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  • 1975-1979
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  • World Bank  (156)
  • 1
    Book
    Book
    The Egyptian fertility survey, 1980 (1983-)
    Cairo : The Agency
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: ill , 30 cm
    DDC: 304.6/32/0962
    Keywords: Fertility ; Egypt ; Egypt ; Population ; Birth control ; Egypt
    Note: World Fertility Survey, International Statistical Institute , This project was conducted as part of the World Fertility Survey and with the collaboration of the World Bank"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references
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    Book
    GBV
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Afghanistan Development Update, October 2016 (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Security and development remain inextricably linked in Afghanistan, with the poor security environment continuing to exert a significant constraint on confidence, investment, and growth. As a result, in 2015, the economy grew at only 0.8 percent. In addition to the security situation, adverse weather conditions also constrained growth, contributing to a decline in agricultural production of 5.7 percent in 2015. Available data for the first half of 2016 indicate ongoing low levels of investment, with agricultural production expected to remain poor due to crop diseases and pests. Thus, in 2016, the growth rate is expected to reach only 1.2 percent, despite progress with a number of important initiatives that are expected to have a positive impact on Afghanistan's economic development, including Afghanistan's accession to the World Trade Organization and the opening of the Chabahar port in Iran. With the economic growth rate significantly lower than the population growth rate, it is expected that poverty will have increased in 2015 and that it is likely to continue to increase throughout 2016. In the medium-term future, economic growth is expected to gradually accelerate, increasing from 1.8 percent in 2017 to 3.6 percent in 2019. However, stronger growth in out-years is predicated on improvements in security, political stability, reform progress, and continued high levels of aid
    DOI: 10.1596/25350
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optimizing Investments in Belarus for the National HIV Response (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report summarizes the findings of an allocative efficiency analysis on Belarus` national HIV epidemic and response conducted in 2014-15. The report addresses core questions for resource allocation such "How can HIV funding be optimally allocated to the combination of HIV response interventions that will yield the highest impact?" or "What level of investment is required to achieve national targets, if we allocate resources optimally?". The report describes epidemiological and HIV financing trends as well as identifies sub-populations, which are most affected by the epidemic. Based on this information, the optimized mix of interventions for minimizing new HIV infections and deaths is identified using mathematical modelling techniques. Belarus could increase the impact of its HIV program by reallocating funds to high-impact programs. It could enhance this impact by increasing the total funding available to the HIV response so that high-impact programs could be scaled up further. With optimized allocations of the same amount of funding available as in 2013 (US
    DOI: 10.1596/25395
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Liberia Skills Development Constraints for Youth in the Informal Sector (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The labor force in Liberia is quite young. Youth aged 15 to 34 constitute over a third of thepopulation in Liberia and are somewhat concentrated in urban areas, according to the 2008census. These youth represent both a demographic dividend and a concern. The educational attainment of Liberian youth is steadily improving but remains low on average.Youth recognize that their lack of skills and experience are impediments to employment.The objective of this report is to assess youth skills development in Liberia.Given the composition of Liberia's economy and the concentration of the labor force outside formal employment, this report has a particular focus on skill development in vocational trades and the informal sector. This report comprises three analyses. Section Two constructs a profile of Liberian youth from existing administrative data are studied to enable a more detailed understanding of the current skill levels among working youth. Section Three first assesses skills development providers based on new survey data summarizes the results of original analysis carried out on data collected on a sample of 139 skill providers' training offerings, capacity, target beneficiaries, and other criteria. Next section three goes on to present young trainees' perceptions of skills development opportunities and limits, based on 354 interviews with recent trainees. This report contributes to the Government of Liberia's Agenda for Transformation (AfT) and the World Bank's Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) 2013-2017. Both recognize that inadequate skills and vulnerable employment are key constrictions on rapid, inclusive and sustainable growth.This report provides practical recommendations that align with pillars of the National Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Policy 2015-2020. This report makes recommendations specific to three pillars: promoting productivity in the agricultural sector through TVET, promoting productivity in the informal sector through TVET, and financing TVET
    DOI: 10.1596/25360
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bangladesh Development Update, October 2016 : Sustained Development Progress (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This update introduces Bangladesh's new poverty numbers at
    DOI: 10.1596/25274
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Colombia : Policy Strategy for Public Financial Management of Natural Disaster Risk (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Disasters resulting from natural hazards represent an important challenge for Colombia's fiscal sustainability and stability. Colombia's rate of economic growth is increasing the base of assets exposed to disaster risks, which may lead to significant increases in losses, particularly if investments in new assets are not accompanied by plans for mitigating disaster risk. The Government of Colombia (GoC) recognizes the importance of mitigating these events and has taken several steps to mainstream disaster risk management into its policy and programs, as evinced by the National Development Plan 2014-2018, all for a new country. This document presents the priority policy objectives that have been established to assess, reduce, and manage fiscal risk due to natural disasters. It also describes the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit (MHCP's) efforts to progress its policy objectives in the long term. These policy objectives represent the MHCP's ex ante policy framework regarding management of financial and fiscal disaster risk. The MHCP identifies three priority policy objectives in order to strengthen management of the government's contingent liabilities and thus support the goal of achieving macroeconomic stability and fiscal balance. The policy objectives are: (i) identification and understanding of fiscal risk due to disasters; (ii) financial management of natural disaster risk, including the implementation of innovative financial instruments; and (iii) catastrophe risk insurance for public assets
    DOI: 10.1596/24986
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Zambia Mining Investment and Governance Review (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Mining, Oil and Gas
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Zambia Mining Investment and Governance Review (MInGov) collects and shares information on mining sector governance, its attractiveness to investors and how its activities affect national development. It reviews sector performance from the perspective of three main stakeholder groups- government, investors in the mining value chain and civil society - and identifies gaps between declared and actual government policy and practice. The review's key findings are: Performance across the value chain is strongest in topics most closely associated with mining and which are related to the content of laws and regulations, though implementation of these is wanting in some instances; Sector development is constrained by a number of bottlenecks; According to investors, a number of areas are constraining mining investment and returns; The three key stakeholder groups agree on a number of topics they believe are particularly important to strengthen sector governance, investment and development impact; Civil society believes there is a number of weaknesses sector governance, including the poor handling of environment and social impacts of mining; problems with human rights associated with the sector; ineffective development planning as it relates to mining; issues concerning land access, compensation and resettlement; and the absence of revenue sharing between national and local government.MInGov's methodology focuses on the status of governance and investment conditions in the mining sector from the perspective of stakeholders, and as reported in primary and secondary sources. However, less-well covered areas include the quality of its infrastructure services, the security of property from theft, the underlying strength of institutions, and ways to enhance mining's contribution to local and national development.This report presents data on mining investment and governance indicators for Zambia that are current as of October 2015
    DOI: 10.1596/24317
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Islamic Republic of Mauritania Public Expenditure Review : Surfing the Wave - Public Spending during the Commodity Super-Cycle and Beyond (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Mauritania's economic gro ...
    DOI: 10.1596/27906
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    What Did We Learn? : The Shelter Response and Housing Recovery in the First Two Years after the 2010 Haiti Earthquake (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The response to the January 2010 Haiti earthquake has been in the spotlight ever since the disaster, and a significant number of evaluations and analyses have been disseminated in the years since. This report is intended to help housing and shelter practitioners improve future post-disaster shelter responses and housing recovery programs and the integration between them. The report covers the shelter and housing responses in Haiti, and looks especially at how early decisions about sheltering affected the housing response. The analysis also covers other interrelated topics that heavily affected work on shelter and housing: disaster risk management (DRM), the urban context, and recovery financing
    DOI: 10.1596/26729
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    2015 Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability of Colombia's Public Financial Management Systems (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The objective of the 2015 Colombia Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) assessment is to have an updated diagnosis of the performance of the public financial management (PFM) system in the country so as to (i) determine the progress made with the reforms implemented in recent years by the Government of Colombia (GoC), (ii) understand the impacts of these reforms, (iii) establish the tools and next steps necessary to consolidate the progress made, and (iv) promote long-term economic stability and sustainability. The scope of the PEFA Colombia 2015 exercise covers the Central Government and the assessment analysis period are the last three completed fiscal years (2012, 2013, and 2014), at the time of the assessment (December 2015). The field mission took place in Bogota between November 12 and December 18, 2015, and this report was prepared between January 4 and August 17, 2016, incorporating comments from the Government of Colombia and guest reviewers
    DOI: 10.1596/26643
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Promoting Green Urban Development in African Cities : eThekwini, South Africa Urban Environmental Profile (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: City Development Strategy
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The city of eThekwini or Durban has undergone a period of rapid urbanization that has contributed to the degradation of the city's natural environment. Climate change is placing further strains on the city's ability to manage the urban environment. The urban environmental profile of eThekwini has been prepared as the first component of the assignment promoting green urban development in Africa: enhancing the relationship between urbanization, environmental assets and ecosystem services, a project being conducted under the leadership of the World Bank. An overall objective of this project is to link the study of urban environmental issues with the advancement of more sustainable urban growth. The profile summarizes the existing quality of the terrestrial and other aquatic environmental assets, identifies the key drivers that are the cause of their vulnerability, and describes the key institutional challenges and constraining factors that limit the city's ability to address environmental management challenges. Identification of the key environmental assets and key drivers of environmental degradation within the city required a more comprehensive review of reports on urban planning and infrastructure services. The urban environmental profile is organized as follows: section one gives introduction. Section two, eThekwini context, sets the background, and context of the study of Durban, providing an overview of the impacts of urbanization and climate change and drawing the link to the urban environment. Section three, quality of the environmental assets of eThekwini describes the state of the key environmental assets of eThekwini: the terrestrial assets, aquatic assets, coastal assets, and the air, and attempts to infer the associated historic and current trends. Section four, drivers of environmental vulnerability and degradation describes the key issues that are driving degradation, the impacts caused, and the reason for these challenges. Section five, institutional issues and challenges describes the key factors that constrain the eThekwini's ability to effectively address environmental management challenges. Section six, key findings provides a synthesis of key findings of the study
    DOI: 10.1596/24037
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Punjab Service Delivery Assessment : A Decision-Making Tool for Transforming Funds into Improved Services (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Water and Sanitation Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Punjab province has seen visible and laudable improvements in the quantum of water supply and sanitation services available to its citizens in the past decades. In the water supply sector, the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets have either already been met (notably in the rural water sector) or coverage is significant. In the sanitation sector, the achievements are less impressive, highlighting it as a neglected sector. There has also been steady progress in the development of policy frameworks, using national policies and guidelines as a touchstone. However, while prima facie progress would appear to be solid, the study reveals that, in fact, achievements are fragile, and serious structural issues threaten to undermine progress in the sector. Further, the quality of service is assessed as poor, with limited recourse for customers. Institutional fragmentation, piecemeal and heavily politicized planning efforts with little cohesion, and heavy and misdirected subsidies mark the sector, and negate sustainability. Evidence indicates that the gains of the past decades are likely to be reversed, and MDG targets will in fact not be met, should these issues not be addressed as a matter of urgency. As Pakistan and Punjab province move towards newly elected governments, there is an opportunity for spearheading reform. The 18th Constitutional Amendment has already given the province control of the sector. An important water Act lies on the anvil and passing this could put in place the framework for developing a coherent sector-wide approach, and provide legal impetus for the creation of a regulatory authority. This will be an important starting point for addressing the structural flaws, which currently beset the sector. This Service Delivery Assessment (SDA) has been produced in collaboration with the Government of Punjab and other stakeholders
    DOI: 10.1596/26428
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How to Make Grants a Better Match for Private Sector Development (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Matching grants (MGs) have been implemented by the World Bank for over two decades. They remain a very popular instrument for private sector development interventions, despite often challenging implementation and insufficient evidence of impact. The objective of this study is to synthesize the current knowledge on MGs and to review the experience with this instrument, as designed and implemented by the World Bank from the early 1990s to the present. In doing so, we hope to equip teams in charge of ongoing and planned MG operations with a better understanding of the instrument and to help them choose the design and implementation arrangements that are best fitted to their objectives. The authors look at both the 'why' and the 'how' of MG programs, focusing on those aiming to foster private sector development and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) competitiveness primarily through the use of business development services (BDS). The authors also look at how success is defined and question the way the outcome of MG programs is often assessed. While 75 percent of projects in the sample were deemed to have some degree of success, the definition of success rarely reflects a measurement of broad and sustainable economic benefits that will justify the subsidization of private enterprises with public funds. We argue that this is linked to a common weakness in identifying a sound economic rationale, such as a specific market failure to be solved, and in subsequently not focusing the design and measurement of the MG on the fund's additionality beyond the private benefit of recipients. The authors conclude that a robust definition of the economic rationale is a critical prerequisite for the use of MG programs and should include, among others, an identification of a specific market failure, consideration of alternative instruments, cost-benefit analysis, assessment of the potential for additionality and spillovers, and a realistic exit strategy. The authors recommend an equally robust monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system tied directly to the economic rationale, which is essential for real-time assessment of impact, potential course correction, and learning, and could be utilized to gauge additionality and sustainability. Increased attention to these elements could help teams make the most of this potentially powerful instrument for private sector development and competitiveness
    DOI: 10.1596/26434
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification for Development : Sierra Leone (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Government of Sierra Leone (GOSL) has developed an ambitious plan in 2014 to reform civil registration in the country and to establish a national identity register. About 5 percent of people in Sierra Leone are registered in a national identity registry, managed by the National Registration Secretariat (NRS). The development of digital identity in Sierra Leone can help the country's economic and social development. The use of an official identity can improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of collecting taxes, conducting census, issuing passports, delivering pensions, managing elections, controlling borders, delivering financial services, and running effective safety net programs. This report provides a rapid diagnosis of the potential and readiness of digital identity in Sierra Leone, and is funded by the Korean Trust Fund (KTF) and the Ebola multi-donor trust fund (MDTF). The report is based on consultations held with the GOSL and with stakeholders in the identity ecosystem of Sierra Leone. The report provides a preliminary review of the enabling environment and the functional identity programs in Sierra Leone, along with a discussion of possible next steps
    DOI: 10.1596/26439
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 15
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    Online Resource
    Strengthening the Citizen-State Compact through Feedback : Effective Complaint Management as a Pathway to Articulate Citizen Voice and Improve State Response (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Palestinian Authority is committed to improving state-citizen relations through various mechanisms including the complaints resolution. The objective of this technical assistance, which has been undertaken at the request of the DGC, is to strengthen the Complaint Handling Mechanisms (CHMs) in five Palestinian ministries/government entities that are supported by World Bank-financed projects, as well as the DGC. This summary report synthesizes key findings that have emerged throughout the technical assistance and formulates Ministry-specific recommendations. It forms the basis of a possible phase II of the project, which would support the implementation of recommendations. The report presents the innovative methodology used to bring together the demand- and supply-side perspectives on CHMs in targeted ministries; the key findings from the survey and the ministry-by-ministry assessments; the key suggestions for improvement; and finally the next steps. The technical assistance has generated high client interest among the concerned Ministries, the DGC and development partners.The technical assistance has generated high client interest among the concerned Ministries, the DGC and development partners. This summary report synthesizes key findings that have emerged throughout the technical assistance and formulates Ministry-specific recommendations. It forms the basis of a possible phase II of the project which would support the implementation of recommendations. The technical assistance also aligns with the focus on strengthening the citizen-state compact specified in the WBG Assistance Strategy FY15-16 for the West Bank and Gaza. The report is structured as follows: Part two presents the context; Part three presents the methodology used to bring together the demand- and supply-side perspectives on CHMs in targeted ministries; Part four presents the key findings from the survey and the ministry-by-ministry assessments; Part five presents the key suggestions for improvement; and finally Part six presents the next steps
    DOI: 10.1596/26217
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  • 16
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    An Assessment of the Investment Climate in Nigeria : The Challenges of Nigeria's Private Sector (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report presents employment in Nigeria from a worker perspective as well as from a firm perspective. Using recent household data, the report complements the report more, and more productive, jobs for Nigeria: a profile of work and workers' (World Bank 2015) and provides an overview of employment opportunities in Nigeria from a labor force perspective. This report also intends to investigate the job agenda from a firm perspective and represents a first attempt to better understand the drivers of economic diversification, firm growth, and employment in Nigeria. The report draws on two different data sources: the General Household Survey (GHS) and the Enterprise Survey. The GHS provides data on the contribution of wage work to the Nigerian economy and its share of total employment. The GHS module on non-farm household enterprise provides information on the dynamics of micro and small enterprises, as well as the constraints they face. The Enterprise Survey, conducted in Nigeria from April 2014 to February 2015, was used to analyze the dynamics and constraints of the formal sector in Nigeria. The survey sample, which was limited to formally established companies with five or more employees, was composed of firms across nineteen states engaged in manufacturing, construction, or retail and wholesale trade. The results are presented in four regional groups: Lagos; Kano and Kaduna states; other southern states (Abia, Abuja, Anambra, Cross River, Enugu, Ogun, and Oyo); and other northern states (Gombe, Jigawa, Katsina, Kebbi, Kwara, Nasarawa, Niger, Sokoto, and Zamfara). A module on innovation was also administered to a portion of the survey sample. Details on the Enterprise Survey are provided in annex two
    DOI: 10.1596/25767
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  • 17
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    Republic of Armenia Programmatic Fiscal Work : Supporting Effective Fiscal Management (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The objective of this report, which is the third in a series of programmatic public expenditure reviews (PPER), is to identify potential measures to strengthen public finances in line with the Government's strategy to reduce fiscal risks and support budgetary consolidation. The PPER series assesses public expenditures and their alignment with development goals. For this phase of the PPER, three areas were identified with the Government as absent from previous reports yet of particular relevance given growing spending pressures. The first is efficiency of government spending on social sectors and public investment, where efficiency is defined in terms of outcomes achieved. The second area of relevance encompasses quasi-fiscal risks and contingent liabilities of the energy sector. The third area pertains to selected subsidies, which are budgeted to rise exponentially in 2016. This report is anchored in the Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) pillars of improving governance, efficiency of public administration, and service delivery. This report is divided into three chapters, each covering the very distinct fields of fiscal management identified above: (i) first chapter covers on Macroeconomic and Fiscal Challenges; (ii) second chapter focuses on Quasi-Fiscal Pressures of the Energy Sector; and (iii) third chapter deals with the Assessment of Explicit Budget Subsidies. The report employs highly discrete conceptual and analytic frameworks for each of the analyzed areas in order to draw conclusions and provide recommendations
    DOI: 10.1596/25771
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  • 18
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    Country Partnership Framework for Islamic Republic of Afghanistan for the Period FY17 to FY20 (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) covers the four-year period, from FY2017 through FY2020. The World Bank Group (WBG) has relied up to now on a series of short two-year Interim Strategy Notes (ISNs) to capture its strategic engagement. The CPF sets out a medium-term strategic framework that is intended to be flexible and responsive to the rapidly evolving situation in Afghanistan. It is aligned with country priorities as outlined in the government's "Realizing Self-Reliance: Commitments to Reforms and Renewed Partnership" paper presented to the London Afghanistan Conference in December 2014 and draft National Peace and Development Framework (ANPDF). It is based on the findings and recommendations of the Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD), which was completed in February 2016
    DOI: 10.1596/25739
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  • 19
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    North-East Nigeria Recovery and Peace Building Assessment : Component Report (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Since 2009, insecurity in the North-East of Nigeria has led to the loss of over 20,000 lives and the displacement of over two million people. Throughout the region livelihoods have been disrupted, and homes, public buildings and infrastructure destroyed. In a part of Nigeria where 80 percent of people rely on agriculture for their livelihoods, much has been lost. People have been forced from their land and livestock has been killed. In many areas, land mines and other remnants of war bring challenges for safe and voluntary return. While Borno, Adamawa and Yobe States bore the brunt of the direct impacts of the conflict, the three neighboring states of Gombe, Taraba and Bauchi have taken in scores of people who have been displaced, taxing their communities, economic resource, social services and infrastructure. Schools have been damaged, health clinics destroyed and many people have been left vulnerable by this crisis. The Government of Nigeria has made great strides in retaking and stabilizing large portions of the North-East, but the work to restore the lives of those affected is just beginning. This assessment, led by the Government of Nigeria and supported by local, national and international partners, has helped quantify the physical, social and economic impacts of the crisis in the North-East, and will inform the process of stabilization, peace building and recovery in the region. The RPBA is a necessary tool that will help us gather the resources and develop the capacities to address these challenges. The results will help reduce suffering in affected communities, restore a sense of normalcy and regain the trust of people in the region
    DOI: 10.1596/25778
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  • 20
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    Georgia Country Gender Assessment (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Gender Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This country gender assessment (CGA) reviews the state of equality between women and men in Georgia in access to opportunities, that is, equality in rights, resources, and voice for women and men. Equality of rights refers to equality under the law, whether customary, or statutory. Equality of resources refers to equality of access to human capital investments, productive resources, and markets. Equality of voice refers to the capacity to make decisions about one's own life, to act on these decisions, and to influence and contribute to the political discourse and the development process. Recognizing the commitment to gender equality in the constitution, in the legal framework, and in policies, this report mainly focuses on the state of equality in resources and voice. Specifically, the report reviews the extent of equality in the areas of demography, human capital, economic opportunities, and voice and agency and points to some common patterns
    DOI: 10.1596/26091
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    Colombia : Key Attributes of Effective Resolution Regimes for Financial Institutions (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Abstract: At the request of the Colombian authorities, the bank resolution regime was assessed against the Key Attributes of Effective Resolution Regimes for Financial Institutions (KAs). The assessment was conducted by staff of the Financial Stability Board (FSB), International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank utilizing the draft KA Assessment Methodology (AM). The assessment reviewed the resolution regime as of October 2015, and was limited to the banking sector, considering only those elements of the AM that directly relate to bank resolution without assessing those addressing the resolution of insurance firms, investment firms and financial market infrastructures (FMIs). As a draft methodology was used, the findings of the assessment should be viewed as preliminary. A central goal of this assessment was to test the draft AM, and a future revision of the AM might yield different results with respect to the adherence of the Colombian bank resolution regime to the KAs. In this light, no ratings were assigned in this review. This assessment was the first one undertaken in a country that is not a member of the FSB, or home to a Global Systemically Important Financial Institution (G-SIFI)
    DOI: 10.1596/24273
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    Corporate Sector Accounting and Auditing in the Acquis Communautaire : A Building Block of the Internal Market (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: This guide is designed to ensure that a comprehensive overview of the relevant provisions of the acquis communautaire is available to policymakers, regulators, and other stakeholders in countries with a European vocation or those simply wishing to take the European Union (EU) regulatory model into account when devising their own national approaches. This guide outlines and summarizes the EU legislative framework governing corporate sector accounting and auditing. The guide begins by giving a brief history and overview of the EU, its institutions, and legislative processes in section one. In section two, the guide focuses on the development of the internal market, particularly in the areas of financial market integration and company law harmonization. Section three addresses the harmonization of accounting and auditing in the EU. Section four looks at the most pressing accounting and auditing issues for the EU
    DOI: 10.1596/24425
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    Optimizing Investments in Georgia's HIV Response (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: Georgia has a concentrated but growing HIV epidemic. Over the past decade, HIV prevalence has increased among all population groups, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). If current conditions (behaviors and service coverage) are sustained up to 2030, the epidemic is expected to stabilize among female sex workers (FSWs). At the same time, HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWID) and the clients of female sex workers (FSW) may increase, but at a slower rate than in the past. MSM account for the largest proportion of new infections and experience the highest prevalence levels of HIV (13 percent in 2012).1 However, prevention programs that specifically target MSM currently account for approximately only 3 percent of HIV spending.The HIV epidemic in the general population is expected to increase due largely to the increasing HIV prevalence among MSM and existing prevalence among PWID.The HIV epidemic among PWID in Georgia has stabilized due to significant and prolonged efforts to target this population.Testing key populations and their sexual partners is the most cost-effective strategy to identify those who require antiretroviral therapy (ART). Testing key populations and their sexual partners is the most cost-effective strategy to identify those who require antiretroviral therapy (ART).Opportunities exist to further optimize investments.Improvements in technical efficiency may provide additional gains.The health and economic burden of HIV in Georgia is growing.In the long term, the model predicts that HIV resource needs will increase with rising incidence and prevalence. However, the analysis estimates that optimizing current allocations by increasing spending on ART provision while sustaining investment in key populations could save approximately 224,635 dollars annually. The results also show that optimizing the allocation of current spending would lower annual spending commitments for newly infected PLHIV by approximately 15 percent. Current annual spending will not be enough to achieve National HIV Strategic Plan and international targets
    DOI: 10.1596/24966
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    Assessing the Impact of WTO Accession on Belarus : A Quantitative Evaluation (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Foreign Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Capital Flows Study
    Abstract: As a small and open economy, Belarus' development perspectives are intrinsically linked to its ability to produce and sell goods and services competitively in the global marketplace. While Belarus is an open economy, its trade links are concentrated both in terms of products and markets. Mineral goods -most importantly refined oil and potassium chloride - are the main export product accounting for more than 1/3 of total exports. Non mineral exports, including most importantly machinery, vehicles and transport equipment are mostly exported to Russia and other CIS markets, which account for 74 percent of non-mineral exports while the share of EU countries in Belarus non-mineral exports account for less than 15 percent. With Russia's WTO accession in 2012 competitive pressures on Belarus' major market for non-mineral exports have further intensified. As Belarus is accelerating its own negotiations with the WTO, understanding the challenges and opportunities faced by the country's exporters is critical to putting in place an effective adaptation strategy that will enhance competitiveness and ensure Belarus can take full advantage of more open market access. The objective of this note is to analyze the economic impacts of Belarus' potential accession to the WTO. The note utilizes a modern computable general equilibrium model of the economy of Belarus to simulate impacts on the economy as a whole and on individual sectors
    DOI: 10.1596/24698
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    Nepal Development Update, May 2016 : Remittances at Risk (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: During 2015, and in the span of six-months, Nepal was hit by two major shocks. The first one was the April 2015 earthquakes that caused a huge loss of life and assets. The second shock has come in the form of a near complete disruption of external trade following the adoption of the new Constitution. Reflecting both the earthquake and trade related disruptions, inflation spiked to over 12 percent (y/ y) by mid-January rising 5 percentage points in just four months from mid-September 2015. This was the highest inflation level since FY2009, with increases in food and non-food prices contributing equally to the spike. As the trade disruptions ended, inflation has eased to back to single digits
    DOI: 10.1596/24663
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    Ukraine Country Environmental Analysis (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Environmental Analysis
    Abstract: The objective of the Country Environmental Analysis (CEA) is to assess the adequacy and performance of the policy, legal, and institutional framework for environmental management in Ukraine, in light of the decentralization process of environmental governance and wider reform objectives, and to provide recommendations to government to address the key gaps identified. Ukraine is the second largest country in Europe and has a population of 43 million, the majority of whom live in urban areas. It is a lower middle income country, with the services, industry and agriculture sectors being main contributors to the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Ukraine faces a number of environmental challenges, as identified in its National Environmental Strategy 2020 (NES). Key among these are: air pollution; quality of water resources and land degradation; solid waste management; biodiversity loss; human health issues associated with environmental risk factors; in addition to climate change. The scope of Ukrainian environmental legislation is quite broad and comprehensive (more than 300 legal acts) and covers most areas of environmental protection and natural resources management. However, the environmental legislation faces a number of weaknesses:The environmental legislation is largely declaratory in nature and does not have all the essential enforcement mechanisms for the implementation of legal acts and international agreements; Many of the acts are not coordinated with each other; and Legislation undergoes limited analysis of its impact-for example, no in-depth analysis such as Regulatory Impact Analysis is conducted for proposed pieces of legislation
    DOI: 10.1596/24971
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    Afghanistan Development Update, April 2016 (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: The withdrawal of international security forces since 2014 and continuing political uncertainties have resulted in a significant deceleration to economic growth, with fiscal pressures increasing as security threats mount. However, to a significant extent, Afghanistan has successfully managed the immediate challenges resulting from the transition. It has maintained macroeconomic stability and established the conditions for a slow recovery of the economy. Risks to the economy remain significant, and it is vital that the Government identify new sources of growth to replace the declining donor inflows over the longer-term. The medium-term outlook points towards a slow recovery over the next three years. The rate of growth is projected to reach 1.9 percent in 2016, assuming adjustments in firms and households' behavior in the context of the deteriorating security environment. Growth is projected to gradually increase from 1.9 percent in 2016 to 3.6 percent in 2018, if the political situation stabilizes and planned reforms are successfully implemented. On the other hand, any deterioration in the security environment could weaken growth prospects, with this risk being the most significant faced by the country
    DOI: 10.1596/24396
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    ICT and the Education of Refugees : A Stocktaking of Innovative Approaches in the MENA Region (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: More than 10 million school-age children have been forced out of school in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) due to armed conflict in Syria, Iraq, Yemen, Libya and other countries. Most are displaced internally but others have fled across borders to seek refuge. Displacement may have become a constant, perhaps permanent feature of the 21st century; if so, it is important to be prepared and develop a lasting capacity to deal with displacement wherever it occurs and enact policies that support and enable new ways to learn.As governments and international agencies struggle to ensure these children a safe learning environment and a good quality education, many look to information and communications technology (ICT) to provide at least part of the solution. The use of smartphones and other mobile devices, ubiquitous even among impoverished refugees, can provide a platform that educators can leverage to reach marginalized children and youth.The purpose of this note is to provide a clear and concise snapshot of the role ICT has played, the promise it holds, the projects that are currently under preparation, and what more might be done. This is in no way a comprehensive assessment but rather an attempt to promote dialogue and inform programs. Among the main points are the following: The situation of refugees in MENA is highly diverse and ICT-supported interventions can be and must be correspondingly diverse: indeed, each intervention should be tailored to particular needs of particular groups and be integrated with an appropriate pedagogy. Technology can also aid parents and relief organizations, not only students and teachers. While UN agencies strive to integrate refugees into local school systems, the potential of small-scale private schooling, assisted by technology, should be explored. ICT can replace teachers and organized learning only in rare instances; but it can provide effective support to education, especially when supplemented with teacher training. Many seek evidence that technology-assisted approaches are effective, but little has been gathered with respect to ICT in education generally, let alone in emergency situations. The current situation provides numerous opportunities to build the evidence base, even carry out randomized control trials, and thereby improve ICT interventions and bring them to scale. In the meantime, lacking a robust evidence base, researchers and practitioners have formulated design principles that can provide guidance
    DOI: 10.1596/25172
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    Republic of Angola Poverty and Social Impact Analysis : Subsidy Reform and Extension of Social Protection Program (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Abstract: As the second largest African oil producer, Angola had unsustainable government expenditures in effect until 2014 due to the drop in international oil prices. The Government responded with a comprehensive reform program including the gradual elimination of most fuel subsidies and an extension of the social protection program Cartao Kikuia. This report analyzes the impact of those reforms on poverty using micro-level simulations based on the most recent household consumption survey IBEP (2008). First, household data is projected to 2015 incorporating changes in population numbers as reported by the Population Census 2014. Second, the impact of the subsidy reforms is estimated by applying the price changes due to the reform to household budgets. Third, the extension of the Cartao Kikuia program is simulated as a cash transfer by adjusting budgets of targeted households with the non-cash benefit from Cartao Kikuia
    DOI: 10.1596/25105
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    Jordan Economic Monitor, Fall 2016 : Reviving a Slowing Economy (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Jordan's economic growth has been subdued in the last year as spillovers from regional instability take a toll. Jordan has been managing spillovers from the Syrian crisis including closure of trade routes with Iraq and Syria and hosting more than 656,000 registered Syrian refugees with UNCHRwith an estimated 1.3 million Syrians in Jordan as per the census. While the Jordanian economy hasheld up with growth generated from a number of sectors, it has been losing momentum. Growth of2.1 percent in the first half of 2016 slightly declined compared to 2.2 percent in first half of 2015. The outlook is subject to downside risks. Compared to the region, Jordan's growth forecast of 2.3 percent for 2016 is in line with the average growth rate for the Middle East and North Africa. However, higher frequency of security incidents are materializing around Jordan and could further depress consumer and investor confidence. Containing the fiscal deficit and implementing the new IMF program will be challenging as some adjustment measures could be considered socially sensitive. In parallel, the implementation of planned reforms to improve the functioning of the labor market, improve the investment climate and unlock access to finance which are vital to stimulate economic activity, and improve welfare. Finally, Jordan's external position will face further pressures if expected grants and concessional financing do not materialize and grants are not sustained and increased
    DOI: 10.1596/25463
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    Pakistan Development Update, November 2016 : Making Growth Matter (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Pakistan's growth accelerated in FY16, driven by consumption while investment remained low. Exports continued to fall when soft global demand exacerbated the effects of Pakistan's long-term decline in competitiveness. After achieving macroeconomic stability, the government continued to deliver on its structural reform agenda in FY16, but much remains to be done if growth is to bestrengthened and sustained. The report begins with a chapter on economic developments, withsections on growth, fiscal policy, the external sector and monetary developments. The second chapter provides an outlook and describes upcoming challenges, including structural reform needs and progress in social indicators. The final chapter identifies several topical issues for detailed analysis, including sections on poverty, nutrition, Karachi urban planning and infrastructure, and the FY17 federal budget
    DOI: 10.1596/25358
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    Lebanon Economic Monitor, Fall 2016 : The Big Swap - Dollars for Trust (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Lebanon Economic Monitor provides an update on key economic developments and policies overthe past six months. It also presents findings from recent World Bank work on Lebanon. It places them in a longer-term and global context, and assesses the implications of these developments and other changes in policy on the outlook for Lebanon. Its coverage ranges from the macro-economy tofinancial markets to indicators of human welfare and development. As the political stalemate continues, policy-making bodies of the country are mostly inoperative. This is manifested by a presidential vacancy for two and a half years, a parliament that seldom convenes and a cabinet that hardly finds a consensus to take decisions. Amid fiscal policy paralysis, monetary policy under the proactive Banque du Liban (BdL) continues to actively manage economic and financial challenges facing the country. Economic activity in 2016 is marginally picking up, thanks to the construction and travel sectors in the context of benign security conditions. Real GDP growth is estimated to have reached 1.3 percent in 2015 and is projected to accelerate slightly to 1.8 percent, in 2016, partly on account of a moderate first half of 2016
    DOI: 10.1596/25356
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    Optimizing Investments in the Kyrgyz Republic's HIV Response (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report summarizes the findings of an allocative efficiency analysis on the Kyrgyz Republic`s national HIV epidemic and response conducted in 2014-15. The report addresses core questions for resource allocation such 'How can HIV funding be optimally allocated to the combination of HIV response interventions that will yield the highest impact?' or 'What level of investment is required to achieve national targets, if we allocate resources optimally?'. The report describes epidemiological and HIV financing trends as well as identifies sub-populations, which are most affected by the epidemic. Based on this information, the optimized mix of interventions for minimizing new HIV infections and deaths is identified using mathematical modelling techniques. Required investments into programs for key populations and antiretroviral treatment are established and translated into policy recommendations. The Kyrgyz Republic's HIV epidemic is transitioning from an early concentrated epidemic among people who inject drugs (PWID) into an advanced concentrated HIV epidemic with continued transmission among PWID, but an increasing share of sexual transmission to female partners of PWID and among men who have sex with men (MSM). The Optima model projected that, with current spending, the estimated 1,000 annual new infections in 2014 will increase to 1,100, and estimated deaths from 400 in 2014 to 600 deaths per year on average, over 2015-20
    DOI: 10.1596/25377
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    Philippine Economic Update, October 2016 : Outperforming the Region and Managing the Transition (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Philippines has emerged as one of the most dynamic economies in the East Asia region. Despite a challenging global economic environment, the Philippine economy has grown at a rapid pace over the past five years, supported by sound macroeconomic fundamentals and a highly competitive workforce. Strong capital investment and robust domestic demand have helped secure the Philippines' position as the leading growth performer among major economies in East Asia and the Pacific. Public spending rose by more than 10 percent during the first half of 2016, as the government continued to implement its ambitious investment program. Services and industry remained the primary engines of growth, while the lingering effects of El Nino further diminished agricultural output and a weaker-than-expected global recovery continued to hinder the export sector. Nevertheless, the GDP growth rate rose from 5.5 percent in the first half of 2015 to 6.9 percent in the first half of 2016, enabling the Philippines to outperform regional peers such as China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam
    DOI: 10.1596/25271
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    Making Climate Finance Work in Agriculture (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This discussion paper was ...
    DOI: 10.1596/24686
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    Burkina Faso Poverty and Vulnerability Analysis (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Poverty Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Burkina Faso is a West African Sahelian landlocked country covering 274,200 square kilometers. In January 2015, the population was estimated at just over 17.9 million. The capital city is Ouagadougou. The country has a tropical climate with two very distinct seasons: dry and rainy. In the rainy season which lasts from May/June to September, the country receives between 600 an d900 mm of rainfall in the south, but less than 600 mm in the Sahel in the north. Despite the hard climate the country has agricultural and livestock-breeding potential that represents around a quarter of GDP (2010-2014) and provide a living for more than 80 percent of the population. Burkina Faso is the top cotton producer in Africa. The principal subsistence crops are sorghum, millet, corn, and rice. The secondary sector accounts for one-fifth of GDP, and mining in particular plays an important role in the Burkina Faso economy. The tertiary sector, comprising many microenterprises, accounts for 45 percent of GDP. While Burkina Faso has been successful in reducing poverty, this phenomenon is still high in the country. The objective of this report is to review the state of knowledge of the profile and dynamics of poverty and to assess the tangible achievements of Burkina Faso in the fight against poverty over the past decade, highlighting the major issues and obstacles in the march towards the twin goals
    DOI: 10.1596/27943
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    Zimbabwe Public Expenditure Review : Volume 5. Social Protection (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Zimbabwe is at a critical juncture. After dollarization and favorable economic factors fueled arecovery during 2009-12, Zimbabwe today faces slowing growth, a financial crisis, increasingly erratic weather patterns and rising poverty and inequality. To help respond to these issues, the Government of Zimbabwe (GoZ) has sought to examine and ultimately better manage its public expenditures, with a view to ensuring public spending is effective, efficient, equitable, and well-targeted to the needs of its changing population, especially the poor
    DOI: 10.1596/27903
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    Congo Economic Update, Third Edition, September 2016 : Adjusting for Better Social and Economic Development in an Era of Low Oil Prices (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The decline in international oil prices over the past two years has resulted into an economic crisis in the Republic of Congo that could forestall the transformation efforts to move the country towards higher middle income status. A key strategy that government has pursued in recent years has been to adjust the fiscal policy to provide more resources for capital development in line with the National Development Plans. This strategy is expected to be continued into the medium term in order to address the binding constraints on growth, most notably the country's huge infrastructure deficit. However, the intention to increase the level of capital investment has neither been matched by similar ones to raise investments in human capital development nor with effort to make public spending more efficient and effective. This third Edition of the Congo Economic Update discusses the importance of undertaking fiscal adjustments to accommodate the new reality of lower oil revenues and to shift into a more balanced and inclusive development strategy. This edition argues that the current fiscal crisis in Congo resulting from the decline in global oil prices will make it difficult for the country to sustain fast growth unless the country adopts more prudent fiscal management and a balanced approach that builds both physical capital and achieves significant improvements to human capital. Therefore, a deliberate effort has to be made to ensure that the fiscal adjustments do not result in major decreases to the level of expenditure on health and education. In addition, the government must implement measures to improve the level of efficiency and effectiveness of spending in these sectors
    DOI: 10.1596/27904
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    Montenegro Policy Note on Broadband : Achieving Universality of High-Speed Broadband - Review and Application Experience of the EU State Aid Framework (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Montenegro Policy Note on Broadband: Achieving Universality of High-Speed Broadband: Review and Application Experience of the EU State Aid Framework aims to provide advice to the Government of Montenegro on the possible mechanisms for state aid support for broadband infrastructure, while taking into account the State aid policy of the European Union (EU) and building on EU experience of similar projects. The objective is to support the development of the affordable access to broadband Internet in the un- and underserved geographical areas of Montenegro
    DOI: 10.1596/27942
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    Russian Federation Systematic Country Diagnostic : Pathways to Inclusive Growth (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Russia is a country of global importance and great internal diversity, making it challenging to undertake acoherent country growth diagnostic. The world's largest transcontinental country spans eleven time zones in northern Eurasia. Russia is the main trading partner for many of its more than a dozen neighbors. It also is thehost of 11 million migrants who generate significant remittances for their home countries. As a growing upper middle-income economy, it plays an increasing role as a donor to low-income economies worldwide. Russia isthe ninth most populous country in the world with an admirable track-record in reducing poverty and boosting shared prosperity. Russia is unevenly populated and economic activity is dispersed, preventing the scale advantages of agglomeration. Altogether, these characteristics render undertaking this Systematic Country Diagnostic aboutRussia's future development course challenging. The analysis identifies general causal chains related to Russia'sinterlinked development challenges and opportunities, but is often based on data only available at the national level. This diagnostic identifies two pathways where progress is critical for sustainable growth and an expansion of shared prosperity. The first pathway identified areas where new policies are necessary to achieve a recoveryin productivity, focusing on infrastructure and connectivity, the regulatory regime for businesses, constraints on innovation by firms, and skills development for individuals. The second pathway identified the main areas for policy reforms to further reduce vulnerability by deepening human capital gains and improving access to public services. The analysis identifies channels through which the labor market can again become a source of raising the incomes of the bottom 40 percent by improving health and education services and strengthening the poverty impact and sustainability of Russia's social protection system. To achieve these goals, progress isessential in three requisites: fiscal sustainability, governance, and management of natural resources
    DOI: 10.1596/27561
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    Developing an Innovative Energy Efficiency Financing Mechanism in China (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program Papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The policy environment in ...
    DOI: 10.1596/27463
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    World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update, October 2016 : Reducing Vulnerabilities (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Growth in developing East Asia Pacific (EAP) has remained broadly stable in the past 6 months. It is expected to decline gradually during 2016-18, driven entirely by the ongoing slowdown in China, partly offset by a pick-up in the large ASEAN economies. This outlook is subject to elevated risks, and it is critical to address underlying vulnerabilities. China should continue measures to bring the growth in debt under control. Among other large economies, risk can be reduced through enhanced micro- and macroprudential policies. Across EAP, maintaining fiscal buffers is a priority; in Mongolia, Timor-Leste, and to a lesser degree Vietnam, substantial consolidation is needed. Over the longer term, China should maintain its commitment to rebalancing toward consumption-led growth. Across the rest of EAP, enhanced expenditure on infrastructure must be accompanied by measures to improve its efficiency. Boosting inclusion will require a focus on reducing undernutrition, harnessing technology to transform financial services, and exploiting innovations in social protection to reduce vulnerability to shocks. The East Asia Pacific Economic Update provides biannual analyses of development trends and economic policy issues across the East Asia and Pacific region
    DOI: 10.1596/25088
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    Suriname Education Management Information Systems : SABER Country Report 2016 (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In 2011, the World Bank Group commenced a multiyear program designed to support countries in systematically examining and strengthening the performance of their education systems. Part of the World Bank's new education sector strategy, this evidence-based initiative, called systems approach for better education results (SABER), uses diagnostic tools for examining education systems and their component policy domains against global standards and best practices and in comparison with the policies and practices of countries around the world. By leveraging this global knowledge, the SABER tools fill a gap in the availability of data and evidence on what matters most to improve the quality of education and achievement of better results. This report discusses the results of applying the SABER - education management information systems (EMIS) tool in Suriname. The objectives of this report are to examine the system according to key policy areas, identify successes and challenges in the system, and provide recommendations to support the continued advancement of EMIS in Suriname
    DOI: 10.1596/26514
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    Arab Republic of Egypt Social Sector Notes (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In response to a request from the Government of Egypt, the World Bank undertook the analysis of selected sectoral issues in education and health. The objective of the analytical task was to inform policies to enhance human development impact of social sector expenditures in line with Egypt's new constitutional mandate, which requires earmarked increases in the government's expenditures on health, education and research. The studies focus primarily on the education and health sectors and constraints to achieving better outcomes in these sectors. It draws on information from the national budget, household survey data and evidence from previous analytical work
    DOI: 10.1596/26426
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    El Salvador Financial Sector Assessment Development Module (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This Financial Sector Assessment (FSA) summarizes the developmental aspects of the 2016 FSAP report for the Republic of El Salvador. A World Bank mission visited San Salvador from March 6 to 16, 2016 to review the developmental aspects of the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) conducted in 2010.1 As previously agreed with the authorities, this FSAP Development Module focused on (i) financial systems issues, including competition and efficiency; (ii) financial inclusion and non-bank financial institution issues, (iii) public sector banks, (iv) financial system infrastructure, including payments, remittances transfers, and credit information systems; (v) capital market and private pensions development issues; and (vi) insurance. The report summarizes the diagnostic findings, progress made since the last FSAP, and recommendations for further regulatory, institutional and market development actions. The executive summary, following next, lists the main highlights and conclusions of this FSAP mission
    DOI: 10.1596/26218
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    Ghana Social Protection Assessment and Public Expenditure Review (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: For most of the last two decades, Ghana's economy has been on a high growth path, which has been accompanied by significant reduction in poverty. Despite this progress, large macroeconomic imbalances threaten growth and continued poverty reduction. Rapid economic growth and poverty reduction has been accompanied by growing inequality in terms of income and geographical areas. The Government of Ghana (GoG) has a comprehensive national social protection strategy (NSPS) in place and is finalizing the national social protection policy. Given existing macroeconomic challenges, resources allocated to social protection programs should be used in the most cost-effective and pro-poor manner. This assessment aims to contribute to the rationalization of social protection public expenditures, building on recent work by the GoG. This report updates the analysis on core social assistance programs, active labor market programs, social insurance schemes including the national health insurance scheme, and general fuel and electricity subsidies. To establish a more effective and sustainable social protection system, the report recommends addressing the following four challenges: consolidating the substantial gains achieved to date and building a stronger program portfolio; strengthening expenditure management; expanding well-targeted programs and rationalizing poorly targeted programs; and ensuring the sustainability of key programs
    DOI: 10.1596/26379
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    Moldova Poverty Assessment 2016 : A Jobs Diagnostic for Moldova - 10 Key Facts (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Poverty Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Moldova has experienced rapid growth and increases in living standards in the past decade. The economy has grown by an average 5 percent a year in the past 15 years, while the national poverty rate declined from 26 percent in 2007 to 11 percent in 2014; there are sharp declines observed in the early 2000s as well. However, Moldova's growth model has relied on remittances, with limited job creation. The World Bank (2016) report Moldova: Paths to Sustained Prosperity finds that Moldova's growth model triggered a cycle in which men and women migrated in search of better economic opportunities and sent remittances home that continued to support consumption-driven growth, and that this contributed to poverty reduction and welfare improvement among the less well off, particularly those in rural areas. The 10 facts presented in the note are as follows: fact one: job losses are increasing overall, with productivity-driven economic growth since the 2000s benefitting a smaller number of people who were able to find jobs; fact two: workers left agriculture and industry for services, but the 2009 global crisis dampened the job prospects in services; fact three: out-migration means that Moldova failed to fully capture a demographic dividend for the economy, and is now an aging country; fact four: employment and wage patterns show that job outcomes are becoming less inclusive; fact five: despite their rising educational attainments, young people face significant challenges finding non-farm jobs; fact six: as inequality in earnings widens, post-secondary education still earns more, but is becoming less of a guarantee of a better job; fact seven: efficient firms are raising their productivity by shedding jobs, not creating them, while firm entry and survival rates are low; fact eight: the most productive firms (small, young, foreign, and private) firms have the most productive jobs, but they are not increasing their share in employment; fact nine: while productivity is increasing, a growing share of jobs is in less-productive firms; fact ten: firms providing employment are typically larger and older, while younger firms are struggling, and fewer new firms have been launched since the crisis. It is key to continue monitoring these trends over time and, after the release of the 2014 census data, the labor market and demographic challenges that the country faces will need to be revisited to reflect a more current picture of the situation and the prospects
    DOI: 10.1596/26041
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    Islamic Republic of Mauritania Poverty Dynamics and Social Mobility 2008-2014 (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Poverty Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report provides a dynamic poverty assessment of Mauritania between 2008 and 2014, the time period included between the last two household budget surveys (the Enquete Permanente sur les Conditions de Vie des menages (EPCV). Its aim is not to provide a comprehensive poverty profile for either 2008 or 2014 but to respond to specific questions that arose in the course of the preparation of the Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) for Mauritania. This poverty assessment was designed to respond to these questions and various others questions raised by the CMU in FY16 in order to serve as a background report to the SCD. The report is organized in two parts. Part one reviews the main findings related to poverty and shared prosperity and puts these findings under the microscope to find possible inconsistencies and validate results. It also provides a set of leads that could explain changes in poverty reviewing the main structure and drivers of the observed poverty changes. Part two turns to population groups at risk of marginalization to understand whether changes in welfare have included or marginalize further these groups. This part also explores social mobility and vulnerability using cross-section surveys and pseudo-panels constructed for this purpose. The report concludes with a section on further areas of research
    DOI: 10.1596/25848
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    Mozambique Economic Update, December 2016 : Facing Hard Choices (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This Mozambique economic update brief for 2016 includes a section on recent economic developments and a discussion of Mozambique's economic outlook, followed by focus section(s) analyzing issues of particular importance.This has been a testing year for Mozambique. An ongoing downturn, brought about by low commodity prices, drought and conflict, was compounded by the fallout from the discovery of hidden debts in April 2016. The level of debt took an explosive path with the addition of the previously undisclosed loans, making Mozambique one of the countries in Africa with the highest debt to GDP ratios. The rate at which the Mozambican currency depreciated outpaced that of most other African commodity exporters, including Nigeria and Angola, where economic pressures have also been acute. Foreign direct investment (FDI), and exports, are projected to fall by 17 and 8 percent respectively in 2016. Clearly, Mozambique's macroeconomic stability has been shaken-up. The agenda for restoring economic stability and confidence will stretch into 2017 and possibly beyond. Key items on the agenda include setting a medium term framework for restoring fiscal sustainability, anchored in a target for reducing debt and a credible fiscal adjustment program. Enhanced financial sector surveillance and the strengthening of crisis management instruments is also a priority, particularly if further monetary tightening is in the pipeline in the near term. Moreover, the current economic circumstances highlight the need to manage fiscal risks and contingent liabilities better. In this regard, reforms to develop effective oversight over state-owned enterprises and other public entities are urgent, along with reforms to overhaul the framework for managing guarantees
    DOI: 10.1596/25744
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    Crowdsourcing Water Quality Data : A Conceptual Framework (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Using mobile phone technologies coupled with water quality testing, there is great opportunity to increase the awareness of water quality throughout rural and urban communities in developing countries. Whether the focus is on empowering citizens with information about the quality of water they use in daily life or providing scientific data to water managers to help them deliver safe water to the citizens, the integration of citizen science, crowdsourcing, and innovative technologies has the potential to create positive and lasting change. The methodology presented herein combines empowerment of the public through participation in the scientific process (citizen science) with modern technologies to collect, gather, and disseminate data (crowdsourcing). By employing a crowdsourcing approach with innovative technologies, there is potential to harness large amounts of data in areas previously considered either too remote or costly to access. The purpose of this conceptual framework is to outline the considerations and activities to be undertaken for a successful water quality monitoring project using citizen science and crowdsourcing. Specifically included in the framework are: (1) the research question to be answered through the project; (2) the theory of change that will lead to desired outcomes; (3) project design considerations to promote a successful pilot; and (4) the methodology outlining implementation steps
    DOI: 10.1596/25755
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    Taking Stock, July 2016 : An Update on Vietnam's Recent Economic Developments (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: Global economic activity is showing little sign of improvement in 2016, but growth in the emerging East Asia and the Pacific remains resilient. In Vietnam economic activity moderated in the first half of 2016, mainly due to the impact of a severe drought on agricultural production and slower industrial growth. GDP is projected to grow by 6 percent in 2016 with inflationary pressures contained and the current account in balance. The fiscal deficit is projected to remain high this year but then tighten over the medium term, reflecting the government's fiscal consolidation plans. The baseline outlook is subject to external and domestic risks. The speed of demographic transition in Vietnam poses new challenges for policymakers, employers and citizens, some of them urgent. There are also significant challenges for healthcare and aged/long-term care systems. The health delivery system will require a fundamental reorientation towards more emphasis on primary care and reduced reliance on hospital care in order to manage the increase in non-communicable diseases exacerbated by aging. There will need to be reforms of human resource policies and programs for the health sector, requiring new graduate and post-graduate training programs for general practitioners, as well as retraining of existing cadres. Reorientation to primary care and case management will also benefit from reforms in provider payment mechanisms for health services, strengthened gate-keeping modalities to control unnecessary hospital usage and admissions, and improved coordination of care across levels of the health system. There will also be a need for efficiency improvements in areas such as pharmaceutical procurement and prescription practices, as well as greater focus on managing conditions of age such as dementia. Growing demand for aged care will also require proactive public policy, with an emphasis on home- and community-based care and defining of appropriate roles for the state, the private sector, communities and households
    DOI: 10.1596/24922
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    Country Partnership Framework for Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan for the Period FY17-FY22 (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Abstract: The Government of Jordan, the World Bank Group (WBG), and the international community are working towards a paradigm shift in their collective response to the refugee crisis - a holistic approach which stresses the continuum between the humanitarian response and the country's development agenda. In parallel, Jordan's implicit social contract by which the state provided citizens with jobs and heavily subsidized public services is evolving. strategic engagement, the WBG will adopt a two-pronged approach aimed at simultaneously addressing Jordan's immediate needs in view of the fluid and worsening regional situation while keeping a medium and long-term development commitment built on reforming the economy to create the right environment for inclusive, job-creating growth. The first pillar of the Country Partnership Framework (CPF) aims to foster the conditions for stronger private-sector-led growth and better employment opportunities for all.The second pillar of the CPF aims to improve the quality and equity of service delivery, including through private sector solutions.The CPF will implement the new Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Strategy at the country level.The CPF aligns with the Government's vision Jordan 2025, the Executive Development Plan 2016-2018 (EDP), and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).The CPF's principles of engagement will be selectivity, flexibility, adaptability and partnership. The outlook for 2016 forecasts growth at three percent on account of a growing mining and quarrying sector, some energy investments, and base effect of the tourism and construction sectors, although some downside risks have begun to materialize in early 2016
    DOI: 10.1596/24679
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    Iran Economic Monitor, March 2016 : Seizing the Opportunity (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: Following the partial lifting of nuclear-related sanctions in November 2013 under the interim Joint Plan of Action (JPOA), Iran's economy rebounded in 20141 and is estimated to have expanded by 0.5 percent in 2015. A less accommodative monetary policy stance reduced inflationary pressures, with the Consumer Price Index falling to 8.9 percent in February 2016, from a peak of 45.1 percent in June 2013. Notwithstanding this positive development,the pace of job creation has remained weak and the unemployment rate rose to 11.7 percent in 2015, up from 10.6 percent in 2014. The fiscal balance of the central government also deteriorated, mostly due to low oil prices, from a deficit of 1.2 percent of GDP in 2014 to a deficit of 2.7 percent of GDP in 2015. Similarly, the current account surplus is estimated to have shrank from 3.8 percent of GDP in 2014 to 0.6 percent of GDP in 2015 due to falling oil receipts
    DOI: 10.1596/24409
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    The People Behind the Numbers : Developing a Framework for the Effective Implementation of Local Equal Opportunity Plans (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Abstract: Hungary's recently established equality of opportunity framework guides the planning and implementation of interventions addressing the most pressing social inclusion challenges at the local level. The equality of opportunity framework provides a comprehensive set of resources, guidance, and templates to local governments to facilitate the planning of local equality plans (LEPs). Through extensive consultations with various governmental and non-governmental stakeholders at the national and local level, a series of challenges were identified for moving from a theoretical planning exercise to an earnest application that is, operationalization of the equality of opportunity framework at the local level. The intention of this handbook is to provide: practical guidance and hands-on instruments that empower local stakeholders to actively and effectively shape the local social inclusion landscape within the overall guiding framework of the local equal opportunity programs. The handbook therefore focuses on the challenges and opportunities of those local governments and related stakeholders that have the relevant primary care capacities and apparatus. The handbook is accompanied by a comprehensive set of illustrative local social inclusion case studies from all over Hungary. The case studies are intended to increase stakeholders' awareness, facilitate knowledge transfer, and peer learning. Even relevant elements of the case studies need to be customized and integrated into the local context
    DOI: 10.1596/24424
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    Cambodia Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Improvement Support : Synthesis Report (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Rural Study
    Abstract: This synthesis report documents the implementation process, results and lessons learned under a three-year Technical Assistance (TA) program undertaken by the Water and Sanitation Program of the World Bank's Water Global Practice (WSP) in Cambodia between May 2013 and June 2016. It also presents recommendations for the government on key steps to accelerate service delivery at scale for Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (RWSSH) and for the World Bank to strategically engage in the sector. For comprehensiveness, annexes are attached that include key supporting documentation, and resources and deliverables developed under this TA are also provided in the resource pack (the resource pack is linked to Box folder which is available upon request)
    DOI: 10.1596/24710
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    Alternative and Inclusive Learning in the Philippines (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Abstract: The Philippines has made remarkable progress in improving the quality of basic education in recent decades. Even so, despite significant improvements in primary and secondary education, the number of students who drop out of school remains worryingly high. More than five million youths have failed to complete a basic education. Alternative Learning System (ALS) is a second-chance, informal education program operated by the Department of Education (DepEd) for out-of-school youths and adults. This report aims to assess the current implementation of ALS using a variety of sources , including recent surveys, and analyzes (a) the target populations, (b) current beneficiaries, (c) delivery modes (with a focus on learning facilitators' contracting schemes), and (d) labor market returns to ALS. Key messages are as follows: (i) Only a small proportion of the target populations are enrolled in the ALS program, (ii) the first target groups for ALS are students who drop out of high school for financial reasons, (iii) performance-based payment is expected to improve performance, (iv) the current arrangement for monitoring activities within the ALS program can be improved, (v) labor market returns to ALS are significant only when learners successfully pass the secondary A&E exam, and (vi) small class size (fewer than 40 learners per facilitator) is more efficient. The report concludes that a holistic approach is required for a socially efficient solution for students who do not complete school and those who are at high risk. An expansion of ALS may distort incentives among students currently in school, and coordinated efforts with other programs such as the Alternative Delivery Mode are becoming increasingly important. Earlier intervention guarantees greater returns
    DOI: 10.1596/24713
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    Republic of the Philippines Labor Market Review : Employment and Poverty (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Abstract: This study analyzes labor market performance in the Philippines from the perspective of workers' welfare. It argues that pervasive in-work poverty is the main challenge facing labor policy. Poverty is primarily due to low earning capacity of the poor and to their limited access to regular and productive jobs. Behind these are the two interrelated root causes of in-work poverty - low education of the poor, and the scarcity of productive job opportunities. The labor market is segmented into good and bad jobs, with the poor working in the latter. They hold jobs that are informal, temporary or casual, and low-paid. Widespread informality means that the poor neither benefit from the minimum wage policy nor from employment protection legislation. They do not benefit from wage growth either, because their bargaining power is weak. Good jobs are so few, especially in rural areas, that even better educated workers are often forced to take unskilled jobs and work as low-paid laborers. The reduction of in-work poverty hinges on removing constraints to gainful employment in both supply side (better education and skills) and demand side (better jobs). It is critical that the young poor have improved access to quality education, and be equipped with skills required in the modern sector of the economy. But in parallel, better jobs need to be created, which can be attained from the growth of the formal and higher value added sector of the economy. The process of structural transformation should be supported by effective labor policy. Labor regulations need to be made simpler and more flexible to facilitate the reallocation of labor from less to more productive activities, and from informal to formal sector. Targeted training programs have the potential to address the problem of low skills among the poor workers, especially the young ones. Such programs should be developed on a pilot basis and expanded if proven to be cost-effective
    DOI: 10.1596/24768
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    Strengthening Public Services in the Context of Fragility : What Works for Strengthening Public Service Training in Post-Conflict Environments? (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Abstract: Limited state capacity to carry out core government and service delivery functions poses a major constraint in post conflict countries, especially those with low income levels. With regard to scope, the research carried out for this note primarily focuses on developing a detailed understanding of how civil service institutes are established and function, and to reflect on available information about their impact. This note synthesizes the findings from case studies covering three countries and four public service training institutes: Rwanda (Rwanda Management Institute (RMI)); Uganda (Civil Service College Uganda (CSCU)); and Liberia (Liberia Institute of Public Administration (LIPA) and the Financial Management Training Program (FMTP)). The general policy rationale for establishing institutes of public service has been to improve national public sector capacity; while a key choice involves investing in longer and more in-depth or shorter-term training. To deliver training, a mix of some permanent staff with consultants recruited from the public sectors has worked well
    DOI: 10.1596/24752
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    Strengthening Local Providers for Improved Rural Water Supply in Pakistan (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Rural Study
    Abstract: This synthesis report details the process, outputs, intermediate outcomes, lessons learned, and recommendations of the World Bank executed technical assistance (TA) on strengthening local providers for improved rural water supply in Pakistan implemented by the water and sanitation program of the global water practice. The development objective of this TA was to support the Government of Punjab (GoPunjab) in strengthening service provision by communities to ensure improved access to rural water supply, particularly for the marginalized and poor. These objectives were targeted through capacity building and introducing systems to better respond to community needs to manage rural water schemes via community based organizations (CBOs). This TA was primarily focused on the province of Punjab having a population of 100 million with of which 60 percent population live in rural areas. From inception, this TA was focused on institutional strengthening and sustainability. The back-up support mechanism for CBOs and information and communication technology (ICT) monitoring of scheme performance are extremely significant initiatives to have been integrated into the government system
    DOI: 10.1596/24714
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    Jordan Economic Monitor, Spring 2016 : The Challenge Ahead (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: Amidst a turbulent regional political and security environment, Jordan wrestles with sluggish growth and high unemployment. A number of risks materialized in 2015, particularly related to security spillovers and their negative impact on tourism, construction, investment and exports. As such, the economy slowed down for the first time since 2010, further widening Jordan's output gap, with growth declining from 3.1 percent in 2014 to 2.4 percent for 2015. However, growth remained otherwise broad-based. The largest contributions to growth came from 'finance and insurance services', 'transport, storage and communications', 'producers of government services', 'electricity and water' and manufacturing sectors although it was 'mining and quarrying' and 'electricity and water' that saw the highest growth rates in 2015. Unemployment reached an average of 13.0 percent in 2015, 1.1 percentage points wider compared to 2014. Growth is projected to rebound slightly, to an average of 3.3 percent over 2016-2018, provided no further spillovers from the Syrian crisis occur. Chiefly, Jordan will need to continue managing repercussions from the regional security and political situation, and the challenges of hosting 1.37 million Syrians (of which 639,704 registered refugees). Additionally, since Jordan benefits from the GCC for remittances, exports, FDI and grants, large sources of foreign exchange - persistently low oil prices are a risk for Jordan this year and in the medium term. Weak global demand may impact demand for Jordan's mining exports. Furthermore, the willingness and speed of reform implementation particularly to improve the business climate will be crucial to attract Jordan's investment aspirations
    DOI: 10.1596/24942
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    Country Partnership Framework for Sri Lanka for the Period FY17-FY20 (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Abstract: The new Country Partnership Framework (CPF or framework) presents the engagement of the World Bank Group (WBG) in Sri Lanka over the next four years (fiscal years 2017-20 (FY17-20)). The CPF aims to support the achievement of some of the government's medium-term goals in areas that are critical for reducing extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity, and that are consistent with the WBG's comparative advantage. Notably, the CPF provides the framework for engagement in several key policy areas. Following presidential and parliamentary elections in 2015, the new coalition government, the National Government of Consensus, has set out an ambitious vision for Sri Lanka. It focuses on supporting job creation in the private sector, advancing the country's global integration, improving governance, enhancing human development and social inclusion, and balancing development with environmental conservation. The vision has been captured in the Prime Minister's Economic Policy Statement of November 5, 2015. The new government's development agenda is well aligned with the findings of the 2015 Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) for Sri Lanka. The SCD identified the most critical constraints and opportunities facing Sri Lanka in accelerating progress toward the twin goals of ending extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity in a sustainable manner. The analysis concluded that key priorities are to address the country's fiscal, competitiveness, and inclusion challenges, as well as cross-cutting governance and social, economic, and environmental sustainability challenges. The CPF is anchored in this analysis
    DOI: 10.1596/24682
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    Indonesia Teacher Certification and Beyond : An Empirical Evaluation of the Teacher Certification Program and Education Quality Improvements in Indonesia (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The certification program aimed to certify all teachers by 2015. The program was rolled out at a rate of approximately 200,000 teachers each year. This report evaluates the certification program as it was implemented, in terms of its impact on student-learning outcomes. Results of the analysis are sobering: despite its massive fiscal implications, the certification program has not led to substantial improvements in student-learning outcomes so far. The report provides leads into how to gradually transform the system into one that can yield higher returns in educational performance going forward. It emphasizes the importance of a system that rewards useful demonstrated competencies, such as minimum levels of subject-matter knowledge, rather than loose proxies for quality such as bachelor's degrees or seniority alone (which is essentially what the current certification program does). The report also highlights the need for reforms in the pre-service system of teacher training and teacher hiring. Chapter one gives decade on for teacher certification in Indonesia; chapter two presents an empirical review of the teacher certification program in Indonesia; chapter three presents beyond certification: what matters and what doesn't matter for student learning?; and chapter four presents policy options for sizable and lasting changes in education quality
    DOI: 10.1596/24433
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    Tunisia Poverty Assessment 2015 (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Poverty Assessment
    Abstract: Tunisia emerges today the only success story of the Arab Spring revolution that swept the Arab world five years ago. This poverty assessment seeks to learn from the pre and post revolution periods with a view of avoiding the repetition of past mistakes in the future. Specifically, it will provide Tunisians with a more detailed and updated diagnostics of poverty, regional disparities, trends over time and the strong links between poverty, inequality, opportunities, and vulnerability. Beyond statistics, this report will also provide a somber but more balanced alternative explanation of socioeconomic development in the country, which will hopefully complement the efforts of the Government of Tunisia to develop and implement its strategic development plan. This poverty assessment questions the extent to which growth was truly pro-poor in Tunisia and, more importantly, capable of reducing inequalities and increasing inclusion in society. This questioning sheds light on Tunisia's prospects for a more prosperous society if substantive changes in the socioeconomic model are not introduced. The poverty assessment analysis goes into a post-2010 analysis; expanding as well the analysis of monetary poverty to broader concepts of vulnerability and equal opportunities; and by enriching traditional instruments with more sophisticated tools to measure poverty, analyze poverty dynamics, and simulate the effects of certain policy reforms for the first time in Tunisia
    DOI: 10.1596/24410
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    Malawi Urbanization Review : Leveraging Urbanization for National Growth and Development (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Urban Study
    Abstract: The Malawi Urbanization Review aims to provide fresh perspectives on urbanization in Malawi, by analyzing the current and potential contribution of urbanization to long-term national development and the current institutional and financial capacity of local governments to manage the process. Analyses presented in this report are particularly timely as Malawi is planning for the coming half decade through the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy (MGDS) III (2016-2020). Malawi is urbanizing at a moderate rate and has a good chance of proactively managing the urbanization process. Opportunities may arise from a positive structural change that Malawi's economy is undergoing, whereby the driver of growth and job creation moves from agriculture to non-agricultural sectors. Faster urbanization, with strong linkages with rural areas, can contribute further to deepening such structural change. To unlock the potential of urbanization as a catalyst for long-term economic development, it is necessary to strengthen the capacity of urban local governments to generate revenues and meet the key infrastructure and service needs in urban areas, which remain challenging even at the current rate of urbanization
    DOI: 10.1596/24391
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    Enabling Inclusive Growth in Hungary : Directions for Improving the Planning and Implementation Framework of Social Inclusion Interventions at the Local Level (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Abstract: The World Bank has prepared three reports in the framework of the promoting inclusive growth in Hungary reimbursable advisory service activity, with a view to provide clear step-by-step guidance for addressing complex social inclusion challenges by leveraging European Union (EU) funds. The reports examine three dimensions of social inclusion in Hungary: measuring inclusive growth for enhanced development impact focuses on methods for monitoring development outcomes and better targeting of social investments. Enabling inclusive growth in Hungary discusses how national-level planning can better support local planning and implementation. The people behind the numbers, a handbook for the implementation of local equal opportunity programs in Hungary, offers practical guidance and instruments to empower local stakeholders to shape the local social inclusion landscape more actively and effectively as part of local equal opportunity programs
    DOI: 10.1596/24422
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    Benchmarking Institutions of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology in Sub-Saharan Africa : Benchmarking Results (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Abstract: In this benchmarking report, a comprehensive benchmarking analysis of the participating Sub-Saharan African universities is conducted in terms of the key indicators identified and constructed for the purpose of assessing institutional performance and health. While university benchmarking is a relatively new approach for most Sub-Saharan African universities that are participating for the first time in this process, it has been used as a diagnosis and planning tool by many universities to understand and track their own performance over time and against their local and global peers. For Sub-Saharan African universities, there is a need to take stock of outstanding achievements in the past, catch up with local peers in the near future, and set long-term targets on the road to becoming a top-performing university in the world. It is expected that this benchmarking analysis will serve as the basis for understanding the relative performance of Sub-Saharan African universities as well as a catalyst for these universities to take appropriate quality improvement measures and carry out effective strategic planning. For this phase of the Partnership for Skills in Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology (PASET) Regional Benchmarking Initiative, 28 out of the 48 Sub-Saharan African universities that signed up have participated and attempted the benchmarking exercise to different extents
    DOI: 10.1596/24924
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    Mexico Public Expenditure Review (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Abstract: This Public Expenditure R ...
    DOI: 10.1596/25062
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    Public Expenditure Review of the Palestinian Authority : Towards Enhanced Public Finance Management and Improved Fiscal Sustainability (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Abstract: The difficulty of pursuing a conventional market-oriented development strategy in the Palestinian territories led in the early part of the 2000s to a second-best reliance on public sector employment and wage bill expansion to boost aggregate demand. The main objective of this Programmatic Public Expenditure Review (PER) is to inform policy and institution-building efforts of the Palestinian Authority (PA) and its donor partners about improving the sustainability of public expenditures and the efficacy and efficiency in the provision of essential public services.In particular, this PER aims to provide an assessment of public revenue and expenditure policies offering specific policy and institutional measures to reduce the size of the Palestinian territories fiscal deficit and make it more sustainable.The fiscal situation of the Palestinian Authority is not sustainable.The difficult fiscal situation facing the Palestinian Authority today results from a unique confluence of challenges.As this report will argue, there is considerable further scope for reforms that would raise additional tax revenues, and reduce expenditures without compromising the quality of public services or negatively impacting public welfare.However, the PER notes that there are limits to what can be achieved by PA fiscal policy alone.The PER is organized as follows: Chapter one provides an overview of recent macroeconomic and fiscal developments; it also contains a brief assessment of priority fiscal policy issues facing the PA, and serves as an introduction to the in-depth analysis of the issues that follow in subsequent chapters. Chapter two analyzes the factors driving the size of the PA's wage bill, and shows how these can be tackled. Chapter three reviews expenditures in the public health sector. Chapter four analyzes the Palestinian public pension system, and looks into how its sustainability can be assured. Chapter five assesses the quality of intergovernmental fiscal transfers, including net lending transfers. Chapter six reviews the way in which public investment projects are planned and implemented, and identifies steps to improve investment quality. Further details on health and pensions are provided in the annexes
    DOI: 10.1596/25100
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    Iraq Economic Monitor, Spring 2016 : Laboring through the Crisis (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: Iraq is facing daunting challenges of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) insurgency, political upheaval, and profound economic and humanitarian crises. Compounding the ISIS-related crisis, the sharp decline in global oil prices has resulted in significant decline in oil export revenues. Implementation of political reforms, announced in August 2015, has been slow due to constitutional constraints and systemic resistance to changes. Iraq's economic prospects are subject to significant risks. Iraq has recently achieved some important steps towards strengthening its investment climate, but much remains to be done. An attractive investment climate is integral to economic growth and poverty reduction. A key task of the government is to balance the interests of society and individual firms. A stronger investment climate does not equate with a more comfortable life for individual firms. The government must manage these trade-offs: global analysis of the World Bank's investment climate surveys shows that firms facing strong competition are on average fifty percent more likely to innovate than firms reporting no such pressure. Innovation, in turn, is a key ingredient for productivity improvement. The special focus section explores the different aspects of the investment climate in order to better understand their importance. With this background, the authors then look at Iraq's investment climate and recent efforts to strengthen it. Finally, the authors look at priorities for improving Iraq's investment climate going forward
    DOI: 10.1596/25176
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    Public Employment and Governance in Middle East and North Africa (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Abstract: Government wage bills have been growing across the world, but are exceptionally high in the MENA region relative to countries' state of development, whether measured as a share of GDP, or of government revenue and spending (World Bank, 2004). Across the region government wage bills threaten fiscal sustainability. There are many drivers behind the large wage bills, whether of central government alone or of general government. Government employment numbers also seem to grow inexorably, in many areas faster than required to deliver services in line with population growth. Other factors have been weak staff control systems, the authorization of new recruitment outside budget frameworks, and laxly applied staff performance assessment systems, in addition to absenteeism, and the difficulty under public service rules of disciplining and ultimately terminating poorly performing staff. This paper takes a look at government wage bill growth, alongside current approaches to recruitment, staff performance assessments and promotions, with particular emphasis on Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia. These country examples are complemented by a broader regional analysis to illustrate overarching trends in public sector employment.The objective is to identify the various forces at work, how they interact, and thereby document and understand better the dynamic of public sector wage bill expansion in the Middle East as well as potential linkages to public sector performance. The paper also looks at reform efforts, extracts lessons and identify potential reform options to better control wage bill growth and the unbalancing effects it has had on the efficiency and effectiveness of government spending generally. Furthermore, while the paper does not present a comprehensive overview of the nature of public employment in MENA, it aims to identify potential areas for further research in this domain
    DOI: 10.1596/25181
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    Income Support for Persons with Disabilities in Middle East and North Africa : Social Insurance and Beyond (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Abstract: This report proposes a toolkit which can be used to produce national assessments in MENA countries. The toolkit consists of a series of four questionnaires to be completed by institutions delivering specific programs in the areas of Social Assistance, Social Insurance, Health and Education. A first attempt was made to collect primary information from a selected group of countries in the region, but the level of response was low and it resulted evident that systematic collection of data from widespread sources can be best achieved if supported by field work, possibly in connection with ongoing operations, as in the case of a recent assessment produced by the World Bank in Palestine. Social Insurance programs are probably the ones where information is most readily available. In addition, there may be important learning for other programs if further analysis is conducted for these programs. Better understanding and improvements in critical related processes such as disability assessment, costs and the links with rehabilitation programs in Social Insurance may render important lessons for the better implementation of other programs addressed to PWD. The logical sequence of to present our findings should start from a system's level, down to specific programs. However, given the relatively better availability of data on Social Insurance programs, we have adopted an alternative sequence, and present a discussion of disability pensions in section two, followed by a presentation of the toolkit to assess programs from a system's perspective in section three. Specifically, the toolkit is included as annexes one to four
    DOI: 10.1596/25179
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    Russian Federation Financial Sector Assessment Program : Basel Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The establishment of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (CBR) as a unified or 'Mega Regulator' in 2013 is an emblem of the far reaching changes to the legal and supervisory landscape in recent years. The level of compliance with the Basel Core Principles (BCP) reflects the transitional nature of the supervisory practices in Russia at the time of the assessment. The CBR is in the course of developing and enhancing its Risk Based Approach to supervision. The regulatory approach in the Russian Federation is highly rules based and this presents some specific challenges to an effective risk based supervisory regime. Supervision and Anti-Money Laundering and/Countering Terrorist Financing (AML/CFT) regulations have been improved. Effective communication and flow of information has been improving but some limitations still apply
    DOI: 10.1596/25263
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    Financial Sector Assessment : Turkey (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The fundamental challenges confronting the Turkish financial system are to reduce dependence on external and foreign currency financing and to increase the maturity and diversity of funding instruments on which banks and firms depend. The long-standing shortfall of national savings to finance domestic investment, persistent elevated inflation, and bouts of exchange rate volatility have boosted reliance on foreign currency financing from international capital markets and have also incentivized households and firms to place their own savings in short term deposits, as well as in foreign currency. These deep-seated challenges underpin current heightened financial stability risks from several potential sources --"tighter or more volatile global funding conditions, weaker euro area growth, geo-political tensions and loss of market confidence in domestic policies. Balance-sheet fragilities could amplify their impact
    DOI: 10.1596/26017
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    El Salvador Financial Sector Assessment Program Development Module : Public Banks (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This Technical Note was prepared in the context of a World Bank Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) mission in the Republic of El Salvador in March 2016. This FSAP Development Module focused on (i) financial systems issues, including competition and efficiency; (ii) financial inclusion and non-bank financial institution issues, (iii) public sector banks, (iv) financial system infrastructure, including payments, remittances transfers, and credit information systems; (v) capital market and private pensions development issues; and (iv) insurance. The Technical Note describes the background and current situation of the public sector and development banks, and continues with specific recommendations directly linked with the assessment and diagnosis performed. The document contains technical analysis and detailed information underpinning the FSAP assessment's findings and recommendations. Further information on the FSAP program can be found at www.worldbank.org/fsap
    DOI: 10.1596/26278
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    Enterprise Surveys : Swaziland Country Profile 2016 (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Enterprise Surveys
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Enterprise Surveys (ES) focus on many aspects of the business environment. These factors can be accommodating or constraining for firms and play an important role in whether an economy's private sector will thrive or not. An accommodating business environment is one that encourages firms to operate efficiently. Such conditions strengthen incentives for firms to innovate and to increase productivity, key factors for sustainable development. A more productive private sector, in turn, expands employment and contributes taxes necessary for public investment in health, education, and other services. Questions contained in the ES aim at covering most of the topics mentioned above. The topics include infrastructure, trade, finance, regulations, taxes and business licensing, corruption, crime and informality, access to finance, innovation, labor, and perceptions about obstacles to doing business. This document summarizes the results of the Enterprise Survey for Swaziland. Business owners and top managers in 150 firms were interviewed August 2016 and November 2016
    DOI: 10.1596/25910
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    Moldova Trade Study : Note 1. Analysis of Trade Competitiveness (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Foreign Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Capital Flows Study
    Abstract: As a small economy, Moldo ...
    DOI: 10.1596/24042
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    Economic Monitoring Report to the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: The Palestinian economy is not growing enough to raise living standards and reduce high unemployment. The economy has witnessed a sharp deceleration in economic growth, from over 8 percent during 2007-11 to 3 percent during 2012-15. The sharp decline in growth has stifled the economy's ability to create jobs for a growing youth population. Successful reform efforts and strong economic growth helped bring the relative size of the Palestinian overall fiscal deficit down from 24.6 percent of GDP in 2008 to 13 percent in 2010. However, despite these efforts at fiscal consolidation, the deficit to GDP ratio has remained stuck in the 10 - 13 percent range since 2010 -- on the back of a large wage bill and weak revenue performance. The economy has long suffered from the restrictions1 and political instability that continue to constrain private sector activity. In addition, the decline in donor funding from 32 percent of GDP in 2008 to 6 percent in 2015 has significantly contributed to the recent economic weakening. The internal divide between the West Bank and Gaza, which has created a dual regulatory framework, has also negatively impacted economic activity and the tax base
    DOI: 10.1596/24390
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    Socialist Republic of Vietnam Scaling Up Rural Sanitation : Enabling Environment, Capacity Building System, Evidence Based Learning and Lesson Sharing (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Rural Study
    Abstract: This report concerns two streams of Technical Assistance provided by the World Bank Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) to the Government of Vietnam. They are: strengthening the enabling environment, capacity building systems and evidence-based learning and lesson sharing. Strengthening demand creation and supply chain development together these TAs make up a support program to assist the Government of Vietnam, particularly the Ministry of Health (MOH) in accelerating progress on sanitation under the third National Target Program on Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (NTP3). WSP has supported the government to improve the enabling environment for sanitation service delivery; strengthen rural sanitation supply chains; generate demand for improved sanitation; and inform service delivery models through knowledge and learning. The TAs began in Dec 2012 and are due to end in Jun 2016. This report documents the results and lessons learned from the TA, and makes recommendations for future activities in support of rural sanitation
    DOI: 10.1596/24389
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    Russian Federation Financial Sector Assessment Program : Insurance Core Principles Assessment (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Abstract: With about RUB 988bn (USD 26bn) in gross premium written, in 2014, the Russian insurance industry ranked 27th in the world. Non-life insurance premium accounted for 89 percent of GPW while life insurance for only 11 percent. In 2015, the industry also faced with the consequences of the Western economic sanctions which effectively closed access to the high quality Western reinsurance capacity for the Russian insurers that provide coverage for 1500 large Russian companies which were put on the sanctions list. In the past, the Western reinsurers provided over 80 percent of reinsurance capacity for such risks. In the case of Russia, the main objective of insurance supervision is to ensure that insurers fully comply with core regulatory norms fixed by the law in the following four areas of insurance operations: (a) solvency (capital adequacy); (b) insurance reserves; (c) assets covering own funds; and (d) assets covering reserves. The objective of off-site and onsite supervision is restricted to ensuring compliance of insurers with these four regulatory norms. In this context, the resources of the insurance supervisor are by and large dedicated towards meeting this objective. While the dispersion of insurance supervisory functions among numerous CBR departments with various reporting lines carries certain advantages (such as a reduced potential for the conflict of interest), it also has a potential for major drawbacks. These include the potential for (a) insufficient coordination among different departments, (b) shortage of necessary insurance expertise within departments universally dealing with a wide range of financial services, and (c) impaired ability of the regulator as a whole to systematically detect problems with compliance in such a technically complex industry as insurance at an early stage
    DOI: 10.1596/25064
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    Republic of Turkey Financial Sector Assessment Program : Assessment of Observance of the CPMI - IOSCO Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT), the Capital Markets Board and the Banking Regulation and Supervisory Authority (BRSA) are the authorities with responsibility for specific elements of the Turkey National Payments System (NPS). The CBRT, is the central bank and has regulatory and oversight responsibility for payment and securities settlement systems. The CMB has responsibility for safe and efficient functioning of the capital markets and is responsible for the CSDs, CCPs and TRs. The BRSA as part of its banking supervision responsibility is responsible for regulation of payment instruments and also regulation and supervision of non-bank e-money and payment institutions. This assessment covers the following CBRT owned and operated FMIs: The Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) system and the Electronic Securities Transfer System (ESTS). The assessment takes into account the interlinkages of the EFT and ESTS with the other FMIs in Turkey: Takasbank and MKK
    DOI: 10.1596/26044
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 81
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    Central America Social Expenditures and Institutional Review : Guatemala (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Social spending in Guatemala needs to achieve efficiency gains and increase to minimum levels to meet basic human development objectives. Current levels are so low that fiscal reform (in revenue generation and spending allocation) is urgently needed so that the state can fulfill its mandated coverage and quality in social service provision. In the last ten years, Guatemala has had decent economic growth but failed to improve human development indicators or reduce poverty (which has increased). Low and inefficient public spending, coupled with outdated legal and institutional frameworks, are significant barriers to increasing enrollment and providing quality education. Moving forward, more efficient, equitable, and cost-effective public education spending will require some important policy and institutional changes, including greater use of the incipient monitoring and evaluation system. There is need for increased spending in social assistance interventions, better coordination among implementing agencies, and revised targeting to ensure decent coverage of programs among the poorest. On the institutional side, the launching of the Ministry of Social Development (MIDES) provided a platform to manage the different programs of the sector under one umbrella; however, MIDES has not yet been able to tackle technical deficiencies in implementation
    DOI: 10.1596/25766
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 82
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    Indonesia Economic Quarterly, October 2016 : Pressures Easing (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Keywords: 2016 ; Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Indonesien
    Abstract: This edition of Indonesia Economic Quarterly (IEQ) reports on the key developments over the past three months in Indonesia's economy, and provides a more in-depth examination of selected economic and policy issues, and analysis of Indonesia's medium-term development challenges. Global growth was sluggish in the first half of the year, driven by weaker than expected growth in advanced economies. In addition, China's growth eased as expected as the economy continues to rebalance from investment- to consumption led growth, and as excess industrial capacity is reduced. However, import demand from China was weaker than expected. On the upside, the global financial market volatility leading up to and in the aftermath of the Brexit referendum in June has moderated significantly. Lower volatility in financial markets has contributed to the Rupiah's stabilization against the US Dollar (in line with most other emerging market currencies). Indonesia's growth remained resilient in Second Quarter (Q2), partly supported by government expenditure, and is forecast to pick-up gradually on the back of stronger private investment supported by investment climate reforms and credible fiscal policy. This resilience stands in contrast to the performance of several other emerging market commodity exporters
    DOI: 10.1596/25349
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  • 83
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    Moldova Climate Adaptation Investment Planning (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Investment Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Moldova ranks as the most ...
    DOI: 10.1596/28332
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  • 84
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    Nepal Development Update, September 2016 : Powering Recovery (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: After registering the weakest growth in 14 years during FY2016, economic activity is recovering in Nepal. Agriculture and construction are expected to improve on the account of a good monsoon as well as increased disbursements of housing reconstruction grants. Coupled with in-creased government spending, this is expected to push FY2017 growth to 5 percent and to remain in line with potential thereafter. This edition of the Nepal Development Update examines the key economic developments in Nepal over the preceding months, placing them in a longer term and global perspective. In the Special Focus section, the authors take a closer look at what it would take for the electricity sector to power Nepal's recovery. Over the past decade, power outages in Nepal have increased substantially. Availability of reliable and affordable electricity has become a major constraint for Nepal's development as it hampers the ability to improve living standards, raise agricultural productivity and income, and help youth transition from farming to non-farm employment through creation of new industries at home. Given Nepal's natural endowments, it is not difficult to envision an electricity sector that can support green growth, poverty reduction, and shared prosperity. Such an electricity sector would not only meet domestic demand reliably, affordably, and cleanly, but would earn revenue from export of surplus hydropower through enhanced regional electricity markets to neighboring countries by integrating the wider South Asia power market. Wholesale structural reforms of the electricity sector are needed to achieve this
    DOI: 10.1596/25273
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  • 85
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    Russia : Subnational Governments' Fiscal Response to the Economic Downturn (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The aim of this note is to present and analyze subnational fiscal trends in Russia in the context of overall slowing economic growth and falling oil prices over the last few years. In particular, in 2015, GDP fell by 3.7 percent. Despite efforts to cut expenditures, the federal deficit increased to 2.4 percent of GDP. Subnational governments were also affected by the economic slowdown. Aggregate subnational revenues declined, in real terms, by 6 percent between 2014 and 2015. Revenues from taxes (including shares of federal taxes) fell by 4 percent while federal transfers fell by 13 percent. Nevertheless, the aggregate fiscal performance of subnational governments actually improved over this period. The nadir of subnational government finances occurred in 2013, when the consolidated subnational deficit reached 0.9 percent of GDP. Since then, it has shrunk. In 2015, the deficit was equal to only 0.2 percent of GDP. This was largely achieved by drastic cuts in spending. Spending in the social and infrastructure sectors both fell by 9 percent in real terms between 2014 and 2015. This note examines the fiscal prospects of subnational governments in Russia, focusing particularly on the nature of these spending cuts and whether they are sustainable over the medium term
    DOI: 10.1596/27941
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  • 86
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    Health Equity and Financial Protection in Timor-Leste (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report analyses equity and financial protection in the health sector of Timor-Leste. In particular, it examines inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. Data are drawn from the 2009-2010 Demographic and Health Survey, the 2001-2002 and 2007-2008 Living Standards and Measurement Surveys as well as 2011-2012 Household Income Expenditure Survey, and the Ministry of Finance. All analyses are conducted using original data and performed using the health modules of the ADePT software
    DOI: 10.1596/24030
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  • 87
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    South Asia Economic Focus, Fall 2016 : Investment Reality Check (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: South Asia Economic Focus
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: South Asia defies a sluggish world economy and continues its path of gradual acceleration during 2016. Led by a solid India, the region remains a global growth hot spot. While South Asian economies proved resilient vis-A-vis external headwinds such as China's slowdown or uncertainty surrounding monetary policy in advanced economies, some are beginning to feel the sting from slowing remittance flows or waning oil price dividends. Against this backdrop of relative stability but fading tailwinds, India is set to grow at 7.6 percent in 2016, the same speed as in 2015, but may increase its pace again in 2017 to 7.7 percent. The region will remain steadfast in the face of future volatility and is expected to grow at 7.1 percent in 2016, however, its medium term performance strongly hinges on investment and exports. Downside risks are concentrated around political uncertainty as well as fiscal and financial vulnerabilities. While export growth is set to return to positive territory, it will deliver only gradually as global demand picks up. A reality check reveals that private investment - the key future growth driver across South Asia - is yet to be ignited to sustain and further increase the pace of economic activity
    DOI: 10.1596/25096
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  • 88
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    School Feeding : Manual for SABER-SF Exercise (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: SABER-School Feeding (SABER-SF) is a useful approach to assessing the school feeding policy situationand systems in any country to identify the gaps and plan appropriate capacity development plans and/orroad maps with the government and other stakeholders. It helps countries strengthen their national schoolfeeding programs and/or transition to national school feeding programs with solid policies and systemswhen applicable, and assess progress of implementing each indicator. This manual aims to assist users (government institutions, PCD, World Bank, WFP, and otherstakeholders) to understand, plan, and implement the SABER-SF exercise at the country level. It builds upon the experiences from national SABER-SF workshops held during 2014. The SABER-SF exercise should be as inclusive as possible to ensure broad ownership and support for its implementation. SABER consists of a structured questionnaire whose responses are determined based on consultation with representatives from relevant stakeholders. Stakeholder engagement and consensus building are integral parts of the SABER process as described in this manual. The manual contains a brief explanation of SABER-SF in section two, followed by a discussion in section three of the preparation of the SABER-SF exercise and data collection procedures. Section four explains theme thodology and planning process for a SABER-SF workshop, completion of the questionnaire (and the rationale behind each question or set of questions), and how to use each of the SABER-SF tools includingthe Framework Rubrics and the Scoring Rubrics. Section five covers the process of publicizing the SABERSF report, and section six talks about planning for next steps after the SABER-SF exercise. Section 7provides a timeline for implementing the SABER-SF exercise and quality assurance measures. The manual also includes an annex with the SABER-SF questionnaire and the Framework Rubrics. The annex alsodetails ways to contact the SABER team at the World Bank for any questions or comments in addition toa list of additional resources
    DOI: 10.1596/26517
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    Romania Education Management Information Systems : SABER Country Report 2016 (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The systems approach for better education results (SABER) is an established tool designed to support countries in systematically examining and strengthening the performance of their education systems. Part of the World Bank's education sector strategy, SABER uses diagnostic tools for examining education systems and their component policy domains against global standards and best practices and in comparison with the policies and practices of countries around the world. By leveraging this global knowledge, the SABER tools fill a gap in the availability of data and evidence on what matters most to improve the quality of education and achievement of better results. This report discusses the results of applying the SABER - education management information systems (EMIS) tool in Romania. The objectives of this report are to examine the system according to key policy areas, identify successes and challenges in the system, and provide recommendations to support the continued advancement of the EMIS in Romania
    DOI: 10.1596/26518
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  • 90
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    Broadband : The Platform of the Digital Economy and a Critical Development Challenge for Morocco (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Morocco strives to reach a similar per capita income level to that of upper-middle income countries, and to reduce unemployment, which particularly affects women and youth. To meet these goals, the government recognizes the need to shift from a low-technology economy with a strong agricultural component to a more diversified economy focused on services and high value-adding industries. As the World Bank World Development Report 2016 highlights, broadband is one of the decisive factors in a nation's competitiveness. Deploying broadband is essential to improve Morocco's international competitiveness and to attract foreign investment. Rolling out broadband is of strategic importance for Morocco, as the country aims to consolidate its promising position in the industrial and manufacturing sectors. This note is organized in three sections:(i) section one provides a summary analysis of recent economic studies that measured the impacts generated by access to and use of ICT and broadband on the economy; (ii) section two analyzes public policies implemented by the Moroccan government since the 1990s, and their impact on the sector; and (iii) section 3 presents the main reforms that the World Bank would recommend that the government carry out in the broadband sector to give itself the means to fulfill its ambitions and finish opening up the broadband sector to competition
    DOI: 10.1596/26710
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  • 91
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    Sindh Service Delivery Assessment : A Decision-Making Tool for Transforming Funds into Improved Services (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Water and Sanitation Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Coverage figures also need to be viewed in the context of the grave water quality issues, virtual lack of treatment of sewage and wastewater in a heavily industrialized province, and serious contamination of water bodies and sources. Solid waste collection, which was not covered in detail in this study, is reportedly only 34 percent overall and virtually absent in rural areas, which has impact on the functionality of sanitation infrastructure, and can result in contamination of water bodies. There is no sanitary landfill in the province. Sindh's lower riparian status exposes it to critical issues of water availability. Pakistan is a highly water stressed country and reduced water flows in the lower Indus have stretched water availability and increased saltwater intrusion. Inadequate drainage has resulted in widespread waterlogging and salinity (with nearly a fifth of the canal command affected). This affects both drinking water and sewerage/drainage systems. The high level of environmental degradation has had serious economic and social consequences. This is compounded by the weak environmental management of a significant urban sector; of about 486 million gallon per day (MGD) of sewage generated by Karachi and Hyderabad alone, a mere 65 MGD is treated, the remaining being discharged raw into water bodies (with reportedly only 1 percent of wastewater treated outside of the two main cities). The study finds that these achievements need to be viewed with considerable caution. Serious structural issues threaten to negate these gains in the immediate future. There is a high dependence on private providers and self-provision where state systems are failing due to growing populations. This remains unregulated, and multiple actors serve as providers with minimal coordination or adherence to standards and regulations. Yet, without the presence of private providers and self-provision, sector performance will be significantly weaker
    DOI: 10.1596/26427
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  • 92
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    Road Freight Transport Services Reform : Guiding Principles for Practitioners and Policy Makers (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Cost-effective and high quality transport systems are key to modern logistics. Their role can only be expected to grow even as the global economy goes through profound transformation in terms of how, where and when goods are produced or distributed. In many economies and at many different geographical scales, road transport remains the predominant mode of transport and is an indispensable part of how economic agents interact in space. Consumer expectations and production requirements increasingly require that transport operators provide high-quality services that are also safe and affordable for their clients. However, in many countries logistics performance remains too low to effectively contribute to economic and social development. This is the challenge that this Guide seeks to meet, to offer paths to reforming the sector and making it suited to the needs of a highly connected world. The guide is organized in four broad sections. The first three set out the role of road transport in modern economies and the supply chains that characterize them, the principles of reform, and how to gather data and information to conduct a diagnostic and target those reforms. The fourth section offers options and possible paths available to agencies driving the reform process
    DOI: 10.1596/25853
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  • 93
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    The Uganda Poverty Assessment Report 2016 : Farms, Cities and Good Fortune - Assessing Poverty Reduction in Uganda from 2006 to 2013 (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Poverty Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Uganda's progress in reducing poverty from 1993 to 2006 is a remarkable story of success that has been well told. The narrative of Uganda's continued, albeit it slightly slower, progress in reducing poverty since 2006 is less familiar. This was a period in which growth slowed as the gains from reforms years earlier had been fully realized, and weak infrastructure and increasing corruption increasingly constrained private sector competitiveness (World Bank 2015). This report examines Uganda's progress in reducing poverty, with a specific focus on the period 2006 to 2013. The report shows that high growth from 2006 to 2010 benefited poverty reduction. Before turning in further detail to the key findings of the report, it is important to note that the analysis undertaken in this report is only possible because the Government of Uganda has invested in a high quality series of household surveys to document progress in wellbeing since 1993. The Uganda Bureau of Statistics has conducted high-quality household surveys that every three to four years that have provided a comparable series of data on poverty and other household characteristics for the last twenty years. Uganda is one of the few countries in the region to have achieved this level of comparable, frequent poverty monitoring over time. Without this, it would not be possible to document the lessons Uganda provides
    DOI: 10.1596/26075
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  • 94
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    South Asia Regional Gender Action Plan, FY16-FY21 (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The South Asia Regional Gender Action Plan FY 16-21 (RGAP) applies a gender lens to the World Bank Group (WBG's) work in the region. In doing so, it outlines a path to enhance the potential of women and men as agents of change towards WBG`s twin goals of poverty reduction and shared prosperity. The RGAP helps guide staff and management to prioritize objectives in tackling the most critical and persistent gender issues. It offers recommendations on how the Bank's Global Practices, Cross-Cutting Solutions Areas, and the International Financial Corporation can work with country teams to accelerate progress toward improving outcomes for both women and men in the South Asia region (SAR). By understanding how gender plays into the sector-specific technical issues of each GP and the development outcomes of each country "and through improved knowledge of evidence-based approaches that effectively reduce gender gaps" SAR can address poor gender outcomes more strategically and collaboratively than ever before
    DOI: 10.1596/26206
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  • 95
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    Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe : Financial Sector Development Implementation Plan, 2017-2019 (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The main objective of this report is to contribute to the development of Sao Tome and Principe's financial sector and provide its Government and private stakeholders with a clear roadmap for reform in key policy areas, particularly regarding efforts to strengthening financial sector soundness, enhance financial inclusion, and upgrade existing financial infrastructure. The report includes a sequenced implementation plan designed to enable the authorities to implement critical financial sector reforms and interventions, designed to foster a more efficient, sound and inclusive financial sector in Sao Tome and Principe based on a coherent policy framework
    DOI: 10.1596/25684
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  • 96
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    Enhancing Regional Power Trade in Central Asia (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Energy Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In response to a request from Central Asian (CA) countries at the CAREC Energy Sector Coordination Committee meeting, held in March 2015 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, the World Bank commissioned a study to estimate unrealized benefits from regional power trade for the four Central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan during the period from 2010 - 2014. The study was implemented by AF Mercados from October 2015 through June 2016. This report reviews the key findings of the AF Mercados Report, with further details to be found in the Report itself. The analysis was focused on power trade benefits aggregated at the regional level, as well as country-specific benefits. Three cases were considered, namely (i) benefits including fuel savings only at historic energy prices, (ii) benefits including both fuel savings and economic value of avoiding unserved energy at historic fuel prices, and (iii) benefits including fuel savings and the economic value of avoiding unserved energy with fuel costs estimated to be at "market" energy prices. The findings of the report, show that the benefits for the region could have amounted to nearly USD1.5 billion if only fuel savings were taken into account. Should economic value of avoiding unserved power demand be added to benefits, the benefits would have reached almost USD5.2 billion for historic energy prices and about USD6.4 billion for market energy prices. It's worth noting that each country could also have benefited in any of the cases, except for Kyrgyzstan for the case of including fuel savings only. Furthermore, if the countries operated together, they could also save over USD 80 million annually, or USD 400 million during the period from 2010 -2014, by sharing the regional hydro resources to provide operating reserves, instead of purchasing reserves at current market prices from outside sources
    DOI: 10.1596/26047
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  • 97
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    Taking Stock, December 2016 : An Update on Vietnam's Recent Economic Developments (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Over recent decades, Vietnam's agricultural sector has made enormous progress, realizing major gains in productivity and output and contributing to national goals related to food security, poverty reduction, social stability, and trade. Nevertheless, there are growing concerns related to the quality and sustainability of Vietnam's agricultural growth and related patterns of development. A comparatively low quality of growth is manifested by low smallholder farmer profitability, considerable under-employment among agricultural workers, mixed or uncertain product quality and food safety, low value addition, and limited technological or institutionalinnovation. Some agricultural growth has come at the expense of the environment in the forms of deforestation, biodiversity loss, land degradation, water pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. In most locations, agricultural growth has involved an increase in cropping areas or intensities and ever higher uses of inputs and natural resources. Hence, more output has come from more and more inputs and increasing environmental costs. Vietnamese agriculture now sits at a turning point. The sector now faces growing domestic competition-from cities, industry, and services-for labor, land and water. Rising labor costs are beginning to inhibit the sector's ability to compete internationally as a low cost producer of bulk undifferentiated commodities. The country's ruralyouth have rising aspirations for living standards. Vietnam's expanding consumer class and trade partners are expecting higher standards, both for products and production practices. Going forward, Vietnam's agriculture will need to generate more from less'. That is, it will need to generate more economic value-and farmer and consumer welfare-using less natural and human resources and without degrading the environment. It will need to rebrand itself and increasingly compete on the bases of innovation, reliable supply, predictable quality, and assured food safety and environmental protection
    DOI: 10.1596/25748
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    Determinants of CD4 Immune Recovery Among Individuals on Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa : A National Analysis (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report presents the findings of a large national analysis of determinants of CD4 immune recovery among individuals on antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. It is part of the second phase of a series of analytical and evaluation studies contributing to the design of an impact and process evaluation of South Africa's National Adherence Guidelines for Chronic Diseases. The analysis was conducted by the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) in collaboration with the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Boston University/Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office (HE2RO), the National Department of Health of South Africa, and the World Bank. The analysis used a novel database created through probabilistic matching of routine CD4 count and viral load data to unique individuals. The report describes the proportions of individuals 15 years or older who initiated antiretroviral therapy between 2010 and 2014 and achieved CD4 count recovery to 200, 350 and 500 cells/ul, their time to CD4 count recovery, and extent of recovery in the first 12 months of follow up. The cohort included 1,070,900 individuals (4.37 million CD4 tests). Findings suggest that among South African HIV patients under treatment, CD4 immune recovery is associated with age, sex, baseline CD4 count and viral suppression. Demographic CD4 recovery patterns can inform CD4 monitoring policies in resource-constrained settings
    DOI: 10.1596/25400
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Poverty Reduction in Nigeria in the Last Decade (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Poverty Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The report consists of four chapters. Chapter one profiles the trends in growth, household consumption, and poverty rates at the national level between 2004 and 2013. Descriptive statistics of consumption and selected poverty indexes are presented and a profile of the characteristics of the poor is given. The chapter concludes with an analysis of nonmonetary indicators. Chapter two unpackages the national level data into subnational results (six zones) and shows the high and increasing divide of socioeconomic indicators. Chapter three uses descriptive and econometric technics to identify the drivers of this divide. Chapter four concludes and provides a road map for policy action to effectively address this divide
    DOI: 10.1596/25825
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biomass Resource Mapping in Pakistan : Final Report on Biomass Atlas (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program Papers
    Abstract: Pakistan is facing a large deficit in electricity supply. A report published by the Government of Pakistan (GoP) in 2013 showed that the electricity supply-demand gap has continuously grown over the past five years and has reached 4,500 to 5,500 Megawatt (MW) in 2013. Such an enormous gap has led to load-shedding of 12-16 hours a day across the country. GoP has set a target to reduce the electricity supply-demand gap to zero by 2017. In order to attain such ambitious target, the GoP has been endeavoring to exploit various options to meet the current and future anticipated electricity needs of the country. In order to support the GoP, the World Bank (WB) has been providing assistance towards continued development of renewable power (RE) generation (hydro, biomass, solar and wind). Therefore, the energy sector meets electricity demand in an efficient, affordable and environmentally sustainable manner. Biomass resource mapping is one of component of the ongoing renewable energy resource mapping project in Pakistan. The objective of this biomass mapping component is to support the sustainable expansion of electricity generation from biomass. This is fulfilled by providing the national government and provincial authorities in Pakistan, and commercial project developers, with an improved understanding of the location and potential of biomass resources. This project is being implemented by the World Bank in Pakistan in close coordination with the Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB), a government agency of Pakistan. The project is funded by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP), a global knowledge and technical assistance program administered by the WB and supported by eleven bilateral donors. It is part of a major ESMAP initiative in support of renewable energy resource mapping and geospatial planning across multiple countries
    DOI: 10.1596/24918
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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