscal sustainability, budget credibility and strengthening fiscal management in the electricity and service delivery sectors
    DOI: 10.1596/28609
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Analysis of INDC Land-Use TargetsBrazil's INDC Restoration and Reforestation Target (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Brazil has 12 percent of the global forest area, being the second largest forest area in the world (4,935,380 km2).Robust efforts by multiple government agencies have contributed to the reduction of annual deforestation rates in the Amazon by nearly 80 percent since 2004, to the lowest levels recorded since annual recordkeeping began in the late 1980s.The Native Vegetation Protection Law (NVPL), or Forest Code, created in 1934 and last modified in 2012, was established to protect natural vegetation in forest and non-forest biomes, conserve biological diversity, protect water resources, and prevent soil erosion on private lands. The law established Areas of Permanent Protection (APP), and stipulates a minimum proportion of native vegetation to be conserved as a Legal Reserve. APPs are mandatory on hilltops, steep slopes, coastal shrublands, mangroves, wetlands, around springs, and along watercourses and reservoirs.The legal mandate to reforest or recover natural non-forest vegetation in Brazil is closely aligned with several international conventions and commitments focusing on biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation, especially the Aichi Target 15 of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD),and national climate mitigation commitments under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Land-use targets are an important component of Brazil's Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) under the recent (2015) Paris agreement under the UNFCCC.Recovery of forest vegetation provides many social, economic, and environmental benefits, even if all of the qualities and components of the original forests are ultimately not restored.A major economic benefit of forest restoration is the development of supply chains for tree-planting activities and plantation maintenance, which generates employment and business opportunities.Forest restoration also provides increased protection (insurance) against flooding, landslides and other extreme climate events, with incalculable benefits for human life and wellbeing
    DOI: 10.1596/28588
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Country Partnership Framework for the Republic of Turkey for the Period FY18-FY21 (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Turkey covers the period FY18-21. It is aligned with the objectives of Turkey's 10th Development Plan and is based on the findings of a World Bank Group (WBG) Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) that was finalized in February 2017. The CPF aims to help Turkey to achieve its development objectives through building on the foundations of the existing program and consolidating gains in key areas where the WBG is already active, as well as developing the program further in areas which target the WBG twin goals of reducing extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity. The CPF puts forward a flexible approach for the WBG's program that is appropriate for a middle-income country of Turkey's size and takes account of the evolving country and regional situation
    DOI: 10.1596/28390
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 71
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    Social Exclusion and Inclusion in Georgia : A Country Social Analysis (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Georgia has an impressive record of reforms and is on a steady track of poverty reduction, butensuring that of its all citizens can equally benefit from and contribute to its development remains a challenge. This study focuses on one particular aspect of Georgia's path to inclusive growth: social inclusion. It uses the concepts of social inclusion and exclusion to help understand why some members of society may be consistently left behind from the development process, and to provide insights into policies that can have a transformational impact on the situation of systematically disadvantaged groups and individuals. Social exclusion implies that certain members of society, due to their social or cultural identity, may face complex barriers and, due to them, have persistently lower outcomes e.g., access to quality education, health, employment, and income relative to the rest of society, thus not achieving their full potential
    DOI: 10.1596/28317
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Philippines Mindanao Jobs Report : A Strategy for Mindanao Regional Development (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: General Economy, Macroeconomics, and Growth Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report adds value because its inclusive approach of engaging with a broad-based group of stakeholders at the time of both analysis and engagement has served a means of building support for needed reforms. The goal was to generate ownership among Mindanawons through consultations which were guided by mostly local technical experts. For the analysis, the World Bank partnered with leading universities, think tanks, experts, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Some 90 percent of the extended team came from within Mindanao, and they contributed more than 40 background papers. The study's inclusive approach was to listen intently to government, business, labor, civil society, and vulnerable groups who are often left out in the engagement process, such as indigenous people, Moro women, out-of-school youth, combatants, and internally displaced people. From January 2015 to June 2016, some 1,500 stakeholders were consulted. Finally, 10 eminent individuals with government, business, labor, and civil society experience provided strategic advice to the report team. Finally, building on the dialogue with the Philippine government and stakeholders in Mindanao, this report proposes a strategy for regional development in Mindanao. The three main components are to (1) raise agricultural productivity and improve farm-to-market connectivity; (2) boost human development; and (3) address drivers of conflict and fragility and strengthen institutions in ARMM and conflict-affected areas. The World Bank engagement for Mindanao will be based on this strategy. Policy recommendations are made in four separate categories: (1) increasing agricultural productivity by improving extension and irrigation services, along with price reforms to realize Mindanao's agriculture potential; (2) building up logistics and transport connectivity by improving road networks and the efficiency of shipping services to reduce trade costs; (3) improving the supply of reliable power and the speed, affordability ,and quality of information and communications technology (ICT) services by fostering competition; and (4) supporting private investment by addressing the growing skills gap, the high regulatory burden for businesses, and by improving financial inclusion and the governance of land. A separate section considers economic policy measures to support the resolution of Mindanao's longstanding violent conflicts
    DOI: 10.1596/28291
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 73
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    Linking Up : Public-Private Partnerships in Power Transmission in Africa (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The 'Linking up: Public-Private Partnerships in Power Transmission in Africa' report examines private sector-led investments in transmission globally and how this approach is applicable in sub-Saharan Africa. The private sector has invested over US
    DOI: 10.1596/27807
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Social Enterprise Ecosystems in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Countries (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The study analyzes the SE landscape and related ecosystem of seven SAARC countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The scope of this study is limited to three sectors that are significant for SEs: (a) Agri-business, (b) Healthcare and (c) Renewable Energy. The study covers mapping and evaluation of organized SE activity (government recognized legal structure) within each sector. The selection of the basic services was done based on priorities of WB Systematic Country Diagnostics and various multi-stakeholders consutations.This report attempts to bridge the information gap for the SE ecosystem in the SAARC region excluding India. While analyzing the SE landscape and ecosystem in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries, this report aims to provide insights to various stakeholders to design initiatives for deeper assessment of the priority sectors and segments for promoting social entrepreneurship across these countries
    DOI: 10.1596/27749
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 75
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    Do Labor Markets Limit the Inclusiveness of Growth in the Dominican Republic? (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The strong economic growth enjoyed by the Dominican Republic following its 2003 domestic crisis was not matched by similarly substantial progress in poverty reduction. While labor productivity grew by an estimated 39 percent between 2000 and 2013, real wages fell with the crisis in 2003/04, and, in 2013, remained below their pre-crisis level. This report presents an assessment of factors related to the functioning of the labor markets that constrained more inclusive growth in the Dominican Republic. It explores several hypotheses related to labor supply factors, job creation, and global trends in returns to labor, as well as issues with statistical measurements that contribute to explain the weak relationship observed between growth and poverty reduction. The analysis finds that growth appears to have been driven by productivity increases rather than by increases in labor inputs. At the same time, low-skilled workers became increasingly concentrated in low-quality jobs and in sectors that saw low productivity growth, a trend enhanced by the loss of manufacturing jobs since 2000. Low rates of labor force participation, particularly among the poor, further limited the ability of households to benefit from growth
    DOI: 10.1596/27681
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  • 76
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    Philippines Urbanization Review : Fostering Competitive, Sustainable and Inclusive Cities (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Urban Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Urbanization is a driving force for growth and poverty reduction. Globally, over 80 percent of economic activity is concentrated in cities, and cities are essential for lifting millions of people out of poverty through the opportunities that density and agglomeration can bring with jobs, services, and innovation. However, if not carefully managed and planned for, the benefits of urbanization are not realized and can result in congestion, slums, pollution, inequality and crime. City competitiveness is an important part of successful urbanization. A competitive city facilitates its firms and industries to create jobs, raise productivity, and increase the incomes of citizens over time. At the same time, it is not possible to achieve these objectives without strong institutions, social inclusion, resilience, and environmental sustainability. All of these elements are important to harnessing the benefits of urbanization and must be enabled by both national and local governments. Chapter one of the report provides an introduction to urbanization in the Philippines. Chapter two covers analysis of urbanization and growth in the Philippines, Chapter three focuses on city competitiveness for economic development and job creation, chapter four provides an analysis of urban poverty with a particularly focus on informal settler families (ISFs) in Metro Manila, chapter five outlines the key binding constraints related to institutions for urban development and metropolitan governance; and chapter six covers constraints related to land administration and management in urban areas. Each chapter includes a framework for analysis, identification and assessment of key issues, and provides recommendations for the Government of the Philippines to consider. Important topics related to environmental sustainability and resilience are included as a cross cutting issue as they relate to urban planning and land management, but not covered in depth as they have been addressed in other World Bank reports. The full study is summarized below. Background technical papers for each section have also been prepared and cover much more analysis and detail. These are available as a companion to this policy report
    DOI: 10.1596/27667
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  • 77
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    Establishing a Legal Framework for Sovereign Sukuk Issuance : A Public Debt Management Perspective (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: A strong legal framework that forms the basis for the activities of debt managers is crucial for enabling an effective public debt management function. This paper aims to complement discussions on the legal foundations of debt management by detecting and discussing essential elements that allow the government to issue sukuk, the equivalent of bonds, in Islamic finance. Drawing on the cases of recent sovereign issuers, these discussions begin with outlining the clear provision of a mandate to issue and to employ certain public assets in the execution of underlying transactions, as well to establish, engage with, and administer Special Purpose Vehicles used in structuring these issuances. Additional aspects that need to be addressed are the treatment of proceeds and the assurance of investors with regards to debt service. The enabling environment should be complemented by changes in the taxation regime and financial market regulations that facilitate the issuances
    DOI: 10.1596/27536
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  • 78
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    Fiscal Consolidation to Accelerate Growth and Support Inclusive Development : Ghana Public Expenditure Review (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Ghana has experienced an extended period of robust growth since the early 2000s, supported by a favorable external environment and large investment inflows, particularly in the extractive industries. In 2011, as the start of oil production drove a surge in per capita income, Ghana graduated from low-income to lower-middle-income status. Despite the key role of the extractive industries, recent growth has been relatively inclusive, and Ghana achieved its Millennium Development Goal of halving the poverty rate by 2015. However, macroeconomic conditions have deteriorated since 2012, giving rise to substantial domestic and external imbalances. Although external shocks have underscored Ghana's vulnerability to global commodity and financial markets, the recurring nature of its imbalances reflects deeper structural deficiencies in its macroeconomic policies and public financial management (PFM) framework. A heavy focus on commodity exports has accelerated Ghana's recent growth, but the country's economic outlook increasingly hinges on a narrow range of volatile commodity prices
    DOI: 10.1596/27558
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  • 79
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    India Development Update, May 2017 : Unlocking Women's Potential (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: India has among the lowest female labor force participation rates (LFPRs) in the world. In particular, low female LFPR is a drag on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth and an obstacle towards reaching a higher growth path. Women are also an untapped source of managerial and entrepreneurial skills. By excluding women, the pool of such talent becomes shallower and growth suffers. If the overall lack of jobs, especially regular salaried jobs, plays a large role in India's female LFPR, only a combination of gender-targeted and broader policies towards formal job creation can sustainably raise female LFPR and accelerate India's GDP growth and broader social development. Policies that promote job creation in women-friendly sectors such as apparel, or that help fast-growing modern service sectors absorb more educated women workers would be particularly helpful
    DOI: 10.1596/27545
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  • 80
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    Afghanistan Development Update, May 2017 (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Afghanistan Development Update, which is published twice a year, provides a comprehensive report of the state of the Afghan economy. It covers recent economic developments and outlines the medium-term outlook for Afghanistan. Afghanistan. Each edition includes a section that provides in-depth analysis on one or more specific focus topics. The lack of high-frequency data in Afghanistan makes it difficult to track economic activities on a monthly or quarterly basis. Thus, proxy indicators are utilized when their quality is deemed satisfactory. Efforts are made to ensure that key analysis and forecasts are based primarily on reliable sets of data. The Afghanistan Development Update is intended for a wide audience, including policy makers, the donor community, the private sector, the community of analysts and professionals engaged in monitoring the economy and Afghanistan's citizens at large. In this issue of the Update, the Focus Section discusses how economic stimulus can be provided in Afghanistan's resource-constrained environment. In the context of the economic slowdown, Afghanistan faces the difficult dilemma of balancing measures to stimulate the economy while at the same time avoiding a further weakening of its fiscal position. The fiscal space is already extremely limited, with no room to increase public expenditure or to lower taxes. Thus, the Government must implement initiatives to maximize the growth impact of fiscal expenditure. First, policies to encourage government spending on non-tradable goods from local suppliers will ensure that demand taps domestic production, rather than imports. Second, policies to improve absorptive capacity will increase the quality, speed of execution and value for money of public investments. Third, policies to promote contestable markets in banking and construction will stimulate the entry of small and medium-sized firms in both sectors. Fourth, polices to increase fiscal space should include measures to improve revenue mobilization and to use existing resources more effectively, which will release additional resources
    DOI: 10.1596/27550
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  • 81
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    The Republic of Seychelles Systematic Country Diagnostic (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Seychelles Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) aims to identify the most pressing constraints to inclusive, sustained growth in Seychelles, based on a comprehensive search for, and analysis of, evidence. The SCD is presented using a slide deck which lays out the analysis and results. This document provides a brief overview of the approach taken, and sets the stage for the SCD. It also provides additional information: six selected supplementary topical notes, and annexes (data diagnostic, summary of consultations, and sources). The framework adopted by the SCD takes as its starting point that Seychelles is a successful, high-income, small island state. The country now seeks to secure the sustainability of its development progress to date, to accelerate this progress, and to address a high level of public concern being reflected in political discourse over disparities in incomes and opportunities. The SCD examines Seychelles' economic growth characteristics, the characteristics of poverty and income distribution (inclusion), and the risks to environmental, social and macroeconomic sustainability. The approach is systematic in that it attempts to be as comprehensive as possible, within the constraints of the available data, by harnessing the existing evidence and conducting new analysis where feasible, informed by consultations. Finally, the SCD sorts the 13 constraints identified into five top priorities, five additional priorities, and a further three areas which should be considered for priority action, subject to confirmation from additional analysis ('likely priorities'). This prioritization was based on an assessment of how important each constraint was, directly, to meeting the relevant challenge, indirectly, through its potential impact in helping to loosen other constraints (complementarity), the strength of the evidence base on the importance of the constraint, and, finally, the attainability of addressing the constraint (reflecting factors such as cost, technical difficulty and timeframe)
    DOI: 10.1596/27559
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    Nicaragua Paving the Way to Faster Growth and Inclusion : Systematic Country Diagnostic (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Nicaragua remains one of the poorest countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). About 30 percent of the population lived below the official poverty line in 2014, and eight percent were considered extremely poor. GDP per capita stood at about USD 2,087 in 2015, the second lowest in LAC after Haiti. Access to basic services, such as electricity and water and sanitation, is low and largely unequal. Other key social indicators, including access to education, completion rates, and teenage pregnancy, also lag behind the regional average. Since the country's democratic transition in the early 1990s, Nicaragua has undergone a solid economic recovery from a very low base, due to three main factors. These include i) improved macroeconomic management and debt relief; ii) reforms aiming at transforming Nicaragua back into a market economy; and iii) demographic change. As a result, real GDP growth averaged about 4 percent between 1994 and 2015
    DOI: 10.1596/27560
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    The Performance of Palestinian Local Governments : An Assessment of Service Delivery Outcomes and Performance Drivers in West Bank and Gaza (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Institutional and Governance Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Palestinian local governments represent a key pillar of the future Palestinian state. Predating the Palestinian Authority, many have long and proud histories, including some of the oldest inhabited cities in the world. With increasing political and geographical fragmentation over the last two decades, Local Government Units (LGUs) have become of paramount importance regarding the provision of services to the local population, particularly in areas where the relatively young central government is politically, geographically, and fiscally constrained. Some existing LGUs were created as early as the second half of the 19th century, and over the decades, they have performed under the complexities of disparate political and legal regimes. As the lowest level of governance, Palestinian local authorities fulfill a critical role, not only as a key public service provider but also as the government tier closest to citizens, with elected councils critical for representation and accountability to citizens. The most recent local elections were on May 13, 3017, and in October 2012, only in the West Bank; following the most recent local elections in both the West Bank and Gaza in 2006. Strengthening LGUs and enabling them to perform as fully functional local governments accountable to citizens are key priorities for the Palestinian Authority
    DOI: 10.1596/27518
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  • 84
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    Zimbabwe Economic Update, June 2017 : The State in the Economy (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Zimbabwe's economy grew by 0.7 percent in 2016 despite the combined effect of the El Nino drought and domestic financial turmoil. The drought reduced agricultural output and increased food prices towards the end of the year, despite the government's efforts to boost production and stabilize prices. The public provision of agricultural inputs, the creation of food-for-work programs, and the establishment of price supports for staple foods accentuated the government's expansionary fiscal-policy stance. Meanwhile, the government also increased spending on a cash basis to clear domestic arrears. The authorities financed much of the widening fiscal deficit by issuing Treasury bills purchased by commercial banks and a US
    DOI: 10.1596/27474
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  • 85
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    Country Partnership Framework for Belize for the Period FY18-22 (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Belize covers the period from July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2022 (FY18-22). It presents the World Bank Group's (WBG) program and the anticipated results framework. It builds on the results and lessons of Belize's first Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) that covered the period FY12-15. This CPF is well aligned with the Government's long-term development vision, Horizon 2030: National Development Framework 2010-2030, and the thematic priorities emerging from the 2016 Belize Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD). The overarching goal of the proposed CPF is to support Belize in strengthening its economic resilience. Recognizing the special characteristics of a small state with associated capacity and absorptive constraints, the CPF proposes a consolidated and focused program. This will be the second full strategy for Belize, with the engagement still maturing, and it factors in lessons from the implementation of the first strategy. Therefore, the CPF will retain flexibility in some elements of the engagement that will be further defined with the Government during implementation. The Performance and Learning Review (PLR) at mid-point will incorporate necessary adjustments including in the Results Framework. The CPF is organized around two focus areas: (a) fostering climate resilience and environmental sustainability; and (b) promoting Financial Inclusion and social resilience. To support these focus areas, the CPF envisages the implementation of a program that could reach up to US
    DOI: 10.1596/27145
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    The Republic of Chile Systematic Country Diagnostic : Transitioning to a Prosperous Society (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Three key characteristics help shed light on Chile's development performance. First, strong institutions and sound macroeconomic policies have contributed to long-term economic growth. Second, market-oriented policies have boosted growth through productivity-enhancing reforms and helped improve the design of public services and social policy. Third, as the world's biggest copper producer and exporter, Chile is characterized by commodity dependence. These characteristics have helped the government achieve an average annual growth rate of almost 5 percent over the last 30 years, while reducing the poverty rate to less than 8 percent. Chile's middle class is one of the largest in Latin America; yet, inequality remains substantial. Economic development has led to a steep increase in life expectancy and a decline in fertility rates. Indeed, though relatively less than other countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Chile is advanced in the demographic transition, which pose important challenges to economic growth and labor productivity
    DOI: 10.1596/27150
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  • 87
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    Modernization of Japan's Hydromet Services : A Report on Lessons Learned for Disaster Risk Management (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: It is clear that disasters from natural hazards are having extensive impacts on vulnerable communities and the economies of many nations. Japan's comprehensive multi-hazard approach covering weather, climate, ocean-related, and terrestrial services has been applied and developed through numerous experiences of disastrous events, such as the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, strong typhoon landfalls, and volcanic eruptions. This summary report aims to provide a knowledge base for policy and decision makers that will allow governments and sponsor organizations to understand the fundamental operations of weather, climate, and hydrological services (together constituting Hydromet services) and consequently target effective funding, in particular to developing countries. It summarizes two detailed and comprehensive supporting reports: (i) a background paper by the Japan Meteorological Business Support Center (JMBSC) on meteorological services; and (ii) a background paper by the Foundation of River and Basin Integrated Communications, Japan (FRICS), on hydrology and water resources. The Japanese model of hydromet services outlined in this summary report and the background papers is an excellent example of a modern service with strong government involvement and institutional governance built up over decades, comprehensive infrastructure, and sound and advanced service delivery. This paper is arranged as follows: (a) Section 2 explains the key historical phases of modernization of each service (as described in the background papers), which led to the current integrated modern service provided for the public good; and (b) Section 3, concludes with a synthesis of the key elements of the Japanese experience understood as a model for countries undertaking modernization, and discusses possible implications for developing countries
    DOI: 10.1596/26706
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  • 88
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    Poverty Reduction, Shared Prosperity and Inequality in FYR Macedonia in the Post Financial Crisis Period (2009-2013) (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: FYR Macedonia has experienced a decline in poverty in the post global financial crisis period (2009-2013) in spite of a weak macroeconomic performance. In contrast to the pre-crisis period when growth was robust but poverty stagnant, poverty indicators indicate an improvement on the living conditions of the bottom of the distribution. Employment gains were the main reason for the increase in welfare among the less well-off, while other income sources like pensions, social assistance or remittances have played a limited role. Labor income at the bottom of the distribution continues to be very low, however, and the sustainability of the employment gains is uncertain as the public sector played an important role for employment expansion in the period. Still, FYR Macedonia faces many challenges looking forward. Despite the recent improvements, poverty and inequality is still high when compared with other countries with similar levels of GDP per capita in the region. Income-generation opportunities for the poor are limited as the poor have very weak labor market attachment, their employment quality is lower than for the rest and are more likely to be employed in low productivity sectors. Inclusive growth seem also to be challenged by the differences in access to high wage jobs for women and the youth. Demographics seem important looking forward, since they will shape future labor markets performance
    DOI: 10.1596/26649
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  • 89
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    Carbon Pricing Watch 2017 (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: State and Trends of Carbon Pricing
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The report is a one stop shop for learning about key developments and prospects of existing and emerging carbon initiatives. There is a continued momentum for carbon pricing. As of 2017, over 40 national and 25 subnational jurisdictions representing almost a quarter of global greenhouse gas emissions are putting a price on carbon. Over the past decade the number of jurisdictions with carbon pricing initiatives have doubled. On average, carbon pricing initiatives cover about half of the emissions in these jurisdictions, which translates to a total coverage of about 8 Gigatons of carbon dioxide or about 15% of global emissions (a fourfold increase over the past decade)
    DOI: 10.1596/26565
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  • 90
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    Sanitation and Water for All : Priority Actions for Sector Financing (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Water Papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The global commitment to bring universal access to safely managed water supply and sanitation by 2030 set by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) poses an unprecedented challenge. Strong political leadership will be required to bring about sector-wide changes in governance and building technical and administrative capacity at scale. This will pave the way for building, operating, and maintaining cost-effective infrastructure to supply improved and sustained services. The current model of sector finance is insufficient for reaching thee goals. Four interlinked priority actions should be taken to tackle this challenge: (1) make more efficient use of existing resources; (2) use public funds in a more targeted manner; (3) attract domestic commercial finance; and (4) focus on de-risking the sector. Through these steps, countries will be able to leverage each dollar of public funds to crowd in commercial finance, which will have significant and long-term benefits for the sector. Countries should aim to slowly and incrementally introduce commercial finance to the sector, and can ease the transition through a range of available tools
    DOI: 10.1596/26385
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  • 91
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    The Costs of Irrigation Inefficiency in Tajikistan (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Aral Sea Basin consists of the drainage area of two major rivers, the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya. The rivers originate in the Tien Shan Mountains and the Pamirs, and run through Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. An estimated 116 k
    DOI: 10.1596/26031
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  • 92
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    Financial Sector Assessment : Morocco (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: A joint International Monetary Fund (IMF)-World Bank mission visited Rabat and Casablanca in 2015, to assess the soundness and resilience of the banking system, the state of play in financial inclusion and infrastructure, the oversight frameworks for banking, capital markets and financial market infrastructures, crisis preparedness, and update the findings of the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) conducted in 2007. This report summarizes the main findings of the mission, identifies key financial sector vulnerabilities, and provides policy recommendations. This report should be read in conjunction with the Financial Sector Stability Assessment of the IMF available at https://www.imf.org/external/country/mar/index.htm
    DOI: 10.1596/26016
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  • 93
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    South Africa Economic Update, January 2017 : Private Investment for Jobs (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The first chapter of the ...
    DOI: 10.1596/25971
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  • 94
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    Madagascar Economic Update, October 2017 : Coping with Shocks (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: The World Bank is sharing the seventh edition of the Economic Update of Madagascar, which presents our analysis for the period up to the beginning of October 2017 and provides our medium-term economic outlook. Despite a challenging start due to two climatic shocks, we project growth at 4.1 percent in 2017, a continuation of the positive trend from last year. Key growth drivers in 2017 are expected to remain as services-related activities, construction works to partly support the reconstruction efforts from the natural disasters, and strong demand for Malagasy textiles from abroad. The severe drought in the first few months of the year affected agricultural activities and reduced hydroelectric power supply. Output for key staples such as rice fell, contributing to higher inflation and an increase in food imports. And in March 2017, Madagascar experienced its most severe cyclone in 13 years, where losses were estimated at USD 400 million, equivalent to approximately 4 percent of GDP
    DOI: 10.1596/28825
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  • 95
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    South Asia Economic Focus, Fall 2017 : Growth Out of the Blue (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: South Asia Economic Focus
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: For eight consecutive quarters South Asia was the fastest-growing region in the world but not anymore. Despite benign global conditions, regional growth has slowed down. This trend is the result of a deceleration in India, the region's powerhouse. Short-term disruptions related to the introduction of the landmark Goods and Services Tax can explain the steep decline observed in the last quarter, but the deceleration has been going on for more than one year. Over this period imports increased sharply while private investment declined. Behind these trends lies a combination of large public sector borrowing (especially by the states), relatively sticky interest rates despite decreasing inflation, and an increasingly stressed financial sector. While growth has slightly accelerated elsewhere in the region, concerns remain. Bangladesh has seen an increase in financial sector risks and in Pakistan macroeconomic discipline has weakened. At 6.7 percent, growth is projected to remain strong in South Asia in 2017, albeit slightly lower than forecast in June. The growth rate is expected to stabilize around 7 percent over the medium term. Consumption should remain strong and private investment should regain momentum thanks to ongoing support from infrastructure development and economic reforms. Measuring GDP is especially challenging in developing countries, where the informal sector is large and institutional constraints can be severe. As a result, GDP growth estimates are often met with skepticism. But new technologies offer an opportunity to improve matters. Luminosity observed from satellites has been shown to be a good proxy for economic activity, and methodologies have been developed in recent years to predict GDP over time and across space based on nightlight intensity. In South Asia's case, GDP predicted using these methodologies closely tracks National Accounts GDP at the aggregate level, and provides a granular picture of GDP at subnational levels. Nightlight intensity also yields new insights on recent economic developments
    DOI: 10.1596/28397
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  • 96
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    Shaping Sustainable Consumption and Production Agenda in TurkeyA Study on Economic Instruments to Support SDG 12 (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In September 2015, the 2030 agenda for sustainable development was adopted by member states of the United Nations (UN) at an historic UN summit. Sustainable consumption and production (SCP), as specifically reflected by SD goal (SDG) 12, is among the most important SDGs in the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. The Government of Turkey (GoT) is dedicated to taking action for the successful implementation of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development, it welcomes the universal and integrated nature of SDGs. The World Bank (WB) and other Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) are committed to helping national governments integrate their development agendas with the SDGs and supporting the design and use of economic instruments to ensure their effective implementation. The purpose of this report is to review Turkey's on-going efforts as well as international experience in implementing economic instruments to support SCP as specified in SDG 12, analyze the gaps, and discuss areas where Turkey may better adopt economic instruments and other incentive policies for promoting SCP in the new national development plan (NDP). The study contains six chapters. Chapter one gives introduction. Chapter two provides an overview of Turkey's involvement in the global sustainable development agenda, a summary of SDG12 and key themes of SCP. Chapter three introduces the conceptual framework on green financing, and summarizes international experience on the use of economic instruments with a focus on SCP. Chapter four explores the Turkish context of economic instruments to support SCP and reviews existing economic policies and instruments. Areas for improvement and recommendations are presented in chapter five. Chapter six provides concluding remarks
    DOI: 10.1596/28580
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 97
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    Online Resource
    Philippines Lessons Learned from Yolanda : An Assessment of the Post-Yolanda Short- and Medium-Term Recovery and Rehabilitation Interventions of the Government (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Philippines is increasingly exposed and vulnerable to natural hazards, which undermines poverty reduction and long-term growth. Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan), which struck the Philippines in 2013, is considered the strongest typhoon ever to make landfall. Typhoon Yolanda has caused over 6,300 reported fatalities and an additional 2.3 million people were estimated to have fallen below the poverty line. The total damage and loss was estimated at PHP 571.1 billion (USD 12.9 billion) hampering economic growth by about 0.9 % in 2013, and another 0.3 % in 2014. The event highlighted the following major issues on the side of government and all other non-government actors: coordination at all levels, aid transparency and accountability, systems and protocols for donations and assistance, conduct of post-disaster needs assessment, recovery planning, implementation, monitoring, and communications
    DOI: 10.1596/28540
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 98
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    Online Resource
    Mexico Financial Sector Assessment (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This financial sector assessment (FSA) summarizes the key findings and recommendations of the 2016 FSAP update report for Mexico. Mexico's economic growth has been steady and inflation remained low despite a significant depreciation of the exchange rate in the last 18 months.The medium term outlook for the Mexican economy foresees stable growth and inflation. After several years of contained growth, commercial bank credit grew by 14 percent in 2015, albeit from a very low base.Nonfinancial sector balance sheets show little sign of stress.Key risks to the macroeconomic outlook are mostly external in nature and stem from the close connection to US markets, the dependency on oil revenues, and potential resurgence of market volatility. A comprehensive financial reform was approved in November 2013 with the objective of increasing the financial sector's contribution to economic growth. The financial reform encompassed revisions to the banking law and other legislation to encourage credit expansion. This entailed a more active role of development banks in extending credit and measures to ensure that private financial institutions would channel credit to productive activities
    DOI: 10.1596/28536
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 99
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    Online Resource
    Improving Service Levels and Impact on the Poor : A Diagnostic of Water Supply, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Poverty in Indonesia (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The objective of this report is to provide an empirical basis for more inclusive and equitable service delivery in the water and sanitation sector in Indonesia. Although the GoI has established a program and strategy for achieving universal access to water supply and sanitation and zero slums (the 100-0-100 program, which aims for 100 percent access to water supply, zero urban slums, and 100 percent access to sanitation), these targets will be achieved through different service level sub-targets. For water supply, the target is for 40 percent of the population to have access to piped water and 60 percent to non-piped (in urban areas, 60 percent piped and 40 percent non-piped), whereas for sanitation, universal access is defined as 15 percent of the population having access to basic sanitation (a toilet that ensures hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact), 12.5 percent to centralized and decentralized sewerage systems, and 72.5 percent to on-site sanitation with improved fecal waste management. A poor-inclusive approach to universal access-one that improves the ability of and opportunity for the poor and vulnerable to benefit from water and sanitation services-can help to ensure that Indonesia not only achieves its service delivery targets, but that water supply and sanitation become key drivers of a reduction in inequality, enhanced health and well-being, and economic growth and prosperity. Policy recommendations are prioritized based on their expected impact on these development goals, and the strength of the evidence base for the solution proposed
    DOI: 10.1596/28505
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 100
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    Online Resource
    Tech Start-up Ecosystem in Beirut : Findings and Recommendations (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: City Development Strategy
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Technology is one of the main drivers of productivity and economic growth. Developing countries have traditionally had difficulties in both developing technology and absorbing foreign technology. However, the recent emergence of tech startups present an opportunity. Tech start-ups are an effective a mechanism to both create local technology and absorb foreign technology. The objective of this report is to provide a better understanding of the status of Beirut's start-up ecosystem and provide policy recommendations for policy makers and other stakeholders who are interested in supporting the growth and sustainability of the ecosystem. The report is based on an in-depth survey of startups and supportive stakeholders of the ecosystem. The findings point out to an early-to middle stage start-up ecosystem that has passed its nascent growth phase but is still far from maturity. Skills, supportive infrastructure, finance pipeline, and community and networks are examined and gaps are identified. Policy recommendations to tackle these gaps are presented based on international practices
    DOI: 10.1596/28458
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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