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  • 2005-2009  (176)
  • 2000-2004  (109)
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development  (285)
  • Environment  (217)
  • Social Issues/Migration/Health  (71)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Managing Water for All : An OECD Perspective on Pricing and Financing - Key Messages for Policy Makers (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060548
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. De l'eau pour tous ; Perspectives de l'OCDE sur la tarification et le financement - Messages clés pour les décideurs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. De l'eau pour tous : Perspectives de l'OCDE sur la tarification et le financement - Messages clés pour les décideurs
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Water is vital for human and economic development, and for maintaining ecosystems. However, billions of people lack access to water and sanitation services, mainly due to poor governance and inadequate investment and maintenance. The situation is becoming more urgent due to increasing pressure, competition and even conflict over the use of water resources. The OECD has been working for many years to address these challenges. The results of recent work are summarised in Managing Water for All: An OECD Perspective on Pricing and Financing, which emphasises the economic and financial aspects of water resources management and water service provision, the need for an integrated approach (including governance considerations) to address these complex policy challenges, and the importance of establishing a firm evidence base to support policy development and implementation. The report examines: strategic financial planning for water supply and sanitation that balances the key sources of revenues for the water sector – the“3Ts” of taxes, tariffs and transfers; the design and implementation of water pricing strategies that balance financial sustainability with other policy objectives; recent developments in private sector participation in the water sector; and trends and the future outlook of water use in agriculture. It considers both developing and OECD countries and offers concrete recommendations and checklists for action. The report is an invaluable resource for policy makers, academics, NGOs and all others interested in the challenges facing the water sector today. The key messages for policy makers are summarised in this volume.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060548-en
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Understanding the Brain : Towards a New Learning Science (Spanish version) (2009)
    Mexico, D.F. : Santillana, Mexico
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079816
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Understanding the Brain; Towards a New Learning Science
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comprendre le cerveau ; Vers une nouvelle science de l'apprentissage
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Understanding the Brain: Towards a New Learning Science
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comprendre le cerveau : Vers une nouvelle science de l'apprentissage
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Los avances en tecnología no invasiva para la digitalización y neuroimagen del cerebro alcanzados en los últimos diez años trajeron consigo nuevos métodos de trabajo para los investigadores. En la última década se aprendió más acerca del funcionamiento del cerebro que durante todos los siglos anteriores. En muchas áreas se lograron avances importantes, pero la investigación sobre la capacidad del cerebro para desarrollarse, aprender y cambiar a lo largo del ciclo vital muestra avances prometedores. Estos desarrollos tendrán implicaciones profundas para el aprendizaje y la educaciónLa nueva “ciencia del aprendizaje” aclara la manera en que se desarrollan en el cerebro los procesos de percepción, memoria y lenguaje; informa sobre la importancia que tienen los primeros años y los tardíos en el aprendizaje exitoso durante toda la vida. También ofrece, entre otras cosas, percepciones sobre cómo mejorar las aptitudes para la lectura y para matemáticas y subraya la distinción fundamental entre naturaleza y crianza en el aprendizaje y el desarrollo cerebral.La obra destaca la importancia de adoptar el enfoque transdisciplinario que incluye la neurociencia cognoscitiva, la psicología, la atención de la salud y el diseño de políticas. De tal forma, cuando diversos profesionales –maestros, médicos y científicos– trabajen juntos en la búsqueda de respuestas a problemas neurocognoscitivos, habrá una esperanza real de lograr diagnósticos tempranos e intervenciones apropiadas ante condiciones como la dislexia o el mal de Alzheimer.Los anteriores y muchos otros aspectos se examinan en este libro.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079816-es
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Pensions at a Glance 2007 : Public Policies across OECD Countries (Korean version) (2009)
    Seoul : OECD/Korea Policy Centre, Korea
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264063419
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (218 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pensions at a Glance 2007; Public Policies across OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les pensions dans les pays de l'OCDE 2007 ; Panorama des politiques publiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Renten auf einen Blick 2007; Staatliche Politik im OECD-Ländervergleich
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pensions at a Glance 2007: Public Policies across OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les pensions dans les pays de l'OCDE 2007 : Panorama des politiques publiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Renten auf einen Blick 2007: Staatliche Politik im OECD-Ländervergleich
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264063419-ko
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 302C: Inherent Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (II) (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070400
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 302C ; Biodégradabilité dite intrinsèque; Essai MITI modifié (II)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 302C : Biodégradabilité dite intrinsèque: Essai MITI modifié (II)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes the modified MITI test (II). This test permits the measurement of the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and the analysis of residual chemicals in order to evaluate the inherent biodegradability of chemical substances which have been found by the Standard MITI Method (I) to be low degradable. An automated closed-system oxygen consumption measuring apparatus (BOD-meter) is used. Chemicals to be tested are inoculated in the testing vessels (six bottles with different quantities of test chemical) with micro-organisms. In order to check the activity of the inoculum, the use of control substances (aniline, sodium acetate or sodium benzoate) is desirable. During the test period, the BOD is measured continuously. Biodegradability is calculated on the basis of BOD and supplemental chemical analysis, such as measurement of the dissolved organic carbon concentration, concentration of residual chemicals, etc. The BOD curve is obtained continuously and automatically for 14 to 28 days. After the 14 to 28 days of testing, pH, residual chemicals and intermediates in the testing vessels are analysed.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070400-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes: Australia 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060203
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Australia
    DDC: 331.3/40994
    RVK:
    QG 900
    RVK:
    QV 221
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Australien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Australien ; Jugendlicher Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: Whatever the level of qualification, first experiences on the labour market have a profound influence on later working life. Getting off to a good start facilitates integration and lays the foundation for a good career, while a failure can be difficult to make up. This report contains - for Australia - a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, as well as a set of policy recommendations for further action.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060203-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Jóvenes conductores : El camino hacia la seguridad (2009)
    MADRID : Dirección General de Tráfico, Spain
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102350
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Young Drivers; The Road to Safety
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jeunes conducteurs ; La voie de la sécurité
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Young Drivers: The Road to Safety
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jeunes conducteurs : La voie de la sécurité
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102350-es
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 440: Uterotrophic Bioassay in Rodents : A short-term screening test for oestrogenic properties (Korean version) (2009)
    Seoul : National institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Korea
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079847
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 440; Uterotrophic Bioassay in Rodents; A short-term screening test for oestrogenic properties
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 440 ; Bio-essai utérotrophique chez les rongeurs ; Essai de dépistage à court terme des propriétés oestrogéniques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 440: Uterotrophic Bioassay in Rodents: A short-term screening test for oestrogenic properties
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 440 : Bio-essai utérotrophique chez les rongeurs : Essai de dépistage à court terme des propriétés oestrogéniques
    Keywords: Environment
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079847-ko
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 230: 21-day Fish Assay : A Short-Term Screening for Oestrogenic and Androgenic Activity, and Aromatase Inhibition (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076228
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 230 ; Essai de 21 jours sur les poissons ; un dépistage à court terme de l'activité oestrogénique, et androgénique et de l'inhibition de l'aromatase
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 230 : Essai de 21 jours sur les poissons : un dépistage à court terme de l'activité oestrogénique, et androgénique et de l'inhibition de l'aromatase
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an in vivo screening assay for certain endocrine active substances where sexually mature male and spawning female fish are held together and exposed to a chemical during a limited part of their life-cycle (21 days). This assay covers the screening of oestrogenic and androgenic activity, and aromatase inhibition. The assay was validated on the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and the zebrafish (Danio rerio); however zebrafish does not allow the detection of androgenic activity. At termination of the 21-day exposure period, depending on the species used, one or two biomarker endpoint(s) are measured in males and females as indicators of oestrogenic, aromatase inhibition or androgenic activity of the test chemical; these endpoints are vitellogenin and secondary sexual characteristics. Vitellogenin is measured in fathead minnow, Japanese medaka and zebrafish, whereas secondary sex characteristics are measured in fathead minnow and Japanese medaka only.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076228-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Perspectivas de las migraciones internacionales 2008 (2009)
    Madrid : Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs (MTAS), Spain
    Details
    ISBN: 9788484173243
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (696 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Migration Outlook 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives des migrations internationales 2008
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Esta edición pone el acento en el empleo de los inmigrantes. Presenta por primera vez un “marcador” de la integración de los inmigrantes en el mercado de trabajo, así como un primer análisis de las diferencias salariales entre los inmigrantes y los autóctonos. Dos capítulos especiales sobre temas de actualidad. El primero se ocupa de la gestión de las migraciones de trabajadores poco cualificados y pasa revista a los diferentes tipos de programas, temporales y permanentes. Presta especial atención a la cuestión del empleo ilegal de extranjeros y a los programas de regularización. El segundo capítulo se ocupa de las migraciones de retorno y analiza su repercusión en el desarrollo económico del país de origen. Cada capítulo y cada gráfico va acompañado de un enlace dinámico (StatLink), que remite al lector a una página de Internet en la que se encuentran los datos correspondientes en formato Excel ®.
    DOI: 10.1787/9788484173243-es
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mehr Ungleichheit trotz Wachstum? : Einkommensverteilung und Armut in OECD-Ländern (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264049147
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (318 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Growing Unequal?; Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Croissance et inégalités ; Distribution des revenus et pauvreté dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Growing Unequal?: Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Croissance et inégalités : Distribution des revenus et pauvreté dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Hat die Einkommensungleichheit im Zeitverlauf zugenommen? Wer sind die Gewinner und wer die Verlierer in diesem Prozess? Sind alle OECD-Länder gleichermaßen von dieser Entwicklung betroffen? Inwieweit sind stärkere Einkommensungleichheiten die Folge größerer Disparitäten bei den persönlichen Erwerbseinkommen der Arbeitnehmer, und welche Rolle spielen dabei andere Faktoren? Wie wirkt sich schließlich die staatliche Umverteilung durch Steuer- und Transfersysteme auf diese Trends aus?Dieser Bericht liefert Befunde dafür, dass die Einkommensungleichheit während der letzten 20 Jahre in den OECD-Ländern fast überall zugenommen hat. Die Publikation enthält eine Reihe von Analysen über die Verteilung der wirtschaftlichen Ressourcen in den OECD-Ländern. Die Daten über Einkommensverteilung und Armut erstrecken sich zum ersten Mal auf alle 30 OECD-Länder zum Stand von Mitte der 2000er Jahre, während bis Mitte der 1980er Jahre zurückreichende Informationen über Trendentwicklungen für rund zwei Drittel der Länder vorliegen. Der Bericht beschreibt zudem Ungleichheiten in einer Reihe von Bereichen (wie Vermögen der privaten Haushalte, Konsumgewohnheiten, öffentliche Sachleistungen), die bei den herkömmlichen Diskussionen über die Verteilung der wirtschaftlichen Ressourcen unter Einzelpersonen und Haushalten in der Regel außer Acht gelassen werden.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264049147-de
    URL: Volltext
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 509: Crop Field Trial (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076457
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 5
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 509 ; Essais au champ de plantes cultivées
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 509 : Essais au champ de plantes cultivées
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Crop field trials are conducted to determine the magnitude of the pesticide residue in or on raw agricultural commodities, including feed items, and should be designed to reflect pesticide use patterns that lead to the highest possible residues. Objectives of crop field trials are to: (1) quantify the expected range of residue(s) in crop commodities following treatment according to the proposed or established good agricultural practice; (2) determine, when appropriate, the rate of decline of the residue(s) of plant protection product(s) on commodities of interest; (3) determine residue values such as the “Supervised Trial Median Residue” and “Highest Residue” for conducting dietary risk assessment; and (4) derive maximum residue limits (MRLs). This Test Guideline requires one sample from treated plots at each sampling interval for crops that have eight or more crop field trials. The test substance(s) should be stored under appropriate conditions for the study duration and applied soon after preparation or mixing. Test substance applications should not be made in strong wind, during rain or when rainfall is expected shortly after application. For all applications, the application rate should be expressed in terms of amount of product and/or active ingredient per unit area. At the end of each crop field trial, the (stored) samples are analysed for residue level (expressed for example in mg/kg).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076457-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gestión de velocidad (2009)
    MADRID : Dirección General de Tráfico, Spain
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102374
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (277 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Speed Management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gestion de la vitesse
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102374-es
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 451: Carcinogenicity Studies (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071186
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 451 ; Études de cancérogénèse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 451 : Études de cancérogénèse
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The objective of a long-term carcinogenicity study is to observe test animals for a major portion of their life span for the development of neoplastic lesions during or after exposure to various doses of a test substance by an appropriate route of administration. This Test Guideline is intended primarily for use with rats and mice, and for oral administration. Both sexes should be used. Each dose group and concurrent control group should contain at least 50 animals of each sex. At least three dose levels and a concurrent control should be used. Animals are dosed with the test substance daily (oral, dermal or inhalation administration) and the mode of exposure should be adjusted according to the toxicokinetic profile of the test substance. The duration of the study will normally be 24 months for rodents. For specific strains of mice, duration of 18 months may be more appropriate. Termination of the study should be considered when the number of survivors in the lower dose groups or the control group falls below 25 per cent. The results of these studies include: measurements (weighing, food consumption), and, at least, daily and detailed observations, as well as gross necropsy and histopathology.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071186-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 441: Hershberger Bioassay in Rats : A Short-term Screening Assay for (Anti)Androgenic Properties (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076334
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai No. 441; Bio-essai de Hershberger sur le rat ; Essai de dépistage à court terme de propriétés (anti)androgéniques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai No. 441: Bio-essai de Hershberger sur le rat : Essai de dépistage à court terme de propriétés (anti)androgéniques
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Hershberger Bioassay is an in vivo short–term screening test. It evaluates the ability of a chemical to elicit biological activities consistent with androgen agonists, antagonists or 5 á-reductase inhibitors. The current bioassay is based on the changes in weight of five androgen-dependent tissues in the castrate-peripubertal male rat: the ventral prostate, seminal vesicle (plus fluids and coagulating glands), levator ani-bulbocavernosus muscle, paired Cowper’s glands and the glans penis. In order to establish whether a test substance can have androgenic or antiandrogenic action, two – respectively three - dose groups of the test substance, plus positive and vehicle (negative) controls are normally sufficient. The test substance is administered by gavage or subcutaneous injection daily for 10 consecutive days. To test for antiandrogens, the test substance is administered together with a reference androgen agonist. Each treated and control group should include a minimum of 6 animals. The animals are necropsied approximately 24 hours after the last administration of the test substance. The tissues are excised and their fresh weights determined. A statistically significant increase (androgenic) or decrease (antiandrogenic) in the weights of two of the five tissues indicates a positive response in this assay.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076334-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 229: Fish Short Term Reproduction Assay (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076211
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 229 ; Essai à court terme de reproduction des poissons
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 229 : Essai à court terme de reproduction des poissons
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an in vivo screening assay for fish reproduction where sexually mature male and spawning female fish are held together and exposed to a chemical during a limited part of their life-cycle (21 days). The short term reproduction assay was validated in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and this is the recommended species. The assay is run with three test chemical concentrations and the necessary controls, including a carrier control if necessary. For the fathead minnow, four replicate test vessels are used for each treatment level and control(s). During the conduct of the assay, the egg production is measured quantitatively daily in each test vessel. At termination of the 21-day exposure period, two biomarker endpoints are measured in males and females separately, as indicators of endocrine activity of the test chemical; these endpoints are vitellogenin and secondary sexual characteristics. Gonads of both sexes are also preserved and histopathology may be evaluated to assess the reproductive fitness of the test animals and to add to the weight of evidence of other endpoints.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076211-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 232: Collembolan Reproduction Test in Soil (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076273
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (19 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 232 ; Essai de reproduction de collemboles dans le sol
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 232 : Essai de reproduction de collemboles dans le sol
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed for assessing the effects of chemicals on the reproduction of collembolans in soil. The parthenogenetic Folsomia candida is the recommended species for use, but an alternative species such as sexually reproducing Folsomia fimetaria could also be used if they meet the validity criteria. This Guideline can be used for testing both water soluble and insoluble substances but it is not applicable to volatile ones. The Guideline aims to determine toxic effects of the test substance on adult mortality and reproductive output expressed as LCx and ECx respectively, or NOEC/LOEC value. The number of treatment concentrations varies depending on endpoints to be determined. For a combined approach to examine both the NOEC/LOEC and ECx, eight concentrations in a geometric series with four replicates for each concentration as well as eight control replicates should be used. In each test vessel, 10 juveniles F. candida (or 10 males and 10 females adults F. fimetaria) should be placed on 30 g of modified OECD artificial soil using a 5 % organic matter content. The duration of a definitive reproduction test is 4 weeks for F. candida or 3 weeks for F. fimetaria.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076273-en
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Natural Resources and Pro-Poor Growth : The Economics and Politics (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060258
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: DAC Guidelines and Reference Series
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ressources naturelles et croissance pro-pauvres ; Enjeux économiques et politiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ressources naturelles et croissance pro-pauvres : Enjeux économiques et politiques
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Natural resources and pro-poor growth
    RVK:
    QG 020
    Keywords: Natürliche Ressourcen ; Armut ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Entwicklungsländer ; Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Natürliche Ressourcen ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: This publication demonstrates that natural resources can contribute to growth, employment, exports and fiscal revenues in low-income countries, where natural capital constitutes a quarter of total wealth. It highlights the importance of policies encouraging the sustainable management of these resources. Moreover, it emphasises the need to address the political challenges of natural-resource management for long-term pro-poor economic growth. Part I provides an overview of the economics and politics of natural resources. It describes the unique features of natural resources and resulting management challenges, the role of sustainable natural resource management in supporting pro-poor growth, and the politics and governance of natural resources. It then offers recommendations for policy makers on how to support the approaches advocated in the paper. Part II examines these issues with respect to seven specific natural-resource sectors: fisheries, forests, wildlife and ecotourism, soil productivity, water security, minerals and renewable energy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060258-en
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  • 18
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Finland 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264055582
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Finlande 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Finlande 2009
    Keywords: Environment ; Finland
    Abstract: OECD's comprehensive review of Finland's environmental programs and policies covers air and water management, nature and biodiversity, sustainable development, the environment-economy interface, the environment-social interface, and international commitments. The review includes relevant statistical information as well as a series of recommendations for strengthening environmental infrastructure, implementing environmental policy and integrating environmental concerns into economic decisions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264055582-en
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  • 19
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    Starting Strong II : Early Childhood Education and Care (Korean version) (2009)
    Seoul, 110-760 : Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Korea
    Details
    ISBN: 9788992396271
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (242 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Starting Strong II; Early Childhood Education and Care
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Petite enfance, grands défis II ; Éducation et structures d'accueil
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Starting Strong II: Early Childhood Education and Care
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Petite enfance, grands défis II : Éducation et structures d'accueil
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/9788992396271-ko
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  • 20
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    Test No. 403: Acute Inhalation Toxicity (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070608
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (19 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 403 ; Toxicité aigue͏̈ par inhalation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 403 : Toxicité aigue͏̈ par inhalation
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This method provides information on health hazard likely to arise from short-term exposure to a test article (gas, vapour or aerosol/particulate test article) by inhalation. The revised Test Guideline describes two studies: a traditional LC50 protocol and a Concentration x Time (C x t) protocol. It can be used to estimate a median lethal concentration (LC50), non-lethal threshold concentration (LC01) and slope, and to identify possible sex susceptibility. This Test Guideline enables a test article quantitative risk assessment and classification according to the Globally Harmonized System for the Classification and Labelling of Chemicals. In the traditional LC50 protocol, animals are exposed to one limit concentration or to three concentrations, at least, for a predetermined duration, generally of 4 hours. Usually 10 animals should be used for each concentration. In the C x T protocol, animals are exposed to one limit concentration or a series of concentrations over multiple time durations. Usually 2 animals per C x t interval are used. Animals (the preferred species is the rat) should be observed for at least 14 days. The study includes measurements (including weighing), daily and detailed observations, as well as gross necropsy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070608-en
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  • 21
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    Test No. 231: Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076242
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 231 ; Essai de métamorphose des amphibiens
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 231 : Essai de métamorphose des amphibiens
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an amphibian metamorphosis assay intended to screen substances which may interfere with the normal functioning of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis. The assay was validated with the species Xenopus laevis, which is recommended for use in the Guideline. The assay uses three test chemical concentrations and the necessary controls, including a carrier control if necessary. The assay starts with tadpoles at the development stage 51 on the Nieuwkoop and Faber scale and is extended for a duration of 21 days. Four replicate test vessels are used for each treatment level and control(s). After 7 days of exposure, a sub-set of tadpoles from each treatment level is sampled for the measurement of the length of the hind-limb. At termination of 21-day exposure period, developmental stage, snout-to-vent length and hind limb length are measured on all remaining tadpoles. A sub-set of tadpoles from each treatment level is fixed (whole-body or dissected) for histopathology of the thyroid gland.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076242-en
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  • 22
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    Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life : A Synthesis of Findings for OECD Countries (Korean version) (2009)
    ParisaSeoul : OECD PublishingaOECD/Korea Policy Centre, Korea
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264063426
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life; A Synthesis of Findings for OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille ; Synthèse des résultats dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life: A Synthesis of Findings for OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille : Synthèse des résultats dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264063426-ko
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  • 23
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    Society at a Glance 2009 : OECD Social Indicators (Korean version) (2009)
    Seoul : OECD/Korea Policy Centre, Korea
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264077904
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (133 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Society at a Glance 2009; OECD Social Indicators
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Panorama de la société 2009 ; Les indicateurs sociaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gesellschaft auf einen Blick 2009; OECD-Sozialindikatoren
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Society at a Glance 2009: OECD Social Indicators
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Panorama de la société 2009 : Les indicateurs sociaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gesellschaft auf einen Blick 2009: OECD-Sozialindikatoren
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: How are OECD societies progressing? How effective are their actions in promoting social progress? Society at a Glance provides a basis for addressing these twin questions. It offers a concise overview of quantitative social trends and policies across the OECD. This 2009 edition includes a wide range of information on social issues – such as demography and family characteristics, employment and unemployment, poverty and inequality, social and health care expenditure, and work and life satisfaction –as well as a guide to help readers understand the structure of OECD social indicators. In addition to updating some of the indicators from previous editions, Society at a Glance 2009 adds several new and innovative social indicators, including adult height, perceived health status, risky youth behaviour and bullying. For the first time, the report also provides a condensed set of headline social indicators summarising social well-being in OECD countries. In addition, a special chapter examines leisure time across the OECD.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264077904-ko
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  • 24
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    Assessing Environmental Management Capacity: Towards a Common Reference Framework (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 113 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.8
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness calls upon donor and partner countries to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of country systems in a way that guarantees ownership and sustainable results. Within this context, the current paper provides a synthesis of major elements and approaches of institutional assessment that may be applied to environmental management. It suggests that while a large number of diagnostic tools are in use, their level of elaboration is not sufficient for systemic sector-specific capacity assessments that would match partners’ and donors’ needs. In order to facilitate the improvement of these tools, the paper provides an inventory of core functions for environmental management. This inventory may be used by those involved in capacity assessments to consider more amply specifics of the environmental sector. Each function will need to be associated with benchmarks reflecting the multifaceted nature of institutional capacity. The evolving approaches to environmental management, as well as changes in the international and country context, impose the need to regularly update both the list of functions and complementary benchmarks.
    DOI: 10.1787/224131752784
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  • 25
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    Test No. 452: Chronic Toxicity Studies (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071209
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 452 ; Études de toxicité chronique
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 452 : Études de toxicité chronique
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The objective of these chronic toxicity studies is to characterize the profile of a substance in a mammalian species (primarily rodents) following prolonged and repeated exposure. The Test Guideline focuses on rodents and oral administration. Both sexes should be used. For rodents, at least 20 animals per sex per group should normally be used at each dose level, while for non-rodents a minimum of 4 per sex per group is recommended. At least three dose levels should be used in addition to the concurrent control group. Frequency of exposure normally is daily, but may vary according to the route chosen (oral, dermal or inhalation) and should be adjusted according to the toxicokinetic profile of the test substance. The duration of the exposure period should be 12 months. The study report should include: measurements (weighing) and regular detailed observations (haematological examination, urinalysis, clinical chemistry), as well as necropsy procedures and histopathology.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071209-en
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  • 26
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    Pensions at a Glance : Asia/Pacific (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059771
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (102 p)
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The report analyses the retirement income systems of 18 Asian countries, including Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, the Philippines and Vietnam. It says that reform is needed because: coverage of formal pension systems is relatively low; withdrawal of savings before retirement is very common; pension savings are often taken as lump sums and often do not provide people with adequate income over their lifetime; pensions payments are not automatically adjusted to reflect changes in the cost of living. In OECD countries, an average of 70% of the working-age population are eligible for a pension. However in South Asia, just 7.5% of the working-age population are eligible and in East Asia 18%. Furthermore, few countries in Asia/Pacific have social pensions to provide safety-net retirement incomes for people who are not members of formal schemes. Only in India are social pensions significant, with around 10 to 15% of older people covered.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059771-en
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  • 27
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    Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operation: Policy Guidance (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264054950
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Adaptation au changement climatique et coopération pour le développement ; Document d'orientation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integración de la Adaptación en la Cooperación para el Desarrollo ; Guía sobre Políticas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integração da Adaptação às Alterações Climáticas na Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento; Guia para o Desenvolvimento de Políticas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Adaptation au changement climatique et coopération pour le développement : Document d'orientation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integración de la Adaptación en la Cooperación para el Desarrollo : Guía sobre Políticas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integração da Adaptação às Alterações Climáticas na Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento: Guia para o Desenvolvimento de Políticas
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Integrating climate change adaptation into development co-operation
    DDC: 363.73874
    RVK:
    AR 28300
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Environment ; Development ; Klimaänderung ; Entwicklungszusammenarbeit
    Abstract: The negative impacts of climate change will hit poor people and poor countries disproportionately, and further compromise the achievement of their development objectives. Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operation provides essential information and advice on how to facilitate the integration of adaptation into development processes. The objectives of this policy guidance are to: i) promote understanding of the implications of climate change on development practice and the associated need to mainstream climate adaptation in development co-operation agencies and partner countries; ii) identify appropriate approaches for integrating climate change adaptation into development policies at national, sectoral and project levels and in urban and rural contexts; and iii) identify practical ways for donors to support developing country partners in their efforts to reduce their vulnerability to climate variability and climate change. While efforts to integrate climate change adaptation will be led by developing country partners, international donors have a critical role to play in supporting such efforts.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264054950-en
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  • 28
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    Test No. 453: Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Studies (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071223
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 453 ; Études combinées de toxicité chronique et de cancérogénèse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 453 : Études combinées de toxicité chronique et de cancérogénèse
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The objective of a combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study is to identify carcinogenic and the majority of chronic effects, and to determine dose-response relationships following prolonged and repeated exposure. The rat is typically used for this study. For rodents, each dose group and concurrent control group intended for the carcinogenicity phase of the study should contain at least 50 animals of each sex, while for the chronic toxicity phase of the study should contain at least 10 animals of each sex. At least three dose levels should be used, in addition to the concurrent control group for both the chronic toxicity phase and the carcinogenicity phase of the study. The three main routes of administration are oral, dermal, and inhalation. The Test Guideline focuses on the oral route of administration. The period of dosing and duration of the study is normally 12 months for the chronic phase, and 24 months for the carcinogenicity phase. The study report should include: measurements (weighing) and regular detailed observations (haematological examination, urinalysis, clinical chemistry), as well as necropsy procedures and histopathology. All these observations permit the detection of neoplastic effects and a determination of carcinogenic potential as well as the general toxicity.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071223-en
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  • 29
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    Test No. 455: The Stably Transfected Human Estrogen Receptor-alpha Transcriptional Activation Assay for Detection of Estrogenic Agonist-Activity of Chemicals (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076372
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 455 ; Essai d'activation transcriptionnelle faisant intervenir le récepteur d'œstrogène alpha humain transfecté de façon stable pour la détection de l'activité œstrogénique agoniste des substances testées
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 455 : Essai d'activation transcriptionnelle faisant intervenir le récepteur d'œstrogène alpha humain transfecté de façon stable pour la détection de l'activité œstrogénique agoniste des substances testées
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an in vitro assay, which provides mechanistical information, and can be used for screening and prioritization purposes. The test system utilises the hERalpha-HeLa-9903 cell line derived from a human cervical tumor and stably transfected. This cell line can measure the ability of a test chemical to induce hERalpha-mediated transactivation of luciferase gene expression. The cells are exposed to 7 non-cytotoxic concentrations of the test chemical for 20-24 hours to induce the reporter gene products. Four reference chemicals should be included in each experiment: a strong estrogen (17beta-estradiol), a weak estrogen (17alpha-estradiol), a very weak estrogen (17alpha-methyltestosterone) and a negative control (corticosterone). The activity of the luciferase enzyme is measured in a luminometer. A test chemical is considered to be positive if the maximum response induced is equal to or exceeds 10% of the response of the positive control (1 nM 17alpha-estradiol) in at least two of two or two of three runs. Software to be used with TG 425, 432, 455. Click here. Software not part of the Mutual Acceptance of Data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076372-en
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  • 30
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    Test No. 412: Subacute Inhalation Toxicity: 28-Day Study (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070783
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 412 ; Toxicité subaigüe par inhalation ; étude sur 28 jours
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 412 : Toxicité subaigüe par inhalation : étude sur 28 jours
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This revised Test Guideline 412 (TG 412) has been designed to fully characterize test article toxicity by the inhalation route following repeated exposure for a limited period of time (28 days), and to provide data for quantitative inhalation risk assessments. It was updated in 2017 to enable the testing and characterisation of effects of nanomaterials tested. Groups of at least 5 male and 5 female rodents are exposed 6 hours per day for 28 days to a) the test chemical at three or more concentration levels, b) filtered air (negative control), and/or c) the vehicle (vehicle control). Animals are generally exposed 5 days per week but exposure for 7 days per week is also allowed. Males and females are always tested, but they may be exposed at different concentration levels if it is known that one sex is more susceptible to a given test article. This guideline allows the study director the flexibility to include satellite (reversibility) groups, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), lung burden (LB) for particles, neurologic tests, and additional clinical pathology and histopathological evaluations in order to better characterize the toxicity of a test chemical.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070783-en
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  • 31
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    Test No. 413: Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-day Study (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070806
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 413 ; Toxicité subchronique par inhalation ; 90 jours
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 413 : Toxicité subchronique par inhalation : 90 jours
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This revised Test Guideline 413 (TG 413) has been designed to fully characterize test article toxicity by the inhalation route following repeated exposure for a period of 90 days, and to provide data for quantitative inhalation risk assessments. It was updated in 2017 to enable the testing and characterisation of effects of nanomaterials tested. Groups of at least 10 male and 10 female rodents are exposed 6 hours per day for 90 days to a) the test chemical at three or more concentration levels, b) filtered air (negative control), and/or c) the vehicle (vehicle control). Animals are generally exposed 5 days per week but exposure for 7 days per week is also allowed. Males and females are always tested, but they may be exposed at different concentration levels if it is known that one sex is more susceptible to a given test chemical. The results of the study include measurement and daily and detailed observations (haematology and clinical chemistry), as well as ophthalmology, gross pathology, organ weights, and histopathology. This Test Guideline allows the flexibility to include satellite (reversibility) groups, interim sacrifices, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), lung burden (LB) for particles, neurologic tests, and additional clinical pathology and histopathological evaluations in order to better characterize the toxicity of a test chemical.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070806-en
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  • 32
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    Test No. 437: Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076303
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 437 ; Méthode d'essai d'opacité et de perméabilité de la cornée bovine pour l'identification de substances corrosives et fortement irritantes pour l'œil
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 437 : Méthode d'essai d'opacité et de perméabilité de la cornée bovine pour l'identification de substances corrosives et fortement irritantes pour l'œil
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability test method (BCOP) is an in vitro test method that can be used to classify substances as 'ocular corrosives and severe irritants'. The BCOP uses isolated corneas from the eyes of cattle slaughtered for commercial purposes, thus avoiding the use of laboratory animals. Each treatment group (test substance, negative/positive controls) consists of a minimum of three eyes where the cornea has been excised and mounted to a holder. Depending on the physical nature and chemical characteristics of the test substance, different methods can be used for its application since the critical factor is ensuring that the test substance adequately covers the epithelial surface. Toxic effects to the cornea are measured as opacity and permeability, which when combined gives an In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) for each treatment group. A substance that induces an IVIS superior or equal to 55.1 is defined as a corrosive or severe irritant.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076303-en
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  • 33
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    Test No. 436: Acute Inhalation Toxicity Acute Toxic Class Method (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076037
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 436 ; Toxicité aigue͏̈ par inhalation - Méthode par classe de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 436 : Toxicité aigue͏̈ par inhalation Méthode par classe de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The method described by this Test Guideline provides information that allows hazard assessment for short-term exposure to a test article by inhalation, and allows the substance to be classified according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). The test method is based on a stepwise procedure, each step using 3 animals of each sex (the preferred species is rat). Animals are exposed in inhalation chambers to a pre-defined concentration for 4 hours. Absence or presence of compound-related mortality of the animals at one step will determine the next step. Animals in severe pain or distress should be humanely killed. The starting concentration is selected from one of four fixed levels corresponding to GHS categories 1-4 for gases, vapours or aerosols. Animals are observed daily for clinical signs of toxicity for a total of at least 14 days. Animals' body weights should be determined at least weekly. All the animals should be subjected to gross necropsy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076037-en
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  • 34
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    Guidance Manual for the Control of Transboundary Movements of Recoverable Wastes (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060753
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Guidance Manual includes detailed explanations on how to implement the OECD Decision C(2001)107/FINAL, as amended; copies of the Decision C(2001)107/FINAL (Annex A), including Appendices 3 and 4, and Appendix 8 which have been amended by C(2008)156; the updated consolidated lists of waste subject to the Green and Amber control procedures (Annexes B and C); other relevant information to facilitate the implementation of the OECD Decision C(2001)107/FINAL, such as applicable international transport agreements and a sample contract; and queries of the interactive database aiming to facilitate the paperwork of all parties involved in transboundary movements of wastes by providing the necessary information to complete the forms for the notification and movement documents. The database includes the information required by the Decision C(2001)107/FINAL, as amended and some practical information for each OECD member country (http://www2.oecd.org/waste).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060753-en
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  • 35
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    Perspectivas del empleo de la OCED 2008 (2008)
    Madrid : Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs (MTAS), Spain
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264063433
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (374 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Employment Outlook 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives de l'emploi de l'OCDE 2008
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Empezar con buen pie –El paso de los jóvenes de la escuela al mundo del trabajo en los países de la OCDE– ¿Cuánto tiempo toma a la juventud transitar de la escuela a la vida laboral?, ¿los recién egresados que se emplean en trabajos de baja remuneración o temporales se estancan ahí o son capaces de moverse a mejores empleos y ascender en sus carreras?Declarar el trabajo o trabajar en la economía sumergida: el empleo informal en siete países de la OCDE. ¿Qué tan extendido se encuentra el empleo informal y no declarado en países de ingresos bajos y medios de la OCDE?, ¿qué políticas pueden adoptar los países para reducir el empleo informal y los problemas que este crea?El precio de los prejuicios: la discriminación en el mercado de trabajo por razones de sexo y de origen étnico. ¿Cuánta discriminación padecen las mujeres y las minorías étnicas en el mercado de trabajo?, ¿Qué están haciendo los gobiernos de la OCDE para reducir la discriminación y cómo esos esfuerzos son más efectivos?¿Son todos los trabajos buenos para la salud? La influencia de la situación con respecto al empleo y de las condiciones de trabajo en la salud mental. ¿El aumento considerable del número de perceptores de prestaciones por incapacidad a causa de enfermedades mentales en países de la OCDE refleja un aumento generalizado en problemas de salud mental de la población en edad activa? ¿cómo el trabajo y el estrés relacionado afecta la salud mental?¿Favorecen las empresas multinacionales la mejora de la remuneración y de las condiciones de trabajo? ¿las filiales en el extranjero de empresas multinacionales pagan mejores salarios y ofrecen mejores condiciones de trabajo que las empresas locales? ¿se producen efectos en los salarios y en las condiciones de trabajo en las empresas locales?
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264063433-es
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    Effective Aid, Better Health (2008)
    Geneva 27 : World Health Organization
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264055964
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Une aide efficace. Une meilleure santé
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: This report draws a range of new analyses and case studies carried out in preparation for the Accra High-Level Forum held in September 2008. It it is organized into four parts. Part 1 examines trends in aid for health from a global perspective, focusing both on how increases in aid finance have been used, and on financing modalities and patterns that impact on the implementation of the Paris declaration. Part 2 then draws on a series of country cases studies-including Rwanda, Uganda, Cambodia, Vietnam, Ethiopia, the Kyrgyz Republic, Mali and Tanzania-looking at practical experience from the perspective of the main pillars of the Paris Declaration. Part 3 examines current issues and future directions, highlighting new work on predictable financing, showcasing developments in mutual accountability through country compacts, and innovations in cross-cutting issues such as gender and human rights. Part 4 summarizes the key messages and recommendations following the structure and format of the Accra Agenda for Action.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264055964-en
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  • 37
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    Health at a Glance 2007 : OECD Indicators (Korean version) (2008)
    Seoul : Joint OECD/Korea Regional Centre on Health and Social Policy
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264055896
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (201 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Health at a Glance 2007; OECD Indicators
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Panorama de la santé 2007 ; Les indicateurs de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gesundheit auf einen Blick 2007; OECD-Indikatoren
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Panorama de la salud 2007 ; Los indicadores de la OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Health at a Glance 2007: OECD Indicators
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Panorama de la santé 2007 : Les indicateurs de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gesundheit auf einen Blick 2007: OECD-Indikatoren
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Panorama de la salud 2007 : Los indicadores de la OCDE
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264055896-ko
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  • 38
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    Test No. 211: Daphnia magna Reproduction Test (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070127
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (23 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 211; Daphnia magna, essai de reproduction
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 211: Daphnia magna, essai de reproduction
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The test method described in this Test Guideline assesses the effect of chemicals on the reproductive output of Daphnia magna Straus. To this end, young female Daphnia are exposed to the test substance added to water at a range of concentrations (at least five). For semi-static tests, at least 10 animals at each test concentration and for flow-through tests, 40 animals divided into four groups of 10 animals at each test concentration, are used. The test duration is 21 days. Reproductive output of the parent animals and the total number of living offspring produced per parent alive at the end of the test should be reported. The study report should also include: the daily counting of the offspring, the daily recording of the parent mortality, the weekly measurement of oxygen concentration, temperature, hardness and pH values and the determination of the concentrations of test substance. Optionally, the sex ratio of the offspring may be recorded. The reproductive output of the animals exposed to the test substance is compared to that of the control in order to determine the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) and hence the no observed effect concentration (NOEC). In addition, and as far as possible, the data are analyzed using a regression model in order to estimate the concentration that would cause an x % reduction in reproductive output.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070127-en
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  • 39
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    Test No. 407: Repeated Dose 28-day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070684
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 407; Toxicité orale à doses répétées - pendant 28 jours sur les rongeurs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 407: Toxicité orale à doses répétées - pendant 28 jours sur les rongeurs
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This method provides information on health hazard likely to arise from exposure to test substance via oral administration. The method is based on the repeated oral administration of the substance of interest during one limited period (one dose level daily during 28 days). This Guideline is intended primarily for use with rodents (rat preferably). At least 10 animals (5 female and 5 male) should be used for each dose level. Three tests groups, at least, should be used. The test compound is administered by gavage or via the diet or drinking water. A limit test may be performed if no effects would be expected at a dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/d. The report of this study will include results from clinical and functional observations, body weight and food/water consumption measurements, hematology and clinical biochemistry; as well as gross necropsy and histopathology.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070684-en
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  • 40
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    Assessing Microbial Safety of Drinking Water : Improving Approaches and Methods (Arabic version) (2008)
    Riyadh : Ministry of Higher Education King Saud University, Translation Center, Saudi Arabia
    Details
    ISBN: 9789960552095
    Language: Arabic
    Pages: Online-Ressource (431 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Assessing Microbial Safety of Drinking Water; Improving Approaches and Methods
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Assessing Microbial Safety of Drinking Water: Improving Approaches and Methods
    Keywords: Environment
    DOI: 10.1787/9789960552095-ar
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  • 41
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    Riesgos Ambientales y Seguros : Un análisis comparativo del papel de los seguros en la gestión de riesgos relacionados con el medio ambiente (2008)
    Madrid : Ministry of Environment, Spain
    Details
    ISBN: 9788483203941
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmental Risks and Insurance; A Comparative Analysis of the Role of Insurance in the Management of Environment-Related Risks
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Assurance et risques environnementaux; Une analyse comparative du rôle de l'assurance dans la gestion des risques liés à l'environnement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmental Risks and Insurance: A Comparative Analysis of the Role of Insurance in the Management of Environment-Related Risks
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Assurance et risques environnementaux: Une analyse comparative du rôle de l'assurance dans la gestion des risques liés à l'environnement
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Desde la creciente incidencia de la contaminación ambiental y la contaminación del suelo hasta las catástrofes naturales, los riesgos producidos por la constante interacción entre las actividades humanas y el medio ambiente son diversos, numerosos y, a menudo, con consecuencias catastróficas. Por lo tanto, la elaboración de planes eficaces de gestión de riesgos, dirigidos a la formulación de estrategias de respuesta viables, requiere la contribución de todos los actores económicos involucrados: grupos privados, instituciones financieras, gobiernos y organizaciones internacionales. Este informe se centra en el papel de las compañías aseguradoras y reaseguradoras en la gestión de riesgos ambientales, en particular, el riesgo de contaminación ambiental y el riesgo de catástrofes naturales. Se discute la asegurabilidad de tales riesgos, se analiza el aumento del riesgo de responsabilidad por contaminación ambiental y las tendencias subyacentes en el desarrollo de regímenes de responsabilidad ambiental en los países de la OCDE. También presenta una visión general de los diversos productos de seguro medioambiental y de las técnicas desarrolladas en respuesta a la evolución legal y fáctica. Además, describe las características especiales de los riesgos por catástrofes naturales, el funcionamiento tradicional del mercado de seguros en la cobertura de tales peligros y opciones alternativas de cobertura, desde los planes gubernamentales contra el riesgo de desastres hasta los nuevos instrumentos financieros de mercado.
    DOI: 10.1787/9788483203941-es
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  • 42
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    OECD-Umweltausblick bis 2030 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043329
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (522 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Outlook to 2030
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives de l'environnement de l'OCDE à l'horizon 2030
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Der OECD-Umweltausblick bis 2030 liefert Analysen ökonomischer und ökologischer Trends bis 2030 sowie Simulationen politischer Maßnahmen zur Bewältigung der wichtigsten Herausforderungen. Wenn keine neuen Maßnahmen ergriffen werden, laufen wir Gefahr, die Umwelt und die natürliche Ressourcenbasis, die zur Sicherung von Wirtschaftswachstum und Wohlstand notwendig ist, irreversibel zu schädigen. Bei politischer Untätigkeit drohen hohe Kosten. Der Ausblick zeigt allerdings, dass es sowohl möglich als auch finanzierbar ist, die größten ökologischen Probleme der heutigen Zeit – darunter Klimawandel, Verlust an biologischer Vielfalt, Wassermangel und Gesundheitsschädigungen durch Umweltverschmutzung – zu bewältigen. Er richtet das Augenmerk auf den Policy Mix, mit dem diesen Herausforderungen auf kosteneffiziente Weise begegnet werden kann. Im Vergleich zur Ausgabe 2001 wurde der Blickwinkel dieses Ausblicks erweitert, da nicht nur auf die Entwicklungen in den OECD-Ländern, sondern auch auf Brasilien, Russland, Indien, Indonesien, China sowie Südafrika (BRIICS) und insbesondere auf die Frage eingegangen wird, wie die Länder im Hinblick auf globale und lokale Lösungen für ökologische Probleme besser zusammenarbeiten können.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043329-de
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  • 43
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    Space Technologies and Climate Change : Implications for Water Management, Marine Resources and Maritime Transport (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264054196
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Environment ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: This book examines the contributions that space technologies can make in tackling some of the serious problems posed by climate change. Focusing on examples of water management, marine resources and maritime transport, it sets out the rationale for further developing satellite systems to measure and monitor climate change and help mitigate its consequences. The report underlines the need to consider satellites not just as research and development systems, but as an important component of a critical communication- and information-based infrastructure for modern societies. The tool box for decision makers that concludes the book reviews different methodological options for deciding on investments in space-based earth observation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264054196-en
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  • 44
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    Empleo juvenil: España (2008)
    Madrid : Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs (MTAS), Spain
    Details
    ISBN: 9788484172741
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes; Spain 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes: Spain 2007
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Spain
    DOI: 10.1787/9788484172741-es
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  • 45
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    Climate Change Mitigation : What Do We Do? (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059610
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'atténuation du changement climatique ; Que faire?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'atténuation du changement climatique : Que faire?
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Climate change is a fact of life. We need to act urgently if we are to avoid an irreversible build-up of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and global warming at a potentially huge cost to the economy and society worldwide. OECD analysis suggests that if we act now, we have 10 to 15 years’ “breathing space” during which action is possible at a relatively modest cost. But every year of delay reduces this breathing space, while requiring ever more stringent measures to make a difference. Current financial turmoil is not a reason to delay. Indeed, its macroeconomic consequences will be resolved in a relatively short time, after which growth will resume, while the consequences of inaction on global warming will continue to grow more and more costly over time...
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059610-en
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  • 46
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    The Polluter Pays Principle (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264044845
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (118 p)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: As the Polluter-Pays Principle is a fundamental principle of cost allocation, its analysis covers a substantial part of the vast field of environmental resource allocation. This report, originally published in 1975, presents a selection of relevant theoretical and practical analyses now that the Polluter-Pays Principle must be regarded as a mainstay of Member countries’ environmental policies. First, in the matter of definitions of the Polluter-Pays Principle, the definition officially adopted by the OECD is outlined, together with an answer to the questions which consequently arise. With regard to analysis of the Polluter-Pays Principle, one study deals in detail with the economic foundations of the Principle and possible effects of its application, such as on behaviour of the polluting firm. Lastly, the important problem of implementing the PolluterPays Principle is discussed at some length.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264044845-en
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  • 47
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    West African Mobility and Migration Policies of OECD Countries (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264029422
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: West African Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mobilités ouest-africaines et politiques migratoires des pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als West African mobility and migration policies of OECD countries
    RVK:
    RC 10594
    Keywords: Internationale Migration ; Westafrika ; Migrationspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; EU-Staaten ; Africans Migrations ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Africa, West Emigration and immigration ; OECD countries Emigration and immigration ; OECD countries Emigration and immigration ; Government policy ; Westafrika ; Einwanderung
    Abstract: This publication reviews migration policies in the main OECD countries receiving West African migrants and analyses the recent discussions within Europe. This report lists common approaches undertaken in Europe, Africa and West Africa and aims to shed light on decision makers’ strategic thinking. It provides the greater public with an objective understanding of this recent dynamic.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264029422-en
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  • 48
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    Environmental Policy, Technological Innovation and Patents (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264046825
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Environmental Innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politique environnementale, innovation technologique et dépôts de brevets
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Environmental policy, technological innovation and patents
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Patent ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Kraftfahrzeug ; Papierindustrie ; Wasseraufbereitung ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Environmental policy Economic aspects ; Technological innovations Environmental aspects ; Technological innovations Patents ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Umweltpolitik ; Umwelttechnik ; Technische Innovation ; Patentdokumentation
    Abstract: This report presents three case studies to illustrate the relationship between environmental policy and technological innovation. The case studies cover abatement technologies for wastewater effluent from pulp production, abatement of motor vehicle emissions, and development of renewable energy technologies. On the basis of patent data, the nature, extent, and causes of innovation in each of these areas have been explored. While a particular focus has been placed on the role of environmental policy in bringing about the innovation documented, it is recognised that other factors play a key role in inducing innovation that has positive environmental implications.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264046825-en
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  • 49
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Denmark 2007 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264039582
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Danemark 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Danemark 2007
    Keywords: Environment ; Denmark
    Abstract: This systematic review of environmental policies and programmes in Denmark finds progress in tackling environmental challenges over the last ten years, but insists the country must green its economy (e.g. transport, agriculture, energy sectors and fiscal policies) and must face special challenges associated with health, biodiversity, and marine protection.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264039582-en
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  • 50
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Hungary 2008 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264049284
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Hongrie 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews Hungary; (Hungarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Hongrie 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews Hungary: (Hungarian version)
    Keywords: Environment ; Hungary
    Abstract: OECD's comprehensive review of Hungary's environmental programs and policies, covering air and water management, nature and biodiversity, sustainable development, the environment-economy interface, the environment-social interface, and international commitments. The review includes relevant statistical information as well as a series of recommendations for strengthening environmental infrastructure, implementing environmental policy and integrating environmental concerns into economic decisions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264049284-en
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  • 51
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    Test No. 508: Magnitude of the Pesticide Residues in Processed Commodities (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264067622
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 5
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 508 ; Étude quantitative des résidus de pesticides dans les produits transformés
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 508 : Étude quantitative des résidus de pesticides dans les produits transformés
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes how to plan and carry out processing studies, i.e. determine residue levels in primary processed commodities following pesticide application on raw agriculture commodities (RAC) under conditions likely to lead to maximum residues. It provides the distribution of residues (active ingredient, and/or metabolites, degradation products), and preferential accumulation in various processed products resulting from the processing of a commodity. Used RACs (of plant origin and animal origin) should contain field-treated quantifiable residues, at sufficient levels so that concentration/dilution factors for the various consumed products and non-consumed intermediates can be determined. Pesticides residues to be measured are determined by the residue definition based on studies on the nature of the residue in processing and/or in plant and livestock. For each field test site (at least two independent) the processing factor (Pf) is calculated as the ratio between the residue level in the processed commodity and in the RAC or the commodity to be processed. If a given commodity has two or more significantly different commercial procedures, two trials for each procedure are necessary. Spiked samples should be run concurrently with those from the processing study to ensure the method validity.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264067622-en
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  • 52
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    Test No. 425: Acute Oral Toxicity: Up-and-Down Procedure (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071049
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 425; Toxicité aigue͏̈ par voie orale; méthode de l'ajustement des doses
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 425: Toxicité aigue͏̈ par voie orale: méthode de l'ajustement des doses
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The method permits estimation of an LD50 with a confidence interval and the results allow a substance to be classified for acute toxicity according to the Globally Harmonised System of classification and labelling of chemicals. It is easiest to apply to materials that produce death within couple of days. This Test Guideline is intended for use with rodents (rat female preferably). There are a limit test and a main test. The limit test can be used efficiently to identify chemicals that are likely to have low toxicity. The test substance is administered generally in a single dose by gavage to animals fasted prior to dosing. Single animals are dosed in sequence usually at 48h intervals. The first animal is dosed a step below the best preliminary estimates of the LD50. The second animal receives a lower dose (if the first animal dies) or a higher dose (if the first animal survives). Animals are observed with a special attention given during the first 4 hours and daily thereafter, for a total of 14 days generally. Weights Animals should be determined at least weekly. All the animals should be subjected to gross necropsy. Globally the LD50 is calculated using the maximum likelihood method. Following this, it may be possible to compute interval estimates for the LD50; most narrow is the interval and better is LD50 estimation. Software to be used with TG 425, 432, 455. Click here. Software not part of the Mutual Acceptance of Data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071049-en
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    Gender and Sustainable Development : Maximising the Economic, Social and Environmental Role of Women (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264049901
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 p)
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Sustainable development depends on maintaining long-term economic, social, and environmental capital. In failing to make the best use of their female populations, most countries are underinvesting in the human capital needed to assure sustainabilitly. This market and systems failure is discussed in this publication in terms of gender constraints, which are based on the socially-constructed and historically developed roles of men and women. It also illuminates how female contributions can be better realized at present and how strategies can be developed for meeting the needs of future generations. This report is a contribution by the OECD to the UN Commission on Sustainable Development and its cross-cutting work on gender.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264049901-en
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    Perspectivas del empleo de la OCED 2007 (2008)
    Madrid : Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs (MTAS), Spain
    Details
    ISBN: 9788484172703
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Employment Outlook 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives de l'emploi de l'OCDE 2007
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/9788484172703-es
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Turkey 2008 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264049161
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Turquie 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Turkey 2008; (Turkish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Turquie 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Turkey 2008: (Turkish version)
    Keywords: Environment ; Turkey
    Abstract: This edition of OECD's periodic review of Turkey's environmental policy finds that Turkey has achieved consolidation of environmental progress and its environmental legislation is increasingly incorporating the EU environmental aquis. But pollution, energy, and resource intensities still need to be reduced and environmentally related health problems need to be addressed. This review systematically looks at air, water, nature and biodiversity, the environmental-economic interface, the environmental-social interface, and international co-operation, making 45 specific recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264049161-en
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    Eco-Efficiency (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264040304
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This report evaluates strategies to improve the efficiency with which environmental resources are used to meet human needs. Many firms in OECD countries have developed strategies that involve:- developing goals to reduce resource use and pollutant release while improving customer service;- working towards the goals through innovation in technology, practices, and ways of thinking; and- designing indicators to monitor progress.Similar approaches have been used outside business, for example by governments, communities and groups of households. Such strategies have achieved improvements in material and energy efficiency in the region of 10% to 40%. The full potential for improving eco-efficiency is much greater, but it is only likely to be achieved through coherent government policies for sustainable development. The report identifies policies that can encourage innovation by firms and communities, and provide an economy-wide framework of economic and regulatory incentives for the adoption of more sustainable patterns of production and consumption.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264040304-en
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    Reconciling Development and Environmental Goals : Measuring the Impact of Policies (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264050099
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (122 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Reconciling development and environmental goals
    RVK:
    QT 000
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Economic development Environmental aspects ; Economic development Government policy ; Environmental policy Economic aspects ; Environment ; Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Umweltpolitik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Policy coherence is increasingly in the interest of OECD countries and developing countries alike, given their growing economic, social and environmental interdependence. This report presents scenarios showing numerical results of changes to individual policies as well as policy packages implemented simultaneously by OECD and developing countries. The results can be used to anticipate the outcomes of decisions and implement the appropriate set of policies. The scenarios also show how policy combinations could substantially improve both economic and environmental outcomes together, confirming the need for policy coherence.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264050099-en
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    Test No. 314: Simulation Tests to Assess the Biodegradability of Chemicals Discharged in Wastewater (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264067493
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (51 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 314 ; Essais de simulation pour évaluer la biodégradabilité de produits chimiques rejetés dans les eaux usées
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 314 : Essais de simulation pour évaluer la biodégradabilité de produits chimiques rejetés dans les eaux usées
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a method to assess the extent and kinetics of primary and ultimate biodegradation of organic chemicals whose route of entry into the environment begins with their discharge to wastewater. It consists of five simulation tests in a) sewer systems, b) activated sludge, c) anaerobic digester sludge, d) treated effluent in the mixing zone of surface water, and e) untreated wastewater that is directly discharged to surface water. These tests are appropriate for chemicals released continuously or episodically to wastewater. The five test methods described are open batch systems or closed gas flow-through batch systems. The principle objectives are to i) measure the rate of primary biodegradation, ii) measure the rate of mineralization and iii ) follow the formation and decay of major transformation products when appropriate. Typically, a test chemical, radiolabelled (14C) in an appropriate position, is incubated with a representative environmental sample. Abiotic and biotic treatments are prepared for each test chemical and condition. The level of parent and degradation products is determined using chromatographic separation and radio-analytical detection methods.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264067493-en
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    Test No. 316: Phototransformation of Chemicals in Water Direct Photolysis (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264067585
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 316 ; Phototransformation de produits chimiques dans l'eau - Photolyse directe
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 316 : Phototransformation de produits chimiques dans l'eau Photolyse directe
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test guideline describes studies on phototransformation in water to determine the potential effects of solar irradiation on chemicals in surface water, considering direct photolysis only. It is designed as a tiered approach. The Tier 1 is based on a theoretical screen. The rate of decline of a test chemical in a direct photolysis study is generally assumed to follow pseudo first-order kinetics. If the maximum possible losses is estimated to be superior or equal to 50% of the initial concentration over a 30-day period, an experimental study is proceeded in Tier 2. The direct photolysis rate constants for test chemicals in the laboratory is determined using preferably a filtered xenon arc lamp capable of simulating natural sunlight in the 290 to 800 nm, or sunlight irradiation, and extrapolated to natural water. If estimated losses are superior or equal to 20%, the transformation pathway and the identities, concentrations, and rate of formation and decline of major transformation products are identified. An optional task is the additional determination of the quantum yield for various types of water bodies, seasons, and latitudes of interest. The test chemical should be directly dissolved in the aqueous media saturated in air at a concentration which should not exceed half its solubility. For linear and non-linear regressions on the test chemical data in definitive or upper tier tests, the minimum number of samples collected should be 5 and 7 respectively. The exact number of samples and the timing of their collection is determined by a preliminary range-finding. Replicates (at least 2) of each experimental determination of kinetic parameters are recommended to determine variability and reduce uncertainty in their determination.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264067585-en
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    OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policies: Serbia 2008 : A Labour Market in Transition (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264045811
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policies
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Serbia
    Abstract: To catch up with more advanced economies, Serbia urgently needs to improve the functioning of its labour market. This report reviews labour market trends and the principle challenges to labour market policy, making a series of recommendations. Despite many reforms, new business growth until now has been far too slow to compensate for job losses elsewhere. Recent reforms of labour law should be followed up by further efforts to improve the climate for business and productive work. Labour regulations must be flexible, but they should also be enforced more consistently. For all this to happen, it is essential that an effective social dialogue can take place and that it encompasses expanding and declining segments of the labour market.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264045811-en
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    Test No. 228: Determination of Developmental Toxicity of a Test Chemical to Dipteran Dung Flies(Scathophaga stercoraria L. (Scathophagidae), Musca autumnalis De Geer (Muscidae)) (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264067479
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 228 ; Détermination de la toxicité d'une substance d'essai pour le développement des mouches du fumier(Scathophaga stercoraria L. [Scathophagidae] et Musca autumnalis De Geer [Muscidae])
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 228 : Détermination de la toxicité d'une substance d'essai pour le développement des mouches du fumier(Scathophaga stercoraria L. [Scathophagidae] et Musca autumnalis De Geer [Muscidae])
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a method to estimate the developmental toxicity of a test chemical to the dung dwelling life stages of dung-dependent dipteran species. Two test species can be used. The test chemical is mixed with bovine faeces, to which either 10 eggs of Scathophaga stercoraria or 10 larvae of Musca autumnalis are added. The test will be terminated 5 days after emergence of the last adult in the control (〉 18 days for S. stercoraria, 〉13 days for M. autumnalis). Then the possible impacts of the test chemical on the following measurement endpoints are assessed under controlled conditions: sex and total number of emerged adult flies, retardation of emergence indicated by the developmental rate and morphological change. Depending on the experimental design, the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) or the Effect concentration for x percent effect (ECx) can be determined. This Guideline can be used for water soluble or insoluble substances, but is not applicable to volatile substances. If the toxicity of the chemical is unknown, five nominal test concentrations should be conducted. A positive control should be tested periodically. The test is considered valid if in the controls hatching of larvae is superior or equal to 70% of the number of introduced eggs, emergence of adults is superior or equal to 70% and superior or equal to 50% of the respectively hatched and introduced larvae and if the emergence of adult flies starts after 18 +- 2 days (S. stercoraria) or after 13 +- 2 days(M. autumnalis).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264067479-en
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    Test No. 226: Predatory mite (Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) aculeifer) reproduction test in soil (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264067455
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (24 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 226 ; Essai de reproduction d'un acarien prédateur (Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) aculeifer) dans le sol
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 226 : Essai de reproduction d'un acarien prédateur (Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) aculeifer) dans le sol
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a method to assess the effects of chemical substances in soil on the reproductive output of the soil mite species Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) aculeifer Canestrini (Acari: Laelapidae). It can be used for water soluble or insoluble substances, but not with volatile substances. Adult females of similar age are exposed to a range of concentrations of the test substance mixed into 20 g dry mass of artificial soil 28-35 days after the start of the egg laying period. Depending on the endpoint (ECx, NOEC or both), five to twelve concentrations should be tested. At least two to four replicates for each test concentrations and six to eight control replicates, of 10 animals each, are recommended. At 20¡ãC, the test lasts 14 days after introducing the females, which usually allows the control offspring to reach the deutonymph stage. The number of surviving females (mortality ¡Ü 20% for a valid test) and the number of juveniles per test vessel (at least 50 for a valid test) are determined. The fecundity of the mites exposed to the test substance is compared to that of controls in order to determine the ECx (e.g. EC10, EC50) or the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC). Any observed differences between the behaviour and the morphology of the mites in the control and the treated vessels should be recorded.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264067455-en
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Australia 2007 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264039612
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Australie 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Australie 2007
    Keywords: Environment ; Australia
    Abstract: OECD's periodic review of Australia's environmental policies and programmes. This edition reviews progress since the last review in 1998 and in relation to the 2001 OECD Environmental Strategy. It systematically examines environmental management (water, air, nature), sustainable development (environment-economy interface, environment-agriculture interface, environment-social interface) and international commitments. In each area, it makes a series of recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264039612-en
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    Perspectivas del empleo de la OCED 2005 (2007)
    Madrid : Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs (MTAS), Spain
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264118447
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (443 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Employment Outlook 2005
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives de l'emploi de l'OCDE 2005
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/9788484171911-es
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    Instrument Mixes Addressing Mercury Emissions to Air (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 8, p. 1-57
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 8, p. 1-57
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: This study deals with "instruments used to address mercury emissions to air", by which is meant all legislation, regulation and other measures intended to control or reduce anthropogenic, atmospheric mercury emissions. As the links are complex between actual inputs of mercury to society (consumption for intended use and mobilisation of mercury-impurities via industrial processes) and the final release sources, all types of measures addressing any phase in the life-cycle of mercury which may ultimately lead to atmospheric mercury emissions are included here. Due to its volatility, most forms of mercury released or discarded as waste - as vapour, as liquid elemental mercury, as compounds, as integrated in products, consumer waste or flue-gas cleaning residues - may lead to emissions to air.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art25-en
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  • 66
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    Schulerfolg von Jugendlichen mit Migrationshintergrundim internationalen Vergleich (2007)
    Bonn : Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Germany
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264066151
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (262 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Where Immigrant Students Succeed; A Comparative Review of Performance and Engagement in PISA 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Where Immigrant Students Succeed: A Comparative Review of Performance and Engagement in PISA 2003
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264066151-de
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    Progress in Modernising Environmental Regulation and Compliance Assurance in Eastern Europe, Caucasus, and Central Asia (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-71
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 71 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-71
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: In 2003, by endorsing the Guiding Principles for Reform of Environmental Enforcement Authorities in Transition Economies, the countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus, and Central Asia (EECCA) agreed on a reference model to guide the modernisation of their systems for environmental regulation and compliance assurance. This report reviews their progress in implementing the Guiding Principles. The main conclusion is that countries took action to comply with the Guiding Principles, mostly to elevate the status of environmental enforcement authorities, clarify responsibilities, and provide training and a better infrastructure. While such improvements are an important basis for further reform, continued lack of progress in modernising strategies and instruments of work will inhibit institutional and environmental performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art10-en
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    Test No. 503: Metabolism in Livestock (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264061873
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 5
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 503 ; Métabolisme dans les animaux d'élevage
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 503 : Métabolisme dans les animaux d'élevage
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Metabolism in Livestock studies are used to determine the qualitative and quantitative metabolism and/or degradation of the active ingredient resulting from pesticide use in feedstuffs, direct application to livestock, or premise treatment. The studies provide an estimate of total residues in the edible livestock commodities, as well as the excreta; identify the major components of the terminal residue in the edible tissues; elucidate a metabolic pathway for the pesticide in ruminants and poultry; provide evidence whether or not a residue should be classified as fat soluble. The studies should be conducted using radiolabelled test compound. A stable position of labelling is chosen and the preferred radioisotope is 14C, although 32P, 35S can be used. A ruminant (lactating goats) study can be carried out on a single animal per experiments. For poultry (laying hens), the use of ten birds per experiments (or dose) is recommended. The minimum dosage used in livestock oral metabolism studies should approximate the level of exposure expected from the feeding of treated crops with the highest observed residues. Treatment should be administered orally (via a balling gun, capsule or gavage) or by dermal application. The study includes: the excreta, milk and eggs collect (twice daily), and tissues collect (muscle, liver…).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264061873-en
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    The Battle against Exclusion : Social Assistance in Belgium, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and Norway (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264012035
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combattre l'exclusion ; L'aide sociale en Belgique, en Norvège, aux Pays-Bas et en République tchèque
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combattre l'exclusion : L'aide sociale en Belgique, en Norvège, aux Pays-Bas et en République tchèque
    RVK:
    QX 040
    RVK:
    QX 900
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Belgium ; Czech Republic ; Netherlands ; Norway ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Isolation
    Abstract: Institutions whose goal is to help those at the margins have been a feature of social life for centuries. Today, social assistance institutions have integration and encouragement as their goal. They seek to avoid exclusion and stigmatisation.Poverty can tear at the fabric of society. However, preventing hardship among those with no resources while reducing exclusion and marginalisation is no easy task. How can social assistance best balance these goals, minimising disincentives to paid employment? What can be done to promote independence and individual responsibility?This book compares the social assistance policies of Belgium, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and Norway. Although at first sight these countries appear very different, in fact the same policy dilemmas exist in the four countries. That local action is necessary to identify and help the excluded is accepted, but the balance between ensuring that sufficient resources are available at the local level while limiting budgets so as to ensure efficient use of resources is a continuing preoccupation. Governments stress their commitment to combat poverty, but benefits cannot be raised too high because this would harm work incentives. Different institutions sometimes disagree about whether benefit recipients are "job ready" or whether more social help is needed. No country has yet found a policy package which prevents exclusion, but innovative policies in each of these four countries are proving successful in limiting its extent.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264012035-en
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    Test No. 440: Uterotrophic Bioassay in Rodents : A short-term screening test for oestrogenic properties (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264067417
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 440 ; Bio-essai utérotrophique chez les rongeurs ; Essai de dépistage à court terme des propriétés oestrogéniques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 440; Uterotrophic Bioassay in Rodents; A short-term screening test for oestrogenic properties (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 440 : Bio-essai utérotrophique chez les rongeurs : Essai de dépistage à court terme des propriétés oestrogéniques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 440: Uterotrophic Bioassay in Rodents: A short-term screening test for oestrogenic properties (Korean version)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Uterotrophic Bioassay is an in vivo short-term screening test. It is based on the increase in uterine weight or uterotrophic response. The Uterotrophic Bioassay relies for its sensitivity on an animal test system in which the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis is not functional. Two oestrogen sensitive states in the female rodent meet this requirement: i) immature females after weaning and prior to puberty and ii) young adult females after ovariectomy with adequate time for uterine tissues to regress. The test substance is administered daily by oral gavage or subcutaneous injection. Each treated and control group should include at least 6 animals. Graduated test substance doses are administered to a minimum of two treatment groups of experimental animals using one dose level per group and an administration period of three consecutive days for immature method and a minimum administration period of three consecutive days for ovx-adult method. The animals are necropsied approximately 24 hours after the last dose. For oestrogen agonists, the mean uterine weight of the treated animal groups relative to the vehicle group is assessed for a statistically significant increase. A statistically significant increase in the mean uterine weight of a test group indicates a positive response in this bioassay. The report should include: the daily body weights, the daily record of status of animal, the wet and blotted uterine weight, the daily food consumption.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264067417-en
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    Test No. 504: Residues in Rotational Crops (Limited Field Studies) (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264013384
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 5
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 504 ; Résidus dans les cultures en rotation (Etudes en conditions limitées sur le terrain)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 504 : Résidus dans les cultures en rotation (Etudes en conditions limitées sur le terrain)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a method to determine the amount of pesticide residues which may be accumulated into rotational crops via soil uptake following realistic agricultural practices. These data may be used to establish crop rotation restrictions, for dietary risk assessment and to determine whether maximum residue limits will be needed in rotational crops. Three representative crops should be tested to determine the uptake of residues: these are root and tuber vegetables; leafy vegetables; and small grains. The test uses three rotational intervals. The rotated crops should be planted after the minimum rotational interval that could be expected as part of agricultural practice: 7-30 days, and 270-365 days for crops rotated the following year. The limited field trials should be conducted at two diverse geographical regions. The pesticide should be applied to primary crop or bare soil by the method specified on the pesticide label or proposed label at the maximum label rate and the maximum number of applications. Residues should be analyzed within 30 days of harvesting (and should be stored frozen prior to analysis).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264013384-en
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    Test No 506: Stability of Pesticide Residues in Stored Commodities (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264061927
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 5
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test n 506; Stabilité des résidus de pesticides dans les produits entreposés
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test n 506: Stabilité des résidus de pesticides dans les produits entreposés
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The aim of these studies is to demonstrate the time period for which stability has been shown in representative commodities from crops. Freezer storage stability studies should include sufficient starting material and should have a sufficiently high concentration of residue to allow for any observed decline during storage to be quantified. Samples could either be from crops (or animals) that have been treated with pesticides in the field, or from the spiking of control commodities with known amounts of each component of the residue definitions. Freshly spiked control samples of the stored commodities should be analysed at each of the time points when aged/stored commodities are removed from frozen storage for analysis. The control samples used for procedural recovery determinations will be the same commodity. At least two sampling intervals (time zero and other) should be used; the sampling interval depends on the stability of the residues. Duplicate samples of every commodity at each time point for all components of the residue definitions need to be analysed. The report should include the residue results and the statistical treatments.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264061927-en
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  • 73
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    Test No. 225: Sediment-Water Lumbriculus Toxicity Test Using Spiked Sediment (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264067356
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 225; Essai de toxicité sur Lumbriculus dans un système eau-sédiment chargé
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 225: Essai de toxicité sur Lumbriculus dans un système eau-sédiment chargé
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to assess the effects of prolonged exposure to sediment-associated chemicals on the reproduction and the biomass of the endobenthic oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus (Müller). The method is described for static test conditions. Worms of similar physiological state are exposed to a series of toxicant concentrations applied to the sediment phase of a sediment-water system (artificial sediment amended with a food source and reconstituted water). Test vessels without the test substance serve as controls. The test animals are exposed to the sediment-water systems for a period of 28 days. The endpoints of this type of study are the ECx for reproduction and biomass. In addition the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC), and the Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) may be calculated. The purpose of the study, ECx or NOEC derivation, will determine the test design. At least five concentrations and a minimum of three replicates for ECx, or four replicates for NOEC/LOEC, for each concentration should be tested. The test is conducted with at least 10 worms for each replicate. The report should include the total number and the dry weight of the worms, the observations of abnormal behaviour, of mortalities, the water characteristics within the test vessels and the total organic content.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264067356-en
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  • 74
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    Perspectivas de las migraciones internacionales 2006 (2007)
    Madrid : Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs (MTAS), Spain
    Details
    ISBN: 9788484172390
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (568 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Migration Outlook 2006
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives des migrations internationales 2006
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Internationaler Migrationsausblick 2006
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/9788484172390-es
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  • 75
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    Aquatic Biotechnology and Food Safety (Japanese version) (2007)
    Tokyo : Japan Bioindustry Association
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264032675
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (69 p)
    Keywords: Environment
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264032675-ja
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  • 76
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    Test No. 313: Estimation of Emissions from Preservative - Treated Wood to the Environment : Laboratory Method for Wooden Commodities that are not Covered and are in Contact with Fresh Water or Seawater (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264067370
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test n 313; Estimation des émissions issues de bois traité par un produit de préservation dans l'environnement ; Méthode de laboratoire applicable aux articles en bois sans revêtement qui sont en contact avec de l'eau douce ou de l'eau de mer
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test n 313: Estimation des émissions issues de bois traité par un produit de préservation dans l'environnement : Méthode de laboratoire applicable aux articles en bois sans revêtement qui sont en contact avec de l'eau douce ou de l'eau de mer
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is intended for testing the emissions from wood and wooden commodities that are not covered and are in contact with fresh water or seawater. Preservative treated wood test specimens are immersed in water. The recommended wood species are Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine), Pinus resinosa Ait. (red pine), or Pinus spp (Southern pine). Wood test specimens are recommended to be sets of five according to EN 113 size blocks. Control with untreated wood specimens allows for the determination of background levels for emissates from wood other than the preservative used. The number of sets of wood test specimens used for analysing is at least five: three sets of specimens are treated with preservative, one set of specimens is untreated and one set of specimens for the estimation of the oven dry moisture content of the test specimens before treatment. The water (emissate) is collected and chemically analyzed multiple times over the exposure period sufficient to perform statistical calculations (6 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 4 days, 8 days, 15 days, 22 days, 29 days). Tests with untreated samples can be discontinued if there is no background detected in the first three data points.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264067370-en
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  • 77
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    OECD Umweltprüfberichte: Schweiz 2007 (2007)
    Berne : Office fédéral de l'environnement OFEV, Switzerland
    Details
    ISBN: 9783905822007
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (266 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Umweltprüfberichte
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Switzerland 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Suisse 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rapporto sulle performance ambientali; Svizzera 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Switzerland 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Suisse 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rapporto sulle performance ambientali: Svizzera 2007
    Keywords: Environment ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Der Hauptzweck der OECD Umweltprüfberichte ist es, die Mitgliedstaaten dabei zu unterstützen, im Umweltmanagement gemeinsam und individuell bessere Ergebnisse zu realisieren. Dies soll erreicht werden durch: die Unterstützung der einzelnen Länder bei der Bewertung der erzielten Fortschritte; die Förderung des Dialogs zwischen den Mitgliedstaaten über ihre Politiken durch ein Peer-Review-Verfahren und die Aufforderung an die Regierungen der Mitgliedstaaten, ihre Bemühungen um eine verbesserte Berichterstattung über ihre Tätigkeiten gegenüber der Öffentlichkeit, in den Entwicklungsländern und anderswo zu verstärken. Inwiefern wurden die nationalen Zielsetzungen erreicht? In welchem Umfang wurden die internationalen Verpflichtungen eingehalten? Diesen Fragen wird im Rahmen der Umweltperformance-Prüfung nachgegangen. Ziele und Verpflichtungen können allgemeiner oder spezifischer Natur oder gar quantifiziert sein. Darüber hinaus wird die Umweltperformance vor dem Hintergrund des Zustands der Umwelt im betreffenden Land, seiner natürlichen Ressourcen, seines wirtschaftlichen Umfeldes und seiner demografischen Entwicklung betrachtet.
    DOI: 10.1787/9783905822007-de
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  • 78
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    Introduction to Other Test Guidelines (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264061811
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (2 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 5
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Introduction aux autres lignes directrices
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals are a collection of about 100 of the most relevant internationally agreed testing methods used by government, industry and independent laboratories to identify and characterise potential hazards of new and existing chemical substances, chemical preparations and chemical mixtures. They are a basic set of tools used primarily in regulatory safety testing and subsequent chemical and chemical product notification and chemical registration. In addition, they can also be used for the selection and ranking of candidate chemicals during the development of new chemicals and products and in toxicology research. They cover tests for physical-chemical properties of chemicals, human health effects, environmental effects, as well as degradation and accumulation in the environment. Adopted in 1981, the Guidelines have become the recognised reference tool for professionals working on the testing of chemicals and the assessment of their potential hazards.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264061811-en
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  • 79
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    Promoting Pro-Poor Growth : Policy Guidance for Donors (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264024786
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (319 p.)
    Series Statement: DAC Guidelines and Reference Series
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers une croissance pro-pauvres ; Orientations à l'intention des donneurs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers une croissance pro-pauvres : Orientations à l'intention des donneurs
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Promoting pro-poor growth
    RVK:
    QG 020
    Keywords: Armut ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Privatwirtschaft ; Landwirtschaft ; Infrastruktur ; Entwicklungsländer ; Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: For aid donors, the pro-poor growth agenda is not business as usual and more of the same will not be sufficient. Focusing on pro-poor growth and income poverty, Promoting Pro-Poor Growth: Policy Guidance for Donors identifies binding constraints and offers policies and strategies to address them. Policy recommendations aim to help change donor behaviour and pave the way for more effective development co-operation in these areas. This compendium pays special attention to the role of private sector development, agriculture and infrastructure in pro-poor growth – areas that were neglected by many donors during the 1990s but are currently receiving renewed attention in the international development agenda. It also presents a methodology for conducting ex-ante poverty impact assessment, a valuable tool for those whose aim is to maximise the poverty reducing impacts of development interventions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264024786-en
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  • 80
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    Perspectivas del empleo de la OCED 2006 (2007)
    Madrid : Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs (MTAS), Spain
    Details
    ISBN: 9788484172260
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (436 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Employment Outlook 2006; Boosting Jobs and Incomes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives de l'emploi de l'OCDE 2006 ; Stimuler l'emploi et les revenus
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Beschäftigungsausblick 2006; Mehr Arbeitsplätze, höhere Einkommen
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Employment Outlook 2006: Boosting Jobs and Incomes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives de l'emploi de l'OCDE 2006 : Stimuler l'emploi et les revenus
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Beschäftigungsausblick 2006: Mehr Arbeitsplätze, höhere Einkommen
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/9788484172260-es
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  • 81
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    OECD Guidelines on Funding and Benefit Security in Occupational Pension Plans (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034600
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lignes directrices de l'OCDE sur la capitalisation et la sécurité des prestations dans les plans de pension professionnels
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034600-en
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  • 82
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    Test No. 426: Developmental Neurotoxicity Study (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264067394
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 426 ; Étude de neurotoxicité pour le développement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 426 : Étude de neurotoxicité pour le développement
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: A developmental neurotoxicity study will provide information on the effects of repeated exposure to a substance during in utero and early postnatal development. The test substance is administered daily, generally orally, to mated females (rats are preferred) from the time of implantation (GD 6) throughout lactation (PND 21). At least three dose levels and a concurrent control should be used and a total of 20 litters are recommended at each dose level. Dams are tested to assess effects in pregnant and lactating females and may also provide comparative information. Offspring are randomly selected from within litters for neurotoxicity evaluation. All dams and all offspring should be carefully observed at least once daily with respect to their health condition, including morbidity and mortality. The evaluation consists of observations to detect gross neurologic and behavioural abnormalities, and the evaluation of brain weights and neuropathology during postnatal development and adulthood. The report should include the body weight, the food/water consumption; the detailed clinical observations, the necropsy findings, a detailed description of all behavioural, the number of animals at the start and at the end of the study and the toxic response data by sex and dose level.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264067394-en
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  • 83
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    OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response : (Chinese version) (2007)
    Taipei City : Association of Taiwan Agenda 21
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264037670
    Language: Chinese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (213 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes directeurs de l'OCDE pour la prévention, la préparation et l'intervention en matière d'accidents chimiques
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264037670-zh
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  • 84
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    Test No. 507: Nature of the Pesticide Residues in Processed Commodities - High Temperature Hydrolysis (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264067431
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 5
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test n 507; Nature des résidus de pesticides dans les produits transformés Hydrolyse à haute température
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test n 507: Nature des résidus de pesticides dans les produits transformés Hydrolyse à haute température
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a method conducted as model studies to predict the degradation pathway of the active ingredient under hydrolytic conditions, to identify the degradation products, and to determine the relative amount of degradation products. Three representative hydrolysis conditions should be investigated. Radiolabelled active test substance are used to elucidate the possible degradation pathway and for quantitation of the extent of degradation. The use of tritium (3H) as a label is not permitted due to the possibility of hydrogen exchange with the water. The proposed value for the concentration of a water soluble active ingredient in the studies required here is 1.0 mg/L. Samples may be analysed directly by chromatography or may be extracted with a series of solvents or solvent mixtures with various polarities and other characteristics depending on the nature of the expected residues. The characterisation and identification of extractable residues is made. Ideally samples should be stored at/or below -18°C. The report should include the routes of degradation observed, the degradation pathway, the composition of total radioactive residues, the limit of quantification for radioactivity determination and chromatographic separation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264067431-en
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  • 85
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    Economic Aspects of Extended Producer Responsibility : (Chinese version) (2007)
    Taipei City : Association of Taiwan Agenda 21
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264037694
    Language: Chinese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Economic Aspects of Extended Producer Responsibility
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264037694-zh
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  • 86
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    OECD Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators : A Companion to the OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response (Chinese version) (2007)
    Taipei City : Association of Taiwan Agenda 21
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264037663
    Language: Chinese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (175 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators; A Companion to the OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Document d'orientation de l'OCDE sur les indicateurs de performance en matière de sécurité ; Document d'accompagnement des Principes directeurs de l'OCDE pour la prévention, la préparation et l'intervention en matière d'accidents chimiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators: A Companion to the OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Document d'orientation de l'OCDE sur les indicateurs de performance en matière de sécurité : Document d'accompagnement des Principes directeurs de l'OCDE pour la prévention, la préparation et l'intervention en matière d'accidents chimiques
    Keywords: Environment ; Industry and Services
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264037663-zh
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  • 87
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Belgium 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264031128
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (270 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Belgique 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Belgique 2007
    Keywords: Environment ; Belgium
    Abstract: This comprehensive review of Belgium's environmental policies and programmes examines the full range of issues including air and water management, nature and biodiversity management, climate change, sustainable development, environmental taxation, environmental policy, and international co-operation. It includes a statistical annex containing key environmental data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264031128-en
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  • 88
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    Long-term Care for Older People : (Korean version) (2007)
    Seoul : Joint OECD/Korea Regional Centre on Health and Social Policy
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264065369
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Long-term Care for Older People
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les soins de longue durée pour les personnes âgées
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264065369-ko
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  • 89
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    Rapporto sulle performance ambientali: Svizzera 2007 (2007)
    Berne : Office fédéral de l'environnement OFEV, Switzerland
    Details
    ISBN: 9783905822014
    Language: Italian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (266 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Rapporto sulle performance ambientali
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Switzerland 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Suisse 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Umweltprüfberichte; Schweiz 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Switzerland 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Suisse 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Umweltprüfberichte: Schweiz 2007
    Keywords: Environment ; Switzerland
    DOI: 10.1787/9783905822014-it
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  • 90
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    Facing the Future : Korea's Family, Pension and Health Policy Challenges (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264065406
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (89 p)
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Korea faces an extraordinary ageing challenge. Korea will age much faster than other OECD countries: in 2000, about 7% of Korea’s population were over 65; in 2050, senior citizens will constitute about 37% of Korea’s population. Population ageing will unfold at high speed, firstly because of the dramatic increase in life expectancy from just over 52 years in 1960 to over 77 years in 2004. a major cause of this was the spectacular decrease in infant mortality rates from 45 infants per 1000 live births in 1970 to 5.3 in 2002. The second cause of population ageing is the sharp decline in birth rates from close to 3 children per woman in 1975 to less than 1.2 in 2004. Reduced child mortality rates and increased life expectancy are indicators of the success of the Korean economy and society. However, the decline in fertility rates in Korea is evidence of strains in society which will damage prosperity in the future. Population ageing on this scale will inevitably lead to a huge increase in spending on old-age income support and health care, and will also require the development of a public family policy which supports the reconciliation of work and care commitments of workers. To successfully meet the ageing challenge, the OECD believes that three policy objectives must be targeted. First, the decline in the working-age population needs to be slowed. Second, working opportunities need to be extended. Third, affordable and sustainable pension and health care policies must be implemented. This volume looks at existing Korean family, health and pension policies from an international perspective, considers them in view of the emerging policy challenges, and outlines some of the policy options that are available to policy makers in Korea.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264065406-en
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  • 91
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    Environmentally Harmful Subsidies : Policy Issues and Challenges (Chinese version) (2007)
    Taipei City : Association of Taiwan Agenda 21
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264037687
    Language: Chinese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmentally Harmful Subsidies; Policy Issues and Challenges
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les subventions dommageables à l'environnement ; Problèmes et défis
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmentally Harmful Subsidies: Policy Issues and Challenges
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les subventions dommageables à l'environnement : Problèmes et défis
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264037687-zh
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  • 92
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    Internationaler Migrationsausblick 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264038318
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (400 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Migration Outlook 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives des migrations internationales 2007
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: In dieser jährlich erscheinenden Publikation werden die jüngsten Trendentwicklungen im Bereich der Migrationsbewegungen und -politik in diesen Ländern analysiert. Der Bericht unterstreicht die wachsende Bedeutung der Zuzüge von hochqualifizierten Arbeitskräften, temporären Arbeitsmigranten und Studierenden. Ferner wird die verstärkte Zuwanderung aus Indien, China, Osteuropa und Afrika hervorgehoben und der Trend zu einer zunehmenden Feminisierung der Migrationsströme bestätigt. Ein weiteres Schwerpunktthema dieser Ausgabe sind die Beschäftigungssituation und die Erwerbsquoten der Zuwanderer, insbesondere im Dienstleistungssektor. Es werden Regelungen zur Verbesserung des Migrationsmanagements untersucht. Die internationale Zusammenarbeit zur Verbesserung der Grenzkontrollen und Bekämpfung der illegalen Zuwanderung wird eingehend analysiert. Außerdem werden die Auswirkungen der EU-Erweiterung auf den Zustrom von Arbeitsmigranten in OECD-Ländern evaluiert. Zwei Sonderkapitel sind den Themen Bildung und Zuwanderung im Gesundheitssektor gewidmet. Zusätzlich gibt es Länderbeiträge mit standardisierten Tabellen und einen statistischen Anhang mit den neuesten Daten über Ausländer und im Ausland geborene Personen sowie über Migrationsströme und Einbürgerungen.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264038318-de
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  • 93
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    Policies for a Better Environment : Progress in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264027350
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Policies for a better environment
    DDC: 333.7
    RVK:
    AR 28100
    RVK:
    QG 480
    Keywords: Osteuropa ; Kaukasus ; Zentralasien ; Environment ; Osteuropa ; Kaukasus ; Zentralasien ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: In 2003, the Ministers of Environment of the 12 countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA), together with their partners in the “Environment for Europe” process, adopted the EECCA Environment Strategy. This book provides a review of progress in achieving the Strategy's objectives, and provides a solid analytical base for discussions on future environmental co-operation between EECCA countries and their partners. Part I of the book looks at progress across the area on such strategic objectives as pollution prevention and control and environmental policy integration. Part II provides country profiles.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264027350-en
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  • 94
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    Instrument Mixes Addressing Non-Point Sources of Water Pollution (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 8, p. 1-100
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 100 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 8, p. 1-100
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: The present report presents the case studies made of instrument mixes addressing non-point sources of water pollution in agriculture in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Denmark and in the Chesapeake Bay area of the United States. While all these case studies discuss instruments addressing nutrient run-off, the UK and the Danish case studies also discuss instruments addressing the use of pesticides in the agriculture sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art24-en
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  • 95
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    Directrices y obras de referencia del CAD : La Evaluación Ambiental Estratégica : Una guía de buenas prácticas en la cooperación para el desarrollo (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264037861
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (162 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Applying Strategic Environmental Assessment; Good Practice Guidance for Development Co-operation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'évaluation environnementale stratégique ; Guide de bonnes pratiques dans le domaine de la coopération pour le développement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Applying Strategic Environmental Assessment: Good Practice Guidance for Development Co-operation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'évaluation environnementale stratégique : Guide de bonnes pratiques dans le domaine de la coopération pour le développement
    Keywords: Environment ; Development
    Abstract: La Meta de Desarrollo del Milenio 7 convoca a asegurar la sostenibilidad ambiental mediante la integración de los principios del desarrollo sostenible en las políticas y los programas de los países. La Evaluación Ambiental Estratégica (EAE) es una de las principales herramientas disponibles para lograr esta integración. La Declaración de París sobre la Efectividad de la Ayuda al Desarrollo, acordada y suscrita por más de 100 donantes y países en desarrollo en marzo de 2005, compromete conjuntamente a los donantes y los países socios a "desarrollar y aplicar enfoques comunes para la evaluación estratégica ambiental a nivel de sector y nación". Esta Guía explica los beneficios de usar la Evaluación Ambiental Estratégica en la cooperación para el desarrollo, y presenta los pasos clave para su aplicación, basándose en experiencias recientes. El documento identifica 12 diferentes puntos de ingreso para la aplicación práctica de la EAE en la cooperación para el desarrollo. Para cada punto de ingreso, ofrece una nota guía, una lista de control de preguntas y estudios de caso prácticos. La Guía también aborda la evaluación y el desarrollo de capacidades para los procesos de la EAE. Aunque la publicación de esta Guía va dirigida ante todo a los profesionales que trabajan en las agencias de desarrollo y los gobiernos de los países en desarrollo, también resultará valiosa para otros analistas de políticas y planificadores. La Guía contiene un prólogo realizado por Rt, Hon. Hillary Benn, Secretario de Estado para el Desarrollo Internacional del Reino Unido; Kemal Dervis, Administrador, PNUD, y Richard Manning, Presidente del Comité de Asistencia para el Desarrollo (CAD). El Equipo de Trabajo sobre la Evaluación Ambiental Estratégica, responsable de la preparación de esta Guía, recibió el Institutional Award de la Asociación Internacional para la Evaluación de Impactos (IAIA, por sus siglas en inglés).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264037861-es
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  • 96
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    Mechanisms for Managing Public Environmental Expenditure in Selected OECD Countries (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264018440
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This report analyses selected public expenditure programmes supporting environmental investments in water supply and wastewater treatment infrastructure in four OECD countries: Austria, Belgium (the Region of Flanders), France and Germany. These programmes have been selected as they involve different approaches to managing public expenditure for water investments. The study focuses on mechanisms for managing government assistance at both national (Austria) and sub-national (Belgium, France, Germany) levels. In selecting the case studies, special attention has been given to the relevance of the expenditure programmes in their national environment and economic policy regimes as well as the potential for replication of good practices in transition economies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264018440-en
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  • 97
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    Babies and Bosses: Políticas de Conciliação da Actividade Profissional e da Vida Familiar (Volume 3) : Nova Zelândia, Portugal e Suíça (2007)
    Lisboa : Ministry of Social Security and Labour, Portugal
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264047822
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life (Volume 3); New Zealand, Portugal and Switzerland
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille (Volume 3) ; Nouvelle-Zélande, Portugal et Suisse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life (Volume 3): New Zealand, Portugal and Switzerland
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille (Volume 3) : Nouvelle-Zélande, Portugal et Suisse
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; New Zealand ; Portugal ; Switzerland
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264047822-pt
    URL: Volltext
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  • 98
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    Guidance Manual on Environmentally Sound Management of Waste (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264042049
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manuel d'application pour la gestion écologique des déchets
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Following the adoption of Council Recommendation C(2004)100 in 2004 on Environmentally Sound Management of Waste, member countries wished to reinforce the implementation of this legal Act by issuing a practical Guidance Manual. This publication aims at facilitating the implementation of an environmentally sound waste management policy by governments on one hand, and by waste treatment facilities on the other hand. Every element of the Recommendation C(2004)100 is explained in detail, as well as the different core performance criteria which characterise environmentally sound management of waste, through various types of information (such as technical, financial, regulatory). Waste management practices applied in certain member countries are presented as examples...
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264042049-en
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  • 99
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    Environment and Regional Trade Agreements (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264006805
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (230 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'environnement et les accords commerciaux régionaux
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Environment and regional trade agreements
    DDC: 382/.91
    RVK:
    AR 28100
    RVK:
    QM 230
    Keywords: Regionale Wirtschaftsintegration ; Umweltabkommen ; Welt ; Commercial treaties ; International trade Environmental aspects ; Trade blocs ; Environment ; Trade ; Welthandel ; Liberalisierung ; Wirtschaftliche Integration ; Bilateraler Handel ; Handelsabkommen ; Umweltschutz ; Umweltpolitik ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) have increased significantly in number over the past few years. The number of RTAs which include environmental provisions is also increasing. However, these provisions, and the experience related to their negotiation and implementation, have not been examined in depth yet. This study contributes to filling this gap. It provides an overview of approaches to environmental issues in RTAs and summarises country experiences in their negotiation and practical application. Regional and bilateral trade arrangements are surveyed, including customs unions and free trade agreements. The study is based on the analysis of RTA texts, and on literature examining their actual implementation, as well as on first-hand comments and input from experts from both OECD and non-OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264006805-en
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  • 100
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    Financing Water Supply and Sanitation Sector in EECCA Countries, including Progress in Achieving Water-Related Millennium Development Goals (MDGS) (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-40
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-40
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: At their meeting in Almaty in October 2000, EECCA Ministers of Environment, Finance, and Economy, Ministers and senior representatives from several OECD countries, as well as senior officials from International Financial Institutions (IFI), International Organisations, non-governmental organisations, and the private sector, recognised the critical condition of the urban water supply and sanitation sector in EECCA and endorsed "Guiding Principles for the Reform of the Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Sector in the NIS". Participants requested the EAP Task Force to assess progress in implementing these Guiding Principles for review at a major conference of stakeholders that took place in 2005 in Yerevan, Armenia. This paper is an update of a report that was prepared for the Ministerial meeting in Yerevan, drawing on more recent data, and responds to the Ministers' request to prepare such a paper for the Environment for Europe Conference in 2007.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art8-en
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