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  • 1995-1999  (19)
  • 1997  (19)
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development  (19)
  • Governance  (17)
  • Ireland  (2)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trends in Public Sector Pay in OECD Countries 1997 (1997)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264062580
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (149 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Evolution des rémunérations du secteur public dans les pays de l'OCDE 1997
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The reform of pay determination systems has been completed in some OECD countries. This report presents information on the procedures which governments have developed to carry out reforms, and on the results obtained, particularly when the reforms have a positive impact on holding down public expenditure. Comparative analysis of public sector pay determination systems in OECD countries illustrates the wide variety of methods of determining public sector remuneration and shows that each country adapts the instruments available to its own institutional structure and economic and social constraints. Those countries which have not opted for radical change are taking a phased, pragmatic approach, lending weight to the view that reform of pay determination systems is extending to all OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/pubsector_pay-1997-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Civil Service Legislation : Checklist on Secondary Legislation (and Other Regulatory Instruments) (1997)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 17 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.14
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Statut de la fonction publique : Liste de critères de référence sur la législation subordonnée (et autres instruments règlementaires)
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This checklist is intended to supplement the Civil Service Legislation Contents Checklist, (Sigma Papers: No.5 OCDE/GD(96)21, February 1996). The previous checklist was principally concerned with matters that could usefully be considered when a civil service bill (i.e. the draft of primary legislation governing the civil service) was in preparation in a central and eastern European country. The present checklist deals with matters that can usefully be considered in connection with the secondary instruments that may be needed to implement the Civil Service Act enacted by the Parliament. It begins with a narrative section describing the types of instruments that are typically used for this purpose in OECD Member countries and factors that are widely taken into account when such instruments are being prepared and drafted. This is followed by a checklist of questions which law drafters in particular may find useful in the drafting process. These questions concern the general approach to secondary regulation rather than the substantive contents of instruments dealing with particular topics. Such contents are necessarily dictated by the contents and details of the primary legislation and are likely to vary considerably from one country to another. This checklist, as for the primary legislation checklist, is not intended as directions for approaching these matters but rather as guidance to best practice. Final choices must reflect local circumstances.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml6g4zxd9w-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Law Drafting and Regulatory Management in Central and Eastern Europe (1997)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 208 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.18
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La rédaction des lois et la gestion réglementaire dans les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This SIGMA publication is made up of a general report, six country reports and several appendices, such as relevant regulations and the OECD checklist for regulatory decision–making. The general report on law drafting and regulatory management is designed as a hands-on tool for policymakers and law drafting personnel. It points out crucial issues for improving law drafting through creating and enforcing an adequate institutional framework, improving policy development, setting and maintaining law drafting standards, making fuller use of consultation, and improving access to legislation. This report also explains how procedures and standards should be applied to parliamentary initiatives and secondary legislation, as well as discussing the training of law drafters. The country reports offer a full account of law drafting regulations and drafting practice in Albania, Bulgaria, Estonia, Lithuania, Slovakia and Slovenia. While reforming regulatory programmes in any democracy is a major endeavour replete with potential pitfalls, central and eastern European countries confront even greater challenges in this area. They must build up regulatory frameworks for economic and political conditions radically different than those which existed just a few years before. In particular, these countries must align their regulatory practices with those of the European Union. This implies the creation of new institutions, and control and monitoring systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml618wrlg7-en
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    OECD Submission to the Irish National Minimum Wage Commission (1997)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.28
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Ireland
    Abstract: This submission provides a brief factual survey of statutory minimum wage systems in OECD countries (Section B) as well as a summary of recommendations concerning minimum wages which have been presented in the OECD Jobs Study and recent OECD Economic Surveys (Section C). This is followed by a discussion of the factors which should be considered when reviewing the likely effects of statutory minimum wages on employment and unemployment (Section D), and on low pay and poverty (Section E). It is based on recent empirical evidence from OECD countries and, whenever possible, discusses the relevance of the different factors characterising minimum wages for the Irish context. The need for further research is discussed in Section F.
    DOI: 10.1787/501028262326
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Budgeting and Monitoring of Personnel Costs (1997)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.11
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La budgétisation et le contrôle des dépenses de personnel
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This publication is the product of a multi-country seminar on budgeting and controlling personnel costs which SIGMA organised in March 1996 in Paris. The seminar’s purpose was to provide an opportunity for senior practitioners from central and eastern European countries to examine different approaches to budgeting and controlling personnel costs, and their viability in light of the specific needs and constraints of each country. Drawing in particular on the experience of EU Member countries, the seminar enabled participants to compare different types of budgeting and monitoring, their respective advantages and disadvantages, as well as their prerequisites regarding institutions and procedures.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml6g63ffzv-en
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Co-operative Approaches to Regulation : No. 18 (1997)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162761
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (51 p)
    Series Statement: Public Management Occasional Papers
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: In many countries a new concept is emerging as an alternative to command-and-control regulation: the concept of shared responsibility between governments and businesses. Governments and businesses are seeing a need for co-operation and partnership, rather than confrontation and adversarial relations. Increasingly, governments and businesses, often represented by business federations, are engaged in dialogue to find more effective and efficient solutions to conflicts between public and private interests, solutions in which multiple public and private bodies set goals, identify solutions, and monitor outcomes. This Occasional Paper contains case studies on different strategies of public/private co-operation from Canada, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162761-en
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Promoting Performance and Professionalism in the Public Service (1997)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.21
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Promouvoir l'efficacité et le professionnalisme dans la fonction publique
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This is a report on human resources management practices in the public administrations of four central and eastern European countries: Albania, Estonia, Hungary and Poland. The report is based on information from 1996. Since then significant changes have occurred in at least two of the countries. In Poland a new Civil Service Act came into force in January 1997 (certain provisions came into force 30 days after the Act’s promulgation); and in Albania the current situation in the administration is difficult to assess due to recent political upheaval. When this report was prepared in 1996, Albania, Estonia and Hungary all had civil service laws in force, while in Poland the1982 Act on Civil Servants still regulated employment in the state administration. The report’s purpose is to determine to what extent the implementation of a specific law for employment in the administration would lead to significant changes in personnel management or in the preconditions for management, selection and promotion of staff. This report is therefore about public personnel management systems, management procedures and management practices and how they either support or hinder professionalism and appropriate conduct. To a certain extent it is also about the legislation and institutions as well as the training necessary to promote suitable civil service behaviour. The study was based on a common guideline document developed together with experts from the four countries. These experts are Odeta Dibra, Lawyer, Albania (now with UNESCO); Professor Georg Sootla, Tallinn Pedagogical University, Estonia; Istvan Borbiro, Lawyer, Jutasi & Partners, Hungary; and Wojciech Marchlewski, Co-operation and Partnership, Poland. The four experts used the guideline document as a reference tool for conducting interviews in the administrations of their countries and for reporting their findings.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml615rm5mv-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessing the Impacts of Proposed Laws and Regulations (1997)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 93 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.13
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Évaluation prévisionnelle de l'impact des lois et des règlements
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Assessing the Impacts of Proposed Laws and Regulations deals with policy assessment and Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA), or the ex ante assessment of how proposed legislation and regulations will affect a country’s economy, society, budget and existing laws, international agreements, etc. Through RIA governments can improve the quality of their interventions by ensuring that the impacts, both intended and unintended, of proposed legislation and regulations are assessed in advance, and form an input into decision-making. This is especially relevant for countries of Central and Eastern Europe in light of European Integration and the need for economic management. This publication is a follow-up to a seminar that was held in Riga on 2 and 3 October 1996 for public officials of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. It comprises a brief description of the highlights of the seminar discussions and the three papers that were prepared for the seminar by experts from Canada, France and the United States. Canada and the United States are leaders in RIA technology, and France is adopting new methodologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml6g5bc1s6-en
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Country Pofiles of Civil Service Training Systems (1997)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 247 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.12
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Profils par pays des systèmes de formation pour le service public
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This publication is the product of a project which SIGMA started in autumn 1995. The country papers were completed in late spring 1996, and since that time some countries have reviewed their training strategies. Lithuania, for example, has adopted a regulation concerning the qualification of civil servants, which includes training. The rationale for launching this project was the recognised need for more detailed information on training systems and on the organisation of training in central and eastern European countries. This information is essential to the efforts by countries in transition, working in collaboration with the donor community, to develop demand-driven training strategies, efficient structures for civil service training, and cost-effective and sustainable training activities.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml6g5hxlf6-en
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  • 10
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    Effects of European Union Accession: Part I Budgeting and Financial Control (1997)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 176 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.19
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Incidences de l'adhésion à l'Union européenne Partie 1, processus de budgétisation et contrôle financier
    Keywords: Governance ; European Union
    Abstract: Compliance with the European Union’s budgetary, financial control and audit requirements is one of the basic obligations of EU membership. SIGMA examines this in two publications that chronicle the experiences of seven EU Member States, including its three newest adherents, in integrating EU budgetary, financial control and audit procedures and requirements with national ones. The publications also describe central regulations and procedures used by the European Commission and the European Court of Audit. The present publication complements SIGMA Paper No. 20 Effects of European Union Accession—Part 2, External Audit, on the impact of accession on external audit. The purpose of these publications is to assist central and eastern European countries that have applied for membership of the European Union in discerning the ideas at stake, to give comparative information on the various approaches and solutions used by Member States and to sum up the experiences gained and lessons learned. The approach is to provide an overview of the topic and analyse key issues for reflection and debate. The focus is on practical experiences gained and conclusions drawn by those who have been involved in the daily work of adaptation and development of the government administration in the seven countries. The two publications also provide insight into the implementation policies adopted and an overview of the regulations and procedures used. Appendices include lists of abbreviations and useful terms and a selection of EU
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml61892zr2-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regulatory Impact Analysis : Best Practices in OECD Countries (1997)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162150
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'analyse de l'impact de la réglementation ; Meilleures pratiques dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'analyse de l'impact de la réglementation : Meilleures pratiques dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This is the first report to look across the OECD membership at how regulatory impact analysis is actually designed and carried out. Concrete "best practices" are identified in areas such as improving the capacity of government to produce high-quality analysis, applying analytical methods including benefit-cost analysis, collecting data, and consulting with the public to ensure that estimates are realistic.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162150-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Submission to the Irish National Minimum Wage Commission (1997)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.186
    Keywords: Economics ; Ireland
    Abstract: This submission provides a brief factual survey of statutory minimum wage systems in OECD countries (Section B) as well as a summary of recommendations concerning minimum wages which have been presented in the OECD Jobs Study and recent OECD Economic Surveys (Section C). This is followed by a discussion of the factors which should be considered when reviewing the likely effects of statutory minimum wages on employment and unemployment (Section D), and on low pay and poverty (Section E). It is based on recent empirical evidence from OECD countries and, whenever possible, discusses the relevance of the different factors characterising minimum wages for the Irish context. The need for further research is discussed in Section F. B. Minimum-wage systems in OECD countries The description of minimum-wage systems in this section has been derived from a number of sources, including national submissions in response to an OECD questionnaire. However, it should be noted that the ...
    DOI: 10.1787/758458066383
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Public Service Training in OECD Countries (1997)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.16
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les systèmes de formation dans le service public des pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The public service in central and eastern Europe has to adapt to an enormous number of changes in a very short time. The staff is faced with a constantly changing regulatory framework which needs implementation and enforcement, as well as new demands from the growing private sector and the citizenry at large. These challenges can only be met if the staff is highly qualified and constantly updating their qualifications. A sound system of in-service training is therefore crucial to keep the personnel within the public service on equal footing with the rapidly changing environment. This short paper is meant to point out the determining components of training systems, and advantages and disadvantages of possible solutions as they were developed in OECD countries, in order to assist countries in central and eastern Europe to set up a sound training system, while avoiding mistakes already experienced in OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml619ljzzn-en
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  • 14
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    Online Resource
    Checklist on Law Drafting and Regulatory Management in Central and Eastern Europe (1997)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.15
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Liste de critères de référence pour l'élaboration des lois et la gestion de la réglementation dans les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The development of a regulatory framework which meets EU standards is a major concern in central and eastern European countries, and this not only to foster economic development but also to ensure the wellbeing of the citizen. To achieve this goal, it is important to create a sound institutional structure, to dispose of staff qualified in law drafting, to set up efficient procedures for co-ordination and consultation, and to ensure that the possible impact of new legal instruments is assessed before they are adopted. SIGMA has been requested by several of its beneficiary countries to assist them in this extremely difficult task to set up efficient and effective structures and procedures for law drafting. Besides several workshops which have been carried out regarding crucial issues in law drafting, this checklist has been developed to provide countries with an additional means for self assessment. This checklist offers a means for evaluating structures, procedures and techniques for preparing and drafting legislation, and for identifying methodologies that may be helpful when changes are under consideration. Law drafting comprises two stages: policy development, and preparation of the legislative text to give effect to the policy adopted. The checklist is primarily concerned with the latter. The checklist draws upon experience gathered in OECD and central and eastern European countries. In particular, it takes into account work carried out by the Regulatory Management and Reform Group of the OECD’s Public Management Service (PUMA) and concerns of the EU Phare Programme voiced in the context of the approximation of law with regard to EU accession.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml6g2zl0bw-en
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  • 15
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    Online Resource
    Administrative Procedures and the Supervision of Administration in Hungary, Poland, Bulgaria, Estonia and Albania (1997)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 135 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.17
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La procédure administrative et le contrôle de l'administration en Hongrie, Pologne, Bulgarie, Estonie et Albanie
    Keywords: Governance ; Albania ; Bulgaria ; Estonia ; Hungary ; Poland
    Abstract: SIGMA is publishing this report to make more widely available comparative information on administrative law and administrative supervision in central and eastern European countries, and to highlight certain relationships with developments in these areas in Western Europe. Although each country has its own history and traditions in approaching these matters, there is at the same time emerging a common and widely accepted model of how they should be managed in democratic states. This report should be of particular interest to civil servants, government officials, parliamentarians and others with an interest in the development of administrative procedures and oversight institutions.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml6198lvkf-en
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  • 16
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    Effects of European Union Accession: Part II External Audit (1997)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 152 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.20
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Incidences de l'adhésion à l'Union européenne Partie 2, audit externe
    Keywords: Governance ; European Union
    Abstract: Over the past decade, the European Commission, as the institution responsible for implementing the Community Budget, has taken an increasingly active interest in the effectiveness of the control measures applied by Member States to Community funds. Indeed, it is in the common interest of the Member States to exercise proper supervision of Community funds. The responses of EU Member States’ Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs) to the Commission’s external audit procedures and requirements are divergent for various reasons, including legislative ones. This issue overview paper draws on the separate country papers which describe in more detail the different experiences of selected national SAIs in their co-operation with the Commission’s services and the European Court of Auditors (ECA). The present publication complements SIGMA Paper No. 19 Effects of European Union Accession — Part 1, Budgeting and Financial Control on the impact of accession on budgeting and financial control. In both cases, the approach adopted has been analysis of selected issues for reflection and debate.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml6164r4q7-en
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  • 17
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    Modern Budgeting (1997)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162167
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Budgétisation moderne
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Major budgeting reforms have been initiated in a number of OECD countries in recent years. These reforms focus on giving spending agencies greater flexibility in using resources, in exchange for holding them responsible for achieving results. This publication examines how five Member countries -- Australia, France, New Zealand, Sweden and the United Kingdom -- have implemented reforms in this area and offers an early assessment of the progress of those reforms.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162167-en
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  • 18
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    Civil Service Pension Schemes (1997)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 125 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.10
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Régimes de pension de la fonction publique
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This publication is a tool for designers of new civil service pension schemes in central and eastern Europe. It presents civil service pension schemes in five OECD Member countries and ten central and eastern European countries. In most central and eastern European countries, people employed in the public administration are covered under common national pension schemes, usually defined in a common pension law. As part of efforts to improve the professionalisation and quality of public administration, countries are defining civil service categories of personnel through civil service legislation. Some countries will introduce specific pension provisions for the public administration employees subject to this legislation. There are at least three obvious reasons for this: to secure the independence of civil servants, to make a public sector career more attractive, and to shift the costs of current remuneration into the future. In most OECD Member countries, civil servants have separate and specially designed pension schemes. These are either totally independent of the common national pension schemes or complementary to them. Conditions vary between countries and so do principles for financing. In one country there might also be several schemes for various categories of state officials and employees. “Pay-as-you-go” schemes financed by the annual state budget exist in several OECD Member countries. When they were introduced, national civil services were small and common pension schemes for the working population at large were lacking. Over the last 30 years, the rapid growth of western public services has not had any major impact on pension costs in pay-as-you-go schemes for demographic reasons and, until recently, the financing of pensions has in many countries stayed unchanged. The long-term nature of pension schemes and the strong interest that civil servants and their unions have in keeping them intact has added to the difficulty of changing them. With changing demography, pensions are becoming a heavy burden on the budget. Pensions imply both considerable running costs and heavy long-term liabilities. That is why many OECD Member countries today are trying to find new solutions to fund the financing costs. Different funding and actuarial techniques can be used to achieve this.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml6g6c4rvl-en
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  • 19
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    The OECD Report on Regulatory Reform : Synthesis Report (1997)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264189751
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (57 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This book shows hows how regulatory reform has produced substantial economic and social benefits for citizens by enhancing competition and reducing regulatory costs. It can boost efficiency, sharply reduce prices, stimulate innovation, and improve the ability of economies to adapt to change and remain competitive in global markets. Properly done, regulatory reform also can help governments promote other important policy goals, such as environmental quality, health, and safety. Finally, country experience shows that disruptions which can accompany reform can be addressed by complementary policies and actions. In this Report, the OECD calls for renewed attention to regulatory reform, and the recommendations in this Report constitute an ambitious plan for action. In May 1997, Ministers of OECD countries welcomed this Report and agreed to work to implement its recommendations in their countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264189751-en
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