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  • Rand Corporation  (201)
  • Santa Monica, CA : RAND  (180)
  • Santa Monica, Calif : RAND  (21)
  • Electronic books  (201)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Driving to safety : how many miles of driving would it take to demonstrate autonomous vehicle reliability? (2016)
    Santa Monica, Calif : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833095299 , 0833095293
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 pages)
    Series Statement: Research report RR-1478-RC
    DDC: 338.4/76292
    Keywords: Autonomous vehicles Decision making ; Autonomous vehicles ; Traffic safety ; Intelligent control systems ; Automobile industry and trade ; Motor vehicles ; Traffic safety ; Intelligent control systems ; Automobile industry and trade Technological innovations ; Motor vehicles Automatic control ; Automated vehicles Decision making ; Traffic safety ; United States ; Automobile industry and trade ; Technological innovations ; Intelligent control systems ; Motor vehicles ; Automatic control ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "How safe are autonomous vehicles? The answer is crucial for developing sound policies to govern their deployment. One proposal to assess safety is to test-drive autonomous vehicles in real traffic, observe their performance, and make statistical comparisons to human driver performance. This approach is logical, but it is practical? In this report, we calculate the number of miles that would need to be driven to provide clear statistical evidence of autonomous vehicle safety. Given that current traffic fatalities and injuries are rare events compared with vehicle miles traveled, we show that fully autonomous vehicles would have to be driven hundreds of millions of miles and sometimes hundreds of billions of miles to demonstrate their safety in terms of fatalities and injuries. Under even aggressive testing assumptions, existing fleets would take tens and sometimes hundreds of years to drive these miles--an impossible proposition if the aim is to demonstrate performance prior to releasing them for consumer use. Our findings demonstrate that developers of this technology and third-party testers cannot simply drive their way to safety. Instead, they will need to develop innovative methods of demonstrating safety and reliability. And yet, it may still not be possible to establish with certainty the safety of autonomous vehicles. Therefore, it is imperative that autonomous vehicle regulations are adaptive--designed from the outset to evolve with the technology so that society can better harness the benefits and manage the risks of these rapidly evolving and potentially transformative technologies"--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: Key Findings -- HOW MANY MILES WOULD AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES HAVE TO BE DRIVEN WITHOUT FAILURE TO DEMONSTRATE THAT THEIR FAILURE RATE IS BELOW SOME BENCHMARK? -- HOW MANY MILES WOULD AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES HAVE TO BE DRIVEN TO DEMONSTRATE THEIR FAILURE R ATE TO A PARTICULAR DEGREE OF PRECISION? -- HOW MANY MILES WOULD AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES HAVE TO BE DRIVEN TO DEMONSTRATE THAT THEIR FAILURE RATE IS STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER THAN THE HUMAN DRIVER FAILURE RATE? -- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- About the Authors.
    Note: "April 12, 2016"--Table of contents page , Includes bibliographical references (pages 12-13)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Cost-Benefit Framework for Analyzing the Economic and Fiscal Impacts of State-Level Immigration Policies (2016)
    Santa Monica, Calif : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833095213 , 0833095218
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiii, 95 pages)
    Series Statement: Research report RR-1397-MCF
    DDC: 323.0420869120973
    Keywords: Immigrants Services for ; Cost effectiveness ; Immigrants ; Emigration and immigration ; Political aspects ; Social policy ; United States ; Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; United States Social policy 21st century ; United States Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; United States Emigration and immigration 21st century ; Political aspects ; United States ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "Traditionally, immigration policy has been a federal responsibility but, in the past decade, states have begun to adopt policies through legislation and other actions to respond to trends in unauthorized immigration. Some states have adopted restrictive policies toward unauthorized immigrants, such as expanding state and local enforcement of immigration laws, requiring employers to verify employment eligibility, and precluding access to driver's licenses or in-state tuition for public higher education. Other states have adopted policies that are unrestrictive — for example, making driver's licenses and in-state tuition available regardless of immigration status. The expanding role of states in these areas of policy raises questions about the consequences of state-level action for various stakeholders in the public and private sectors. This report features a cost-benefit framework for classifying the potential impacts of specific state-level immigration-related policies, identifying the potential domains of impact and how different stakeholders in the public and private sectors would be affected. The authors also review research literature to identify empirical evidence, where it exists, regarding the likely magnitudes of the impacts of specific state-level immigration-related policies, and use the cost-benefit framework, together with the assembled empirical evidence, to assess the rigor and relevance of existing studies of the fiscal and economic impacts of specific state-level immigration policy actions. This study should be of interest to policymakers at all levels of government, as well stakeholders in the private sector, focused on state-level immigration policy and the costs and benefits associated with state policy actions pertaining to unauthorized immigrants"--Publisher's description
    Abstract: "Traditionally, immigration policy has been a federal responsibility but, in the past decade, states have begun to adopt policies through legislation and other actions to respond to trends in unauthorized immigration. Some states have adopted restrictive policies toward unauthorized immigrants, such as expanding state and local enforcement of immigration laws, requiring employers to verify employment eligibility, and precluding access to driver's licenses or in-state tuition for public higher education. Other states have adopted policies that are unrestrictive — for example, making driver's licenses and in-state tuition available regardless of immigration status. The expanding role of states in these areas of policy raises questions about the consequences of state-level action for various stakeholders in the public and private sectors. This report features a cost-benefit framework for classifying the potential impacts of specific state-level immigration-related policies, identifying the potential domains of impact and how different stakeholders in the public and private sectors would be affected. The authors also review research literature to identify empirical evidence, where it exists, regarding the likely magnitudes of the impacts of specific state-level immigration-related policies, and use the cost-benefit framework, together with the assembled empirical evidence, to assess the rigor and relevance of existing studies of the fiscal and economic impacts of specific state-level immigration policy actions. This study should be of interest to policymakers at all levels of government, as well stakeholders in the private sector, focused on state-level immigration policy and the costs and benefits associated with state policy actions pertaining to unauthorized immigrants"--Publisher's description
    Note: "March 8, 2016"--Table of contents page , Includes bibliographical references (pages 83-95)
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Ten Frequently Asked Questions About Veterans' Transitions : Results of a Decade of RAND Work on Veteran Life (2016)
    Santa Monica, Calif : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833095763 , 0833095765
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 pages)
    Series Statement: Research Report RR-1095-OSD
    DDC: 362.860973
    Keywords: Veterans Medical care ; Veterans Mental health services ; Veterans Employment ; Veterans Education ; Veterans Services for ; Career changes ; Veterans ; Veterans ; Veterans ; Veterans ; Veterans ; Career changes ; Veterans ; Employment ; Veterans ; Medical care ; Veterans ; Mental health services ; Veterans ; Services for ; United States ; Career changes ; Veterans ; Education ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "The transition from military service to the civilian world can be very challenging, particularly for young veterans with no prior civilian work experience and those with injuries or disabilities. As part of their duty to care for the men and women who have served the country in uniform--as well as to promote strong member recruitment in the future--the U.S. Department of Defense and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs seek to monitor and improve the education and employment opportunities and the health and well-being of military veterans and reservists. Over the past decade, the RAND Corporation has proactively pursued a program of research addressing veterans' transitions to the civilian labor market. This document compiles RAND's body of work on this topic and highlights the breadth of topics RAND has studied. It distills more than a decade's worth of research on many facets of veteran life into a set of ten questions and answers gleaned from this work"--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: Overview -- HOW WIDESPREAD IS VETERAN UNEMPLOYMENT? : RAND Findings: Collecting the Right Data -- More-Robust Results -- Read More -- WHY ARE SO MANY VETERANS ON UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE?: RAND Findings: Building a Better Database -- Suggested Solutions -- Read More -- ARE TAX CREDITS FOR HIRING VETERANS USEFUL AND COST-EFFECTIVE?: RAND Findings -- Do Companies Unfairly Benefit? -- Benefits Outweigh the Costs -- Read More -- DO SERVICE MEMBERS AND VETERANS EARN LESS THAN CIVILIANS?: RAND Findings -- Occupational Differences -- College Enrollment -- Economic Condition -- Read More -- HOW EFFECTIVE ARE SUPPORT SERVICES FOR VETERANS' TRANSITIONS?: RAND Findings -- PaYS -- 100,000 Jobs Mission -- Beyond Yellow Ribbon -- Toolkit for Translating Skills -- Read More -- WHAT DO VETERANS EXPERIENCE WHEN RETURNING TO SCHOOL?: RAND Findings -- GI Bill Costs and Savings: Veterans' College Experience and For-Profit Institutions -- Read More -- HOW WIDESPREAD AND COSTLY ARE MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS AMONG SERVICE MEMBERS AND VETERANS?: RAND Findings -- Gaps in Mental Health Services -- Effects of PTSD on Earnings -- Read More -- IS SUICIDE A CRISIS IN THE MILITARY?: RAND Findings -- Mismatched Research Funding -- Read More ARE DISABLED VETERANS AND SURVIVORS SUITABLY COMPENSATED?: RAND Findings -- Disability Benefits -- Disincentive to Return to Work -- Compensating Survivors -- Read More -- WHAT ARE PROMISING AVENUES FOR FUTURE RESEARCH ON VETERANS?: Findings from Previous Research -- Potential Research on Veterans' Transitions -- Mapping Veterans' Employment Paths -- Broad Long-Term Study of Veterans’ Education Outcomes -- About This Report.
    Note: "May 23, 2016"--Table of contents page , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Counterinsurgency scorecard update : Afghanistan in early 2015 relative to insurgencies since World War II (2016)
    Santa Monica, Calif : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833092625 , 0833093835 , 0833092626 , 9780833093837
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 38 pages)
    Series Statement: Research report RR-1273-OSD
    Keywords: Counterinsurgency ; Asymmetric warfare ; Low-intensity conflicts (Military science) ; Peacekeeping forces ; Insurgency History 21st century ; Counterinsurgency Case studies ; Counterinsurgency ; Asymmetric warfare ; Low-intensity conflicts (Military science) ; Peacekeeping forces ; Insurgency ; Counterinsurgency ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Security (National & International) ; Asymmetric warfare ; Counterinsurgency ; Insurgency ; Low-intensity conflicts (Military science) ; Peacekeeping forces ; Afghanistan ; Case studies ; History ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "Previous RAND research examined 71 insurgencies begun and completed worldwide between World War II and 2010 to analyze correlates of success in counterinsurgency (COIN). A key finding was that a case's score on a scorecard of 15 equally weighted good and 11 equally weighted bad COIN factors and practices corresponded perfectly with the outcomes of the cases analyzed. That is, the balance of good and bad factors and practices was always positive when the outcome was a COIN win (insurgent loss) and always negative when the outcome was a COIN loss (insurgent win). Using the scorecard approach as its foundation, a RAND study sought to apply the findings to the case of Afghanistan in 2015. The effort involved an expert elicitation in which experts were asked to make "worst-case" assessments of the factors to complete the scorecard for ongoing operations in Afghanistan. It was the third Afghanistan-focused exercise conducted with the scorecard, allowing rough comparisons with scores assigned by expert panels in 2011 and 2013. The 2015 consensus results indicated that Afghanistan continues to have a positive score, though its score is tied with the lowest-scoring historical wins. Two factors remained absent in Afghanistan in 2015 but essential to success in historical COIN campaigns: disrupting flows of tangible support to the insurgents and a demonstration (and improvement) of commitment and motivation on the part of the Afghan National Security Forces, the primary COIN force since the coalition drawdown. Despite some potentially positive developments resulting from the 2014 election of a new government in Afghanistan, it appears that the most promising end to the conflict will be a negotiated settlement in which the Afghan government makes some concessions to the insurgents and in which external powers, including the United States and Pakistan, help broker a satisfactory power-sharing agreement that brings greater stability to the country"--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Figure and Tables -- Summary -- Counterinsurgency Scorecard Update: Afghanistan in Early 2015 Relative to Insurgencies Since World War II -- Findings from Previous Research on Insurgency: Findings from Previous Research on Insurgency -- The Counterinsurgency Scorecard -- Endgames for Insurgencies: Getting to Negotiated Settlements -- Scoring the Ongoing Conflict in Afghanistan: Using the Delphi Method -- Building on Previous Scorecards -- 2015 Scorecard Results: Specific Factors in the Current Case -- Notes on Factors Present or Absent in 2015 but Tenuous in the Future -- 2015 Results Compared with Previous Results and Analyses: What Improved? -- What Declined? -- What Stayed the Same? -- Scorecard and Duration of Conflict -- Summary of Scorecard Analyses -- Prospects for a Negotiated Settlement -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- APPENDIX -- References.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 37-38)
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  • 5
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    Developing Codes to Capture Post-Operative Care (2016)
    Santa Monica, Calif : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833096296 , 083309629X , 9780833095411 , 0833095412
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 40 pages)
    Series Statement: Research report RR-1526-CMS
    DDC: 617.9/195
    Keywords: Medical fees Law and legislation ; Health insurance claims ; Postoperative care Costs ; Managed care plans (Medical care) ; Medical fees ; Health insurance claims ; Postoperative care ; Managed care plans (Medical care) ; Managed Care Programs ; Fees, Medical legislation & jurisprudence ; Postoperative Care economics ; Health insurance claims ; United States ; Managed care plans (Medical care) ; Medical fees ; Law and legislation ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) uses a fee schedule to pay physicians and nonphysician practitioners for their professional services. For many surgeries and other types of procedures, Medicare's payment for the procedure includes post-operative visits delivered during a global period of ten or 90 days anchored on the surgery date. The Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 requires CMS gather the necessary data to appropriately value post-operative care. The law requires CMS to collect data on the "number and level" of visits in the global period from a representative sample of physicians beginning January 1, 2017. Congress suggested, but does not require, that the data be collected through claims. CMS asked the RAND Corporation to provide recommendations on how to best collect the number and level of post-operative visits through the use of nonpayment claims. To do so, RAND first gathered input from individuals performing surgical procedures on the range of post-operative care provided during the global period. RAND consulted with an expert panel on how to categorize the care into codes that capture the major differences in the breadth and intensity of post-operative care across care settings. This report provides recommendations for a set of nonpayment codes that combine visit times with the complexity of services, for both inpatient and office-based services. The recommended codes attempt to balance the need for a simple and straightforward system with the demand for a set of codes to capture the granularity and heterogeneity associated with post-operative care delivery"--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Tables -- Figure -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Glossary -- 1. Introduction: Background -- Project Objectives -- Organization of this Report -- Clarifications on Terminology -- 2. Overview of Current Payment Policy for Post-Operative Services in the Global Period: Process for Determining Valuation of Global Procedures -- Billing for Post-Operative Services Provided During the Global Period -- 3. Interviews on Post-Operative Care: Interview Sampling Approach -- Interview Guide -- Interview Findings -- Summary of Interview Findings -- 4. Challenges Identified During Interviews and Expert Panel in Capturing Post-Operative Care via Codes: Expert Panel -- Challenges Identified During the Interviews and/or Expert Panel -- Summary of Challenges Associated with Capturing Post-Operative Care -- 5. Options for Capturing Post-Operative Care: Setting of Care -- Existing E&M Codes -- Scope of Care -- Time -- Summary of Options -- 6. Recommendations for Capturing Post-Operative Care: Proposed Framework of Post-Operative Codes -- Inpatient Codes: A, B, and C -- Office-Based Visit Codes: D and E -- Code for Non–Face-to-Face Care: F -- Codes for Clinical Staff: G and H -- Choosing the Correct Time Increment -- Summary of Recommendations -- 7. Summary and Next Steps: Other Considerations -- Next Steps -- Conclusion -- References.
    Note: "July 19, 2016"--Table of contents page , Includes bibliographical references (pages 38-40)
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Balancing Demand and Supply for Veterans' Health Care : A Summary of Three RAND Assessments Conducted Under the Veterans Choice Act (2016)
    Santa Monica, Calif : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833094070 , 0833094076
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 pages)
    Series Statement: Research report RR-1165/4-RC
    DDC: 355.1/1560973
    Keywords: United States ; United States ; United States ; United States ; Veterans' hospitals Medical care ; Veterans Legal status, laws, etc ; Veterans Services for ; Veterans Medical care ; Government policy ; Health services accessibility ; Veterans' hospitals ; Veterans ; Veterans ; Veterans ; Health services accessibility ; Veterans ; Services for ; United States ; Health services accessibility ; United States ; Veterans ; Legal status, laws, etc ; Veterans ; Medical care ; Government policy ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "In response to concerns that the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has faced about veterans' access to care and the quality of care delivered, Congress enacted the Veterans Access, Choice, and Accountability Act of 2014 ("Veterans Choice Act") in August 2014. The law was passed to help address access issues by expanding the criteria through which veterans can seek care from civilian providers. In addition, the law called for a series of independent assessments of the VA health care system across a broad array of topics related to the delivery of health care services to veterans in VA-owned and -operated facilities, as well as those under contract to VA. RAND conducted three of these assessments: Veteran demographics and health care needs (A), VA health care capabilities (B), and VA authorities and mechanisms for purchasing care (C). This report summarizes the findings of our assessments and includes recommendations from the reports for improving the match between veterans' needs and VA's capabilities, including VA's ability to purchase necessary care from the private sector."--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- CHAPTER ONE: Demand: How Much Care Do Veterans Use? -- CHAPTER TWO: Supply: What Is VA's Capacity to Deliver Health Care and How Might This Impact Veterans' Access? -- CHAPTER THREE: What Should Policymakers Consider When Examining Changes to Purchased Care? -- Recommendations.
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  • 7
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    Systematic Reviews for Occupational Safety and Health Questions : resources for Evidence Synthesis (2016)
    Santa Monica, Calif : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833096289 , 0833096281
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 88 pages)
    Series Statement: Research report RR-1463-CDC
    DDC: 363.11
    Keywords: Evidence-based medicine ; Industrial safety Research ; Methodology ; Industrial hygiene Research ; Methodology ; Evidence-based medicine ; Industrial safety ; Industrial hygiene ; Evidence-based medicine ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "This report introduces systematic reviews of the literature as a research methodology to summarize the existing evidence with a transparent, reliable, and valid approach. It covers the systematic review steps: (1) define the question, (2) create a protocol, (3) conduct a literature search and screen for inclusion, (4) document and assess included studies, and (5) evaluate and interpret the body of evidence. The report also provides resources for drawing conclusions and developing recommendations based on the systematic review. We performed a literature review and consulted with producers and consumers of systematic reviews over the course of the project to identify available resources. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) staff provided a draft systematic review framework and continuous input to ensure relevance and applicability to occupational safety and health questions. The report draws on key general existing guidance for systematic reviews as well as identified resources specific to occupational safety and health evidence synthesis. Occupational safety and health is an extensive multidisciplinary field and encompasses a broad spectrum of issues that affect the health and safety of individuals in the workplace. Standard systematic review tools and methods may need to be adapted to fit the unique requirements of evidence synthesis for occupational safety and health questions. The report provides practical guidance to execute a systematic review as well as considerations specific to evidence synthesis for occupational safety and health questions"--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Figures and Tables -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- 1. Introduction and Report Methods: Background -- Methods -- Objective -- 2. Systematic Review Step 1: Define the Question: Scope of the Review -- Review Questions -- Review Team, Technical Expert Panels, Key Informants, and Stakeholders -- 3. Systematic Review Step 2: Create a Protocol: Systematic Review Protocol Elements -- Analytic Framework -- Methodological Conduct of the Review -- Systematic Review Protocol Function -- Other Evidence Review Products -- Scalability of Evidence Review Methods -- Transparency of Review Methods -- 4. Systematic Review Step 3: Conduct a Literature Search and Screen for Inclusion: Data Sources -- Search Strategy -- Eligibility Criteria and Inclusion Screening -- Flow Diagram -- 5. Systematic Review Step 4: Document and Assess Included Studies: Data Extraction -- Evidence Table -- Critical Appraisal -- Data Access -- 6. Systematic Review Step 5: Evaluate and Interpret the Body of Evidence: Synthesizing Evidence -- Grading Evidence -- Integrating Evidence -- Body-of-Evidence Evaluation and Interpretation Transparency -- 7. Draw Conclusions and Develop Recommendations: Systematic Review Reporting -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Translational Products -- 8. Discussion and Outlook -- References.
    Note: "July 11, 2016"--Table of contents page , Includes bibliographical references (pages 75-88)
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    When Race/Ethnicity Data Are Lacking : Using Advanced Indirect Estimation Methods to Measure Disparities (2016)
    Santa Monica, Calif : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833095169 , 0833095161
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (5 pages)
    Series Statement: Research report RR-1162-COMMASS
    DDC: 362.10973
    Keywords: Minorities Medical care ; Health care reform ; Health services accessibility ; Social status Health aspects ; Minorities ; Health care reform ; Health services accessibility ; Social status ; Health Services Accessibility statistics & numerical data ; Health Care Reform ; Ethnic Groups statistics & numerical data ; United States ; United States ; Health care reform ; Health services accessibility ; Minorities ; Medical care ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "A key aim of U.S. health care reforms is to ensure equitable care while improving quality for all Americans. Limited race/ethnicity data in health care records hamper efforts to meet this goal. Despite improvements in access and quality, gaps persist, particularly among persons belonging to racial/ethnic minority and low-income groups. This report describes the use of indirect estimation methods to produce probabilistic estimates of racial/ethnic populations to monitor health care utilization and improvement. One method described, called Bayesian Indirect Surname Geocoding, uses a person's Census surname and the racial/ethnic composition of their neighborhood to produce a set of probabilities that a given person belongs to one of a set of mutually exclusive racial/ethnic groups. Advances in methods for estimating race/ethnicity are enabling health plans and other health care organizations to overcome a long-standing barrier to routine monitoring and actions to reduce disparities in care. Though these new estimation methods are promising, practical knowledge and guidance on how to most effectively apply newly available race/ethnicity data to address disparities can be greatly extended"--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: Key findings -- NEWER INDIRECT ESTIMATION METHODS -- ACCURACY OF NEWER ESTIMATES -- USES OF INDIRECTLY ESTIMATED RACE/ETHNICITY -- RELATED APPLICATIONS OF INDIRECT ESTIMATION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES.
    Note: "March 28, 2016"--Table of contents page , Includes bibliographical references (page 5)
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  • 9
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    U.S. Special Operations Forces in the Philippines, 2001--2014 (2016)
    Santa Monica, Calif : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833092922 , 0833092928
    Language: English
    Pages: Online Ressource (xxxv, 148 pages) , color illustrations, color map, color charts.
    Series Statement: Research Report RR-1236-OSD
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 303.62509599
    Keywords: United States / Army / Special Forces ; United States ; United States ; United States ; Terrorism Prevention ; Philippines ; Counterinsurgency Philippines ; Transnational crime Prevention ; International cooperation ; Operation Enduring Freedom, 2001- ; Combined operations (Military science) ; Transnational crime Prevention ; International cooperation ; Counterinsurgency ; Terrorism Prevention ; Terrorism Prevention ; Operation Enduring Freedom, 2001- ; Counterinsurgency ; Transnational crime Prevention ; International cooperation ; Combined operations (Military science) ; Terrorism ; Prevention ; HISTORY ; Asia ; Southeast Asia ; Military relations ; Strategic aspects of individual places ; Combined operations (Military science) ; Counterinsurgency ; Philippines Strategic aspects ; 21st century ; United States Military relations ; Philippines ; Philippines Military relations ; United States ; Philippines Military relations ; Philippines Strategic aspects 21st century ; United States Military relations ; United States Military relations ; Philippines Military relations ; Philippines Strategic aspects 21st century ; Philippines ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "This report examines the 14-year experience of U.S. special operations forces in the Philippines from 2001 through 2014. The objective of this case history is to document and evaluate the activities and effects of special operations capabilities employed to address terrorist threats in Operation Enduring Freedom--Philippines through (1) training and equipping Philippine security forces, (2) providing operational advice and assistance, and (3) conducting civil–military and information operations. The report evaluates the development, execution, and adaptation of the U.S. effort to enable the Philippine government to counter transnational terrorist groups. An average of 500 to 600 U.S. Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps special operations units were employed continuously under the command of a joint special operations task force. They provided training, advice, and assistance during combat operations to both Philippine special operations units and selected air, ground, and naval conventional units; conducted civil–military and information operations on Basilan, in the Sulu archipelago, and elsewhere in Mindanao; provided intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, medical evacuation, and emergency care; aided planning and intelligence fusion at joint operational commands and force development at institutional headquarters; and coordinated their programs closely with the U.S. embassy country team. The authors conclude that Operation Enduring Freedom--Philippines contributed to the successful degradation of transnational terrorist threats in the Philippines and the improvement of its security forces, particularly special operations units. It identifies contributing and limiting factors, which could be relevant to the planning and implementation of future such efforts"--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Figures -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Study Purpose -- Research Approach -- Organization of the Report -- Chapter 2: U.S.-Philippine Relations in Historical Perspective: U.S.-Philippine Policy Decisions -- The Initial Assessment -- Joint Task Force 510 and the Terms of Reference -- 2003-2004: Transition to Joint Special Operations Task Force--Philippines -- Summary -- Chapter 4: 2005-2007: The Move to Jolo and Operation Ultimatum: Assessment and Adaptation -- Plan Execution -- Increased Emphasis on Armed Forces of Philippines Targeting of Abu Sayyaf Group Leaders -- Summary -- Chapter 6: 2010-2012: Transitioning Up: Assessment and Adaptation -- Plan Execution -- Summary -- Chapter 7: 2012-2014: Zamboanga Siege and Transitioning Out: Assessment and Adaptation -- Plan Execution -- Summary -- Chapter 8: Conclusion: Overall Outcomes -- Limiting Factors -- Key Contributing Factors -- Generalizability of Findings -- Appendixes: A. Balikatan 02-1 Terms of Reference -- B. Plan Analysis Tool -- Bibliography.
    Note: "April 6, 2016"--Table of contents page. - Includes bibliographical references (pages 139-148). - Online resource; title from PDF title page (RAND, viewed April 7, 2016) , Includes bibliographical references (pages 139-148)
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  • 10
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    Suicide postvention in the Department of Defense : evidence, policies and procedures, and perspectives of loss survivors (2015)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833086440 , 0833086448 , 9780833086457 , 0833086456 , 9780833086433 , 083308643X
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Print version Ramchand, Rajeev Suicide postvention in the Department of Defense
    Keywords: United States Personnel management ; Research ; United States ; Soldiers Suicidal behavior ; Military research ; Suicide Prevention ; Government policy ; Suicide Prevention ; Research ; Psychology, Military ; Soldiers ; Military research ; Suicide ; Suicide ; Psychology, Military ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Public Policy ; Social Security ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Public Policy ; Social Services & Welfare ; Military research ; Personnel management ; Research ; Psychology, Military ; Soldiers ; Suicidal behavior ; Suicide ; Prevention ; Government policy ; United States ; United States ; United States Armed Forces ; Mental health services ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has been struggling with increasing rates of suicide among military personnel for the past decade. As DoD continues to implement new programs and examine its policies in an effort to prevent military personnel from taking their own lives, it is important to assess its current responses to suicide and to identify opportunities to enhance these programs and policies. Unfortunately, there is little scientific evidence on how best to respond to suicides, how to ensure that surveillance activities are managed appropriately and that loss survivors are given sufficient support to grieve, how additional suicides can be prevented, and how to honor and respect the decedent and his or her loved ones. At the same time, there are many resource guides intended to provide recommendations for organizations (mostly schools) in responding to suicides. A review of the existing scientific evidence on postvention (responses to prevent additional suicides in the aftermath of a suicide) and guidance for other types of organizations provides potential insights for DoD, however. Complemented by the perspectives of those most intimately touched by military suicide - the family and friends of those who have died - these sources may help DoD formulate its guidance in a practical and sensitive way
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 11
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    The Islamic state we knew : insights before the resurgence and their implications (2015)
    Santa Monica, Calif : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833091864 , 0833093800 , 0833091867 , 9780833093806
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 pages)
    Series Statement: Research report RR-1267-OSD
    Parallel Title: Print versionShatz, Howard J Islamic state we knew
    Keywords: IS (Organization) ; IS (Organization) ; Terrorism Prevention ; International cooperation ; Radicalism ; Islamic fundamentalism ; Terrorism ; Radicalism ; Islamic fundamentalism ; Radicalism ; Terrorism ; Prevention ; International cooperation ; Middle East ; HISTORY ; General ; IS (Organization) ; Islamic fundamentalism ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "The group calling itself the Islamic State poses a grave threat, not just to Iraq and Syria but to the region more broadly and to the United States and its global coalition partners. A deadly and adaptive foe, the Islamic State seemed to come out of nowhere in June 2014, when it conquered Mosul. However, the Islamic State of today is the direct descendant of a group that Iraq, the United States, and their partners once fought as al-Qa'ida in Iraq and then as the Islamic State of Iraq. The wealth of publicly available information about the group indicates that the Islamic State's reemergence in 2014, and especially its methods and goals, should not have come as a surprise, although the strength and scope of that reemergence were rightfully shocking. The history considered in this report provides information known by the end of 2011 about the group's origins, finances, organization, methods of establishing control over territory, and response to airpower. Now that the Islamic State has reemerged, countering it can rely, in part, on the great deal of accumulated knowledge available. Because Iraqis and coalition forces routed the group once, the group's history can inform four components of a successful strategy against the Islamic State: degrading the group's finances, eliminating its leadership and potential leadership, creating a better strategy to hold recaptured territory, and making use of airpower"-- Provided by publisher
    Note: "This report is derived from a May 27, 2015 talk presented at the 11th Annual National Security Conference of the Fisher Institute for Air and Space Strategic Studies in Herzliya, Israel, "Winning Small Wars and the Role of Air Power." The talk appeared in a session titled "Knowing, Perceiving, Understanding: What We Knew but Did Not Understand." The full conference agenda and videos of selected presentations are available on the Fisher Instituter's website"-- Back cover , Includes bibliographical references (pages 20-23)
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  • 12
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    Effects of Stigma and Discrimination Reduction Programs Conducted Under the California Mental Health Services Authority : an Evaluation of Runyon Saltzman Einhorn, Inc., Documentary Screening Events (2015)
    Santa Monica, Calif : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833093783 , 0833093789
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 pages)
    Series Statement: Research report RR-1257-CMHSA
    DDC: 362.209794
    Keywords: Mental health services Evaluation ; Discrimination against the mentally ill ; Mental illness Public opinion ; Mental health services ; Discrimination against the mentally ill ; Mental illness ; Health Services Research ; Program Evaluation ; Mental Health Services ; Prejudice prevention & control ; Social Stigma ; Mental illness ; Public opinion ; Discrimination against the mentally ill ; California ; Mental health services ; Evaluation ; California ; Electronic books ; Review
    Abstract: "Describes the methods and results of a RAND evaluation of stigma and discrimination reduction efforts by Runyon Saltzman Einhorn, Inc., involving screenings of a documentary film called 'A New State of Mind: Ending the Stigma of Mental Illness' "--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: Key Findings -- Methods: Sampling Procedure and Survey Administration -- Measures -- Expected Short-Term Outcomes of RSE Documentary Screening Events -- Results: Sample Characteristics -- Analysis Strategy -- Short-Term Outcomes of RSE Documentary Screening Events -- RSE documentary screening event participation reduced perceptions of dangerousness, increased beliefs about recovery, and had no effect on beliefs about the contributions that people with mental illness can make to society -- RSE documentary screening events resulted in slight increases in awareness of stigma and intentions to reduce discrimination -- RSE documentary screening events resulted in a very small increase in the likelihood of seeking professional help if needed, a very small decrease in likelihood of delaying treatment, and a small decrease in the likelihood of concealing a mental health problem -- RSE documentary screening events were more effective at reducing stigma among participants who had never personally experienced a mental illness and who had never had family members with mental illness -- RSE documentary screening event effectiveness varied by participant race/ethnicity, but not by stakeholder role or gender -- Discussion -- Notes -- Appendix. RSE Documentary Screening Event Effectiveness Variation Among Participant Subgroups -- References -- About the Authors -- Acknowledgments.
    Note: "October 27, 2015"--Table of contents page , Includes bibliographical references (page 11)
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  • 13
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    Improving the Cybersecurity of U.S. Air Force Military Systems Throughout Their Life Cycles (2015)
    Santa Monica, Calif : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833089007 , 083309338X , 0833089005 , 9780833093387
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 62 pages)
    Series Statement: Research reports RR-1007-AF
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Snyder, Don, 1962- Improving the cybersecurity of U.S. Air Force military systems throughout their life cycles
    Keywords: United States Rules and practice ; United States ; Computer networks Security measures ; Cyberspace Security measures ; Cyberinfrastructure Security measures ; Evaluation ; Risk assessment ; Cyberterrorism Prevention 21st century ; National security 21st century ; Computer networks ; Cyberspace ; Cyberinfrastructure ; Risk assessment ; Cyberterrorism ; National security ; HISTORY ; Military ; Aviation ; Computer networks ; Security measures ; Cyberterrorism ; Prevention ; National security ; Risk assessment ; Telecommunications ; Electrical & Computer Engineering ; Engineering & Applied Sciences ; United States ; United States ; Rules ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "There is increasing concern that Air Force systems containing information technology are vulnerable to intelligence exploitation and offensive attack through cyberspace. In this report, the authors analyze how the Air Force acquisition/life-cycle management community can improve cybersecurity throughout the life cycle of its military systems. The focus is primarily on the subset of procured systems for which the Air Force has some control over design, architectures, protocols, and interfaces (e.g., weapon systems, platform information technology), as opposed to commercial, off-the-shelf information technology and business systems. The main themes in the authors' findings are that cybersecurity laws and policies were created to manage commercial, off-the-shelf information technology and business systems and do not adequately address the challenges of securing military systems. Nor do they adequately capture the impact to operational missions. Cybersecurity is mainly added on to systems, not designed in. The authors recommend 12 steps that the Air Force can take to improve the cybersecurity of its military systems throughout their life cycles"--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Figures -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Cybersecurity Management: Introduction -- What Should Cybersecurity in Acquisition Achieve? -- Managing Cybersecurity Risk -- Challenges for Managing Cybersecurity -- Principles for Managing Cybersecurity -- Principles for Managing Cybersecurity -- Summary -- 2. Cybersecurity Laws and Policies -- Introduction -- Legislation and Federal Cybersecurity Policy -- Department of Defense Cybersecurity Policy -- Cybersecurity and Air Force Life-Cycle Management -- Conclusion -- 3. Findings and Recommendations: Findings -- Discussion -- Recommendations -- Closing Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References.
    Note: "October 27, 2015"--Table of contents page
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  • 14
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    Implications of integrating women into the Marine Corps infantry (2015)
    Santa Monica, Calif : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833092663 , 0833092669 , 9780833092038 , 0833092030
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxviii, 186 pages)
    Series Statement: Research report (Rand Corporation) RR-1103-USMC
    Parallel Title: Print version Schaefer, Agnes Gereben Implications of integrating women into the Marine Corps infantry
    Keywords: United States Personnel management ; United States ; Women and the military ; Women soldiers ; Women in combat ; Women marines ; Women and the military ; Women soldiers ; Women in combat ; Women marines ; Women marines ; Armed Forces ; Personnel management ; Women and the military ; Women in combat ; United States ; HISTORY ; Military ; Other ; Women soldiers ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This study for the U.S. Marine Corps consisted of four tasks: (1) review the literature on the integration of women in ground combat and other physically demanding occupations, (2) conduct interviews with representatives of organizations that have integrated women into physically demanding occupations, (3) estimate the costs of potential initiatives to promote successful gender integration, and (4) develop an approach for monitoring implementation of gender integration of the infantry. RAND researchers present a historical overview of the integration of women into the U.S. military and explore the importance of cohesion and what influences it. The gender integration experiences of foreign militaries, as well as those of domestic police and fire departments, are examined for insights on effective policies. The potential one-time and recurring costs associated with integration are estimated as well. The report culminates in a summary of previous monitoring efforts and broad strategic monitoring issues, as well as recommendations to the Marine Corps for implementation
    Abstract: This study for the U.S. Marine Corps consisted of four tasks: (1) review the literature on the integration of women in ground combat and other physically demanding occupations, (2) conduct interviews with representatives of organizations that have integrated women into physically demanding occupations, (3) estimate the costs of potential initiatives to promote successful gender integration, and (4) develop an approach for monitoring implementation of gender integration of the infantry. RAND researchers present a historical overview of the integration of women into the U.S. military and explore the importance of cohesion and what influences it. The gender integration experiences of foreign militaries, as well as those of domestic police and fire departments, are examined for insights on effective policies. The potential one-time and recurring costs associated with integration are estimated as well. The report culminates in a summary of previous monitoring efforts and broad strategic monitoring issues, as well as recommendations to the Marine Corps for implementation
    Note: "RAND National Defense Research Institute"--PDF back cover page , Includes bibliographical references (pages 173-186)
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  • 15
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    Assessing the potential to expand community college baccalaureate programs in Texas (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833089557 , 0833089552 , 9780833087355 , 0833087355
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Assessing the potential to expand community college baccalaureate programs in Texas
    DDC: 610.73071/1
    Keywords: Nursing Study and teaching ; Community colleges ; Nursing ; Community colleges ; Community colleges ; Nursing ; Study and teaching ; Texas ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Many workforce-development needs, particularly those requiring baccalaureate degrees, remain unmet in some areas of Texas. Employers and students are calling for additional programs to develop workplace skills and to provide opportunities for career advancement. On May 22, 2013, the Texas Legislature approved a bill mandating a study on whether community college baccalaureate degree programs should be expanded in Texas. The Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board asked the RAND Corporation to partner with the Texas Higher Education Policy Initiative to conduct the study. In this report, the authors assess unmet workforce-development needs in nursing and the applied sciences, assess the arguments for and against baccalaureate expansion, and recommend potential activities to support implementation of any new policies undertaken to expand community college baccalaureate programs. They find significant need for more baccalaureate nurses, although rapidly growing distance learning programs may be able to meet this need. The authors find varying needs for the four applied science occupations they examined: computer and information technology, management of fire sciences, management of production/operations technicians, and health information technology. While expanding community college baccalaureate degree programs could help meet unmet needs and increase degree attainment among students, there are concerns about costs, mission creep at community colleges, counterproductive competition between community colleges and universities, and a decline in the overall quality of a Texas baccalaureate. The authors discuss the inherent tradeoffs that policymakers face in this regard
    Abstract: Many workforce-development needs, particularly those requiring baccalaureate degrees, remain unmet in some areas of Texas. Employers and students are calling for additional programs to develop workplace skills and to provide opportunities for career advancement. On May 22, 2013, the Texas Legislature approved a bill mandating a study on whether community college baccalaureate degree programs should be expanded in Texas. The Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board asked the RAND Corporation to partner with the Texas Higher Education Policy Initiative to conduct the study. In this report, the authors assess unmet workforce-development needs in nursing and the applied sciences, assess the arguments for and against baccalaureate expansion, and recommend potential activities to support implementation of any new policies undertaken to expand community college baccalaureate programs. They find significant need for more baccalaureate nurses, although rapidly growing distance learning programs may be able to meet this need. The authors find varying needs for the four applied science occupations they examined: computer and information technology, management of fire sciences, management of production/operations technicians, and health information technology. While expanding community college baccalaureate degree programs could help meet unmet needs and increase degree attainment among students, there are concerns about costs, mission creep at community colleges, counterproductive competition between community colleges and universities, and a decline in the overall quality of a Texas baccalaureate. The authors discuss the inherent tradeoffs that policymakers face in this regard
    Note: "The research in this report was produced for the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board by RAND Education , "Prepared for the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board , Includes bibliographical references (pages 108-112) , Title from title screen (viewed on August 28, 2014)
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  • 16
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    Nutritional fitness and resilience : a review of relevant constructs, measures, and links to well-being (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833082602 , 0833090062 , 0833082604 , 9780833090065
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 69 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Project Air Force series on resiliency Nutritional fitness and resilience
    Parallel Title: Print version Floréz, Karen R Nutritional fitness and resilience
    Keywords: United States Airmen ; Health and hygiene ; United States Civilian employees ; Health and hygiene ; United States ; United States ; Resilience (Personality trait) ; Nutrition ; Diet ; Families of military personnel Health and hygiene ; Resilience (Personality trait) ; Nutrition ; Diet ; Families of military personnel ; Family Health ; Health ; Human Activities ; Military Personnel ; Named Groups ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Occupational Groups ; Persons ; Phenomena and Processes ; Physical Fitness ; Physiological Phenomena ; Population Characteristics ; Psychiatry and Psychology ; Psychological Phenomena and Processes ; Resilience, Psychological ; Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena ; Delivery of Health Care ; Nutrition ; Resilience (Personality trait) ; Medicine ; Health & Biological Sciences ; Military & Naval Medicine ; United States ; HISTORY ; Military ; Aviation ; Diet ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report is one of a series designed to support Air Force leaders in promoting resilience among its Airmen, civilian employees, and Air Force family members. It examines the relationship between nutritional fitness and resilience, using key constructs found in the scientific literature that address self-regulation, positive affect, perceived control, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and optimism. Supporting or increasing the levels of the key measures of nutritional fitness identified in this report may facilitate resilience and can protect Airmen, civilian employees, and Air Force families from the negative effects of stress. The report also reviews construct measures, well-being, and resilience outcomes as well as interventions designed to promote the nutritional fitness constructs
    Abstract: This report is one of a series designed to support Air Force leaders in promoting resilience among its Airmen, civilian employees, and Air Force family members. It examines the relationship between nutritional fitness and resilience, using key constructs found in the scientific literature that address self-regulation, positive affect, perceived control, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and optimism. Supporting or increasing the levels of the key measures of nutritional fitness identified in this report may facilitate resilience and can protect Airmen, civilian employees, and Air Force families from the negative effects of stress. The report also reviews construct measures, well-being, and resilience outcomes as well as interventions designed to promote the nutritional fitness constructs
    Note: "RAND Project AIR FORCE , Includes bibliographical references (pages 41-69)
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  • 17
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    Assessing alternative modifications to the Affordable Care Act : impact on individual market premiums and insurance coverage (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833089649 , 0833089641
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 pages)
    Keywords: United States ; United States ; Models, Economic ; Insurance, Health economics ; Health Insurance Exchanges legislation & jurisprudence ; Health Care Reform legislation & jurisprudence ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Public Policy ; Social Security ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Public Policy ; Social Services & Welfare ; Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (United States) ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report summarizes analysis in which the COMPARE microsimulation model was used to estimate how several potential changes to the ACA, including eliminating the individual mandate, eliminating the law's tax-credit subsidies, and combined scenarios that change these and other provisions of the act, might affect 2015 individual market premiums and overall insurance coverage. Underlying these estimates is our COMPARE-based analysis of how premiums and insurance coverage outcomes depend on young adults' propensity to enroll in insurance coverage
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen (viewed on February 24, 2015) , System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 18
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    The effectiveness of China's industrial policies in commercial aviation manufacturing (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833085849 , 0833085840
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 online resource)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Crane, Keith. The Effectiveness of China's Industrial Policies in Commercial Aviation Manufacturing
    Keywords: Aircraft industry Government policy ; Aeronautics, Commercial Government policy ; Aircraft industry ; Aeronautics, Commercial ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Industries ; General ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; Trade & Tariffs ; Aeronautics, Commercial ; Government policy ; Aircraft industry ; Government policy ; Business & Economics ; Transportation Economics ; China ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Chapter Two: China's Commercial Aircraft Manufacturing Industry -- Structure of China's Commercial Aviation Manufacturing Industry; Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC); Commercial Aircraft Company of China; The Development of China's Commercial Aviation Manufacturing Industry; History; Output and Employment; Technological Capabilities of China's Commercial Aviation Manufacturing Industry -- Chapter Three: China's Industrial Policy and Its Commercial Aircraft Manufacturing Industry -- Chinese Government Policy Goals; Chinese Policy Instruments; Setting Up National Champions; Providing Launch Aid; Compelling State-Owned Airlines to Purchase Chinese Aircraft; Targeting Orders to Foreign Manufacturers with Assembly Operations or Suppliers in China; Stipulating That Foreign Suppliers Enter into Joint Ventures with Chinese Partners; Acquisitions of Foreign Companies and Foreign Technologies; Encouraging Foreign Countries to Purchase Chinese Aircraft Through Diplomatic Suasion and the Provision of Loans
    Abstract: Chapter Two: China's Commercial Aircraft Manufacturing Industry -- Structure of China's Commercial Aviation Manufacturing Industry; Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC); Commercial Aircraft Company of China; The Development of China's Commercial Aviation Manufacturing Industry; History; Output and Employment; Technological Capabilities of China's Commercial Aviation Manufacturing Industry -- Chapter Three: China's Industrial Policy and Its Commercial Aircraft Manufacturing Industry -- Chinese Government Policy Goals; Chinese Policy Instruments; Setting Up National Champions; Providing Launch Aid; Compelling State-Owned Airlines to Purchase Chinese Aircraft; Targeting Orders to Foreign Manufacturers with Assembly Operations or Suppliers in China; Stipulating That Foreign Suppliers Enter into Joint Ventures with Chinese Partners; Acquisitions of Foreign Companies and Foreign Technologies; Encouraging Foreign Countries to Purchase Chinese Aircraft Through Diplomatic Suasion and the Provision of Loans
    Abstract: Chapter Five: Performance of the Chinese and U.S. Aircraft Manufacturing Industries -- China's Industry; Output; Exports; Employment; Imports; Technology; The U.S. Industry; Output; Exports; Employment; Technology; Competitive Position of the U.S. Industry -- Chapter Six: Net Assessment of the Effectiveness of China's Industrial Policies for Commercial Aviation Manufacturing -- Are Chinese Industrial Policies Likely to Be as Effective in the Commercial Aviation Manufacturing Industry as in Other Industries?; High-Speed Trains; Wind-Power Generation; Automobile Manufacturing; Lessons from These Three Sectors; Strengths and Weaknesses of China's Industry and Its Foreign Competitors; Technologies; Labor; Finance; Marketing; Net Assessment; Foreign Companies --Chapter Seven: Policy Implications -- Policy Implications for the United States and the European Union; China's Industrial Policies in Commercial Aviatioin Manufacturing and the WTO; State Subsidies; Government Procurement and Purchases of Aircraft; Stipulations on Foreign Investment; United States; European Union; Policy Options for the United States and the European Union; Implications for the Government of China -- Appendix: Domestic and Foreign Aviation Manufacturing Companies in China -- Bibliography
    Abstract: Chapter Five: Performance of the Chinese and U.S. Aircraft Manufacturing Industries -- China's Industry; Output; Exports; Employment; Imports; Technology; The U.S. Industry; Output; Exports; Employment; Technology; Competitive Position of the U.S. Industry -- Chapter Six: Net Assessment of the Effectiveness of China's Industrial Policies for Commercial Aviation Manufacturing -- Are Chinese Industrial Policies Likely to Be as Effective in the Commercial Aviation Manufacturing Industry as in Other Industries?; High-Speed Trains; Wind-Power Generation; Automobile Manufacturing; Lessons from These Three Sectors; Strengths and Weaknesses of China's Industry and Its Foreign Competitors; Technologies; Labor; Finance; Marketing; Net Assessment; Foreign Companies --Chapter Seven: Policy Implications -- Policy Implications for the United States and the European Union; China's Industrial Policies in Commercial Aviatioin Manufacturing and the WTO; State Subsidies; Government Procurement and Purchases of Aircraft; Stipulations on Foreign Investment; United States; European Union; Policy Options for the United States and the European Union; Implications for the Government of China -- Appendix: Domestic and Foreign Aviation Manufacturing Companies in China -- Bibliography
    Abstract: Preface; Figures and Tables; Summary; Abbreviations -- Chapter One: Introduction -- Purpose; Approach and Organization of This Report; Assessing the Performance of China's Commercial Aviation Industry; Identifying Chinese Government Policies; Determining Foreign Company Strategies; Assessing Shifts in Output in the Global Commercial Aviation Manufacturing Industry; Evaluating the Relative Effectiveness of Chinese Policies and Foreign Manufacturers' Strategies; Policy Implications for Foreign Governments and China's Government
    Note: "Rand environment, energy and economic development program , Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF title page (viewed on May 6, 2014)
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  • 19
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    The impact on federal spending of allowing the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act to expire (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833086198 , 0833086367 , 0833086197 , 9780833086365
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version LaTourrette, Tom, 1963- Impact on federal spending of allowing the terrorism risk insurance act to expire
    Keywords: United States Evaluation ; United States ; Risk management ; National security ; Terrorism Risk assessment ; Risk (Insurance) ; Terrorism insurance Evaluation ; Risk management ; National security ; Terrorism ; Risk (Insurance) ; Terrorism insurance ; National security ; Risk (Insurance) ; Risk management ; United States ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Disasters & Disaster Relief ; Evaluation ; Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 (United States) ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Congress enacted the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA) in 2002, in response to terrorism insurance becoming unavailable or, when offered, extremely costly in the wake of the 9/11 attacks. The law creates an incentive for a functioning private terrorism insurance market by providing a government reinsurance backstop for catastrophic terrorist attack losses. Extended first in 2005 and again in 2007, TRIA is set to expire at the end of 2014, and Congress is again considering the appropriate government role in terrorism insurance markets. This policy brief examines the potential federal spending implications of allowing TRIA to expire. Combining information on federal spending through TRIA, the influence of TRIA on the availability of terrorism insurance coverage, and the relationship between uninsured losses and federal disaster assistance spending, the authors find that, in the absence of a terrorist attack, TRIA costs taxpayers relatively little, and in the event of a terrorist attack comparable to any experienced before, it is expected to save taxpayers money
    Note: "RAND Corporation , "Policy Brief , "This work was conducted within RAND Center for Catastrophic Risk Management and Compensation ... part of RAND Justice, Infrastructure, and Environment"--Back cover , Caption title , Includes bibliographical references (pages 14-16)
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  • 20
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    Satellite anomalies : benefits of a centralized anomaly database and methods for securely sharing information among satellite operators (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833085863 , 0833089889 , 0833085867 , 9780833089885
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 1, 61 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Satellite anomalies
    Keywords: Artificial satellites Computer networks ; Artificial satellites ; Mechanical Engineering ; Aeronautics Engineering & Astronautics ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Infrastructure ; Engineering & Applied Sciences ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Satellite anomalies are mission-degrading events that negatively affect on-orbit operational spacecraft. All satellites experience anomalies of some kind during their operational lifetime. They range in severity from temporary errors in noncritical subsystems to loss-of-contact and complete mission failure. There is a range of causes for these anomalies, and investigations by the satellite operator or manufacturer to determine the cause of a specific anomaly are sometimes conducted at significant expense. Maintaining an anomaly database is one way to build an empirical understanding of what situations are more or less likely to result in satellite anomalies, and help determine causal relationships. These databases can inform future design and orbital regimes, and can help determine measures to prolong the useful life of an on-orbit spacecraft experiencing problems. However, there is no centralized, up-to-date, detailed, and broadly available database of anomalies covering many different satellites. This report describes the nature and causes of satellite anomalies, and the potential benefits of a shared and centralized satellite anomaly database. Findings indicate that a shared satellite anomaly database would bring significant benefits to the commercial community, and the main obstacles are reluctance to share detailed information with the broader community, as well as a lack of dedicated resources available to any trusted third party to build and manage such a database. Trusted third parties and cryptographic methods such as secure multiparty computing or differential privacy are not complete solutions, but show potential to be further tailored to help resolve the issue of securely sharing anomaly data
    Abstract: Satellite anomalies are mission-degrading events that negatively affect on-orbit operational spacecraft. All satellites experience anomalies of some kind during their operational lifetime. They range in severity from temporary errors in noncritical subsystems to loss-of-contact and complete mission failure. There is a range of causes for these anomalies, and investigations by the satellite operator or manufacturer to determine the cause of a specific anomaly are sometimes conducted at significant expense. Maintaining an anomaly database is one way to build an empirical understanding of what situations are more or less likely to result in satellite anomalies, and help determine causal relationships. These databases can inform future design and orbital regimes, and can help determine measures to prolong the useful life of an on-orbit spacecraft experiencing problems. However, there is no centralized, up-to-date, detailed, and broadly available database of anomalies covering many different satellites. This report describes the nature and causes of satellite anomalies, and the potential benefits of a shared and centralized satellite anomaly database. Findings indicate that a shared satellite anomaly database would bring significant benefits to the commercial community, and the main obstacles are reluctance to share detailed information with the broader community, as well as a lack of dedicated resources available to any trusted third party to build and manage such a database. Trusted third parties and cryptographic methods such as secure multiparty computing or differential privacy are not complete solutions, but show potential to be further tailored to help resolve the issue of securely sharing anomaly data
    Note: "RAND National Defense Research Institute , "This research was ... conducted within the Acquisition and Technology Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references (pages 55-61)
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  • 21
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    Assessing locally focused stability operations (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833085641 , 0833090003 , 0833085646 , 9780833090003
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxii, 97 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Osburg, Jan Assessing locally focused stability operations
    Keywords: Counterinsurgency ; Counterinsurgency ; United States ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Armed Forces ; Stability operations ; Military Science - General ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Security (National & International) ; Counterinsurgency ; United States Armed Forces ; Stability operations ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report describes how the Army and other services can better measure and assess the progress and outcomes of locally focused stability operations (LFSO), which are defined as the missions, tasks, and activities that build security, governance, and development by, with, and through the directly affected community, in order to increase stability at the local level. A number of issues related to assessing LFSO are identified, along with foundational challenges that include an inherently complex operational environment, limited doctrinal guidance, competing visions of stability, untested assumptions, and redundant or excessive reporting requirements. The report offers solutions to these and other challenges, and provides concrete recommendations and implementation-related guidance for designing and conducting assessments of LFSO. The report concludes with an assessment plan for a notional African LFSO scenario that illustrates the practical application of those insights
    Abstract: This report describes how the Army and other services can better measure and assess the progress and outcomes of locally focused stability operations (LFSO), which are defined as the missions, tasks, and activities that build security, governance, and development by, with, and through the directly affected community, in order to increase stability at the local level. A number of issues related to assessing LFSO are identified, along with foundational challenges that include an inherently complex operational environment, limited doctrinal guidance, competing visions of stability, untested assumptions, and redundant or excessive reporting requirements. The report offers solutions to these and other challenges, and provides concrete recommendations and implementation-related guidance for designing and conducting assessments of LFSO. The report concludes with an assessment plan for a notional African LFSO scenario that illustrates the practical application of those insights
    Note: "RAND Arroyo Center , "This research was sponsored by the Army's Asymmetric Warfare Group and was conducted within RAND Arroyo Center's Force Development and Technology Program"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references (pages 93-97)
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  • 22
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    Small business and strategic sourcing : lessons from past research and current data (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833082305 , 0833082078 , 0833082302 , 9780833082077
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xix, 51 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Moore, Nancy Y., 1947- Small business and strategic sourcing
    Keywords: United States Procurement ; United States ; Small business ; Strategic planning ; Government contractors ; Government purchasing ; Defense contracts ; Small business ; Strategic planning ; Government contractors ; Government purchasing ; Defense contracts ; Small business ; Strategic planning ; United States ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Outsourcing ; Armed Forces ; Procurement ; Defense contracts ; United States ; Government contractors ; Government purchasing ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The Department of Defense (DoD) may face challenges as it attempts to maintain its goal of spending about 23 percent of its prime-contract dollars for goods and services with small businesses and at the same time apply strategic-sourcing practices to reduce total costs and improve performance in ways that will not conflict with small-business goals while making DoD purchasing more effective and efficient. Strategic sourcing practices, for example, recommend consolidation of the supply base to reduce total costs, which can lead to fewer, larger, longer-term contracts with fewer and, often, larger suppliers
    Abstract: The Department of Defense (DoD) may face challenges as it attempts to maintain its goal of spending about 23 percent of its prime-contract dollars for goods and services with small businesses and at the same time apply strategic-sourcing practices to reduce total costs and improve performance in ways that will not conflict with small-business goals while making DoD purchasing more effective and efficient. Strategic sourcing practices, for example, recommend consolidation of the supply base to reduce total costs, which can lead to fewer, larger, longer-term contracts with fewer and, often, larger suppliers
    Note: "RAND National Defense Research Institute , "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , "This research was conducted within the Acquisition and Technology Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references (pages 47-51)
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    Energy-sector workforce development in southwestern Pennsylvania : aligning education and training with innovation and needed skills (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833088109 , 0833093223 , 0833088106 , 9780833093226
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiv, 54 pages)
    Series Statement: [Research report] RR-807-NETL
    Parallel Title: Print version Gonzalez, Gabriella Energy-sector workforce development in southwestern Pennsylvania
    Keywords: Energy industries Employees ; Supply and demand ; Energy industries Technological innovations ; Skilled labor Supply and demand ; Labor supply Effect of education on ; Energy industries Employees ; Training of ; Energy industries ; Energy industries ; Skilled labor ; Labor supply ; Energy industries ; Business & Economics ; Pennsylvania ; EDUCATION ; Higher ; Energy industries ; Employees ; Supply and demand ; Energy industries ; Technological innovations ; Labor supply ; Effect of education on ; Skilled labor ; Supply and demand ; Industries ; Electronic books
    Abstract: To address the challenges of ensuring a skilled, adaptable workforce for the energy sector in southwestern Pennsylvania, the National Energy Technology Laboratory asked the RAND Corporation to help determine how the postsecondary education and training system could meet the growing and shifting skill demands for semiskilled labor in the energy sector due to technological innovation through 2020. The study had four objectives: (1) document key technological innovations in the energy sector; (2) identify possible best practices of educational and training programs that have successfully responded to evolving labor markets in other sectors; (3) conduct a case-study analysis of four energy-sector education and training programs in southwestern Pennsylvania; and (4) provide recommendations for the energy-sector education and training system in southwestern Pennsylvania. This report documents the findings and makes recommendations for improvement
    Abstract: To address the challenges of ensuring a skilled, adaptable workforce for the energy sector in southwestern Pennsylvania, the National Energy Technology Laboratory asked the RAND Corporation to help determine how the postsecondary education and training system could meet the growing and shifting skill demands for semiskilled labor in the energy sector due to technological innovation through 2020. The study had four objectives: (1) document key technological innovations in the energy sector; (2) identify possible best practices of educational and training programs that have successfully responded to evolving labor markets in other sectors; (3) conduct a case-study analysis of four energy-sector education and training programs in southwestern Pennsylvania; and (4) provide recommendations for the energy-sector education and training system in southwestern Pennsylvania. This report documents the findings and makes recommendations for improvement
    Note: "The research reported here was conducted in the RAND Environment, Energy, and Economic Development Program ... part of RAND Justice, Infrastructure, and Environment"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references (pages 51-54)
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  • 24
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    Ready to serve : community-based provider capacity to deliver culturally competent, quality mental health care to veterans and their families (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833087683 , 0833089420 , 0833087681 , 9780833089427
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Tanielian, Terri L Ready to serve
    Keywords: Community mental health services ; Soldiers Mental health services ; Veterans Mental health services ; Mental health personnel ; Cultural competence ; Families of military personnel Services for ; Community mental health services ; Soldiers ; Veterans ; Mental health personnel ; Cultural competence ; Families of military personnel ; Veterans psychology ; Military Family psychology ; Quality of Health Care statistics & numerical data ; Culturally Competent Care statistics & numerical data ; Community Mental Health Services statistics & numerical data ; United States ; Community mental health services ; Cultural competence ; Families of military personnel ; Services for ; Mental health personnel ; Veterans ; Mental health services ; PSYCHOLOGY ; Psychopathology ; Depression ; United States ; Electronic books ; Statistics
    Abstract: Ensuring that military veterans and their families have access to high-quality mental health care is a national priority. Over the past several years, the Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs have increased the number of mental health professionals working within their facilities and have rolled out training and quality improvement initiatives designed to promote the use of evidence-based treatments. Despite these important efforts, research continues to demonstrate that many veterans prefer to seek services outside the Department of Defense and/or the Department of Veterans Affairs. Thus, providers working in the civilian sector are an increasingly important part of the overall workforce addressing veterans' mental health needs. To better understand a key aspect of our nation's ability to provide veterans and their families with access to high-quality mental health care, RAND conducted a survey of civilian mental health providers to gather information about their competency with military and veteran culture and their training and experience treating posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. This report provides the results of that survey. The findings and recommendations from this study should be relevant to individuals, organizations, and policy officials concerned about the capacity of the civilian health care sector to deliver culturally competent, high-quality services to veterans and their families
    Note: "This research was sponsored by the United Health Foundation in collaboration with the Military Officers Association of America and conducted within RAND Health"--Page 30 , Includes bibliographical references (pages 25-28)
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  • 25
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    DoD and commercial advanced waveform developments and programs with multiple Nunn-McCurdy breaches : Volume 5 (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833087348 , 0833090097 , 0833087347 , 9780833090096
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxvii, 112 pages)
    Keywords: United States Procurement ; Cost control ; United States ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Political Freedom ; Armed Forces ; Procurement ; Cost control ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The report presents the results of two studies: The first compares the capabilities and development approaches used in the Joint Tactical Radio System wideband networking waveform (WNW) and the commercial long-term evolution waveform, and the second analyzes military acquisition programs that have repeatedly exceeded certain cost thresholds. The first study compares differences in system designs, technical requirements, intellectual property protection schemes, and cost in the development of WNW. It also examined how technical risks and challenging requirements contributed to schedule and cost increases. The second study attempts to identify unique characteristics of programs that overrun their budgets more than once
    Note: "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , "This research was sponsored by the Performance Assessments and Root Cause Analysis (PARCA) office, in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, and conducted within the Acquisition and Technology Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , "RAND National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references (pages 109-112)
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    Management perspectives pertaining to Root Cause Analyses of Nunn-McCurdy Breaches : contractor motivations and anticipating breaches (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833087393 , 0833090089 , 0833087398 , 9780833090089
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxvi, 108 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Arena, Mark V Management perspectives pertaining to root cause analyses of Nunn-McCurdy breaches. Volume 6 : Contractor motivations and anticipating breaches
    Keywords: United States Procurement ; United States ; Government contractors ; Motivation (Psychology) ; Defense contracts Cost effectiveness ; Government contractors ; Motivation (Psychology) ; Defense contracts ; Government contractors ; United States ; Motivation (Psychology) ; Military & Naval Science ; United States ; Law, Politics & Government ; Armed Forces ; Procurement ; Armies ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Political Freedom ; Electronic books
    Abstract: With an eye to making defense acquisition more effective and efficient, the authors explore defense contractor motivations in pursuing defense contracts and identify mechanisms that might more closely align those incentives with Department of Defense goals. They enumerate several motivations that drive contractors, most of which center on the financial aspects of running an enterprise. Then, they turn to the other side of the negotiating table and identify areas of influence or levers that the government can use to align the contracting process more closely with contractor motivations. They also analyze major defense acquisition programs to determine if it is possible to identify programs that might incur a future Nunn-McCurdy breach by reviewing a number of acquisition programs that have incurred breaches in the past and analyzing them for common characteristics. Their analytic framework enables oversight officials to identify programs with a greater risk of incurring a critical cost breach, which enables officials to focus more intently on a smaller set of programs and which provides hypotheses about what to look for in these programs
    Abstract: With an eye to making defense acquisition more effective and efficient, the authors explore defense contractor motivations in pursuing defense contracts and identify mechanisms that might more closely align those incentives with Department of Defense goals. They enumerate several motivations that drive contractors, most of which center on the financial aspects of running an enterprise. Then, they turn to the other side of the negotiating table and identify areas of influence or levers that the government can use to align the contracting process more closely with contractor motivations. They also analyze major defense acquisition programs to determine if it is possible to identify programs that might incur a future Nunn-McCurdy breach by reviewing a number of acquisition programs that have incurred breaches in the past and analyzing them for common characteristics. Their analytic framework enables oversight officials to identify programs with a greater risk of incurring a critical cost breach, which enables officials to focus more intently on a smaller set of programs and which provides hypotheses about what to look for in these programs
    Note: "RAND National Defense Research Institute , "This research was sponsored by OSD PARCA and conducted within the Acquisition and Technology Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , Includes bibliographical references (pages 103-108)
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    Strategy-policy mismatch : how the U.S. Army can help close gaps in countering weapons of mass destruction (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833086310 , 0833089897 , 0833086316 , 9780833089892
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxv, 130 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Bonds, Tim, 1962- Strategy-policy mismatch
    Keywords: United States Operational readiness ; United States ; Military planning ; Weapons of mass destruction Government policy ; Military planning ; Weapons of mass destruction ; Weapons of mass destruction ; Government policy ; United States ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; Treaties ; Armed Forces ; Operational readiness ; Military planning ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Although two successive presidents have determined that weapons of mass destruction (WMD)--particularly nuclear weapons in the hands of violent extremists--pose the greatest threat to the American people, and have decided that countering their proliferation is a top strategic priority, neither administration has made countering WMD a priority when it comes to allocating budgetary resources to that overarching national mission. In the public domain, little analysis exists that assesses the capacity and capabilities required by military forces to conduct WMD elimination (WMD-E) operations. As a result, public discussion of what capabilities the military requires for such operations generally omits or gives short shrift to requirements for the WMD-E mission. The purpose of this report is to address and analyze those requirements, namely, the ground force capacity (force size) and capabilities (force structure) needed to accomplish WMD-E missions and tasks. In particular, these analyses provide an informed description of the types and size of U.S. Army forces required to conduct WMD-E operations in a wide range of situations
    Abstract: Although two successive presidents have determined that weapons of mass destruction (WMD)--particularly nuclear weapons in the hands of violent extremists--pose the greatest threat to the American people, and have decided that countering their proliferation is a top strategic priority, neither administration has made countering WMD a priority when it comes to allocating budgetary resources to that overarching national mission. In the public domain, little analysis exists that assesses the capacity and capabilities required by military forces to conduct WMD elimination (WMD-E) operations. As a result, public discussion of what capabilities the military requires for such operations generally omits or gives short shrift to requirements for the WMD-E mission. The purpose of this report is to address and analyze those requirements, namely, the ground force capacity (force size) and capabilities (force structure) needed to accomplish WMD-E missions and tasks. In particular, these analyses provide an informed description of the types and size of U.S. Army forces required to conduct WMD-E operations in a wide range of situations
    Note: "RAND Arroyo Center , "Prepared for the United States Army , Includes bibliographical references (pages 123-130)
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    The anesthesiologist workforce in 2013 : a final briefing to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833089793 , 083308979X
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 PDF file (xi, 85 pages)))
    Series Statement: Research report RR-650-ASAI
    DDC: 617.9/6092
    Keywords: Anesthesiologists Supply and demand ; Anesthesiologists Employment ; Anesthesiologists ; Anesthesiologists ; Anesthesiology manpower ; Health Workforce ; United States ; Anesthesiologists ; Supply and demand ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Important changes are taking place in the health care sector that have implications for future supply and demand of anesthesiologists including expansion of coverage, an aging population, greater movement of women into the physician workforce, increasing cost pressures, and shifting modes of delivery. To determine what the implications of these changes might be for the anesthesiologist workforce, RAND Corporation researchers conducted a national survey of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) members, who include more than 90 percent of all practicing anesthesiologists in the United States. This survey was a follow-up to a 2007 survey, also conducted by the RAND Corporation. The authors document large and persistent regional differences in anesthesiologists' practices. In addition, there were several large differences by gender. With regard to shortage, the survey reveals substantial evidence for variation in anesthesiologist shortages across states, from which the authors argue that certain areas of the country are experiencing shortages. However, the national level of shortage has decreased since 2007 by approximately 2,000 full-time-equivalent anesthesiologists. The authors estimate that midwestern and western states were more likely than states in other regions to have a shortage of anesthesiologists in 2013
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF title page
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    U.S. security-related agreements in force since 1955 : introducing a new database (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833087379 , 0833089587 , 0833087371 , 9780833089588
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxi, 62 pages + database)
    Series Statement: Report RR-736-AF
    Keywords: Database of U.S. security treaties and agreements ; Database of U.S. security treaties and agreements ; Information storage and retrieval systems Treaties ; Information storage and retrieval systems Status of forces agreements ; Status of forces agreements Databases ; National security Law and legislation ; Legal research ; Information storage and retrieval systems ; Information storage and retrieval systems ; Status of forces agreements ; National security ; Information storage and retrieval systems ; Status of forces agreements ; Law - U.S ; Law, Politics & Government ; Law - U.S. - General ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; Treaties ; United States ; Diplomatic relations ; Databases ; Treaties ; United States Treaties Foreign relations ; United States Databases Foreign relations ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Treaties and agreements are powerful foreign policy tools that the United States uses to build and solidify relationships with partners and to influence the behavior of other states. As a result, the overall U.S. portfolio of treaties and agreements can offer insight into the distribution and depth of U.S. commitments internationally, including its military commitments and 'presence' in a given country or region. However, despite their importance, there is currently no comprehensive record of current or historical security-related treaties signed by the United States that can be used for empirical analysis. To address the shortcomings in existing datasets and indexes to contribute to the study of U.S. security treaties and agreements, we have developed a new, more comprehensive treaty database that will enhance the ability of researchers to study the full portfolio of U.S. security agreements. This report discusses our approach to data collection and coding and also presents a summary of the database's content. Its appendixes define each individual variable used in the analysis. The database was developed as part of a larger project focused on estimating the economic value of U.S. military presence overseas. In the context of this larger project, the treaty database provided an alternative way to measure 'military presence.' In addition to using numbers of troops as a measure of presence, we also used numbers of security-related agreements, drawing on the information in the treaty database described in this report. This measure provided us with additional insight into the value and role of U.S. engagement and operations in overseas areas
    Abstract: Treaties and agreements are powerful foreign policy tools that the United States uses to build and solidify relationships with partners and to influence the behavior of other states. As a result, the overall U.S. portfolio of treaties and agreements can offer insight into the distribution and depth of U.S. commitments internationally, including its military commitments and 'presence' in a given country or region. However, despite their importance, there is currently no comprehensive record of current or historical security-related treaties signed by the United States that can be used for empirical analysis. To address the shortcomings in existing datasets and indexes to contribute to the study of U.S. security treaties and agreements, we have developed a new, more comprehensive treaty database that will enhance the ability of researchers to study the full portfolio of U.S. security agreements. This report discusses our approach to data collection and coding and also presents a summary of the database's content. Its appendixes define each individual variable used in the analysis. The database was developed as part of a larger project focused on estimating the economic value of U.S. military presence overseas. In the context of this larger project, the treaty database provided an alternative way to measure 'military presence.' In addition to using numbers of troops as a measure of presence, we also used numbers of security-related agreements, drawing on the information in the treaty database described in this report. This measure provided us with additional insight into the value and role of U.S. engagement and operations in overseas areas
    Note: "The accompanying CD ... contains an actual Excel database of treaties. The database does not include text, but includes titles, dates, and other classifications."--Email from author , "Prepared for the United States Air Force , "RAND Project AIR FORCE , Includes bibliographical references (pages 59-62)
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    The future of the U.S. intercontinental ballistic missile force (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833076236 , 083307623X , 9780833076267 , 0833076264 , 9780833076274 , 0833076280 , 0833076272 , 9780833076281
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxvii, 156 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation monograph series
    Series Statement: Rand Project Air Force
    Parallel Title: Print version Caston, Lauren Future of the U.S. intercontinental ballistic missile force
    Keywords: Intercontinental ballistic missiles ; Minuteman (Missile) ; Intercontinental ballistic missiles ; Minuteman (Missile) ; Law, Politics & Government ; Air Forces ; Military & Naval Science ; United States ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Intercontinental ballistic missiles ; Minuteman (Missile) ; Electronic books
    Abstract: In the lead-up to the Air Force Ground Based Strategic Deterrent Analysis of Alternatives, RAND was asked to examine and assess possible intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) alternatives against the current Minuteman III system and to provide insights into the potential impact of further force reductions. The researchers developed a framework consisting of five categories - basing, propulsion, boost, reentry, and payload - to characterize alternative classes of ICBM and to assess the survivability and effectiveness of possible alternatives. Using existing cost analyses and cost data from historical ICBM programs, they derived likely cost bounds on alternative classes of ICBM systems. Finally, they developed force reduction scenarios, examined their impacts on several key nuclear specialty career fields to understand the implications of reductions on the current organizational structure, and compared sustainment and requirement profiles within the various reduction scenarios
    Abstract: In the lead-up to the Air Force Ground Based Strategic Deterrent Analysis of Alternatives, RAND was asked to examine and assess possible intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) alternatives against the current Minuteman III system and to provide insights into the potential impact of further force reductions. The researchers developed a framework consisting of five categories - basing, propulsion, boost, reentry, and payload - to characterize alternative classes of ICBM and to assess the survivability and effectiveness of possible alternatives. Using existing cost analyses and cost data from historical ICBM programs, they derived likely cost bounds on alternative classes of ICBM systems. Finally, they developed force reduction scenarios, examined their impacts on several key nuclear specialty career fields to understand the implications of reductions on the current organizational structure, and compared sustainment and requirement profiles within the various reduction scenarios
    Note: "Approved for public release; distribution unlimited , Includes bibliographical references (pages 149-156)
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    How do we know what information sharing is really worth? : exploring methodologies to measure the value of information sharing and fusion efforts (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833083869 , 0833083872 , 0833083864 , 9780833083876
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Jackson, Brian A., 1972- How do we know what information sharing is really worth?
    Keywords: Selective dissemination of information ; Intelligence service ; Information policy ; Communication in law enforcement ; Government information Access control ; Terrorism Prevention ; Domestic intelligence ; Exchange of government information ; Selective dissemination of information ; Intelligence service ; Information policy ; Communication in law enforcement ; Government information ; Terrorism ; Domestic intelligence ; Exchange of government information ; Selective dissemination of information ; Terrorism ; Prevention ; United States ; COMPUTERS ; Internet ; Security ; Communication in law enforcement ; Domestic intelligence ; Exchange of government information ; Government information ; Access control ; Information policy ; Intelligence service ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the sharing of intelligence and law enforcement information has been a central part of U.S. domestic security efforts. Though much of the public debate about such sharing focuses on addressing the threat of terrorism, organizations at all levels of government routinely share varied types of information through multiagency information systems, collaborative groups, and other links. Given resource constraints, there are concerns about the effectiveness of information-sharing and fusion activities and, therefore, their value relative to the public funds invested in them. Solid methods for evaluating these efforts are lacking, however, limiting the ability to make informed policy decisions. Drawing on a substantial literature review and synthesis, this report lays out the challenges of evaluating information-sharing efforts that frequently seek to achieve multiple goals simultaneously; reviews past evaluations of information-sharing programs; and lays out a path to improving the evaluation of such efforts going forward
    Note: "RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center , "This research was conducted within the RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center ... a joint center of two research divisions: RAND Justice, Infrastructure, and Environment, and the RAND National Security Research Division"--Back cover , "RAND Corporation research report series."--Web Page (PDF) , "RR-380-OSD"--Page 31 , Caption title , Includes bibliographical references (pages 27-30)
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    Mexico is not Colombia : alternative historical analogies for responding to the challenge of violent drug-trafficking organizations (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833084415 , 0833084410 , 9780833084439 , 0833084437 , 9780833084422 , 9780833084408
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (191 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Paul, Christopher, 1971- Mexico is not Colombia
    Keywords: Drug control ; Internal security ; Insurgency ; Drug traffic ; Violent crimes ; Violence ; Drug control ; Internal security ; Insurgency ; Drug traffic ; Violent crimes ; Violence ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; General ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Criminology ; Drug control ; Drug traffic ; Insurgency ; Internal security ; Violence ; Violent crimes ; Substance Abuse ; Social Welfare & Social Work ; Social Sciences ; Mexico ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Infrastructure ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "Despite the scope of the threat they pose to Mexico's security, violent drug-trafficking organizations are not well understood, and optimal strategies to combat them have not been identified. While there is no perfectly analogous case from history, Mexico stands to benefit from historical lessons and efforts that were correlated with improvement in countries facing similar challenges related to violence and corruption"--Provided by publisher
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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    Developing a research strategy for suicide prevention in the Department of Defense : status of current research, prioritizing areas of need, and recommendations for moving forward (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833087720 , 083308772X , 9780833087737 , 0833087746 , 0833087738 , 0833087711 , 9780833087713 , 9780833087744
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 online resource)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ramchand, Rajeev Developing a research strategy for suicide prevention in the Department of Defense
    Keywords: United States Personnel management ; Research ; United States ; Suicide Prevention ; Government policy ; Military research ; Suicide Prevention ; Research ; Psychology, Military ; Suicide ; Military research ; Suicide ; Psychology, Military ; Military research ; Personnel management ; Research ; Psychology, Military ; Suicide ; Prevention ; Government policy ; Military Science - General ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; United States ; United States ; PSYCHOLOGY ; Suicide ; United States Armed Forces ; Mental health services ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The study indexed each of 12 research goals according to rankings of importance, effectiveness, cultural acceptability, cost, and learning potential provided by experts who participated in a multistep elicitation exercise. The results revealed that research funding is overwhelmingly allocated to prevention goals already considered by experts to be effective. Other goals considered by experts to be important and appropriate for the military context receive relatively little funding and have been the subject of relatively few studies, meaning that there is still much to learn about these strategies. Furthermore, DoD, like other organizations, suffers from a research-to-practice gap. The most promising results from studies funded by DoD and other entities do not always find their way to those responsible for implementing suicide prevention programs that serve military personnel
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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    National security perspectives on terrorism risk insurance in the United States (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833085382 , 0833085387 , 9780833085351 , 0833085352
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Willis, Henry H National security perspectives on terrorism risk insurance in the United States
    Keywords: United States Evaluation ; United States ; Terrorism History 21st century ; Terrorism Risk assessment ; Risk management Evaluation ; Risk (Insurance) Evaluation ; Terrorism insurance Evaluation ; Terrorism ; Terrorism ; Risk management ; Risk (Insurance) ; Terrorism insurance ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Insurance ; General ; United States ; History ; Evaluation ; Risk management ; Evaluation ; Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 (United States) ; Terrorism ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Congress enacted the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA) in 2002, in response to terrorism insurance becoming unavailable or, when offered, extremely costly in the wake of the 9/11 attacks. The law provides a government reinsurance backstop in the case of a terrorist attack by providing mechanisms for avoiding an immediate drawdown of capital for insured losses or possibly covering the most extreme losses. Extended first in 2005 and again in 2007, TRIA is set to expire at the end of 2014, and Congress is again reconsidering the appropriate government role in terrorism insurance markets. This policy brief examines the potential national security implications of allowing TRIA to expire. Examining the history of terrorism in the United States since the passage of TRIA and reviewing counterterrorism studies, the authors find that terrorism remains a real national security threat, but one that is very difficult for insurers to model the risk of. They also find that terrorism risk insurance can contribute to making communities more resilient to terrorism events, so, to the extent that terrorism insurance is more available with TRIA than without it, renewing the legislation would contribute to improved national security
    Note: "Policy Brief , "This work was conducted within the RAND Center for Catastrophic Risk Management and Compensation ... part of RAND Justice, Infrastructure, and Environment"--Back cover , "RAND Corporation , Caption title , Includes bibliographical references (pages 19-21)
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    Soldier-portable battery supply : foreign dependence and policy options (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833084033 , 0833086022 , 0833084038 , 9780833086020
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Silberglitt, R.S. (Richard S.) Soldier-portable battery supply
    Keywords: United States Procurement ; United States ; Business logistics ; Lithium cells ; Battery industry ; Business logistics ; Lithium cells ; Battery industry ; Battery industry ; Business logistics ; United States ; Lithium cells ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Armed Forces ; Procurement ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Batteries are a ubiquitous presence in equipment carried by soldiers and critical to the performance of electronic devices such as radios, computers, night-vision goggles, and laser range finders. These batteries are supplied by a variety of firms, and mostly assembled from cells that are acquired through a supply chain that is driven by commercial applications to mobile phones, laptop computers, tablets, and other electronic devices, and is predominately based in Asia. RAND found that government researchers and program managers and representatives of military battery suppliers have concerns associated with this foreign-dependent supply chain. The report discusses alternative policy options to address these concerns, without evaluating the benefits versus costs of these policy options
    Note: "RAND Corporation , "RR-500-OSD"--Page 4 of cover , "This study was ... conducted within the Acquisition and Technology Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Back cover , Caption title , Includes bibliographical references (pages 20-22)
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  • 36
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    Access to behavioral health care for geographically remote service members and dependents in the U.S (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833087294 , 0833087320 , 0833087312 , 0833087304 , 0833087290 , 9780833087300 , 9780833087317 , 9780833087324
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 online resource)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Brown, Ryan Andrew Access to behavioral health care for geographically remote service members and dependents in the U.S
    Keywords: Soldiers Mental health services ; Evaluation ; Soldiers ; Military dependents Mental health services ; Evaluation ; Rural health ; Needs assessment ; Military dependents ; Rural health ; Needs assessment ; Veterans Mental health services ; Evaluation ; Mental Health Services ; Military Personnel ; Family ; Health Services Accessibility ; Rural Population ; Rural health ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Human Resources & Personnel Management ; HISTORY ; Military ; Other ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Armed Forces ; Medical care ; United States ; Needs assessment ; United States Armed Forces ; Mental health services ; Evaluation ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: With many service members now returning to the United States from the recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, concern over adequate access to behavioral health care (treatment for mental, behavioral, or addictive disorders) has risen. Yet data remain very sparse regarding how many service members (and their dependents) reside in locations remote from behavioral health providers, as well as the resulting effect on their access to and utilization of care. Little is also known about the effectiveness of existing policies and other efforts to improve access to services among this population. To help fill these gaps, a team of RAND researchers conducted a geospatial analysis using TRICARE and other data, finding that roughly 300,000 military service members and 1 million dependents are geographically distant from behavioral health care, and an analysis of claims data indicated that remoteness is associated with lower use of specialty behavioral health care. A review of existing policies and programs discovered guidelines for access to care, but no systematic monitoring of adherence to those guidelines, limiting their value. RAND researchers recommend implementing a geospatial data portal and monitoring system to track access to care in the military population and mark progress toward improvements in access to care. In addition, the RAND team highlighted two promising pathways for improving access to care among remote military populations: telehealth and collaborative care that integrates primary care with specialty behavioral care
    Abstract: Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Preface; Contents; Figures; Tables; Summary; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; CHAPTER ONE: Introduction; CHAPTER TWO: Scope of the Problem: How Many Service Members and Dependents Are Remote, and Who Are They?; Data Sources for Location of Service Members and Providers; A Working Definition of Remoteness; Data Analysis: Implementing the Remoteness Definition; Summary; CHAPTER THREE: Effects of Remoteness on Civilian Behavioral Health Care Use; Rural and Urban Differences in Use of Behavioral Health Care; Analysis of the National Survey of Drug Use and Health
    Abstract: Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Preface; Contents; Figures; Tables; Summary; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; CHAPTER ONE: Introduction; CHAPTER TWO: Scope of the Problem: How Many Service Members and Dependents Are Remote, and Who Are They?; Data Sources for Location of Service Members and Providers; A Working Definition of Remoteness; Data Analysis: Implementing the Remoteness Definition; Summary; CHAPTER THREE: Effects of Remoteness on Civilian Behavioral Health Care Use; Rural and Urban Differences in Use of Behavioral Health Care; Analysis of the National Survey of Drug Use and Health
    Abstract: With many service members now returning to the United States from the recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, concern over adequate access to behavioral health care (treatment for mental, behavioral, or addictive disorders) has risen. Yet data remain very sparse regarding how many service members (and their dependents) reside in locations remote from behavioral health providers, as well as the resulting effect on their access to and utilization of care. Little is also known about the effectiveness of existing policies and other efforts to improve access to services among this population. To help fill these gaps, a team of RAND researchers conducted a geospatial analysis using TRICARE and other data, finding that roughly 300,000 military service members and 1 million dependents are geographically distant from behavioral health care, and an analysis of claims data indicated that remoteness is associated with lower use of specialty behavioral health care. A review of existing policies and programs discovered guidelines for access to care, but no systematic monitoring of adherence to those guidelines, limiting their value. RAND researchers recommend implementing a geospatial data portal and monitoring system to track access to care in the military population and mark progress toward improvements in access to care. In addition, the RAND team highlighted two promising pathways for improving access to care among remote military populations: telehealth and collaborative care that integrates primary care with specialty behavioral care
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 37
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    Mental health stigma in the military (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833085047 , 0833089994 , 0833085042 , 9780833089991
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxxii, 296 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Acosta, Joie D Mental health stigma in the military
    Keywords: Stigma (Social psychology) ; Soldiers Mental health services ; Evaluation ; Mental health policy ; Stigma (Social psychology) ; Soldiers ; Mental health policy ; Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment ; Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena ; Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms ; Behavior ; Behavioral Disciplines and Activities ; Delivery of Health Care ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Health Care Economics and Organizations ; Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms ; Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services ; Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation ; Health Services ; Investigative Techniques ; Mental Health Services ; Military Personnel ; Named Groups ; Occupational Groups ; Persons ; Policy ; Psychiatry and Psychology ; Public Policy ; Quality of Health Care ; Social Behavior ; Social Control Policies ; Social Control, Formal ; Social Sciences ; Social Stigma ; Sociology ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Administration ; Military & Naval Science ; United States ; HISTORY ; Military ; Veterans ; Mental health policy ; Stigma (Social psychology) ; United States Armed Forces ; Mental health services ; Evaluation ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Despite the efforts of both the U.S. Department of Defense and the Veterans Health Administration to enhance mental health services, many service members are not regularly seeking needed care when they have mental health problems. Without appropriate treatment, these mental health problems can have wide-ranging and negative impacts on the quality of life and the social, emotional, and cognitive functioning of affected service members. The services have been actively engaged in developing policies, programs, and campaigns designed to reduce stigma and increase service members' help-seeking behavior. However, there has been no comprehensive assessment of these efforts' effectiveness and the extent to which they align with service members' needs or evidence-based practices. The goal of this research was to assess DoD's approach to stigma reduction, how well it is working and how it might be improved. To address these questions, RAND researchers used five complementary methods: (1) literature review, (2) a microsimulation modeling of costs, (3) interviews with program staff, (4) prospective policy analysis, and (5) an expert panel. The priorities outlined in this report identify ways in which program and policy development and research and evaluation can improve understanding of how best to efficiently and effectively provide needed treatment to service members with mental illness
    Abstract: Despite the efforts of both the U.S. Department of Defense and the Veterans Health Administration to enhance mental health services, many service members are not regularly seeking needed care when they have mental health problems. Without appropriate treatment, these mental health problems can have wide-ranging and negative impacts on the quality of life and the social, emotional, and cognitive functioning of affected service members. The services have been actively engaged in developing policies, programs, and campaigns designed to reduce stigma and increase service members' help-seeking behavior. However, there has been no comprehensive assessment of these efforts' effectiveness and the extent to which they align with service members' needs or evidence-based practices. The goal of this research was to assess DoD's approach to stigma reduction, how well it is working and how it might be improved. To address these questions, RAND researchers used five complementary methods: (1) literature review, (2) a microsimulation modeling of costs, (3) interviews with program staff, (4) prospective policy analysis, and (5) an expert panel. The priorities outlined in this report identify ways in which program and policy development and research and evaluation can improve understanding of how best to efficiently and effectively provide needed treatment to service members with mental illness
    Note: "RR-426-OSD"--Page 4 of cover , Includes bibliographical references (pages 231-296)
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  • 38
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    Armed and dangerous? : UAVs and U.S. security (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833085887 , 0833086340 , 0833085883 , 9780833086341
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series RR-449-RC
    Parallel Title: Print vversion Davis, Lynn E. (Lynn Etheridge), 1943- Armed and dangerous?
    Keywords: Technology Risk assessment ; National security ; Military art and science Technological innovations ; Arms control ; Drone aircraft Risk assessment ; Technology ; National security ; Military art and science ; Arms control ; Drone aircraft ; Technology ; Risk assessment ; United States ; Military art and science ; Technological innovations ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; Arms Control ; Arms control ; National security ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Armed drones are making the headlines, especially in their role in targeted killings. In this report, RAND researchers stepped back and asked whether these weapons are transformative. The answer is no, though they offer significant capabilities to their users, especially in counterterrorism operations as has been the case for the United States. Will they proliferate? Yes, but upon a closer look at the types of systems, only a few rich countries will be in a position to develop the higher technology and longer range systems. U.S. adversaries and others will likely find weapons such as aircraft and air defenses more cost and militarily effective. Their proliferation will not create the kinds of global dangers that call for new arms control efforts, but the risks to regional stability cannot be dismissed entirely, as is the case of any conventional weapon. How the United States will use these weapons today and into the future will be important in shaping a broader set of international norms that discourage their misuse by others
    Note: "RAND Corporation , Caption title , Includes bibliographical references (pages 26-30)
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  • 39
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    The future of driving in developing countries (2014)
    Santa Monica, Calif : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833086044 , 0833089811 , 0833086049 , 9780833089816
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 115 pages)
    Series Statement: Technical report RR-636-ifmo
    Parallel Title: Print version Ecola, Liisa Future of driving in developing countries
    Keywords: Automobile driving Forecasting ; Automobile driving ; Developing countries ; Business & Economics ; Automobile driving ; Forecasting ; COMPUTERS ; Data Modeling & Design ; Transportation Economics ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The level of automobility, defined as travel in personal vehicles, is often seen as a function of income: The higher a country's per capita income, the greater the amount of driving. However, levels of automobility vary quite substantially between countries even at similar levels of economic development. This suggests that countries follow different mobility paths. The research detailed in this report sought to answer three questions: What are the factors besides economic development that affect automobility? What is their influence on automobility? What will happen to automobility in developing countries if they progress along similar paths as developed countries? To answer these questions, the authors developed a methodology to identify these factors, model their impact on developed countries, and forecast automobility (as defined by per capita vehicle-kilometers traveled [VKT]) in four developing countries. This methodology draws on quantitative analysis of historical automobility development in four country case studies (the United States, Australia, Germany, and Japan) that represent very different levels of per capita automobility, in combination with data derived from an expert-based qualitative approach. The authors used the latter to assess how these experiences may affect the future of automobility in the BRIC countries: Brazil, Russia, India, and China. According to this analysis, automobility levels in the four BRIC countries will fall between those of the United States (which has the highest per capita VKT level of the four case studies) and Japan (which has the lowest). Brazil is forecasted to have the highest per capita VKT and India the lowest
    Abstract: The level of automobility, defined as travel in personal vehicles, is often seen as a function of income: The higher a country's per capita income, the greater the amount of driving. However, levels of automobility vary quite substantially between countries even at similar levels of economic development. This suggests that countries follow different mobility paths. The research detailed in this report sought to answer three questions: What are the factors besides economic development that affect automobility? What is their influence on automobility? What will happen to automobility in developing countries if they progress along similar paths as developed countries? To answer these questions, the authors developed a methodology to identify these factors, model their impact on developed countries, and forecast automobility (as defined by per capita vehicle-kilometers traveled [VKT]) in four developing countries. This methodology draws on quantitative analysis of historical automobility development in four country case studies (the United States, Australia, Germany, and Japan) that represent very different levels of per capita automobility, in combination with data derived from an expert-based qualitative approach. The authors used the latter to assess how these experiences may affect the future of automobility in the BRIC countries: Brazil, Russia, India, and China. According to this analysis, automobility levels in the four BRIC countries will fall between those of the United States (which has the highest per capita VKT level of the four case studies) and Japan (which has the lowest). Brazil is forecasted to have the highest per capita VKT and India the lowest
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 108-113) , Title from PDF title page (viewed on August 13, 2014)
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  • 40
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    Cruise missile penaid nonproliferation : hindering the spread of countermeasures against cruise missile defenses (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833087706 , 0833089560 , 0833087703 , 9780833089564
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 51 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Speier, Richard Cruise missile penaid nonproliferation
    Keywords: Cruise missiles ; Antimissile missiles ; Technology transfer ; Arms control ; Export controls ; Cruise missiles ; Antimissile missiles ; Technology transfer ; Arms control ; Export controls ; Arms control ; Cruise missiles ; Export controls ; Technology transfer ; Law, Politics & Government ; International Relations ; HISTORY ; Military ; Weapons ; Antimissile missiles ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) becomes a greater threat when accompanied by the proliferation of effective means of delivery. The threat of one means of delivery, cruise missiles, will increase if proliferators can acquire effective countermeasures against missile defenses. Such countermeasures, when incorporated in an attacker's missile, are known as penetration aids or penaids. As proliferator nations acquire ballistic and cruise missiles for this purpose, it will be important to establish effective measures to counter WMD attacks. This research was designed to assist U.S. agencies charged with generating policies to discourage the proliferation of WMD and cruise missile delivery systems, thereby strengthening deterrence. Specifically, it recommends controls on potential exports of penaid-related items according to the structure of the current international policy against missile proliferation, the Missile Technology Control Regime. The recommendations account for 18 classes of such items and are based on structured interviews with government and nongovernment experts, as well as an independent technical assessment to develop a preliminary characterization of the technologies and equipment most critical to the emerging penaid threat. The project also brought together a selected group of experts to participate in a workshop to review the initial characterization of penaid technologies and equipment
    Abstract: Preface. -- Summary. -- Acknowledgments. -- Cruise missile penaid nonproliferation. -- The missile technology control regime. -- Items proposed for penaid export controls. -- Implementing penaid export constrols. -- Concluding observations. -- References
    Abstract: The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) becomes a greater threat when accompanied by the proliferation of effective means of delivery. The threat of one means of delivery, cruise missiles, will increase if proliferators can acquire effective countermeasures against missile defenses. Such countermeasures, when incorporated in an attacker's missile, are known as penetration aids or penaids. As proliferator nations acquire ballistic and cruise missiles for this purpose, it will be important to establish effective measures to counter WMD attacks. This research was designed to assist U.S. agencies charged with generating policies to discourage the proliferation of WMD and cruise missile delivery systems, thereby strengthening deterrence. Specifically, it recommends controls on potential exports of penaid-related items according to the structure of the current international policy against missile proliferation, the Missile Technology Control Regime. The recommendations account for 18 classes of such items and are based on structured interviews with government and nongovernment experts, as well as an independent technical assessment to develop a preliminary characterization of the technologies and equipment most critical to the emerging penaid threat. The project also brought together a selected group of experts to participate in a workshop to review the initial characterization of penaid technologies and equipment
    Note: "Prepared for the Naval Postgraduate School, Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Combating WMD , Includes bibliographical references (pages 49-51)
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  • 41
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    Veteran employment : lessons from the 100,000 Jobs Mission (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833088147 , 0833089382 , 0833088149 , 9780833089380
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 45 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Hall, Kimberly Curry Veteran employment
    Keywords: Veterans Services for ; Veterans Employment ; Veterans ; Veterans ; Military Administration ; United States ; Veterans ; Services for ; Military & Naval Science ; LAW ; Labor & Employment ; Law, Politics & Government ; Veterans ; Employment ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Eleven companies cofounded the 100,000 Jobs Mission in 2011 to promote veteran employment, with a goal of hiring 100,000 veterans by 2020. The coalition has grown to over 175 companies, which have exceeded the initial goal and are now on track to hire 200,000 veterans by the end of 2014. These companies represent nearly every U.S. industry and vary in size, geographic location, and in the types of veterans they hire. Reflecting on the first three years of operation, JPMorgan Chase & Co. asked the RAND Corporation to capture the lessons and experiences from the 100,000 Jobs Mission to identify further improvements to veteran employment opportunities. RAND researchers conducted qualitative interviews with representatives of a sample of member companies, delving into the ways they recruit and hire veterans, help veterans transition into their new jobs, and manage and develop veteran employees and the value veterans bring as employees. Interviewees pointed out that veterans are most noted for their leadership skills and teamwork; for their flexibility and ability to work in a fast-paced, changing environment without undue stress; for their dependability, integrity, and loyalty; and for their experience working in a culturally diverse or global environment. This research also explored the challenges to hiring and employing veterans and provides recommendations to assist employers and promote veteran employment opportunities more broadly
    Abstract: Eleven companies cofounded the 100,000 Jobs Mission in 2011 to promote veteran employment, with a goal of hiring 100,000 veterans by 2020. The coalition has grown to over 175 companies, which have exceeded the initial goal and are now on track to hire 200,000 veterans by the end of 2014. These companies represent nearly every U.S. industry and vary in size, geographic location, and in the types of veterans they hire. Reflecting on the first three years of operation, JPMorgan Chase & Co. asked the RAND Corporation to capture the lessons and experiences from the 100,000 Jobs Mission to identify further improvements to veteran employment opportunities. RAND researchers conducted qualitative interviews with representatives of a sample of member companies, delving into the ways they recruit and hire veterans, help veterans transition into their new jobs, and manage and develop veteran employees and the value veterans bring as employees. Interviewees pointed out that veterans are most noted for their leadership skills and teamwork; for their flexibility and ability to work in a fast-paced, changing environment without undue stress; for their dependability, integrity, and loyalty; and for their experience working in a culturally diverse or global environment. This research also explored the challenges to hiring and employing veterans and provides recommendations to assist employers and promote veteran employment opportunities more broadly
    Note: "This research was sponsored by JPMorgan Chase & Co. and conducted within RAND Labor and Population"--Page 45 , "RAND Labor and Population , Includes bibliographical references (pages 41-43)
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  • 42
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    Measuring hard-to-measure student competencies : a research and development plan (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833088062 , 0833089323 , 0833088068 , 9780833089328
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvii, 84 pages)
    Keywords: Competency-based education ; Competency-based education ; Competency-based education ; Education ; Social Sciences ; Theory & Practice of Education ; EDUCATION ; Evaluation & Assessment ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Efforts to prepare students for college, careers, and civic engagement have traditionally emphasized academic skills, but a growing body of research suggests that interpersonal and intrapersonal competencies, such as communication and resilience, are important predictors of postsecondary success and citizenship. One of the major challenges in designing educational interventions to support these outcomes is a lack of high-quality measures that could help educators, students, parents, and others understand how students perform and monitor their development over time. This report provides guidelines to promote thoughtful development of practical, high-quality measures of interpersonal and intrapersonal competencies that practitioners and policymakers can use to improve valued outcomes for students
    Note: "RAND Education , Includes bibliographical references (pages 81-84)
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  • 43
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    Transforming an urban school system : progress of New Haven School Change and New Haven Promise education reforms (2010-2013) (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833089342 , 083308948X , 083308738X , 083308934X , 9780833087386 , 9780833089489
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxv, 144 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Gonzalez, Gabriella Transforming an urban school system
    Keywords: Scholarships ; College-school cooperation ; Educational change Evaluation ; Public schools Evaluation ; Incentive awards ; Community and school ; Motivation in education ; Scholarships ; College-school cooperation ; Educational change ; Public schools ; Incentive awards ; Community and school ; Motivation in education ; Education ; Social Sciences ; History of Education ; Connecticut ; New Haven ; Connecticut ; EDUCATION ; Teaching Methods & Materials ; Arts & Humanities ; College-school cooperation ; Community and school ; Educational change ; Evaluation ; Incentive awards ; Motivation in education ; Public schools ; Evaluation ; Scholarships ; Electronic books
    Abstract: In 2009, the City of New Haven and New Haven Public Schools (NHPS) announced a sweeping K-12 educational reform, New Haven School Change. The district had three primary goals for School Change: (1) close the gap between the performance of NHPS students' and Connecticut students' averages on state tests, (2) cut the high school dropout rate in half, and (3) ensure that every graduating student has the academic ability and the financial resources to attend and succeed in college. Concurrent with School Change, the City of New Haven partnered with the Community Foundation for Greater New Haven, NHPS, and Yale University in 2010 to create New Haven Promise, a scholarship program that aims to improve the college-going culture in the city and postsecondary enrollment and graduation rates of NHPS graduates as a way to enhance the economic development of the city, attract more residents to New Haven, reduce crime and incarceration, and improve residents' quality of life. The 2010-2011 school year marked the first year of a staged implementation for both efforts. In June 2013, the New Haven Promise Board of Directors asked the RAND Corporation to conduct a study to document and describe baseline conditions and early progress of these programs. Researchers worked with state and district data and conducted interviews with Promise Scholars and parents to document early trends and possible areas for improvement. This report and its companion volume document the resulting study
    Note: "RAND Education , Includes bibliographical references (pages 139-144)
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    Psychological fitness and resilience : a review of relevant constructs, measures, and links to well-being (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833085689 , 0833085689 , 9780833080769 , 0833080768
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 48 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Project Air Force series on resiliency
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Robson, Sean Psychological fitness and resilience
    Keywords: Families of military personnel Health and hygiene ; Resilience (Personality trait) ; Psychology, Military ; Adjustment (Psychology) ; Airmen Health and hygiene ; Stress management ; Families of military personnel ; Resilience (Personality trait) ; Psychology, Military ; Adjustment (Psychology) ; Airmen ; Stress management ; Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms ; Behavior ; Behavioral Disciplines and Activities ; Behavioral Symptoms ; Military Personnel ; Named Groups ; Occupational Groups ; Personality Assessment ; Persons ; Psychiatry and Psychology ; Psychological Phenomena and Processes ; Psychophysiology ; Resilience, Psychological ; Stress, Psychological ; Adjustment (Psychology) ; Psychology, Military ; Resilience (Personality trait) ; Stress management ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Engineering ; MEDICAL ; Preventive Medicine ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report is one of a series designed to support Air Force leaders in promoting resilience among its Airmen, civilian employees, and Air Force family members. It examines the relationship between physical fitness and resilience, using key constructs found in the scientific literature that address self-regulation, positive affect, perceived control, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and optimism. Supporting or increasing the levels of the key measures of psychological fitness identified in this report may facilitate resilience and can protect Airmen, civilian employees, and Air Force families from the negative effects of stress. The report also reviews construct measures, well-being, and resilience outcomes as well as interventions designed to promote the psychological fitness constructs
    Abstract: This report is one of a series designed to support Air Force leaders in promoting resilience among its Airmen, civilian employees, and Air Force family members. It examines the relationship between physical fitness and resilience, using key constructs found in the scientific literature that address self-regulation, positive affect, perceived control, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and optimism. Supporting or increasing the levels of the key measures of psychological fitness identified in this report may facilitate resilience and can protect Airmen, civilian employees, and Air Force families from the negative effects of stress. The report also reviews construct measures, well-being, and resilience outcomes as well as interventions designed to promote the psychological fitness constructs
    Note: "RAND Project Air Force , Includes bibliographical references (pages 33-48)
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    Designing a system for collecting policy-relevant data for the Kurdistan Region--Iraq (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833085900 , 0833086464 , 0833085905 , 9780833086464
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiv, 107 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Designing a system for collecting policy-relevant data for the kurdistan
    Keywords: Statistics Methodology ; Statistics ; Statistics ; Methodology ; HISTORY ; Middle East ; General ; Iraq ; Kurdistān ; Statistics ; Government policy ; Statistical services ; Kurdistān (Iraq) Statistical services ; Kurdistān (Iraq) Statistics ; Government policy ; Kurdistān (Iraq) ; Kurdistān (Iraq) ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Comprehensive and reliable statistics are crucial for policy formulation in any region or country. The Kurdistan Region--Iraq (KRI) is hampered by the lack of such statistics as it aims to improve infrastructure, encourage private-sector development, attract foreign investment, and create a sustainable economy. The authors of this study, which was funded by the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), interviewed officials in several KRI ministries, assessed available data within the KRI, conducted cross-country benchmarking, and studied best practices in data-collection methodologies. In this volume, the authors describe the KRG's statistical institutions; identify ten high-priority areas for the KRI and the types of data that should be collected to support policymaking in these areas; and outline a system to collect and disseminate these data on an ongoing basis. The authors conclude with a series of recommendations on the topics that should be addressed by statistics legislation, the structure and oversight of data institutions, the implementation and use of surveys and censuses, and the use of administrative data. Together, these recommendations provide a road map that will help the KRG assemble the core elements of a quality data system, which, in turn, will increase the availability of data to help KRG leaders achieve their most important policy goals
    Abstract: Comprehensive and reliable statistics are crucial for policy formulation in any region or country. The Kurdistan Region--Iraq (KRI) is hampered by the lack of such statistics as it aims to improve infrastructure, encourage private-sector development, attract foreign investment, and create a sustainable economy. The authors of this study, which was funded by the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), interviewed officials in several KRI ministries, assessed available data within the KRI, conducted cross-country benchmarking, and studied best practices in data-collection methodologies. In this volume, the authors describe the KRG's statistical institutions; identify ten high-priority areas for the KRI and the types of data that should be collected to support policymaking in these areas; and outline a system to collect and disseminate these data on an ongoing basis. The authors conclude with a series of recommendations on the topics that should be addressed by statistics legislation, the structure and oversight of data institutions, the implementation and use of surveys and censuses, and the use of administrative data. Together, these recommendations provide a road map that will help the KRG assemble the core elements of a quality data system, which, in turn, will increase the availability of data to help KRG leaders achieve their most important policy goals
    Note: "RAND Labor and Population , "Ministry of Planning , "Data Source Database & Data Indicators Spreadsheets" available on CD-ROM in back pocket , "Kurdistan Regional Government , Includes bibliographical references (pages 103-107)
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  • 46
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    Assessing the potential to expand community college baccalaureate programs in Texas : executive summary (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833089526 , 0833089528 , 9780833087362 , 0833087363
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 pages)
    DDC: 610.730711
    Keywords: Community colleges ; Nursing Study and teaching ; Community colleges ; Nursing ; Texas ; Community colleges ; Nursing ; Study and teaching ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Many workforce-development needs, particularly those requiring baccalaureate degrees, remain unmet in some areas of Texas. Employers and students are calling for additional programs to develop workplace skills and to provide opportunities for career advancement. On May 22, 2013, the Texas Legislature approved a bill mandating a study on whether community college baccalaureate degree programs should be expanded in Texas. The Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board asked the RAND Corporation to partner with the Texas Higher Education Policy Initiative to conduct the study. This report summarizes a longer research report in which the authors assess unmet workforce-development needs in nursing and the applied sciences, assess the arguments for and against baccalaureate expansion, and recommend potential activities to support implementation of any new policies undertaken to expand community college baccalaureate programs. They find significant need for more baccalaureate nurses, although rapidly growing distance learning programs may be able to meet this need. The authors find varying needs for the four applied science occupations they examined: computer and information technology, management of fire sciences, management of production/operations technicians, and health information technology. While expanding community college baccalaureate degree programs could help meet unmet needs and increase degree attainment among students, there are concerns about costs, mission creep at community colleges, counterproductive competition between community colleges and universities, and a decline in the overall quality of a Texas baccalaureate. The authors discuss the inherent tradeoffs that policymakers face in this regard
    Note: "The research in this report was produced for the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board by RAND Education , "Prepared for the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board , Title from title screen (viewed on August 28, 2014)
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  • 47
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    Competency-based education in three pilot programs : examining implementation and outcomes (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833087256 , 0833089609 , 0833087258 , 9780833089601
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxi, 106 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Steele, Jennifer L Competency-based education in three pilot programs
    Keywords: Competency-based education ; Educational evaluation ; Competency-based education ; Educational evaluation ; United States ; Education ; Educational evaluation ; Education, Special Topics ; EDUCATION ; Evaluation & Assessment ; Social Sciences ; Competency-based education ; Electronic books
    Abstract: In 2011, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation created the Project Mastery grant program to support competency-based education initiatives in large school systems that serve a high proportion of disadvantaged youth. Competency-based education meets students where they are academically, provides students with opportunities for choice, and awards credit for evidence of learning, not for the time students spend studying a subject. The Foundation asked RAND to evaluate these efforts in terms of implementation, students' experiences, and student performance. This report presents final results from that evaluation, offering an overview of competency-based education and the Project Mastery grant projects and describing the implementation of competency-based educational features under each project. The report concludes with six lessons for policy, partnerships, and practice
    Note: "Prepared for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , "RAND Education , Includes bibliographical references (pages 103-106)
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  • 48
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    Improving strategic competence : lessons from 13 years of war (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833087751 , 0833089412 , 0833087754 , 9780833089410
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiv, 142 pages)
    Keywords: United States ; United States ; Irregular warfare ; Afghan War, 2001- ; Strategy ; Iraq War, 2003-2011 ; Irregular warfare ; Afghan War, 2001- ; Strategy ; Iraq War, 2003-2011 ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Security (National & International) ; Iraq ; Irregular warfare ; Afghan War (2001- ) ; Strategy ; Iraq War (2003-2011) ; Military Science - General ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report contributes to the ongoing debate about the lessons from the past 13 years of war and the requirements for addressing future conflicts. It addresses a particular disconnect in the current debate on the future of national security strategy and the role of landpower caused by an inadequate examination of the national level of strategy made by the U.S. government. The disconnect exists because there has been no systematic effort to collect and analyze insights from those who have been actively engaged in making policy and strategy from 2001 to 2014. A RAND Arroyo Center workshop provided a mechanism for eliciting insights from policymakers and academic experts involved in the formation of national-level strategy and its implementation over the past 13 years. This study analyzes and develops those insights in the context of the debate on future national security strategy. It applies those insights to the future operating environment, which will include irregular and hybrid threats, and identifies critical requirements for land forces and special operations forces to operate successfully in conjunction with other joint, interagency, and multinational partners
    Abstract: This report contributes to the ongoing debate about the lessons from the past 13 years of war and the requirements for addressing future conflicts. It addresses a particular disconnect in the current debate on the future of national security strategy and the role of landpower caused by an inadequate examination of the national level of strategy made by the U.S. government. The disconnect exists because there has been no systematic effort to collect and analyze insights from those who have been actively engaged in making policy and strategy from 2001 to 2014. A RAND Arroyo Center workshop provided a mechanism for eliciting insights from policymakers and academic experts involved in the formation of national-level strategy and its implementation over the past 13 years. This study analyzes and develops those insights in the context of the debate on future national security strategy. It applies those insights to the future operating environment, which will include irregular and hybrid threats, and identifies critical requirements for land forces and special operations forces to operate successfully in conjunction with other joint, interagency, and multinational partners
    Note: "RAND Arroyo Center , "This research was ... conducted within RAND Arroyo Center's Strategy, Doctrine, and Resources Program"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references (pages 125-142)
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  • 49
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    Sexual assault and sexual harassment in the U.S. military : design of the 2014 RAND Military Workplace Study (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833089250 , 0833089250 , 9780833088604 , 0833088602 , 9780833090539
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (vi, 201 pages)
    Series Statement: RR-870 / 1-OSD
    Series Statement: RR-870/1-OSD
    Keywords: Sexual abuse victims ; Employee attitude surveys Methodology ; Sex discrimination ; Sex role in the work environment ; Women soldiers Crimes against ; Soldiers Crimes against ; Sexual harassment in the military ; Sex crimes ; Sexual abuse victims ; Employee attitude surveys ; Sex discrimination ; Sex role in the work environment ; Women soldiers ; Soldiers ; Sexual harassment in the military ; Sex crimes ; Sex discrimination ; Sex role in the work environment ; Sexual abuse victims ; Sexual harassment in the military ; United States ; LAW ; Military ; Employee attitude surveys ; Methodology ; Sex crimes ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "In early 2014, the Department of Defense Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office asked the RAND National Defense Research Institute to conduct an independent assessment of sexual assault, sexual harassment, and gender discrimination in the military -- an assessment last conducted in 2012 by the department itself with its Workplace and Gender Relations Survey of Active Duty Personnel. This volume documents the methodology used in the resulting RAND Military Workplace Study, which invited close to 560,000 service members to participate in a survey fielded in August and September of 2014. It describes the survey methods, how the new questionnaire was designed, and how sampling, recruitment, and analytic weighting were pursued. It also includes the entire survey instrument."--Website
    Abstract: "In early 2014, the Department of Defense Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office asked the RAND National Defense Research Institute to conduct an independent assessment of sexual assault, sexual harassment, and gender discrimination in the military -- an assessment last conducted in 2012 by the department itself with its Workplace and Gender Relations Survey of Active Duty Personnel. This volume documents the methodology used in the resulting RAND Military Workplace Study, which invited close to 560,000 service members to participate in a survey fielded in August and September of 2014. It describes the survey methods, how the new questionnaire was designed, and how sampling, recruitment, and analytic weighting were pursued. It also includes the entire survey instrument."--Website
    Note: "RAND National Defense Research Institute , "This research was conducted within the Forces and Resources Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references (pages 99-106)
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  • 50
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    Measuring Cooperative Biological Engagement Program (CBEP) performance : capacities, capabilities, and sustainability enablers for biorisk management and biosurveillance (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833086938 , 0833089765 , 0833086936 , 9780833089762
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxx, 136 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Young, Stephanie (Political scientist) Measuring Cooperative Biological Engagement Program (CBEP) performance
    Keywords: Cooperative Biological Engagement Program (U.S.) ; Cooperative Biological Engagement Program (U.S.) ; Biological arms control Evaluation ; Public health surveillance Evaluation ; Biosecurity Evaluation ; Biological arms control ; Public health surveillance ; Biosecurity ; Epidemiology & Epidemics ; International Relations ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; Treaties ; Public Health ; Law, Politics & Government ; Health & Biological Sciences ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The Cooperative Biological Engagement Program (CBEP) is the biological threat component of the Cooperative Threat Reduction program. It grew out of efforts to address risks associated with legacy biological agents, related materials, and technical expertise developed as part of the biological weapon program in the former Soviet Union. CBEP now partners with about 20 countries in different regions around the world and works with them to address diverse threats to international security, including terrorist organizations seeking to acquire pathogens of security concern; human, animal, and agricultural facilities operating with inadequate safety and security safeguards; and the spread of diseases with potential security or economic consequences. As the program has evolved since its inception two decades ago, so too have its content and approaches to performance measurement. The objective of the research reported here was to build on existing work to develop a comprehensive evaluation framework and recommend metrics for assessing and communicating progress toward CBEP's goals. The report ultimately recommends a number of qualitative and quantitative indicators of CBEP performance, some that can be implemented immediately, some to be implemented later
    Note: "RAND National Defense Research Institute , "This research was sponsored by the Cooperative Biological Engagement Program in the Defense Threat Reduction Agency's Cooperative Threat Reduction Program, and conducted within the Acquisition and Technology Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , "Prepared for Cooperative Biological Engagement Program , Includes bibliographical references (pages 129-136)
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  • 51
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    Elements of success : how type of secondary education credential helps predict enlistee attrition (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833084248 , 0833085220 , 0833084240 , 9780833085221
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 47 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series RR-374-OSD
    Parallel Title: Print version Burkhauser, Susan Elements of success
    Keywords: Military discharge ; Education, Secondary Evaluation ; Military discharge ; Education, Secondary ; Military Administration ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; HISTORY ; Military ; Other ; Armed Forces ; Personnel management ; United States ; Education, Secondary ; Evaluation ; Military discharge ; Recruiting and enlistment ; United States Armed Forces ; Recruiting, enlistment, etc ; United States Armed Forces ; Personnel management ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The U.S military services have traditionally used a tiering system, including education credentials such as high school diplomas, in combination with Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT) scores to help gauge the likelihood of a recruit persevering through his or her first term of service. But what about less traditional credentials, such as diplomas earned through homeschooling and distance learning? The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness) asked RAND to examine whether its current education-credential tiering policy is still useful in predicting first-term attrition. The authors examined attrition rates at 12, 24, and 36 months of service for all enlistees from 2000 through 2011. Using statistical regression techniques, they compared attrition rates for those with distance learning or homeschool credentials to those of high school diploma holders, after controlling for other observable population differences. Overall, the analyses support current tiering policy classifying homeschool diplomas as Tier 1 if a recruit's AFQT score is 50 or higher (i.e., they are treated the same as high school diploma holders) or Tier 2 if a recruit's AFQT score is lower than 50. The results also support classifying distance learning credentials as Tier 2 regardless of AFQT score
    Abstract: The U.S military services have traditionally used a tiering system, including education credentials such as high school diplomas, in combination with Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT) scores to help gauge the likelihood of a recruit persevering through his or her first term of service. But what about less traditional credentials, such as diplomas earned through homeschooling and distance learning? The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness) asked RAND to examine whether its current education-credential tiering policy is still useful in predicting first-term attrition. The authors examined attrition rates at 12, 24, and 36 months of service for all enlistees from 2000 through 2011. Using statistical regression techniques, they compared attrition rates for those with distance learning or homeschool credentials to those of high school diploma holders, after controlling for other observable population differences. Overall, the analyses support current tiering policy classifying homeschool diplomas as Tier 1 if a recruit's AFQT score is 50 or higher (i.e., they are treated the same as high school diploma holders) or Tier 2 if a recruit's AFQT score is lower than 50. The results also support classifying distance learning credentials as Tier 2 regardless of AFQT score
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (page 47)
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  • 52
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    Improving interagency information sharing using technology demonstrations : the legal basis for using new sensor technologies for counterdrug operations along the U.S. border (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833084941 , 0833085700 , 0833084941 , 9780833085702
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xviii, 84 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Gonzales, Daniel Improving interagency information sharing using technology demonstrations
    Keywords: United States ; United States ; Civil-military relations ; Drug control Technological innovations ; Drug traffic Prevention ; Border security ; Interagency coordination ; Information networks Management ; Military law ; Civil-military relations ; Drug control ; Drug traffic ; Border security ; Interagency coordination ; Information networks ; Military law ; Information networks ; Management ; Interagency coordination ; Military law ; Law - U.S ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Law - U.S ; United States ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Border security ; Civil-military relations ; United States ; Drug control ; Technological innovations ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The Department of Defense (DoD) has developed new sensor technologies to support military forces operating in Iraq and Afghanistan. These new capabilities may be useful in counterdrug (CD) operations along the southern U.S. border. DoD has held technology demonstrations to test and demonstrate new technologies along the southern border--because the field conditions along the border closely resemble those in current military theaters of operation and because they can also reveal whether new technologies are useful for CD operations led by domestic law enforcement agencies. However, there are legal questions about whether such technology demonstrations fully comply with U.S. law and whether advanced DoD sensors can legally be used in domestic CD operations when they are operated by U.S. military forces. In this report, the authors examine federal law and DoD policy to answer these questions. Some parts of U.S. law mandate information sharing among federal departments and agencies for national security purposes and direct DoD to play a key role in domestic CD operations in support of U.S. law enforcement agencies, while other parts of the law place restrictions on when the U.S. military may participate in law enforcement operations. Reviewing relevant federal law and DoD policy, the authors conclude that there is no legal reason why a DoD sensor should be excluded from use in an interagency technology demonstration or in an actual CD operation as long as a valid request for support is made by an appropriate law enforcement official and so long as no personally identifiable or private information is collected. The authors recommend DoD policy on domestic CD operations be formally clarified and that an approval process should be established for technology demonstrations with a CD nexus
    Abstract: The Department of Defense (DoD) has developed new sensor technologies to support military forces operating in Iraq and Afghanistan. These new capabilities may be useful in counterdrug (CD) operations along the southern U.S. border. DoD has held technology demonstrations to test and demonstrate new technologies along the southern border--because the field conditions along the border closely resemble those in current military theaters of operation and because they can also reveal whether new technologies are useful for CD operations led by domestic law enforcement agencies. However, there are legal questions about whether such technology demonstrations fully comply with U.S. law and whether advanced DoD sensors can legally be used in domestic CD operations when they are operated by U.S. military forces. In this report, the authors examine federal law and DoD policy to answer these questions. Some parts of U.S. law mandate information sharing among federal departments and agencies for national security purposes and direct DoD to play a key role in domestic CD operations in support of U.S. law enforcement agencies, while other parts of the law place restrictions on when the U.S. military may participate in law enforcement operations. Reviewing relevant federal law and DoD policy, the authors conclude that there is no legal reason why a DoD sensor should be excluded from use in an interagency technology demonstration or in an actual CD operation as long as a valid request for support is made by an appropriate law enforcement official and so long as no personally identifiable or private information is collected. The authors recommend DoD policy on domestic CD operations be formally clarified and that an approval process should be established for technology demonstrations with a CD nexus
    Note: "RR551-OSD"--Page 4 of cover , "RAND National Security Research Division , "This research was ... conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references (pages 81-84)
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  • 53
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    Evaluating the impact of the Department of Defense Regional Centers for Security Studies (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833085139 , 0833086499 , 0833085131 , 9780833086495
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxxiii, 152 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Hanauer, Larry Evaluating the impact of the Department of Defense Regional Centers for Security Studies
    Keywords: United States Management ; Evaluation ; United States ; National security International cooperation ; Military assistance, American ; National security ; Military assistance, American ; National security ; International cooperation ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Armies ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; Treaties ; Management ; Evaluation ; Military assistance, American ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The five U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Regional Centers for Security Studies have been helping partner nations build strategic capacity for almost 20 years. However, recent DoD budget constraints have put pressure on the regional centers (RCs) to increase efficiency. The Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) asked RAND to conduct a study on the overall impact of the RCs, their effectiveness in advancing DoD policy priorities, the ways in which they assess their programs, and ways in which they could improve their impact and efficiency and the resulting outcomes. The RAND study team found that centers have had great success at the missions they have undertaken. They are high-impact components of U.S. security cooperation and engagement efforts, despite their relatively small budgets. The team identified 24 ways in which the centers advance U.S. interests, including building partner capacity, building relationships, fostering pro-U.S. outlooks, offering unique opportunities for engagement, and promoting regional dialogue that reduces tensions. However, RCs should improve impact-oriented data collection and analysis for improved assessment, methodically collecting such data over time. OSD and the combatant commands should improve their oversight and management of the RCs to ensure alignment with department- and theater-level objectives. In addition, OSD should maintain the RCs' focus on regional security challenges rather than refashioning them to address specific threats. Options to consider for greater impact include evaluating the balance between core residential courses and in-region workshops and determining whether and to what extent the centers should develop customized programs for DoD components so as to secure funds beyond the core budget they receive from OSD
    Abstract: The five U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Regional Centers for Security Studies have been helping partner nations build strategic capacity for almost 20 years. However, recent DoD budget constraints have put pressure on the regional centers (RCs) to increase efficiency. The Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) asked RAND to conduct a study on the overall impact of the RCs, their effectiveness in advancing DoD policy priorities, the ways in which they assess their programs, and ways in which they could improve their impact and efficiency and the resulting outcomes. The RAND study team found that centers have had great success at the missions they have undertaken. They are high-impact components of U.S. security cooperation and engagement efforts, despite their relatively small budgets. The team identified 24 ways in which the centers advance U.S. interests, including building partner capacity, building relationships, fostering pro-U.S. outlooks, offering unique opportunities for engagement, and promoting regional dialogue that reduces tensions. However, RCs should improve impact-oriented data collection and analysis for improved assessment, methodically collecting such data over time. OSD and the combatant commands should improve their oversight and management of the RCs to ensure alignment with department- and theater-level objectives. In addition, OSD should maintain the RCs' focus on regional security challenges rather than refashioning them to address specific threats. Options to consider for greater impact include evaluating the balance between core residential courses and in-region workshops and determining whether and to what extent the centers should develop customized programs for DoD components so as to secure funds beyond the core budget they receive from OSD
    Note: "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , "RR-388-OSD"--Page 4 of cover , "National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references (pages 145-152)
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  • 54
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    Hospice experience of care survey : development and field test (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833089779 , 0833089773
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Research report
    DDC: 362.175
    Keywords: Hospice care Evaluation ; Medical care Evaluation ; Health surveys ; Hospice care ; Medical care ; Health surveys ; Hospice care ; Evaluation ; Medical care ; Evaluation ; Health surveys ; Electronic books
    Note: "Sponsored by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
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  • 55
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    An assessment of the present and future labor market in the Kurdistan Region-Iraq : implications for policies to increase private-sector employment (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 0833089935 , 0833084097 , 9780833089939 , 9780833084095
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 113 pages) , illustrations
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Parallel Title: Print version Shatz, Howard J Assessment of the present and future labor market in the Kurdistan region - Iraq
    Keywords: Employment forecasting ; Labor market ; Skilled labor ; Labor supply ; Education ; Employment forecasting ; Labor market ; Labor supply ; Skilled labor ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Labor ; Iraq ; KurdistaÌ„n ; Economic policy ; Education ; Kurdistān (Iraq) Economic policy ; KurdistaÌ„n (Iraq) Economic policy ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The study addresses the question of how the Kurdistan Regional Government can improve the private-sector labor market in the Kurdistan Region-Iraq (KRI). Doing so will involve creating mechanisms by which job-seekers can develop the right skills and find employers who will hire them, employers can find the employees they need, and the government can create an enabling environment in which the best matches between job-seekers and employers can be made. The study estimates the likely number and education levels of new job-seekers through 2020. It conducts an original, scientific survey to learn about employer perceptions of skill gaps in the KRI. Then, it investigates sectoral employment growth in comparison economies to identify promising growth sectors. Finally, it outlines policy steps for the government to take to improve the functioning of the private-sector labor market
    Abstract: Introduction -- Education Levels, Skills, and Labor-Force Participation of Potential Future Labor-Market Entrants -- Skills Gaps and Expected Private-Sector Labor Demand in the Kurdistan Region-Iraq -- Scenarios for Sectoral Employment Growth in the Kurdistan Region-Iraq -- Labor-Market Information Systems -- Conclusions and Policy Directions -- Appendix A: The RAND Survey of Business Establishments 2012: The RAND Skills Survey -- Appendix B: The RAND Survey of Business Establishments 2012: Sampling Design
    Note: "Ministry of Planning , "Kurdistan Regional Government , "RAND Labor and Population , Includes bibliographical references (pages 109-113)
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  • 56
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    Improving inventory management of organizational and individual equipment at central issue facilities (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833082794 , 0833082795
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xx, 69 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series RR137
    DDC: 355.6/2132
    Keywords: United States Equipment and supplies ; Management ; Evaluation ; United States Inventory control ; United States ; United States ; Inventory control ; Inventory control ; Inventory control ; Armed Forces ; Inventory control ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The Army's Central Issue Facilities (CIFs) do not have a formal mechanism signaling when to review inventory levels and when and whether to requisition items. Logistics leaders need a routinized inventory review process to help improve inventory management practices. The current process is based on managers' experience and expert judgment, which are not always empirically based, and because of local differences, is executed unevenly and typically infrequently. As a result, there is a perception that many CIFs have significantly more clothing and equipment inventory than required to meet soldiers' needs. The report appendices provide an in-depth description of how inventory levels should be set, including which items to order, when to order, and how much to order. They also address the question of how to identify material that is available for lateral transfer
    Abstract: The Army's Central Issue Facilities (CIFs) do not have a formal mechanism signaling when to review inventory levels and when and whether to requisition items. Logistics leaders need a routinized inventory review process to help improve inventory management practices. The current process is based on managers' experience and expert judgment, which are not always empirically based, and because of local differences, is executed unevenly and typically infrequently. As a result, there is a perception that many CIFs have significantly more clothing and equipment inventory than required to meet soldiers' needs. The report appendices provide an in-depth description of how inventory levels should be set, including which items to order, when to order, and how much to order. They also address the question of how to identify material that is available for lateral transfer
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (page 69)
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  • 57
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    New approaches to defense inflation and discounting (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833081339 , 0833083392 , 0833081330 , 9780833083395
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xix, 42 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series RR237
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Connor, Kathryn New approaches to defense inflation and discounting
    Keywords: United States Appropriations and expenditures ; Effect of inflation on ; United States ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Administration ; United States ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Armed Forces ; Weapons systems ; Costs ; Expenditures, Public ; United States ; United States Armed Forces ; Weapons systems ; Costs ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Inflation indices and discount rates are necessary tools in the Department of Defense's acquisition process, as the final selection of a system is partially based on potential increases in sustainment costs (inflation) and the present value of future costs (discounting). Inflation indices built for DoD use very broad categories that include operations and maintenance (O & M) as well as manpower, procurement, and research and development. This study addresses the question of how well current inflation indices and discount rates are serving DoD weaponsystem program management. It investigates inflation rates for parts for the Abrams tank and the Bradley armored personnel carrier and shows that the two weapon systems, while both ground systems, experience inflation differently. Although government decisionmaking can benefit from discounting (taking into account the time value of money), choices made using discounted cash flows are not always the least expensive for DoD. Its O & M estimating strategies should be reviewed to reflect changing repair and other costs, since a range of reasonable courses of action exists for many DoD investment decisions. Recommendations for the Office of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation to consider when evaluating the inflation and discounting policies that impact the long-term affordability of DoD programs include (1) revisiting O & M costs annually with a 5-year moving-average inflation, to reflect changing repair and other costs; (2) highlighting the role of supply chain surcharges in parts costs in cost estimates used to inform program financial analysis; (3) expanding analysis of investments to ensure consideration of least-cost outcomes
    Abstract: Inflation indices and discount rates are necessary tools in the Department of Defense's acquisition process, as the final selection of a system is partially based on potential increases in sustainment costs (inflation) and the present value of future costs (discounting). Inflation indices built for DoD use very broad categories that include operations and maintenance (O & M) as well as manpower, procurement, and research and development. This study addresses the question of how well current inflation indices and discount rates are serving DoD weaponsystem program management. It investigates inflation rates for parts for the Abrams tank and the Bradley armored personnel carrier and shows that the two weapon systems, while both ground systems, experience inflation differently. Although government decisionmaking can benefit from discounting (taking into account the time value of money), choices made using discounted cash flows are not always the least expensive for DoD. Its O & M estimating strategies should be reviewed to reflect changing repair and other costs, since a range of reasonable courses of action exists for many DoD investment decisions. Recommendations for the Office of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation to consider when evaluating the inflation and discounting policies that impact the long-term affordability of DoD programs include (1) revisiting O & M costs annually with a 5-year moving-average inflation, to reflect changing repair and other costs; (2) highlighting the role of supply chain surcharges in parts costs in cost estimates used to inform program financial analysis; (3) expanding analysis of investments to ensure consideration of least-cost outcomes
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 41-42)
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    Building the links between funding and quality in higher education : India's challenge (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833081230 , 0833082019 , 0833081233 , 9780833082015
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xix, 52 pages)
    Keywords: Education, Higher Aims and objectives ; Economic aspects ; Government policy ; Educational planning Economic aspects ; Higher education and state ; Education, Higher ; Educational planning ; Higher education and state ; India ; EDUCATION ; Higher ; Higher education and state ; Educational planning ; Economic aspects ; Electronic books
    Abstract: India has joined a worldwide trend in which nations are seeking to improve the quality of their higher education systems by giving greater autonomy and accountability to higher education institutions. In this report, the authors review India's and other countries' higher education systems and suggest seven policy actions that the Indian national government and other stakeholders can take to improve higher education by linking funding to quality
    Note: "The project was funded jointly by RAND's Center for Asia Pacific Policy (CAPP) and RAND Education"--Preface , "RAND Corporation , Includes bibliographical references (pages 49-52)
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  • 59
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    Increasing flexibility and agility at the National Reconnaissance Office : lessons from modular design, occupational surprise, and commercial research and development processes (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833081025 , 0833082035 , 0833081020 , 9780833082039
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvi, 71 pages)
    Keywords: United States ; United States ; Organizational change Management ; Corporate culture ; Strategic planning ; Organizational change ; Corporate culture ; Strategic planning ; Military Administration ; Corporate culture ; Organizational change ; Management ; Strategic planning ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Strategic Planning ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: To help the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) become more flexible and agile in an increasingly uncertain world, RAND sought answers to two key questions. First, would the NRO benefit from building modular satellites? RAND researchers developed a method for evaluating whether a system is a good candidate for modularity and applied it to systems both inside and outside the NRO. The authors found that NRO space systems do not appear to be strong candidates for modularization. Second, what lessons might be drawn from how chief executive officers, military personnel, and health care professionals (among others) respond to surprise? RAND developed a framework to categorize professionals' responses to surprise and then conducted discussions with representatives from 13 different professions, including former ambassadors, chief executive officers, military personnel, and physicians. The authors observed that all interviewees used common coping strategies. The authors also found some differences in response to surprise that depend on two factors: time available to respond and the level of chaos in the environment. The report concludes with recommendations on actions that the NRO can take to improve the flexibility of its hardware and the workforce
    Abstract: To help the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) become more flexible and agile in an increasingly uncertain world, RAND sought answers to two key questions. First, would the NRO benefit from building modular satellites? RAND researchers developed a method for evaluating whether a system is a good candidate for modularity and applied it to systems both inside and outside the NRO. The authors found that NRO space systems do not appear to be strong candidates for modularization. Second, what lessons might be drawn from how chief executive officers, military personnel, and health care professionals (among others) respond to surprise? RAND developed a framework to categorize professionals' responses to surprise and then conducted discussions with representatives from 13 different professions, including former ambassadors, chief executive officers, military personnel, and physicians. The authors observed that all interviewees used common coping strategies. The authors also found some differences in response to surprise that depend on two factors: time available to respond and the level of chaos in the environment. The report concludes with recommendations on actions that the NRO can take to improve the flexibility of its hardware and the workforce
    Note: "This research was conducted within the Intelligence Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Division (NSRD)"--Preface , "RAND National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-71)
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  • 60
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    Counterinsurgency scorecard : Afghanistan in early 2013 relative to insurgencies since World War II (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833081766 , 0833083643 , 0833081764 , 9780833083647
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 25 pages)
    Keywords: Counterinsurgency ; Counterinsurgency Case studies ; Counterinsurgency ; Counterinsurgency ; Afghanistan ; Military Science - General ; Case studies ; Military & Naval Science ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Security (National & International) ; Counterinsurgency ; Law, Politics & Government ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The RAND report Paths to Victory: Lessons from Modern Insurgencies added 41 new cases to a previously studied set of 30 insurgencies, examining the 71 insurgencies begun and completed worldwide between World War II and 2008 to analyze correlates of success in counterinsurgency (COIN). A key finding of this research was that a case's score on a scorecard of 15 equally weighted good and 11 equally weighted bad COIN factors and practices perfectly discriminated the outcomes of the cases analyzed. That is, the balance of good and bad factors and practices correlated with either a COIN win (insurgency loss) or a COIN loss (insurgency win) in the overall case. Using the scorecard approach as its foundation, a RAND study sought to apply the findings to the case of Afghanistan in early 2013. The effort involved an expert elicitation, or Delphi exercise, in which experts were asked to make "worst-case" assessments of the factors to complete the scorecard for ongoing operations in Afghanistan. The consensus results revealed that early 2013 Afghanistan ranks among the historical COIN winners, but its score is equal to those of the lowest-scoring historical wins. This tenuous position points to several areas in need of improvement, but particularly the need to disrupt the flow of insurgent support and the need for the Afghan government and Afghan security forces to better demonstrate their commitment and motivation. Afghanistan in early 2011 scored in the middle of the historical record in terms of COIN wins and losses, suggesting an overall improvement in COIN progress in that conflict by early 2013. However, conditions may change as coalition forces prepare to hand over responsibility for the country's security to the Afghan government and Afghan security forces in 2014
    Abstract: The RAND report Paths to Victory: Lessons from Modern Insurgencies added 41 new cases to a previously studied set of 30 insurgencies, examining the 71 insurgencies begun and completed worldwide between World War II and 2008 to analyze correlates of success in counterinsurgency (COIN). A key finding of this research was that a case's score on a scorecard of 15 equally weighted good and 11 equally weighted bad COIN factors and practices perfectly discriminated the outcomes of the cases analyzed. That is, the balance of good and bad factors and practices correlated with either a COIN win (insurgency loss) or a COIN loss (insurgency win) in the overall case. Using the scorecard approach as its foundation, a RAND study sought to apply the findings to the case of Afghanistan in early 2013. The effort involved an expert elicitation, or Delphi exercise, in which experts were asked to make "worst-case" assessments of the factors to complete the scorecard for ongoing operations in Afghanistan. The consensus results revealed that early 2013 Afghanistan ranks among the historical COIN winners, but its score is equal to those of the lowest-scoring historical wins. This tenuous position points to several areas in need of improvement, but particularly the need to disrupt the flow of insurgent support and the need for the Afghan government and Afghan security forces to better demonstrate their commitment and motivation. Afghanistan in early 2011 scored in the middle of the historical record in terms of COIN wins and losses, suggesting an overall improvement in COIN progress in that conflict by early 2013. However, conditions may change as coalition forces prepare to hand over responsibility for the country's security to the Afghan government and Afghan security forces in 2014
    Note: "RAND National Defense Research Institute , "This research was ... conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references (page 25)
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    Outcome evaluation of U.S. Department of State support for the Global Methane Initiative (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833081131 , 0833081136 , 9780833076724 , 0833076728
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxii, 76 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand corporation technical report TR-1250-DOS
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    DDC: 363.738/74
    Keywords: United States Evaluation ; United States ; Methane Environmental aspects ; Greenhouse gas mitigation Government policy ; Greenhouse gas mitigation Evaluation ; Methane ; Greenhouse gas mitigation ; Greenhouse gas mitigation ; Methane ; Environmental aspects ; Civil & Environmental Engineering ; Evaluation ; Environmental Engineering ; United States ; Engineering & Applied Sciences ; Greenhouse gas mitigation ; Government policy ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Methane is a short-lived greenhouse gas that is released during the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil; the raising of livestock and other agricultural practices; and the decay of organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills and some wastewater treatment systems. Although it is short-lived, methane has more than 20 times the atmospheric warming effect of carbon dioxide. However, it is a primary component of natural gas, so efforts to reduce methane emissions can take advantage of technologies that capture and reuse the gas as a fuel, potentially bringing about cost-effective reductions in emissions. The Global Methane Initiative (GMI) is a voluntary international partnership that promotes methane recovery and reuse activities in developing and transition economies. Program partners and funders include national governments, private-sector firms, development banks, and nongovernmental organizations. As a founding member of the partnership, the U.S. government contributes funding and other types of support to GMI primarily through the U.S. Department of State (specifically, its Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs and its Office of Global Change) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. To help gauge the effects and value added of its support for the program, the Department of State requested an evaluation of GMI's activities and outcomes relative to its contributions in fiscal years 2006-2010. The evaluation employed a mixed-methods approach that combined quantitative and qualitative information to document program resources and activities and to illustrate program outcomes, including information from in-country site visits. The report also presents some recommendations for how data collection could be improved to answer more sophisticated questions in the future about the effectiveness of GMI and the value added by the department's contributions
    Abstract: Methane is a short-lived greenhouse gas that is released during the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil; the raising of livestock and other agricultural practices; and the decay of organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills and some wastewater treatment systems. Although it is short-lived, methane has more than 20 times the atmospheric warming effect of carbon dioxide. However, it is a primary component of natural gas, so efforts to reduce methane emissions can take advantage of technologies that capture and reuse the gas as a fuel, potentially bringing about cost-effective reductions in emissions. The Global Methane Initiative (GMI) is a voluntary international partnership that promotes methane recovery and reuse activities in developing and transition economies. Program partners and funders include national governments, private-sector firms, development banks, and nongovernmental organizations. As a founding member of the partnership, the U.S. government contributes funding and other types of support to GMI primarily through the U.S. Department of State (specifically, its Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs and its Office of Global Change) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. To help gauge the effects and value added of its support for the program, the Department of State requested an evaluation of GMI's activities and outcomes relative to its contributions in fiscal years 2006-2010. The evaluation employed a mixed-methods approach that combined quantitative and qualitative information to document program resources and activities and to illustrate program outcomes, including information from in-country site visits. The report also presents some recommendations for how data collection could be improved to answer more sophisticated questions in the future about the effectiveness of GMI and the value added by the department's contributions
    Note: "RAND Environment, Energy, and Economic Development Program , "This research was conducted in the Environment, Energy, and Economic Development Program (EEED) within RAND Justice, Infrastructure, and Environment (JIE)"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references (pages 75-76)
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    Readiness reporting for a different Army (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833080325 , 0833083759 , 0833080326 , 9780833083753
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiii, 139 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series RR230
    Keywords: United States Operational readiness ; Evaluation ; United States Reorganization ; Evaluation ; United States ; United States ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Armies ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The Army has developed an impressive capacity to adapt to emerging requirements by providing units with new capabilities rapidly and flexibly as units prepare for deployment through the Army Force Generation (ARFORGEN) process. The Army's ability to report on readiness throughout these adaptations, however, is challenged. The readiness reporting system is largely predicated on a bottom-up, deliberate process with known milestones and pre-determined designs to which the Army would build readiness. As those targets are changed, for instance when deploying to a changing operational environment as was seen in Iraq and Afghanistan, the reporting system cannot easily keep up. The key challenge to readiness reporting is that Army units now routinely prepare for assigned missions that sometimes differ in meaningful ways from their designed missions. This study examines the Army's readiness reporting system in light of the increased adaptiveness demonstrated by Army units in the past decade. In this study we found that while the readiness reporting system still works as originally intended, the current readiness reporting system captures only a portion of the adaptations readily seen in recent years. The study offers recommendations to better reflect these adaptations in the readiness reporting system
    Abstract: The Army has developed an impressive capacity to adapt to emerging requirements by providing units with new capabilities rapidly and flexibly as units prepare for deployment through the Army Force Generation (ARFORGEN) process. The Army's ability to report on readiness throughout these adaptations, however, is challenged. The readiness reporting system is largely predicated on a bottom-up, deliberate process with known milestones and pre-determined designs to which the Army would build readiness. As those targets are changed, for instance when deploying to a changing operational environment as was seen in Iraq and Afghanistan, the reporting system cannot easily keep up. The key challenge to readiness reporting is that Army units now routinely prepare for assigned missions that sometimes differ in meaningful ways from their designed missions. This study examines the Army's readiness reporting system in light of the increased adaptiveness demonstrated by Army units in the past decade. In this study we found that while the readiness reporting system still works as originally intended, the current readiness reporting system captures only a portion of the adaptations readily seen in recent years. The study offers recommendations to better reflect these adaptations in the readiness reporting system
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 131-139)
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    Charting the course for a new Air Force inspection system (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833077042 , 0833081942 , 083307704X , 9780833081940
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiii, 149 pages)
    Series Statement: Technical report Charting the course for a new Air Force inspection system
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Keywords: United States Reorganization ; United States Safety measures ; United States Inspection ; United States ; United States ; United States ; United States ; United States ; Aeronautics, Military Safety measures ; Aeronautics, Military ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Aeronautics, Military ; Safety measures ; Armed Forces ; Inspection ; Armed Forces ; Reorganization ; Armed Forces ; Safety measures ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Administration ; United States ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The Air Force relies on inspections by the Inspector General and assessments and evaluations by functional area managers to ensure that all wings comply with Air Force standards and are ready to execute their contingency missions. These oversight activities have grown dramatically over time, and the Inspector General of the Air Force (SAF/IG) is leading an Air Force-wide effort to reduce this burden while also improving the quality of oversight that the inspection system provides. In 2010, SAF/IG asked RAND Project AIR FORCE to collect and assess data on the inspection system and to identify effective inspection and information collection practices that the Air Force inspection system might emulate. Through a review of such external inspection practices as the Air Force Culture Assessment Tool program (AFCAST), the Air Force Climate Survey, and the Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) inspection system; an investigation of Air Force personnel's experiences in the field; and a review of literature on topics including leadership and organizational change, RAND formulated recommendations tailored to each of SAF/IG's five major inspection system goals: (1) choosing a better inspection interval, (2) reducing the inspection footprint, (3) increasing the emphasis on self-inspections and self-reporting, (4) introducing the new Unit Effectiveness Inspection (UEI), and (5) introducing the Management Internal Control Toolset (MICT). RAND's research and recommendations are detailed in this report
    Abstract: The Air Force relies on inspections by the Inspector General and assessments and evaluations by functional area managers to ensure that all wings comply with Air Force standards and are ready to execute their contingency missions. These oversight activities have grown dramatically over time, and the Inspector General of the Air Force (SAF/IG) is leading an Air Force-wide effort to reduce this burden while also improving the quality of oversight that the inspection system provides. In 2010, SAF/IG asked RAND Project AIR FORCE to collect and assess data on the inspection system and to identify effective inspection and information collection practices that the Air Force inspection system might emulate. Through a review of such external inspection practices as the Air Force Culture Assessment Tool program (AFCAST), the Air Force Climate Survey, and the Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) inspection system; an investigation of Air Force personnel's experiences in the field; and a review of literature on topics including leadership and organizational change, RAND formulated recommendations tailored to each of SAF/IG's five major inspection system goals: (1) choosing a better inspection interval, (2) reducing the inspection footprint, (3) increasing the emphasis on self-inspections and self-reporting, (4) introducing the new Unit Effectiveness Inspection (UEI), and (5) introducing the Management Internal Control Toolset (MICT). RAND's research and recommendations are detailed in this report
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 145-149)
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    An evolutionary model of industry transformation and the political sustainability of emission control policies (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833083081 , 0833083082
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 pages)
    DDC: 363.7387
    Keywords: Environmental policy ; Decision making Mathematical models ; Carbon dioxide mitigation ; Emissions trading ; Climatic changes ; Evolutionary economics ; Environmental policy ; Decision making ; Carbon dioxide mitigation ; Emissions trading ; Climatic changes ; Evolutionary economics ; Emissions trading ; Environmental policy ; Evolutionary economics ; Climatic changes ; Decision making ; Mathematical models ; Carbon dioxide mitigation ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Limiting the extent and effects of climate change requires the transformation of industrial, commercial, energy, and transportation systems. To achieve its goals, a near-term policy has to sustain itself for many decades. Market-based policies should prove useful in promoting such transformations. But which policies might do so most effectively? How can such policies be designed so that they endure politically over the long-term? While standard economic theory provides an excellent understanding of the efficiency-enhancing potential of markets, it sheds less insight on their transformational implications. In particular, the introduction of markets often also leads to significant changes in society⁰́₉s values, technology, and institutions, and these types of market-induced transformations are generally not well understood. This report presents a simulation framework with both game theoretic and agent-based components designed to model evolutionary changes in the firms belonging to an industry sector and how these may form changing coalitions that influence how government sets a price for carbon emissions. The model captures the complex interactions between market-formation, technological innovation, government regulatory policy and the emergent climate change. It tests a set of outcome measures under different carbon emission control policies. The model is a tool to support the design of a government⁰́₉s regulatory policy by using robust decision making to examine how measures intended to reduce emissions of climate-changing greenhouse gasses may give rise to market-induced transformations that in turn may ease or hinder the government⁰́₉s ability to maintain its policy
    Abstract: Limiting the extent and effects of climate change requires the transformation of industrial, commercial, energy, and transportation systems. To achieve its goals, a near-term policy has to sustain itself for many decades. Market-based policies should prove useful in promoting such transformations. But which policies might do so most effectively? How can such policies be designed so that they endure politically over the long-term? While standard economic theory provides an excellent understanding of the efficiency-enhancing potential of markets, it sheds less insight on their transformational implications. In particular, the introduction of markets often also leads to significant changes in society⁰́₉s values, technology, and institutions, and these types of market-induced transformations are generally not well understood. This report presents a simulation framework with both game theoretic and agent-based components designed to model evolutionary changes in the firms belonging to an industry sector and how these may form changing coalitions that influence how government sets a price for carbon emissions. The model captures the complex interactions between market-formation, technological innovation, government regulatory policy and the emergent climate change. It tests a set of outcome measures under different carbon emission control policies. The model is a tool to support the design of a government⁰́₉s regulatory policy by using robust decision making to examine how measures intended to reduce emissions of climate-changing greenhouse gasses may give rise to market-induced transformations that in turn may ease or hinder the government⁰́₉s ability to maintain its policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen (viewed September 3, 2013)
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    Management perspectives pertaining to root cause analyses of Nunn-McCurdy breaches : program manager tenure, oversight of acquisition category II programs, and framing assumptions (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833082053 , 0833083791 , 0833082051 , 9780833083791
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxx, 115 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Arena, Mark V Management perspectives pertaining to root cause analyses of Nunn-McCurdy breaches Vol. 4
    Keywords: United States Procurement ; Costs ; United States ; Defense contracts ; Defense contracts ; Law, Politics & Government ; United States ; Armed Forces ; Weapons systems ; Costs ; United States ; Armies ; Military & Naval Science ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Political Freedom ; Armed Forces ; Procurement ; Costs ; Defense contracts ; United States Armed Forces ; Equipment ; Costs ; United States Armed Forces ; Weapons systems ; Costs ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Concern with cost overruns in major defense acquisition programs led Congress to direct investigation of the root causes of overruns in programs that have breached Nunn-McCurdy thresholds. The authors calculate program manager tenure to determine whether tenures have lengthened since policy guidance was issued in 2005 and 2007. They also address the question of whether existing decentralized systems used to track the cost growth and performance of acquisition category II programs are sufficient or whether additional centralized guidance and control from the Office of the Secretary of Defense are warranted. A third question deals with the management of cost and schedule risk and whether the identification of key assumptions, which the authors call framing assumptions, could be a useful risk management tool
    Abstract: Concern with cost overruns in major defense acquisition programs led Congress to direct investigation of the root causes of overruns in programs that have breached Nunn-McCurdy thresholds. The authors calculate program manager tenure to determine whether tenures have lengthened since policy guidance was issued in 2005 and 2007. They also address the question of whether existing decentralized systems used to track the cost growth and performance of acquisition category II programs are sufficient or whether additional centralized guidance and control from the Office of the Secretary of Defense are warranted. A third question deals with the management of cost and schedule risk and whether the identification of key assumptions, which the authors call framing assumptions, could be a useful risk management tool
    Note: "RAND National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references (pages 109-115)
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    Motion imagery processing and exploitation (MIPE) (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833081506 , 0833084828 , 0833081500 , 9780833084828
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 36 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Motion Imagery Processing and Exploitation (MIPE)
    Keywords: Military intelligence ; Image analysis ; Image processing ; Military intelligence ; Image analysis ; Image processing ; Image processing ; United States ; HISTORY ; United States ; General ; Military intelligence ; Image analysis ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report defines and investigates the potential of motion imagery processing and exploitation (MIPE) systems, which can help U.S. military intelligence analysts optimize their response to the current information deluge and enable them to continue to exploit a wide range of motion imagery collections. The authors define MIPE as the collection of capabilities and enabling technologies, tools, and systems that aid analysts in the detection, identification, and tracking of objects of interest (OOIs), such as humans and vehicles; in the identification of activities of interest (AOIs); and in the characterization of relationships between and among OOIs and AOIs in live and archival video. The authors examined the needs of motion imagery analysts, identified MIPE capabilities that could assist in meeting those needs, and assessed the technical readiness of MIPE systems. Recommendations include using MIPE systems to focus analysts' attention on significant video frames, investing in systems that take advantage of many sources of information, and standardizing MIPE test plans
    Abstract: This report defines and investigates the potential of motion imagery processing and exploitation (MIPE) systems, which can help U.S. military intelligence analysts optimize their response to the current information deluge and enable them to continue to exploit a wide range of motion imagery collections. The authors define MIPE as the collection of capabilities and enabling technologies, tools, and systems that aid analysts in the detection, identification, and tracking of objects of interest (OOIs), such as humans and vehicles; in the identification of activities of interest (AOIs); and in the characterization of relationships between and among OOIs and AOIs in live and archival video. The authors examined the needs of motion imagery analysts, identified MIPE capabilities that could assist in meeting those needs, and assessed the technical readiness of MIPE systems. Recommendations include using MIPE systems to focus analysts' attention on significant video frames, investing in systems that take advantage of many sources of information, and standardizing MIPE test plans
    Note: "RAND Project Air Force , Includes bibliographical references (pages 31-36)
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    Do joint fighter programs save money? (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833074560 , 0833084887 , 0833074563 , 9780833084880
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxv, 51 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lorell, Mark A., 1947- Do joint fighter programs save money?
    Keywords: United States Procurement ; Costs ; United States ; F-35 (Military aircraft) ; Fighter planes Costs ; Life cycle costing ; F-35 (Military aircraft) ; Fighter planes ; Life cycle costing ; Law, Politics & Government ; United States ; F-35 (Military aircraft) ; Fighter planes ; Costs ; Life cycle costing ; United States ; HISTORY ; Military ; Aviation ; Air Forces ; Armed Forces ; Procurement ; Costs ; Military & Naval Science ; Electronic books
    Abstract: In the past 50 years, the U.S. Department of Defense has pursued numerous joint aircraft programs, the largest and most recent of which is the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF). Joint aircraft programs are thought to reduce Life Cycle Cost (LCC) by eliminating duplicate research, development, test, and evaluation efforts and by realizing economies of scale in procurement, operations, and support. But the need to accommodate different service requirements in a single design or common design family can lead to greater program complexity, increased technical risk, and common functionality or increased weight in excess of that needed for some variants, potentially leading to higher overall cost, despite these efficiencies. To help Air Force leaders (and acquisition decisionmakers in general) select an appropriate acquisition strategy for future combat aircraft, this report analyzes the costs and savings of joint aircraft acquisition programs. The project team examined whether historical joint aircraft programs have saved LCC compared with single-service programs. In addition, the project team assessed whether JSF is on track to achieving the joint savings originally anticipated at the beginning of full-scale development. Also examined were the implications of joint fighter programs for the health of the industrial base and for operational and strategic risk
    Abstract: In the past 50 years, the U.S. Department of Defense has pursued numerous joint aircraft programs, the largest and most recent of which is the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF). Joint aircraft programs are thought to reduce Life Cycle Cost (LCC) by eliminating duplicate research, development, test, and evaluation efforts and by realizing economies of scale in procurement, operations, and support. But the need to accommodate different service requirements in a single design or common design family can lead to greater program complexity, increased technical risk, and common functionality or increased weight in excess of that needed for some variants, potentially leading to higher overall cost, despite these efficiencies. To help Air Force leaders (and acquisition decisionmakers in general) select an appropriate acquisition strategy for future combat aircraft, this report analyzes the costs and savings of joint aircraft acquisition programs. The project team examined whether historical joint aircraft programs have saved LCC compared with single-service programs. In addition, the project team assessed whether JSF is on track to achieving the joint savings originally anticipated at the beginning of full-scale development. Also examined were the implications of joint fighter programs for the health of the industrial base and for operational and strategic risk
    Note: "RAND Project Air Force , Includes bibliographical references (pages 41-51)
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    A cost analysis of the U.S. Air Force overseas posture : informing strategic choices (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833080370 , 0833083333 , 0833080377 , 9780833083333
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 40 pages)
    Series Statement: Research report RR-150-AF
    Keywords: United States Appropriations and expenditures ; United States Appropriations and expenditures ; United States ; United States ; Military planning ; Strategy ; Military base closures Economic aspects ; Military bases, American Costs ; Air bases, American Costs ; Military planning ; Strategy ; Military base closures ; Military bases, American ; Air bases, American ; Military planning ; Strategy ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Air Forces ; United States ; HISTORY ; Military ; Strategy ; Armed Forces ; Appropriations and expenditures ; Expenditures, Public ; United States ; United States ; Military base closures ; Economic aspects ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report seeks to inform the debate over the extent of U.S. military presence overseas by providing a rigorous estimate of the costs associated with maintaining U.S. Air Force installations and units overseas rather than in the United States. The authors describe the various types of expenditures required to maintain bases and military units overseas and estimate current costs using official data and econometric modeling. They provide a cost model of overseas presence for policymakers to weigh alternative posture options. Their main findings are that while it does cost more to maintain force structures and installations overseas rather than in the United States, the total cost of doing so for the Air Force's current overseas posture is small relative to the Air Force's overall budget
    Abstract: This report seeks to inform the debate over the extent of U.S. military presence overseas by providing a rigorous estimate of the costs associated with maintaining U.S. Air Force installations and units overseas rather than in the United States. The authors describe the various types of expenditures required to maintain bases and military units overseas and estimate current costs using official data and econometric modeling. They provide a cost model of overseas presence for policymakers to weigh alternative posture options. Their main findings are that while it does cost more to maintain force structures and installations overseas rather than in the United States, the total cost of doing so for the Air Force's current overseas posture is small relative to the Air Force's overall budget
    Note: "The study was conducted within the Strategy and Doctrine Program of RAND Project Air Force"--Preface , "RAND Project Air Force , Includes bibliographical references (pages 37-40)
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    The future of mobility : scenarios for the United States in 2030 (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833083746 , 0833083740 , 9780833081391 , 083308139X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Research report RR-246-ifmo
    Keywords: Transportation Forecasting ; Transportation engineering ; Transportation ; Transportation engineering ; United States ; Transportation ; Forecasting ; Business & Economics ; Transportation engineering ; Transportation Economics ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Industries ; Transportation ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "The research described in this report was sponsored by the Institute for Mobility Research (ifmo) and conducted in the Transportation, Space, and Technology Program within RAND Justice, Infrastructure, and Environment."--Title page verso
    Abstract: "The research described in this report was sponsored by the Institute for Mobility Research (ifmo) and conducted in the Transportation, Space, and Technology Program within RAND Justice, Infrastructure, and Environment."--Title page verso
    Note: "The RAND Corporation , "Ifmo, Institute for Mobility Research , Includes bibliographical references (pages 110-113) , The research reported here was conducted in the RAND Transportation, Space, and Technology Program ... part of RAND Justice, Infrastructure, and Environment
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    Laying the foundation for successful school leadership (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833082176 , 0833082175
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 pages)
    Keywords: Educational leadership ; School principals ; School management and organization ; Educational leadership ; School principals ; School management and organization ; Educational leadership ; School principals ; United States ; EDUCATION ; Evaluation & Assessment ; School management and organization ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Principals can influence student achievement in a number of ways--monitoring instruction; evaluating teachers; hiring, developing, and retaining school staff; maintaining student discipline; managing the school budget; establishing a school culture; and engaging with the community. While principals' skills in these areas are important, skills alone are not enough to ensure that they will be effective school leaders. This is because school and district contexts--which include school and district characteristics, practices, and policies--set the stage for principals' performance and strongly influence their effectiveness. In this report, RAND researchers provide guidance to state and district decisionmakers and others who manage school systems, focusing on four areas that research has identified as particularly influential in supporting principal effectiveness: placement in the school, evaluation, autonomy, and resources. We highlight how actions in these areas can create conditions in the school and district that foster principal success
    Note: "RAND Corporation , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen (viewed on October 18, 2013)
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  • 71
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    Using behavioral indicators to help detect potential violent acts : a review of the science base (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833080929 , 0833083368 , 083308092X , 9780833083364
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xliii, 258 pages)
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Keywords: Violence Forecasting ; Criminal behavior Research ; Methodology ; Terrorists Psychology ; Terrorists Social conditions ; Criminal behavior, Prediction of ; Terrorism Prevention ; Violence ; Criminal behavior ; Terrorists ; Terrorists ; Criminal behavior, Prediction of ; Terrorism ; Behavioral Research ; Behavioral Sciences ; Crime ; Criminology ; Disciplines and Occupations ; Natural Science Disciplines ; Psychiatry and Psychology ; Research ; Science ; Social Problems ; Social Sciences ; Sociology ; Terrorism ; Violence ; Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena ; Behavioral Disciplines and Activities ; Criminal behavior, Prediction of ; Social Welfare & Social Work ; Social Sciences ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Criminology ; Criminology, Penology & Juvenile Delinquency ; Terrorists ; Psychology ; Criminal behavior ; Research ; Methodology ; Terrorism ; Prevention ; Violence ; Forecasting ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Government organizations have put substantial effort into detecting and thwarting terrorist and insurgent attacks by observing suspicious behaviors of individuals at transportation checkpoints and elsewhere. This report reviews the scientific literature relating to observable, individual-level behavioral indicators that might-along with other information-help detect potential violent attacks. The report focuses on new or nontraditional technologies and methods, most of which exploit (1) data on communication patterns, (2) "pattern-of-life" data, and/or (3) data relating to body movement and physiological state. To help officials set priorities for special attention and investment, the report proposes an analytic framework for discussion and evaluation; it also urges investment in cost-effectiveness analysis and more vigorous, routine, and sustained efforts to measure real-world effectiveness of methods. One cross-cutting conclusion is that methods for behavioral observation are typically not reliable enough to stand alone; success in detection will depend on information fusion across types of behaviors and time. How to accomplish such fusion is understudied. Finally, because many aspects of using behavioral observations are highly controversial, both scientifically and because of privacy and civil-liberties concerns, the report sharpens the underlying perspectives and suggests ways to resolve some of the controversy while significantly mitigating problems that definitely exist
    Abstract: Government organizations have put substantial effort into detecting and thwarting terrorist and insurgent attacks by observing suspicious behaviors of individuals at transportation checkpoints and elsewhere. This report reviews the scientific literature relating to observable, individual-level behavioral indicators that might-along with other information-help detect potential violent attacks. The report focuses on new or nontraditional technologies and methods, most of which exploit (1) data on communication patterns, (2) "pattern-of-life" data, and/or (3) data relating to body movement and physiological state. To help officials set priorities for special attention and investment, the report proposes an analytic framework for discussion and evaluation; it also urges investment in cost-effectiveness analysis and more vigorous, routine, and sustained efforts to measure real-world effectiveness of methods. One cross-cutting conclusion is that methods for behavioral observation are typically not reliable enough to stand alone; success in detection will depend on information fusion across types of behaviors and time. How to accomplish such fusion is understudied. Finally, because many aspects of using behavioral observations are highly controversial, both scientifically and because of privacy and civil-liberties concerns, the report sharpens the underlying perspectives and suggests ways to resolve some of the controversy while significantly mitigating problems that definitely exist
    Note: "RAND National Security Research Division , "The research was conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Title page verso , Includes bibliographical references (pages 225-258)
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    Leveraging observations of Security Force Assistance in Afghanistan for global operations (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833081902 , 0833083635 , 083308190X , 9780833083630
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvi, 36 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series RR416
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Payne, Leslie Adrienne Leveraging observations of Security Force Assistance in Afghanistan for global operations
    Keywords: International Security Assistance Force (Afghanistan) ; Afghanistan ; International Security Assistance Force (Afghanistan) ; Afghanistan ; Internal security ; Military assistance, American ; Combined operations (Military science) ; Internal security ; Military assistance, American ; Combined operations (Military science) ; Armed Forces ; Stability operations ; Combined operations (Military science) ; Internal security ; Military assistance, American ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Armies ; International Security Assistance Force (Afghanistan) ; Afghanistan ; United States ; Afghanistan ; HISTORY ; Asia ; Central Asia ; United States Armed Forces ; Stability operations ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The U.S. Army's Asymmetric Warfare Group (AWG) requested that the RAND Corporation conduct a study on how to leverage observations from Security Force Assistance (SFA) efforts in Afghanistan for global operations. Researchers interviewed 67 advisors and SFA practitioners at the tactical and operational levels to collect their firsthand insights into SFA. Interviewees included members of security force assistance teams and Special Forces Operational Detachments-Alpha, senior leadership at the brigade level, and AWG Operational Advisers. The enduring nature of most of these challenges suggests that solutions still remain uncertain. Future SFA missions, such as those envisioned for the Army's Regionally Aligned Forces, can benefit from the experience gained from SFA in Afghanistan as captured in this report. These lessons need to be incorporated both at the institutional level and by individual SFA advisers
    Abstract: The U.S. Army's Asymmetric Warfare Group (AWG) requested that the RAND Corporation conduct a study on how to leverage observations from Security Force Assistance (SFA) efforts in Afghanistan for global operations. Researchers interviewed 67 advisors and SFA practitioners at the tactical and operational levels to collect their firsthand insights into SFA. Interviewees included members of security force assistance teams and Special Forces Operational Detachments-Alpha, senior leadership at the brigade level, and AWG Operational Advisers. The enduring nature of most of these challenges suggests that solutions still remain uncertain. Future SFA missions, such as those envisioned for the Army's Regionally Aligned Forces, can benefit from the experience gained from SFA in Afghanistan as captured in this report. These lessons need to be incorporated both at the institutional level and by individual SFA advisers
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 35-36)
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    Health care spending and efficiency in the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833080295 , 0833083406 , 0833080296 , 9780833083401
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 pages)
    Keywords: United States Appropriations and expenditures ; Evaluation ; United States ; Veterans Medical care ; Management ; Veterans ; Expenditures, Public ; United States ; Veterans ; Medical care ; Management ; United States ; HISTORY ; Military ; General ; Electronic books
    Abstract: In its 2013 budget request, the Obama administration sought $140 billion for the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), 54 percent of which would provide mandatory benefits, such as direct compensation and pensions, and 40 percent of which is discretionary spending, earmarked for medical benefits under the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Unlike Medicare, which provides financing for care when its beneficiaries use providers throughout the U.S. health care system, the VHA is a government-run, parallel system that is primarily intended for care provision of veterans. The VHA hires its own doctors and has its own hospital network infrastructure. Although the VHA provides quality services to veterans, it does not preclude veterans from utilizing other forms of care outside of the VHA network--in fact, the majority of veterans' care is received external to the VHA because of location and other system limitations. Veterans typically use other private and public health insurance coverage (for example, Medicare, Medicaid) for external care, and many use both systems in a given year (dual use). Overlapping system use creates the potential for duplicative, uncoordinated, and inefficient use. The authors find some suggestive evidence of such inefficient use, particularly in the area of inpatient care. Coordination management and quality of care received by veterans across both VHA and private sector systems can be optimized (for example, in the area of mental illness, which benefits from an integrated approach across multiple providers and sectors), capitalizing on the best that each system has to offer, without increasing costs
    Note: "RAND Corporation , "The research was conducted within RAND Health"--Back cover , Caption title , Includes bibliographical references (pages 13-14)
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    Robust water-management strategies for the California water plan update 2013 : proof-of-concept analysis (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833082831 , 0833082833
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 pages)
    DDC: 333.91009794
    Keywords: Water resources development ; Water resources development ; California ; Water resources development ; Electronic books
    Abstract: California faces significant challenges in ensuring that its water resources successfully meet diverse needs across the state in the coming decades. Increasing needs due to population and economic growth, increasing agricultural irrigation requirements, and growing desires to dedicate more water to the environment will strain a system nearing or exceeding capacity. These challenges are exacerbated by potential declines in available water supply due to natural variability and climatic changes. How these long-term changes will unfold and affect California⁰́'s water system is highly uncertain. Addressing the future uncertainty and diversity of needs requires a planning approach that is flexible and can support deliberations for different approaches, rather than a single prescription for how to move forward. The California Department of Water Resources' (DWR's) California Water Plan Update 2013 will describe current water management conditions, evaluate future challenges facing the California water sector, and discuss potential solutions. A technical analysis of water management response packages will also be developed. This report describes a proof-of-concept analysis using Robust Decision Making to evaluate water resource management response packages for California's Central Valley (the Sacramento River, San Joaquin River, and Tulare Lake hydrologic regions) under future uncertainty using models developed within the Water Evaluation And Planning environment. This analytic approach will be used to develop a more comprehensive analysis for the California Water Plan Update 2013. The analysis described in this report was presented to DWR's Statewide Water Analysis Network in May 2011
    Abstract: California faces significant challenges in ensuring that its water resources successfully meet diverse needs across the state in the coming decades. Increasing needs due to population and economic growth, increasing agricultural irrigation requirements, and growing desires to dedicate more water to the environment will strain a system nearing or exceeding capacity. These challenges are exacerbated by potential declines in available water supply due to natural variability and climatic changes. How these long-term changes will unfold and affect California⁰́'s water system is highly uncertain. Addressing the future uncertainty and diversity of needs requires a planning approach that is flexible and can support deliberations for different approaches, rather than a single prescription for how to move forward. The California Department of Water Resources' (DWR's) California Water Plan Update 2013 will describe current water management conditions, evaluate future challenges facing the California water sector, and discuss potential solutions. A technical analysis of water management response packages will also be developed. This report describes a proof-of-concept analysis using Robust Decision Making to evaluate water resource management response packages for California's Central Valley (the Sacramento River, San Joaquin River, and Tulare Lake hydrologic regions) under future uncertainty using models developed within the Water Evaluation And Planning environment. This analytic approach will be used to develop a more comprehensive analysis for the California Water Plan Update 2013. The analysis described in this report was presented to DWR's Statewide Water Analysis Network in May 2011
    Note: "RAND Corporation , "This research reported here was conducted in the RAND Environment, Energy, and Economic Development Program ⁰́Œ part of RAND Justice, Infrastructure, and Environment"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen (viewed June 14, 2013)
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    Knowledge-based economies and basing economies on knowledge : skills a missing link in GCC countries (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833082879 , 0833082876
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 pages)
    DDC: 658.3
    Keywords: Information resources Economic aspects ; Communication and technology ; Human capital ; Telecommunication Technological innovations ; Knowledge economy ; Information technology Economic aspects ; Information resources ; Communication and technology ; Human capital ; Telecommunication ; Knowledge economy ; Information technology ; Communication and technology ; Human capital ; Knowledge economy ; Telecommunication ; Technological innovations ; Middle East ; Persian Gulf States ; Information resources ; Economic aspects ; Information technology ; Economic aspects ; Electronic books
    Abstract: While an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure is a crucial ingredient of a knowledge-based economy (KBE), a skilled labor force and a supportive institutional and business environment are equally important in that they facilitate an economy to use knowledge in a way that is appropriate to its level of development to increase productivity. Skills, education, and training are given their own importance in many countries, but these factors are not given as much attention as technology in discussions of the knowledge economy. However, without sufficient human capital and the appropriate policies in place to take advantage of adopted technologies, their potential is unlikely to be realized. This paper adopts a cross-country perspective and uses indicators and sub-indicators developed by various economic organizations to assess the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries in terms of their development in the various dimensions of a knowledge economy. This assessment finds that, while the GCC countries have performed well in providing a physical ICT infrastructure, they need to focus more on human capital and the business environment to foster the balanced development of their knowledge economies
    Abstract: While an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure is a crucial ingredient of a knowledge-based economy (KBE), a skilled labor force and a supportive institutional and business environment are equally important in that they facilitate an economy to use knowledge in a way that is appropriate to its level of development to increase productivity. Skills, education, and training are given their own importance in many countries, but these factors are not given as much attention as technology in discussions of the knowledge economy. However, without sufficient human capital and the appropriate policies in place to take advantage of adopted technologies, their potential is unlikely to be realized. This paper adopts a cross-country perspective and uses indicators and sub-indicators developed by various economic organizations to assess the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries in terms of their development in the various dimensions of a knowledge economy. This assessment finds that, while the GCC countries have performed well in providing a physical ICT infrastructure, they need to focus more on human capital and the business environment to foster the balanced development of their knowledge economies
    Note: "RAND Corporation , "The research described in this report was conducted in RAND⁰́₉s Justice, Infrastructure, and Environment and Labor and Population units with collaboration with the RAND Qatar Policy Institute and the RAND Center for Middle East Public Policy, a center within RAND⁰́₉s International Programs , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen (viewed May 30, 2013)
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    Evaluation of the Caruth Police Institute at Dallas (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833083678 , 0833083678
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 pages)
    DDC: 363.2097642812
    Keywords: Caruth Police Institute Evaluation ; Caruth Police Institute ; Police Study and teaching ; Police training ; Police ; Police training ; Police training ; Texas ; Dallas ; Evaluation ; Police ; Study and teaching ; Caruth Police Institute ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The Caruth Police Institute (CPI), funded by the Communities Foundation of Texas, was designed for the benefit of the Dallas Police Department (DPD) to create staff development courses and to bring the expertise of academic experts and business leaders to bear on complex policing problems. This report presents a three-year evaluation of the CPI, covering development of its research activities, its effect, and its sustainability. The authors conducted a series of in-depth interviews with key informants in the DPD and participants in previous CPI courses to gauge the success and impact of the program. Additionally, they used fiscal data provided by CPI staff and information about business models gained in interviews with heads of other police leadership programs to develop examples of how CPI might balance revenues and expenses in order to sustain itself
    Abstract: The Caruth Police Institute (CPI), funded by the Communities Foundation of Texas, was designed for the benefit of the Dallas Police Department (DPD) to create staff development courses and to bring the expertise of academic experts and business leaders to bear on complex policing problems. This report presents a three-year evaluation of the CPI, covering development of its research activities, its effect, and its sustainability. The authors conducted a series of in-depth interviews with key informants in the DPD and participants in previous CPI courses to gauge the success and impact of the program. Additionally, they used fiscal data provided by CPI staff and information about business models gained in interviews with heads of other police leadership programs to develop examples of how CPI might balance revenues and expenses in order to sustain itself
    Note: "RAND Corporation , "The research reported here was conducted in the RAND Safety and Justice Program"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references (page 63) , Title from title screen (viewed on August 26, 2013)
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    Exploring the addition of physician identifiers to the California hospital discharge data set (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833082770 , 0833082779
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 pages)
    DDC: 362.1109794021
    Keywords: Medical care Handbooks, manuals, etc Data processing ; Hospitals Admission and discharge ; Data processing ; Medical care ; Hospitals ; Data Collection ; Patient Discharge ; Practice Patterns, Physicians' ; Hospitalization ; Medical care ; Data processing ; Handbooks and manuals ; California ; Hospitals ; Admission and discharge ; Data processing ; California ; Electronic books
    Abstract: To advance consideration of whether California should collect and release physician-identified data, RAND conducted a study to explore issues associated with requiring the inclusion of physician identifiers in the California hospital discharge data set and the potential use of physician-identified data by the state and/or release to others. RAND researchers conducted interviews with a broad set of California stakeholders, reviewed the legal and regulatory authority of the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development to collect and release physician identifiers, and interviewed representatives from other states to understand any issues encountered by the states in their collection and use of physician-identified data. The authors found that physician-identified data could be useful to a variety of stakeholders. Of the 48 states that have hospital discharge reporting programs, all but California collect physician identifiers and do so without substantial burden to hospitals. States vary in their release policies, but those who do release the data have not reported problems. California stakeholders expressed concerns related to who would have access to the data, how the data would be analyzed, and how consumers would interpret the information, which should be carefully considered in efforts to advance the collection of physician identifiers in the California hospital discharge data
    Abstract: To advance consideration of whether California should collect and release physician-identified data, RAND conducted a study to explore issues associated with requiring the inclusion of physician identifiers in the California hospital discharge data set and the potential use of physician-identified data by the state and/or release to others. RAND researchers conducted interviews with a broad set of California stakeholders, reviewed the legal and regulatory authority of the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development to collect and release physician identifiers, and interviewed representatives from other states to understand any issues encountered by the states in their collection and use of physician-identified data. The authors found that physician-identified data could be useful to a variety of stakeholders. Of the 48 states that have hospital discharge reporting programs, all but California collect physician identifiers and do so without substantial burden to hospitals. States vary in their release policies, but those who do release the data have not reported problems. California stakeholders expressed concerns related to who would have access to the data, how the data would be analyzed, and how consumers would interpret the information, which should be carefully considered in efforts to advance the collection of physician identifiers in the California hospital discharge data
    Note: "RAND Health , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen (viewed on January 25, 2013)
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    The economic impact of the Affordable Care Act on Arkansas (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833083760 , 0833083767
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 pages)
    DDC: 362.109747
    Keywords: United States Administration ; United States ; Health care reform Finance ; Health care reform ; Universal Coverage organization & administration ; Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act organization & administration ; Health Care Reform economics ; Insurance, Health economics ; Universal Health Insurance organization & administration ; Management ; Arkansas ; Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (United States) ; Health care reform ; Finance ; Arkansas ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The Affordable Care Act (ACA) will increase coverage through the expansion of Medicaid and the creation of a Health Insurance Exchange with subsidies. RAND researchers analyzed the ACA⁰́₉s economic impact on the state of Arkansas and found that by 2016, about 400,000 people will be newly insured, net federal payments to the state will amount to $430 million annually, and the total gross domestic product will see a net increase of $550 million
    Note: "RAND Health , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen (viewed January 4, 2013)
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    A two-step procedure to estimate participation and premiums in multistate health plans (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833082893 , 0833082892
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 pages)
    DDC: 368.38/200973
    Keywords: United States ; United States ; Health insurance ; Health insurance ; United States ; Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (United States) ; Health insurance ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Multistate plans (MSPs) provide an attractive alternative among the health insurance plans established by the Affordable Care Act (ACA) because they will have to be offered in multiple states. In this study, the authors⁰́₉ first objective was to identify and characterize population groups that would likely be interested in enrolling in MSPs (Phase 1 of the study). The second objective was to develop a methodology to project participation and to estimate premiums for these plans (Phase 2). For this second phase, the authors developed a two-step procedure to estimate the demand for MSPs. In the first step, they used the COMPARE microsimulation model and its utility maximization algorithms to project enrollment, irrespective of whether exchange participants choose an MSP or another exchange plan. The second step consists of calculating MSP premiums by means of a tool written in the R language that separates MSP participants from enrollees in other exchange plans using criteria selectable by the user. In this report, the authors present results from Phase 1 and from the first step of Phase 2 and explain the methodology and challenges associated with the second step. National-level microsimulation results suggest that three target population groups expected to prefer MSPs are also more likely to join the exchanges than the general population by over two percentage points. States with a higher uninsurance rate and lower participation in the nongroup market under current law, such as Texas, are projected to have a larger percentage enrollment in the individual market exchanges after enactment of the ACA. Thus, these states may also have a higher percentage of MSP participants than other states. The main policy recommendation is for the Office of Personnel Management to make use of the findings of this report and to exercise the MSP premium calculator tool to aid in the implementation of the Multistate Plan Program
    Abstract: Multistate plans (MSPs) provide an attractive alternative among the health insurance plans established by the Affordable Care Act (ACA) because they will have to be offered in multiple states. In this study, the authors⁰́₉ first objective was to identify and characterize population groups that would likely be interested in enrolling in MSPs (Phase 1 of the study). The second objective was to develop a methodology to project participation and to estimate premiums for these plans (Phase 2). For this second phase, the authors developed a two-step procedure to estimate the demand for MSPs. In the first step, they used the COMPARE microsimulation model and its utility maximization algorithms to project enrollment, irrespective of whether exchange participants choose an MSP or another exchange plan. The second step consists of calculating MSP premiums by means of a tool written in the R language that separates MSP participants from enrollees in other exchange plans using criteria selectable by the user. In this report, the authors present results from Phase 1 and from the first step of Phase 2 and explain the methodology and challenges associated with the second step. National-level microsimulation results suggest that three target population groups expected to prefer MSPs are also more likely to join the exchanges than the general population by over two percentage points. States with a higher uninsurance rate and lower participation in the nongroup market under current law, such as Texas, are projected to have a larger percentage enrollment in the individual market exchanges after enactment of the ACA. Thus, these states may also have a higher percentage of MSP participants than other states. The main policy recommendation is for the Office of Personnel Management to make use of the findings of this report and to exercise the MSP premium calculator tool to aid in the implementation of the Multistate Plan Program
    Note: "RAND Health , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen (viewed March 20, 2013)
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    Supporting employers in the reserve operational forces era : appendixes (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833083708 , 0833083708
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (145 pages)
    DDC: 344.7301/25763
    Keywords: United States ; United States ; Soldiers Employment ; Employee retention ; Soldiers ; Employee retention ; Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 (United States) ; Employee retention ; Soldiers ; Employment ; United States ; United States National Guard ; Employment ; United States Armed Forces ; Reserves ; Employment ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve (ESGR), a U.S. Department of Defense office (DoD), asked the RAND Corporation to study the implications that using the Reserve Components (RCs) as an operational force can have for employers in view of employment rights protections for RC members. Specifically, ESGR wanted to know whether changes are needed to the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA), 1994 legislation designed to prevent hiring discrimination and bolster job protection for members of the armed forces, including those of the RCs; ESGR support programs; or RC activation and deployment policies, given the increased mobilization of the National Guard and Reserve and the continuing need to balance the rights, duties, and obligations of employers, RC members, and RC members⁰́₉ families. The study involved the review and analysis of existing research and data related to USERRA and the effects on employers of employee absences more generally, an analysis of the 2011 DoD National Survey of Employers, focus groups with employers conducted in 2012, interviews with RC chiefs conducted in 2011, and a legal and legislative history review of USERRA. This report describes key findings from the analysis
    Abstract: Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve (ESGR), a U.S. Department of Defense office (DoD), asked the RAND Corporation to study the implications that using the Reserve Components (RCs) as an operational force can have for employers in view of employment rights protections for RC members. Specifically, ESGR wanted to know whether changes are needed to the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA), 1994 legislation designed to prevent hiring discrimination and bolster job protection for members of the armed forces, including those of the RCs; ESGR support programs; or RC activation and deployment policies, given the increased mobilization of the National Guard and Reserve and the continuing need to balance the rights, duties, and obligations of employers, RC members, and RC members⁰́₉ families. The study involved the review and analysis of existing research and data related to USERRA and the effects on employers of employee absences more generally, an analysis of the 2011 DoD National Survey of Employers, focus groups with employers conducted in 2012, interviews with RC chiefs conducted in 2011, and a legal and legislative history review of USERRA. This report describes key findings from the analysis
    Note: "RAND National Security Research Division , "The research was conducted within the Forces and Resources Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Page [ii] , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen (viewed August 23, 2013)
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  • 81
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    Portfolio optimization by means of multiple tandem certainty-uncertainty searches : a technical description (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833082954 , 0833082957
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 pages)
    DDC: 519.3
    Keywords: Mathematical optimization ; Mathematical optimization ; Mathematical optimization ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This paper describes a new approach to a very difficult process of optimization under uncertainty. This approach is to find the optimal solution to a problem by designing a number of search algorithms or schemes in a way that allows analysts to apply to a problem that contains a significantly larger number of decision variables, uncertain parameters, and uncertain scenarios than analysts have had to contend with until now. The specific purpose of this paper is to convert a provisional patent application entitled Portfolio Optimization by Means of a Ranking and Competing Search by the author into a published volume available for public use. This approach and its associated search algorithms have a key feature⁰́₄they generate typically 10,000 uncertain scenarios according to their uncertainty distribution functions. While each of these scenarios is a point in the larger uncertainty space, the originally uncertain parameters are specified for the scenario and are, thereby, "determined" or "certain." Thus, the solvable mixed-integer linear programming model can be used "under certainty" (i.e., deterministically) to find the optimal solution for that scenario. Doing this for numerous scenarios provides a great deal of knowledge and facilitates the search for the optimal solution⁰́₄or one close to it⁰́₄for the larger problem under uncertainty. Thus, this approach allows one to avoid the impossible task of performing millions or trillions of searches to find the optimal solution for each scenario, yet enables one to gain just as much knowledge as if one were doing so
    Abstract: This paper describes a new approach to a very difficult process of optimization under uncertainty. This approach is to find the optimal solution to a problem by designing a number of search algorithms or schemes in a way that allows analysts to apply to a problem that contains a significantly larger number of decision variables, uncertain parameters, and uncertain scenarios than analysts have had to contend with until now. The specific purpose of this paper is to convert a provisional patent application entitled Portfolio Optimization by Means of a Ranking and Competing Search by the author into a published volume available for public use. This approach and its associated search algorithms have a key feature⁰́₄they generate typically 10,000 uncertain scenarios according to their uncertainty distribution functions. While each of these scenarios is a point in the larger uncertainty space, the originally uncertain parameters are specified for the scenario and are, thereby, "determined" or "certain." Thus, the solvable mixed-integer linear programming model can be used "under certainty" (i.e., deterministically) to find the optimal solution for that scenario. Doing this for numerous scenarios provides a great deal of knowledge and facilitates the search for the optimal solution⁰́₄or one close to it⁰́₄for the larger problem under uncertainty. Thus, this approach allows one to avoid the impossible task of performing millions or trillions of searches to find the optimal solution for each scenario, yet enables one to gain just as much knowledge as if one were doing so
    Note: "RAND Corporation , "March 15, 2013 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen (viewed March 15, 2013)
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  • 82
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    Strategically aligned family research : supporting soldier and family quality of life research for policy decisionmaking (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833081148 , 0833081144 , 9780833077899 , 0833077899
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xix, 68 pages)
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    DDC: 355.120973
    Keywords: Social indicators Research ; Soldiers Services for ; Evaluation ; Families of military personnel Social conditions ; Quality of life Research ; Families of military personnel Services for ; Evaluation ; Soldiers Social conditions ; Social indicators ; Soldiers ; Families of military personnel ; Quality of life ; Families of military personnel ; Soldiers ; United States ; Law, Politics & Government ; Social indicators ; Research ; Soldiers ; Social conditions ; Military & Naval Science ; Military Administration ; Quality of life ; Research ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The Army spends hundreds of millions of dollars annually on soldier and family support or quality of life (QOL) programs intended to ease the stress of military life and thereby enhance well-being, improve readiness, and sustain recruiting and retention. However, research in support of these programs to determine needs, access, and effectiveness is fragmented, duplicative, and at times lacking in quality or depth of analysis. The Army leadership wants to develop a research agenda to inform the Army of the QOL needs of soldiers and families, help gauge the success of programs, improve coordination of research efforts, and determine how best to allocate resources to achieve its objectives. This analysis concludes that the Army currently lacks a clear awareness of relevant research on soldier and family QOL, and it also lacks the institutional mechanisms and resources to systematically collect and synthesize data and analysis to inform decisionmaking. Furthermore, both domain-specific research and a broader, more holistic understanding of QOL-to put domain-specific research in context-are critical. As a first step, we recommend that the Army develop an explicitly agreed-upon lexicon, outcomes, and metrics to identify and develop relevant research to inform intra- and interorganizational discussions and decisionmaking on QOL. The Army should also consider adopting a comprehensive approach to needs assessment to develop a holistic picture of support service gaps and their relative importance to well-being
    Abstract: The Army spends hundreds of millions of dollars annually on soldier and family support or quality of life (QOL) programs intended to ease the stress of military life and thereby enhance well-being, improve readiness, and sustain recruiting and retention. However, research in support of these programs to determine needs, access, and effectiveness is fragmented, duplicative, and at times lacking in quality or depth of analysis. The Army leadership wants to develop a research agenda to inform the Army of the QOL needs of soldiers and families, help gauge the success of programs, improve coordination of research efforts, and determine how best to allocate resources to achieve its objectives. This analysis concludes that the Army currently lacks a clear awareness of relevant research on soldier and family QOL, and it also lacks the institutional mechanisms and resources to systematically collect and synthesize data and analysis to inform decisionmaking. Furthermore, both domain-specific research and a broader, more holistic understanding of QOL-to put domain-specific research in context-are critical. As a first step, we recommend that the Army develop an explicitly agreed-upon lexicon, outcomes, and metrics to identify and develop relevant research to inform intra- and interorganizational discussions and decisionmaking on QOL. The Army should also consider adopting a comprehensive approach to needs assessment to develop a holistic picture of support service gaps and their relative importance to well-being
    Note: "RAND Arroyo Center , "This project was conducted within RAND Arroyo Center's Manpower and Training Program"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references (pages 63-68)
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  • 83
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    Using EPIC to find conflicts, inconsistencies, and gaps in Department of Defense policies (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833076762 , 0833081926 , 0833076760 , 9780833081926
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxii, 63 pages)
    Series Statement: Technical report Using EPIC to find conflicts, inconsistencies, and gaps in Department of Defense policies
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Keywords: United States Personnel management ; Data processing ; United States Officials and employees ; Selection and appointment ; United States ; United States ; Manpower ; Manpower ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Administration ; United States ; United States ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Political Freedom ; Manpower ; Personnel management ; Data processing ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The authors present a framework and methodology to identify the roles and responsibilities (R & R) of those implementing Department of Defense policies and also potential conflicts, ambiguities, gaps, inconsistencies, and redundancies in those policies. They introduce a new software tool that automates one step of the methodology-EPIC-and demonstrate its use with three case studies to illustrate the technique and also the tool's flexibility. EPIC allows analysts to efficiently analyze multiple policy documents to detect potential conflicts in policy early on, thereby allowing policy developers to focus their attention on the need for clarification and, possibly, changes in policy. The authors relate executive positions to R & R and the products that result from their execution. If it can be shown that more than one actor is assigned to take the same action on the same product, then a potential conflict exists in the body of policy. If, on the other hand, no executive is assigned to take action on a product, then there is a potential gap in the body of policy. Use of this new tool will result in better and more consistent defense policy
    Abstract: The authors present a framework and methodology to identify the roles and responsibilities (R & R) of those implementing Department of Defense policies and also potential conflicts, ambiguities, gaps, inconsistencies, and redundancies in those policies. They introduce a new software tool that automates one step of the methodology-EPIC-and demonstrate its use with three case studies to illustrate the technique and also the tool's flexibility. EPIC allows analysts to efficiently analyze multiple policy documents to detect potential conflicts in policy early on, thereby allowing policy developers to focus their attention on the need for clarification and, possibly, changes in policy. The authors relate executive positions to R & R and the products that result from their execution. If it can be shown that more than one actor is assigned to take the same action on the same product, then a potential conflict exists in the body of policy. If, on the other hand, no executive is assigned to take action on a product, then there is a potential gap in the body of policy. Use of this new tool will result in better and more consistent defense policy
    Note: "RAND National Defense Research Institute , "This research was conducted within the Acquisition and Technology Policy Center (ATPC) of RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references (pages 61-63)
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  • 84
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    Assessment of the Air Force Materiel Command reorganization : report for Congress (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833082503 , 0833084682 , 0833082507 , 9780833084682
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxi, 76 pages)
    Series Statement: Research report (Rand Corporation) RR389
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Snyder, Don Assessment of the Air Force Materiel Command reorganization
    Keywords: United States Reorganization ; Evaluation ; United States ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Air Forces ; United States ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; American Government ; General ; Electronic books
    Abstract: In fiscal year 2012, the Air Force Materiel Command reorganized as one of a number of initiatives to achieve mandated budget reductions. In the Fiscal Year 2013 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), Congress required an assessment of five elements of this reorganization: (1) the effectiveness and efficiency of the reorganization; (2) the extent to which synergies due to collocation among developmental test and evaluation, science and technology, and acquisition can be replicated in the new organization; (3) the reorganization's impact on other commands' ability to meet their responsibilities for operational test and evaluation and follow-on test and evaluation; (4) whether the reorganization is in adherence with 10 U.S. Code Section 2687 (i.e., BRAC law); and (5) the extent to which the Air Force coordinated the reorganization with the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) and if any concerns raised by OSD were addressed. This document fulfills the NDAA reporting requirements
    Abstract: In fiscal year 2012, the Air Force Materiel Command reorganized as one of a number of initiatives to achieve mandated budget reductions. In the Fiscal Year 2013 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), Congress required an assessment of five elements of this reorganization: (1) the effectiveness and efficiency of the reorganization; (2) the extent to which synergies due to collocation among developmental test and evaluation, science and technology, and acquisition can be replicated in the new organization; (3) the reorganization's impact on other commands' ability to meet their responsibilities for operational test and evaluation and follow-on test and evaluation; (4) whether the reorganization is in adherence with 10 U.S. Code Section 2687 (i.e., BRAC law); and (5) the extent to which the Air Force coordinated the reorganization with the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) and if any concerns raised by OSD were addressed. This document fulfills the NDAA reporting requirements
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 73-76)
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  • 85
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    Delaying the employer mandate : small change in the short term, big cost in the long run (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833083074 , 0833083074
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 pages)
    DDC: 344.73022
    Keywords: United States ; United States ; Health care reform ; Health care reform ; Health Care Reform ; Insurance Coverage ; Insurance, Health economics ; Health care reform ; Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (United States) ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: In July 2013, the Obama administration announced a one-year delay in enforcement of the Affordable Care Act⁰́₉s (ACA) penalty on large employers that do not offer affordable health insurance coverage. To help policymakers understand the implications of this decision, RAND analysts employed the COMPARE microsimulation model to gauge the impact of the one-year delay of the so-called employer mandate. They found that the delay will not have a large impact on insurance coverage: Because relatively few firms and employees are affected, only 300,000 fewer people, or 0.2% of the population, will have access to insurance from their employer, and nearly all of these will get insurance from another source. However, a one-year delay in implementation of the mandate will result in $11 billion dollars less in federal inflows from employer penalties for that year. A full repeal of the employer mandate would cause revenue to fall by $149 billion over the next ten years (10% of the ACA⁰́₉s spending offsets), providing substantially less money to pay for other components of the law. The bottom line: the on-year delay in the employer mandate will have relatively few consequences, primarily resulting in a relatively small one-year drop in revenue; however, a complete elimination of the mandate would have a large cumulative net cost, potentially removing a nontrivial revenue source that in turn funds the coverage provisions in the ACA
    Note: "RAND Corporation , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen (viewed August 9, 2013)
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  • 86
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    U.S. Navy employment options for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833084699 , 0833084690 , 9780833081438 , 0833081438
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxxv, 119 pages)
    Keywords: United States ; United States ; Remote control ; Vehicles, Remotely piloted ; Robotics Military applications ; Remote control ; Vehicles, Remotely piloted ; Robotics ; United States ; Law, Politics & Government ; United States ; Vehicles, Remotely piloted ; Naval Science - General ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Remote control ; Robotics ; Military applications ; Military & Naval Science ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report assesses in what ways and to what degree unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) are suitable for supporting U.S. Navy missions and functions. It briefly characterizes the current and emerging USV marketplaces to provide a baseline for near-term capabilities, describes USV concepts of employment to support diverse U.S. Navy missions and functions, and evaluates these concepts of employment to identify specific missions and functions for which they are highly suitable. USVs offer several particular strengths relative to other platforms, including the ability to interact both above and below the waterline, enabling them to serve as critical nodes for cross-domain networks. They also have potentially longer endurance, larger payloads, and higher power outputs than comparably sized unmanned air or undersea vehicles. Additionally, their greater risk tolerance compared with manned systems makes them desirable platforms for overcoming adversaries' anti-access and area-denial measures. These strengths make USVs particularly suitable for missions such as characterizing the physical environment, observation and collection regarding adversaries, mine warfare, military deception/information operations/electronic warfare, defense against small boats, testing and training, search and rescue, and the support of other unmanned vehicles. However, USVs need advanced autonomy and assured communications to complete complex missions, as well as any missions in complex environments. Autonomous seakeeping and maritime traffic avoidance are USV-specific capabilities that likely need to be developed with U.S. Navy involvement. Also, optional manning and payload modularity can enhance the desirability of USV programs
    Abstract: This report assesses in what ways and to what degree unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) are suitable for supporting U.S. Navy missions and functions. It briefly characterizes the current and emerging USV marketplaces to provide a baseline for near-term capabilities, describes USV concepts of employment to support diverse U.S. Navy missions and functions, and evaluates these concepts of employment to identify specific missions and functions for which they are highly suitable. USVs offer several particular strengths relative to other platforms, including the ability to interact both above and below the waterline, enabling them to serve as critical nodes for cross-domain networks. They also have potentially longer endurance, larger payloads, and higher power outputs than comparably sized unmanned air or undersea vehicles. Additionally, their greater risk tolerance compared with manned systems makes them desirable platforms for overcoming adversaries' anti-access and area-denial measures. These strengths make USVs particularly suitable for missions such as characterizing the physical environment, observation and collection regarding adversaries, mine warfare, military deception/information operations/electronic warfare, defense against small boats, testing and training, search and rescue, and the support of other unmanned vehicles. However, USVs need advanced autonomy and assured communications to complete complex missions, as well as any missions in complex environments. Autonomous seakeeping and maritime traffic avoidance are USV-specific capabilities that likely need to be developed with U.S. Navy involvement. Also, optional manning and payload modularity can enhance the desirability of USV programs
    Note: "RAND National Defense Research Institute , "This research was ... conducted within the Acquisition and Technology Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references (pages 117-119)
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  • 87
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    A computational model of public support for insurgency and terrorism : a prototype for more-general social-science modeling (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833079190 , 0833083201
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxi, 88 pages)
    DDC: 303.6/2501
    Keywords: Terrorism ; Terrorism ; Insurgency ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Introduction -- Specifying the Model -- Implementation in a High-Level Language -- Looking Ahead to Exploratory Analysis Under Uncertainty -- Using the Model for Knowledge Elicitation, Discussion, and Diagnosis -- Appendix A: Primer on Factor Trees (a reprint) -- Appendix B: Verification and Validation -- Appendix C: Eliciting Factor Values -- Appendix D: Mathematics for "And" and "Or" Relationships
    DOI: 10.7249/j.ctt5hhw44
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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    Enhancing critical thinking skills for Army leaders using blended-learning methods (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833079091 , 0833081985 , 0833079093 , 9780833081988
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxxiv, 134 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series RR172
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Straus, Susan G Enhancing critical thinking skills for Army leaders using blended-learning methods
    Keywords: United States Officers ; Training of ; United States ; Distance education Computer-assisted instruction ; Military education Technological innovations ; Blended learning ; Distance education ; Military education ; Blended learning ; Armed Forces ; Officers ; Training of ; Blended learning ; Distance education ; Computer-assisted instruction ; Military education ; Technological innovations ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Science - General ; United States ; United States ; LAW ; Torts ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The U.S. Army's Command and General Staff School offers its Advanced Operations Course (AOC) for junior field-grade officers using both traditional resident instruction and a model referred to as blended distributed learning (BDL). The BDL course lasts 12 months and uses a variety of information and communication technologies to support synchronous and asynchronous collaboration among students and instructors entirely at a distance, with most students completing the course on discretionary time. This report assesses the effectiveness of AOC-BDL based on student and graduate surveys and identifies best practices for BDL from empirical research and case studies. Results show that the course has a number of strengths and that students were generally satisfied with the course. However, student responses also suggest that improvements are needed to support computer-supported cooperative learning and collaboration in distributed teams, particularly for instruction and collaboration on complex tasks. Furthermore, while students were satisfied with instruction for some operational topics, their responses may indicate needs for improvement in instruction of critical field-grade competencies, such as the military decision making process, problem solving, and communication skills, and in teaching leadership skills corresponding to a range of operational environments. Case studies and the research literature point to a number of best practices and options for improvement. Adding a resident segment may offer the greatest potential for improvement but may not be feasible in this context. Alternatives for improvement include modifying the composition of student teams to alleviate coordination challenges, moving the course delivery platform to a dotcom to improve technology reliability and functionality, and addressing policy to ensure that the chain of command and employers provided dedicated time for students to work on the course
    Abstract: The U.S. Army's Command and General Staff School offers its Advanced Operations Course (AOC) for junior field-grade officers using both traditional resident instruction and a model referred to as blended distributed learning (BDL). The BDL course lasts 12 months and uses a variety of information and communication technologies to support synchronous and asynchronous collaboration among students and instructors entirely at a distance, with most students completing the course on discretionary time. This report assesses the effectiveness of AOC-BDL based on student and graduate surveys and identifies best practices for BDL from empirical research and case studies. Results show that the course has a number of strengths and that students were generally satisfied with the course. However, student responses also suggest that improvements are needed to support computer-supported cooperative learning and collaboration in distributed teams, particularly for instruction and collaboration on complex tasks. Furthermore, while students were satisfied with instruction for some operational topics, their responses may indicate needs for improvement in instruction of critical field-grade competencies, such as the military decision making process, problem solving, and communication skills, and in teaching leadership skills corresponding to a range of operational environments. Case studies and the research literature point to a number of best practices and options for improvement. Adding a resident segment may offer the greatest potential for improvement but may not be feasible in this context. Alternatives for improvement include modifying the composition of student teams to alleviate coordination challenges, moving the course delivery platform to a dotcom to improve technology reliability and functionality, and addressing policy to ensure that the chain of command and employers provided dedicated time for students to work on the course
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 127-134)
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    Support for the 21st-century reserve force : insights to facilitate successful reintegration for citizen warriors and their families (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833081384 , 0833081993 , 0833081381 , 9780833081995
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxxii, 215 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series RR206
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Werber, Laura Support for the 21st-century reserve force
    Keywords: Families of military personnel Services for ; Veterans Services for ; Veteran reintegration ; Families of military personnel ; Veterans ; Veteran reintegration ; Veterans ; Services for ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Administration ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; United States ; Armed Forces ; Armed Forces ; Reserves ; Families of military personnel ; Services for ; Veteran reintegration ; United States National Guard ; United States National Guard ; Recruiting, enlistment, etc ; United States Armed Forces ; Reserves ; Recruiting, enlistment, etc ; United States Armed Forces ; Reserves ; United States ; United States ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Many studies have examined the impact of deployment on military families, but few have assessed either the challenges that guard and reserve families face following deployment or how they manage the reintegration phase of the deployment cycle. This report aims to facilitate the successful reintegration of guard and reserve personnel as they return to civilian life after deployment. Using surveys and interviews with guard and reserve families, along with interviews with resource providers, this report examines how these families fare after deployment, the challenges they confront during that time frame, and the strategies and resources they use to navigate the reintegration phase. Factors associated with reintegration success include the adequacy of communication between families and the service member's unit or Service and between service members and their families, initial readiness for deployment, family finances, and whether the service member returns with a psychological issue or physical injury. Successful reintegration from the families' perspective was related to measures of military readiness, such as the service members' plans to continue guard or reserve service. In addition, there is a wide-ranging and complex 'web of support' available to assist families with reintegration, including U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) programs, state and local government agencies, private nonprofit and for-profit resource providers, faith-based organizations, and informal resources (such as family, friends, and social networks). Opportunities for collaboration among providers abound. DoD does not have to 'do it all, ' but the report suggests steps it can take to ensure that reintegration proceeds as smoothly as possible
    Abstract: Many studies have examined the impact of deployment on military families, but few have assessed either the challenges that guard and reserve families face following deployment or how they manage the reintegration phase of the deployment cycle. This report aims to facilitate the successful reintegration of guard and reserve personnel as they return to civilian life after deployment. Using surveys and interviews with guard and reserve families, along with interviews with resource providers, this report examines how these families fare after deployment, the challenges they confront during that time frame, and the strategies and resources they use to navigate the reintegration phase. Factors associated with reintegration success include the adequacy of communication between families and the service member's unit or Service and between service members and their families, initial readiness for deployment, family finances, and whether the service member returns with a psychological issue or physical injury. Successful reintegration from the families' perspective was related to measures of military readiness, such as the service members' plans to continue guard or reserve service. In addition, there is a wide-ranging and complex 'web of support' available to assist families with reintegration, including U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) programs, state and local government agencies, private nonprofit and for-profit resource providers, faith-based organizations, and informal resources (such as family, friends, and social networks). Opportunities for collaboration among providers abound. DoD does not have to 'do it all, ' but the report suggests steps it can take to ensure that reintegration proceeds as smoothly as possible
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 90
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    Do joint fighter programs save money? : technical appendixes on methodology (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833079329 , 0833084879 , 0833079328 , 9780833084873
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xviii, 66 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation monograph series MG1225z1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lorell, Mark A Do joint fighter programs save money?
    Keywords: United States Procurement ; United States ; Fighter planes Costs ; Fighter planes ; Law, Politics & Government ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Armed Forces ; Procurement ; United States ; Fighter planes ; Costs ; Air Forces ; Military & Naval Science ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Appendix A: Calculation of Theoretical Maximum Joint Aircraft Acquisition Program Savings -- Appendix B: Calculation of the Joint Acquisition Cost-Growth Premium from Historical Aircraft Programs -- Appendix C: Calculation of Maximum Joint O&S Savings from an "Ideal" Joint Fighter Program -- Appendix D: Exploring the Magnitude of Joint O&S Savings Needed to Offset Joint Acquisition Cost-Growth Premium -- Appendix E: Primary Methodology for Comparing JSF Costs with Those of Three Notional Single-Service Fighters -- Appendix F: Alternative Procurement Methodology and Results for Comparing JSF Costs with Those of Three Notional Single-Service Fighters
    Abstract: Appendix A: Calculation of Theoretical Maximum Joint Aircraft Acquisition Program Savings -- Appendix B: Calculation of the Joint Acquisition Cost-Growth Premium from Historical Aircraft Programs -- Appendix C: Calculation of Maximum Joint O&S Savings from an "Ideal" Joint Fighter Program -- Appendix D: Exploring the Magnitude of Joint O&S Savings Needed to Offset Joint Acquisition Cost-Growth Premium -- Appendix E: Primary Methodology for Comparing JSF Costs with Those of Three Notional Single-Service Fighters -- Appendix F: Alternative Procurement Methodology and Results for Comparing JSF Costs with Those of Three Notional Single-Service Fighters
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 55-66)
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  • 91
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    Adapting to a changing Colorado River : making future water deliveries more reliable through robust management strategies (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833081797 , 083308481X , 0833081799 , 9780833084811
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxvii, 70 pages)
    Keywords: Climatic changes ; Decision making ; Water-supply Management ; Water resources development ; Uncertainty ; Climatic changes ; Decision making ; Water-supply ; Water resources development ; Uncertainty ; Business & Economics ; Agricultural Economics ; North America ; Colorado River Watershed ; SCIENCE ; Earth Sciences ; Meteorology & Climatology ; Climatic changes ; Decision making ; Uncertainty ; Water resources development ; Water-supply ; Management ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and water management agencies representing the seven Colorado River Basin States initiated the Colorado River Basin Study in January 2010 to evaluate the resiliency of the Colorado River system over the next 50 years and compare different options for ensuring successful management of the river's resources. RAND was asked to join this Basin Study Team in January 2012 to help develop an analytic approach to identify key vulnerabilities in managing the Colorado River basin over the coming decades and to evaluate different options that could reduce this vulnerability. Using a quantitative approach for planning under uncertainty called Robust Decision Making (RDM), the RAND team assisted the Basin Study by: identifying future vulnerable conditions that could lead to imbalances that could cause the basin to be unable to meet its water delivery objectives; developing a computer-based tool to define 'portfolios' of management options reflecting different strategies for reducing basin imbalances; evaluating these portfolios across thousands of future scenarios to determine how much they could improve basin outcomes; and analyzing the results from the system simulations to identify key tradeoffs among the portfolios. This report describes RAND's contribution to the Basin Study, focusing on the methodologies used to identify vulnerabilities for Upper Basin and Lower Basin water supply reliability and compare portfolios of options. The report provides a useful resource for other planners wishing to replicate or expand on the methodologies used for other studies"--Back cover
    Abstract: "The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and water management agencies representing the seven Colorado River Basin States initiated the Colorado River Basin Study in January 2010 to evaluate the resiliency of the Colorado River system over the next 50 years and compare different options for ensuring successful management of the river's resources. RAND was asked to join this Basin Study Team in January 2012 to help develop an analytic approach to identify key vulnerabilities in managing the Colorado River basin over the coming decades and to evaluate different options that could reduce this vulnerability. Using a quantitative approach for planning under uncertainty called Robust Decision Making (RDM), the RAND team assisted the Basin Study by: identifying future vulnerable conditions that could lead to imbalances that could cause the basin to be unable to meet its water delivery objectives; developing a computer-based tool to define 'portfolios' of management options reflecting different strategies for reducing basin imbalances; evaluating these portfolios across thousands of future scenarios to determine how much they could improve basin outcomes; and analyzing the results from the system simulations to identify key tradeoffs among the portfolios. This report describes RAND's contribution to the Basin Study, focusing on the methodologies used to identify vulnerabilities for Upper Basin and Lower Basin water supply reliability and compare portfolios of options. The report provides a useful resource for other planners wishing to replicate or expand on the methodologies used for other studies"--Back cover
    Note: "RAND Environment, Energy, and Economic Development Program , "The research described in this report was prepared for the United States Bureau of Reclamation and conducted in the Environment, Energy, and Economic Development Program within RAND Justice, Infrastructure, and Environment"--Title page verso , Includes bibliographical references (pages 67-70)
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  • 92
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    Flood insurance in New York City following Hurricane Sandy (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833082633 , 0833084771 , 0833082639 , 9780833084774
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiv, 103 pages)
    Keywords: National Flood Insurance Program (U.S.) ; National Flood Insurance Program (U.S.) ; Hurricane Sandy, 2012 ; Flood insurance ; Hurricane Sandy, 2012 ; Flood insurance ; New York (State) ; New York ; Business & Economics ; Insurance ; Finance ; Hurricane Sandy (2012) ; NATURE ; Natural Disasters ; Flood insurance ; National Flood Insurance Program (U.S.) ; Electronic books
    Abstract: When Hurricane Sandy struck New York City on October 29, 2012, it caused flooding in all five boroughs. The storm surge reached nearly 88,700 buildings, more than 300,000 housing units, and 23,400 businesses. The federal government offers flood insurance through the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), a program administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) since 1968, a time when affordable private insurance was difficult to find. This insurance is mandated for structures located in high-risk areas (the 100-year floodplain) if there is a federally backed mortgage on the property and is subsidized for structures that predate FEMA⁰́₉s first Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) for the area. However, many residential structures in high-risk areas do not carry such policies. Two major changes will affect the cost of NFIP policies for structures in New York City: (1) an update of the maps that define the flood risk areas in New York and (2) legally required reform to the NFIP. Flood insurance plays an important role in addressing and managing flood risk posed. Insurance payments can help households and businesses recover from an event and get the economy moving again. When properly priced, insurance premiums can also provide appropriate incentives to avoid or mitigate risk. This report examines dimensions of the changing flood insurance environment in New York City and explores the consequences for the city's residents and businesses
    Abstract: When Hurricane Sandy struck New York City on October 29, 2012, it caused flooding in all five boroughs. The storm surge reached nearly 88,700 buildings, more than 300,000 housing units, and 23,400 businesses. The federal government offers flood insurance through the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), a program administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) since 1968, a time when affordable private insurance was difficult to find. This insurance is mandated for structures located in high-risk areas (the 100-year floodplain) if there is a federally backed mortgage on the property and is subsidized for structures that predate FEMA⁰́₉s first Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) for the area. However, many residential structures in high-risk areas do not carry such policies. Two major changes will affect the cost of NFIP policies for structures in New York City: (1) an update of the maps that define the flood risk areas in New York and (2) legally required reform to the NFIP. Flood insurance plays an important role in addressing and managing flood risk posed. Insurance payments can help households and businesses recover from an event and get the economy moving again. When properly priced, insurance premiums can also provide appropriate incentives to avoid or mitigate risk. This report examines dimensions of the changing flood insurance environment in New York City and explores the consequences for the city's residents and businesses
    Note: "RAND Center for Catastrophic Risk Management and Compensation , "The research described in this report was sponsored by the New York City Mayor's Office of Long-Term Planning and Sustainability and conducted in the Center for Catastrophic Risk Management and Compensation within RAND Justice, Infrastructure, and Environment"--Title page verso , Includes bibliographical references (pages 99-103)
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  • 93
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    The RAND security cooperation prioritization and propensity matching tool (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833080981 , 0833084607 , 0833080989 , 9780833084606
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Paul, Christopher, 1971- RAND security cooperation prioritization and propensity matching tool
    Keywords: Security, International ; Decision making Data processing ; Military assistance, American Planning ; National security International cooperation ; Security, International ; Decision making ; Military assistance, American ; National security ; Security, International ; United States ; Law, Politics & Government ; International Relations ; Military policy ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Security (National & International) ; Decision making ; Data processing ; Diplomatic relations ; National security ; International cooperation ; United States Foreign relations 1989- ; United States Military policy ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Security cooperation is the umbrella term used to describe a wide range of programs and activities with such goals as building relationships between the United States and partner countries, developing these countries' security capabilities, and facilitating contingency and peacetime access by U.S. forces. With increased pressure on defense spending, the scope and budget for these activities are likely to decrease. Therefore, it will be important for the U.S. Department of Defense to scrutinize and, perhaps, reevaluate current and proposed security cooperation efforts, ensuring that expected benefits align with costs and corresponding policy priorities. Recent RAND research identified practices and contextual factors associated with greater or lesser degrees of success in security cooperation, using 29 historical case studies of U.S. efforts to build partner capacity since the end of the Cold War. The RAND Security Cooperation Prioritization and Propensity Matching Tool applies these findings and results from other existing research to all current and potential security cooperation partners. This customizable diagnostic tool, built in Microsoft Excel®, will help planners preliminarily identify mismatches between the importance of a country to U.S. interests, funding for initiatives, and the propensity for successful U.S. security cooperation with a given country. For each of the world's 195 countries, the tool produces an overall security cooperation propensity score. Planners can then compare these scores with available funding and security cooperation priorities. The tool has the virtues of being systematic, being based on global data, and not relying on subjective assessments. Strategic thinking and nuanced understanding of individual countries remain important, but the tool is useful in helping to identify which countries to scrutinize
    Abstract: Security cooperation is the umbrella term used to describe a wide range of programs and activities with such goals as building relationships between the United States and partner countries, developing these countries' security capabilities, and facilitating contingency and peacetime access by U.S. forces. With increased pressure on defense spending, the scope and budget for these activities are likely to decrease. Therefore, it will be important for the U.S. Department of Defense to scrutinize and, perhaps, reevaluate current and proposed security cooperation efforts, ensuring that expected benefits align with costs and corresponding policy priorities. Recent RAND research identified practices and contextual factors associated with greater or lesser degrees of success in security cooperation, using 29 historical case studies of U.S. efforts to build partner capacity since the end of the Cold War. The RAND Security Cooperation Prioritization and Propensity Matching Tool applies these findings and results from other existing research to all current and potential security cooperation partners. This customizable diagnostic tool, built in Microsoft Excel®, will help planners preliminarily identify mismatches between the importance of a country to U.S. interests, funding for initiatives, and the propensity for successful U.S. security cooperation with a given country. For each of the world's 195 countries, the tool produces an overall security cooperation propensity score. Planners can then compare these scores with available funding and security cooperation priorities. The tool has the virtues of being systematic, being based on global data, and not relying on subjective assessments. Strategic thinking and nuanced understanding of individual countries remain important, but the tool is useful in helping to identify which countries to scrutinize
    Note: "RAND National Defense Research Institute , "This research was ... conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references (pages 51-57)
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  • 94
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    A new tool for assessing workforce management policies over time : extending the dynamic retention model (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833081964 , 0833081969 , 9780833081377 , 0833081373
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Report RR-113-OSD
    Keywords: Military Administration ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Econometrics ; Military & Naval Science ; United States ; Law, Politics & Government ; United States Armed Forces ; Personnel management ; Evaluation ; United States Armed Forces ; Personnel management ; Mathematical models ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The dynamic retention model (DRM) is a state-of-the-art modeling capability that supports decisionmaking about workforce management policy. The DRM can be applied in a wide variety of workforce contexts for a variety of compensation and personnel policies, though to date the focus has been on supporting military compensation decisions to sustain the all-volunteer force in the United States. While the DRM is an extremely powerful tool, a drawback in the use of the model to date is that it has focused on the steady state. That is, implementations of the model to date show only the retention and cost effects of alternative policies when the entire workforce is under the new policy versus when the workforce is under existing policy. The research presented in this report extends DRM to allow simulations of the effects of alternative policies both in the steady state and in the transition to the steady state. It also shows the effects of alternative implementation strategies and how different policies can affect how quickly the population and costs move toward the new steady state
    Abstract: The dynamic retention model (DRM) is a state-of-the-art modeling capability that supports decisionmaking about workforce management policy. The DRM can be applied in a wide variety of workforce contexts for a variety of compensation and personnel policies, though to date the focus has been on supporting military compensation decisions to sustain the all-volunteer force in the United States. While the DRM is an extremely powerful tool, a drawback in the use of the model to date is that it has focused on the steady state. That is, implementations of the model to date show only the retention and cost effects of alternative policies when the entire workforce is under the new policy versus when the workforce is under existing policy. The research presented in this report extends DRM to allow simulations of the effects of alternative policies both in the steady state and in the transition to the steady state. It also shows the effects of alternative implementation strategies and how different policies can affect how quickly the population and costs move toward the new steady state
    Note: "RAND National Defense Research Institute , "This research was conducted within the Forces and Resources Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references (pages 71-73)
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  • 95
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    Ensuring language capability in the intelligence community : what is the best mix of military, civilians, and contractors? (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833077844 , 0833081934 , 0833077848 , 9780833081933
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xix, 76 pages)
    Keywords: Multilingualism ; Intercultural communication ; Intelligence service Employees ; Language ; Linguists ; Multilingualism ; Intercultural communication ; Intelligence service ; Linguists ; Multilingualism ; United States ; HISTORY ; Military ; Veterans ; Intercultural communication ; Linguists ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Language capability is provided in the intelligence community by military personnel, government civilians, and contractors. A key question is what is the best mix of these three types of personnel in terms of cost and effectiveness. This research draws on U.S. Department of Defense guidance and the economics and defense manpower literatures to provide a framework for broadly assessing the costs and benefits of different sources of personnel to provide a given capability, including language capabilities. The authors interviewed personnel at the National Security Agency/Central Security Service and conducted an exploratory quantitative analysis to identify the factors that may affect the best mix of language capability in the intelligence community. A key finding is that each category of personnel provides unique advantages and belongs in the IC language workforce but that a number of factors lead to civilians being a more cost-effective source of language capability than military personnel, even after accounting for the flow to the civil service of trained veterans with language capability. Policies that reduce language-training costs for military personnel and increase the flow of veterans to the civil service might help reduce this disparity
    Abstract: Language capability is provided in the intelligence community by military personnel, government civilians, and contractors. A key question is what is the best mix of these three types of personnel in terms of cost and effectiveness. This research draws on U.S. Department of Defense guidance and the economics and defense manpower literatures to provide a framework for broadly assessing the costs and benefits of different sources of personnel to provide a given capability, including language capabilities. The authors interviewed personnel at the National Security Agency/Central Security Service and conducted an exploratory quantitative analysis to identify the factors that may affect the best mix of language capability in the intelligence community. A key finding is that each category of personnel provides unique advantages and belongs in the IC language workforce but that a number of factors lead to civilians being a more cost-effective source of language capability than military personnel, even after accounting for the flow to the civil service of trained veterans with language capability. Policies that reduce language-training costs for military personnel and increase the flow of veterans to the civil service might help reduce this disparity
    Note: "RAND National Defense Research Institute , "This research was ... conducted within the Intelligence Policy Center and the Forces and Resources Policy Center of RAND's National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references (pages 73-76)
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  • 96
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    CMS Innovation Center Health Care Innovation Awards : evaluation plan (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833083043 , 083308304X
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (133 pages)
    Keywords: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (U.S.) ; Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (U.S.) ; Medicare ; Medicaid ; Health services administration Awards ; Medical care Awards ; Medicare ; Medicaid ; Health services administration ; Medical care ; Program Evaluation methods ; Benchmarking ; Organizational Innovation ; Cost Savings methods ; Quality of Health Care ; MEDICAL ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (U.S.) ; Medicare ; United States ; Medicaid ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation within the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has funded 108 Health Care Innovation Awards, funded through the Affordable Care Act, for applicants who proposed compelling new models of service delivery or payment improvements that promise to deliver better health, better health care, and lower costs through improved quality of care for Medicare, Medicaid, and Children⁰́₉s Health Insurance Program enrollees. CMS is also interested in learning how new models would affect subpopulations of beneficiaries (e.g., those eligible for Medicare and Medicaid and complex patients) who have unique characteristics or health care needs that could be related to poor outcomes. In addition, the initiative seeks to identify new models of workforce development and deployment, as well as models that can be rapidly deployed and have the promise of sustainability. This report describes a strategy for evaluating the results. The goal for the evaluation design process is to create standardized approaches for answering key questions that can be customized to similar groups of awardees and that allow for rapid and comparable assessment across awardees. The evaluation plan envisions that data collection and analysis will be carried out on three levels: at the level of the individual awardee, at the level of the awardee grouping, and as a summary evaluation that includes all awardees. Key dimensions for the evaluation framework include implementation effectiveness, program effectiveness, workforce issues, impact on priority populations, and context. The ultimate goal is to identify strategies that can be employed widely to lower cost while improving care
    Abstract: The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation within the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has funded 108 Health Care Innovation Awards, funded through the Affordable Care Act, for applicants who proposed compelling new models of service delivery or payment improvements that promise to deliver better health, better health care, and lower costs through improved quality of care for Medicare, Medicaid, and Children⁰́₉s Health Insurance Program enrollees. CMS is also interested in learning how new models would affect subpopulations of beneficiaries (e.g., those eligible for Medicare and Medicaid and complex patients) who have unique characteristics or health care needs that could be related to poor outcomes. In addition, the initiative seeks to identify new models of workforce development and deployment, as well as models that can be rapidly deployed and have the promise of sustainability. This report describes a strategy for evaluating the results. The goal for the evaluation design process is to create standardized approaches for answering key questions that can be customized to similar groups of awardees and that allow for rapid and comparable assessment across awardees. The evaluation plan envisions that data collection and analysis will be carried out on three levels: at the level of the individual awardee, at the level of the awardee grouping, and as a summary evaluation that includes all awardees. Key dimensions for the evaluation framework include implementation effectiveness, program effectiveness, workforce issues, impact on priority populations, and context. The ultimate goal is to identify strategies that can be employed widely to lower cost while improving care
    Note: "This research was conducted by RAND Health"--Preface , "RAND Corporation , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen (viewed August 9, 2013)
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  • 97
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    A risk assessment methodology and Excel tool for acquisition programs (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833080608 , 0833084801 , 0833080601 , 9780833084804
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 pages)
    Keywords: United States Appropriations and expenditures ; United States Procurement ; Costs ; Evaluation ; Methodology ; United States ; United States ; Weapons systems Costs ; Forecasting ; Systems integration Risk assessment ; Methodology ; Weapons systems ; Systems integration ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; United States ; United States ; Expenditures, Public ; United States Armed Forces ; Weapons systems ; Costs ; Evaluation ; Methodology ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Implementing risk management principles to manage large defense acquisition programs is a priority for the U.S. defense acquisition community. To assist those decisionmakers responsible for identifying the risk associated with major weapons programs, RAND researchers developed a methodology and accompanying Excel, information-based risk tool (the ⁰́Assessor Tool⁰́₊). The Assessor Tool offers an Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD)-level approach to the evaluation and measurement of system integration risk. That is, it is meant for assessors, such as OSD personnel, who may not be especially familiar with the specific program under evaluation but still may need to make judgments about the program⁰́₉s risk. It is based on a tractable and comprehensive set of questions that can help evaluate integration risk at each point in the acquisition process. More specifically, the tool enables users to see how well integration risk is being managed by providing a standards-based valuation of integration issues that can lead to cost growth, schedule growth, and program performance. The users⁰́₉ manual for the Assessor Tool is available in a companion document, An Excel Tool to Assess Acquisition Program Risk (by Lauren A. Fleishman-Mayer, Mark V. Arena, and Michael E. McMahon, TL-113-OSD, 2013). The Assessor Tool and its methodology may also be generalizable to an entire set of information-based risk assessment applications. Overall, the methodology and tool have many strengths, including being based on well-grounded theories, allowing for reproducibility and traceability, and the extensive flexibility to be used to evaluate risk for many different types of programs. To provide a benchmarking and validation of the risk scores calculated by the tool, future work could include the tool⁰́₉s validation by tracking its output against a program⁰́₉s performance
    Abstract: Implementing risk management principles to manage large defense acquisition programs is a priority for the U.S. defense acquisition community. To assist those decisionmakers responsible for identifying the risk associated with major weapons programs, RAND researchers developed a methodology and accompanying Excel, information-based risk tool (the ⁰́Assessor Tool⁰́₊). The Assessor Tool offers an Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD)-level approach to the evaluation and measurement of system integration risk. That is, it is meant for assessors, such as OSD personnel, who may not be especially familiar with the specific program under evaluation but still may need to make judgments about the program⁰́₉s risk. It is based on a tractable and comprehensive set of questions that can help evaluate integration risk at each point in the acquisition process. More specifically, the tool enables users to see how well integration risk is being managed by providing a standards-based valuation of integration issues that can lead to cost growth, schedule growth, and program performance. The users⁰́₉ manual for the Assessor Tool is available in a companion document, An Excel Tool to Assess Acquisition Program Risk (by Lauren A. Fleishman-Mayer, Mark V. Arena, and Michael E. McMahon, TL-113-OSD, 2013). The Assessor Tool and its methodology may also be generalizable to an entire set of information-based risk assessment applications. Overall, the methodology and tool have many strengths, including being based on well-grounded theories, allowing for reproducibility and traceability, and the extensive flexibility to be used to evaluate risk for many different types of programs. To provide a benchmarking and validation of the risk scores calculated by the tool, future work could include the tool⁰́₉s validation by tracking its output against a program⁰́₉s performance
    Note: "This research was conducted within the Acquisition and Technology Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , "RAND National Security Research Division , Includes bibliographical references (pages 25-26) , Title from title screen (viewed on October 24, 2013)
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  • 98
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    Sustaining the U.S. Air Force nuclear mission (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833078520 , 0833083546 , 0833078526 , 9780833083548
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 22 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation technical report series TR1240
    Keywords: United States Operational readiness ; United States Planning ; United States ; United States ; Nuclear weapons ; Weapons systems Maintenance and repair ; Nuclear weapons ; Weapons systems ; Armed Forces ; Operational readiness ; Armed Forces ; Planning ; Nuclear weapons ; Weapons systems ; Maintenance and repair ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Air Forces ; United States ; United States ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; Arms Control ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The United States' nuclear deterrence is no more effective than its ability to carry out nuclear operations and other states' perceptions of this ability. The U.S. Air Force (USAF) has prioritized the reinvigoration and strengthening of its nuclear enterprise. However, there are inherent challenges to sustaining the capabilities of nuclear systems of systems. Perhaps the most pressing challenge currently facing the Air Force nuclear enterprise is sustaining the mission in the face of budgetary constraints. This report proposes possibilities for addressing this challenge. Coordination is key to this approach. Individual platforms must work together seamlessly for the nuclear system of systems to perform successfully. Any slippage in one system may cause schedule delays and increased costs for all other systems working in concert. This report outlines a double-layered framework for managing nuclear sustainment. This framework consists first of a set of sustainment plans for each system that follow a common format. The second layer, an overarching Air Force Nuclear Architecture and Mission Sustainment Plan, pulls together salient information from the individual, system-level plans to compile a master schedule for long-term mission sustainment. This framework should strengthen future nuclear deterrence capabilities through better planning and programming for the sustainment of these missions in the present
    Abstract: The United States' nuclear deterrence is no more effective than its ability to carry out nuclear operations and other states' perceptions of this ability. The U.S. Air Force (USAF) has prioritized the reinvigoration and strengthening of its nuclear enterprise. However, there are inherent challenges to sustaining the capabilities of nuclear systems of systems. Perhaps the most pressing challenge currently facing the Air Force nuclear enterprise is sustaining the mission in the face of budgetary constraints. This report proposes possibilities for addressing this challenge. Coordination is key to this approach. Individual platforms must work together seamlessly for the nuclear system of systems to perform successfully. Any slippage in one system may cause schedule delays and increased costs for all other systems working in concert. This report outlines a double-layered framework for managing nuclear sustainment. This framework consists first of a set of sustainment plans for each system that follow a common format. The second layer, an overarching Air Force Nuclear Architecture and Mission Sustainment Plan, pulls together salient information from the individual, system-level plans to compile a master schedule for long-term mission sustainment. This framework should strengthen future nuclear deterrence capabilities through better planning and programming for the sustainment of these missions in the present
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 21-22)
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  • 99
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    Turkish-Iranian relations in a changing Middle East (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833080332 , 0833080334 , 9780833080349 , 0833080350 , 9780833080110 , 0833080342 , 9780833080356
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 46 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series
    Parallel Title: Print version Larrabee, F. Stephen Turkish-Iranian relations in a changing Middle East
    Keywords: POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; General ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; Trade & Tariffs ; Diplomatic relations ; Iran ; Middle East ; Turkey ; Strategic aspects of individual places ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Government ; International ; Turkey Foreign relations ; Iran Foreign relations ; Middle East Strategic aspects ; Turkey ; Iran ; Middle East ; Electronic books ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Turkish-Iranian cooperation has visibly intensified in recent years, thanks in part to Turkish energy needs and Iran's vast oil and natural gas resources. However, Turkey and Iran tend to be rivals rather than close partners. While they may share certain economic and security interests, especially regarding the Kurdish issue, their interests are at odds in many areas across the Middle East. Turkey's support for the opposition in Syria, Iran's only true state ally in the Middle East, is one example. Iraq has also become a field of growing competition between Turkey and Iran. Iran's nuclear program has been a source of strain and divergence in U.S.-Turkish relations. However, the differences between the United States and Turkey regarding Iran's nuclear program are largely over tactics, not strategic goals. Turkey's main fear is that Iran's acquisition of nuclear arms could lead to a nuclear arms race in the Middle East. This, in turn, could increase pressure on the Turkish government to consider developing its own nuclear weapon capability. U.S. and Turkish interests have become more convergent since the onset of the Syrian crisis. However, while U.S. and Turkish interests in the Middle East closely overlap, they are not identical. Thus, the United States should not expect Turkey to follow its policy toward Iran unconditionally. Turkey has enforced United Nations sanctions against Iran but, given Ankara's close energy ties to Tehran, may be reluctant to undertake the harshest measures against Iran
    Abstract: Turkish-Iranian cooperation has visibly intensified in recent years, thanks in part to Turkish energy needs and Iran's vast oil and natural gas resources. However, Turkey and Iran tend to be rivals rather than close partners. While they may share certain economic and security interests, especially regarding the Kurdish issue, their interests are at odds in many areas across the Middle East. Turkey's support for the opposition in Syria, Iran's only true state ally in the Middle East, is one example. Iraq has also become a field of growing competition between Turkey and Iran. Iran's nuclear program has been a source of strain and divergence in U.S.-Turkish relations. However, the differences between the United States and Turkey regarding Iran's nuclear program are largely over tactics, not strategic goals. Turkey's main fear is that Iran's acquisition of nuclear arms could lead to a nuclear arms race in the Middle East. This, in turn, could increase pressure on the Turkish government to consider developing its own nuclear weapon capability. U.S. and Turkish interests have become more convergent since the onset of the Syrian crisis. However, while U.S. and Turkish interests in the Middle East closely overlap, they are not identical. Thus, the United States should not expect Turkey to follow its policy toward Iran unconditionally. Turkey has enforced United Nations sanctions against Iran but, given Ankara's close energy ties to Tehran, may be reluctant to undertake the harshest measures against Iran
    Note: "Prepared for the National Intelligence Council , At head of title: Rand National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references (pages 39-46)
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  • 100
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    Venture capital and strategic investment for developing government mission capabilities (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833082138 , 0833086030 , 0833082132 , 9780833086037
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 81 pages)
    Parallel Title: Online version Webb, Timothy, 1936- Venture capital and strategic investment for developing government mission capabilities
    Parallel Title: Print version Webb, Timothy, 1936- Venture capital and strategic investment for developing government mission capabilities
    Keywords: Technology and state ; Venture capital Government policy ; Incentives in industry Government policy ; Technological innovations Government policy ; Technology and state ; Venture capital ; Incentives in industry ; Technological innovations ; United States ; Technological innovations ; Government policy ; Technology and state ; Venture capital ; Government policy ; Business & Economics ; Economic History ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Econometrics ; Incentives in industry ; Government policy ; Electronic books
    Abstract: A wide range of military capability improvement efforts have benefited from development and procurement methods that accommodate urgent operational needs. Changes in the threat environment suggest a need for a fresh examination of the adequacy and suitability of acquisition methods for the coming decade. This report examines one class of acquisition method, known as government venture capital (GVC), or government strategic investment (GSI). The research extracts general observations from previous cases and from a partial economic model of the GSI type of initiative. Taken together, these analyses will help government acquisition managers to judge more thoroughly the suitability of strategic investment methods for motivating future government mission-oriented innovation by private firms. The report does not explicitly compare GSIs and alternatives for their efficacy in advancing government mission objectives. If it had, it is likely that the main advantage of GSI would be improved access to information about alternative approaches available in the commercial market, resulting from the close relationships the GSI structure engenders between government and business
    Abstract: A wide range of military capability improvement efforts have benefited from development and procurement methods that accommodate urgent operational needs. Changes in the threat environment suggest a need for a fresh examination of the adequacy and suitability of acquisition methods for the coming decade. This report examines one class of acquisition method, known as government venture capital (GVC), or government strategic investment (GSI). The research extracts general observations from previous cases and from a partial economic model of the GSI type of initiative. Taken together, these analyses will help government acquisition managers to judge more thoroughly the suitability of strategic investment methods for motivating future government mission-oriented innovation by private firms. The report does not explicitly compare GSIs and alternatives for their efficacy in advancing government mission objectives. If it had, it is likely that the main advantage of GSI would be improved access to information about alternative approaches available in the commercial market, resulting from the close relationships the GSI structure engenders between government and business
    Note: "RAND National Defense Research Institute , "This research was ... conducted within the Acquisition and Technology Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references (pages 79-81)
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