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  • 1995-1999  (654)
  • 1970-1974  (24)
  • OECD  (678)
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  • 1
    Language: English , French
    Edition: [Elektronische Ressource]
    Series Statement: OECD statistics
    Keywords: Diskette
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Associated volumes
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: Education and skills
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Reviews of national policies for education
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  • 3
    Book
    Book
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9264170421
    Language: English
    Pages: 182 S.
    Series Statement: Reviews of national policies for education
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte 1992-1998 ; Hochschulbildung ; Höheres Bildungswesen ; Russland ; Russland ; Höheres Bildungswesen ; Geschichte 1992-1998 ; Russland ; Hochschulbildung
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Enseignement et recherche en fédération de Russie
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9264270493
    Language: French
    Pages: 294 S.
    Series Statement: Programme sur la gestion des établissements d'enseignement supérieur
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u. d. T.: Quality and internationalisation in higher education
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789264174016
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie mondiale de demain ; vers un essor durable ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die Weltwirtschaft von morgen; Ein neues goldenes Zeitalter ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. O Futuro da Economia Global; Rumo a uma expansao duradoura?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie mondiale de demain : vers un essor durable ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die Weltwirtschaft von morgen: Ein neues goldenes Zeitalter ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. O Futuro da Economia Global: Rumo a uma expansao duradoura?
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: As the 20th century draws to a close, powerful forces of change are converging that could set the stage for a long, sustained economic boom in the next few decades -- the transition to a knowledge-based society with its potentially huge productivity gains; the emergence of more deeply integrated, global markets for goods, services, capital and technology; and a fast-growing environmental awareness that could greatly accelerate the shift to new, less resource-intensive production and consumption patterns. The result could be several decades of above-average economic growth, substantial increases in income and wealth, and significant improvements in well-being across the world. But what will it take to unleash these dynamic forces? Not only will it call for a range of initiatives to establish the rules and frameworks for guiding the transition to a sustainable global knowledge economy, but above all, it will require exceptional efforts among decision makers in government, business and society at large to encourage continuous innovation, creativity and high levels of investment, and to promote bold new approaches to closer international co-operation and institution building. Inevitably some countries will benefit more than others, but a long boom with all its wealth creating capacity would offer a unique opportunity to reverse the trends of the last decades towards deepening inequality and exclusion. This book reviews the forces driving economic and social change in today's world. It asesses the likelihood of a long boom materialising in the first decades of the 21st century and explores the strategic policies essential for making it happen.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789264573192
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Urban Policy in Germany; Towards Sustainable Urban Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La politique de la ville en Allemagne ; Vers un développement urbain durable
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Urban Policy in Germany: Towards Sustainable Urban Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La politique de la ville en Allemagne : Vers un développement urbain durable
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Germany
    Abstract: Deutschland leistet im Bereich der Stadtentwicklungspolitik seit langem Pionierarbeit. Es hat sich eine nachhaltige städtische Entwicklung zum Ziel gesetzt, um die vielfältigen wirtschaftlichen, sozialen und umweltbezogenen Herausforderungen, vor die sich die Städte gestellt sehen, in den Griff zu bekommen. So sind integrierte Politikkonzepte und innovative Maßnahmen eingeführt worden, um die Wiederbelebung der Stadtzentren zu fördern und mit dem Wachstum der Vorstädte, dem zunehmenden Kfz-Verkehr und dem sozialen Wandel fertig zu werden. Die vorliegende Veröffentlichung analysiert diese Initiativen unter Berücksichtigung der für Deutschland spezifischen Merkmale, d.h. seines föderalen Systems, des Vereinigungsprozesses und der polizentrischen Städtestruktur.Über die für Deutschland spezifischen Merkmale und Schlußfolgerungen hinaus plädiert diese Studie für ein integriertes und zukunftsorientiertes multisektorales Konzept, das sich nicht allein an wirtschaftlichen Erwägungen orientiert und konkrete Antworten auf die Kernfrage liefert, wie die Stadt der Zukunft aussehen soll.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264173927 , 9264171134 , 9789264171138
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Sustainable development
    Keywords: Anthropogene Klimaänderung ; Umweltpolitik ; Umweltschutzkosten ; Emissionsverringerung ; OECD ; Treibhausgas ; Reduktion
    Abstract: Climate change is an increasing concern across the world. In 1997, a number of countries, including most OECD countries, agreed the Kyoto Protocol, which sets targets for future emissions of greenhouse gases that drive climate change. But the Kyoto Protocol left many decisions to be made, and while these are being discussed the clock ticks and the date for meeting the targets draws closer. Uncertainties are even larger as to policy requirements over the longer term. The Kyoto targets in themselves will do little to avert climate change but are best seen as a first step towards ambitious world-wide action. This puts the focus on how to achieve world-wide consensus for taking action and the economic impacts such action may have.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Contre le changement climatique : bilan et perspectives du Protocole de Kyoto
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264264076
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.30
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; European Community 1998
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: La Communauté européenne (CE) est le deuxième donneur multilatéral d'aide au développement (après la Banque mondiale). Elle se classe au cinquième rang des 22 Membres du Comité d'aide au développement (CAD) de l'OCDE par l'ensemble de ses programmes, qui ont connu une croissance moyenne de 3.3 pour cent par an au cours des cinq dernières années, tandis que l'effort global des Membres du CAD accusait un recul de 4.7 pour cent par an. Les ressources allouées par la Communauté aux pays à faible revenu n'ont cependant pas progressé au même rythme, ces dernières années, que le budget d'APD dans son ensemble. Les programmes de la CE sont régis par une organisation et des structures de gestion complexes, et la Commission est confrontée, en matière de mise en oeuvre, à un réel défi pour adapter son mode de fonctionnement à la poursuite des objectifs convenus dans le domaine du développement. D'importants remaniements ont été opérés dans la structure de la Commission européenne, notamment avec la création d'un Service commun chargé de la mise en oeuvre des activités de coopération pour le développement arrêtées par les quatre directions générales. Il reste cependant nécessaire de renforcer la capacité des délégations sur le terrain à travailler de concert avec les partenaires afin que ceux-ci fassent leurs les politiques mises en place et que la coordination soit optimale. La CE a un rôle décisif à jouer dans l'élaboration de politiques de développement plus cohérentes. C'est ce que souligne ce rapport à travers l'analyse de domaines comme l'agriculture, les accords de pêche et les subventions à la flotte de pêche de la Communauté. La coordination avec les autres donneurs semble quant à elle sur la bonne voie, ce qui est de bon augure pour l'avenir du partenariat entre donneurs et pays bénéficiaires. Les examens du CAD en matière de coopération pour le développement prévus en 1998 concernent, outre la Communauté européenne, les Membres du CAD suivants : l'Allemagne, le Canada, l'Espagne, les Etats-Unis, la Finlande et le Luxembourg.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172050
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.32
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Luxembourg 1999
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Development ; Luxembourg ; OECD ; Luxemburg
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1999 review of Luxembourg's development aid programmes and policies. It finds that Luxembourg's aid programme has made considerable headway since the first review by the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) in 1993. The government has implemented most of the DAC's recommendations following that review. Measures taken by the government include: a new law defining the aims of co-operation; selection of target countries; an increase in the number of staff assigned to the aid programme; an agreement governing relations between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Co-operation (MFA) and Lux-Development, the executive agency. Over the last five years the volume of Luxembourg's official development assistance (ODA) has risen by an average of 15 per cent a year in real terms. Luxembourg's development aid reached 0.55 per cent of its gross national product (GNP) in 1997. This advance has been made possible by the unanimous support of political parties and public opinion. The non-governmental organisations occupy a special place in the aid programme since a quarter of bilateral aid is channelled through them. Luxembourg delivers its aid entirely in grant form, and largely untied. The sharp rise in the volume of aid makes it important to control and improve the quality of projects and programmes by means of more stringent selection procedures, closer monitoring of projects and systematic [ex-ante] and [ex-post] evaluations. To that end it is crucial to reduce the number of recipient countries, to strengthen further human resources for the aid programme and to extend training for co-operation staff.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264274495
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.27
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Spain 1998
    Keywords: Development ; Spain
    Abstract: Le gouvernement espagnol a entrepris de gros efforts pour consolider le cadre de sa politique de coopération pour le développement et améliorer la qualité et la transparence de son aide. Un projet de loi sur la coopération pour le développement a été soumis au Parlement à l'automne 1997 et de nouveaux systèmes de planification et d'évaluation destinés à faciliter la gestion de l'aide sont en cours de mise en place, dont un plan indicatif pluriannuel et des programmes par pays. Malgré de sérieuses contraintes budgétaires, il est par ailleurs envisagé d'accroître le budget de l'aide. Ces initiatives ont été accueillies favorablement par le Comité d'aide au développement (CAD) de l'OCDE à l'occasion de l'examen de la politique et du programme d'aide de l'Espagne. Le Comité a également pris note du net rééquilibrage de l'effort d'aide espagnol où l'accroissement sensible du programme d'aide sous forme de dons s'est accompagné d'une diminution des crédits d'aide liée du Fonds d'aide au développement (FAD), et il a exprimé le voeu que cette tendance se poursuive. Le CAD a encouragé les autorités espagnoles dans leur effort pour garantir une plus grande cohérence des crédits du FAD avec les objectifs de coopération pour le développement et les orientations générales de l'aide espagnole. Eu égard aux bonnes pratiques en vigueur parmi les donneurs, le Comité s'est déclaré favorable aux mesures visant à rehausser l'efficacité du programme d'aide de l'Espagne et la capacité de ce pays de le mettre en oeuvre, et a invité les autorités espagnoles à réfléchir à un certain nombre d'autres initiatives destinées notamment à : - garantir une application plus rigoureuse des critères de développement pour l'identification et la sélection des projets financés par des crédits du FAD et une meilleure coordination de ces derniers avec le programme de dons, une attention particulière étant accordée à la situation des pays très endettés ; - poursuivre les efforts engagés pour doter l'AECI d'une plus grande autonomie au regard des règles administratives et en matière de recrutement, afin d'en améliorer la souplesse de fonctionnement et le professionnalisme, de sorte qu'elle puisse fonctionner dans le cadre de la loi envisagée ; - réaliser une étude sur la liaison de l'aide afin d'en mieux appréhender les avantages et les inconvénients et d'alimenter le débat sur cette question à l'échelon national ; - continuer d'améliorer les méthodes d'administration des subventions aux ONG. En 1998, les examens de la politique de coopération pour le développement concerneront les pays Membres du CAD suivants : Allemagne, Canada, Communauté européenne, Etats-Unis, Finlande, et Luxembourg.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789264272620
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Review of Agricultural Policies; Korea 1999; National Policies and Agricultural Trade
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: L'agriculture revêt une importance particulière en Corée pour des raisons politiques, stratégiques et culturelles. Comment les politiques agricoles coréennes ont-elles évolué au cours des deux dernières décennies ? Quels sont les effets de la crise de 1997 sur le secteur agricole et sur la mise en oeuvre des politiques agricoles ? En s'appuyant sur la méthode bien connue de l'OCDE de calcul du soutien accordé à l'agriculture au moyen des Équivalents subvention à la production et à la consommation, cette étude constitue l'une des analyses et des évaluations les plus exhaustives de l'évolution rapide de l'agriculture coréenne.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264164079
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.30
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Communauté Européenne 1998
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Development ; OECD
    Abstract: The European Community (EC) is the world's second largest multilateral channel for development assistance (after the World Bank). Its combined programmes are the fifth-largest among the 22 Members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC), and EC programmes have grown an average 3.3 per cent annually over the past five years, while the combined effort of DAC countries declined by 4.7 per cent annually. The Community's allocation of resources to lower income countries has not kept pace, however, with the overall growth of the ODA budget over recent years. EC programmes operate within a complex organisation and management structure, and Brussels faces serious challenges of implementation in adapting its operations to achieve agreed development objectives. There have been important steps in the evolution of the European Commission structures: a Common Service has been created to implement co-operation activities for the four Directorates General. But there is still a need to strengthen the capacity of delegations in the field to work fully with partners in advancing local ownership and co-ordination. The EC has a strong role to play in improving the coherence of policies affecting developing countries. The report analyses this question in fields such as agriculture, trade, fisheries agreements and Community fishing fleet subsidies. Co-ordination with other donors also seems to be improving, which bodes well for better overall partnerships between donors and partner countries. In 1998, the development co-operation policy of the following DAC Member countries will be reviewed: Canada, Finland, Germany, Luxembourg, Spain, and the United States.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264272019
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.31
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Finland 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Finland
    Abstract: La Finlande a maintenant entrepris de restructurer et de renforcer son programme d'aide, qui avait subi de fortes compressions au début des années 90. La Décision de principe adoptée par le Cabinet en septembre 1996 est désormais le principal document servant de référence pour la politique de coopération pour le développement. Elle stipule que le rapport entre l'aide publique au développement émanant de la Finlande et le produit national brut (ou rapport APD/PNB) devra être porté à 0.4 pour cent d'ici l'an 2000. Elle prévoit également l'intégration de la coopération pour le développement à un cadre cohérent en matière de politique étrangère ainsi que la réorganisation de l'administration de l'aide au sein du ministère des Affaires étrangères. Lors de l'examen auquel il a procédé de la politique et du programme de la Finlande en matière de coopération pour le développement, le CAD s'est félicité de l'importance accordée à la notion de partenariat dans la politique finlandaise, telle que définie dans la Décision de principe. Il a aussi salué l'accroissement du volume de l'aide finlandaise, retournement bienvenu de la nette tendance à la baisse qui prévalait au moment du précédent examen en 1995. D'autres questions essentielles ont été abordées lors de cet examen : les relations de partenariat à long terme entre la Finlande et les pays bénéficiant en priorité de son aide, la notion de flexibilité incluse dans la Décision de principe, la nécessité d'établir des orientations précises pour guider les interventions sectorielles et transversales, la gestion des activités sur le terrain et la délégation de pouvoirs aux représentations locales, et enfin la nouvelle procédure d'examen préalable des projets et propositions qui a été intégrée au système de contrôle de la qualité de l'aide finlandaise. Au programme des examens par les pairs réalisés par le CAD figurent, pour 1998, le Canada, l'Espagne, la Communauté européenne, la Finlande, l'Allemagne et le Luxembourg, et pour 1999, le Danemark, le Japon, l'Irlande, la Norvège.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173217
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Glossaire des termes d'assurance
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The OECD has produced a unique glossary of insurance policy terms which covers selected topics ranging from insurance policy regulation/supervision to general trade issues. It includes technical terms related to issues such as claims, premiums and provisions with specific references to individual countries and cross references to the OECD Insurance Guidelines for Economies in transition and related OECD publications. It is a reference tool for public officials in the insurance sector, academic and business communities worldwide.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264164093
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (214 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Fears of the prospect of growing social exclusion have become important concerns in recent years for many countries. Improving the quality of education and the standards attained by students to improve employability is one of the tools being used to prevent exclusion. However, changing social realities are leaving young children and students more exposed than ever to failure at school and unemployment. It is becoming increasingly clear that communities, education systems, schools and teachers are not equipped to deal with the many problems which arise and when social or health services become involved conflicts of interest can arise leading to actions which are not always in the clients' best interests. The necessity to provide greater co-ordination among these services, to improve their efficiency and effectiveness and to provide a seamless support to meet the holistic needs of students and their families is now becoming more accepted. Such an approach, inter alia, is community-based, emphasises prevention rather than being crisis-oriented, is customer-driven rather than being focused on an agency, and is accountable through outcomes rather than inputs. For many, better co-ordination of services is seen as the only solution available which is commensurate with our present democratic societies. All of the papers in this book were presented at a conference held in Toronto, Canada. They are original and have been written by policy-makers from different ministries, researchers from different disciplines and clients who come variously from Canada, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, the UK, and the USA.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789264174344
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Panorama de la législation nucléaire en Europe centrale et orientale et dans les NEI
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This publication examines the legislation and regulations governing the peaceful uses of nuclear energy in Eastern European countries. It covers eleven countries from Central and Eastern Europe and five countries from the Community of Independant States. The chapters follow a systematic format making it easier for the reader to research and compare information. This study will be updated regularly.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789264173330
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.35
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Irlande 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Irlande 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Ireland
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1999 review of Ireland's development aid programmes. It finds that in 1999, Ireland marks the 25th anniversary of Irish Aid, its official aid programme. Over the last five years, the volume of Ireland’s official development assistance (ODA) has risen by an average of 20 per cent a year in real terms, the most rapid growth by a Member of the OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC). Preliminary data indicate that Ireland’s development co-operation reached 0.30 per cent of GNP in 1998, nearly double its 1992 level, and is projected to reach 0.35 per cent in 1999. After six years of impressive growth in volume and improvement in quality, most of the increase in aid in 1999 is being used for debt relief measures, European Union contributions, emergency humanitarian assistance and support for refugees in Ireland, rather than for allocations for the long-term development programmes administered by the Department of Foreign Affairs. Political commitments on aid allocations undertaken by the Minister of Finance mean that increases in the Department of Foreign Affairs’ part of the programme are now expected in 2000 and 2001. Two main issues confront the Irish Aid programme: how best to grow and how best to manage that growth. These are clearly issues which Ireland needs to consider and resolve itself, but the Development Assistance Committee can draw on its collective experience to contribute to Ireland’s reflections on these issues. A starting point, from experience elsewhere, is that Irish Aid should maintain and enhance the focused nature of the programme which is now one of its major strengths.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264173989
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (356 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; La réforme de la réglementation aux États-Unis 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : La réforme de la réglementation aux États-Unis 1999
    Keywords: Governance ; United States
    Abstract: The United States has been a world leader in regulatory reform for a quarter century. Contrary to popular belief, the United States is not less regulated than other countries, but differently regulated due to the pro-competition policy stance of federal regulatory regimes, and the openness and contestability of regulatory processes. Far-reaching economic deregulation combined with efforts to improve the quality of social regulation have supported the construction of one of the most innovative, flexible and open economies in the OECD, while maintaining health, safety and environmental standards at relatively high levels. However, significant regulatory problems still exist. Improving the performance and cost-effectiveness of expensive social regulations and government formalities is a key challenge for regulatory quality. In a word, the challenge of regulatory reform in the United States is not how much regulation, but how good. The United States is one of the first OECD countries to request a broad review by the OECD of its national regulatory practices and domestic regulatory reforms. This report -- the result of intensive assessment by the OECD and review by its Member countries -- is unique in that it presents an integrated assessment of regulatory reform in framework areas such as the macroeconomic context, the quality of the public sector, competition policy and enforcement, and integration of market openness principles in regulatory processes, and in sectors such as electricity and telecommunications. The policy recommendations present a balanced plan of action for both short and longer-term based on best international regulatory practices.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264187757
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (263 p)
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264173804
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Turquie 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Turquie 1999
    Keywords: Environment ; Turkey
    Abstract: This review of Turkey's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789264173415
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Enseignement tertiaire et recherche en Fédération de Russie 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Enseignement tertiaire et recherche en Fédération de Russie 1999
    Keywords: Education ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: The speed, nature and uncertainty of economic, social and political developments in the Russian Federation continue to pose enormous challenges for tertiary education and research activities in universities, higher level vocational schools and institutes of the academies of sciences. These challenges are shaping the strategies for needed reforms to widen further learning opportunities at the tertiary education level, improve the quality and extend the reach of research and boost the contributions of tertiary-level education and research to improved economic performance and social well-being. This book is based on one of the most recent, broadly-based and forward-looking analyses of these developments and pressures and takes account of the specific structures, strengths and traditions in tertiary education and research in the Russian Federation. It offers a set of general directions and specific recommendations for policies to address key issues of access, quality and standards in teaching; new directions to diversify and deliver tertiary education; the quality of research in academic and research establishments; and reforms in the governance, management and financing of teaching and research. This review of tertiary education and research policies follows an earlier examination of general education, Reviews of National Policies for Education: Russian Federation.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264180116
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Fédération de Russie 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Fédération de Russie 1999
    Keywords: Environment ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: This review of the Russian Federation's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789264172548
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Danemark 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Danemark 1999
    Keywords: Environment ; Denmark
    Abstract: This review of Denmark's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264074187
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This publication presents for the first time detailed data on the role played by multinationals in the industrial sectors of the OECD economies. In an era of globalisation, these data highlight the increasing importance of multinationals in the economies of host countries, particularly in production, employment, value added, research and exports. The data also show that multinationals make a positive contribution to the economic development of host countries: productivity levels are well above those of national firms; salaries are generally higher; and numbers of employees are growing faster than those of national firms. The R&D efforts and technology transfers of multinationals strengthen the innovation capacity and competitiveness of host countries.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173576
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.34
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Japon 1999
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    Keywords: Development ; Japan ; Japan ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: Japan is the leader in volume among DAC donors, but it ranks 19th out of 21 bilateral Members in terms of ODA as a percentage of GNP. Compared to other Members, its aid programme has a higher proportion of loans, with preference towards Asia and lower middle-income countries, and a heavy emphasis on assistance for economic infrastructure as opposed to the social sectors. Japan is making major efforts to improve its aid programme through an administrative reform, piloting the new international development strategy, a country-focused approach, and a push towards increased quality, transparency, and efficiency. The DAC encourages these developments and recommends that Japan should: - strengthen staffing and decentralisation; - enhance NGO involvement; - mainstream cross-cutting issues such as poverty, gender, and governance; - design and evaluate projects with a view towards cost-efficiency, sustainability, technological appropriateness, and socio-economic impact; - and ensure policy dialogue with recipient countries.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789264180093
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: 45
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172012
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.31
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Finlande 1999
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    Keywords: Development ; Finland ; OECD ; Finnland
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1999 review of Finlands development aid programmes and policies. It finds that following a steep decline in its development co-operation programme in the early 1990s Finland is engaged in redesigning and building up its aid programme. The Cabinet Decision-in-principle of September 1996 is now the main point of reference for Finnish development co-operation. It includes a firm target of 0.4 per cent by the year 2000 for the ratio of Finland's official development assistance to the gross national product (the ODA/GNP ratio), the integration of development co-operation into a coherent foreign policy framework and the reorganisation of the aid administration within the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. At the DAC review of Finland's aid policies and programmes on 16 October 1998 the Committee commended both the partnership orientation of Finland's policies, as set out in the Decision-in-principle, and the growing volume of Finnish aid, a welcome reversal of the situation at the time of the last DAC Peer Review of Finland in 1995, when aid volume was in a deep decline. This Review addresses several other key issues: Finland's long-term partnerships with primary orientation countries; the flexibility concept, included in the Decision-in-principle; the need for clear sectoral and cross-cutting policy guidance; field management and delegation to the field; and the revised screening process for project and policy proposals that is part of the quality control system of Finnish aid.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789264173422
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (460 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Education ; Employment
    Abstract: Young people's situation and future prospects are of vital concern to us all. Many of them face high unemployment or joblessness and serious difficulties in getting a firm foothold into the labour market. Many leave school without the requisite skills or competences needed in today’s economy and society. Many are also experiencing falling relative (and sometimes real) wages and considerable uncertainty as to whether or not they will be able to settle into good careers. But at the same time, our ageing societies need, more than ever before, to harness the potential of all of our young people. This publication points the way to future initiatives to improve youth labour market and educational outcomes as identified by policy-makers and experts of OECD countries brought together at the Washington Conference "Preparing Youth for the 21st Century: The Policy Lessons from the Past Two Decades", held on 23-24 February 1999. To give the most comprehensive picture to date, it first puts today's challenges into a historical perspective by taking stock of two decades of policies for youth employment. But more substantially, this book provides insight into experiences and policy issues in the United States, as well as in Europe and Japan, with a stress on the special needs of disadvantaged youth. All of us interested in making sure we give youth a good start in education and in establishing rewarding labour market careers will find this compendium a milestone in youth employment debate.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789264172999
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Portugal
    Abstract: The use of ion beams in nuclear research is well established, with many facilities and networks of experts active in the field. Applications for ion beams are expanding, in particular in the development of new materials, biotechnology and the creation of new isotopes. Positron beams are likewise a very powerful tool for observing and influencing microscopic material structures, as well as for medical diagnosis. The combined utilisation of ion and positron beams is expected to open up new horizons in the areas of material science and biotechnology. These proceedings provide an overview of the latest developments in this field, and highlight areas for future international co-operation.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173620
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: It was a financial crisis, or was it? Did a band of speculators and money-changers pull the rug out from under the Thai, Malaysian, Philippine, Indonesian and Korean economies, thereby trashing the Asian Miracle? Or were more profound, longer-term pressures building in these economies which finally boiled over in 1997? In this book, the OECD explodes the myth of conspiracy and evil design, showing that well-intentioned and previously successful economic policies put the Asian economies at risk. Generous support for heavy and high-tech industries created "turnkey" companies with an excessive reliance on imported technology and inputs. In many cases, the success of these industries came at the expense of small and medium-sized enterprises, and more generally of the ability to foresee and respond to the need for adjustment. There were also detrimental effects as traditionally strong parts of these economies lost their competitive edge due to limitations in technological linkages coupled with upward pressures on wage costs and appreciating exchange rates. The book shows that the Asian breakdown had far-reaching structural global implications extending beyond the financial sphere. In examining the policy implications, the OECD argues that far-reaching industrial reforms are needed to accompany the measures being taken to address the financial aspects of the crisis. Learning the lessons from these reforms will reduce the risk of similar crashes in the future.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789264173859
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; France
    Abstract: The optimisation of the nuclear fuel cycle is a key issue for the sustainability of nuclear energy. This book presents the papers from a workshop which investigated alternative nuclear energy futures, with emphasis on back-end of the fuel cycle options that could enhance the sustainability of nuclear energy in the long term, to 2050 and beyond. The papers lay out the conditions that need to be fulfilled for nuclear energy to remain a viable option and highlight the technological and strategic developments underway to address those issues. Subjects covered include natural resource management, radioactive waste minimisation, cost reduction and proliferation resistance aspects of alternative reactor and fuel cycle technologies.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789264173385
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Workshop on the Physics and Fuel Performance of Reactor Based Plutonium Disposition (1998 : Paris) Proceedings of the Workshop on the Physics and Fuel Performance of Reactor-Based Plutonium Disposition
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    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; France ; Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Kernbrennstoff ; Plutonium
    Abstract: Following recent disarmament agreements, the Russian Federation and the USA have declared part of their stockpiles of weapons-grade plutonium as a surplus to their national defense needs. This material needs to be disposed of, and one of the suggested means of doing so is burning it in existing reactors and transforming the material into spent fuel. The experience in these two countries with mixed oxide fuel (MOX) is either dated or scarce. Several European countries and Japan, however, have acquired much experience in using MOX fuel in reactors which was shared at this important workshop. This publication presents the workshop results which reviewed existing technical information from the civil nuclear power programmes that are beneficial to weapons-grade plutonium disposition. It also proposes concrete actions that could help expedite this process in the near future.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789264173378
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Over the last 50 years particle accelerators have evolved from simple devices to powerful machines, and will continue to have an important impact on research, technology and lifestyle. Today, they cover a wide range of applications, from television and computer displays in households to investigating the origin and structure of matter. It has become common practice to use particle accelerators for material science and medical applications. In recent years, requirements from new technological and research applications have emerged, giving rise to new radiation shielding aspects and problems. These workshop proceedings review recent progress in radiation shielding of accelerator facilities, evaluating advancements and discussing further developments needed with respect to international co-operation in this field.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172913
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (142 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Road Transport and Intermodal Linkages Research Programme
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stratégies de sécurité routière en rase campagne
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: More than 75 000 people are killed each year on rural roads in OECD countries; this represents about 60% of fatal road crashes. This loss of lives has an economic cost of around US$135 billion per year. The relative share of rural road fatalities in total road fatalities has risen from less than 55% in 1980 to more than 60% in 1996. While there has been a reduction in the total number of road fatalities in OECD countries during the past 20 years, it is clear that safety improvements on motorways and urban roads have been more successful than those on rural roads. Following an in-depth review of the characteristics of road crashes in rural areas, the book proposes a series of safety measures, focusing on infrastructure management, enforcement, innovative tools, such as intelligent transport systems, and trauma management. The book strives to raise the awareness of road users, decision makers and politicians of the importance of road safety in rural areas. It is a very useful handbook for local, regional or national authorities seeking to improve -- sometimes at very low cost -- safety on rural roads.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789264073289
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Plant life management is becoming an increasingly important topic both in nuclear power plant operations and in international discussions on the role of nuclear energy. As in many other aspects of nuclear power plant operations there is much to be learned by international comparisons of practices. This five-language glossary of terminology (English, French, German, Russian, Spanish) is intended to assist utility operators and regulators in OECD countries, and more generally to help readers benefit as much as possible from international experience.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789264172586
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (484 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Environment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Environmental permits have played a major role in improving industry's environmental performance across the last few decades. Because they adopt a precautionary approach during the setting of environmental requirements, permitting strategies have also favoured pollution prevention. However, current permitting systems will have to adapt to address growing pressures on the environment. How are OECD countries currently meeting this challenge? What are the main features of the laws, regulations, policies and practices governing the negotiation and delivery of industrial permits in OECD countries? This publication's three volumes give new insights into these questions. Volume 1 contains a policy study entitled Environmental Requirements for Industrial Permitting: Approaches and Instruments. This report is the first comprehensive review of permitting practices for industry in OECD Member countries. It explores the principles behind environmental permits and identifies major trends in their use. In particular, the report examines how technology-based requirements and environmental quality objectives are used together to develop permit conditions. Results are also presented from four sectoral case studies of the iron and steel, metal finishing, pulp and paper, and oil refining industry . Volume 2 contains the proceedings of an unprecedented OECD workshop on "Environmental Permitting of Industrial Facilities". This international workshop brought together nearly 100 government experts, regulators, permit writers, industry permit holders and other private sector representatives from OECD Member and Observer countries in Europe, North America and the Asia-Pacific region. Considering the wide range of policies, practices and viewpoints discussed, the workshop represented a significant step toward a mutual international understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of current environmental permitting systems. Volume 3 provides a valuable reference guide on regulatory approaches to environmental permitting in OECD countries. It presents the main features of the laws, regulations, policies and practices governing the negotiation and delivery of industrial permits in eighteen OECD Member countries, the European Union and other international organisations.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789264172036
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (392 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; France
    Abstract: Proper heat removal from the fuel is essential for the safe operation of nuclear reactors used for electricity production. As nuclear fuel is burnt it undergoes important changes, including a degradation of its thermal conductivity. This important phenomenon needs to be reliably predicted in order to make better use of the fuel, a factor which can help to achieve the economic competitiveness required by today's markets. This report communicates the results of an international seminar which reviewed recent progress in the field of nuclear fuel thermal conductivity and sought to improve the models used in computer codes predicting thermal performance. State-of-the-art knowledge is presented for both uranium-oxide and mixed-oxide fuels loaded in water reactors.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789264274440
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Les stratégies des pouvoirs publics pour faire face au changement climatique doivent inclure des partenariats pour une coopération technologique, des partenariats avec les collectivités locales et des stratégies de communication. Ces thèmes se sont dégagés de la réunion de 1997 du Forum de l'OCDE sur le changement climatique. L'ouverture du Forum à des représentants des milieux financiers, des compagnies d'assurances et du secteur des entreprises "vertes", ainsi qu'aux autorités locales, aux organisations non gouvernementales de protection de l'environnement et à des experts des pays en développement, a permis un renouveau de la réflexion à l'approche de la conférence de Kyoto et de la troisième Conférence des Parties. Cet ouvrage propose un choix d'exposés présentés à la réunion et le rapport du rapporteur. Il permet de mieux cerner le rôle des pouvoirs publics et donne ainsi une première analyse des meilleurs moyens d'obtenir une mobilisation mondiale pour faire face au changement climatique.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9264173625
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Asia and the global crisis
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    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Asiatisch-Pazifischer Raum ; Währungskrise ; Industrie
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789264173866
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (462 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Plutonium and minor actinide burning or recycling in thermal and fast reactors is being studied in many countries with the aim of maintaining and developing fuel cycle options which can be adjusted to changing demands and constraints. The challenge is to move towards an economically and socially sustainable nuclear energy system based on advanced reactors - advanced water-cooled reactors, fast reactors and perhaps accelerator-based, hybrid reactors - and new types of fuel cycles which help to minimise the waste arising. An additional issue concerns the availability of resources for the long-term future. This workshop introduced new ideas on R&D activities and identified areas and research tasks relevant for the deployment of new systems and in which international co-operation can be strengthened. The roles played by existing experimental facilities as well as possible needs for new ones are discussed. The conclusions of the technical sessions are synthesised and the results of a round table discussion on international co-operation are presented.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9264174125
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. The local dimension of welfare to work
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    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 1998 ; OECD ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit ; Regionale Beschäftigungspolitik ; OECD ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; Regionale Beschäftigungspolitik
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9264173757
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Repr.
    Edition: Bd. 1 (Concepts and framework) - 2 (Issues and design)
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Environmental indicators for agriculture
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture : Vol. 1: Concepts et cadre d'analyse Vol.2: Questions clés et conception -- "Le séminaire de York"
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    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltindikator ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltverträglichkeit
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9264172580
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Bd. 1 - 3
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Environmental requirements for industrial permitting
    Keywords: OECD ; Industrie ; Konzession ; Umwelt
    Note: Erschienen Bd. 1 - 3
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9264172912
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Road Transport and Intermodal Linkages Research Programme
    Series Statement: Road transport and intermodal linkages research
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Safety strategies for rural roads
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Stratégies de sécurité routière en rase campagne
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stratégies de sécurité routière en rase campagne
    RVK:
    Keywords: Verkehrssicherheit ; Landstraße
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9264172920
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. The social sciences at a turning point?
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    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Politikberatung
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789264174290
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.27
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Espagne 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Espagne 1998
    Keywords: Development ; Spain
    Abstract: The Development Assistance Committee's 1998 review of Spain's development aid programmes and policies. It finds that The Spanish Government is making significant efforts to consolidate the political framework for development co-operation and improve the quality and transparency of its aid. A draft law on development co-operation was submitted to Parliament in the autumn of 1997 and new planning and evaluation systems for aid management are being introduced, including a multi-year indicative plan and country programmes. Despite severe budgetary constraints, an increase in the aid budget is also envisaged. These initiatives were well received by the OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) during the review of Spain's aid policies and programmes. The Committee also took note of the major improvement in the balance of the Spanish aid effort with a significant increase in the grant aid programme, accompanied by a decline in the tied Development Aid Fund (FAD) loan component, and expressed the hope that this trend would continue. The DAC encouraged the Spanish authorities to pursue their efforts to ensure greater consistency of the FAD loans with the overall development objectives and policy directions for Spanish aid. In relation to general good practice among donors, the Committee indicated its support for the measures to enhance the effectiveness of the Spanish aid programme and its capacity to implement and suggested that the Spanish authorities consider a number of further initiatives
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789264074194
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This quarterly publication complements the OECD Main Economic Indicators. It presents a wide range of monthly, quarterly and annual economic indicators covering such topics as industrial production, business surveys, construction, employment, earnings, prices, domestic and foreign finance, interest rates and domestic and foreign trade for the following 18 transition countries: Bulgaria Slovak Republic Kazakstan Tajikistan Estonia Slovenia Kyrgyz Republic Turkmenistan Latvia Armenia Moldova Ukraine Lithuania Azerbaijan Russian Federation Uzbekistan Romania Belarus Included in this issue: Annex on Labour Market Indicators Available on Diskette This supplement is the final edition of the series Short-term Economic Indicators: Transition Economies in the current format. The OECD plans to release a new publication containing a more restricted number of short-term economic indicators for key non-OECD countries on a monthly basis. The new publication is scheduled for release in the first half of 1998.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172609
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. UEM ; Faits, défis et politiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. UEM : Faits, défis et politiques
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics
    Abstract: The launch of the euro reinforces the foundations for unprecedented economic integration encompassing 11 countries, 16 per cent of world GDP and 290 million people. For the first time, the OECD has studied the euro-area as a fully-fledged economic entity and has analysed the intensive preparations that led to the single currency, as well as the economic issues raised by its introduction. Despite the macroeconomic convergence already achieved and the institutional framework that has been established, the fact is that many uncertainties remain. An approach to co-ordinating monetary and budgetary policies that is up to the issues at stake has still to be fully defined. And the euro area's ability to absorb economic shocks must be assessed and strengthened. In this respect it is vital for labour markets to become more flexible and adaptable if they are to compensate for the loss of national monetary autonomy which EMU implies and if adjustment is not to be at the expense of jobs. A special chapter discusses the obstacles to geographic labour mobility and the rigidity of wage setting mechanisms. These are some of the challenges that must be faced in the years to come, and this study discusses them in the light of the most penetrating and informative analysis today’s economists can provide. It does not prescribe set remedies, but drawing on analyses and figures never published before, attempts to identify the best policies for ensuring the success of the monetary union. This is a complex study that takes a hard look at the issues and will be of great interest to anyone wishing to understand the economic mechanisms at work.
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789246180547
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Évacuation géologique des déchets radioactifs ; Bilan des dix dernières années
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Évacuation géologique des déchets radioactifs : Bilan des dix dernières années
    DDC: 621.48/38
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    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Untertagedeponie ; Entsorgung ; Radioaktiver Abfall
    Abstract: The concept of removing long-lived radioactive wastes from the human environment by disposal in deep geological repositories was developed several decades ago. In the intervening years, research efforts world-wide have increased our knowledge and understanding of how underground disposal systems will function over very long periods of time. Significant progress has also been made towards implementation of such facilities. There have, however, been delays in the disposal programmes of several countries. This report is a review of developments in the past decade. The primary sources of information are the answers to a questionnaire provided by waste management organisations represented in the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC). The latter is an international forum of senior specialists from safety authorities, waste management agencies, R&D institutions and policy-making bodies.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789264467286
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Mexico 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; Mexique 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Mexico 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : Mexique 1999
    Keywords: Economics ; Mexico
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789264174467
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This publication provides a detailed description of the Sources and Methods which were used in the compilation of the quantitative indicators published in the now discontinued quarterly Indicators of Industrial Activity, which was a unique source of short-term industrial statistics broken down by industrial sectors in OECD member countries. The indicators selected are indices of output, deliveries, new orders, unfilled orders, producer prices and employment. The statistics are classified according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC).
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789264173774
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; La réforme de la réglementation aux Pays-Bas 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : La réforme de la réglementation aux Pays-Bas 1999
    Keywords: Governance ; Netherlands
    Abstract: The Dutch experience in regulatory reform has vital lessons about the modernisation of the European welfare state and its integration into the European single market. Regulatory reform is the most recent element in the reshaping of the Dutch model. Following reforms to labour markets and the social welfare system in the 1980s, Dutch governments in the 1990s have sought a "new balance between protection and dynamism" based on competition policy, regulatory reform, and market openness. Today, the Netherlands ranks among the top OECD countries by many measures of economic performance, including employment growth. Though still in its early phases, regulatory reform has already produced major gains for the Netherlands in terms of competitiveness, flexibility, and consumer benefits. Yet major challenges are still to be faced. Some important reforms have been slow, indicating that the balance between domestic consensus-building and policy responsiveness is still being adjusted in the modern Dutch model. Further reforms in many areas will bring important gains in boosting the employment rate, improving sectoral performance, and providing social protection at lower cost. The Netherlands is one of the first OECD countries to request a broad review by the OECD of its national regulatory practices and domestic regulatory reforms. This report -- the result of intensive assessment by the OECD and review by its Member countries -- is unique in that it presents an integrated assessment of regulatory reform in framework areas such as the macroeconomic context, the quality of the public sector, competition policy and enforcement, and integration of market openness principles in regulatory processes, and in sectors such as electricity and telecommunications. The policy recommendations present a balanced plan of action for both short and longer-term based on best international regulatory practices.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789264273719
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (420 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform; Regulatory Reform in Japan 1999
    Keywords: Governance ; Japan
    Abstract: La réforme de la réglementation est au coeur de la stratégie de redressement économique et de croissance à long terme du Japon. Des progrès considérables ont déjà été accomplis pour réaliser cette priorité identifiée dès 1994 par le gouvernement japonais, mais il est aujourd'hui indispensable d'approfondir et d'accélérer la réforme de la réglementation. Cet ouvrage prône une rupture radicale avec les pratiques réglementaires et les doctrines du passé. Des mesures énergiques, relevant à la fois de la réforme sectorielle et de la réforme des conditions cadres, doivent être adoptées rapidement pour parachever le passage d'un modèle de croissance induite par l'Etat, devenu largement inopérant, à un modèle de croissance impulsée par le marché, seul à même de jeter les bases d'une compétitivité et d'une prospérité durables au Japon. Le Japon est l'un des premiers pays à avoir demandé à l'OCDE de procéder à un examen général de ses pratiques réglementaires et des réformes de la réglementation menées à l'échelon national. Cet ouvrage est le fruit de l'évaluation approfondie menée par l'OCDE et d'un examen par ses pays Membres. Il présente une évaluation intégrée sans équivalent de la réforme de la réglementation dans les domaines aussi essentiels que le contexte macro-économique, la qualité du secteur public, la politique de la concurrence et sa mise en oeuvre, ainsi que l'intégration des principes d'ouverture du marché dans les processus réglementaires et dans des secteurs tels que l'électricité et les télécommunications. Les politiques recommandées offrent un plan d'action équilibré à court et à plus long terme fondé sur les meilleures pratiques réglementaires à l'échelon international. Pour en savoir plus A lire dans la même collection : La réforme de la réglementation aux Etats-Unis, La réforme de la réglementation au Mexique et La réforme de la réglementation aux Pays-Bas. L'analyse de fond dont découlent ces premiers examens par pays est présentée dans le Rapport de l'OCDE sur la réforme de la réglementation : Rapport de synthèse et dans les deux volumes du Rapport de l'OCDE sur la réforme de la réglementation : Etudes sectorielles et Etudes thématiques, publiés en 1997.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273573
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.34
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Japan 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Japan
    Abstract: Le Japon est le donneur le plus généreux du CAD, en volume, mais ne se classe qu’à la 19ème place parmi les 21 Membres du comité par son rapport APD/PNB. Comparativement à celui des autres Membres, son programme d’aide fait une large place aux prêts, privilégie l’Asie et les pays à revenu intermédiaire et accorde une grande importance aux infrastructures économiques par rapport aux secteurs sociaux. Le Japon s’applique résolument à améliorer son programme d’aide ; à cet effet, il a engagé une réforme administrative, entrepris d’expérimenter la nouvelle stratégie internationale en matière de développement, adopté une approche ciblée par pays et pris des mesures visant à rehausser la qualité, la transparence et l’efficience de son aide. Le CAD se félicite de cette évolution tout en recommandant au Japon de s’employer également à : - renforcer les effectifs affectés au programme d’aide et décentraliser l’administration de ce dernier ; - associer davantage les ONG à l’action engagée ; - se préoccuper plus systématiquement des problèmes transversaux tels que la lutte contre la pauvreté, l’égalité homme-femme et la bonne gestion des affaires publiques ; - tenir compte dans la conception et l’évaluation des projets des questions d’efficacité par rapport au coût, de viabilité et d’adéquation technologique ainsi que des retombées socio-économiques ; - resserrer le dialogue avec les pays bénéficiaires. Des examens en matière de coopération pour le développement sont prévus pour l’an 2000 pour les Membres suivants du CAD : France, Nouvelle-Zélande, Italie, Suède, Suisse et Portugal.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180161
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264280113
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Russian Federation 1999
    Keywords: Environment ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: Ce rapport consacré à la Fédération Russie évalue les progrès accomplis ou à faire dans la réduction de la charge polluante, la gestion des ressources naturelles, l'intégration des politiques économique et environnementale et le renforcement de la coopération internationale. Les analyses s'appuient sur un large ensemble de données économiques et environnementales.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9789264273771
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform; Regulatory Reform in the Netherlands 1999
    Keywords: Governance ; Netherlands
    Abstract: La réforme de la réglementation menée aux Pays-Bas est riche d'enseignements tant pour la modernisation de l'État-providence en Europe que pour l'intégration au marché unique européen. La réforme de la réglementation est la composante la plus récente de la rénovation du modèle néerlandais. Aux réformes apportées aux marchés du travail et au système de protection sociale dans les années 80 a succédé, dans les années 90, la recherche d'un « nouvel équilibre entre la protection et le dynamisme », fondé sur la politique de la concurrence, la réforme de la réglementation et l'ouverture des marchés. Les Pays-Bas font aujourd'hui partie des pays de l'OCDE les plus performants au regard de nombreux critères économiques, notamment pour la croissance de l'emploi. Bien qu'encore à ses débuts, la réforme de la réglementation a déjà apporté des avantages considérables aux Pays-Bas, en termes de compétitivité, de flexibilité, ou de bénéfices pour les consommateurs. Des défis majeurs restent cependant à relever. La lenteur de certaines réformes importantes indique que le modèle néerlandais est encore en train de chercher l'équilibre entre l'établissement d'un consensus et l'ajustement des politiques. De l'application de la réforme à de nombreux nouveaux domaines découleront des gains aussi importants qu'un net progrès du taux d'emploi, une amélioration des performances sectorielles, et une réduction des coûts de la protection sociale. Les Pays-Bas sont un des premiers pays à avoir demander à l'OCDE de procéder à un examen général de ses pratiques réglementaires et des réformes de la réglementation menées à l'échelon national. Cet ouvrage est le fruit de l'évaluation approfondie menée par l'OCDE et d'un examen par ses pays Membres. Il présente une évaluation intégrée sans équivalent de la réforme de la réglementation dans des domaines aussi essentiels que le contexte macro-économique, la qualité du secteur public, la politique de la concurrence et sa mise en oeuvre, ainsi que l'intégration des principes d'ouverture du marché dans les processus réglementaires et dans des secteurs tels que l'électricité et les télécommunications. Les politiques recommandées offrent un plan d'action équilibré à court et à plus long terme fondé sur les meilleures pratiques réglementaires à l'échelon international. Pour en savoir plus A lire dans la même collection : La réforme de la réglementation au Japon, La réforme de la réglementation aux États-Unis, La réforme de la réglementation au Mexique. L'analyse de fond dont découlent ces premiers examens par pays est présentée dans le Rapport de l'OCDE sur la réforme de la réglementation : Rapport de synthèse et dans les deux volumes du Rapport de l'OCDE sur la réforme de la réglementation : Études sectorielles et Études thématiques, publiés en 1997.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172937
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The once booming dynamic economies in Asia were drawn into a whirlpool of business failures and economic devastation following the flotation of the Thai baht in July 1997, and the consequent collapse of asset prices and currency depreciations in several East Asian countries. High growth in these emerging market economies had masked important structural weaknesses that eventually triggered the economic slump now referred to as the Asia Crisis. To address the structural measures needed to restore sustained economic growth and stability in the crisis-affected countries, this book brings forth analyses and recommendations on the crisis from internationally respected economists and policy makers and the OECD. Overall, experts conclude that, to deal with the crisis and alleviate social distress, structural reforms of government, business and the financial sector must be undertaken rapidly. Such reforms must be established with a long-term view to protect these and other countries from future crises. Economic recovery in Asia is a high priority for the OECD. As an international organisation with experience across a broad range of structural issues, it is a unique forum for the exchange of views on national experiences with policy reforms and possible improvements in the functioning of financial markets. In November 1998, the OECD's Centre for Co-operation with Non-Members (CCNM) held the symposium that led to this publication. Experts from OECD Member and non-member economies attended the symposium. This publication assembles their contributions and provides insight into the possible role of the OECD in promoting economic recovery in the region.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264173750
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture ; Vol. 1; Concepts et cadre d'analyse Vol.2; Questions clés et conception -- "Le séminaire de York"
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: This book, the result of the OECD York Workshop in the United Kingdom attended by some of the leading experts in the field, examines two key aspects of developing environmental indicators for agriculture. One discusses the identification and design of suitable indicators, the methodology to be used in their measurement and issues relating to interpretation. The other looks at how governments and other users would use indicators for policy purposes.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172920
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: How can the social and behavioural sciences contribute more effectively to solving the problems of society? Authoritative experts and policy makers examine the current state and status of the social sciences and present their views on what needs to be done. The authors, who represent OECD countries with diverse traditions and experience, discuss in particular the need to restructure social sciences, to better link them to policy making, to strengthen related basic research, to take advantage of progress made in information technologies for large-scale surveys and data storage, etc. Illustrative developments concern youth and urban problems, education reforms, immigration and environmental policies.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264574229
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de gouvernement d'entreprise de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principios de la OCDE para el gobierno de las sociedades
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance; (Russian version)
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Ein gutes Corporate Governance-System ist für den effizienten Einsatz des Unternehmenskapitals von entscheidender Bedeutung. Es trägt ferner dazu bei, dass die Unternehmen die Interessen möglichst breiter Kreise ebenso wie die der Gemeinwesen berücksichtigen, in denen sie tätig sind, und die Aufsichtsräte den Unternehmen und den Aktionären gegenüber rechenschaftspflichtig sind. Das wiederum ist eine der Voraussetzungen dafür, dass die Tätigkeit des Unternehmens der Gesellschaft insgesamt zugute kommt, das Vertrauen der in- und ausländischen Investoren gewahrt bleibt und mehr langfristiges Kapital mobilisiert wird.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789264174368
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Usages bénéfiques et production des isotopes
    RVK:
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Radionuklid ; Anwendung
    Abstract: Radioactive and stable isotopes are used throughout the world and in many sectors, including medicine, industry, agriculture and research. In many applications isotopes have no substitute, and in most others they are more effective and cheaper than alternative techniques or processes. This publication is the first international survey on the beneficial uses and production of isotopes. It provides an overview of their main uses, and detailed information on the facilities that produce them world-wide. Trends in isotope supply and demand are analysed, and the conclusions and recommendations presented point to key issues to be considered by governments.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9264173609
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Towards lifelong learning in Hungary
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Ungarn ; Bildungswesen ; Ungarn ; Berufsbildung
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9789264173712
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; La réforme de la réglementation au Japon 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : La réforme de la réglementation au Japon 1999
    Keywords: Governance ; Japan
    Abstract: OECD's 1999 review of regulatory reform in Japan. It finds that regulatory reform is at the heart of Japan’s strategy for economic recovery and long-term growth. Identified as a priority by the Japanese Government as early as 1994, considerable progress in regulatory reform has already been made. But today it is essential that regulatory reform be deepened and accelerated. This report calls for a "sharp break" with the regulatory practices and doctrines of the past. Energetic measures, including both sectoral reform and reform of framework conditions, need to be adopted quickly to complete the transition from a state-led growth model, now largely ineffective, to a market-driven growth model, the only model capable of laying the foundation for sustainable competitiveness and prosperity in Japan. Japan was one of the first OECD countries to request a broad review by the OECD of its national regulatory practices and domestic regulatory reforms. This report -- the result of intensive assessment by the OECD and review by its Member countries -- is unique in that it presents an integrated assessment of regulatory reform in framework areas such as the macroeconomic context, the quality of the public sector, competition policy and enforcement, and integration of market openness principles in regulatory processes, and in sectors such as electricity and telecommunications. The policy recommendations present a balanced plan of action for both short and longer-term based on best international regulatory practices.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9264174036
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.1
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. ;Les pouvoirs fiscaux des administrations infranationales
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Taxing powers of state and local government
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les pouvoirs fiscaux des administrations infranationales
    RVK:
    Keywords: Steueraufkommen ; Föderalismus ; Internationaler Vergleich
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9264173420
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Preparing youth for the 21st century
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Berufsbildung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9264173811
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Agricultural finance and credit infrastructure in transition economie
    DDC: 330.09
    RVK:
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Osteuropa ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Landwirtschaft ; Finanzierung ; Agrarkredit
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9264172653
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Xenotransplantation
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Heterotransplantation
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789264274013
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Future of the Global Economy; Towards a Long Boom?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die Weltwirtschaft von morgen; Ein neues goldenes Zeitalter ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. O Futuro da Economia Global; Rumo a uma expansao duradoura?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Future of the Global Economy: Towards a Long Boom?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die Weltwirtschaft von morgen: Ein neues goldenes Zeitalter ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. O Futuro da Economia Global: Rumo a uma expansao duradoura?
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Les puissantes forces de changement qui convergent en cette fin de XXe siècle pourraient jeter les bases d'un essor économique durable pour les décennies à venir. La transition vers une société fondée sur le savoir pourrait générer de prodigieux gains de productivité. L'intégration des marchés mondiaux des biens, des services, du capital et de la technologie s'approfondit constamment. Et l'affirmation croissante d'une véritable conscience environnementale pourrait accélérer le passage à des modes de production et de consommation ménageant davantage les ressources. Il pourrait en résulter plusieurs décennies de croissance économique plus soutenue, des gains substantiels de revenus et de richesse, ainsi qu'une amélioration significative du bien-être à travers le monde.Mais comment libérer toute la dynamique de ces forces ? Toute une série d'initiatives sera nécessaire pour établir les règles et les cadres permettant de passer à une économie du savoir mondiale et durable. Mais par dessus tout les décideurs, que ce soit au niveau des gouvernements, des entreprises ou de la société en général, devront faire des efforts extraordinaires pour encourager l'innovation permanente, la créativité et des niveaux élevés d'investissement, tout en donnant l'impulsion à des approches novatrices qui accroissent la coopération internationale et favorisent la mise en place d'institutions efficaces. Même s'il est inévitable que les bénéfices diffèrent selon les pays, les capacités de création de richesses libérées par ce nouvel essor économique offrent une occasion unique d'inverser la tendance à l'accroissement des inégalités et de l'exclusion qui a marqué les dernières décennies.Ce livre s'appuie sur l'analyse des forces économiques et sociales à l'oeuvre dans le monde d'aujourd'hui, pour évaluer la probabilité d'un nouvel essor économique dans les premières décennies du XXIe siècle et mettre en lumière les politiques stratégiques indispensables pour en faire une réalité.Pour en savoir plus Les technologies du XXIe siècle : Promesses et périls d’un futur dynamique.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789264273368
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Quality and Internationalisation in Higher Education
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: L'internationalisation fait désormais partie intégrante des missions d'enseignement, de recherche et de services publics de bon nombre d'universités et d'établissements d'enseignement supérieur. En outre, les institutions opèrent sur un marché mondial où l'assurance et l'évaluation de la qualité sont devenues des questions particulièrement délicates et mobilisatrices. Cet ouvrage examine certaines des difficultés rencontrées pour assurer la qualité de l'internationalisation. Il offre un cadre de nature à aider les établissements à concevoir et passer en revue leurs propres stratégies et politiques. Des experts de renommée internationale y analysent un environnement en pleine mutation, notamment à travers des études de cas portant sur l'Australie, les États-Unis, la Finlande, le Kenya, le Mexique et la Pologne. On trouvera également dans cette publication la primeur d'un nouvel instrument : le processus d'examen de la qualité de l'internationalisation (IQRP - Internationalisation Quality Review Process). Il s'agit d'un outil de travail indispensable aux administrateurs et chefs d'établissements qui souhaitent développer la dimension internationale de leurs programmes et services.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789264073890
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Aid Activities in South-East Europe provides detailed information on individual commitments of Official Development Assistance (ODA) and Official Aid in the Balkan region for the years 1990-1998. This special edition includes the commitments reported by Members of the OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) as well as statistical tables which provide a more comprehensive picture. Data presented are unique, comparable and consistent with DAC statistics' definitions and methodologies. This publication contributes to the European Commission's and World Bank's joint effort to provide information on aid activities undertaken by OECD/DAC donors in South-East Europe. The information is designed for development agencies and institutions involved in country/sector programming and analysis. For each country, transactions are ordered by commitment year and sector, and for each sector, by donor.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173163
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Énergie ; les cinquante prochaines années
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Énergie : les cinquante prochaines années
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: How long will conventional fossil fuels remain the predominant source of energy? Does nuclear power have a future? What new energy technologies are emerging on the horizon? What are the implications of the growing role played by developing countries as producers and users of energy? What can be done to avoid international energy crises in the future? How will the information society affect the production and use of energy? And what will be the long-term implications of international environmental agreements for a sustainable energy future? Endeavours to set world energy on a sustainable footing are entering a critical phase. By 2050 the energy landscape could be completely transformed. A highly diversified mix of conventional and new fuels will be in use; unprecedented levels of energy efficiency in transport systems, housing and other infrastructures will likely have been attained; and people could at last be reaping the rewards of environmentally responsible lifestyles. But such a shift towards sustainable use of energy will take decades to achieve. This book reviews the options likely to shape the energy picture over the next half-century, and assesses some of the key issues -- economic, social, technological, environmental -- that decision-makers in government and corporations will need to address in the very near future.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789264173491
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p)
    Keywords: Economics ; Schloss La Muette
    Abstract: La Muette, home of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, has a long and rich history. This book tells its story from its inception as a royal hunting lodge to its present-day use as the headquarters of the OECD. The reader may find it amusing, and sometimes instructive, to meet some of the colourful characters who once roamed its galleries. The place itself has played a significant role in French history; the Château and its extensive park were once the theatre of many a strong sentiment and the locale is impregnated with memories, comic, tragic, venal, lofty, solemn and ludic. These traces of the past are the real substance of La Muette’s charm; they are also the voices that echo through this text and linger in the halls of the Château.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789264273160
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Energy; The Next Fifty Years
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Energy: The Next Fifty Years
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: Les combustibles fossiles vont-ils rester longtemps la source d'énergie prédominante ? L'énergie nucléaire a-t-elle un avenir ? Quelles technologies énergétiques se profilent à l'horizon ? Quelles sont les implications du rôle grandissant joué par les pays en développement en tant que producteurs et consommateurs d'énergie ? Comment évitera-t-on à l’avenir les crises énergétiques internationales ? Quelle influence la société de l'information aura-t-elle sur les modes de production et de consommation d'énergie ? Enfin, quelles conséquences les accords internationaux de protection de l'environnement destinés à assurer un avenir énergétique durable auront-ils à long terme ? Les efforts tendant à assurer des ressources énergétiques durables entrent aujourd’hui dans une phase décisive. A l'horizon 2050, le paysage énergétique pourrait être complètement bouleversé. On disposera d’une palette de sources d'énergie classiques et nouvelles très diversifiée. Les systèmes de transport, le logement et les autres infrastructures atteindront sans doute des niveaux sans précédent d'efficacité énergétique. Et les populations pourront enfin bénéficier de modes de vie respectueux de l'environnement. Des décennies seront toutefois nécessaires pour parvenir à une utilisation durable de l'énergie. Cet ouvrage passe en revue les choix qui façonneront la scène énergétique au cours des cinquante prochaines années et analyse certaines des questions clés -- d'ordre économique, social, technologique ou écologique -- auxquelles les décideurs publics et privés doivent s'attaquer sans tarder.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264274365
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Beneficial Uses and Production of Isotopes
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Les isotopes radioactifs et stables sont utilisés à travers le monde dans de nombreux secteurs, notamment en médecine, dans l'industrie, l'agriculture et la recherche. Les isotopes sont irremplaçables dans bon nombre de leurs applications et s'avèrent généralement plus efficaces et moins chers que d'autres techniques ou procédés. Cette publication est la première étude internationale sur les usages bénéfiques et la production d'isotopes. Elle donne une vue d'ensemble de leurs principaux usages ainsi que des informations détaillées sur les installations qui les produisent à travers le monde. Les tendances de l'offre et de la demande d'isotopes sont analysées. Enfin, les conclusions et recommandations qui sont faites signalent aux organismes gouvernementaux les questions clés qu'il leur faut examiner. Cette publication sera utile aux décideurs des agences gouvernementales impliquées dans la production et l'utilisation des isotopes ainsi qu'aux chercheurs et aux experts travaillant dans ce domaine.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173149
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173149
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789264273412
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education; Tertiary Education and Research in the Russian Federation 1999
    Keywords: Education ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: La rapidité, la nature et le caractère incertain de l’évolution de la situation économique, sociale et politique de la Fédération de Russie continuent à poser d'immenses défis pour l’enseignement tertiaire et la recherche dans les universités, les écoles professionnelles de niveau supérieur et les instituts de l’Académie des Sciences. Ces défis appellent des stratégies de réformes afin d’élargir le champ des opportunités d’apprentissage dans l’enseignement tertiaire et d'accroître la qualité et l'étendue de la recherche, mais aussi afin que l’enseignement tertiaire et la recherche puissent alimenter la croissance économique et contribuer au bien-être social. Cet ouvrage s'appuie sur l’une des études les plus récentes, complètes et prospectives en la matière. L’examen proposé tient compte des structures spécifiques, des atouts et des traditions de l’enseignement tertiaire et de la recherche en Fédération de Russie. Il offre un ensemble d’orientations générales et de recommandations spécifiques pour les politiques concernant des questions clés telles que : l’accès, la qualité et les niveaux d’enseignement ; les nouvelles orientations permettant de diversifier et rendre accessible l’enseignement tertiaire ; la qualité de la recherche dans les établissements académiques et les instituts de recherche ; et les réformes dans la gestion, l’administration et le financement de l’enseignement et de la recherche. Cet examen de l’enseignement tertiaire et des politiques de recherche a été précédé par une première analyse du système d’enseignement général russe intitulée Examens des politiques nationales d’éducation : Fédération de Russie.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789264074170
    Language: English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: 31
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273801
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Turkey 1999
    Keywords: Environment ; Turkey
    Abstract: Ce rapport consacré à la Turquie évalue les progrès accomplis ou à faire dans la réduction de la charge polluante, la gestion des ressources naturelles, l'intégration des politiques économique et environnementale et le renforcement de la coopération internationale. Les analyses s'appuient sur un large ensemble de données économiques et environnementales.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180192
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264272545
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Denmark 1999
    Keywords: Environment ; Denmark
    Abstract: Ce rapport consacré au Danemark évalue les progrès accomplis ou à faire dans la réduction de la charge polluante, la gestion des ressources naturelles, l'intégration des politiques économique et environnementale et le renforcement de la coopération internationale. Les analyses s'appuient sur un large ensemble de données économiques et environnementales.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174122
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (348 p.)
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Traditional welfare and employment policies have been unable to tackle the problems of high unemployment and exclusion in OECD countries and recently a wave of new approaches has emerged together with new political notions of welfare-to-work. This book describes these new approaches in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, France and the Netherlands. All these countries are relying increasingly on local agencies to design and manage policy to try and ensure that policy solutions meet local needs and to bring to bear local energies, skills and resources. What is the role that local agencies can play? How can they be integrated in effective partnerships? And what policy tools can best be applied? This book gives valuable answers to these questions and shows that governments and practitioners have much to learn from each other on the practicalities of implementing effective welfare-to-work policies. These Proceedings of the Sheffield Conference, held in November 1998 in collaboration with the Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) in the United Kingdom, were prepared by the Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Programme of the OECD's Territorial Development Service.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172876
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252 p)
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Why decentralise the public employment service? What are the reasons for the increasing reliance on local management approaches in designing and implementing employment policies? These trends are not merely institutional changes, rather they reflect a change in strategy. To enhance the effectiveness of employment policy, governments attempt to provide greater flexibility in implementation, adapt national policies to local conditions, and stimulate involvement from all stakeholders. The impact of these reforms is widespread. They effect the role of the state, the division of power between government layers, and, most of all, employment itself. This book provides the most comprehensive set of employment practices and experiences currently implemented in 26 countries available to date. A wide range of area-based approaches illustrates the need for flexible and specific answers to adapt to local conditions. To complete the picture, summary chapters outline new trends and common challenges governments face in designing and optimising employment policy decentralisation. It brings together papers from a Conference held in Venice in April 1998. [Decentralising Employment Policy: New Trends and Challenges] is essential reading for policy-makers, practitioners and all local actors involved in employment policies.
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173682
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The OECD Jobs Strategy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mise en oeuvre de la Stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi ; Évaluation des performances et des politiques
    Keywords: Employment
    Abstract: High and persistent unemployment remains a major economic and social problem for many OECD countries. Currently, some 35 million persons are unemployed across the area and many others are so discouraged that they are not even looking for a job. There is also increasing concern about precarious jobs and in-work poverty in some countries. The OECD Jobs Strategy was launched five years ago in response to these problems. And it works: the available empirical evidence shows that its continued and comprehensive implementation leads to durably lower unemployment and higher employment. What lies behind the disparities in levels and trends of unemployment rates across countries? Why have some countries outperformed others in terms of successfully cutting unemployment? Why do some groups in society - the young, older workers, the low-skilled - have difficulty finding and keeping rewarding jobs in many countries? Should the rise in temporary and part-time jobs be welcomed or resisted? This publication reviews these issues in light of countries’ experience in implementing The OECD Jobs Strategy. It puts the spotlight on groups at the margin of the labour market, and looks at the policies required to better integrate them.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174030
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les pouvoirs fiscaux des administrations infranationales
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation
    Abstract: In many OECD countries, issues in fiscal federalism feature prominently in the political debate. Policy discussions in this area should preferably be supported by internationally comparable statistical information on fiscal relations between levels of government, both in the areas of taxation and spending. The annual OECD Revenue Statistics publication reports tax revenues by sub-sector of general government. However, it does not indicate the degree of control state and local governments exercise over their tax revenues. Because such data are not available on an internationally comparable level from other sources, the OECD has developed a framework to assess and analyze the degree of control that sub-central governments have over their taxes. Results shown in this book serve to illustrate the great variety in tax autonomy at the level of sub-central government. This volume contains a description of fiscal relations in most of the nineteen countries concerned and it provides a set of detailed tables for each country, with revenues split by 1) level of sub-central government; 2) OECD classification of taxes; and 3) category of tax autonomy, following the framework developed by the Working Party on Tax Policy Analysis and Tax Statistics.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172654
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Over one million people world-wide have benefited from successful tissue and organ transplants and survival rates have dramatically improved. But transplantation has become a victim of its own success. The demand for human organs can no longer be met and deaths of persons on waiting lists have more than doubled since 1988. A number of alternatives have been proposed to fill the gap between the supply and demand of organs and the past few years have seen the development of various approaches derived from recent advances in biotechnology. Among these technologies is xenotransplantation - the transplantation of viable cells, tissues and organs from one animal species to another. Xenotransplantation of cells and tissues has been approved for clinical trials in a number of OECD countries. However, opinions about the risks from these early procedures and whether to proceed any further vary. At the New York 1998 Workshop on "International issues in transplantation biotechnology including the use of non-human cells, tissues and organs", world leaders in the field reported on the state of the art and unmet needs in transplantation, addressing in particular the potential, the risks, the ethics and socio-economic impacts of xenotransplantation. Based on presentations, transcripts of round-table discussions and comments raised at the workshop, this book provides an overview of the field and of current regulatory frameworks and addresses the most pressing international policy considerations on xenotransplantation.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789264173811
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (400 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: How to develop an effective and sustainable agricultural and rural finance system in a climate of accumulated debts, insolvency of the majority of agricultural enterprises, low profitability of agricultural production, and an unstable macro-economic situation - How to create a banking system that services agriculture and is adapted to diverse farm structures - How to introduce alternative financial and credit institutions and mechanisms - How to establish contractual arrangements between primary agriculture and the up- and downstream sectors - What should be the role of governments in establishing such systems? These are some of the issues addressed in the proceedings of the OECD expert meeting: "Agricultural Finance and Credit Infrastructure in Transition Economies", held in Moscow in February 1999. The meeting brought together over 200 policy-makers, government officials, independent
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173606
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Hungary
    Abstract: Lifelong Learning for All, the report emerging from the meeting of OECD Education Ministers signals their own commitment to advancing further this orientation in national education systems. Subsequent meetings of Labour and Social Affairs Ministers endorsed the relevance of a lifelong learning approach to address important aspects of labour and social policy issues. This report is the first country study organised in the form of an education policy review. It analyses the obstacles and challenges encountered thus far in adapting a lifelong learning approach to policy making in education and training from pre-school to adult education and retraining. Particular attention is given to education and the economy, regional development, new forms of distance education and financing.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264266315
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the driving forces binding countries into closer economic interdependence. The rapid increase in FDI flows has generated considerable debate about its environmental implications, in particular the impacts on environmental quality in the investment host country. A broader issue is the role of FDI in promoting sustainable development. To date, much of the debate has been polemical in nature. This volume moves the debate forward by analysing in a clear and considered manner the key issues in the FDI and environment relationship. Empirical evidence from OECD and non-OECD countries is presented and the strengths and weaknesses of policy and institutional frameworks that guide investors' environmental behaviour are discussed. In addition, the emerging role of voluntary commitments on the environment is examined. Best practices in this area are highlighted. The papers were presented at the OECD Conference on Foreign Direct Investment and the Environment held in January 1999 in The Hague.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174047
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.)
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: To further benefit from trade liberalisation, developed and developing countries must get their policies right, in trade and other spheres, such as the web of domestic regulations that affect commerce within and between countries. In the run-up to the November 1999 WTO Ministerial in Seattle, Washington, and a possible new round of multilateral trade negotiations, a Conference on trade and competition was held on 29-30 June 1999 at the OECD to explore the various options towards better coherence between trade and competition policies. This Conference provided OECD countries and 30 non-member countries, academics and representatives of business, trade unions and advocacy groups a unique opportunity to discuss ways to strengthen trade and competition policies in the interests of more open global markets. They examined the effects of trade measures on competition. They also debated whether private anticompetitive practices, and certain domestic regulations, point to the need for multilateral trade and competition rules. This publication summarises those discussions and includes keynote addresses by Sir Leon Brittan and U.S. Assistant Attorney General for Antitrust Joel Klein, as well as an issues paper drafted by the OECD Secretariat to serve as a background note for the Conference.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264474222
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de gouvernement d'entreprise de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Grundsätze der Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance; (Russian version)
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: En la última década el mundo ha sido testigo de transformaciones significantes del papel que juega el sector privado en el desarrollo de la economía y en la creación de empleos. Debido a que cada vez más países adoptan enfoques basados en mercado a la política económica, ha aumentado la conciencia de la importancia de corporaciones privadas para el bienestar de los individuos.Un buen régimen de gobierno corporativo ayuda a afirmar que las corporaciones utilizan su capital de manera eficaz. El buen gobierno corporativo ayuda además a asegurar que las corporaciones toman en cuenta los intereses de un amplio rango de componentes, al igual que para comunidades con las que operan, y que sus Juntas de Administración son responsables con la compañía y los accionistas. Ello ayuda a asegurar que las corporaciones operen para el beneficio de la comunidad. Ayuda a mantener la confianza de los inversionistas -trátese de nacionales o extranjeros - y a atraer capitales estables y a largo plazo.Los "Principios de la OCDE para el gobierno de las sociedades" fueron aprobados por los Ministros en la reunión del Consejo de la OCDE a nivel ministerial del 26-27 de mayo de 1999. Estos Principios responden al mandato dado a la Organización por el Consejo de la OCDE reunido a nivel ministerial del año 1998 a fin de definir normas y directrices de un sistema de gobierno de empresas de calidad.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9264170308
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei)
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Xenotransplantation
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: 18.03.1998 ; Organtransplantation ; Gesundheitskosten ; Welt ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Konferenzschrift ; Heterotransplantation
    Abstract: Over one million people world-wide have benefited from successful tissue and organ transplants and survival rates have dramatically improved. But transplantation has become a victim of its own success. The demand for human organs can no longer be met and deaths of persons on waiting lists have more than doubled since 1988. A number of alternatives have been proposed to fill the gap between the supply and demand of organs and the past few years have seen the development of various approaches derived from recent advances in biotechnology. Among these technologies is xenotransplantation - the transplantation of viable cells, tissues and organs from one animal species to another. Xenotransplantation of cells and tissues has been approved for clinical trials in a number of OECD countries.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264272095
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: 23
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. STI Review, Volume 1998 Issue 2; Special Issue on Public/Private Partnerships in Science and Technology
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. STI Review, Volume 1998 Issue 2: Special Issue on Public/Private Partnerships in Science and Technology
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174474
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Décentralisation et infrastructure locale au Mexique ; Une nouvelle politique publique de développement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Décentralisation et infrastructure locale au Mexique : Une nouvelle politique publique de développement
    DDC: 352.2/83/0972
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Mexico ; Mexiko ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Dezentralisation
    Abstract: This publication sheds light on the issue of decentralisation in Mexico. It shows that decentralisation can make decision-making more efficient and increase local participation in development issues. Decentralisation can provide a better framework to improve local infrastructure and to channel the necessary finance from public and private sources. The modernisation of infrastructure systems in Mexico's cities and regions would improve the quality of life and stimulate economic development, thus fostering entrepreneurship and employment. The initiatives being launched in Mexico in this direction constitute a major change of the country, one better adapted to the opportunities of the global economy and to the country's increasingly pluralistic system. Over time, Mexico will make better use of its own natural and human resources, reducing inequality and broadening opportunity throughout its territory.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and Club du Sahel
    ISBN: 9789264272903
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Finding Problems to Fit the Solutions; Twenty Years of Aid to the Sahel
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Finding Problems to Fit the Solutions: Twenty Years of Aid to the Sahel
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: La coopération internationale traverse une crise. Chacun s'interroge aujourd'hui sur son efficacité et même parfois son utilité. Après dix ans de " fatigue de l'aide ", voici un ouvrage lucide mais constructif qui jette un jour nouveau sur les problèmes rencontrés et fournit des propositions de réformes judicieuses et innovatrices. L'analyse de Jean-David Naudet constitue une contribution réelle à la littérature sur l'aide. Son approche combine la sensibilité du sociologue et l'expérience du praticien, tout en faisant quelques incursions clairvoyantes dans la théorie des organisations.A la fois pragmatique et concret, ce livre se fonde sur des contributions et des ateliers organisés par le Club du Sahel dans le cadre d'une étude approfondie sur la coopération internationale. Son style tranchant et son heureux usage des citations et des exemples en rendent la lecture particulièrement plaisante.Si cet ouvrage couvre essentiellement la région sahélienne, le diagnostic et les réformes qu'il propose restent pertinents pour l'ensemble de l'Afrique, et même au-delà. De même, le tableau saisissant qu'il dresse de la relation de coopération et de l'aide trouvera des échos dans bien des pays. " Naudet mérite d'être félicité pour avoir produit un ouvrage aussi provocateur et percutant" ElliotBerg. Jean-David Naudet est actuellement économiste au Groupement d’intérêt scientifique DIAL (Développement et insertion internationale).
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264189416
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gérer les systèmes nationaux d'innovation
    RVK:
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftspolitik
    Abstract: With the emergence of a knowledge-based society, innovation has become an increasingly important factor in the competitiveness of firms, the prosperity of nations and dynamic world growth. Innovation uses scientific progress to meet the changing needs of society and is thus one of the keys to sustainable development. Promoting innovation is now a high priority in most OECD countries. However, the pursuit of this objective is often hampered by an inadequate understanding of the extent to which the mechanisms of innovation are being transformed by globalisation, the development of information and communications technologies and the expanding scientific knowledge base. Drawing on new empirical data, this book analyses the fundamental changes in the linkages between industry and the science system as well as in the nature of the competencies required for firms to innovate. The changes which are transforming the respective roles of competition and co-operation in stimulating innovation and which are enabling enterprise creation and SMIs to play an increasingly active role in innovation are also examined. This book shows that innovation performance depends on the way in which the different components of the "innovation system" -- businesses, universities and other research bodies - interact with one another at the local, national and international levels, and concludes that the public authorities must change their approach to the promotion of innovation. This study defines the aims and tools of this new innovation policy and identifies examples of good policy practice recently implemented in OECD countries.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264289413
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Managing National Innovation Systems
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Avec l’émergence d’une économie fondée sur le savoir, l’innovation détermine plus que jamais la capacité concurrentielle des entreprises, la prospérité des nations et le dynamisme de la croissance mondiale. Elle mobilise le progrès scientifique au service des besoins évolutifs de la société et constitue ainsi l’une des clés d’un développement durable. La promotion de l’innovation s’affiche aujourd’hui comme une haute priorité dans la plupart des pays de l’OCDE. Cet objectif se heurte toutefois souvent à une compréhension insuffisante de la portée des transformations du processus d’innovation, que celles-ci soient produites par la mondialisation, le développement des technologies de l’information et des communications, ou l’élargissement de la base de connaissances scientifiques. A partir de données empiriques nouvelles, cet ouvrage montre combien les liens qui existent entre l’industrie et le système scientifique se trouvent transformés et analyse la nature des compétences nécessaires pour innover. Il rend également compte des mutations qui modifient les rôles respectifs de la concurrence et de la coopération en matière d'innovation et prend toute la mesure de l'impulsion croissante que la création d’entreprises et les PME donnent à la dynamique d’innovation. A la lumière de cette publication, il apparaît que la performance en matière d’innovation dépend de manière cruciale de la façon dont interagissent, aux niveaux local, national et mondial, les différents éléments constitutifs du « système d’innovation » que sont les entreprises, les universités et les autres organismes de recherche. D'où la nécessité pour les pouvoirs publics de modifier leur approche de la promotion de l’innovation. Cette étude énonce les objectifs et définit les instruments de cette nouvelle politique de l’innovation tout en identifiant certaines mesures exemplaires prises récemment dans les pays de l'OCDE.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273030
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789264273047
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Social Aspects of Road Transport
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Le séminaire, qui s’est tenu à Paris en décembre 1998, a été un forum de discussion particulièrement intéressant puisqu'il a permis de rassembler la communauté scientifique internationale et les instances en charge de la préparation des décisions politiques. Réunissant des délégués de plus de trente pays d’Europe, il a été l’occasion de débats autour de quatre thèmes récurrents : - les conditions de travail, notamment les effets des modifications envisagées du temps de travail sur la sûreté du travail et la santé du conducteur ; - l’accès à la profession et le devenir de celle-ci ; - les enjeux économiques, que ce soit la compétitivité des entreprises, la sous-traitance, la concurrence entre entreprises ou entre pays ; - le rôle et les limites des autorités publiques : faut-il de nouveaux règlements ou ne doit-on pas avant tout veiller à appliquer les règlements existants ? Doit-on aller vers des conventions collectives ou des règlements nationaux/internationaux ? Quels contrôles instaurer et quelles doivent en être les modalités ?
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