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  • 1995-1999  (10)
  • 1998  (10)
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development  (10)
  • Safari, an O’Reilly Media Company
  • Environment  (10)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sustainable Development : OECD Policy Approaches for the 21st Century (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174283
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: Since the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, sustainability has emerged as an over-arching policy goal in the OECD Secretariat and in its Member countries. Real progress depends upon the integration of environmental and social goals with economic ones. This publication provides an overview and analysis of trends and identifies policy gaps and trade-offs that have been encountered and points to future options. The authors document positive trends which have emerged signalling greater sustainability, as well as areas where progress has proved more elusive. While the main focus is the OECD region, expanding linkages -- among all countries and regions -- form an important part of the story. The coverage of the volume reflects the OECD's diverse subject matter expertise, and some of the interdisciplinary synergies that the Organisation can generate. Part I of this two-part volume concentrates on socio-economic issues, including the integration of economics and environment; trade and environment; changing consumption and production patterns; assessing environmental performance; development co-operation; and the evolution of aid agencies since Rio. Part II takes an in-depth look at nine sectoral issues: energy; transport; agriculture; toxic chemicals; climate change; nuclear energy; urbanisation; biotechnology; and education. In short, this publication gives essential keys to meet the major challengeof the 21st century: helping to make sustainability a reality.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174283-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 408: Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070707
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 408; Toxicité orale à doses répétées - rongeurs; 90 jours
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 408: Toxicité orale à doses répétées - rongeurs: 90 jours
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This method provides information on health hazard likely to arise from exposure to test substance via oral administration. The determination of sub-chronic oral toxicity using repeated doses may be carried out after initial information on toxicity has been obtained from acute or repeated dose 28-day toxicity tests. The method is based on the repeated oral administration of the substance of interest over a prolonged period (one dose level daily during 90 days). This Test Guideline is intended primarily for use with rodents (rat preferably). At least 20 animals (10 female and 10 male) should be used for each test group. Three concentrations, at least, should be used. The test compound is administered by gavage or via the diet or drinking water. A limit test may be performed if no effects would be expected at a dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/d. The results of this study include: measurements (weighing at least once a week, food and water consumption) and daily and detailed observations (ophtalmological examination, haematology, clinical biochemistry and urinalysis), each day preferably at the same time; as well as gross necropsy and histopathology. A number of endocrine-related measurements, particularly relevant to thyoid function have been added in 2018. A properly conducted 90-day subchronic test should provide a satisfactory estimation of a no-effect level.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070707-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Mexico 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162594
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Mexique 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Mexique 1998
    Keywords: Environment ; Mexico
    Abstract: This review of Mexico's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162594-en
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Switzerland 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163591
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Keywords: Environment ; Switzerland
    Abstract: This review of Switzerland's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163591-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Australia 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162693
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Australie 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Australie 1998
    Keywords: Environment ; Australia
    Abstract: This report evaluates Australia's progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162693-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 409: Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Non-Rodents (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070721
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 409; Toxicité orale à doses répétées - non-rongeurs; 90 jours
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 409: Toxicité orale à doses répétées - non-rongeurs: 90 jours
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This method provides information on health hazard likely to arise from short-term exposure to test substance. The determination of sub-chronic oral toxicity using repeated doses may be carried out after initial information on toxicity has been obtained from acute or repeated dose 28-day toxicity tests. The method is based on the repeated oral administration of the substance of interest over a prolonged period (one dose level daily during 90 days). This Test Guideline is intended primarily for use with non-rodents species. The commonly used non-rodent species is the dog (the beagle is frequently used). At least 8 animals (4 female and 4 male) should be used for each test group. Three concentrations, at least, should be used. The test compound is administered in the diet or in the drinking water, by gavage or in capsules. A limit test may be performed if no effects would be expected at a dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/d. The results of this study include: measurements (weighing at least once a week, food/water consumption) and daily (preferably at the same time) and detailed observations (ophtalmological examination, haematology, clinical biochemistry and urinalysis), as well as gross necropsy and histopathology. A properly conducted 90-day subchronic test should provide a satisfactory estimation of a no-effect level.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070721-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 214: Honeybees, Acute Contact Toxicity Test (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070189
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 214; Abeille domestique, essai de toxicité aigue͏̈ par contact
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 214: Abeille domestique, essai de toxicité aigue͏̈ par contact
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is a laboratory test method, designed to assess the acute contact toxicity of pesticides and other chemicals to adult worker honeybees. Anaesthetized adult worker honeybees are exposed to five doses in a geometric series of the test substance dissolved in appropriate carrier (in total a volume of 1 ml), by direct application to the thorax (droplets). A minimum of three replicate test groups, each of ten bees, should be dosed with each test concentration. A toxic standard (usually dimethoate) should be included in the test series. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 100 ìg active ingredient/bee. The test duration is 48h. Mortality is recorded daily during at least 48 hours and compared with control values. If the mortality rate is increasing between 24 and 48h whilst control mortality remains at an accepted level, it is appropriate to extend the duration of the test to a maximum of 96h. The results are analysed in order to calculate the LD50 at 24h and 48h and, in case the study is prolonged, at 72h and 96h.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070189-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 213: Honeybees, Acute Oral Toxicity Test (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070165
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 213; Abeille domestique, essai de toxicité aigue͏̈ par voie orale
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 213: Abeille domestique, essai de toxicité aigue͏̈ par voie orale
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is a laboratory test method, designed to assess the oral acute toxicity of pesticides and other chemicals, to adult worker honeybees. Adult worker honeybees are exposed to five doses in a geometric series of the test substance dispersed in sucrose solution. A minimum of three replicate test groups, each of ten bees, should be dosed with each test concentration. A toxic standard (usually dimethoate) should be included in the test series. The bees are then fed the same diet, free of the test substance. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 100 ìg active ingredient/bee. Mortality is recorded daily during at least 48 hours and compared with control values. If the mortality rate is increasing between 24 and 48h whilst control mortality remains at an accepted level it is appropriate to extend the duration of the test to a maximum of 96h. The study report should include the amount of diet consumed per group and the observation of all abnormal behavioural. The results are analysed in order to calculate the LD50 at 24h and 48h and, in case the study is prolonged, at 72h and 96h.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070165-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Belgium 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163522
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Belgique 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Belgique 1998
    Keywords: Environment ; Belgium
    Abstract: This review of Belgium's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163522-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 212: Fish, Short-term Toxicity Test on Embryo and Sac-Fry Stages (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070141
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 212; Poisson, essai de toxicité à court terme aux stades de l'embryon et de l'alevin
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 212: Poisson, essai de toxicité à court terme aux stades de l'embryon et de l'alevin
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: In this Short-term Toxicity Test on Fish Embryo and Sac-Fry Stages, the life stages from the newly fertilized egg to the end of the sac-fry stage are exposed. The embryo and sac-fry stages of fish are exposed to five concentrations of the test substance dissolved in water. A choice, depending on the nature of the test substance, is possible between a semi-static and a flow-through procedure. The test starts with placing at least 30 fertilised eggs divided equally between at least three replicate test chambers per concentration, and is terminated just before the yolk-sac of any larvae in any of the test chambers has been completely absorbed or before mortalities by starvation start in controls. Lethal and sub-lethal effects are assessed and compared with control values to determine the lowest observed effect concentration and hence the no observed effect concentration. Alternatively, they may be analysed using a regression model in order to estimate the concentration that would cause a given percentage effect. The study report should include: the daily counting of the offspring, the daily recording of the parent mortality, the weekly measurement of oxygen concentration, temperature, and pH values; and the determination of the concentrations of test substance. It should also include the observations of abnormal appearance, abnormal behaviour, hatching and survival...
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070141-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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