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  • 2015-2019  (1)
  • 2010-2014  (196)
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  • 2011  (196)
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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: ill , 30 cm
    DDC: 304.6/32/0962
    Keywords: Fertility ; Egypt ; Egypt ; Population ; Birth control ; Egypt
    Note: World Fertility Survey, International Statistical Institute , This project was conducted as part of the World Fertility Survey and with the collaboration of the World Bank"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821386719 , 0821386964 , 9780821386712 , 9780821386965
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 78 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 364.1/3230947
    Keywords: Political corruption ; Political corruption ; Trade regulation ; Trade regulation ; Political corruption ; Political corruption ; Trade regulation ; Trade regulation ; Political corruption ; Political corruption ; Trade regulation ; Trade regulation
    Note: "This report has been prepared by Stephen Knack and Gregory Kisunko ..."--P. vii , Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9780821385913 , 9780821385920
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xlv, 214 p) , ill., col. maps , 23 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Agriculture and rural development
    DDC: 333.76
    Keywords: Land tenure Government policy ; Land use ; Right of property ; Land tenure Government policy ; Land use ; Right of property ; Land tenure ; Land use ; Government policy ; Right of property
    Description / Table of Contents: Land expansion : drivers, underlying factors, and key effectsIs the recent "land rush" different? -- The scope for and desirability of land expansion -- The policy, legal, and institutional framework -- Moving from challenge to opportunity.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821379073 , 9780821383971
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxviii, 299 p) , ill. (some col.) , 23 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 371.7/1
    Keywords: School children Health and hygiene ; School health services Evaluation ; School health services Planning ; School hygiene ; School children Health and hygiene ; School health services Evaluation ; School health services Planning ; School hygiene ; School children ; School health services ; School health services ; School hygiene
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9780821387207
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 145 p) , 26 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 344.04/6
    Keywords: Climatic changes Law and legislation ; Global warming Law and legislation ; Human rights ; Climatic changes Law and legislation ; Global warming Law and legislation ; Human rights ; Climatic changes ; Global warming ; Human rights ; Law and legislation ; Law and legislation
    Description / Table of Contents: Human rights impacts of climate change : a survey of illustrative examplesInternational environmental law & human rights law : basic concepts -- Application of human rights law to climate change -- UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol and human rights frameworks : complementarities & challenges -- Potential operational implications & areas for further research.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-92) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821386248 , 9780821387474
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xix, 127 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World bank working paper
    DDC: 362.109667
    Keywords: Medical care Needs assessment ; Medical policy ; Medical care Needs assessment ; Medical policy ; Health Care Surveys ; Health Services ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Private Sector ; Medical care ; Medical policy ; Health Care Surveys ; Health Services ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Private Sector
    Description / Table of Contents: MethodologyAssessment findings : role of the private health sector in Ghana -- Options for action.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-125)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank
    ISBN: 0821387618 , 0821387626 , 9780821387610 , 9780821387627
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 91 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Africa human development series
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 214
    DDC: 362.1096894
    Keywords: Medical care ; Medical care ; Health Manpower ; Health Services ; Medical care ; Health Manpower ; Health Services
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9780821387245 , 9780821387252
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 184 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 362.196/9800954
    Keywords: Demographic transition ; Medical economics ; Public health Economic aspects ; Demographic transition ; Medical economics ; Public health Economic aspects ; Demographic transition ; Medical economics ; Public health
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821385357 , 9780821387955
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 100 p) , ill., maps , 26 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 362.1096623
    Keywords: Medical care Needs assessment ; Medical care ; Medical policy ; Medical care Needs assessment ; Medical care ; Medical policy ; Health Care Sector ; Health Services ; Health Services Research ; Private Sector ; Public-Private Sector Partnerships ; Medical care ; Medical care ; Medical policy ; Health Care Sector ; Health Services ; Health Services Research ; Private Sector ; Public-Private Sector Partnerships
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction and background elementsPrivate health care under the Malian system -- Governance, regulation, and the business environment -- Analysis of the health system -- Improving the private sector contribution to public health objectives -- Operational proposal for governance -- Joint public-private action plan.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-100)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821388839
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (233 p)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: This Little Data Book presents tables for over 213 economies showing the most recent national data on key indicators of information and communications technology (ICT), including access, quality, affordability, efficiency,sustainability, and applications
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821388181 , 9780821388860
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 201 p) , ill , 24 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.968
    Keywords: Investments, Foreign ; Technological innovations ; Technology transfer ; Investments, Foreign ; Technological innovations ; Technology transfer ; Investments, Foreign ; Technological innovations ; Technology transfer ; Africa, Southern ; Africa, Southern Economic policy ; Africa, Southern Economic policy
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Technology absorption and its determinants: an introduction2. Channels of and constraints to technology absorption -- 3. Policy options for greater technology absorption.
    Note: "This study was carried out by a team jointly led by Itzhak Goldberg (Consultant) and Smita Kuriakose (Economist, the World Bank) and comprised of David E. Kaplan (Professor, University of Cape Town), Krista Tuomi (Lecturer, American University), Reza Daniels (Lecturer, University of Cape Town) and Peter Draper (Senior Research Fellow, SAIIA) , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9780821389096 , 9780821389102
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xx, 116 p) , ill., maps , 23 cm
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.96751
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Congo (Democratic Republic) ; Congo (Democratic Republic) ; Congo (Democratic Republic) Economic conditions 1960- ; Congo (Democratic Republic) Economic policy ; Congo (Democratic Republic) Economic conditions 1960- ; Congo (Democratic Republic) Economic policy
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionDRC's renaissance remains fragile -- Government effectiveness -- Unlocking the infrastructure challenge -- Private sector development and employment creation -- How to sequence DRC's policy interventions.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9780821389300 , 9780821389805
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 363.6
    Keywords: Municipal services ; Social accounting ; Municipal services ; Social accounting ; Municipal services ; Social accounting
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821387658 , 9780821387665
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p) , cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 362.196/3900963
    Keywords: Cost effectiveness ; Malnutrition Statistics ; Malnutrition in children ; Cost effectiveness ; Malnutrition Statistics ; Malnutrition in children ; Child ; Cost-Benefit Analysis Statistics ; Infant ; International Cooperation Statistics ; Malnutrition Statistics ; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Statistics ; Nutrition Policy Statistics ; Cost effectiveness ; Malnutrition ; Malnutrition in children ; Child ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Infant ; International Cooperation ; Malnutrition ; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Nutrition Policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Glasgow : Collins
    ISBN: 9780821385838
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 atlas (144 pages)) , color illustrations, color maps , 25 cm
    Edition: Third edition 2011
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.90022/3
    Keywords: Economic development Statistics ; Economic indicators Maps ; Environmental indicators Maps ; Globalization Statistics ; Population Maps ; Social indicators Maps ; Economic development Statistics ; Economic indicators Maps ; Environmental indicators Maps ; Globalization Statistics ; Population Maps ; Social indicators Maps ; Economic development ; Economic indicators ; Environmental indicators ; Globalization ; Population ; Social indicators
    Note: "³ 2011 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank; design ³ HarperCollins Publishers"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 16
    ISBN: 0821388541 , 9780821388549
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxviii, 156 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Human development
    Keywords: Education Evaluation ; Education and state ; Education Evaluation ; Education and state ; Education ; Education and state
    Abstract: An evaluation of Brazil's educational policies and the advances in basic education over the past 15 years as well as recommendations for future advances
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821388495 , 0821388517 , 9780821388495 , 9780821388518
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 299 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 331.2/166
    Keywords: Severance pay ; Severance pay Case studies ; Unemployment insurance ; Unemployment insurance Case studies ; Severance pay ; Severance pay Case studies ; Unemployment insurance ; Unemployment insurance Case studies ; Severance pay ; Severance pay ; Unemployment insurance ; Case studies ; Unemployment insurance
    Abstract: "Severance pay, a program that provides compensation to workers on termination of employment, is the most widely used income protection program for the unemployed--yet it is often blamed for creating economic inefficiencies such as reducing employment and limiting access to jobs for disadvantaged groups. Reforming Severance Pay: An International Perspective fills the knowledge gap in evaluating the international experience by providing a collection of worldwide overviews and labor market impact assessments, theoretical analyses, and country case studies. The authors summarize the performance of existing severance pay arrangements around the world and discuss recent innovative severance pay reforms in Austria, Chile, and the Republic of Korea. Reforming Severance Pay proposes policy directions based on country characteristics such as folding severance pay of higher income countries into existing social insurance programs and making severance pay a contractual affair between market partners to live up to the efficiency-enhancing device in a knowledge-based economy. For lower income countries, the authors advise reforming severance pay toward realistic benefit levels, strengthening compliance of benefit payments by the employer, and safeguarding minimum benefits. This report will be of interest to policy makers and researchers working on labor market, unemployment benefit, and pension issues; economic policy reform; poverty reduction; and social analysis and policy"--P. [4] of cover
    Description / Table of Contents: Severance pay under review : key issues, policy conclusions, and research agenda / Robert Holzmann and Milan VodopivecSeverance pay programs around the world : history, rationale, status, and reforms / Robert Holzmann, Yann Pouget, Milan Vodopivec, and Michael Weber -- Mandated severance pay and firing cost distortions : a critical review of the evidence / Donald O. Parsons -- The firing cost implications of alternative severance pay designs / Donald O. Parsons -- Effects of the Austrian severance pay reform / Helmut Hofer, Ulrich Schuh, and Dominik Walch -- Severance pay reform in the Republic of Korea / Jungyoll Yun and Jai-Joon Hur -- Unemployment insurance savings accounts in Latin America : overview and assessment / Ana M. Ferrer and W. Craig Riddell -- The welfare consequences of alternative designs of unemployment insurance savings accounts / Hugo Hopenhayn and Juan Carlos Hatchondo -- The new Chilean unemployment insurance system : combining individual accounts and redistribution in an emerging economy / Solange Berstein, Eduardo Fajnzylber, and Pamela Gana -- Reemployment incentives under the Chilean hybrid unemployment benefit program / Gonzalo Reyes, Jan C. van Ours, and Milan Vodopivec.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9780821384572 , 9780821386187
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxix, 401 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Infrastructure
    DDC: 363.6/1096
    Keywords: Sanitation Economic aspects ; Sewage disposal Economic aspects ; Water utilities ; Water-supply Economic aspects ; Sanitation Economic aspects ; Sewage disposal Economic aspects ; Water utilities ; Water-supply Economic aspects ; Sanitation ; Sewage disposal ; Water utilities ; Water-supply
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 19
    ISBN: 0821386654 , 9780821386651
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxx, 112 p) , ill. (some col.) , 28 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Economic development projects ; Economic stabilization ; Financial crises ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Economic development projects ; Economic stabilization ; Financial crises ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; World Bank ; Economic development projects ; Economic stabilization ; Financial crises ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Developing countries ; Developing countries
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-111)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9780821383216 , 9780821384237
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxiii, 363 p) , ill. (some col.), maps , 26 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 339.4/60956
    Keywords: Industrial location ; Industrial location ; Space in economics ; Industrial location ; Industrial location ; Space in economics ; Industrial location ; Industrial location ; Space in economics ; Africa, North ; Middle East ; Africa, North ; Middle East ; Africa, North Economic conditions ; Regional disparities ; Middle East Economic conditions ; Regional disparities ; Africa, North Economic conditions ; Regional disparities ; Middle East Economic conditions ; Regional disparities
    Description / Table of Contents: OverviewThe political demand: spatial equity without compromising productivity -- Diagnose to prescribe. Uncovering the truth about spatial disparities -- Policy package 1: levelling the playing field and investing in people -- Policy package 2: connectivity - making spillovers work for poor places -- Policy package 3: from subsidies to clusters - the new approach to local economic development -- Proximity for all: public institutions for spatial policies.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9780821387832 , 9780821387849
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 307 p) , ill , 24 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 379.1724
    Keywords: Education Case studies Finance ; Education Case studies Finance ; Education
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9780821370506 , 9780821387870
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 42 p) , ill., maps , 26 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 332/.04246095363
    Keywords: Emigrant remittances ; Emigrant remittances ; Emigrant remittances ; Emigrant remittances ; Emigrant remittances ; Emigrant remittances ; Nepal ; Qatar ; Nepal Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; Qatar Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; Nepal Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; Qatar Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-42)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821388853
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (239 p)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: The Little Green Data Book is a pocket-sized ready reference on key environmental data for over 200 countries. Key indicators are organized under the headings of agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, energy, emission and pollution, and water and sanitation
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821389539 , 9780821389829
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p) , cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Investment climate in health series
    Series Statement: World Bank working papers no. 219
    Uniform Title: Africa health insurance handbook.
    DDC: 368.38/2
    Keywords: Cost Control ; Cost Sharing ; Developing Countries ; Insurance, Health economics ; Insurance, Health organization & administration ; Cost Control ; Cost Sharing ; Developing Countries ; Insurance, Health ; Insurance, Health
    Description / Table of Contents: Design element 1 : feasibility of health insuranceDesign element 2 : choice of financing mechanisms -- Design element 3 : population coverage -- Design element 4 : benefits packages and cost containment -- Design element 5 : engagement, selection, and payment of health care providers -- Design element 6 : organizational structure -- Design element 7 : operationalizing health insurance -- Design element 8 : monitoring and evaluation of health insurance schemes.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Rev. ed. of: Africa health insurance handbook / Hong Wang ... [et al.]. 2010
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9780821389331 , 9780821389775
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 387.7/36098
    Keywords: Aeronautics, Commercial ; Aeronautics, Commercial ; Airports Economic aspects ; Airports Economic aspects ; Aeronautics, Commercial ; Aeronautics, Commercial ; Airports Economic aspects ; Airports Economic aspects ; Aeronautics, Commercial ; Aeronautics, Commercial ; Airports ; Airports
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 26
    ISBN: 0821387634 , 9780821387634
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 319 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Special economic zones
    DDC: 338.8/7
    RVK:
    Keywords: Sonderwirtschaftszone ; Entwicklungsländer ; Economic zoning ; Enterprise zones ; Export processing zones ; Foreign trade promotion ; Free ports and zones ; Economic zoning ; Enterprise zones ; Export processing zones ; Foreign trade promotion ; Free ports and zones ; Economic zoning ; Enterprise zones ; Export processing zones ; Foreign trade promotion ; Free ports and zones ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Economic policy ; Developing countries Economic policy ; Entwicklungsländer ; Freie Wirtschaftszone
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction / Thomas Farole and Gokhan AkinciThe thin end of the wedge : unlocking comparative advantage through EPZs in Bangladesh / Mustafizul Hye Shakir and Thomas Farole -- Success and statis in Honduras' free zones / Michael Engman -- China's investment in special economic zones in Africa / Deborah Brautigam and Tang Xiaoyang -- Partnership agreements in the China-Singapore (Suzhou) industrial park : lessons for joint economic zone development / Min Zhao and Thomas Farole -- SEZs in the context of regional integration : creating synergies for trade and investment / Naoko Koyama -- When trade preferences and tax breaks are no longer enough : the challenge of adjustment in the Dominican Republic's free zones / Jean-Marie Burgaud and Thomas Farole -- Fostering innovation in developing economies through SEZs / Justine White -- Early reform zones : catalysts for dynamic market economies in Africa / Richard Auty -- Planned obsolescence? : export processing zones and structural reform in Mauritius / Claude Baissac -- The gender dimensions of special economic zones / Sheba Tejani -- Low-carbon, green special economic zones / Han-Koo Yeo and Gokhan Akinci.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 082138726X , 0821387278 , 9780821387269 , 9780821387276
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xlvi, 350 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Human development
    DDC: 362.196/97920086642
    Keywords: HIV infections ; Male homosexuality ; World health ; HIV infections ; Male homosexuality ; World health ; HIV Infections epidemiology ; HIV Infections prevention & control ; Homosexuality, Male ; HIV infections ; Male homosexuality ; World health ; HIV Infections ; HIV Infections ; Homosexuality, Male ; epidemiology ; prevention & control
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction to the epidemic scenariosScenario 1 country studies: Brazil and Peru -- Scenario 2 country studies: Russian Federation and Ukraine -- Scenario 3 country studies: Kenya, Malawi, and Senegal -- Scenario 4 country studies: India and Thailand -- Middle East and North Africa -- Combination HIV prevention interventions for MSM: an umbrella review of the evidence and recommendations -- Modeling MSM populations, HIV transmission, and intervention impact -- Modeling cost and cost-effectiveness -- Policy and human rights.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821386921 , 9780821386927
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xx, 159 p) , ill. (some col.) , 27 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary Also available online as PDF
    Series Statement: Global development horizons 2011
    DDC: 338.9
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic forecasting ; Globalization Economic aspects ; International economic relations ; International finance Forecasting ; Economic development ; Economic forecasting ; Globalization Economic aspects ; International economic relations ; International finance Forecasting ; Developing countries Economic conditions ; Forecasting ; Developing countries Economic conditions ; Forecasting
    Abstract: By 2025, six major emerging economies--Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, South Korea, and Russia--will account for more than half of all global growth, and the international monetary system will no longer be dominated by a single currency. As economic power shifts, these successful economies will help drive growth in lower income countries through cross-border commercial and financial transactions. Global Development Horizons 2011--Multipolarity: The New Global Economy projects that today's emerging economies will grow, on average, by 4.7 percent a year between 2011 and 2025, and their share of global GDP will expand from 36 percent to 45 percent. Advanced economies, meanwhile, are forecast to grow by 2.3 percent over the same period, yet will remain prominent in the global economy, with the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States all playing a core role in supporting the global economic engine
    Description / Table of Contents: Overview1. Changing growth poles and financial positions -- 2. The changing global corporate landscape -- 3. Multipolarity in international finance.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Also available online as PDF.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9780821386439 , 9780821386446
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xx, 511 p) , ill., maps , 28 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 382/.9091724
    Keywords: Economic development ; Free trade ; Tariff preferences ; Economic development ; Free trade ; Tariff preferences ; Economic development ; Free trade ; Tariff preferences ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Commercial policy ; Developing countries Foreign economic relations ; Developing countries Commercial policy ; Developing countries Foreign economic relations
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821389690
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vi, 41 p) , 26 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank study
    DDC: 332.1/532
    Keywords: World Bank Group ; World Bank Group ; Economic assistance Corrupt practices ; Economic sanctions ; Economic assistance Corrupt practices ; Economic sanctions ; World Bank Group ; Economic assistance ; Economic sanctions ; Corrupt practices
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9780821385265 , 9780821385289
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xix, 294 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Human development
    Series Statement: Africa regional educational publications,Directions in development ; human development
    DDC: 305.23109172/4
    Keywords: Child development ; Child welfare ; Early childhood education ; ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT ; ACCESS TO EDUCATION ; ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES ; ADAPTATION ; ADDICTION ; ADEQUATE NUTRITION ; ADJUSTMENT ; ADOLESCENT GIRLS ; ADULT LIFE ; AGED ; ARITHMETIC ; ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS ; ATTENTION ; BEHAVIOR CHANGE ; BREASTFEEDING ; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES ; CAREGIVERS ; CHILD CARE ; CHILD DEVELOPMENT ; CHILD EDUCATION ; CHILD GROWTH ; CHILD HEALTH ; CHILD MORTALITY ; CHILD RIGHTS ; CHILD SURVIVAL ; CHILD WELFARE ; CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS ; COGNITIVE ABILITY ; COGNITIVE ACHIEVEMENT ; COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT ; COGNITIVE OUTCOMES ; COGNITIVE PROCESSES ; COGNITIVE SKILLS ; COHORT STUDIES ; COMMUNITY HEALTH ; COMPETENCE ; CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD ; CURIOSITY ; DAP ; DELINQUENCY ; DEVELOPMENTAL POTENTIAL ; DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY ; DIABETES ; DIARRHEAL DISEASES ; DIPHTHERIA ; DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN ; EARLY BRAIN DEVELOPMENT ; EARLY CHILD DEVELOPMENT ; EARLY CHILDHOOD ; EARLY CHILDHOOD CARE ; EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT ; EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS ; EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION ; EARLY CHILDHOOD ENVIRONMENT RATING SCALE ; EARLY CHILDHOOD INTERVENTION ; EARLY EDUCATION ; EARLY GRADES ; EARLY INTERVENTION ; EARLY LEARNING ; EARLY STIMULATION ; EARLY YEARS OF LIFE ; ECCD ; ECCE ; ECD ; ECD PROGRAMS ; ECERS ; EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ; EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES ; EDUCATIONAL PERFORMANCE ; EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ; ENROLLMENT ; ENROLLMENT OF GIRLS ; ENROLLMENT RATES ; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ; EPIDEMIOLOGY ; EXTENDED FAMILY ; FAMILIES ; FAMILY MEMBERS ; FINE MOTOR SKILLS ; FIRST GRADE ; FORMAL LEARNING ; GIRLS ; GRADE RETENTION ; HEALTH CARE ; HEALTH OUTCOMES ; HEALTH SERVICES ; HEALTHY GROWTH ; HOME VISITS ; HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS ; HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ; HYGIENE ; HYPERTENSION ; IMAGINATION ; IMMUNIZATION ; INFANCY ; INFANT MORTALITY ; INFANTS ; INHIBITION ; INSTRUCTION ; INTERVENTION ; INTERVENTIONS ; IODINE DEFICIENCY ; IRON ; JUVENILE ; KINDERGARTEN ; KNOWLEDGE GAPS ; LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT ; LEARNING ; LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT ; LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES ; LEARNING OUTCOMES ; LEGAL STATUS ; LIFE CYCLE ; LITERACY ; LOW BIRTH WEIGHT ; MALNUTRITION ; MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM ; MARIJUANA ; MEASLES ; MEMORY ; MENTAL DEVELOPMENT ; MENTAL HEALTH ; MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS ; MENTAL RETARDATION ; MORBIDITY ; MORTALITY ; MOTIVATION ; NAEYC ; NATIONAL EDUCATION ; NEEDS ASSESSMENT ; NUTRITION ; OBESITY ; OLDER CHILDREN ; OLDER GIRLS ; PARENT EDUCATION ; PARENTING ; PATIENT ; PERCEPTION ; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ; PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT ; PHYSICAL GROWTH ; PLAYING ; PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION ; PREGNANCY ; PREGNANT WOMEN ; PRENATAL NUTRITION ; PREPRIMARY EDUCATION ; PRESCHOOL EDUCATION ; PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS ; PRESCHOOLS ; PRIMARY SCHOOL ; PRIMARY SCHOOL LEVEL ; PRIMARY SCHOOL PERFORMANCE ; PRIVATE EXPENDITURE ; PSYCHIATRY ; PSYCHOMOTOR SKILLS ; PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ; PUBLIC HEALTH ; PUBLIC SCHOOLS ; QUALITY OF LEARNING ; READING ; REPETITION RATES ; RISK FACTORS ; SCHOOL READINESS ; SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN ; SCHOOLING ; SCHOOLS ; SCREENING ; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS ; SIBLINGS ; SMOKING ; SOCIAL ASSISTANCE ; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR ; SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ; SOCIAL EXCLUSION ; SOCIAL PROTECTION ; SOCIAL SKILLS ; SPECIAL EDUCATION ; SPEECH ; STUDENT LEARNING ; SUBSTANCE USE ; TEACHERS ; TETANUS ; THOUGHTS ; TODDLERS ; UNEMPLOYMENT ; VERBAL COMMUNICATION ; VULNERABLE CHILDREN ; VULNERABLE GROUPS ; WORKERS ; YOUNG ADULT ; YOUNG CHILDREN ; YOUNGSTERS ; YOUTH
    Abstract: Investing in young children is the responsible thing to do. All children deserve a chance to grow into healthy, educated, and competent people, no matter where and when they were born. While parents bear most of the responsibility for raising their children, especially in the early years of life, governments also have an important role during this critical time of human capital accumulation. For example, governments can ensure that all expectant mothers and young children have access to quality health services and nutrition. They can support parents and other caregivers in providing a positive and stimulating environment for children from birth on by promoting parenting information programs, investing in direct services such as home-based visits, funding daycare centers and preschools, or providing financial incentives to access good quality programs for infants and children. This Early Childhood Development (ECD) guide presents lessons and experiences that have been useful in informing the policy debate about ECD interventions and the design of such programs across the world. Whether the user of this guide is at the initial stage of deciding whether to expand an ECD portfolio or already in the program design stage, the content offers a range of evidence- based options to inform policy and investment choices.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9780821388020 , 9780821388037
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    Series Statement: Directions in Development ; human development
    DDC: 305.260981
    Keywords: Aging ; Old age assistance ; Older people ; Older people Economic aspects ; AGING
    Abstract: This chapter introduces the main issues associated with population aging, many of which will be investigated in detail throughout the volume. The next section describes the demographic transformation that Brazil has been experiencing and highlights its specific features, including a very rapid population aging process in the next few decades. Then the main economic framework behind this work, the life cycle theory according to which individuals' economic behavior varies according to their age, is discussed. The section after that introduces the first and second demographic dividends associated with the changing population age structure that accompanies the demographic transition of any country. Next covered is how poverty is linked to the life cycle in Brazil and the role of public transfers in reducing poverty among different age groups, followed by an investigation of how public expenditures vary across age groups and generations and what makes Brazil distinct from comparable OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) and Latin American countries. Concluding the chapter are the main findings of the report.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction and overview -- Demographic change and labor market trends in Brazil -- The old-age social protection programs and the aging challenge -- Health and long-term care -- Education and productivity -- Public finance implications of population aging in Brazil : 2005-2050 -- Financing Brazil's aging population : implications for saving and growth.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report presents the results of the World Bank funded project on Costing Adaptation through Local Institutions (CALI). The objectives of the CALI project are to: (1) identify the costs of adaptation through local institutions, and (2) investigate which institutions support households in adapting to climate variability, what efforts and costs are needed to realize the adaptation options, and how they facilitate adaptation to climate variability. The study has been carried out in Mali, Ethiopia, and Yemen. This report discusses the results for Mali
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In the last few years, Vietnam's macroeconomic situation has followed a predictable pattern. When faced with external shocks the authorities have opted to protect the country's rapid growth rate, even if it meant tolerating higher levels of macroeconomic instability. This has meant modest growth slowdowns and frequent episodes of overheating. So when the economy started to overheat in late 2010 following the delayed withdrawal of the fiscal and monetary stimulus put in place in 2009, few expected a determined response from the government to stem the ensuing macroeconomic volatility. The current episode of macroeconomic instability has been as severe as the previous overheating episode of mid-2008. The author constructed a summary measure of macroeconomic instability, Vietnam Index of Macroeconomic Stability (VIMS), based on the movement of four variables, namely nominal exchange rate, international reserves, inflation rate and nominal interest rate. Our measure shows that the degree of macroeconomic instability during the current episode did come quite close to mid-2008, but has not surpassed it yet. But unlike 2008, when the level of instability increased sharply and fell immediately, instability has persisted over a longer period of time during the current episode, from November 2010 to February 2011, exposing Vietnam's economy to a prolonged period of nervousness and uncertainty
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This assessment finds that Argentina has made significant progress to improve its securities regulatory system within the existing legal framework. Specifically, Argentina operates a highly, even uniquely, transparent securities regulatory program. The assessment also finds that the Argentine securities regulator has dedicated professional staff, active on-site inspection programs, pro-active investigation of complaints, a road map to transition by 2012 to international accounting standards (IFRS) and plans to modernize auditing standards, the ability to assist foreign regulatory authorities to the extent of its current powers, and a commitment to use the powers it has to meet its mandate, achieve international benchmarks, and build on its practical experience to strengthen regulatory oversight. At the same time this assessment finds areas, of which the securities regulator is well aware, that need to be improved. These include that: (i) the complex structure of the market may be a source of inefficiency and an impediment to price formation and best execution; (ii) the regulator has insufficient administrative power to oversee comprehensively the regulatory performance by certain self-regulatory organizations affecting equity and private debt markets with respect to their members and to supervise, discipline and enforce its rules and the securities laws over such members directly; (iii) the ability to cooperate domestically and with foreign regulators is constrained by securities and banking secrecy law; (iv) the legal underpinning for protecting customer funds held by intermediaries needs enhancements; (iv) there are no existing market disruption contingency plans at the regulatory level; and (v) the markets offer some products that may require additional, tailored monitoring and explanation to external participants. This assessment of the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) objective and principles of securities regulation was conducted between May 11 and May 26, 2011 in Buenos Aires, Argentina and includes references to certain post on-site improvements. The assessment included a review of the main securities laws, executive decrees, and general resolutions that relate to the mandate of the Comision Nacional de Valores (CNV) and underpin the public offer and trading of securities in Argentina
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  • 36
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In 2010, over 92 percent of the assets in the Nicaraguan financial system were concentrated in the banking sector, while microfinance managed over 5 percent, and all the remaining segments covered less than 3 percent. Starting in the late 1990s and until 2007, the microfinance sector in Nicaragua has expanded robustly at 20 percent average annual growth rate and has been a significant factor of economic growth, particularly in the agricultural small and medium enterprise (SME) sector. The 2008 financial crisis led to a rapid deterioration of the microfinance credit portfolio and the microfinance lending contracted by nearly 20 percent in 2009. While partly this was due to spiking interest rates, over indebtedness and slowing demand, research has shown that inadequate consumer protection and low financial literacy in the microfinance sector also played a role. In order to improve Nicaraguan consumers' confidence in their financial institutions, this World Bank's diagnostic review presents strengthening consumer protection in five key areas. Volume I of the review summarizes the key findings and recommendations and volume II provides a detailed assessment of the Nicaraguan consumer protection institutional, legal, and regulatory framework compared to the good practices for three financial segments, namely banking, nonbank credit institutions, and insurance. Volume II also includes an annex that analyzes the results of a field research with financial consumers in Nicaragua
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Enterprise Surveys
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The enterprise surveys focus on the many factors that shape the business environment. These factors can be accommodating or constraining for firms and play an important role in whether a country will prosper or not. An accommodating business environment is one that encourages firms to operate efficiently. Such conditions strengthen incentives for firms to innovate and to increase productivity, key factors for sustainable development. A more productive private sector, in turn, expands employment and contributes taxes necessary for public investment in health, education, and other services. In contrast, a poor business environment increases the obstacles to conducting business activities and decreases a country's prospects for reaching its potential in terms of employment, production, and welfare. The enterprise surveys are conducted by the World Bank and its partners across all geographic regions and cover small, medium, and large companies. The surveys are administered to a representative sample of firms in the non-agricultural formal private economy. The sample is consistently defined in all countries and includes the entire manufacturing sector, the services sector, and the transportation and construction sectors. Public utilities, government services, health care, and financial services sectors are not included in the sample. The enterprise surveys collect a wide array of qualitative and quantitative information through face to face interviews with firm managers and owners regarding the business environment in their countries and the productivity of their firms. The topics covered in enterprise surveys include infrastructure, trade, finance, regulations, taxes and business licensing, corruption, crime and informality, finance, innovation, labor, and perceptions about obstacles to doing business. The qualitative and quantitative data collected through the surveys connect a country's business environment characteristics with firm productivity and performance. The Enterprise Survey is useful for both policymakers and researchers. The surveys are repeated over time to track changes and benchmark the effects of reforms on firm's performance
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  • 38
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: From 2004 to 2007, lending to households in Kazakhstan expanded rapidly at 116 percent average annual growth rate and reached 22 percent of GDP, with loans in foreign currency reaching 7 percent of GDP. The share of real estate lending doubled between 2004 and 2007, amounting to 30 percent of GDP at end-2007.Following the global financial crisis and depreciation of the Kazakh tenge, the ratio of nonperforming loans to total loans in housing and mortgage increased from 5 percent in 2008 to 30 percent in 2010. This massive disruption highlighted the need for strong consumer protection and financial capability. Kazakh banks, which had relied extensively on capital market funding, attempted to shrink the credit portfolio and increase domestic deposits with limited success since most adult Kazakhs still have no access to formal financial services, due to low trust and low incomes. The government of Kazakhstan has developed a program to build confidence in the financial sector among investors and consumers. This World Bank's diagnostic review, conducted in support of the program, is presented in two volumes. Volume I discusses the importance of financial consumer protection, summarizes the Kazakh government`s policy, and sets out the key findings and recommendations of the Review. Volume II provides an assessment of financial consumer protection in the four key segments of the Kazakhstan's financial sector-banking, securities, insurance, and private pensions
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  • 39
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The consumer financial services sector in South Africa is among the most sophisticated in the world, yet nearly 40 percent of the population, especially blacks, use no formal financial services. The now ubiquitous mobile phones are dramatically changing the landscape of digital financial services but weak financial literacy and general literacy of the underserved population remain the Achilles Heel. At the same time, weak competition in the South African financial services sector is an issue - just 4 banks control over 80 percent of retail banking and over 90 percent of personal transactions, maintaining rates and fees above competitive levels. The 2010 FinScope survey found that consumer trust was higher in informal financial institutions than in the formal ones such as banks. The South African Government has embarked on a substantive program of improving the financial sector legislation and establishing a full market conduct regulator. Presented in two volumes, this World Bank's review compares the South African framework for financial consumer protection (FCP) to international practice and provides recommendations to strengthen it. Volume I summarizes South Africa's FCP policies, describes the recent surveys, and sets out the key findings and recommendations of the Review. Volume II provides an assessment of banking, securities, insurance, and private pensions segments and discusses the key issues in retail payments and remittances and financial education
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This diagnostic study exclusively covers consumer protection and financial literacy issues in the banking sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Household credit in BiH more than tripled in volume in 2003-2008, and in terms of GDP it expanded from 13 to 26 percent. Foreign currency loans represented 10 percent of GDP. Official statistics showed growth in the percentage of non-performing loans since 2007. To strengthen consumer protection in the banking sector in BiH, this review recommends measures in five key areas: legislative and institutional reform, consumer disclosure, business practices of banks, dispute resolution mechanisms, and financial education. The main tasks of this study have been: (1) to review the existing rules and practices in BiH compared to international good practices; (2) to provide recommendations on ways to improve consumer protection and financial capability; and (3) to refine a set of good practices prepared by the World Bank for assessing consumer protection in banking services, including financial capability. The Review is presented in two volumes: Volume I describes BiH Government policy for banking consumer protection, provides the banking sector statistics, and sets out the key findings and recommendations of the Review. Volume II provides an assessment of the BiH consumer protection institutional and legal framework and practices against the benchmark of Good Practices for the banking sector
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  • 41
    ISBN: 082138788X , 9780821387887
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 75 p) , ill., maps , 26 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank study
    DDC: 382.0958
    Keywords: Diversification in industry ; Diversification in industry ; Diversification in industry ; Exports ; Exports ; Exports ; Foreign trade promotion ; Foreign trade promotion ; Foreign trade promotion
    Description / Table of Contents: AcknowledgmentsAcronyms and Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- 1. The Need for Central Asian Countries to Diversify Their Trade -- 2. The Constraints Facing Central Asian Leading Cities -- 3. Why Agglomeration is Important: Potential of Leading Cities as Drivers of Diversification -- 4. The "How to" of Expanding Trade in Central Asia -- References.
    Note: At head of title: A World Bank study , Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-75)
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821388808
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (239 p)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: This pocket-sized reference on key development data for over 200 countries provides profiles of each country with 54 development indicators about people, environment, economy, technology and infrastructure, trade, and finance
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  • 43
    ISBN: 0821384546 , 082138676X , 9780821384541 , 9780821386767
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxv, 279 p) , ill., maps , 23 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development, infrastructure
    DDC: 384.5/3
    Keywords: Economic assistance ; Information technology ; Telecommunication
    Note: "Vivien Foster and Cecilia Briceño-Garmendia, Series Editors , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 44
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Environment Department Papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: A major problem in the transition countries of Europe and Central Asia (ECA) during the transition was the breakdown of the relationships of farms with input suppliers and output markets. The simultaneous privatization and restructuring of the farms and of the up- and downstream companies in the agrifood chain has caused major disruptions. The result is that many farms and rural households face serious constraints in accessing essential inputs (feed, fertilizer, seeds, capital, etc.) and in selling their products. The problems are worsened by the lack of public institutions necessary to support market-based transactions, such as for enforcing property rights and contractual agreements. The objective of the study is to analyze Vertical Coordination (VC) in agrifood supply chains in ECA and to identify options for improved policies, institutions, and investments which Governments could make, and which the World Bank could support, in order to improve links in the agricultural marketing and processing chain and increase access of farmers to input and output markets. This is especially important in those countries where contractual arrangements are slow to develop. It is also important if farmers are to be lifted out of subsistence farming and into a modern agrifood economy
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  • 45
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This note examines the influence of household decision making on women's uptake of reproductive health services, using data from the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM). In households where women have greater decision?making power, the note finds a significant and positive association with greater use of reproductive health services. In households where the influential decision maker is a male, the opposite effect prevails. These findings suggest that empowering women and increasing their ability to make decisions may increase their use of reproductive health services. The findings also suggest that policies directed toward improving women's use of maternity services must target influential male household members, whose understanding of the importance of maternity services is crucial to increase the effectiveness of health interventions. Improving financial and physical access to maternal health services is also critical to increasing their use and achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) related to maternal health. This paper contributes to the literature by applying several constructed indices composed of eight women's decision?making indicators to assess the relationship between women's decision making and their reproductive health services uptake. This paper also considers the influence of male household members (household heads or husbands) on decision making and women's uptake of reproductive health services
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In 2003, the World Bank the Agriculture and Rural Development (ARD) department of the Sustainable Development Network (SDN) of the Africa Region commissioned a Ghana Horticultural Sector Development Study. Later that year, the Horticulture Export and Investment Initiative (HEII) were created as the result of restructuring of the agribusiness support component of the Agriculture Services Sub-sector Investment Programme (AgSSIP). HEII played an important role in reshaping the Ghana horticulture cluster through a series of crucial technical support initiatives and building of a key logistics infrastructure at the Tema seaport. HEII also helped to raise the visibility of the horticulture cluster, which resulted in a renewed interest in the sector both from private investors and donor partners. Five years after the original study, the horticulture cluster in Ghana had moved ahead. Developments in the institutional environment had combined with an evolution both of the businesses and of the product portfolio; international trade had expanded and an increasing population participated in export horticulture supported by infrastructural enhancements. At the same time, the external operating environment had changed: not only are markets dynamic, but there were also new influences from policy and trade agreements. The initial scoping review was carried out in early 2008. The scoping study revealed a picture of mixed health, of some successes but not without difficulties; and it confirmed the need for a plan to take the industry forward. The process of validating the review emphasized the necessity for a wide-ranging review of many different factors in order to build a solid business case for a strategy. The present report is the outcome of this two step process. It is laid out in three parts. Part one report on the initial scoping study. Part two defines the vision and the strategy that was formulated in 2010. Part three is a collection of a number of background papers that were researched and written to provide a foundation for the strategy
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report is the outcome of assessment and is intended as an advisory note to the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) and Guyana Rice Development Board (GRDB) to enable them to identify a strategy and potential public investments to improve current risk-management practices in the rice supply chain. This report identifies the major risks facing the rice supply chain, ranks them in terms of their potential impact and frequency, and offers a framework for improving current risk-management practices. The recommendations and findings will provide a basis for follow-up planning work by the Government of Guyana (GoG), the World Bank, and other development partners. The findings and analysis of this initial assessment are based on a methodology designed by the Agricultural Risk Management Team (ARMT) for assessing risks in agricultural supply chains. This report provides an indicative list of potential solutions to address the dominant risks in the rice supply chain; however, the assessment or evaluation of the individual solutions was beyond the scope of this exercise. To ensure the greatest return on future public investments in implementing risk management solutions, GRDB and MoA need to undertake an exhaustive cost-benefit assessment of different options. This will enable MoA to identify and implement the necessary activities to reduce the vulnerability of the rice supply chain in Guyana
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  • 48
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report, Strengthening Management of Natural and Cultural Heritage Assets to Scale-up Tourism and Stimulate Local Economic Opportunity was prepared in March 2011. The principal objective of the assignment is to provide policy guidance to decision-makers for strengthening the management of NCS and building a sustainable tourism industry in Mongolia that enhances economic opportunity, especially for local communities.There are several constraints to faster growth of the tourism sector, including: (i) a harsh climate and short tourist season, which is concentrated in the months of June, July and August; (ii) poor quality of infrastructure; (iii) limited international air access to Mongolia; (iv) poor service quality, which is driven by a lack of industry-led guidelines that promote quality standards, and low awareness on what quality and appropriate service culture is; and (v) limited capacity and lack of experienced tourism workforce
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This technical note highlights some of the work the World Bank has recently conducted in support of the growth agenda outlined in the Europe 2020 strategy. The World Bank is actively supporting the new member states, as well as accession and neighborhood countries, in achieving the Europe 2020 targets of smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth. The engagement consists of policy and program lending in these areas as well as analytical work. This note focuses on highlighting some of the Bank's analytical Europe 2020 work pertaining to raising employment rates and skills levels as well as to spur innovation and technology absorption. The technical note is structured as follows: section one provides the macroeconomic background, and highlights how the economies of the European Union (EU)-10 countries were steadily catching up with those of the EU-15 countries, but then the catching-up was interrupted by the onset of the global financial and economic crisis. Section two focuses on low employment rates in EU-10 countries, particularly among older and less-educated workers, women, and minority groups, in particular Roma, and highlights some key issues in the organization of labor markets and labor market related institutions. Section three focuses more specifically on skills development across the life cycle, with a brief discussion on selected policy areas: (1) expansion of early childhood development programs to universal coverage; (2) adopting ambitious, comprehensive approaches to schooling to support higher levels of generic skills for all; and (3) strengthening access to and efficiency of tertiary education through higher education financing reform and data collection as a basis for system steering. Section four focuses on innovation and technology absorption, highlighting how more and more efficient research and development (R&D) spending will boost economic growth in EU10 countries
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This technical note on access to finance addresses six questions: 1) what is the access to and use of financial services in the Philippines, how does it vary, and how does it compare to other countries? 2) What financial services are available to different market segments? 3) How do different categories of financial institutions contribute to outreach, and what is their potential to expand outreach? 4) How does the regulatory environment support access to finance? 5) What financial infrastructure is available to make credit decisions? 6) What are the results of government policies or programs to promote access to financial services? The note concludes with recommendations to improve access to finance. An estimated 30 percent of Filipinos use formal financial services. This is lower than the East Asia region average. Access to finance has improved since the 2002 Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP). The provision of financial services to low-income individuals has expanded. The Philippines has received international recognition for its favorable regulatory policies to promote pioneering use of mobile payments technology and its microfinance regulatory framework
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Education Sector Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This study examines the changes in Vietnam's primary and secondary education over the past 20 years as well as key factors that affect such critical educational outcomes as attendance, grade attainment, and student achievement in order to derive implications for public education policy. It is divided into an analytical report and shorter overview/policy report. The study finds significant improvement in attendance, attainment, and achievement across all populations. Nonetheless, vulnerable populations (in particular the poorest and ethnic minorities) continue to fare poorly as a result of persistent, and in some cases, increasing inequalities in educational attainment and poor student achievement. Educational attainment and achievement are also shown to be complementary to a large extent. Despite the methodological limitations, evidence consistently confirms that certain characteristics of schools and teachers are significantly related to both educational outcomes. This opens the door for public policy and provides multiple (potential) policies 'entrance points' for addressing the remaining challenges. Some measures have implications for public funding, its priorities and/or efficiency, and others are more closely related to the management of public institutions. Some of the main policy implications derived from the analytical findings are re-asserting or expanding priorities for public funding through expanding support for the Fundamental School Quality Level (FSQL), and supporting full day schooling and conditional cash transfers for vulnerable groups; improving spending efficiency through better targeted fee exemptions and the strengthened application of teacher standards; and improving the management of public sector schools through higher principals' management capacity, strengthened accountability of schools to their communities and better information
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  • 52
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In Madagascar, donors have traditionally counted for almost half of the government's budget and have been, by far, the main source of funding in social sectors. Since the beginning of the crisis, official aid toward education, health, and social protection surged, reaching almost US
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The current edition of the Rwanda economic update is titled seeds for higher growth and specially features the agriculture sector. The importance of agriculture's contribution to growth in Rwanda remains considerable, despite the emergence of other significant growth drivers, such as services. Rwanda's agriculture sector will play an essential role in attaining the country's development vision of sustainable growth and increased poverty reduction, due to its employment weight. The agriculture feature of this update edition outlines key channels through which agriculture contributes to the economy. The second part of the update provides the regular overview of recent macroeconomic developments. While the special feature on agriculture will analyze the evolving role of the sector over the past five years, the second part on recent economic developments will focus on events during 2010
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Despite the recent slowdown, the underlying growth of the global economy remains solid. After a 4 percent growth in 2010, Russia's real output is expected to grow 4.4 percent in 2011, increasingly driven by domestic demand. Russia's households have absorbed the food price shock thanks to a combination of higher wages and pensions, and resort to private and public safety nets. The country emerged from the global recession with lower unemployment and poverty than feared. But global risks and uncertainties increased with the new oil shock. Although the short-term impact will be positive for Russia's export and fiscal revenues, there is no room for complacency. Macroeconomic policy should focus on the short-term objective of controlling inflation and medium-term fiscal adjustment towards long-term, sustainable level of non-oil fiscal deficit. Improving the efficiency of public expenditure to create fiscal space for productive infrastructure and strengthening the investment climate for the private sector remain among key long-term challenges. The ongoing rethinking of the government's long-term strategy and a period of high oil revenues provide an opportunity to focus on these long-term issues more forcefully than during the global crisis
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Indonesia's economic performance through mid-2011 has been positive. Solid growth has been accompanied by further portfolio capital and foreign direct investment inflows. Public and financial sector balance sheets remain strong. However, events over the past quarter serve as a reminder of a number of Indonesia's ongoing policy challenges. At the same time, the launch of the government's master plan 2011-2025 has focused attention on the investments and policy reforms which can help Indonesia reach its future growth potential. Finally, heightened international risk aversion originating from the Greek debt crisis, and the potential market implications of any haircut, were it to occur, are a reminder of the external shocks which could prompt reversals of short-term capital flows to Indonesia. However, events over the past quarter are a reminder of the current challenges which are faced and the need to put in place, and implement, the policies and investments necessary for Indonesia to reach its potential as a leading global growth driver of the next few decades
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: These economic updates analyze the trends and constraints in Cameroon's economic development. Each issue, produced bi-annually, provides an update of recent economic developments as well as a special focus on a selected topical issue. The economic updates aim to share knowledge and stimulate debate among those interested in improving the economic management of Cameroon and unleashing its enormous potential. The notes thereby offer another voice on economic issues in Cameroon, and an additional platform for engagement, learning and change. The latest information confirms the expected recovery in economic activity in Cameroon. The upturn in the global economy and measures taken by the authorities to stimulate domestic production, real gross domestic product (GDP) growth in 2010 is estimated to have reached 3.2 percent (compared to 2 percent in 2009). As expected, most of this recovery was driven by the tertiary sector, which accounted for more than half of the estimated growth. The sector benefitted from a pick-up in timber-related transport and continued strong activities in mobile telephony stemming from a greater use of fiber optic, promotional campaigns during the Soccer World Cup, and the roll-out of new products. The recovery in the primary sector, with an estimated growth rate of about 4 percent in 2010, was led by a strong expansion in the timber sector, as well as in food crops. The non-oil secondary sector, meanwhile, is also estimated to have grown by about 4 percent, driven by a continued pick-up in construction activities and a rebound in food processing. Cameroon is a relatively small and mature oil producer, where oil production is declining. Depleting reserves, aging equipment, and more recently postponements of some development projects and investments because of the financial crisis explain this profile. The contribution of this sector to GDP growth has been mostly negative in recent years and oil production is estimated to have contracted by a further 12 percent in 2010 (to 23.2 million barrels)
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In fiscal year 2010-11, India's economy has expanded at a rate close to that observed prior to the global financial crisis. However, growth in the second half of the year slowed, and the performance of industry and investment has been particularly disappointing. Despite some fiscal consolidation and monetary tightening, inflation has emerged as a serious concern because of its effects on the poor, who are usually less able to protect themselves against rising prices, and because of its dampening effects on long-term investment, which is sensitive to interest rate expectations. India's economic growth reached 8.5 percent, helped by a strong rebound of the agriculture sector because of good rains in the 2010 monsoon season against the near-drought conditions of 2009. On the external side, exports staged an extraordinary recovery and the current account deficit narrowed, while capital flows slowed driven by a pronounced decline in foreign direct investment. Foreign institutional investment remained robust, however, and external borrowing increased to compensate partially for the decline in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The rupee remained stable against the U.S. dollar but showed a small real appreciation against a 36-currency trade weighted index, and Reserve Bank of India foreign reserves increased to more than
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Lao PDR's real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth will remain robust in 2011 with projected growth of 8.6 percent compared to 8.4 percent in 2010. Natural resources and manufacturing sectors are expected to drive growth this year. The expected growth in the garment exports (by about 15-20 percent in this year) follows the European Union (EU) relaxation in raw material sourcing requirement and increased orders by key garment producers. The service sector also shows signs of improvement, particularly in transport, tourism (hotels and restaurants) and retail trading. Agriculture (fishery, livestock and crops) is expected to benefit from the recent increase in regional demand and higher food prices. Out of 8.6 percent growth in 2011, about 3.6 percentage points come from the resource sectors, about 1 percentage point each from manufacturing and agriculture, 0.5 percentage points from construction and 2.5 percentage points from services. Although overall trade balance is expected to improve the current account deficit is expected to widen slightly too about 9.4 percent of GDP in 2011 from about 8.6 percent in 2010 mainly on the account of larger transfers of profits and debt service payments abroad by large resource projects. Thus, resource current account surplus is expected to decrease to 4.8 percent of GDP in this year from about 5.5 percent in 2010
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Sustainable economic growth and strong institutions are interlinked, and the present report summarizes recent economic and fiscal developments in West Bank and Gaza (WB&G) as well as providing a broad overview of institutional accomplishments to date. The present report begins by discussing the apparent slowdown in economic growth in WB&G and the current fiscal crisis facing the Palestinian Authority (PA)-resulting partly from lower-than-expected external support this year. A further drop in donor funding would likely reduce growth, which would in turn further aggravate the fiscal situation in the coming year. A protracted fiscal crisis, in turn, risks jeopardizing the gains made in institution-building and thereby losing what has been painstakingly achieved over the past years. In addition, the report highlights that in order for the PA to sustain the reform momentum and its achievements in institution-building, remaining Israeli restrictions must be lifted and any reductions in international aid flows must be carefully calibrated and managed. Economic growth in WB&G has slowed down in 2011, and together with the shortfall in external financing, this has led to a fiscal crisis for the PA. Economic growth in WB&G remains robust but appears to be slowing due to economic and political uncertainty, so that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has revised the projected real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate for 2011 from 9 down to 7 percent. Despite some improvement, unemployment remains stubbornly high and labor force participation low in WB&G
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Nearly half of East Asia population lives in cities and the region is urbanizing so rapidly that built up areas are projected to increase faster here than in any other region in the next twenty years. Still, more than half of slum dwellers around the world live in East Asia. These are the people most vulnerable to disaster impacts. Given that Asia accounted for more than a third of the number of all reported disasters in 2010, and that natural disasters have quadrupled in the region during the past twenty years the fastest rate of increase of any region in the world managing urban growth for resilience is increasingly important. And yet, many cities do not have master plans to guide their projected growth, let alone tools for risk sensitive land use planning. The impetus for action will come from accessible tools that allow local policymakers to first minimize risk today and then think about addressing future risk. This methodology report describes the underlying risk components, including a description of the models required inputs related to metropolitan elements at risk, hazard sub-indices for thirteen hazard types and thirty parameters of physical, socioeconomic, and institutional vulnerability. In addition to this report, three city reports present results that can be used by a variety of users from those interested in the overall city wide risk from all natural hazards to those interested in more disaggregated information
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  • 61
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The authors have analyzed animal health data for the years 2006 through 2009 as reported by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)-the four most recent 'World animal health yearbooks' available when the analysis was prepared. The data covers 176 countries and economies on 71 livestock diseases (30 zoonoses and 41 non-zoonotic diseases) and 8 species or groups of species (cattle, sheep and goat, swine, poultry, equidae, buffalo, cervidae, and camels). Losses due to death, destruction or slaughter were distinguished. In total, the scope of the analysis comprises about 2.7 million data points. On average, over the four years analyzed, the Islamic Republic of Iran, China, and Brazil lost the highest absolute numbers of Livestock Units (LSUs), while Israel, Iran, and Namibia suffered the highest losses relative to their livestock populations. Data need to be interpreted taking into account a potential reporting bias resulting from countries' different levels of reporting transparency and competency. This report is not based on the 'real' world animal health situation, but on the best information available to the authors
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Mongolian economy is experiencing rapid growth in 2011 the second quarter saw the economy growing at a whopping 17.3 percent year on year, compared to 9.9 percent in the first quarter. Transportation and construction grew at 39.9 percent and 38.4 percent, respectively, while retail and wholesale trade grew at 24.7 percent, with Mongolians spending more on consumption as a result of higher incomes. The mining and manufacturing sectors recorded respectable growth rates of 8.3 and 12.9 percent yoy in the second quarter, respectively. Reflecting the higher growth, unemployment declined from 13 percent in December 2010 to 8.7 percent in June. Informal labor markets for unskilled workers are also booming, with real wages nearly doubling between December 2010 and June 2011. Mongolia's economic outlook depends heavily on global macroeconomic factors: the current uncertainty and poor growth prospects for the global economy are cause for concern. If there is another global recession, Mongolia's small, open economy will be affected. In that case, China's policy reaction will be crucial for Mongolia
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Papua has abundant natural and fiscal resources but also faces great development challenges. On the one hand, Papua currently has the largest per capita fiscal capacity after West Papua. Papua is rich in natural resources such as non-oil-and-gas minerals and forest products. On the other hand, development challenges in Papua are significant, including geography, terrain and demography. In general, Papua is still underdeveloped both socially and in economic terms compared to other regions in Indonesia. This underdevelopment is evident in most poverty, education, health, and infrastructure indicators. The economy and investment in Papua are dominated by the mining sector and, in a distant second place, the agricultural sector. Between 2004 and 2007, the mining sector accounted for more than 50 percent of the Papua's gross regional domestic product (GRDP). As a consequence, economic growth was determined by fluctuations in mineral commodity prices. The second largest sector is agriculture, which accounts for about 14-18 percent of GRDP. This sector absorbed the most workers in Papua province until 2008. Meanwhile, industry continues to lag and contributed less than 10 percent to GRDP. The PEA is a part of the PEACH (Public Expenditure Analysis and Capacity Harmonization) program. This program is an initiative of the Government of Papua to continuously improve its public financial management performance. Consequently, the analysis contained in this report addresses issues that are the region's main focus. Today, the Government of Papua is trying actively to achieve a 'New Papua' through implementing the following agenda: a) restructuring the local government; b) developing a prosperous Papua; c) developing a safe and peaceful Papua; and d) improving and accelerating the development of basic infrastructure and facilities
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Real gross domestic product (GDP) grew at 6.7 percent in FY11, continuing the upward trend in growth after declining during FY06-09. This strong performance can be repeated in FY12 if exports continue to grow and if garment exports benefit from the agreement reached during the recent India-Bangladesh Summit, remittances continue to recover, and if investment is boosted by improved infrastructure services particularly power. Risks in the global economy can affect Bangladesh in several ways. The standard and poor (S&P) downgrade of US debt as well as the debt problems in the Euro Zone are affecting the international markets and renewing fears of another global slowdown. This time around, limited fiscal and monetary space in developed countries increases the chances of a protracted slowdown. If this slowdown occurs, it can affect Bangladesh's balance of payments through its impact on exports and remittances, put pressure on the exchange rate, increase economic uncertainty, and, in turn, weaken investment and growth. Domestic policies will also affect Bangladesh's economic prospects. A slow pace of reforms in the investment climate can affect domestic and foreign investment, as can inadequacies in energy supply and the poor quality of roads. The reversal of trade reforms as well as weakening of the financial sector can also affect export growth and investment. Expansionary macroeconomic policies could increase risks on the current account and make inflation management more difficult. Unlike in 2008, Bangladesh has insufficient policy space to cushion the impact of a second global slowdown through fiscal stimulus. packages and monetary easing. Rapid growth in subsidies, sustained high rate of growth of credit to the private sector as well as recourse to monetary financing of the fiscal deficit have led to the erosion of the fiscal and monetary policy space. Much improved fiscal and monetary discipline combined with stronger efforts to address the energy and infrastructure deficits will be critical for sustaining growth performance. Maintaining the long-established tradition of sound macroeconomic management will also be important
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Afghanistan's economy is growing strongly. The growth drivers in recent years have been above-average agricultural production, strong growth in construction and transportation, and security spending enabled by large aid flows, especially in FY2009/10. Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth reached 8.4 percent in FY2010/11. Afghanistan's fiscal position is strengthening. In the last three years revenues grew by an average of 34 percent p.a., thanks to improvements in customs and tax administration. Larger increases are expected once mining operations and with the introduction of a value-added tax in FY2014/15. However, government expenditures will also increase in the coming years due to higher security spending, the roll out of pay-and-grading reforms for the civil service, rising recurrent obligations from large donor-supported projects (including those financed outside of the core budget) and the fiscal costs of the Kabul Bank bail-out. The first phase of the handover of security responsibilities to Afghan national security forces in six locations has been completed
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  • 66
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This publication is the product of a multi-year cluster analytical and advisory work on social and land conflict management of the World Bank office in Hanoi, which aimed to assist Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MoNRE) to improve the land acquisition and conversion process to achieve more sustainable development during the current rapid urbanization and industrialization process. There are three reports explained in this study as: 1) the policy note on improving land acquisition and voluntary land conversion in Vietnam; the study on land valuation mechanisms for compensation, support and resettlement in Vietnam; and the study on improving the system for resolving complaints on compensation, support and resettlement in Vietnam. The objective of the study was to assess the issues relating to involuntary and voluntary land conversion in the current laws and policies, and the implementation of these laws, and to propose improvements to be considered in the preparation of the law on amendments and supplementations of the Land Law scheduled to be placed before the National Assembly in 2013
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This assessment is focused on the Superintendencia de Seguros de la Nacion (SSN) in Argentina. SSN has responsibility for regulation and supervision of all players in the insurance market. In addition to its role as a supervisor, SSN has powers to issue regulations, is responsible for advising the executive on issues related to insurance, and can propose draft bills. The laws are passed by the national legislative branch and enacted by the national executive branch. The assessment was performed using the 2007 version of the core principles for insurance supervision issued by the International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS). This paper is structured into following four parts: part one is information and methodology used for the assessment; part two is institutional and macro prudential setting, part three gives summary assessment; and part four gives authorities' responses
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Transport Papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: IWT is more energy efficient that modes like road or rail. The bigger capacity of IWT units means that the sector is able to ship more tons per kilometer per unit of fuel than what is possible with other modes. This benefits the climate and makes the sector relatively cost-efficient. Even so, few countries fully exploit the potential benefits of IWT and in many countries the share of road transport is increasing at the cost of IWT. There are various possible reasons for this trend. Among the main reasons given by shippers to avoid IWT are advantages of road transport such as speed of delivery and flexibility, limitations imposed by IWT infrastructure (water levels, bridge clearances, port access) and underdeveloped intermodal facilities (transshipment from IWT to truck for pre- and end-haulage). For shippers these arguments are more important than the potential reduction of transport costs and CO2 emissions. Chapter two compares the global energy-efficiency of IWT with that of other transport modes. It also discusses the reasons for differences between modes and the implications of each for CO2 emissions. Chapter three deal with the varying energy-performance of IWT vessels in various regions in the world. Chapter four explores several energy efficiency benchmarking methods. The conclusions of part A are presented in chapter five
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the channels through which rising commodity prices might affect countries in the Europe and Central Asia Region (ECA) in the short run and to indicate which countries are most likely to be significantly affected. This paper discusses the effects of the global food and energy price increases on ECA countries from two perspectives: (a) impacts on the macro-economy through inflation, the trade balance, fiscal accounts and growth; and (b) distributional impacts within countries. It aims to highlight vulnerabilities to rising commodity prices and discusses some policy interventions to mitigate the impact of rising prices. It puts the ECA experience in the context of the last commodity price increase as well the recent global economic crisis. Section one summarizes the state of global commodity markets. Section two discusses the main macroeconomic channels through which commodity price increases affect the economy. Section three discusses the potential poverty impacts of the price increases and the ability of countries' social assistance systems to deal with the heightened need for social assistance. It also discusses country responses to the crisis to date with reference to policies followed during the 2008 price hikes. Section four examines ECA's agriculture sector and potential responses to the commodity price increase and price volatility. Section five discusses the energy sector. Bank support to ECA countries to help deal with commodity market a development is discussed in annexes one
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Community-driven development (CDD) projects seek to empower communities, reduce poverty, and improve economic and social conditions of the poor, typically in rural and remote areas. No less important, CDD also typically addresses two persistent gender gaps: (1) women's lack of voice in public decision making, and (2) their poor access to services and markets. Much of the development community finds CDD to be appealing, and its use is widespread and growing. Nonetheless, the evidence to support the assumption that CDD effectively promotes development and enhances women's opportunities can be strengthened. Although most development projects have monitoring systems, these systems often focus more on outputs and less on outcomes and impacts. Such systems do not provide policymakers, managers, and stakeholders with an understanding of the success or failure of their projects or whether the well-being of the intended beneficiaries has improved
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The recovery of global growth that started in 2010 began to weaken in 2011. During the first half the falloff was linked to the Tohoku nuclear disaster in Japan and high oil prices, but by the end of July, temporary effects from Tohoku were starting to fade and global industrial production was rising. However, since August the global economy has come under increasing stress from the sovereign debt problems in Europe, anemic growth in the US, and a slowdown in China and other main emerging markets. The latest leading indicators and forecasts point to a further slowdown in growth in Europe. Meanwhile, risks remain of a double-dip recession in the US and sharper slowdown in the large emerging economies. Near term developments depend critically on factors that are largely beyond the control of governments. As this is being written, leaders of the major European Union (EU) countries are still seeking to implement a set of credible policies to establish an orderly process for managing sovereign debt in Greece, to prevent risks from spreading to other economies in the euro zone, to recapitalize banks affected by likely sovereign debt write downs, and to establish a more unified and effective fiscal framework for euro zone (EZ) states. Uncertainty over their ability to successfully conclude this process, as well a series of ratings downgrades, stock market volatility and uncertainty over US deficit policies have shaken investor and business confidence and kept consumers wary. Most forecasters have already reduced their projections for global growth in the US and the EU by a percent or more
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Air pollution has major health impacts on people living in Ulaanbaatar. The excessively high particulate matter concentrations, especially in the winter and in the ger areas, increase the incidence of heart and lung diseases, and lead to premature deaths. Improving air quality management in Ulaanbaatar and reducing pollution concentrations would prevent illnesses, save lives and avoid enormous health costs. The implementation of the Air Monitoring and Health Impact Baseline (AMHIB) study has brought together Mongolian and international air quality experts as well as public health experts and economists who have taken an synergetic approach of linking public health, air quality and economic issues. This report builds upon the discussion paper air pollution in Ulaanbaatar: initial assessment of current situation and effects of abatement measures that was published in December 2009, and reflects the final results and recommendations from the AMHIB project
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Latin America and Caribbean Poverty and Labor Brief
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Strong poverty reduction in Latin America resumed with the growth rebound in 2010, as both moderate and extreme poor households benefitted from the recovery, accelerating poverty reduction to rates similar to those witnessed between 2003-2006 despite a 2.8 percent decline in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) terms, poverty levels in Latin America (LAC) remained basically static during the great recession, as the poor were shielded from the economic crisis in some countries and continued to benefit from growth in others. In 2010, poverty reduction resumed sharply in Latin America, as household incomes were once again closely linked to economic growth at rates similar to pre-crisis years. Moderate poverty declined by almost 2.5 percentage points to reach 28 percent in 2010, while extreme poverty fell by more than 2 percentage points to reach 14 percent. As 2011 comes to a close, once again the global economy and Latin America are facing risks of yet another economic slowdown. Using household survey data from 2010 and selected labor market indicators through the third quarter of 2011, this note identifies some basic facts on the impact of the crisis and the recovery on the poor and explores their implications for poverty reduction in the region going forward
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report provides an overview of the municipal debt market as it exists and has evolved over the past ten years. It provides an assessment of trends and patterns from both bank and bond sources covering all types of municipal governments. The overall objective of the work is to assess the regulatory environment pertaining to municipal borrowing in the country and to generate recommendations to improve this in a manner which expands municipal access to private debt finance while ensuring that risk is appropriately allocated and properly priced. More particularly, this report: 1) outlines the need and rationale for expanding access to credit finance on part of municipalities in India; 2) provides an overview of the existing municipal debt market; 3) provides an overview of the chief characteristics of the regulatory environment pertaining to municipal borrowing in India, places the existing regulatory system in international context, and outlines a suggested overall direction for reform; and 4) provides specific recommendations to improve the regulatory regimes over which the state and union governments have respective control
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  • 75
    ISBN: 0821386824 , 0821387367 , 9780821386828 , 9780821387368
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiii, 328 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Human development
    DDC: 338.4/73621095
    Keywords: Medical care, Cost of ; Medical economics ; Delivery of Health Care economics ; Economics, Medical ; Health Care Costs ; Population Dynamics
    Description / Table of Contents: Why this health financing noteBackground and overview of the East Asia and Pacific Region and the health sectors -- Importance of investing in health and a framework for managing and using funds in the sector -- Mobilization of revenues for health -- Pooling and management of funds -- Resource allocation and purchasing (RAP) -- Connecting financing and delivery of services : institutional and organizational characteristics in EAP countries -- Assessing performance in EAP : efficiency and equity of health financing.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Includes index
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Sierra Leone's devastating 11-year civil war destroyed much of its infrastructure, and left its economy in tatters. In 2004, two years after the end of the war, Sierra Leone asked the investment climate (IC) advisory services of the World Bank Group to help create a better business and investment climate that will lay a foundation for the country's future economic growth. Answering the call, the World Bank Group's IC advisory services partnered with the United Kingdom's (UK's) Department for International Development (DFID) to design a program to help Sierra Leone improve its business climate, encourage job creation, and spur investment. The result of this partnership was the removing administrative barriers to investment (RABI) program, which ran from 2004 to 2010. RABI pioneered a collaborative approach by working closely with the government, local institutions, and the private sector to implement a comprehensive, integrated agenda that focused on reforms in the following four areas: reducing barriers to businesses operating in the formal sector by simplifying new business registration.; streamlining tax administration, reforming tax policy, and supporting the national revenue authority to simplify taxes; creating a platform for effective and constructive dialogue between the government and the private sector in focal areas such as financial sector reform, access to land, and overall improvements in the investment climate, and supporting reform in those areas; and building and developing an effective investment and trade facilitation structure and promoting Sierra Leone as a vibrant and desirable location for business, especially in the tourism and agribusiness sectors. The RABI program was innovative and responsive, conducting rapid diagnostics, proposing integrated solutions, and moving quickly into implementation with support staff on the ground. The program was also one of the first of its kind to operate in a conflict-affected country, which demand specialized and targeted support solutions
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Philippines quarterly update provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the past three months. It also presents findings from recent World Bank work on the Philippines. It places them in a longer-term and global context, and assesses the implications of these developments and other changes in policy for the outlook for the Philippines. Its coverage ranges from the macro-economy to financial markets to indicators of human welfare and development. It is intended for a wide audience, including policy makers, business leaders, financial market participants, and the community of analysts and professionals engaged in the Philippines. Though the revised gross domestic product (GDP) growth estimates show small deviation from the old base year and methodology, the revision has resulted in a nominal GDP which is 6 percent larger and hence, lower fiscal statistics as a percentage of GDP (e.g., lower tax effort, but improved debt ratio), but also important sectoral growth changes. Investment is now noticeably higher due to improved coverage and transfer of items previously booked under consumption (e.g., military goods) the investment-to-GDP ratio in 2010 is now 20.5 percent instead of 15.6 percent. The demand side growth continues to post a remarkable uptick in investment. Investment grew by 37 percent year-on-year and contributed 6.8 percentage points to GDP growth, mostly driven by durable equipment and private construction. Private construction grew by 22 percent, albeit at a slower pace than the preceding three quarters, and compensated for the contraction in public construction which shrank by 37.3 percent due to continued fiscal tightening and a high base effect. Investment in durable equipment grew 17 percent with the building up of inventory in industrial machineries and road vehicles
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The objectives of the Costing Adaptation through Local Institutions (CALI) study were (a) to identify the costs of adaptation through local institutions, and (b) to investigate which institutions help households adapt to climate variability, which efforts and costs are needed to realize the adaptation options, and how they facilitate adaptation to climate variability. The study was carried out in Ethiopia, Mali, and Yemen. This report discusses the results for Yemen. In Yemen, village surveys were conducted in six villages and two expert workshops were organized to discuss the main framework of the study and to evaluate the draft results. The study assessed household vulnerability, analyzed the strategies households adopt to reduce the impacts of climate hazards, and evaluated the assistance households receive from different institutions. The analysis was based on household surveys, focus group discussions, and institutional stakeholder interviews. Vulnerability profiles, developed on the basis of field survey results, show that household vulnerability differs substantially between and within villages. The results show that the vulnerability and agro ecological potential in Yemen are related to rainfall, which is related to altitude. This study is a reflection of the insights that (a) poor, rural households are facing most of the climate variability- related hazards; (b) adaptation also has socioeconomic aspects; (c) understanding local adaptation processes is important for informing macro-policies; and (d) for prioritizing future adaptation, it is crucial to analyze historical adaptation strategies. The study involves an assessment of the adaptation options rural household pursue. The study also considers the differential access of various vulnerability groups, as well as the drivers for adopting particular strategies or constraints for not adopting other strategies. For this, households and institutional stakeholders were interviewed in six villages in Yemen, focus group discussions were organized, and experts were consulted
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This study is part of the ongoing dialogue on reforming trade logistics, and facilitating trade and transportation in Central and South Asian countries. It presents key findings from several rounds of first-hand observations and interviews conducted with multiple stakeholders to measure the performance of key road transport corridors across the region, including Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, and to some extent, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The study identifies obstacles that hinder efficient movement of goods along transport corridors, and offers recommendations for short- and medium-term reforms for participating country governments with particular emphasis on the performance of border crossings. The overall objective of this study is to provide basic information on transport corridor performance so that national policy makers and private sectors have a basis to open discussions on how they might cooperate to facilitate international trade and transport by addressing infrastructure and operational bottlenecks in the region
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Education Sector Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The World Bank's Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) for 2009-2012 marks Indonesia's re-emergence as a confident middle-income country, and one that is enjoying a rising regional and global standing. Ten years ago, Indonesia was in the middle of an extremely severe economic crisis. Today, Indonesia has embarked upon a far-reaching institutional transformation and has become one of the region's most vibrant democracies. Its sub-national governments are now major players in service delivery. This booklet highlights the World Bank's portfolio of activities that support the Government of Indonesia in the Human Development sector, which encompasses both health and education. The World Bank's Human Development sector work covers almost the entire human life cycle, from maternal and neo-natal health, health insurance, early childhood education, school health and nutrition, basic education, to teacher reform, secondary education and youth skills, higher education, medical and health professional education and lifelong learning
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Education Sector Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This Country Status Report (CSR) for Liberia is part of an ongoing series of country specific reports being prepared by the World Bank in collaboration with governments and development partners. The series aims to enhance the knowledge base for policy development. This report is intended to help engage a diverse audience on issues and policies in the education sector and to develop a shared vision for the future of Liberia. It is the first sector-wide report produced on the education system in Liberia since the end of the war. A policy options matrix follows the executive summary, which will provide government and partners with guidance on the key priorities to tackle. Besides consolidating information in a policy-relevant manner, this CSR makes a unique contribution to the education knowledge base by documenting not only traditional and basic indicators, such as gross enrollment rates and retention, but also examining the performance of the education system in terms of access, quality, equity, and resource allocation and utilization. The report also includes chapters on education governance and teacher management. This report highlights the country's significant education progress since the end of the 14-year civil war in 2003 and the challenges that need to be addressed
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Rural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The livelihoods of the world's poor rise and fall with the fate of agriculture. Enhancing the ability of smallholders to connect with the knowledge, networks, and institutions necessary to improve their productivity, food security, and employment opportunities is a fundamental development challenge. Where once rural areas were largely disconnected from the greater world, today, networks of information and communication technologies (ICTs) enmesh the globe and represent a transformational opportunity for rural populations, both as producers and consumers. However, climate change and price fluctuations in the global food market remind us that realizing this opportunity requires a long-term commitment to mobilizing appropriate resources and expertise. It is for this reason that we are particularly pleased to introduce the ICT in agriculture e-sourcebook. This resource was designed to support practitioners, decision-makers, and development partners who work at the intersection of ICT and agriculture. The authors hope is that it becomes a practical guide in understanding current trends, implementing appropriate interventions, and evaluating the impact of those programs. It combines cutting-edge expertise in ICT with empirical knowledge of a wide range of agricultural sectors, from governance to supply chain management. As an online knowledge source, it will continue to evolve and be updated to reflect the emerging and changing challenges and opportunities facing the sector. This activity was carried out as part of the program on creating sustainable businesses in the knowledge economy, for which the Government of Finland provided generous support. The publication represents a partnership of infoDev and the Agriculture and Rural Development Department of the World Bank Group, with significant contributions from outside experts
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Poverty Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: These briefs provide statistics on 39 socio-economic indicators encompassing several dimensions of wellbeing, including poverty and inequality, food security, labor market outcomes, sectoral distribution of employment, gender, education, health, and access to services and infrastructure. This compendium of key indicators aims to serve three main purposes. First, it provides a snap-shot of the development performance of each province and benchmarks it to that of other provinces and of nation as whole. This comparative perspective is provided with a view to assist policy makers and other development actors in their efforts to improve development effectiveness, particularly by providing evidence to prioritize and better target interventions at the provincial level. Second, by unbundling variations in development outcomes at the sub-national level, these provincial briefs complement and enrich the aggregate description of well being presented in the poverty status report. Third, these indicators are expected to provide provincial baselines to be updated by future rounds of the National Risk and Vulnerability Assessment (NRVA), in addition to serving as a reference for measures obtained from other data sources
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The outlook for FY2011 has changed since the last macroeconomic update in October 2010.1 While gross development product (GDP) growths is still projected to be around 6.2 percent in FY11, inflationary pressures have strengthened and the external position has weakened. Rising energy and food subsidies are placing a strain on the budget, but higher-than-anticipated revenues and lower-than-budgeted Annual Development Program expenditures leave sufficient fiscal space for the government to react to these pressures. Progress on reforms is mixed, with advances made on Value Added Tax reforms, efforts to tighten liquidity and setting up a framework for public-private partnership projects. Developments on telecommunication policy, the Anticorruption Commission, and policy responses to stock market volatility are a cause for concern. The growth outlook for FY12 remains good but there are risks that need to be contained. Short-term risks include rising food and fuel prices, deteriorating remittances, an increased reserve drawdown, a growing quasi-fiscal deficit, stock market volatility and its potential impact on the banking sector. Long-term risks include the inability to sufficiently alleviate power shortages, raise public investment, and remove bottlenecks for private investment
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Cattle are one of the main instruments for economic (e.g., milk, meat, and cattle sale) and social (e.g., marriage, death, dispute settlement, and gift giving) exchange in Uganda. They serve as the main source of livelihood for a large majority of rural Ugandans, especially in the cattle corridor. Recent statistics demonstrate that the livestock sector contributes 13.1 percent of the agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) and 5 percent of the national GDP. Since 1991, the output of the livestock sector has grown on an average of 2.2 percent per annum, with most of the growth coming from the dairy sector. Dairy is an important and growing sector of Uganda's economy, and it is increasingly proving to be a lucrative livelihood option for a large number of households engaged in milk production and trade. Frequent realization of risks, however, impacts the performance of the supply chain. Effective management of these risks will require increased efforts to mitigate the identified risks and strengthen coping mechanisms. However, rather than a stand-alone risk management strategy, these efforts should be an integral component of a broader dairy development policy and strategy
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The firming of the economic recovery is putting the policy spotlight back on the longer term challenge of faster, more inclusive Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth. Modest investment rates despite attractive returns and low savings rates despite favorable demographics are important impediments. A virtuous cycle of faster capital accumulation, job creation (especially for the youth), and technological advancement needs to be stimulated. There are no quick fixes that can produce the desired stimulus. The quest for inclusive growth calls for a different, bolder approach. Integration of the advanced and less-developed economies and more effective integration with the global economy, using factory Southern Africa as a platform, hold considerable potential. South Africa's medium-term growth prospects point to a strengthening recovery. GDP growth is projected to be 3.5 percent in 2011, 4.1 percent in 2012 and 4.4 percent in 2013. The long term potential growth rate under the current policy environment is estimated at 3.5 percent. In light of South Africa's low national savings, the reemergence of high current account deficits, financed mostly through volatile portfolio flows, will reemerge as the biggest cause for macroeconomic concern over the medium term. With considerable strengthening of the economic recovery and GDP projected to reach its potential by 2014, the focus shifts back to the longer term challenge of raising GDP growth to 6-7 percent and making it much more inclusive to tackle the extremely high unemployment. This first issue is anchored in the national aspirations of faster and more inclusive growth, with special emphasis on the issues of savings and investment
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The objectives of the study are to: a) increase understanding of the effects and effectiveness of the implementation of the local government reform launched in 2006; and b) assess the impact of a World Bank-supported intervention that aimed to enhance effectiveness of the reforms by increasing local capacity and local participation. In line with these objectives, the study assessed the perceived effects and effectiveness of the implementation of the local government reform in selected provinces. The study also constitutes a baseline to allow for on-going assessment of progress and to inform corrective policy actions. The instruments and methods created during the study may be used in future assessments of the dynamics of local governance reform. These effects are reviewed in section two. The study also carried out a rigorous evaluation of the impact of an operational intervention carried out with World Bank support in the three regions of the study. This grant-funded project was aimed at increasing the effectiveness of participation of rural citizens in public life and increasing the capacity of local administrations to operate in the new legal and fiscal environment created by the decentralization reform. The summary of the impact evaluation can be found in section three
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Thailand has been pursuing the implementation of results based management techniques in the public sector for over a decade. Leading this task is the Office of the Public Sector Development Commission (OPDC) which has been supporting various agencies and departments in undertaking a wide variety of results based management reforms, including key performance indicators, balanced scorecards, and individual performance bonuses, among others. This report summarizes the results of a two week fact finding mission and a one day workshop conducted by the Office of the Public Sector Development Commission (OPDC) of the Prime Minister's office in collaboration with the World Bank's Public Sector Performance Global Expert Team (PSP-GET) held on September 24, 2010 in Bangkok, Thailand. This report covers the main areas to consider in implementing a results based management system. The report provides an overview of Thailand's Results Based Management (RBM) system, with an emphasis on lessons from international experience in leveraging performance information to deliver results. Chapters on how to link performance with planning and budgeting, as well as an overview of incentives to improve performance are included. Each chapter is loosely structured in the following way: issues identified during discussions; relevant lessons from international experiences; and overall recommendations and findings of the PSP-GET
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This note synthesizes the experience of three political economy case studies: the water sector in West Bank and Gaza, the bus sector in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and the port sector in Chittagong, Bangladesh. The objective is to describe: the process of conducting these types of studies, and how recommendations which have a higher chance of feeding into reforms or operations can be developed. It is hoped that these insights will be useful for development practitioners and operational teams who are considering conducting political economy studies. It is increasingly accepted that better understanding and management of the political economy of policy reforms can help development agencies, including the World Bank, refine policy advice and operational support in partner countries. Support of reforms which are technically feasible and politically acceptable, while simultaneously promoting a poverty reduction agenda, remain a core challenge for the World Bank. It is anticipated that the additional time and effort put into political economy work will often translate into improved design and implementation of sector reforms and operations, and thus increase their effectiveness. It illustrates lessons for operational teams and development practitioners on conducting political economy work. Finally, it shows that certain obstacles need to be anticipated when translating political economy recommendations into design of operations and illustrates, through the case studies, how they can be addressed
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The main objective of this note is to outline the issues that need to be considered at the planning stage; and to analyze what are the options for Government of Pakistan (GOP) to consider extending social protection to health. Because the potential beneficiaries also access publicly?financed services from the public health sector, and because they are a large share of the supposed target beneficiaries of parallel initiatives financed by the Government, the Bank recommends that a team, including members from Benazir Income Support Program (BISP), Ministry of Finance, Federal Ministry of health and the provincial governments be formed to discuss pros and cons of alternative design features. The Bank will be pleased to support this effort. This is the first of the policy note series on social protection in health by South Asia Human Development Sector (SASHD). Policy note dilates the essential principles and critical issues in the design of a social health insurance model and also presents various options available to extend health insurance to the target population (poor and vulnerable)
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  • 91
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: At the end of 2010, the fiscal situation appears under control with a relatively small deficit estimated around 2 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This is good news in a country that still suffers from uncertainty about its political future. Yet, this fiscal stability was the result of a severe decline in public spending that accumulated for only 12 percent of GDP-one of the lowest ratios in the world. The weak share of public investment has become especially alarming, because it may further exacerbate the existing deficiencies in both physical and human capital that are observed in Madagascar. This development raises the fundamental questions about the conduct of future fiscal policy and its contribution to economic growth
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Indonesia economic quarterly reports on and synthesizes the past three months' key developments in Indonesia's economy. It places them in a longer-term and global context, and assesses the implications of these developments and other changes in policy for the outlook for Indonesia's economic and social welfare. Its coverage ranges from the macro economy to financial markets to indicators of human welfare and development. It is intended for a wide audience, including policy makers, business leaders, financial market participants, and the community of analysts and professionals engaged in Indonesia's evolving economy. Economic developments over the past quarter bear some strong similarities with the situation seen in the first half of 2008. Most notably, rises in domestic and international commodity prices have again brought with them a variety of risks, both positive and negative, at the macroeconomic and household level. While oil prices increased sharply with political developments in the Middle East and North Africa, strong price rises have been seen across global commodities. Non-energy commodities, including food, were up 30 percent in the six months to February 2011, similar to the increases seen in the first half of 2008. The experiences of other countries through the 2008 food price crisis suggest a range of potential policies which can provide well-targeted protection for vulnerable households and maintain and create incentives for producers to help limit future price volatility
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The pace of economic activity is gradually returning to pre-crisis levels. After a roller-coaster of sharp drops, vigorous rebounds and mild contractions, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was up 4.8 percent in the last quarter of 2010 on a seasonally-adjusted annualized (SAAR) basis, closer to pre-crisis, normal levels. For 2010 as a whole, GDP expanded by 7.8 percent from 2009. Growth was broad-based, with significant contributions from external and domestic demands. Thailand's economy is one of the most energy intensive in the region because of the large (and growing) share of energy-intensive manufacturing in the economy and high proportion of cargo transported by trucks. Thailand can reduce its vulnerability to oil price shocks by raising fuel standards, improving tax incentives for conservation and relying more on rail for cargo transport
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This Cameroon economic update, the World Bank is launching a program of short, crisp and more frequent country economic reports. These economic updates will analyze the trends and constraints in Cameroon's economic development. Each issue, produced bi-annually, will provide an update of recent economic developments as well as a special focus on a selected topical issue. The economic updates aim to share knowledge and stimulate debate among those interested in improving the economic management of Cameroon and unleashing its enormous potential. The notes thereby offer another voice on economic issues in Cameroon, and an additional platform for engagement, learning and change. The report's special focus on the telecommunication sector. Cameroon has been hit by the global economic and financial crisis over the past two years, as reflected in steep declines in the price and demand for its export commodities including oil, timber, rubber, cotton and aluminum. However, the upturn in the global economy and measures taken by the authorities to stimulate domestic production, preliminary indications suggest that economic activity is recovering. Gross domestic product (GDP) growth in 2010 is estimated to have reached 3 percent on the back of stronger non-oil activities, which expanded by about 4 percent (particularly food crops, forestry, construction, transport, and telecoms). Data on private credit growth corroborate this assessment. Cameroon is a relatively small and mature oil producer, where oil production is declining. Depleting reserves, aging equipment, and more recently postponements of some development projects and investments because of the financial crisis explain this profile. The contribution of this sector to GDP growth has been mostly negative in recent years: oil production is estimated to have contracted by a further 16 percent in 2010 (to 23.2 million barrels)
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to summarize the challenges and the practical successes that a selected number of countries are experiencing in moving towards 'climate-smart' agriculture while also meeting the food requirements of a growing population, broader economic development and green growth objectives. It complements papers prepared in 2010 on technologies and policy instruments, research, and farmers' perspectives. The paper is also intended to provide a broad country perspective to two additional papers produced for a meeting of African Ministers of Agriculture which took place in Johannesburg in September 2011. The main conclusion is that a number of countries have made impressive progress in integrating 'climate-smart agriculture' into broader development and growth programs. Several countries are supporting policy measures and programs to conserve soil and moisture while enhancing productivity and competitiveness, and are addressing the particular concerns of drought-prone semi-arid areas. They are improving agricultural water management and watershed management, and addressing sea-surges, salinity and coastal flooding. Some countries are also including climate-smart agriculture as a core element in broader green growth agendas. The private sector has a key role to play in climate-smart agriculture, especially where the enabling environment has been favorable. Achieving climate-smart agriculture needs an integrated approach, tackling productivity and food security, risk and resilience, and low carbon growth together, but integration and institutional coordination remains a challenge in many countries
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The economic rebound in recent quarters has been stronger than expected and the economy is showing signs of overheating. These signs are show up in rising inflation, especially of those goods and services which are in strong demand, but cannot easily be imported or whose local supply cannot readily be increased to meet the growing demand. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth reached 20.8 percent year-on-year (yoy) in Q3, following an outturn of 17.3 percent in Q2. Growth for the year as a whole will likely hit 15 percent, if not more, up from 6.4 percent in 2010, and is being pushed by infrastructure spending as Mongolia develops its vast mineral wealth. Inflation continues its upward trend. The trade deficit is close to record levels (US
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Tourism sector growth continues to be robust in 2011, consolidating the strong rebound in real Gross Domestic Product, or GDP growth in 2010. Real GDP growth is estimated to be 8.3 percent in 2011, down from 9.9 percent in 2010. Fast growing tourism receipts are supporting higher than expected government revenue outcomes. Recently introduced tax reforms, particularly the tourism goods and services tax, will put medium term fiscal sustainability on a firmer footing. Nevertheless, fiscal consolidation remains the policy priority for the authorities. Discussions with the International Monetary Fund or IMF on a program of support will resume this quarter. to see if agreement can be reached on measures that ensures medium-term fiscal and debt sustainability Domestic financing of the unsustainable fiscal deficit and rising international commodities prices continue to put pressure on the demand for foreign currency. Consequently, foreign reserves have resumed their downward trend after the boost from one-off privatization receipts. Uncertainty related to the recent devaluation of the Rufiyaa has subsided, but it is still trading at the upper end of the band and there remains an approximately 10 percent parallel market premium. The inflationary effects of the devaluation are now being felt with consumer price inflation rising to double digits in recent months
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This global report examines the opportunity for special economic zones to promote women's economic empowerment and boost zone and enterprise competitiveness in developing countries. The research covers Bangladesh, China, Costa Rica, Egypt, El Salvador, Jordan, Kenya, and the Philippines. The study focuses on women's economic empowerment in the context of zones at three levels: (i) fair employment and working conditions for female employees; (ii) equal access to opportunities for professional advancement; and (iii) investment opportunities for female entrepreneurs. The study also examines gender-friendly policies and practices that support these three main goals, which include a wide range of options around laws, regulations, labor policies, gender-sensitive professional development programs, family support mechanisms, women's health programs, and supplier diversity and capacity-building initiatives. This study establishes the business case for investments in women's economic empowerment in SEZs, and identifies good-practice examples of recommended enablers to address this investment opportunity. Enablers are defined as efforts to counteract the negative impact of the obstacles women face in economic participation, and can include policies and programs at the government, zone, and enterprise level. The study provides background, evidence of challenges and success stories, comprehensive recommendations, and a suite of tools and tips to implement the recommendations successfully
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The approach taken in this report reflects the view of the collaborating international organizations that price volatility and its effects on food security is a complex issue with many dimensions, agricultural and non-agricultural, short and long-term, with highly differentiated impacts on consumers and producers in developed and developing countries. The report begins with a discussion of volatility and of the ways in which volatility affects countries, businesses, consumers and farmers. Lessons learned from recent experiences are briefly reviewed as well as the factors determining likely levels of volatility in future. This report offers suggestions for a systematic and internationally coordinated response building on the lessons learned as a result of the 2007-2008crisis. It is important to distinguish between policy options designed to prevent or reduce price volatility and those designed to mitigate its consequences. Both types of intervention are explored in detail. Scope is identified for actions at individual, national, regional and international level. Some would help to avert a threat; others are in the nature of contingency plans to improve readiness, while still others address long-term issues of resilience. Finally, the report explores mechanisms of international cooperation to implement this report's recommendations and to monitor progress
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Carbon finance recognizes the contribution of projects to mitigating climate change. To be able to access carbon finance, projects can certify their emission reductions under a variety of standards, one of which is the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Project developers can sell their carbon credits either in the voluntary or the regulated market. Since 2002, projects from diverse sectors have been applying the CDM modalities and procedures to generate Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) that are traded in the carbon market Afforestation/Reforestation (A/R) is one out of the 15 sectors that can generate carbon credits under the CDM. The purpose of this document is to share the experience of the BioCarbon Fund (BioCF) of the World Bank in developing and implementing 21 A/R CDM projects in 16 countries. This experience shows that the benefits associated with A/R CDM projects support the livelihood of rural people and their local environment in a significant manner. However, depending on their capacity, projects may struggle with getting credit certification and the associated benefits. This report presents the opportunities and challenges A/R CDM projects face and presents recommendations to facilitate their design and implementation as well as to scale them up significantly
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