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  • World Bank  (1,626)
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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: ill , 30 cm
    DDC: 304.6/32/0962
    Keywords: Fertility ; Egypt ; Egypt ; Population ; Birth control ; Egypt
    Note: World Fertility Survey, International Statistical Institute , This project was conducted as part of the World Fertility Survey and with the collaboration of the World Bank"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In:  volume:5 | number:1 | day:26 | month:2 | year:2019 | pages:1-12 | date:12.2019 | Palgrave communications
    ISSN: 2055-1045 , 2055-1045
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Palgrave communications
    Publ. der Quelle: Basingstoke, Hampshire : Palgrave Macmillan, [2015-2020]
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:5
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:26
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-12
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:12.2019
    DDC: 500
    Keywords: Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary. ; Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Polar biology
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer, 1982-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:42
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:6
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:5
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1183-1192
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:6.2019
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: (lcsh)Oceanography. ; (lcsh)Ecology. ; (lcsh)Microbiology. ; (lcsh)Plant science. ; (lcsh)Botany. ; (lcsh)Zoology. ; Ecology. ; Oceanography. ; Microbiology. ; Plant Sciences. ; Zoology.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 2352-6181 , 2352-6181
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnic foods
    Publ. der Quelle: London : BMC, 2014-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:6
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:17
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:7
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-10
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:12.2019
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: (lcsh)Social sciences. ; Social Sciences, general.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-2800 , 1573-2800
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Archives of sexual behavior
    Publ. der Quelle: Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1971-
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:26
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:9
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-5
    DDC: 306.461
    Keywords: (lcsh)Public health. ; (lcsh)Social sciences. ; (lcsh)Sexual behavior. ; (lcsh)Sexual psychology. ; Sexual Behavior. ; Public Health. ; Social Sciences, general.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In:  volume:6 | number:1 | day:11 | month:12 | year:2019 | pages:1-9 | date:12.2019 | Journal of ethnic foods
    ISSN: 2352-6181 , 2352-6181
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnic foods
    Publ. der Quelle: London : BMC, 2014-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:6
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:11
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-9
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:12.2019
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: (lcsh)Social sciences. ; Social Sciences, general.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In:  volume:6 | number:1 | day:22 | month:11 | year:2019 | pages:1-7 | date:12.2019 | Journal of ethnic foods
    ISSN: 2352-6181 , 2352-6181
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnic foods
    Publ. der Quelle: London : BMC, 2014-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:6
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:22
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:11
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-7
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:12.2019
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: (lcsh)Social sciences. ; Social Sciences, general.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In:  volume:12 | number:6 | day:20 | month:12 | year:2019 | pages:54-57 | date:12.2019 | Lightweight design
    ISSN: 2192-8738 , 2192-8738
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Lightweight design
    Publ. der Quelle: Wiesbaden : Vieweg und Teubner/Springer Fachmedien, 2008-2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:6
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:54-57
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:12.2019
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Sägen ; Bearbeitung ; (lcsh)Chemistry. ; Chemistry/Food Science, general.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In:  day:27 | month:2 | year:2019 | pages:1-15 | Neophilologus
    ISSN: 1572-8668
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Neophilologus
    Publ. der Quelle: Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1916-
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:27
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-15
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: (lcsh)Comparative literature. ; (lcsh)Comparative linguistics. ; (lcsh)Historical linguistics. ; (lcsh)Philology. ; (lcsh)Syntax. ; Historical Linguistics. ; Comparative Linguistics. ; Philology. ; Comparative Literature. ; Syntax.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In:  volume:43 | number:1 | day:27 | month:12 | year:2019 | pages:1-15 | date:12.2019 | Bulletin of the National Research Centre
    ISSN: 2522-8307 , 2522-8307
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Bulletin of the National Research Centre
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer, [2018?]-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:43
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:27
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-15
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:12.2019
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Science, multidisciplinary.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1437-1596 , 1437-1596
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: International journal of legal medicine
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer, 1922-
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:31
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-5
    DDC: 614.1
    Keywords: (lcsh)Medicine. ; (lcsh)Forensic medicine. ; (lcsh)Medical laws and legislation. ; Forensic Medicine. ; Medical Law. ; Medicine/Public Health, general.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In:  volume:70 | number:10 | day:22 | month:9 | year:2018 | pages:17-19 | date:10.2018 | Heilberufe
    ISSN: 1867-1535 , 1867-1535
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Heilberufe
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer Medizin, 2007-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:70
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:10
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:22
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:9
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:17-19
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:10.2018
    DDC: 618.928
    Keywords: Märchen ; Kind ; (lcsh)Medicine. ; (lcsh)Nursing. ; Medicine & Public Health. ; Nursing.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In:  day:31 | month:1 | year:2018 | pages:1-15 | Forum der Psychoanalyse
    ISSN: 1437-0751
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Forum der Psychoanalyse
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York : Springer, 1997-
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:31
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-15
    DDC: 150
    Keywords: Berufskleidung ; Psychotherapeut ; Bescheidenheit ; Kleidung ; Sublimierung ; (lcsh)Psychology. ; (lcsh)Psychiatry. ; (lcsh)Psychotherapy. ; (lcsh)Psychoanalysis. ; Psychology. ; Psychology, general. ; Psychiatry. ; Psychotherapy. ; Psychoanalysis.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In:  volume:76 | number:1 | day:24 | month:9 | year:2018 | pages:1-6 | date:12.2018 | Archives of public health
    ISSN: 2049-3258
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Archives of public health
    Publ. der Quelle: Bruxelles : Archives, 1997-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:76
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:24
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:9
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-6
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:12.2018
    DDC: 613.2
    Keywords: (lcsh)Medicine. ; (lcsh)Public health. ; Medicine & Public Health. ; Public Health. ; Medicine/Public Health, general.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 2397-4621
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: npj flexible electronics
    Publ. der Quelle: London : Springer Nature, [2017]-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:13
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-7
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:12.2018
    DDC: 620
    Keywords: (lcsh)Materials science. ; (lcsh)Polymers. ; (lcsh)Electronics. ; (lcsh)Microelectronics. ; (lcsh)Optical materials. ; (lcsh)Electronic materials. ; Materials Science. ; Materials Science, general. ; Optical and Electronic Materials. ; Polymer Sciences. ; Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In:  day:8 | month:3 | year:2018 | pages:1-17 | Children's literature in education
    ISSN: 1573-1693
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Children's literature in education
    Publ. der Quelle: Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1970-
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:8
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-17
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: (lcsh)Linguistics. ; (lcsh)Philology. ; (lcsh)Education. ; (lcsh)Language and education. ; (lcsh)Sociology. ; Linguistics. ; Language and Literature. ; Language Education. ; Education, general. ; Sociology, general.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In:  volume:4 | number:1 | day:24 | month:4 | year:2018 | pages:1-8 | date:12.2018 | Palgrave Communications
    ISSN: 2055-1045
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Palgrave Communications
    Publ. der Quelle: Basingstoke, Hampshire : Palgrave Macmillan, 2015-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:4
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:24
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:4
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-8
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:12.2018
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary. ; Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary. ; Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In:  volume:34 | number:2 | day:24 | month:5 | year:2018 | pages:159-171 | date:6.2018 | Forum der Psychoanalyse
    ISSN: 1437-0751
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Forum der Psychoanalyse
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York : Springer, 1997-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:34
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:24
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:5
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:159-171
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:6.2018
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Kannibalismus ; Fressverhalten ; (lcsh)Psychology. ; (lcsh)Psychiatry. ; (lcsh)Psychotherapy. ; (lcsh)Psychoanalysis. ; Psychology. ; Psychology, general. ; Psychiatry. ; Psychotherapy. ; Psychoanalysis.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In:  day:15 | month:11 | year:2018 | pages:1-16 | Neophilologus
    ISSN: 1572-8668
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Neophilologus
    Publ. der Quelle: Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1916-
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:15
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:11
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-16
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: (lcsh)Comparative literature. ; (lcsh)Comparative linguistics. ; (lcsh)Historical linguistics. ; (lcsh)Philology. ; (lcsh)Syntax. ; Historical Linguistics. ; Comparative Linguistics. ; Philology. ; Comparative Literature. ; Syntax.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In:  volume:53 | number:6 | day:11 | month:12 | year:2018 | pages:310 | date:12.2018 | Pädiatrie & Pädologie
    ISSN: 1613-7558 , 1613-7558
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Pädiatrie & Pädologie
    Publ. der Quelle: Wien [u.a.] : Springer, 2007-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:53
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:6
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:11
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:310
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:12.2018
    DDC: 616.5
    Keywords: Tätowierung ; Ektomie ; Laser ; (lcsh)Pediatrics. ; Pediatrics.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In:  volume:25 | number:4 | day:17 | month:10 | year:2018 | pages:487-500 | date:12.2018 | Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching
    ISSN: 1862-2577 , 1862-2577
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching
    Publ. der Quelle: Wiesbaden : VS Verl. für Sozialwissenschaften, 2000-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:25
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:4
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:17
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:10
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:487-500
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:12.2018
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Ritus ; Coaching ; Übergang ; Consulting, Supervision and Coaching. ; Industrial and Organizational Psychology.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In:  volume:34 | number:4 | day:31 | month:1 | year:2018 | pages:377-391 | date:12.2018 | Forum der Psychoanalyse
    ISSN: 1437-0751 , 1437-0751
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Forum der Psychoanalyse
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York : Springer, 1997-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:34
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:4
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:31
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:377-391
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:12.2018
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Berufskleidung ; Psychotherapeut ; Bescheidenheit ; Kleidung ; Sublimierung ; (lcsh)Psychiatry. ; (lcsh)Psychotherapy. ; (lcsh)Psychoanalysis. ; (lcsh)Psychology. ; Psychology, general. ; Psychiatry. ; Psychotherapy. ; Psychoanalysis.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In:  volume:5 | number:4 | day:16 | month:11 | year:2018 | pages:301-304 | date:11.2018 | International communication of Chinese culture
    ISSN: 2197-4241 , 2197-4241
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: International communication of Chinese culture
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer, 2014-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:5
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:4
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:16
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:11
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:301-304
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:11.2018
    DDC: 305.8
    Keywords: (lcsh)Communication. ; Communication Studies.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In:  day:19 | month:12 | year:2018 | pages:1-8 | The mathematical intelligencer
    ISSN: 1866-7414 , 1866-7414
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: The mathematical intelligencer
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 1978-
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:19
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-8
    DDC: 516
    Keywords: (lcsh)Mathematics. ; (lcsh)Physics. ; Mathematics, general. ; Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics. ; Mathematical Methods in Physics. ; Numerical and Computational Physics, Simulation. ; Mathematical and Computational Engineering.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In:  day:4 | month:12 | year:2018 | pages:1-16 | International journal of the sociology of leisure
    ISSN: 2520-8691 , 2520-8691
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: International journal of the sociology of leisure
    Publ. der Quelle: [Cham] : Springer International Publishing, [2017]-
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:4
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-16
    DDC: 302.23
    Keywords: (lcsh)Medical research. ; (lcsh)Sociology. ; (lcsh)Quality of life. ; Sociology, general. ; Quality of Life Research.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In:  day:26 | month:11 | year:2018 | pages:1-15 | International journal of the sociology of leisure
    ISSN: 2520-8691 , 2520-8691
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: International journal of the sociology of leisure
    Publ. der Quelle: [Cham] : Springer International Publishing, [2017]-
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:26
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:11
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2018
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-15
    DDC: 306.48
    Keywords: (lcsh)Medical research. ; (lcsh)Sociology. ; (lcsh)Quality of life. ; Sociology, general. ; Quality of Life Research.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464812798
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Narayan, Ambar, author Fair progress?
    DDC: 331.12/72
    Keywords: Income ; Occupational mobility ; Social mobility
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Poverty Assessment
    Abstract: Vietnam has achieved remarkable success in reducing poverty while controlling inequality. The country's broad-based growth reflects the government's focus on developing labor-intensive export sectors while investing heavily in human capital that saw the country exceed its peers. However, gains have been concentrated among the Kinh and Hoa ethnic majority, while minority groups have not only continued to experience poverty rates far above the national average, but have seen slower progress too. This report analyzes recent trends in poverty and shared prosperity. It presents the findings of the 2016 Vietnam household and living standards survey (VHLSS), highlighting important progress and identifying new challenges. The report is organized into two main sections. The first section reviews Vietnam's progress in reducing poverty and promoting share prosperity. It describes updated poverty and shared prosperity trends, the nature of economic mobility, and the drivers of poverty reduction. The second section - titled leaving no one behind is more forward-looking, starting by identifying major constraints faced by the poor, then proceeding to lay out challenges for moving the poverty and shared prosperity agenda going forward
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: Industrial production and services growth remained resilient. Inflation has accelerated, primarily due to supply shocks. Monetary policy has been accommodative. Financial sector vulnerability is rising. With a tightening of prudential controls, lending rates are back to double digits. Despite significant recovery in both exports and remittances, the current account deficit widened sharply, driven by a surge in imports. The overall balance of payments swung into deficit for the first time since FY11. Consequently, the exchange rate has depreciated. Interventions to smoothen exchange rate adjustments have eroded foreign exchange reserves. The fiscal deficit has been contained as weak revenue growth was counterbalanced by even weaker growth in expenditures. GDP growth is projected in the 6.5-7 percent range in the medium-term, while macro stability will require heightened vigilance. Poverty reduction has continued but slowed. The amount of poverty reduction achieved by each percent of growth fell by a third. Extreme poverty is projected to fall modestly to 11-12 percent in the medium-term. Downside risks center on the solvency of banks and the run-up to elections elevating instability and policy uncertainty. Going forward, investment and innovation enabling reforms will be key to accelerating development progress
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Knowledge Economy Study
    Abstract: Coding bootcamps are intensive short-term programs designed to train participants in programming skills to make them immediately employable. They combine characteristics of traditional vocational training programs with the intensity of military bootcamps for new recruits, intermingling socio emotional and tech skills learning in an intense and experiential manner, in what could be referred to as skills accelerators. The authors refer to coding bootcamps in this report as the ready-to-work model. The initiative aims to collect and share examples and lessons of bootcamps in emerging markets, and measure the impact of bootcamp training on youth employment in selected countries. The program seeks to establish a framework of best practice for future projects in technology upskilling in the developing world. This report highlights the results of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) carried out in Medellin (Colombia), complemented with qualitative studies in Beirut (Lebanon) and Nairobi (Kenya). This report is arranged as follows: Chapter 1 starts with introduction; Chapter 2 describes the intervention in Medellin,including the experimental allocation of training slots to the bootcamp; Chapters 3 and 4 present the qualitative studies in Beirut and Nairobi; The main findings from the three interventions are presented in Chapter 5; and lessons for future impact evaluations are described in Chapter 6
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Abstract: At present rates, the global 2030 Universal Health Coverage (UHC) targets under the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals will not be met. Urgent action is needed to speed progress in the two dimensions of UHC, health service coverage and financial protection, and to ensure that no one is left behind. What can be done? First, countries can learn from past experience. This report identifies a set of factors common among countries that made outstanding progress on selected service coverage and financial protection indicators between 2000 and 2015. By adapting proven approaches to their own settings, and by addressing stubborn implementation bottlenecks, countries can accelerate progress towards UHC. Second, even as they benefit from models of success, countries must prepare to manage deeper health system transformation now on the horizon. Spurred by economic, technological, demographic, and epidemiologic forces, these transformations will reshape the landscape in which countries pursue their 2030 UHC goals, creating new risks but also opportunities
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  • 32
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: The Economic Update (SEU) evaluates the recent (2016-17) growth performance and macroeconomic policies in Senegal, thus providing a basis for the policy dialog with the Government and other stakeholders. The first section of the Economic Update evaluates the drivers of growth and the macroeconomic framework. Three-year perspectives are also included, underlining risks and challenges. The second section evaluates the agricultural sector in more detail focusing on the recent evolution of the agriculture sector and on the impact of public sector involvement
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464812828
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research report
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Moving for prosperity: global migration and labor markets
    DDC: 331.6/2
    Keywords: Emigration and immigration Economic aspects ; Emigration and immigration Government policy ; Foreign workers ; Labor market ; Labor mobility
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Abstract: The skills for tomorrow's Jobs in Bangladesh attempts to address key skills challenges and identifyopportunities in the backdrop of fast technological and economic changes. It proposes mid to long-term strategic policy options that would contribute to economic growth and job creation in Bangladesh with a focus on post-secondary education and skills development sectors. It aims to inform the Government and the World Bank's jobs agenda. The study draws upon relevant literatures from international and national sources, the government's surveys and education statistics, and analytical works undertaken by the World Bank and other agencies. Moreover, the study was extensively informed and guided by knowledge and insights gathered through the experience from the World Bank funded operations and series of consultations on skills for future jobs with relevant stakeholders in Bangladesh
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: This report reviews South Africa's recent economic and social developments. It underlines that South Africa's current economic rebound may not be sustained if the fundamental factors undermining its growth potential are not boldly addressed. This includes in particular income inequality, which fuels resource contestation, policy uncertainty and scare private investors of seeing their investments overly taxed and expropriated. Nevertheless, inequalities are increasingly driven by labor markets developments, as opposed to race or location of origin. Policy actions could accelerate a projected decline in inequalities resulting from greater access to education. Using a dynamic computable general equilibrium, the report simulates a number of policy scenarios until 2030. Simulation results suggests that continuing to address corruption, restoring policy certainty in mining, improving the competitiveness of strategic state-owned enterprises, further exposing South Africa's large conglomerates to foreign competition, and facilitating skilled immigration would raise labor demand and create the fiscal space needed to eventually build labor supply from the poor population through education and spatial integration reforms. By 2030, extreme poverty could be almost eradicated and inequalities significantly reduced. And as inequalities decline, the social contract would strengthen and likely encourage further private investment - a possibility not captured in the simulations
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: In 2017, the Philippines was among the top three growth performers in the East Asia region. Only Vietnam and China performed better. The Philippines growth performance slightly weakened in 2017 to 6.7 percent year-on-year from 6.9 percent in 2016. Growth was anchored in strong exports, while investment growth significantly slowed and consumption growth moderated. The Philippines' annual exports rose sharply in 2017 and became the main engine of economic growth, while imports continued to grow by double-digits. Investment growth slowed in 2017, following two consecutive years of rapid expansion, and climbing inflation slowed real wage growth and contributed to a moderation in private consumption growth
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Abstract: In order to understand a country as large and diverse as Russia, it is extremely important to consider spatial patterns of economic development. As Russia looks for new drivers of economic growth, it is important to understand the structural conditions that have defined economic development in Russia's regions. This report uses the Economic Potential Index (EPI) methodology to identify the conditions that drive regional development. Economic potential is the level of productivity that is possible for a region to achieve given its structural endowments, which are characteristics that are hard to alter in the short run. The methodology used in this report combines quantitative analysis of drivers of productivity across regions with in-depth case studies that focus on the role of regional governments and institutions in converting endowments into economic outcomes. This methodology generates insights that are relevant for both national and regional governments. The first chapter of this report provides an overview of regional development in Russia over the last 25 years and identifies "Russia-specific" national structural conditions that may affect regional development. The second chapter discusses the results of an assessment of economic potential at the regional level and the factors that shape it in Russia. The third chapter focuses on the role of national and regional governance, policy, and institutions in promoting economic development of the regions. The final chapter proposes policy priorities for both regional and national authorities
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Water Papers
    Abstract: The report is an advocacy piece to raise awareness around the need to shift the typical way urban water has been managed and to share emerging principles and solutions that may improve urban water supply security in water scarce cities. It aims to promote successes, outline challenges and principles, and extract key lessons learned for future efforts. It builds on the experiences of over 20 water scarce cities and territories from five continents, which represent a diversity of situations and development levels. This report argues that WSS service providers, policy makers, and practitioners should look at their mandate and responsibilities in a new light, and seek to embrace integrated water resources management considerations. Drawing from successful experiences from around the world, it extracts several underlying management principles applied by effective utilities. The report then aims to demystify solutions to address urban water scarcity, comparing and contrasting related institutional, technological, economic and social aspects. It then concludes with cross-cutting considerations relevant to planners, water operators and policy makers of water scarce cities
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  • 39
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    Online Resource
    In:  day:14 | month:11 | year:2017 | pages:1-3 | Der Hautarzt
    ISSN: 1432-1173 , 1432-1173
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Der Hautarzt
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York : Springer, 1994-
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:14
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:11
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2017
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-3
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Tätowierung ; Epithelioma calcificans Malherbe ; Tumor ; Hautarzt ; Phlebologie ; Hautkrankheit ; Dermatologie ; (lcsh)Medicine. ; (lcsh)Immunology. ; (lcsh)Allergy. ; (lcsh)Dermatology. ; (lcsh)Proctology. ; Medicine & Public Health. ; Dermatology. ; Immunology. ; Allergology. ; Proctology.
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  • 40
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    Online Resource
    In:  volume:159 | number:4 | day:6 | month:3 | year:2017 | pages:28 | date:3.2017 | MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin
    ISSN: 1613-3560 , 1613-3560
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin : Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, 1999-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:159
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:4
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:6
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2017
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:28
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:3.2017
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Holle ; Märchen ; Abmagerungsdiät ; (lcsh)Medicine. ; (lcsh)General practice (Medicine). ; (lcsh)Internal medicine. ; Medicine & Public Health. ; General Practice / Family Medicine. ; Internal Medicine.
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  • 41
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    Online Resource
    In:  volume:69 | number:6 | day:1 | month:6 | year:2017 | pages:65 | date:6.2017 | Heilberufe
    ISSN: 1867-1535 , 1867-1535
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Heilberufe
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer Medizin, 2007-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:69
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:6
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:6
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2017
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:65
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:6.2017
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Bündnis ; Pflegeberuf ; Krankenpflege ; Medizinische Ausbildung ; Löhne ; (lcsh)Medicine. ; (lcsh)Nursing. ; Medicine & Public Health. ; Nursing.
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  • 42
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    In:  volume:33 | number:3 | day:16 | month:5 | year:2017 | pages:74 | date:5.2017 | Hautnah 〈München〉 / Dermatologie. Dermatologie
    ISSN: 2196-6451 , 2196-6451
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Hautnah 〈München〉 / Dermatologie. Dermatologie
    Publ. der Quelle: München : Urban & Vogel, 2003-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:33
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:16
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:5
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2017
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:74
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:5.2017
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Narbe ; Schmuck ; Initiation ; Endokrinologie ; (lcsh)Medicine. ; (lcsh)Allergy. ; (lcsh)Dermatology. ; (lcsh)Endocrinology. ; (lcsh)Vascular surgery. ; (lcsh)Phlebology. ; Medicine & Public Health. ; Dermatology. ; Vascular Surgery. ; Allergology. ; Phlebology. ; Endocrinology.
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  • 43
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    Online Resource
    In:  day:5 | month:12 | year:2017 | pages:1-18 | International journal of the classical tradition
    ISSN: 1874-6292 , 1874-6292
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: International journal of the classical tradition
    Publ. der Quelle: Dordrecht : Springer, 1994-
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:5
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2017
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-18
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Ethnische Gruppe ; (lcsh)Culture--Study and teaching. ; (lcsh)Ethnology. ; (lcsh)Arts. ; (lcsh)Cultural heritage. ; (lcsh)Philology. ; (lcsh)Linguistics. ; Cultural and Media Studies. ; Cultural Anthropology. ; Classical Studies. ; Language and Literature. ; Cultural Heritage. ; Arts.
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  • 44
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    Online Resource
    In:  day:17 | month:1 | year:2017 | pages:1-6 | Journal für ästhetische Chirurgie
    ISSN: 1867-4313 , 1867-4313
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Journal für ästhetische Chirurgie
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer, 2008-
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:17
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2017
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-6
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Hautkrankheit ; Dermatologie ; (lcsh)Medicine. ; (lcsh)Dermatology. ; (lcsh)Otorhinolaryngology. ; (lcsh)Otolaryngologic surgery. ; (lcsh)Surgery. ; (lcsh)Plastic surgery. ; Medicine & Public Health. ; Surgery. ; Head and Neck Surgery. ; Plastic Surgery. ; Otorhinolaryngology. ; Dermatology.
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  • 45
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    Online Resource
    In:  volume:22 | number:6-7 | day:6 | month:9 | year:2017 | pages:22-26 | date:9.2017 | ProCare
    ISSN: 1613-7574 , 1613-7574
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: ProCare
    Publ. der Quelle: Wien {[u.a.] : Springer, 2008-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:22
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:6-7
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:6
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:9
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2017
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:22-26
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:9.2017
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Tätowierung ; Körperschmuck ; Hautkrankheit ; Dermatologie ; (lcsh)Medicine. ; (lcsh)Nursing. ; Medicine & Public Health. ; Nursing.
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  • 46
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    Online Resource
    In:  day:16 | month:2 | year:2017 | pages:1-11 | Neophilologus
    ISSN: 1572-8668
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Neophilologus
    Publ. der Quelle: Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1916-
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:16
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2017
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-11
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: (lcsh)Linguistics. ; (lcsh)Comparative literature. ; (lcsh)Comparative linguistics. ; (lcsh)Historical linguistics. ; (lcsh)Philology. ; (lcsh)Syntax. ; Linguistics. ; Historical Linguistics. ; Comparative Linguistics. ; Philology. ; Comparative Literature. ; Syntax.
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  • 47
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    Online Resource
    In:  volume:4 | number:1 | day:28 | month:3 | year:2017 | pages:1-18 | date:12.2017 | Fashion and Textiles
    ISSN: 2198-0802
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Fashion and Textiles
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin ; Heidelberg [u.a.] : Springer Open, 2014-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:4
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:28
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2017
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-18
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:12.2017
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: (lcsh)Chemistry. ; (lcsh)Business. ; (lcsh)Management science. ; (lcsh)Textile industry. ; (lcsh)Life sciences. ; (lcsh)Environment. ; (lcsh)Materials science. ; Chemistry. ; Textile Engineering. ; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. ; Business and Management, general. ; Life Sciences, general. ; Environment, general.
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  • 48
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    Online Resource
    In:  volume:14 | number:8 | day:4 | month:8 | year:2017 | pages:1455-1472 | date:8.2017 | Journal of mountain science
    ISSN: 1993-0321
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of mountain science
    Publ. der Quelle: Beijing : Science Press, 2004-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:14
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:8
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:4
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:8
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2017
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1455-1472
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:8.2017
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: (lcsh)Earth sciences. ; (lcsh)Geography. ; (lcsh)Ecology. ; (lcsh)Environment. ; Earth Sciences. ; Earth Sciences, general. ; Geography, general. ; Environment, general. ; Ecology.
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  • 49
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    In:  volume:9 | number:6 | day:25 | month:3 | year:2017 | pages:1001-1004 | date:9.2017 | Archaeological and anthropological sciences
    ISSN: 1866-9565 , 1866-9565
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Archaeological and anthropological sciences
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer, 2009-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:9
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:6
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:25
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2017
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1001-1004
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:9.2017
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: (lcsh)Earth sciences. ; (lcsh)Chemistry. ; (lcsh)Geography. ; (lcsh)Life sciences. ; (lcsh)Anthropology. ; (lcsh)Archaeology. ; Earth Sciences. ; Earth Sciences, general. ; Archaeology. ; Chemistry/Food Science, general. ; Geography, general. ; Life Sciences, general. ; Anthropology.
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  • 50
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    In:  volume:91 | number:2 | day:8 | month:6 | year:2017 | pages:126-151 | date:6.2017 | Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte
    ISSN: 2365-9521
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte
    Publ. der Quelle: Stuttgart ; Weimar : Metzler, 1923-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:91
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:8
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:6
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2017
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:126-151
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:6.2017
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: (lcsh)Literature. ; Literature. ; Literature, general.
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  • 51
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    Online Resource
    In:  day:14 | month:4 | year:2017 | pages:1-24 | Journal of archaeological method and theory
    ISSN: 1573-7764
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource.
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of archaeological method and theory
    Publ. der Quelle: Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1994-
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:14
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:4
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2017
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-24
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: (lcsh)Social sciences. ; (lcsh)Anthropology. ; (lcsh)Archaeology. ; Social Sciences. ; Archaeology. ; Anthropology.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: South Asia Economic Focus
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: For eight consecutive quarters South Asia was the fastest-growing region in the world but not anymore. Despite benign global conditions, regional growth has slowed down. This trend is the result of a deceleration in India, the region's powerhouse. Short-term disruptions related to the introduction of the landmark Goods and Services Tax can explain the steep decline observed in the last quarter, but the deceleration has been going on for more than one year. Over this period imports increased sharply while private investment declined. Behind these trends lies a combination of large public sector borrowing (especially by the states), relatively sticky interest rates despite decreasing inflation, and an increasingly stressed financial sector. While growth has slightly accelerated elsewhere in the region, concerns remain. Bangladesh has seen an increase in financial sector risks and in Pakistan macroeconomic discipline has weakened. At 6.7 percent, growth is projected to remain strong in South Asia in 2017, albeit slightly lower than forecast in June. The growth rate is expected to stabilize around 7 percent over the medium term. Consumption should remain strong and private investment should regain momentum thanks to ongoing support from infrastructure development and economic reforms. Measuring GDP is especially challenging in developing countries, where the informal sector is large and institutional constraints can be severe. As a result, GDP growth estimates are often met with skepticism. But new technologies offer an opportunity to improve matters. Luminosity observed from satellites has been shown to be a good proxy for economic activity, and methodologies have been developed in recent years to predict GDP over time and across space based on nightlight intensity. In South Asia's case, GDP predicted using these methodologies closely tracks National Accounts GDP at the aggregate level, and provides a granular picture of GDP at subnational levels. Nightlight intensity also yields new insights on recent economic developments
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The economic outlook for the developing EAP region remains positive, and will benefit from an improved external environment as well as strong domestic demand. The growth of regional GDP excluding China is forecast to accelerate in 2018, while China's GDP growth is expected to decline in 2018 and 2019, although remain higher than most countries in the region. Poverty is projected to continue its long-term decline. Major downside risks include financial sector vulnerabilities, large fiscal imbalances, and the possible escalation of geopolitical tensions. The improved outlook for global growth provides a window of opportunity for developing EAP to continue to reduce key vulnerabilities and strengthen the foundations for sustained and inclusive growth in the medium term. The region could also benefit from further developing tourism sectors and deepening of regional integration, to offset the emerging global protectionism. And policies to ensure inclusive growth should involve ensuring economic mobility and security for all, going beyond the primary focus on reducing poverty
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Enterprise Surveys
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Enterprise Surveys (ES) focus on many aspects of the business environment. These factors can be accommodating or constraining for firms and play an important role in whether an economy's private sector will thrive or not. An accommodating business environment is one that encourages firms to operate efficiently. Such conditions strengthen incentives for firms to innovate and to increase productivity - key factors for sustainable development. A more productive private sector, in turn, expands employment and contributes taxes necessary for public investment in health, education, and other services. The topics include infrastructure, trade, finance, regulations, taxes and business licensing, corruption, crime and informality, access to finance, innovation, labor, and perceptions about obstacles to doing business.The surveys are administered to a representative sample of firms in the non-agricultural, formal, private economy. The ES are repeated approximately every four years for a particular economy (or region). By tracking changes in the business environment, policymakers and researchers can look at the effects of policy and regulatory reforms on firm performance.Repeated surveys aid in studying the evolution of the business environment and how it affects the dynamics of the private sector.This document summarizes the results of the Enterprise Survey for Niger. Business owners and top managers in 151 firms were interviewed between April and June 2017
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  • 55
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Forests have been receiving increased attention over the past few years, particularly through international climate change negotiations and efforts to develop a mechanism for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. In many forest-rich countries, the implementation of the recently declared COP21 INDC1 targets builds significantly on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions and emission avoidance related to forests. Most of these countries will require considerable new investments in forestry that can be realized only through an increased level of financing over the next few years. Given the scale of the financing requirements, prevailing macroeconomic conditions, and fiscal constraints, it is unlikely that these countries will be able to fund these programs alone
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Rural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In recent years, the prospects of Kenya's tourism industry have been clouded by a perfect storm of misfortunes - insecurity, growing global competition, and unsustainable tourism development. It is in this context that the potential and actual contribution of the tourism sector to the country's development has been questioned, with claims that tourism contributes less to the Kenyan economy than commonly thought. This report is arranged as follows: Chapter 1 identifies linkages with sectors that provide inputs into tourism as well as sectors that benefit from the boost in demand generated by the industry (termed the backward and forward linkages respectively). The results in Chapter 2 indicate that the effects on the economy depend on the cross-sectoral linkages. Hence, impacts on the economy differ depending on whether they emanate from changes in foreign tourist arrivals, changes in domestic tourist demand, oil price shocks, or foreign exchange shocks. Chapter 3 attempts to explore how long-term growth and poverty rates are affected with investments in the different segments of the tourism industry. Finally, recognizing that growth in the sector is dependent upon sustainable resource use, Chapter 4 contributes to the analysis of alternative policy strategies by investigating policies for the allocation of water. This is a highly relevant, though much neglected issue as Kenya is amongst the most water scarce countries in Africa and also has a highly water intensive economy (when measured in per capita availability, Kenya is more water scarce than land, and projections suggest the former will get worse faster). The Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model is also used to examine the growth consequences of reallocating water from the highly water-dependent tourism industry to other sectors of the economy
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The objective of this report is to provide an empirical basis for more inclusive and equitable service delivery in the water and sanitation sector in Indonesia. Although the GoI has established a program and strategy for achieving universal access to water supply and sanitation and zero slums (the 100-0-100 program, which aims for 100 percent access to water supply, zero urban slums, and 100 percent access to sanitation), these targets will be achieved through different service level sub-targets. For water supply, the target is for 40 percent of the population to have access to piped water and 60 percent to non-piped (in urban areas, 60 percent piped and 40 percent non-piped), whereas for sanitation, universal access is defined as 15 percent of the population having access to basic sanitation (a toilet that ensures hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact), 12.5 percent to centralized and decentralized sewerage systems, and 72.5 percent to on-site sanitation with improved fecal waste management. A poor-inclusive approach to universal access-one that improves the ability of and opportunity for the poor and vulnerable to benefit from water and sanitation services-can help to ensure that Indonesia not only achieves its service delivery targets, but that water supply and sanitation become key drivers of a reduction in inequality, enhanced health and well-being, and economic growth and prosperity. Policy recommendations are prioritized based on their expected impact on these development goals, and the strength of the evidence base for the solution proposed
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program Papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Madagascar has enormous energy resources, particularly renewable ones (hydraulic, solar, wind, biomass), but national energy consumption is still very low, and is dominated by wood energy and its by-products. Madagascar imports all of its petrol products, and energy costs are too high to effectively contribute to social and economic development of the country. ESMAP (Energy Sector Management Assistance Program) is a technical assistance program managed by the World Bank and supported by eleven bilateral donors. ESMAP launched in January 2013 as an initiative to support the efforts of countries to improve knowledge of their renewable energy resources (REN), to establish appropriate institutional frameworks for the development of REN, and to provide free access to geospatial resources and data. This initiative will also support the IRENA-GlobalAtlas program by improving data availability and quality, through an interactive atlas. This study is part of a technical assistance project funded by ESMAP and implemented by the World Bank in Madagascar , which aims to support mapping resources and geospatial planning for small hydropower. It is conducted in close coordination with the Ministry of Energy, the Electricity Regulation Office (ERO), Development Agency of Rural Electrification (DARE) and Jiro sy Rano Malagasy (JIRAMA)
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: City Development Strategy
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Uganda is urbanizing rapidly. If not proactively managed, Uganda will miss a major opportunity for structural transformation. The purpose of this report is to provide Ugandan policymakers with economic analyses on the role of Greater Kampala in achieving Uganda's economic goals outlined in Vision 2040 and the actions needed to unlock the city's economic potential. This report drills down into the case of Greater Kampala and outlines the metropolitan's main challenges to promoting economic development and recommending areas for government action. Following the introductory section, Section 2 profiles Greater Kampala's economic strengths and weaknesses as well as outlines the vital role it plays in Uganda's economy. The section will show that Greater Kampala is not generating enough jobs in the value-added sectors, like manufacturing, for sustained economic development and concludes by identifying promising sectors which have the greatest potential to create productive jobs. This report then argues that there are three focus areas which are crucial to Greater Kampala's future economic development: i) Built environment and; ii) Business constraints affecting the tradable sector. Section 2 evaluates Greater Kampala's built environment, assessing the city's urban form and infrastructure and how they impact on firm competitiveness. This section concludes with practical suggestions for the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area stakeholders and identifies opportunities to better manage Greater Kampala's urbanization. Section 3 addresses the business constraints which Kampala's formal firms face. This section discusses how governments can best engage businesses to address barriers to firm growth including access to finance, taxation and skills. The report concludes by outlining all recommendations in a sequenced plan
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Somalia is emerging from 25 years of political instability and economic difficulty but hard data islacking for evidence-based planning. The civil war and ongoing conflict that started in 1991 fragmented the country, undermined political institutions, and created widespread vulnerability. The conflict has eroded the statistical infrastructure and capacity, leaving policy makers and donors to operate in a statistical vacuum due to the lack of reliable data. In the absence of representative household surveys not much was known about poverty. The lack of information poses a threat to the design and implementation of policies and programs needed to support economic resilience and development as well as assistance in the event of shocks
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Georgia has an impressive record of reforms and is on a steady track of poverty reduction, butensuring that of its all citizens can equally benefit from and contribute to its development remains a challenge. This study focuses on one particular aspect of Georgia's path to inclusive growth: social inclusion. It uses the concepts of social inclusion and exclusion to help understand why some members of society may be consistently left behind from the development process, and to provide insights into policies that can have a transformational impact on the situation of systematically disadvantaged groups and individuals. Social exclusion implies that certain members of society, due to their social or cultural identity, may face complex barriers and, due to them, have persistently lower outcomes e.g., access to quality education, health, employment, and income relative to the rest of society, thus not achieving their full potential
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Development Policy Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Pacific Possible is a program of research and dialogue focusing on long term economic growth perspectives of Pacific Island Countries. It analyzes the major transformational economic opportunities and challenges which include tourism, labor mobility, ICT, oceanic tuna fisheries, deep sea minerals, climate change and natural disasters, and non-communicable diseases. This report summarizes and synthesizes research undertaken on these topics. Detailed background papers on these topics are also available as part of the Pacific Possible series
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The third edition of the Mozambique Economic Update comes at a time when the economy is beginning to show some signs of recovery in 2017. But as extractives and other large industries drive the recent developments, whilst small and medium enterprises lag behind, Mozambique is increasingly showing the signs of being "A two-speed economy". Reestablishing macroeconomic stability through a more balanced mix of fiscal and monetary policy is a priority for private sector growth. Slowly easing inflation and lower credit levels suggest that the monetary policy cycle could begin to loosen as the economy continues to adjust. However, making this transition smoothly will require a sharper fiscal policy response to restore the health of Mozambique's public finances
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: A broad-based recovery in global economic activity has been taking hold since late 2016. Industrial production has picked up and global trade accelerated after two years of pronounced weakness. A gradual recovery in commodity prices diminished growth constraints among commodity exporters, including major emerging economies. Despite heightened policy uncertainty, growth in major advanced economies, including the United States, the European Union, and Japan, has strengthened, reflecting buoyant domestic demand and rising exports. Growth in developing East Asia and Pacific (EAP) continues to be resilient as already robust domestic demand was supported by a pickup in external demand and a gradual recovery in commodity prices. After a large surplus in 2016, Vietnam's external current account balance started to decline in early 2017. Robust growth in exports, tourism receipts, and private remittances led to a current account surplus of about 4 percent of GDP in 2016, marking the sixth consecutive year of a widening current account surplus. The financial account also saw large net inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) and long-term loans, allowing the State Bank of Vietnam to gradually rebuild foreign reserves. The current account surplus started to decline in early 2017 due to a recovery in import growth. Bolstered by a strong external position, the nominal exchange rate has been relatively stable but the real exchange rate continues to appreciate. The reference rate was devalued modestly by 1.23 percent in 2016 and around 1.3 percent year-to-date in 2017. Meanwhile, the real effective exchange rate continued to appreciate by about 5 percent in 2016 and 24 percent since 2010. Real exchange rate appreciation is driven by a large external surplus of the FDI sector, but is a concern for Vietnam's domestic private enterprises, which continue to face significant external imbalance and competitiveness challenges. This special focus issue is part of two-part series on fiscal reforms. While this installment of the taking stock special topic is focused on specific revenue and debt management options to underpin more sustainable and efficient fiscal management, the December issue will focus on expenditure restructuring
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Procurement Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Montenegro is currently in the process of modernizing and restructuring its public procurement system, not only with a view to bringing its procurement system in line with international best practices and complete its accession requirements to enter the EU, but also to constructing more efficient and competitive public procurement, that will enable optimization of results. In order to guarantee that significant improvements are built into the procurement system, the Government of Montenegro has taken several steps to tackle its shortcomings, namely by devising strategies for the development of the procurement system along with action plans that establish specific measures and goals and respective timeframes for completion and tracking the implementation of such measures. The assessments conducted by external entities to the Government of Montenegro have shown that such strategies have been productive in addressing issues in the public procurement system of Montenegro and showcase a steady evolution towards better procurement practices. The analyses introduced by this methodology will most definitely concentrate on performance compliance indicators. These will allow for a more quantitative-based approach to monitoring of the public procurement practices in Montenegro, introducing a less formal concept of monitoring, which is currently restricted to legal and regulatory compliance and emphasizes formal and administrative aspects of procurement. Analyzing and improving the system of procurement is entirely dependent on data available and the analysis of the data for gathering business intelligence and increase productivity of all entities in the system. To this end, guidelines and key performance indicators (KPIs) on how to improve the monitoring, auditing and reporting mechanisms will be introduced. This analysis will also include the benchmarking of the 2015 annual report by the PPA, where monitoring will be assessed in terms of compliance with proposed targets and changes verified up to this point
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Education Sector Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The World Bank is re-engaging in the education sector in Burundi at a time when the country has launched a major reform of its school education system, including the lengthening of the compulsory basic education cycle to 9 years in line with the Sustainable Development Goals. Due to the withdrawal of many donors from the education sector, after the events of 2015, as well as the general fiscal and economic contraction, the gains achieved in the last decade, especially in primary education, might be rapidly eroded. Consequently, a stock-taking exercise was undertaken by the Bank, focusing on four areas identified at the time of the concept note review. This summary report is based on the four pieces of analytical work and is intended to help the World Bank engage with all stakeholders in order to consolidate the recent gains and move the reform forward. In the next fiscal year, the findings from these studies will be used to engage in a broader dialogue and consensus building with the key stakeholders
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: General Economy, Macroeconomics, and Growth Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report adds value because its inclusive approach of engaging with a broad-based group of stakeholders at the time of both analysis and engagement has served a means of building support for needed reforms. The goal was to generate ownership among Mindanawons through consultations which were guided by mostly local technical experts. For the analysis, the World Bank partnered with leading universities, think tanks, experts, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Some 90 percent of the extended team came from within Mindanao, and they contributed more than 40 background papers. The study's inclusive approach was to listen intently to government, business, labor, civil society, and vulnerable groups who are often left out in the engagement process, such as indigenous people, Moro women, out-of-school youth, combatants, and internally displaced people. From January 2015 to June 2016, some 1,500 stakeholders were consulted. Finally, 10 eminent individuals with government, business, labor, and civil society experience provided strategic advice to the report team. Finally, building on the dialogue with the Philippine government and stakeholders in Mindanao, this report proposes a strategy for regional development in Mindanao. The three main components are to (1) raise agricultural productivity and improve farm-to-market connectivity; (2) boost human development; and (3) address drivers of conflict and fragility and strengthen institutions in ARMM and conflict-affected areas. The World Bank engagement for Mindanao will be based on this strategy. Policy recommendations are made in four separate categories: (1) increasing agricultural productivity by improving extension and irrigation services, along with price reforms to realize Mindanao's agriculture potential; (2) building up logistics and transport connectivity by improving road networks and the efficiency of shipping services to reduce trade costs; (3) improving the supply of reliable power and the speed, affordability ,and quality of information and communications technology (ICT) services by fostering competition; and (4) supporting private investment by addressing the growing skills gap, the high regulatory burden for businesses, and by improving financial inclusion and the governance of land. A separate section considers economic policy measures to support the resolution of Mindanao's longstanding violent conflicts
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The study analyzes the SE landscape and related ecosystem of seven SAARC countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The scope of this study is limited to three sectors that are significant for SEs: (a) Agri-business, (b) Healthcare and (c) Renewable Energy. The study covers mapping and evaluation of organized SE activity (government recognized legal structure) within each sector. The selection of the basic services was done based on priorities of WB Systematic Country Diagnostics and various multi-stakeholders consutations.This report attempts to bridge the information gap for the SE ecosystem in the SAARC region excluding India. While analyzing the SE landscape and ecosystem in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries, this report aims to provide insights to various stakeholders to design initiatives for deeper assessment of the priority sectors and segments for promoting social entrepreneurship across these countries
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The strong economic growth enjoyed by the Dominican Republic following its 2003 domestic crisis was not matched by similarly substantial progress in poverty reduction. While labor productivity grew by an estimated 39 percent between 2000 and 2013, real wages fell with the crisis in 2003/04, and, in 2013, remained below their pre-crisis level. This report presents an assessment of factors related to the functioning of the labor markets that constrained more inclusive growth in the Dominican Republic. It explores several hypotheses related to labor supply factors, job creation, and global trends in returns to labor, as well as issues with statistical measurements that contribute to explain the weak relationship observed between growth and poverty reduction. The analysis finds that growth appears to have been driven by productivity increases rather than by increases in labor inputs. At the same time, low-skilled workers became increasingly concentrated in low-quality jobs and in sectors that saw low productivity growth, a trend enhanced by the loss of manufacturing jobs since 2000. Low rates of labor force participation, particularly among the poor, further limited the ability of households to benefit from growth
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Good jobs are in short supply in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Sustainable, better employment opportunities must come from higher labor demand from a dynamic and internationally competitive private sector, the result of an advanced economic transition from a state controlled to a market led economy. This note focuses on job creation from the perspective of enterprise sector dynamics in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. The purpose is to understand, better, the dynamics of job creation, where and how firms and jobs are created, and the most important constraints to job creation from the firm perspective. Drawing on several sources of data, including firm registry, data on entrepreneurship, labor force surveys, and policy indicators, the note contributes to the job diagnostics necessary to devise relevant policy to increase job opportunities in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and is intended to provide guidance to researchers and policymakers in other countries wishing to understand better the role of the private sector in employment. Despite some significant business climate reforms, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia has not seen private sector dynamics or 'entrepreneurship' improve sufficiently. In sum, the transition of workers and jobs from low productivity sectors to higher productivity sectors has stalled in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Prior to the economic crisis, countries which had advanced more in the transition process saw higher productivity growth than the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, more inflows of workers into the services sector, and substantive net job creation. In the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, in contrast, labor reallocation is still incomplete. One fifth of the population remains in low productivity agriculture and one third is informally employed. Between 2007 and 2011 the formal private sector created only 12 percent of all new jobs
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report seeks to further the body of disaster risk management (DRM) knowledge in Santa Catarina by identifying flood asset exposure risks and consequently empower the state government and its institutions to include DRM practices and information in their daily operations and decision-making processes, respectively. In this context, a novel study was jointly designed and developed by the World Bank and Santa Catarina's state government with the ultimate aim to produce a state-level Catastrophe (CAT) model. The novelty and depth of the study allowed the team to draw a number of potential policy implications and possible decision making to improve the state's resilience to natural disasters. To the best of the team's knowledge, this is a first-of-its-kind study in Brazil and has potential direct applications to a wide body of professions and institutions in Santa Catarina. Finally, the proposed methodological approach was heavily based on the national census as well as on commonly accessible hydro-meteorological data and topographic information to ensure replicability in other Brazilian states or municipalities
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: A strong legal framework that forms the basis for the activities of debt managers is crucial for enabling an effective public debt management function. This paper aims to complement discussions on the legal foundations of debt management by detecting and discussing essential elements that allow the government to issue sukuk, the equivalent of bonds, in Islamic finance. Drawing on the cases of recent sovereign issuers, these discussions begin with outlining the clear provision of a mandate to issue and to employ certain public assets in the execution of underlying transactions, as well to establish, engage with, and administer Special Purpose Vehicles used in structuring these issuances. Additional aspects that need to be addressed are the treatment of proceeds and the assurance of investors with regards to debt service. The enabling environment should be complemented by changes in the taxation regime and financial market regulations that facilitate the issuances
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The authorities have actively pursued restoring credibility in the financial system following the collapse of the system's fourth largest bank in 2014. To restore credibility, the authorities - in addition to requesting a Basel Core Principles (BCP) assessment in 2015 and this financial sector assessment program (FSAP) - conducted an asset quality review (AQR) for banks and balance sheet review for non-banks, initiated reforms to Bulgarian National Bank (BNB) supervision and introduced a new bank resolution function. It is important that the authorities continue in their efforts to strengthen the banking sector. The FSAP stress test showed more pronounced effects, though broadly in line with that of the authorities, reflecting differences in approaches. While the financial safety net and crisis management arrangements are based on sound foundations, further effort is needed to fully develop the financial safety net's components. This includes strengthening the early intervention framework, and defining joint BNB - Ministry of Finance (MoF) strategies for liquidity assistance. A more targeted strategy is needed to address high nonperforming loans (NPLs), which can help reinvigorate the economy. A number of reforms are necessary to support the prudent development of the pension and insurance sector
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Iran Economic Monitor provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the past six months. It examines these economic developments and policies in a longer-term and global context, and assesses their implications for the outlook for the country. Its coverage has ranged from the macroeconomy to financial markets to indicators of human welfare and development. It is intended for a wide audience, including policy makers, business leaders, financial market participants, and the community of analysts and professionals engaged in Iran
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) sets out the World Bank Group's (WBG) strategy in Madagascar for the period of FY17-FY21. As the country has emerged from a political crisis, the CPF supports the Government's goal of generating a higher, inclusive and sustainable growth path to reduce poverty, as presented in its 2015-2019 National Development Plan (NDP). The expanded resources and the larger range of instruments available under IDA18 enable the WBG to support the Government in putting the country on a higher development trajectory, by investing at scale in a few areas that could unlock Madagascar's development. Success in achieving ambitious goals, such as doubling the rate of electricity access, will hinge on the authorities' ability to sustain reforms while addressing some of the causes of the country's cyclical instability. The program proposed under this CPF seeks to increase the resilience of the most vulnerable people and to promote inclusive growth, while strengthening national and local institutions so as to reduce fragility. Risks to achieving those objectives continue to be substantial and will require the WBG to adopt a flexible approach. First, the nascent rebound in economic growth has not yet been felt by a large majority of the population. The depth of poverty is also such that extreme climate events could quickly reverse the small gains achieved since 2014 and fuel social tensions. Second, presidential elections are expected to take place in late 2018. They could generate a slowdown in the adoption of reforms and lead to a rise in political tensions. Recent crises have occurred around elections and thus the possibility of another crisis cannot be excluded. Finally, it remains to be seen if the Government will be able to address the roots of the country's fragility and change the bargain between the elites and the rest of the population, including by creating a more level playing field for the private sector. These risks will require the WBG to monitor closely the country context and be ready to adapt its approach throughout the CPF period
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Europe and Central Asia Economic Update
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Trade played a pivotal role during the transition of many. countries in Europe and Central Asia to market economies. It forced a more efficient use of resourced and supported adoption of new technologies. Going forward, trade will again be crucial as countries adjust to new specialization patterns in the world. The adjustment requires not merely tweaking of trade policies, but rather a rethinking of how labor markets and capital markets are organized
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Zimbabwe's economy grew by 0.7 percent in 2016 despite the combined effect of the El Nino drought and domestic financial turmoil. The drought reduced agricultural output and increased food prices towards the end of the year, despite the government's efforts to boost production and stabilize prices. The public provision of agricultural inputs, the creation of food-for-work programs, and the establishment of price supports for staple foods accentuated the government's expansionary fiscal-policy stance. Meanwhile, the government also increased spending on a cash basis to clear domestic arrears. The authorities financed much of the widening fiscal deficit by issuing Treasury bills purchased by commercial banks and a US
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Accounting and Auditing Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Since launching fundamental political and economic reforms in 2011, Myanmar has been undergoing a major transformation aimed at increasing openness, empowerment and inclusion. The economic transition has witnessed an acceleration in growth, buoyed by improved macroeconomic management, increased gas production and exports, and stronger performance in the non-gas sectors as the economy opened up. Medium-term economic growth is projected to average 7.1 percent per year. The new Government's economic objectives envisage Myanmar's economy becoming more competitive and with the ability to attract increased foreign direct investment. The objectives include the development of an integrated capital market and a modern financial sector. A fundamental foundation for any market-based economy is high quality financial reporting and auditing practices. This plays a vital role in promoting improved transparency and accountability thereby ensuring a level playing field and promoting investor confidence. The Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) are a joint World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) initiative that helps member countries strengthen their financial systems by improving compliance with internationally recognized standards and codes. The ROSC was developed in the wake of the financial crisis of the late 1990s as part of a series of measures to strengthen the international financial architecture. The global financial community believed the implementation of internationally recognized standards and codes will provide a framework to strengthen domestic institutions, identify potential vulnerabilities, and improve transparency
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  • 79
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This policy note discusses promoting inclusive growth by creating opportunities for the urban poor and is part of a broader Philippines urbanization study. Inclusive urbanization requires an integrated multi-dimensional approach that addresses three key dimensions of inclusion - economic, spatial, and social. The three dimensions of inclusion are interrelated and mutually reinforcing. Currently cities fail to keep pace with the rapid urbanization in the Philippines and multi-dimensional poverty in urban areas is deepening and widening. With in-migration from rural areas to urban centers came surges in demand for jobs, housing, infrastructure and basic services in major cities. Yet, the Government has been unable to address the increased demand given the accelerated pace. The result has been proliferation of informal settlers in urban areas without adequate access to decent living conditions. Addressing urban poverty and inequality remains an important challenge for the Philippines and will require a holistic approach that integrates all dimensions of inclusive urbanization
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This policy note assesses the performance of existing land administration and management (LAM) system in the Philippines in creating an environment for competitive cities. It looks at the influence of LAM (including property rights) in the proper functioning of land markets in urban areas; the effectiveness of land use planning and regulations in shaping urban growth, reducing informality, and improving efficiency in use of space; and the impacts of property valuation and taxation practices in generating revenues to finance local development plans. LAM systems are a fundamental infrastructure for proper functioning of land markets. Well-functioning land markets facilitate investments and growth, improve land allocation, and develop financial markets. For land markets to work efficiently, they must be underpinned by land administration systems that define property rights; guarantee security of tenure; establish a mechanism for registering these rights within reasonable time and costs, and generate information to support property valuation and taxation. Well-defined property rights underpin security of transactions and investments in well-functioning land markets, as these reduce conflicts, decrease transaction costs, and provide incentives for the private sector to invest. Property valuation facilitates efficient disposal and proper compensation of land, equitable land and property taxation, and proper valuation of land as collateral assets. In addition, LAM systems are essential in land use planning that shapes urban growth, improves efficiencies in use and allocation of limited space, and in turn, enhances the performance of land markets. In metropolitan areas, coordinated land use planning is essential to achieve efficiency in service provision, enable connectivity and maximize the potential of agglomeration for city competitiveness. Effective land use planning enables timely provision of investments to influence the shape and pattern of land development. Well-functioning land market and efficient land use are important in creating sustainable and competitive cities
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Three key characteristics help shed light on Chile's development performance. First, strong institutions and sound macroeconomic policies have contributed to long-term economic growth. Second, market-oriented policies have boosted growth through productivity-enhancing reforms and helped improve the design of public services and social policy. Third, as the world's biggest copper producer and exporter, Chile is characterized by commodity dependence. These characteristics have helped the government achieve an average annual growth rate of almost 5 percent over the last 30 years, while reducing the poverty rate to less than 8 percent. Chile's middle class is one of the largest in Latin America; yet, inequality remains substantial. Economic development has led to a steep increase in life expectancy and a decline in fertility rates. Indeed, though relatively less than other countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Chile is advanced in the demographic transition, which pose important challenges to economic growth and labor productivity
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: There is a wealth of scientific reports that records the actual climatic changes that have been taking place during recent years. While there is debate over the causes of climate change, the rate at which this phenomenon is increasing is overwhelming - with the evidence indicating that the changes in our environment will impact large parts of the globe. The Transport and ICT Global Practice (T and I) provides clients with physical and virtual connectivity solutions, to facilitate the movement of people, goods and information, thus enabling access to food, jobs, health and education services, and stimulating economic and social development. This report highlights some challenges to the research and academic fraternity in understanding climatic impacts on road networks better, developing more resilient technologies and, most importantly, developing a better understanding to quantify the impact or benefits of climate adaptation strategies. The main conclusion of this report is that asset management, when undertaken according to best practice, is already one of the most significant climate adaptation strategies. With minor adaption to existing asset management processes and techniques, a far greater return may be gained from investment to allow for changing demands on road infrastructure, both from a changing climate and from an ever-changing population. For more information, visit http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/transport
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report examines the economic and development consequences of antimicrobial resistance(AMR)-the capacity that disease-causing microorganisms acquire to resist the drugs we've createdto fight them. The report uses World Bank Group economic simulation tools to put a price tag onAMR's destructive impacts on the global economy from 2017 through 2050, if adequate measuresaren't taken to contain the AMR threat. The report highlights actions low- and middle-income countries and their development partners can take to counter AMR, and estimates the investment required. It shows that putting resources into AMR containment now is one of the highest-yield investments countries can make. Antimicrobials are drugs that destroy disease-causing microbes, also called pathogens, such as certain bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. The most familiar and important antimicrobials are antibiotics, which treat bacterial infections. Other antimicrobials combat viral and parasitic diseases, such as AIDS and malaria. Since their use began some 70 years ago, antimicrobials have saved hundreds of millions of lives
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  • 84
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report summarizes the challenges facing Armenian women at school and in the workplace with a special focus on STEM-related employment. As the world transitions to an increasingly digital economy, jobs in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) will become a powerful driver of economic growth in the twenty-first century. Changes in economic productivity brought through technological innovation require countries to focus on STEM; these high-productivity fields are increasingly in demand in the global economy, and are the key to competitiveness and gross domestic product (GDP) growth.Parity between men and women was one of the major achievements of socialist regimes in Eastern Europe and Central Cultural stereotypes about the types of work women should engage in and their responsibilities at home present the strongest barrier to equality between women and men in Armenia Asia. Although access, enrolment, and achievement rates are gender-equal in Armenia, women and girls tend to self-select out of STEM education tracks and career fields. At the level of education institutions, policy actions can address issues of access, information, biases, and system-wide changes to promote gender neutrality. In the short term, schools can engage teachers and students in discussions about the benefits of STEM fields of study and careers, encourage girls to embrace their interest in math and science, and provide positive role models of women who work in STEM careers. Policy action can help women make the school-to-work transition and promote their career advancement once they are working. At a national level, policy and regulatory actions can address systemic issues of bias, market failure, and information. Even at this level, some quick wins are feasible. The government may consider whether public information campaigns are needed to promote positive aspects of STEM careers to students in middle school and above, such as greater income, flexibility, and status, as well as launch a media campaign to promote and celebrate positive female role models in STEM. STEM sectors are an important source of growth for Armenia given the country's geography and closed borders. Also, considering Armenia's adverse demographic trends, lifting women's participation in key growth potential sectors, including STEM, is increasingly critical
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Stunting is a widespread and persistent condition in Indonesia with more than one-third of young children being stunted. The national stunting rate for under five-year-olds increased slightly from 3.8 percent in 2007 to 37.2 percent in 2013, based on official stunting rates reported by the Ministry of Health of the Government of Indonesia. During the same time period, the percentage of population in poverty reduced from 16. Percent to 11.4 percent (World Bank), suggesting that the increased purchasing power did not translate to better nutritional outcomes for children
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Gender Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Despite economic progress over the last decade, disparities between women and men remain salient in Armenia, especially in dimensions that are powerfully influenced by social norms. In domains like education and health, gender equality in outcomes in Armenia are broadly comparable with those in Europe and Central Asia and better than those of lower-middle-income countries globally. However, barriers to women's access to economic opportunities persist and gender inequalities are manifest in demographic imbalances, and under-representation in leadership roles. Concerted policy efforts are required to close gender gaps that hamper growth of the overall economy
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The first chapter of the ...
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Abstract: This Public Expenditure Review (PER) was prepared at the request of Peru's Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF).The PER offers analysis, options for reform, and measures in selected areas and sectors to achieve efficiency gains and fiscal savings (where possible), while improving (at least not harming) equity. In the context of less favorable external environment, public finance is one of the critical issues that has come to the fore. The gradual fiscal consolidation process initiated offers a unique opportunity to carry out important fiscal and sectoral reforms. Preserve the hard-won gains of sound fiscal policy. This report consists of two parts; Part I focuses on the cross-cutting issues and challenges. The macro-fiscal chapter examines revenue and expenditure trends, provides a fiscal sustainability analysis and an assessment of contingent liabilities. It discusses relevant crosscutting fiscal issues, expenditure rigidities, revenue challenges, and areas to improve the multiannual macroeconomic framework (MMF). The public procurement chapter evaluates procurement practices applied by all government bodies in the budget. It uses the strategic sourcing methodology and data from Peru's procurement platform which for the purposes of this analysis has been merged with the budget accounting system (SEAF). It identifies significant fiscal savings and efficiency gains, many of which are relatively easy to achieve. Part II identifies areas for efficiency gains and potential fiscal savings in five selected sectors. These sectors include water and sanitation, health, education, citizen security, and transport. They account for a significant share of the budget and represent a substantial share of public service delivery. These chapters provide several approaches and perspectives in looking at technical and allocative efficiency. The PER identifies at least 1.4 percent of GDP in fiscal savings that arise from efficiency reforms and measures across the areas examined
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Philippines Economic ...
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  • 90
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In September 2015, the 2030 agenda for sustainable development was adopted by member states of the United Nations (UN) at an historic UN summit. Sustainable consumption and production (SCP), as specifically reflected by SD goal (SDG) 12, is among the most important SDGs in the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. The Government of Turkey (GoT) is dedicated to taking action for the successful implementation of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development, it welcomes the universal and integrated nature of SDGs. The World Bank (WB) and other Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) are committed to helping national governments integrate their development agendas with the SDGs and supporting the design and use of economic instruments to ensure their effective implementation. The purpose of this report is to review Turkey's on-going efforts as well as international experience in implementing economic instruments to support SCP as specified in SDG 12, analyze the gaps, and discuss areas where Turkey may better adopt economic instruments and other incentive policies for promoting SCP in the new national development plan (NDP). The study contains six chapters. Chapter one gives introduction. Chapter two provides an overview of Turkey's involvement in the global sustainable development agenda, a summary of SDG12 and key themes of SCP. Chapter three introduces the conceptual framework on green financing, and summarizes international experience on the use of economic instruments with a focus on SCP. Chapter four explores the Turkish context of economic instruments to support SCP and reviews existing economic policies and instruments. Areas for improvement and recommendations are presented in chapter five. Chapter six provides concluding remarks
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The objective of the Comoros public expenditure and fiscal management review is to assist the Government of Comoros in strengthening the basis for the management of its public expenditure program. The review takes stock of expenditure trends and the systems governing public spending, with an emphasis on strengthening fiscal sustainability, budget credibility and strengthening fiscal management in the electricity and service delivery sectors
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report develops innovative bond structures that respond to challenges currently limiting the financing of forest-based NDC activities, with the intention to catalyze significant increases in financing flows. The report sets out a detailed shortlist of three potential enhanced bond structures, which have the potential to catalyze funding across the gamut of forest-based nationally determined contribution (NDC) activities. The focus is on bond structures that blend donor-funded performance-based payments (PBP) alongside some upfront grant funding to improve the financial performance of the use of proceeds for issuers, and hence enable larger-scale financing from capital markets
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Urban Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Bulgaria's housing sector provides a window into the broader issues of the country's social, and economic transformation. This process has been difficult, and, as was the case in many transition countries, one of the main problem areas has been the housing sector. While the government has played an active role in reforming the housing sector since 2004, and continued with initiatives to improve energy efficiency in residential buildings, new sectoral problems have emerged. Vacancy rates are extremely high, affordability concerns have intensified, and household mobility is one of the lowest among transition countries. As a result, the government is about to embark on a housing strategy, one that seeks to address the emerging issues with a particular emphasis on how this sector's functioning interacts with and affects the broader economy. This rapid assessment of Bulgaria's housing sector attempts to inform the country's forthcoming strategy. It brings together information on how the sector has performed, and relies upon the international experience, and particularly the experience of other transition economies, to set the stage for the prospective Strategy's deeper probe. Bulgaria followed a Soviet style planning approach that created one of the world's most over industrialized economies. In following this approach, it expanded many cities to service what are now bankrupt heavy industries. The result is that today the employment prospects in many locations remain dim, particularly where state-owned factories of the old regime have closed. This has resulted in massive population shifts, with some villages and towns facing complete abandonment. The country has a large ageing population, and is also experiencing one of the world's sharpest reductions in population. Population has declined by almost 20 percent since 1989, and this trend is likely to intensify over the next two decades
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: City Development Strategy
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Technology is one of the main drivers of productivity and economic growth. Developing countries have traditionally had difficulties in both developing technology and absorbing foreign technology. However, the recent emergence of tech startups present an opportunity. Tech start-ups are an effective a mechanism to both create local technology and absorb foreign technology. The objective of this report is to provide a better understanding of the status of Beirut's start-up ecosystem and provide policy recommendations for policy makers and other stakeholders who are interested in supporting the growth and sustainability of the ecosystem. The report is based on an in-depth survey of startups and supportive stakeholders of the ecosystem. The findings point out to an early-to middle stage start-up ecosystem that has passed its nascent growth phase but is still far from maturity. Skills, supportive infrastructure, finance pipeline, and community and networks are examined and gaps are identified. Policy recommendations to tackle these gaps are presented based on international practices
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This 10th South Africa Economic Update offers a review of the country's recent economic and social developments and outlook in the context of global economic prospects. It focuses on the role of innovation in fostering economic growth, job creation and poverty reduction in an environment in which more South Africans are getting poorer. Main conclusions emerging from this analysis suggest that policies to spur innovation can go a long way in addressing unemployment, poverty and inequality in South Africa. It is our hope that South Africa will continue, and possibly expand, using the World Bank vast body of knowledge, global experience and its convening power as a platform for exchange and peer-to-peer learning in the identification of pragmatic solutions to reach the country's National Development Plan's goals
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Despite bold efforts to consolidate public finances, Ukraine's growth potential remains undermined by a large public sector, high public debt levels and inefficient provision of critical public services. The Ukraine government faces new public spending pressures which, if realized, would reverse recent fiscal consolidation gains. In this context, the objective of this Public Finance Review (PFR) is to inform the government of Ukraine about fiscal reform options to restore sustainability of public finances while improving critical public services and improving medium-term growth prospects. The PFR offers reform options for a gradual and sustainable fiscal deficit reduction and mitigation of risks to debt sustainability through broadening the tax base, improved tax administration, and more efficient public spending. Chapter 1 provides an overview of Ukraine's fiscal situation and key pressures to fiscal sustainability. Chapter 2 focuses on options to broaden the tax base and improve tax administration following the recent tax reform measures. Although Ukraine already collects a high share of Gross domestic product as taxes, it can improve tax compliance, broaden the tax base, and reduce the tax burden. Improving tax administration and broadening the tax base are critical to improve fiscal sustainability in the short term and to create a foundation for sustainable economic growth in the medium term. Chapter 3 focuses on options to improve the fiscal sustainability of the pensions system, which is the largest public finance expenditure item and a source of fiscal vulnerability on the expenditure side. Chapters 4, 5, 6 and 7 look at opportunities for delivering public services, specifically, education, health, social assistance and decentralization, that are more efficient, equitable and higher quality. Reforms in these areas are anchors of Ukraine's long-term fiscal sustainability and core elements of the strategy to reduce the fiscal deficit. Analyses of expenditures in this review are structured according to functions rather than economic categories
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Afghanistan possesses a rich horticultural history, with a number of unique products, such as dried fruit, that are still renowned in various parts of the world. The period of conflict that has plagued Afghanistan for the past 40 years has, however, severely disrupted supply chains and markets for horticultural products and, in particular, hindered the ability of traders and producers to export products to high-value markets. The following sections provide an overview of the horticultural sector in Afghanistan and its various components. Section 1.1 describes the history and economic importance of horticulture in Afghanistan; section 1.2 describes the endowments and infrastructure that support the production and trade of horticultural crops in Afghanistan; section 1.3 presents an overview of the nature of horticultural inputs in Afghanistan and details methods for producing horticultural crops; section 1.4 describes the structure of post-harvest activities; section 1.5 reviews the processing and marketing of horticultural products in Afghanistan; section 1.6 presents and overview of the recent performance of the horticulture sector in Afghanistan; and section 1.7 describes recent and current policies and programs focusing on the horticulture sector in Afghanistan. The report is organized as follows: chapter one summarizes the recent literature on the horticulture sector; chapter two presents the results of the Survey undertaken for this report; and chapter three lists recommendations and next steps
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is among the five poorest countries in the world, whether measured by poverty rate or number of poor. Political instability and rapid demographic growth "the second highest in Africa" have driven an increase in the total number of poor that puts extreme pressure on the country's derelict infrastructure. Access to improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services is low, with particularly dramatic shortfalls among the poorest and rural dwellers, but a pervasive lack of truly safe services even among wealthier and urban households. Water contamination is common even among households with access to piped water in major urban areas, and nearly universal in the rural areas surveyed by this diagnostic. This contamination is making WASH a key contributing factor to a silent emergency that is placing DRC's poor and rapidly growing population at risk of permanent disconnect: widespread malnutrition. Malnutrition is especially common among DRC's children (43 percent in 2014) and has been shown to have irreversible negative effects on physical and cognitive development. This diagnostic analyses these trends and links them to institutional weaknesses in the WASH sector, in particular institutional fragmentation, weak capacity, and a bias toward specific institutions and services. Opportunities for improvement are analyzed and condensed into six clear messages that provide guidance on the way forward for the WASH sector in the DRC
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Sri Lanka Development Update has two main aims. First, it reports on the key developments over the past six months in Sri Lanka's economy, and places these in a longer term and global context. Based on these developments, and on policy changes over the period, it updates the outlook for Sri Lanka's economy and social welfare. Second, the Update provides a more in-depth examination of selected economic and policy issues, and analysis of medium-term development challenges. It is intended for a wide audience, including policymakers, business leaders, financial market participants, and the community of analysts and professionals engaged in Sri Lanka's evolving economy
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Water and Sanitation Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report is part of a ...
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