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  • Squicciarini, Mariagrazia  (6)
  • OECD International Transport Forum
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (11)
  • Arbeitspapier  (9)
  • Konferenzschrift  (3)
  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 09
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Computerunterstützung ; Informationstechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Fachkräfte ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper sheds light on the extent to which different types of skills are rewarded as industries go digital. It relies on information from the OECD Survey of Adult Skills on labour market participation and workers’ skills for 31 countries as well as on a novel OECD index on the digital penetration of industries. It investigates how cognitive and non-cognitive skills are rewarded in digital vs. less digital intensive industries and assesses the extent to which skills bundles matter. The results indicate that digital intensive industries especially reward workers having relatively higher levels of self-organisation and advanced numeracy skills. Moreover, for workers in digital intensive industries, bundles of skills are particularly important: workers endowed with a high level of numeracy skills receive an additional wage premium, if they also show high levels of self-organisation or managing and communication skills.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2017, 05
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; Internationale Arbeitsteilung ; Qualifikation ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study follows a job task-based approach to measure the skills of individuals. It exploits information contained in the OECD Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) and conducts an exploratory state-of-the-art factor analysis to obtain six task-based skills indicators that are comparable across 31 countries. By combining the PIAAC-based skills indicators with OECD Trade in Value Added (TiVA) data, light is shed on the way skills and their distributions (at the country-industry level) relate to industry performance and to integration into global value chains (GVCs). The results underline the importance of cognitive skills such as literacy, numeracy and problem solving for any industry to thrive in the global economy. Also, a persistent and positive association with labour productivity and participation in GVCs is observed, at the industry level, for non-cognitive skills such as managing and communication skills, ICT skills and workers’ readiness to learn and to think creatively.
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2017, 01
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: IKT-Sektor ; Informationstechnik ; Klassifikation ; Patentrecht ; Japan ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This work proposes a definition of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) based on the technology classes of the International Patent Classification (IPC) in which patents are classified. This new taxonomy, called the “J tag”, aligns with the definitions of the ICT sector (2007) and of ICT products (2008) put forward by the OECD, and stems from the in-depth knowledge of Japan Patent Office experts, as well of experts from the Intellectual Property (IP) Offices participating in the OECD-led IP Task Force. Expert judgment of patent class content, relevance for ICT-related products, completeness and accuracy are the principles guiding the inclusion of IPC classes in the “J tag” taxonomy. ICT technologies are subdivided into 13 areas defined with respect to the specific technical features and functions they are supposed to accomplish (e.g. mobile communication), and details provided about the ways in which technologies relate to ICT products.
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2017, 03
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Humankapital ; Komparativer Vorteil ; Industrie ; Unternehmenserfolg ; Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; Welt ; Education ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study investigates the role of countries’ skills endowment for comparative advantage. It tests the theoretical model of Ohnsorge and Trefler (2007) who argue that it is the bundling of various skills at the worker level and their joint distribution that matter for trade specialisation. This departs from the literature assuming that workers are endowed with only one type of skills, generally measured by educational attainment. The model’s predictions are tested using information on cognitive skills from the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) and Trade in Value Added (TiVA) data. Results show that workers' skills bundles and their distribution have larger effects on specialisation than countries’ endowment of capital per employee, or the relative endowment of workers possessing different levels of education. Furthermore, this study tests the model of Bombardini et al. (2012) and finds evidence that the within-country dispersion of skills significantly affects specialisation patterns.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 187
    Keywords: Outsourcing ; Auslandsverlagerung ; Qualifikation ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; OECD-Staaten ; 2000 - 2011 ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This work addresses the role of global value chains (GVCs), workforce skills, ICT, innovation and industry structure in explaining employment levels of routine and non-routine occupations. The analysis encompasses 28 OECD countries over the period 2000-2011. It relies on a new country-specific measure of routine intensity built using individual-level information from the OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) survey, as well as on new industry-level Trade in Value Added (TiVA) indicators of offshoring and domestic outsourcing. The results suggest that employment in all types of occupations positively relate to innovation. With respect to offshoring patterns, a positive correlation is observed between the offshoring of inputs and domestic outsourcing with more routine-intensive jobs. Taken together, the results point to the existence of complex interactions between the routine content of occupations, skills, technology and trade, which do not allow for a neat identification of “winners” and “losers” in a GVC context.
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 188
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Beruf ; Ergonomie ; Statistik ; OECD-Staaten ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This work proposes a novel measure of the routine content of occupations, called the Routine Intensity Indicator (RII), built on data from the OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) survey. The RII uses information about the extent to which workers can modify the sequence of their tasks and decide the type of tasks to be performed on the job. Based on median RII values of individuals in 3-digit occupations across 20 OECD countries, jobs are grouped into quartiles of routine-intensity. On average, in 2012, 46% of employed persons worked in non-routine (18%) or low (28%) routine intensive occupations, with the distribution differing significantly across countries. The relationship between the routine content of occupations and the skills of the workforce is also investigated. While a negative correlation does emerge between skill content and routine intensity – i.e. more routine-intensive occupations tend to be associated with lower skills – this relationship is not necessarily very strong.
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  • 7
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 S.) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Document de référence / Forum International des Transports 2011-3
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Discussion Papers no.2011/03
    Parallel Title: Engl. Ausg. Better economic regulation
    Keywords: Verkehrssektor ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Dienstleistungsqualität ; Verkehrspolitik ; Regulierung ; Good Governance ; Transport ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: Des services de transport de qualité apportent beaucoup à la productivité d’une économie et élargissent l’éventail des activités accessibles aux consommateurs. Ils requièrent des infrastructures adéquates et des conditions raisonnables d’utilisation de ces infrastructures. Beaucoup d’infrastructures de transport sont lourdes et présentent une intensité capitalistique élevée, ce qui a pour effet de limiter le nombre de prestataires de services. La structure des coûts et la technologie sont parfois telles que la réglementation économique est le meilleur moyen d’optimiser les résultats. La mise en place des structures de gouvernance appropriées – qui consiste notamment à déterminer quand et comment réglementer – est capitale pour les performances du secteur. Elle fait l’objet du présent document qui fait la synthèse des débats menés au cours de la Table Ronde1 de décembre 2010.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 8
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 S.) , graph. Darst. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: [Document de référence / Centre Conjoint de Recherche sur les Transports] [2010-15]
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2010/15
    Keywords: Transport ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Le présent rapport expose des données et une réflexion sur les évolutions récentes des marchés mondiaux des transports, et analyse les politiques qui semblent les plus prometteuses pour stabiliser les émissions de CO2 des véhicules légers. Au lendemain de la crise économique, la reprise encore incertaine n’est pas uniformément répartie sur l’ensemble de la planète. Cette conjoncture peut avoir des répercussions sur les structures des échanges et les flux de produits au niveau mondial, et donc sur les principaux flux de transport de marchandises. Il y a fort lieu de penser, d’après notre analyse, que la maîtrise des émissions futures de gaz à effet de serre dues aux transports passera par le recours aux technologies permettant de réduire…
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Transport outlook 2010 : the potential for innovation , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 9
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (18 S.) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Document de référence / Centre Conjoint de Recherche sur les Transports 2010-11
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2010/11
    Parallel Title: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T. The future of interurban passenger transport - bringing citizens closer together
    Keywords: Transport ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Le Symposium a réuni des spécialistes des transports de haut vol venant de partout dans le monde pour débattre des perspectives du transport interurbain de voyageurs. Un premier ensemble de rapports traite des déterminants de la demande de transport interurbain de voyageurs et du sens dans lequel elle pourrait évoluer dans le futur. Les autres rapports s’étendent sur les principales questions auxquelles l’évolution à long terme de la demande contraindra la politique des transports à trouver une réponse, c’est-à-dire quand investir dans la grande vitesse ferroviaire, quelles règles adopter pour assurer l’efficience de l’exploitation, comment répartir l’infrastructure entre ses différentes catégories d’utilisateurs (par exemple les voitures et les camions), quel rôle attribuer à l’information et comment…
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789282102480
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Series Statement: Tables rondes FIT no.145
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Competitive Interaction between Airports, Airlines and High-Speed Rail
    Keywords: Transport ; Konferenzschrift ; Verkehrsmittel ; Wettbewerb ; Luftverkehr ; Wettbewerb ; Hochgeschwindigkeitszug
    Abstract: Comment réglementer les aéroports de façon à limiter leur pouvoir de marché ? Ce rapport part du principe que la question préalable à se poser est de savoir s’il est indiqué de réglementer. La réglementation étant imparfaite et coûteuse, les pouvoirs publics devraient chaque fois que c’est possible établir les conditions propices au développement de la concurrence entre aéroports en lieu et place d’une réglementation détaillée. Lorsque la réglementation économique se justifie, par exemple pour des aéroports très encombrés, le rapport examine les différentes approches réglementaires possibles pour déterminer celle qui est, en définitive, la plus adaptée. Il évalue aussi les stratégies de gestion des émissions de gaz à effet de serre. En intégrant l’aviation aux systèmes ouverts d’échange de droits d’émission, on pourrait réduire efficacement les émissions, mais on ne saurait en attendre des réductions importantes des émissions de CO2 dans le transport aérien proprement dit. Enfin, le rapport recense les conditions économiques dans lesquelles le train à grande vitesse peut devenir un substitut concurrentiel de l’avion. Cependant il conclut que le rail offre seulement des possibilités limitées en matière de réduction des ; émissions de gaz à effet de serre sur la partie correspondante du marché des transports.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Competitive interaction between airports, airlines and high-speed rail
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789282102299
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Series Statement: Tables rondes FIT no.143
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Port Competition and Hinterland Connections
    Keywords: Transport ; Konferenzschrift ; Hafenwirtschaft ; Hinterland
    Abstract: Cette publication de la série Tables Rondes examine les défis stratégiques et réglementaires que pose l’évolution rapide de l’environnement portuaire. L’innovation technologique et organisationnelle, ainsi qu’une très forte expansion des échanges, ont en effet radicalement transformé le secteur portuaire au cours des dernières décennies. Bien que les ports desservent aujourd’hui des arrière-pays qui s’étendent profondément à l’intérieur des continents, la concurrence interportuaire ne cesse de s’intensifier, affaiblissant le pouvoir de négociation des ports dans la chaîne logistique. L’accroissement du débit portuaire se heurte à une résistance de plus en plus forte des collectivités locales en raison de la pollution et de la congestion qu’il entraîne. La réglementation locale est justifiée, mais sa mise en œuvre est compliquée par la répartition du pouvoir de négociation entre les parties prenantes. Des autorités d’un niveau plus élevé seraient en mesure de formuler des politiques plus efficaces.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Port competition and hinterland connections
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