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  • 1995-1999  (6)
  • 1980-1984
  • Scarpetta, Stefano  (6)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (6)
  • Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Levels and Cyclical Behaviour of Mark-ups Across Countries and Market Structures (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.213
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In this paper, we present estimates of the mark-up of product price over marginal costs for the US manufacturing industries over the 1970-1992 period. The paper extends the analysis used in previous studies based on nominal productivity residuals by considering intermediate inputs and cyclical fluctuations of price margins. The estimated steady-state mark-ups are positive but moderate, generally in the range of 10-20 per cent. The results also support the hypothesis of countercyclical price margins in most manufacturing industries, especially in the presence of downward rigidities of labour inputs. This offers an appealing interpretation of the otherwise puzzling procyclicality of real wages and enables to better estimate TFP. We also discuss the role of market structures on the levels and cyclicality of mark-ups. Finally, we compare the results for the United States with those of the other G-5 countries and distinguish between fragmented and segmented industries. The latter ...
    DOI: 10.1787/817488867486
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Retirement Decision in OECD Countries (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 107 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.202
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper examines the main determinants of the decision to retire from the labour market in OECD countries, and in particular the role of social security systems in driving down the labour-force participation rate of older people in recent decades. It demonstrates that old-age pension systems in virtually all OECD countries in the mid-1990s made it financially unattractive to work after the age of 55, and the implicit tax on continued work has risen strongly since the 1960s in most countries. Financial disincentives to continued work have been amplified by various de facto early-retirement programmes, including unemployment-related and disability schemes. Pooled cross-country time-series regressions show that increased disincentives to work at older ages have contributed significantly to the drop in labour-force participation rates of older males, but also demonstrate that the deterioration of labourmarket conditions in many countries has played a significant role as well ...
    DOI: 10.1787/565174210530
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Implementing the OECD jobs strategy : assessing performance and policy; unemployment in the OECD area, 1950 - 2000 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264173684
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: The OECD Jobs Strategy
    Series Statement: The OECD jobs strategy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Implementing the OECD jobs strategy
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. ;La stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mise en oeuvre de la Stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi : Évaluation des performances et des politiques
    Keywords: OECD ; Beschäftigungspolitik
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173682-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Economic Effects of Employment-Conditional Income Support Schemes for the Low-Paid : An Illustration from a CGE Model Applied to Four OECD Countries (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.224
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Problems of unemployment and low pay amongst the low-skilled and those with little work experience are severe in many OECD countries. Employment-conditional schemes are policy instruments designed to increase the employment prospects of the low-skilled as well as to support their living standard. In this paper a simple CGE model is developed to simulate the impact of the introduction of an employmentconditional scheme in four OECD countries. The simulated policy package is graduated on gross earnings with both “phase-in” and “phase-out” regions. The advantage of the CGE approach is to allow assessing the direct and indirect effects of the financing of the policy scheme on both labour demand and supply. The simulations suggest that employment effects on targeted households are significant while the impact on aggregate employment is modest. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness of the policy package is found to depend crucially on the earnings distribution, the levels of taxes on ...
    DOI: 10.1787/083815484206
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Microeconometric Analysis of the Retirement Decision : Germany (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.204
    Keywords: Economics ; Germany
    Abstract: This paper analyses the determinants of the retirement decision in Germany using microdata from the German Socio-Economic Panel over the period 1985-1995. Non-parametric and semi-parametric techniques have been used to describe the exit to retirement. Non-parametric estimates suggest that the incentive structure generated by the different social security schemes play a powerful role in the individual retirement decision. The semi-parametric analysis is conducted using a piece-wise constant hazard model with multiple destinations (i.e. disability scheme and old-age pension scheme) and time-varying covariates. Socio-demographic factors have a strong impact on the retirement decision. Moreover, poor health contributes to early withdrawals from the labour market, especially in the case of disability retirement. Financial incentives offered in the pension system are also powerful in shaping the age profile of retirement. In particular, we used the pension wealth and an estimate of the ...
    DOI: 10.1787/572650601656
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mark-Up Ratios in Manufacturing Industries : Estimates for 14 OECD Countries (1996)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 49 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.162
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper provides estimates of mark-ups of product prices over marginal costs for 36 manufacturing industries in 14 OECD countries over the 1970- 1992 period. The estimates are based on the methodology put forward by Roeger (1995), extended to include intermediate inputs. After a discussion of analytical and data issues, the estimates are presented and shown to be smaller than those of previous studies. It is also shown that the level and dispersion of mark-ups are consistent with a priori views about characteristics of the market structure prevailing in each industry. Finally, the paper examines how mark-up estimates affect the estimated rate of growth of total factor productivity (TFP) ...
    DOI: 10.1787/007750682315
    URL: Volltext
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