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  • 1995-1999  (23)
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development  (23)
  • Development  (12)
  • Finance and Investment  (9)
  • Urban, Rural and Regional Development
  • 1
    ISBN: 9789264174016
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie mondiale de demain ; vers un essor durable ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die Weltwirtschaft von morgen; Ein neues goldenes Zeitalter ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. O Futuro da Economia Global; Rumo a uma expansao duradoura?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie mondiale de demain : vers un essor durable ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die Weltwirtschaft von morgen: Ein neues goldenes Zeitalter ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. O Futuro da Economia Global: Rumo a uma expansao duradoura?
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: As the 20th century draws to a close, powerful forces of change are converging that could set the stage for a long, sustained economic boom in the next few decades -- the transition to a knowledge-based society with its potentially huge productivity gains; the emergence of more deeply integrated, global markets for goods, services, capital and technology; and a fast-growing environmental awareness that could greatly accelerate the shift to new, less resource-intensive production and consumption patterns. The result could be several decades of above-average economic growth, substantial increases in income and wealth, and significant improvements in well-being across the world. But what will it take to unleash these dynamic forces? Not only will it call for a range of initiatives to establish the rules and frameworks for guiding the transition to a sustainable global knowledge economy, but above all, it will require exceptional efforts among decision makers in government, business and society at large to encourage continuous innovation, creativity and high levels of investment, and to promote bold new approaches to closer international co-operation and institution building. Inevitably some countries will benefit more than others, but a long boom with all its wealth creating capacity would offer a unique opportunity to reverse the trends of the last decades towards deepening inequality and exclusion. This book reviews the forces driving economic and social change in today's world. It asesses the likelihood of a long boom materialising in the first decades of the 21st century and explores the strategic policies essential for making it happen.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789264573192
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Urban Policy in Germany; Towards Sustainable Urban Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La politique de la ville en Allemagne ; Vers un développement urbain durable
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Urban Policy in Germany: Towards Sustainable Urban Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La politique de la ville en Allemagne : Vers un développement urbain durable
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Germany
    Abstract: Deutschland leistet im Bereich der Stadtentwicklungspolitik seit langem Pionierarbeit. Es hat sich eine nachhaltige städtische Entwicklung zum Ziel gesetzt, um die vielfältigen wirtschaftlichen, sozialen und umweltbezogenen Herausforderungen, vor die sich die Städte gestellt sehen, in den Griff zu bekommen. So sind integrierte Politikkonzepte und innovative Maßnahmen eingeführt worden, um die Wiederbelebung der Stadtzentren zu fördern und mit dem Wachstum der Vorstädte, dem zunehmenden Kfz-Verkehr und dem sozialen Wandel fertig zu werden. Die vorliegende Veröffentlichung analysiert diese Initiativen unter Berücksichtigung der für Deutschland spezifischen Merkmale, d.h. seines föderalen Systems, des Vereinigungsprozesses und der polizentrischen Städtestruktur.Über die für Deutschland spezifischen Merkmale und Schlußfolgerungen hinaus plädiert diese Studie für ein integriertes und zukunftsorientiertes multisektorales Konzept, das sich nicht allein an wirtschaftlichen Erwägungen orientiert und konkrete Antworten auf die Kernfrage liefert, wie die Stadt der Zukunft aussehen soll.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789264080072
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Foreign Direct Investment Policy and Promotion in Latin America
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Hacia donde está orientada la política de inversión en América Latina en el presente entorno financiero? Cuáles son las perspectivas para desarrollar un marco multilateral para las reglas de inversión y como se involucraría el continente Latinoamericano en este esfuerzo? Cómo formular una adecuada política y un entorno regulador apropiado para la atracción de la inversión extranjera directa en América Latina? Estos fueron los principales temas de discusión del taller celebrado en Lima, Perú: “Política y Promoción de la Inversión Extranjera Directa en América Latina” organizado en diciembre, 1988 por la OCDE y la Comisión de la Unión Europea con la cooperación del Gobierno Peruano. Esta copilación de los principales textos del taller constituye un trabajo de referencia en política de inversión extranjera para expertos del sector público y representantes del sector privado y académico; tanto de los países emergentes como de los países miembros de la OCDE
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172609
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. UEM ; Faits, défis et politiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. UEM : Faits, défis et politiques
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics
    Abstract: The launch of the euro reinforces the foundations for unprecedented economic integration encompassing 11 countries, 16 per cent of world GDP and 290 million people. For the first time, the OECD has studied the euro-area as a fully-fledged economic entity and has analysed the intensive preparations that led to the single currency, as well as the economic issues raised by its introduction. Despite the macroeconomic convergence already achieved and the institutional framework that has been established, the fact is that many uncertainties remain. An approach to co-ordinating monetary and budgetary policies that is up to the issues at stake has still to be fully defined. And the euro area's ability to absorb economic shocks must be assessed and strengthened. In this respect it is vital for labour markets to become more flexible and adaptable if they are to compensate for the loss of national monetary autonomy which EMU implies and if adjustment is not to be at the expense of jobs. A special chapter discusses the obstacles to geographic labour mobility and the rigidity of wage setting mechanisms. These are some of the challenges that must be faced in the years to come, and this study discusses them in the light of the most penetrating and informative analysis today’s economists can provide. It does not prescribe set remedies, but drawing on analyses and figures never published before, attempts to identify the best policies for ensuring the success of the monetary union. This is a complex study that takes a hard look at the issues and will be of great interest to anyone wishing to understand the economic mechanisms at work.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789264173330
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.35
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Irlande 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Irlande 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Ireland
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1999 review of Ireland's development aid programmes. It finds that in 1999, Ireland marks the 25th anniversary of Irish Aid, its official aid programme. Over the last five years, the volume of Ireland’s official development assistance (ODA) has risen by an average of 20 per cent a year in real terms, the most rapid growth by a Member of the OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC). Preliminary data indicate that Ireland’s development co-operation reached 0.30 per cent of GNP in 1998, nearly double its 1992 level, and is projected to reach 0.35 per cent in 1999. After six years of impressive growth in volume and improvement in quality, most of the increase in aid in 1999 is being used for debt relief measures, European Union contributions, emergency humanitarian assistance and support for refugees in Ireland, rather than for allocations for the long-term development programmes administered by the Department of Foreign Affairs. Political commitments on aid allocations undertaken by the Minister of Finance mean that increases in the Department of Foreign Affairs’ part of the programme are now expected in 2000 and 2001. Two main issues confront the Irish Aid programme: how best to grow and how best to manage that growth. These are clearly issues which Ireland needs to consider and resolve itself, but the Development Assistance Committee can draw on its collective experience to contribute to Ireland’s reflections on these issues. A starting point, from experience elsewhere, is that Irish Aid should maintain and enhance the focused nature of the programme which is now one of its major strengths.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789264072619
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This report provides detailed information on individual commitments, i.e. intended disbursements, of Official Development Assistance (ODA) to African countries for the years 1997 and 1998. This Special Africa Edition of the Gazette records the commitments which have been reported by Member countries of the OECD Development Assistance Committee and by multilateral organisations, and which have been entered into the Creditor Reporting System (CRS) database up until now (September 1998).
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789264074187
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This publication presents for the first time detailed data on the role played by multinationals in the industrial sectors of the OECD economies. In an era of globalisation, these data highlight the increasing importance of multinationals in the economies of host countries, particularly in production, employment, value added, research and exports. The data also show that multinationals make a positive contribution to the economic development of host countries: productivity levels are well above those of national firms; salaries are generally higher; and numbers of employees are growing faster than those of national firms. The R&D efforts and technology transfers of multinationals strengthen the innovation capacity and competitiveness of host countries.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789264174290
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.27
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Espagne 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Espagne 1998
    Keywords: Development ; Spain
    Abstract: The Development Assistance Committee's 1998 review of Spain's development aid programmes and policies. It finds that The Spanish Government is making significant efforts to consolidate the political framework for development co-operation and improve the quality and transparency of its aid. A draft law on development co-operation was submitted to Parliament in the autumn of 1997 and new planning and evaluation systems for aid management are being introduced, including a multi-year indicative plan and country programmes. Despite severe budgetary constraints, an increase in the aid budget is also envisaged. These initiatives were well received by the OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) during the review of Spain's aid policies and programmes. The Committee also took note of the major improvement in the balance of the Spanish aid effort with a significant increase in the grant aid programme, accompanied by a decline in the tied Development Aid Fund (FAD) loan component, and expressed the hope that this trend would continue. The DAC encouraged the Spanish authorities to pursue their efforts to ensure greater consistency of the FAD loans with the overall development objectives and policy directions for Spanish aid. In relation to general good practice among donors, the Committee indicated its support for the measures to enhance the effectiveness of the Spanish aid programme and its capacity to implement and suggested that the Spanish authorities consider a number of further initiatives
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789264173088
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.33
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Danemark 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Danemark 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Denmark
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1999 review of Denmark's development aid programmes and policies. It finds that Denmark is the top performer among the 22 Members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) in terms of the volume of its official development assistance (ODA). Denmark’s ODA volume has been maintained at around 1% of gross national product (GNP) since 1992, thanks to a strong consensus and public support for development aid. The quality of Denmark’s aid effort is also most impressive. In particular this high volume of aid is supported by a strong long-range strategy, whose directions - and especially the central emphasis on poverty reduction - are in harmony with the Development Partnership Strategy agreed by the DAC in 1996. Denmark has succeeded in concentrating its bilateral assistance on 20 countries, 18 of which are low-income or least developed countries. Aid is concentrated on sectors of particular relevance to the poor and on programmes in the poorest areas of these countries, thus working towards the goal of poverty reduction. Since 1996, Denmark has pursued a policy of "active multilateralism" to promote its concerns for increased focus and efficiency in multilateral aid programmes. However, there is no clear evidence that this policy has greatly advanced the intended results, as it still reflects a largely unilateral approach more than a joint endeavour. Denmark is a long-standing positive example of the integration of the aid system with other aspects of foreign relations. This approach combines policy coherence in Denmark’s relations with developing countries and professionalism in the aid programme, enhanced by an effective decentralisation of responsibility to embassies in programme countries. This integrated approach has helped Danish development assistance (Danida) to pioneer since 1994 a shift in aid implementation from project support to Sector Programme Support (SPS), an approach which should be mutually reinforcing with the DAC’s Partnership Strategy. It implies also a stepping up in co-ordination activities, both between donors and with partner countries, which Denmark has fully backed.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264073890
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Aid Activities in South-East Europe provides detailed information on individual commitments of Official Development Assistance (ODA) and Official Aid in the Balkan region for the years 1990-1998. This special edition includes the commitments reported by Members of the OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) as well as statistical tables which provide a more comprehensive picture. Data presented are unique, comparable and consistent with DAC statistics' definitions and methodologies. This publication contributes to the European Commission's and World Bank's joint effort to provide information on aid activities undertaken by OECD/DAC donors in South-East Europe. The information is designed for development agencies and institutions involved in country/sector programming and analysis. For each country, transactions are ordered by commitment year and sector, and for each sector, by donor.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789264163669
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.29
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Allemagne 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Allemagne 1998
    Keywords: Development ; Germany
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1998 review of Germany's development aid policies and programmes. It finds that the German aid programme is one of the largest in the world, and it is managed with great expertise and skill. It is strongly oriented towards the partnership principle. The three basic objectives of German aid are poverty reduction, protection of the environment and natural resources and education and training. Poverty reduction, gender and the protection of the environment are cross-cutting tasks permeating all German aid activities. Since the last review of its development co-operation programme by the OECD's Development Assistance Committee in 1995, Germany has taken several measures to improve the quality and effectiveness of its aid. These measures include:- the reformulation of the concept for development policy; - the establishment of guidelines for the integration of poverty reduction and gender into all project and programme design; - the conception and implementation of development-oriented emergency assistance programmes, including conflict resolution activities; - a new approach to evaluation; - decentralisation of the German technical assistance agency (GTZ); and the establishment of field offices by the financial co-operation agency (KfW); - more systematic relations with non-governmental organisations. At the same time, there are still significant challenges in adapting a complex multi-institutional management structure to evolving needs for policy-based, co-ordinated programmes, and also in overcoming persistent pressures on the budget. The volume of German aid for developing countries has been falling significantly in recent years. As a share of GNP, ODA net disbursements fell from 0.42 per cent in 1990 to 0.28 per cent in 1997. Assistance for the reform process in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union also declined sharply in 1996 and 1997.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789264163140
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger ; Brésil 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger : Brésil 1998
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Brazil
    Abstract: OECD's 1998 review of Brazils foreign direct investment policy. It finds that Brazil is on the verge of becoming one of the leading recipients of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Latin America and the world. Major economic reforms and large scale privatisations have enhanced Brazil's attractiveness as the largest Latin American market and as a key player in Mercosur. This trend should pick up speed in the coming years with further liberalisation, the restructuring of the Brazilian economy and the pursuance of economic integration. There is every reason to commend the policies adopted by the Government of Brazil to eliminate discriminatory treatment towards foreign investors and their investments, protect their tangible and intangible assets and provide for the resolution of investment disputes. The study highlights, however, some lingering areas of concern, notably with respect to access to the banking system, goverment discretionary action and existing market distortions. The adherence to OECD liberalisation principles should nevertheless consolidate and confort the reform process in Brazil while providing a favorable framework for the expansion of FDI relations between Brazil and OECD countries.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789264162938
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pour l'ouverture des marchés ; Les avantages de la libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pour l'ouverture des marchés : Les avantages de la libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: The benefits of open markets are tangible. In the last decade, countries that have been more open to trade and investment have achieved double the average annual growth of more closed economies. More individuals, firms and nations than ever before depend on the gains from trade and investment liberalisation. Yet anxiety about the effects of greater market integration remains. It is essential for long-term world prosperity that countries' commitment to trade and investment liberalisation be sustained. To be credible, that commitment must be rooted in and enjoy broad public support and understanding. This makes it all the more important to communicate what trade and investment liberalisation can and cannot do and be held responsible for. Trade and investment liberalisation is not painless. It should not be viewed as a cure-all nor presented as an end in itself. It is, however, an essential component of any coherent set of policies aimed at helping societies adjust to - and take advantage of - technology-driven transformations whose pace and depth are unprecedented. The stakes are high. This book examines the various channels through which open markets deliver considerable benefits to societies and their citizens; recalls the real pocket-book costs of protectionism; and addresses the full range of concerns that feature prominently in ongoing discussions over the effects of market liberalisation on employment, income distribution, environmental protection and national sovereignty. A central message of this book is that liberalisation forms part of the solution to the concerns of citizens, rather than being their root cause. The book's comprehensive treatment of the ins and outs of trade and investment liberalisation should make an important contribution to the public debate. It is essential reading for public officials, business leaders and private citizens who wish to take an active part in it.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789264162464
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.23
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Belgique 1997
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Belgique 1997
    Keywords: Development ; Belgium
    Abstract: The Belgian aid system has experienced serious problems in recent years and is now going through a crucial transition period. An action plan has been prepared by the Secretary of State for Co-operation and basic reforms are under way. This plan, entitled "Showing our colours -- Plan for the future of Belgian co-operation and development", was well received by the OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC). During its triennial peer review of Belgium's development co-operation policy and aid programme, the Committee also took note of the determination of the Secretary of State to design a co-operation programme that goes beyond economic and social considerations to take full account of the basic values of the society. In relation to general good practice among donors, the Committee indicated its support for a number of measures that might enhance the effectiveness of Belgium's development co-operation programme, including increasing efficiency by decentralising more executive functions and monitoring effectiveness through an active assessment, evaluation and feedback policy; raising staff skills through better training in key development subjects and by delegating authority both internally and to local offices; devising country strategies based on a new partnership approach; and focusing technical co-operation efforts on strengthening local capacity.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264162556
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.24
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Pays-Bas 1997
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Pays-Bas 1997
    Keywords: Development ; Netherlands
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1997 review of the Netherlands development aid policies and programmes. It finds that The Netherlands is traditionally a strong performer in the community of aid donors. It has been among the leading donors in volume of official development assistance (ODA), the care with which it has been used, and in continuous efforts for increased effectiveness. In its triennial review of the Netherlands' aid policies and programmes, the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) was particularly interested in the Netherlands' ambitious, even daring, reorganisation of its development co-operation which was undertaken in 1996. This far-reaching reorganisation affects the budget process and staffing of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and embassies in recipient countries. The DAC also welcomed the planned focus of Dutch aid on poverty eradication through economic and social sector development and noted the four Dutch volume input targets. The trend in the Dutch ODA effort, which declined between 1986 and 1994 as a share of Dutch GNP ration has turned around between 1994 and 1996. In 1996, The Netherlands was the fourth-ranking DAC Member in terms of ODA/GNP ratio and the fifth-ranking in absolute terms. The Committee commended the Netherlands on its ODA performance and hoped that the Dutch Information and Awareness Programme would continue to help inform the Dutch public, which has registered firm support for Dutch aid.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789264163461
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.28
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; États-Unis 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : États-Unis 1998
    Keywords: Development ; United States
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1998 review of the US development aid policies and programmes. It finds that after a period of declining support, the United States has in recent years worked to strengthen both political and public confidence in its foreign assistance programmes. USAID's new Strategic Plan, issued in September 1997, aims at clear results through its support of developing and transitional countries' efforts to achieve sustained economic and social progress and to share more fully in resolving global problems. An ambitious effort has been made to link the reform of aid management to clearer goals and stronger partnerships. Nevertheless, the volume of resources devoted by the United States to official development assistance has continued its downward trend. Measured as a percentage of GNP, the United States now provides the lowest amount, by far, of any Member of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC). At its triennial review of the United States' aid policies and programmes on 6 April 1998, the DAC welcomed the measures that have been taken and looked forward to the full impact of the reforms and initiatives that have been launched. After serious international concern over recent years about diminishing funding and staffing in the United States programme, there are welcome first indications of strengthening budgets for aid to developing countries, confirmed by President Clinton's recent commitment to seek to increase the budget for African aid to its historically high levels. It is important that the United States pursue pro-development policies on a broad range of issues. Thus, the review gives special attention to the work of USAID in the areas of democracy, participation, governance, dealing with conflict and disasters, as well as the Transition Initiative, set up to help the United States respond to the needs falling between relief and development. Trade policy is also highlighted, as are the United States' multilateral contributions, and its role in promoting gender equality.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789264162198
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.22
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Portugal 1997
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Portugal 1997
    Keywords: Development ; Portugal
    Abstract: Portugal's development co-operation programme is characterised by concentration bilaterally on the Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa, reflecting close links of history, language and culture. Those countries are now among the least developed countries. Recently, Portugal has emphasized two new areas of development co-operation. First, private sector development, based on economic policy reforms supported by the international institutions, and on instruments which encourage the involvement of the Portuguese private sector. The second new area of emphasis is the strengthening of the governance systems in the PALOPs, the Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa, focusing particularly on legal systems and the judiciary, but also extending to parliamentary institutions, electoral systems, local governments and constitutional advice. In its review of Portugal's programme the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) noted that Portugal has the potential to play a larger role, particularly in Mozambique and Angola, where critical post-conflict development needs have to be met. It noted that a new Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries (the CPLP), including Brazil, has recently been formed to enhance dialogue and mutual development efforts.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264162495
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La fiscalité relative à la mondialisation des opérations financières sur les instruments financiers
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation
    Abstract: Technological change and financial deregulation have dramatically globalised financial markets. Financial firms have developed innovative financial instruments, such as swaps and derivatives, to meet the often different global demand of investors and borrowers and have organised themselves to sell such global financial products 24 hours a day. This phenomenon of global trading challenges tax payers and tax administrations to come up with a fair way of allocating and taxing the profits in each country where global trading is carried on. This publication thoroughly reviews the factual background to global trading, analyses the challenges posed to traditional taxation methods and discusses a range of policy options to tackle the problems. Although the paper discusses a specific industry sector, many of the issues raised, for example the high level of global integration of functions and intensive co-operation between different geographic locations, are becoming more common in other industries with the spread of globalisation and the communications revolution.
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  • 19
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.1998/01
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: International direct investment is increasingly recognised as an engine of economic growth and a powerful force for global integration. The OECD has long been active in analysing the implications of such forces and in influencing the design of appropriate policies for a global economy. This report summarises the findings of recent OECD work on the role of international investment in globalisation and economic development. Foreign direct investment is defined as capital invested for the purpose of acquiring a lasting interest in an enterprise and of exerting a degree of influence on that enterprise’s operations. Direct investment differs from portfolio investment in that it involves control of the asset in question, while portfolio investors are passive investors, motivated only by the rate of return on the asset. While this distinction is useful for analytical purposes, OECD member countries are increasingly adopting a broader view of FDI which includes many investments otherwise ...
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264062146
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (512 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This specialised Directory provides information on over 1 700 non-governmental organisations (NGOs) active in the field of habitat and urban development. NGO profiles include their aims, education work and activities in developing contries. Cross-referenced indexes facilitate access to information on "who is doing what and where" in this field. The Directory is a unique and comprehensive guide for development practitioners and planners, as well as for those interested in habitat issues. This Directory is the latest in a series of OECD Development Centre directories on the development activities of NGOs based in OECD Member countries. It is published in the wake of the June 1996 United Nations Conference on Human Settlements- Habitat II. This publication is the fruit of collaboration between four partners: in Nairobi, the United Nations Centre for Human Settlements-Habitat (UNCHS-Habitat), in Geneva, the United Nations Non-Governmental Liaison Service (NGLS), and in Paris, the Research and Technology Exchange Group (GRET) and the OECD Development Centre. The Habitat International Coalition (HIC), based in Mexico, was also associated with the project.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264162013
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Compétitivité régionale et qualifications
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Human resources, training, qualifications and skills play an essential part in the development of regional economies. The notion of "learning" regions which has now become self-evident has yet to be translated into practice: but under which conditions and what are the priorities? This publication gives a comprehensive picture of current practices and future issues. Regional policies are increasingly focusing on human resources and their orientation towards market demand and improvement of partnerships. The great diversity of regional approaches to human resource development in industrialised countries shows that an efficient regional governance, coupled with concern for equity, can reinforce and consolidate national policies. This volume casts a new light on these issues, providing a useful source of information and inspiration for regional actors and their national partners.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264162020
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Développement régional et politiques structurelles au Mexique
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Mexico
    Abstract: Mexico is a multi-faceted country. Given the geographical and ethnic diversity of Mexico's regions, as well as their particular cultural and historical traditions, each of the regions making up the Federation calls for a specific development policy. At the same time, economic, political and social equilibria are going to be affected by the trend towards a greater decentralisation of political structures. Mexico is faced with two major challenges. How can consistency of government action be maintained in conjunction with a firm resolve to decentralise? How is it possible to reconcile regional and national development while striving to achieve the country's integration within the world economy? This study, which includes many tables, maps and figures as background material, makes it possible to define these challenges more clearly and therefore to clarify regional policy options for the coming decade.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789264064805
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (56 p)
    Edition: Third Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Définition de référence de l'OCDE des investissements directs internationaux ; Troisième édition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Définition de référence de l'OCDE des investissements directs internationaux : Troisième édition
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Recording comprehensive, comparable and up-to-date statistics on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a prerequisite for economic analysis and policy making. The Third Edition of the OECD Benchmark Definition, fully consistent with the IMF Balance of Payments Manual, Fifth Edition, provides operational guidance on how FDI data should be compiled to meet internationally agreed standards. It reviews the main statistical concepts and definitions of FDI, the valuation of FDI flows and stocks, and issues related to specific transactions and entities. Practical solutions are proposed and concrete examples are used wherever possible.
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