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  • 1995-1999  (47)
  • OECD  (47)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (47)
  • OECD  (25)
  • Social Issues/Migration/Health  (23)
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Social Sciences at a Turning Point? (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172920
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: How can the social and behavioural sciences contribute more effectively to solving the problems of society? Authoritative experts and policy makers examine the current state and status of the social sciences and present their views on what needs to be done. The authors, who represent OECD countries with diverse traditions and experience, discuss in particular the need to restructure social sciences, to better link them to policy making, to strengthen related basic research, to take advantage of progress made in information technologies for large-scale surveys and data storage, etc. Illustrative developments concern youth and urban problems, education reforms, immigration and environmental policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172920-en
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development Co-operation Reviews: Luxembourg 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172050
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.32
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Luxembourg 1999
    RVK:
    QM 353
    RVK:
    QC 347
    RVK:
    MK 8500
    Keywords: Development ; Luxembourg ; OECD ; Luxemburg
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1999 review of Luxembourg's development aid programmes and policies. It finds that Luxembourg's aid programme has made considerable headway since the first review by the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) in 1993. The government has implemented most of the DAC's recommendations following that review. Measures taken by the government include: a new law defining the aims of co-operation; selection of target countries; an increase in the number of staff assigned to the aid programme; an agreement governing relations between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Co-operation (MFA) and Lux-Development, the executive agency. Over the last five years the volume of Luxembourg's official development assistance (ODA) has risen by an average of 15 per cent a year in real terms. Luxembourg's development aid reached 0.55 per cent of its gross national product (GNP) in 1997. This advance has been made possible by the unanimous support of political parties and public opinion. The non-governmental organisations occupy a special place in the aid programme since a quarter of bilateral aid is channelled through them. Luxembourg delivers its aid entirely in grant form, and largely untied. The sharp rise in the volume of aid makes it important to control and improve the quality of projects and programmes by means of more stringent selection procedures, closer monitoring of projects and systematic [ex-ante] and [ex-post] evaluations. To that end it is crucial to reduce the number of recipient countries, to strengthen further human resources for the aid programme and to extend training for co-operation staff.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172050-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development Co-operation Reviews: European Community 1998 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264164079
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.30
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Communauté Européenne 1998
    RVK:
    QC 347
    RVK:
    QM 353
    RVK:
    MK 8500
    Keywords: Development ; OECD
    Abstract: The European Community (EC) is the world's second largest multilateral channel for development assistance (after the World Bank). Its combined programmes are the fifth-largest among the 22 Members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC), and EC programmes have grown an average 3.3 per cent annually over the past five years, while the combined effort of DAC countries declined by 4.7 per cent annually. The Community's allocation of resources to lower income countries has not kept pace, however, with the overall growth of the ODA budget over recent years. EC programmes operate within a complex organisation and management structure, and Brussels faces serious challenges of implementation in adapting its operations to achieve agreed development objectives. There have been important steps in the evolution of the European Commission structures: a Common Service has been created to implement co-operation activities for the four Directorates General. But there is still a need to strengthen the capacity of delegations in the field to work fully with partners in advancing local ownership and co-ordination. The EC has a strong role to play in improving the coherence of policies affecting developing countries. The report analyses this question in fields such as agriculture, trade, fisheries agreements and Community fishing fleet subsidies. Co-ordination with other donors also seems to be improving, which bodes well for better overall partnerships between donors and partner countries. In 1998, the development co-operation policy of the following DAC Member countries will be reviewed: Canada, Finland, Germany, Luxembourg, Spain, and the United States.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264164079-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Price of Water : Trends in OECD Countries (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173996
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le prix de l'eau ; Les tendances dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le prix de l'eau : Les tendances dans les pays de l'OCDE
    RVK:
    AR 22700
    Keywords: Environment ; Wasserpreis ; OECD
    Abstract: The price of water is a key determinant of both the economic efficiency and the environmental effectiveness of water services. This book reviews current practices and recent trends in water pricing practices for the household, agriculture, and industrial sectors in OECD countries. It addresses pricing issues related to the full range of water services, including public supplies, sewage treatment and disposal, abstraction and discharge fees, and cost recovery. It also outlines recent developments in institutional arrangements related to water pricing, and briefly considers questions concerning the affordability of water services and the responsiveness of water demands to changes in price levels. Its broad coverage of issues, sectors, and countries makes it a unique overview of trends in the water pricing field.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173996-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trade, Investment and Development: Policy Coherence Matters (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273504
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges, investissement et développement ; Pour la cohérence des politiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges, investissement et développement : Pour la cohérence des politiques
    RVK:
    QC 347
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade ; OECD ; Entwicklungspolitik
    Abstract: The development process can advance more rapidly than ever before in the new global economy. While opening their economies to trade and investment is a necessary condition for developing countries to achieve sustained high growth and reduce poverty, it is by no means a sufficient condition. Initiating a sustainable dynamic growth requires sound, market-oriented economic policies; appropriate social policy frameworks, including strong investment in human capital and adequate social safety-nets; and good governance. But, as shown by the Asian financial crisis, weaknesses in any of these basic foundations make even successful developing economies vulnerable to crisis. OECD countries have a pivotal role to play in facilitating developing countries' efforts to fully exploit the benefits of open trade and investment. The key objective of this report is to identify how OECD countries can promote policy coherence by improving the framework for international investment and capital flows; addressing environmental concerns; facilitating participation of developing countries in the global information society; and enhancing the coherence of development co-operation policies. To be successful, policy coherence implies the broader agenda of consciously taking account of the needs and interests of developing countries in order for them to be effective rather than vulnerable and marginal players in the global economy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273504-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Caring World : The New Social Policy Agenda (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172593
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pour un monde solidaire ; Le nouvel agenda social
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pour un monde solidaire : Le nouvel agenda social
    DDC: 361.6/1 21
    RVK:
    QX 000
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Sozialpolitik
    Abstract: A new vision of the purpose of social policy is needed. Scaremongers present decision-makers as facing an overwhelming number of complex problems with more and more limited budgets. Society is indeed undergoing profound upheaval. Ageing populations are increasing pressure on the workforce. Changes in the labour market have hit low-skilled workers hard; the term "social exclusion" has entered the political lexicon, and policies can no longer be based on "traditional" family life. But social policy should not be presented as "papering over the cracks" in society caused by economic and demographic change. As knowledge plays an increasing role in generating wealth, empowering individuals to develop their potential is a central and essential part of economic policy. Indeed, economic and social policies are more intertwined than ever. This book paints a complete and accessible picture of the current situation and pinpoints how policies can be reformed. Social policy should aim to promote employment and healthy living, rather than just coping with joblessness and ill-health. Investing in children and families helps ensure that all can contribute fully to society. Innovations and experiments in new social policies to better equip individuals and families with the support they need in responding to change abound in OECD countries. Ministers from OECD countries have committed themselves to the ambitious task of creating just such a caring world.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172593-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Application of the OECD Model Tax Convention to Partnerships (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173316
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Issues in International Taxation no.6
    Series Statement: Issues in international taxation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Application du Modèle de Convention fiscale de l'OCDE aux sociétés de personnes
    DDC: 343.068
    RVK:
    QL 530
    Keywords: Taxation ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Internationales Steuerrecht
    Abstract: The application of tax treaties to cases involving partnerships raises a number of complex issues. When is a partnership entitled to the benefits of a tax convention? What happens when the residence and source States apply different articles of the Convention on the basis of differences in their domestic law? How can the problems arising from conflicts of income allocation be solved? This report addresses these issues in detail and focuses on specific factual examples. For each example, the facts and, where applicable, relevant aspects of domestic tax laws are described. Comprehensive recommendations for dealing with the international taxation of partnerships in practice are also presented.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173316-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development Co-operation Reviews: Finland 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172012
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.31
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Finlande 1999
    RVK:
    QC 347
    RVK:
    QM 353
    RVK:
    MK 8500
    Keywords: Development ; Finland ; OECD ; Finnland
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1999 review of Finlands development aid programmes and policies. It finds that following a steep decline in its development co-operation programme in the early 1990s Finland is engaged in redesigning and building up its aid programme. The Cabinet Decision-in-principle of September 1996 is now the main point of reference for Finnish development co-operation. It includes a firm target of 0.4 per cent by the year 2000 for the ratio of Finland's official development assistance to the gross national product (the ODA/GNP ratio), the integration of development co-operation into a coherent foreign policy framework and the reorganisation of the aid administration within the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. At the DAC review of Finland's aid policies and programmes on 16 October 1998 the Committee commended both the partnership orientation of Finland's policies, as set out in the Decision-in-principle, and the growing volume of Finnish aid, a welcome reversal of the situation at the time of the last DAC Peer Review of Finland in 1995, when aid volume was in a deep decline. This Review addresses several other key issues: Finland's long-term partnerships with primary orientation countries; the flexibility concept, included in the Decision-in-principle; the need for clear sectoral and cross-cutting policy guidance; field management and delegation to the field; and the revised screening process for project and policy proposals that is part of the quality control system of Finnish aid.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172012-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Towards Lifelong Learning in Hungary (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173606
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Hungary
    Abstract: Lifelong Learning for All, the report emerging from the meeting of OECD Education Ministers signals their own commitment to advancing further this orientation in national education systems. Subsequent meetings of Labour and Social Affairs Ministers endorsed the relevance of a lifelong learning approach to address important aspects of labour and social policy issues. This report is the first country study organised in the form of an education policy review. It analyses the obstacles and challenges encountered thus far in adapting a lifelong learning approach to policy making in education and training from pre-school to adult education and retraining. Particular attention is given to education and the economy, regional development, new forms of distance education and financing.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173606-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trade and competition policies : exploring the ways forward; [a Conference on Trade and Competition was held 29 - 30 June 1999 at the OECD] (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264174044
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Trade and competition policies
    RVK:
    QM 230
    RVK:
    QR 300
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; OECD ; Außenhandel ; Internationaler Wettbewerb
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174047-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Combattre l'exclusion : L'aide sociale au Canada et en Suisse (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273979
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (202 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Battle against Exclusion; Social Assistance in Canada and Switzerland
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Battle against Exclusion: Social Assistance in Canada and Switzerland
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Canada ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Améliorer le sort de ceux qui sont sans ressources ou qui ont peu de ressources n’est pas chose facile. Aujourd’hui, les institutions qui cherchent à aider les personnes en marge de la société s’efforcent de les intégrer et de les motiver, afin d’éviter l’exclusion sociale. Comment l’aide sociale peut-elle à la fois assurer des prestations suffisantes et conserver l'intérêt financier du travail ? Quelles mesures les pouvoirs publics doivent-ils prendre pour favoriser l’autonomie et réduire la dépendance (reproduite d'une génération à l'autre) à l’égard des mécanismes de solidarité ? Comment encourager la responsabilité individuelle dans des sociétés où les contribuables et les électeurs sont clairement considérés comme des partenaires importants de la politique sociale ? Ce sont là quelques-unes des principales questions que soulève cette étude comparative des politiques d’aide sociale dans quatre provinces canadiennes -- Alberta, Nouveau-Brunswick, Ontario et Saskatchewan -- et quatre cantons suisses -- Grisons, Tessin, Vaud et Zurich. En Suisse, les personnes qui étaient contraintes de recourir à l’aide sociale étaient peu nombreuses jusqu’à ce que le chômage augmente fortement, au début des années 1990. Aujourd’hui, les autorités s’efforcent de favoriser l’insertion sociale en maintenant les prestations à un haut niveau tout en renforçant les mesures destinées à réinsérer les bénéficiaires de prestations dans la vie active. Au Canada, toutes les provinces insistent sur le rôle déterminant du travail, considéré comme le meilleur moyen d’éviter la dépendance à l’égard des prestations sociales, et certaines provinces ont abaissé le niveau de l’aide et restreint l’accès aux prestations. Le succès rencontré par le Canada pour réduire la dépendance à l’égard des prestations est d'autant plus remarquable qu'il a très peu d'équivalents dans les pays développés. Pour en savoir plus Cette étude s’inscrit dans la série « Combattre l’exclusion » composée d'études comparatives des politiques d’aide sociale. Pour avoir une vue plus complète des politiques sociales dans les pays de l’OCDE, on pourra se reporter aux deux premiers volumes de la série, publiés en 1998 : le premier traite des politiques d’aide sociale en Australie, en Finlande, au Royaume-Uni et en Suède ; le deuxième des politiques sociales en Belgique, en Norvège, aux Pays-Bas et en République tchèque.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273979-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Tax/Benefit Position of Employees : 1997 1998 Edition = La situation des salariés au regard de l'impôt et des transferts sociaux : 1997 Edition 1998 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264072510
    Language: Multiple languages , English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (384 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Employment ; Taxation ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Steuerbelastung
    Abstract: This annual publication provides unique information on direct taxes levied from employees and their employers in all OECD Member countries. In addition, the book specifies family benefits paid as cash transfers. Amounts of taxes and benefits are detailed program by program, for eight household types, which differ by income level and household composition. Results include the tax burden for one- and two- earner families.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264072510-en-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preparing youth for the 21st century : the transition from education to the labour market; proceedings of the Washington D.C. conference, 23 - 24 February 1999; [Conference "Preparing Youth for the 21st Century: the Policy Lessons from the Past Two Decades] (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264173420
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Preparing youth for the 21st century
    RVK:
    QV 240
    RVK:
    DL 2000
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Berufsbildung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173422-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Children and Families at Risk : New Issues in Integrating Services (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264164093
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (214 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Fears of the prospect of growing social exclusion have become important concerns in recent years for many countries. Improving the quality of education and the standards attained by students to improve employability is one of the tools being used to prevent exclusion. However, changing social realities are leaving young children and students more exposed than ever to failure at school and unemployment. It is becoming increasingly clear that communities, education systems, schools and teachers are not equipped to deal with the many problems which arise and when social or health services become involved conflicts of interest can arise leading to actions which are not always in the clients' best interests. The necessity to provide greater co-ordination among these services, to improve their efficiency and effectiveness and to provide a seamless support to meet the holistic needs of students and their families is now becoming more accepted. Such an approach, inter alia, is community-based, emphasises prevention rather than being crisis-oriented, is customer-driven rather than being focused on an agency, and is accountable through outcomes rather than inputs. For many, better co-ordination of services is seen as the only solution available which is commensurate with our present democratic societies. All of the papers in this book were presented at a conference held in Toronto, Canada. They are original and have been written by policy-makers from different ministries, researchers from different disciplines and clients who come variously from Canada, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, the UK, and the USA.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264164093-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The local dimension of welfare to work : an international survey; [proceedings of the Sheffield conference, held in November 1998 ... were prepared by the local economic and employment development (LEED) programme of the OECD's Territorial Development Service] (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264174125
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. The local dimension of welfare to work
    RVK:
    QK 900
    RVK:
    QX 900
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 1998 ; OECD ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit ; Regionale Beschäftigungspolitik ; OECD ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; Regionale Beschäftigungspolitik
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174122-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Environmental requirements for industrial permitting (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264172580
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Bd. 1 - 3
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Environmental requirements for industrial permitting
    Keywords: OECD ; Industrie ; Konzession ; Umwelt
    Note: Erschienen Bd. 1 - 3
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172586-en
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  • 17
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    Online Resource
    Agriculture in China and OECD Countries : Past Policies and Future Challenges (OECD Proceedings) (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173293
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 338.1/851
    RVK:
    QS 000
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; China, People’s Republic ; Konferenzschrift ; China ; Agrarpolitik ; OECD ; Agrarpolitik
    Abstract: The pace of growth in China's agricultural sector is remarkable. Over the past 20 years, food production has outpaced population growth, and enhanced the nutritional status of a billion people. But this success has given rise to a number of questions. Most importantly, will China be able to provide food for its population in a sustainable way, while absorbing the 15 million people added to its population each year? What policies should accompany China’s transition to a market-based economy in the agricultural sector which employs the vast majority of China’s working population? What are the implications of economic and agricultural growth for the environment, the rural communities and the social fabric? What are the implications for international agricultural markets and what could be at stake for other food importing countries? Determining how this demand for food will be met requires a complex analytical framework whose parameters are the subject of an intense discussion and debate. The proceedings of this workshop provide a rich repository of material that helps answer many of these questions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173293-en
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Strategic Business Services (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173590
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les services stratégiques aux entreprises
    RVK:
    QQ 200
    Keywords: Employment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Unternehmensberatung ; Internationaler Vergleich ; OECD ; Dienstleistung ; Industriebetrieb
    Abstract: Strategic business services, examined in twenty-one OECD country case studies in this book, comprise services in computer software and information processing, research and development and technical testing, marketing, business organisation (management consultancy and labour recruitment) and human resource development. This sector has been growing at around 10% per year, and overall turnover for 1999 is likely to be close to USD 1.5 trillion. These services create jobs in OECD countries, directly employing at least 11 million persons. Business organisation services were the major employer, with 3.6 million people in personnel recruitment services and 1.5 million in management consultancy in the mid-1990s. This sector’s strong performance is driven by the general shift towards services, the rise of the knowledge-based economy, the need for greater flexibility within firms, specialisation and increased division of labour in many areas, outsourcing by established firms, and the trend towards smaller production units and firms.Governments influence the demand for business services by promoting private sector investment in intangibles such as R&D, training and education and business organisation, and by supporting the supply of these services through a range of intermediary agencies. The provision of strategic business services is seen as key to improving the performance and competitiveness of small and medium-sized firms.Countries covered Australia Austria Canada Denmark Finland France Germany Ireland Italy Japan Mexico Netherlands Norway New Zealand Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173590-en
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  • 19
    Online Resource
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    The Battle against Exclusion : Social Assistance in Canada and Switzerland (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173972
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combattre l'exclusion ; L'aide sociale au Canada et en Suisse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combattre l'exclusion : L'aide sociale au Canada et en Suisse
    RVK:
    QX 000
    RVK:
    QX 900
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Canada ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Preventing hardship among those with few or no resources is no easy task. Today, institutions whose goal is to help those at the margins seek to integrate and encourage them in order to avoid social exclusion. How can social assistance best balance the adequacy of benefits with financial incentives to work? What policy measures are essential to promote independence and reduce (intergenerational) welfare dependence? What can be done to promote individual responsibility in societies where taxpayers and voters are explicitly regarded as major stakeholders in social policy? These are some of the most pressing social issues this book addresses by comparing social assistance policies in four Canadian provinces -- Alberta, New Brunswick, Ontario and Saskatchewan -- and four Swiss cantons -- Graubünden, Ticino, Vaud and Zürich. In Switzerland, few people were forced to rely on social assistance until unemployment rose sharply at the beginning of the 1990s. The authorities are now struggling with how to promote social inclusion by keeping benefit levels high whilst at the same time improving measures designed to get benefit recipients back into work. In Canada, all provinces have stressed the role of work as the best way of avoiding benefit dependency, and some provinces have also cut benefit levels and restricted access to benefits. The success of Canada in reducing social assistance benefit dependency stands out in an area of social protection where across the developed world there are remarkably few such successes. Further reading This book is part of "The Battle against Exclusion" series, consisting of comparative studies of social assistance policies. To get a more comprehensive picture of social policies in OECD countries, please consult the first two volumes of the series, both published in 1998: the first volume covers Australia, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom, and the second volume, Belgium, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and Norway.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173972-en
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  • 20
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    OECD Principles of Corporate Governance (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173705
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance; (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de gouvernement d'entreprise de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance: (Russian version)
    RVK:
    PS 4220
    RVK:
    QP 341
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services ; Aktiengesellschaft ; Eigentümer ; Recht ; Corporate Governance ; OECD
    Abstract: Over the past decade, the world has witnessed a significant transformation in the role of the private sector in economic development and job creation. As more and more countries have adopted market-based approaches to economic policy, there has been an increasing awareness of the importance of private corporations for the welfare of individuals. A good corporate governance regime is central to the efficient use of corporate capital. Good corporate governance also helps to ensure that corporations take into account the interests of a wide rage of constituencies, as well as of the communities within which they operate, and that their boards are accountable to the company and the shareholders. This, in turn, helps to assure that corporations operate for the benefit of society as a whole. It helps to maintain the confidence of investors - both foreign and domestic - and to attract more long-term capital. The OECD Principles of Corporate Governance were endorsed by ministers at the OECD Council meeting at ministerial level on 26-27 May 1999. They were developed in response to a mandate given to the Organisation by the OECD Council meeting at ministerial level in 1998 to develop a set of standards and guidelines on good corporate governance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173705-en
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  • 21
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    Pour un monde solidaire : Le nouvel agenda social (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264272590
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. A Caring World; The New Social Policy Agenda
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. A Caring World: The New Social Policy Agenda
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Il faut repenser les politiques sociales. Les plus pessimistes estiment que les pouvoirs publics disposent de budgets toujours plus limités pour faire face à des problèmes sans cesse plus complexes et plus nombreux. A l'évidence, des phénomènes remarquables travaillent nos sociétés en profondeur. Le vieillissement démographique accroît les pressions pesant sur les actifs. Les mutations du marché du travail touchent de plein fouet les travailleurs peu qualifiés. « L'exclusion sociale » est entrée dans le vocabulaire politique. Et la structure familiale traditionnelle ne peut plus servir de base aux politiques. Mais on ne devrait pas présenter la politique sociale comme colmatant les brèches d'une société confrontée à des défis à la fois économiques et démographiques. Le savoir jouant un rôle croissant dans la création de richesse, permettre aux individus de développer tout leur potentiel est une dimension clé de la politique économique. Les politiques économiques et sociales sont donc plus étroitement liées que jamais. Cet ouvrage dresse un tableau à la fois complet et accessible de la situation actuelle et met le doigt sur les réformes à entreprendre. La politique sociale devrait ainsi promouvoir l'emploi et une vie saine et non se contenter de guérir les maux -- chômage, problèmes de santé -- après coup. De même, l'investissement consacré aux enfants et aux familles les aide à apporter leur pleine contribution à la société. Dans les pays de l'OCDE, les nouvelles politiques sociales foisonnent en expériences et innovations visant à offrir aux individus et aux familles le soutien dont ils ont besoin pour s'adapter au changement. Les ministres des pays de l'OCDE se sont justement engagés à mener à bien cette tâche ambitieuse : créer un monde solidaire.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264272590-fr
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  • 22
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    Combattre l'exclusion : L'aide sociale en Belgique, en Norvège, aux Pays-Bas et en République tchèque (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264266773
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Battle against Exclusion; Social Assistance in Belgium, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and Norway
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Battle against Exclusion: Social Assistance in Belgium, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and Norway
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Belgium ; Czech Republic ; Netherlands ; Norway
    Abstract: Les institutions ayant pour mission d'aider les personnes démunies sont un élément caractéristique de la vie sociale depuis des siècles. Aujourd'hui, les institutions d'aide sociale ont pour objectif d'intégrer et d'encourager ces personnes afin d'éliminer exclusion et stigmatisation. La pauvreté peut fortement éprouver le tissu social. Pourtant, éviter la misère aux personnes sans ressources tout en réduisant l'exclusion et la marginalisation n'est pas chose facile. Comment l'aide sociale peut-elle concilier au mieux ces objectifs et réduire au minimum les effets dissuasifs sur la recherche d'emploi rémunéré ? Que peut-on faire pour promouvoir autonomie et responsabilité individuelle ? Cet ouvrage compare les politiques d'aide sociale de quatre pays : la Belgique, la Norvège, les Pays-Bas et la République tchèque. Bien qu'à première vue ces pays semblent très différents, ils sont en fait confrontés aux mêmes dilemmes. Certes, l'action au niveau local est indispensable pour identifier et aider les exclus, mais le souci de l'équilibre entre deux exigences -- veiller à ce que des ressources suffisantes soient disponibles au niveau local tout en limitant les budgets de façon à assurer une utilisation efficiente des ressources -- est une préoccupation constante. Les gouvernements sont déterminés à lutter contre la pauvreté, mais des prestations trop élevées pourraient avoir un effet démobilisateur à l'égard du travail. La question de savoir si les bénéficiaires de prestations sont « prêts à occuper un emploi » ou s'il convient d'accroître l'aide sociale reste parfois sujette à controverse chez les divers organismes concernés. Aucun des quatre pays n'a encore trouvé de système qui permette d'éviter l'exclusion, mais tous sont parvenus à en limiter l'étendue grâce à des politiques novatrices.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264266773-fr
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  • 23
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    The Local Dimension of Welfare-to-Work : An International Survey (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174122
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (348 p.)
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Traditional welfare and employment policies have been unable to tackle the problems of high unemployment and exclusion in OECD countries and recently a wave of new approaches has emerged together with new political notions of welfare-to-work. This book describes these new approaches in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, France and the Netherlands. All these countries are relying increasingly on local agencies to design and manage policy to try and ensure that policy solutions meet local needs and to bring to bear local energies, skills and resources. What is the role that local agencies can play? How can they be integrated in effective partnerships? And what policy tools can best be applied? This book gives valuable answers to these questions and shows that governments and practitioners have much to learn from each other on the practicalities of implementing effective welfare-to-work policies. These Proceedings of the Sheffield Conference, held in November 1998 in collaboration with the Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) in the United Kingdom, were prepared by the Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Programme of the OECD's Territorial Development Service.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174122-en
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  • 24
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    Water Management : Performance and Challenges in OECD Countries (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162600
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gestion de l'eau ; Performances et défis dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Goldberg, Eduard Water management
    RVK:
    AR 22000
    RVK:
    QT 600
    Keywords: Wasserversorgung ; Gewässerbelastung ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Abwasserwirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; OECD ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Management
    Abstract: This report examines the progress made in water management in OECD countries in the light of the objectives of Agenda 21. It presents the experience of the OECD programme of environmental performance reviews and focuses on issues of sustainable use of water resources, pollution control and water economics. Environmental performance reviews of Australia, Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States have already been published.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162600-en
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  • 25
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    L' avenir des professions à prédominance féminine (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263697
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Future of Female-dominated Occupations
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Dans tous les pays de l'OCDE, on observe une très forte ségrégation de l'emploi selon le sexe et une très grande concentration de l'emploi féminin sur les mêmes professions : secrétaire, institutrice, infirmière, aide à domicile. Ces professions, dont l'image reste souvent stéréotypée et traditionnelle, sont au coeur des sociétés de l'information et des services : aussi subissent-elles des bouleversements profonds dus aux technologies de l'information, au développement de l'économie du savoir, et au vieillissement de la population. C'est à travers ces transformations que se dessine un enjeu majeur pour l'emploi féminin et l'égalité des sexes sur le marché du travail.Au-delà des forts indices de ségrégation et de concentration qui sont une constante de l'emploi féminin dans tous les pays, les comparaisons internationales révèlent certaines différences dans le statut d'une même profession d'un pays à l'autre. Celles-ci peuvent tenir à la manière dont les professions sont définies ou à l'organisation même des activités et du travail. Comprendre ces différences, c'est se donner les moyens d'identifier les orientations à prendre afin d'ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives de carrière dans les professions à prédominance féminine.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: The future of female-dominated occupations
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263697-fr
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  • 26
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    Maintaining Prosperity in an Ageing Society (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163133
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Préserver la prospérité dans une société vieillissante
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Is ageing a threat to our societies' prosperity? How should resources be shared between the working generation and its dependent older citizens? How should pension, health and long-term care best be reformed? How can older people's contribution to society and economic prosperity be enhanced? Within the next decade, the numbers of retired people in OECD countries will start to grow much faster than those of working age. In the absence of major changes to pension systems and to the way people allocate their time between education, work and leisure, it is likely that fiscal and social strains will start to emerge. Some groups may be unfairly burdened through high taxation and others would face unexpected reductions in their material living standards. The appropriate policy response is multi-faceted, covering fiscal, social, labour market, financial market, health and education policies. An important part of the strategy for maintaining prosperity in an ageing society will involve encouraging people to work longer by making it financially more attractive for them to do so. In turn, this could entail reforms to traditional public pension systems and other social policies, as well as fostering the development of alternatives to public systems that give individuals more flexibility in deciding when to retire. Consequently, financial market infrastructures will need to be strengthened to cope with large increases in private pension fund assets. Through this multi-disciplinary study, the OECD points to the need to take action now by implementing a comprehensive and consistent set of policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163133-en
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  • 27
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    Immigrants, Integration and Cities : Exploring the Links (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162952
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Rapid economic and social change in both inner cities and suburbs has created new challenges for the integration of immigrants and their descendants. What is the role of immigration in urban development and neighbourhood change? What are the impacts of urban change on immigrants and their chances of integration? The history of urban development and the characteristics of immigrant populations -- size, origins, the range of groups represented and their history, length of residence and civic status -- vary across countries. The process of integration may thus vary considerably at different times and for different immigrant groups. This publication analyses in detail the nature and content of policies being implemented to promote the integration of immigrants in urban areas. It examines how the changing socio-economic context in cities may affect immigrants and the advantages and disadvantages of urban concentrations of immigrants, drawing on examples from cities in Australia, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, the United Kingdom and the United States. It also highlights the importance of associating not only immigrants and key local actors, but the concerned wider population as well, in defining and implementing urban development and integration policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162952-en
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  • 28
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    Combattre l'exclusion : L'aide sociale en Australie, en Finlande, au Royaume-Uni et en Suède (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262256
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Battle against Exclusion; Social Assistance in Australia, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Battle against Exclusion: Social Assistance in Australia, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Finland ; Sweden ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Les institutions ayant pour mission d'aider les personnes démunies sont un élément caractéristique de la vie sociale depuis des siècles. Aujourd'hui, les institutions d'aide sociale ont pour objectif d'intégrer et d'encourager ces personnes afin d'éliminer exclusion et stigmatisation. La pauvreté peut fortement éprouver le tissu social. Pourtant, éviter la misère aux personnes sans ressource tout en réduisant l'exclusion et la marginalisation n'est pas chose facile. Comment l'aide sociale peut-elle concilier au mieux ces objectifs et réduire au minimum les effets dissuasifs sur la recherche d'emploi rémunéré ? Que peut-on faire pour promouvoir autonomie et responsabilité individuelle ? Cet ouvrage examine l'efficacité des politiques d'aide sociale dans quatre pays aux niveaux de revenus par habitant comparables : l'Australie, la Finlande, le Royaume-Uni et la Suède. Il compare ces systèmes -- très différents -- de protection sociale et jette un jour nouveau sur des questions telles que l'assurance et l'aide sociales, les systèmes de sécurité sociale nationaux et locaux, les mesures actives et passives. Les interactions souvent complexes qui sont en jeu font l'objet d'analyses, et des enseignements sont tirés des diverses expériences menées dans ces pays. Une attention particulière est accordée aux jeunes, aux chômeurs de longue durée, aux familles monoparentales, aux immigrants et aux demandeurs d'asile. Les conclusions par pays et par thème font une large place aux moyens de supprimer les obstacles à l'activité professionnelle et, en particulier, les effets dissuasifs sur la recherche d'emploi. Ce sont autant d'armes indispensables dans le combat contre l'exclusion.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262256-fr
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  • 29
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    Integrating Distressed Urban Areas (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162884
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Intégrer les quartiers en difficulté
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Davies, Andrew, 1966 - Integrating distressed urban areas
    RVK:
    QY 300
    Keywords: Städtischer Niedergang ; Stadterneuerung ; Wirtschaftsförderung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Stadtviertel ; Unterprivilegierung ; Stadtplanung
    Abstract: Distressed urban areas threaten social cohesion in urban regions, the very centre of our economies. This problem can be traced to no single cause; rather it represents a combination of environmental, economic, social and cultural circumstances that take spatial form in different parts of inner cities and suburbs. Traditional policies have not succeeded in halting the downward spiral that effects these areas because they were unable to address the complex and area-based nature of the problem at the local level. The aim of this study is to describe this phenomenon and analyse policies implemented in OECD countries, so as to come up with multisectoral policies that are better suited to the problems they have to address.Policy objectives include attracting investment, creating jobs, rebuilding sound economic and social foundations and, more generally, combatting the isolation from which distressed urban areas suffer. Different levels of government, civic society and the private sector all have roles to play. There is an urgent need for integrative policies based on reinforcement of the local dimension and on partnerships that bring all the actors together.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162884-en
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  • 30
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    Benefit systems and work incentives (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Benefit systems and work incentives
    Keywords: Sozialpolitik ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Steuerpolitik ; Kausalität ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Sozialer Ertrag ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitskultur ; Arbeitsdisziplin ; Anreiz ; Erde ; OECD ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Einkommenspolitik ; Sozialleistungen
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  • 31
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    Under One Roof : The Integration of Schools and Community Services in OECD Countries (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163423
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Programme on Educational Building - PEB Papers
    DDC: 370
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Recent years have seen a number of initiatives which seek to provide a range of community services on school sites, including adult education and other social and welfare services. These developments aim at co-ordinating more effectively services which are usually provided separately while optimizing the use of increasingly sophisticated and expensive educational buildings and equipment. However, providing integrated services "under one roof" poses a number of practical problems. What is the rationale for integrated service provision? What are the implications for the local authorities, planners and architects in charge of designing school sites that meet new requirements? This report presents the main lessons learned from a conference held in Stockholm, drawing on case studies from Finland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Quebec, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The case studies provide a wealth of examples of solutions to the challenge of optimizing the use of existing schools by better integrating them into local communities and by promoting new synergies with other services.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163423-en
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  • 32
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    L' investissement dans le capital humain : Une comparaison internationale (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262898
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Human Capital Investment; An international Comparison
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Human Capital Investment: An international Comparison
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: L'investissement dans le capital humain se situe au coeur du débat et de l'analyse, en cours dans les pays de l'OCDE, sur les moyens de promouvoir prospérité économique, plein emploi et cohésion sociale. Les individus, les organisations et les pays prennent progressivement conscience que les connaissances, les qualifications et les compétences acquises constituent un atout essentiel pour leur sécurité et leur réussite à venir. L'investissement dans les qualifications et les compétences s'inscrit dans un ensemble diversifié de paramètres allant de l'éducation préscolaire à l'apprentissage informel en entreprise, et fait intervenir une multitude d'acteurs, au nombre desquels les individus, les entreprises et les pouvoirs publics. L'objectif de ce rapport est de mettre en lumière ce que l'on sait aujourd'hui sur le capital humain et sur les moyens de le mesurer. Il répond à la demande des gouvernements représentés au Conseil de l'OCDE de « mettre au point une première série d'indicateurs de l'investissement en capital humain sur la base des données existantes, d'analyser les domaines dans lesquels on manque encore largement de données comparables au niveau international, de déterminer le coût des travaux et de la collecte des données nécessaires à de nouveaux indicateurs de performance et autres mesures et de faire rapport aux ministres en 1998 » .
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262898-fr
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  • 33
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    Agricultural Policy Reform and the Rural Economy in OECD Countries (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162532
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La réforme de la politique agricole et l'économie rurale dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Agricultural policy reform and the rural economy in OECD countries
    DDC: 338.1809177
    RVK:
    QS 700
    RVK:
    ZB 56000
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Agroindustrie ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Fallstudiensammlung ; OECD ; Agrarreform
    Abstract: The socio-economic development of rural areas has become an important issue for agricultural policy design in many OECD countries. Yet there is still a lack of comprehensive analysis of the inter-linkages between the agro-food sector and the rural economy. What consequences have on-going structural changes in agriculture for rural areas? What is the role of agricultural policies? The report, comprising a main report and case studies on Canada, France, Greece, Japan, New Zealand, Norway and Switzerland, addresses these important questions. A key conclusion of the report is that traditional agricultural support policies are increasingly ineffective in accomplishing rural development objectives. Agricultural policy reform can enhance agro-food's contribution to the viable development of rural economies, although the benefits are not immediate. A coherent, well co-ordinated and targeted policy approach aimed at diversification, promotion of high-quality regional products, provision of information, direct payments and public goods would improve the competitiveness of rural areas. How to strike the right balance between the need for greater economic efficiency, and social and environmental concerns in rural areas is a key challenge facing policy makers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162532-en
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  • 34
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    The Environmental Effects of Reforming Agricultural Policies (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162440
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La réforme des politiques agricoles ; Quels effets sur l'environnement ?
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Maier, Leo, 1958 - The environmental effects of reforming agricultural policies
    RVK:
    QS 700
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltbelastung ; Umweltschutz ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; OECD ; Agrarpolitik ; Umweltpolitik ; OECD ; Agrarpolitik ; Reformpolitik ; Umwelt
    Abstract: OECD countries have started to reform their agricultural policies in the last decade. Many countries have also implemented agri-environmental measures that are directly aimed at improving the environment. What are the changes in land use, farming practices and input use resulting from these reforms? What have been the effects on the environment: soils, water, air, biodiversity, wildlife habitat and landscape? How have regional and local conditions influenced the environmental outcomes? To what extent have agri-environmental measures contributed to achieving sustainable agriculture? And how could such measures be made more effective and cost-efficient? Through examining concrete policy experiences from OECD countries, this study concludes that agricultural policy reforms can improve the environment, provided they are accompanied by appropriate environmental measures.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: La réforme des politiques agricoles
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162440-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 35
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    Tax Sparing : A Reconsideration (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162433
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les crédits d'impôt fictif ; Un réexamen de la question
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Tax sparing uudelleenarvioitavana
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Tax sparing
    RVK:
    QM 355
    Keywords: Steuervergünstigung ; Investitionspolitik ; Doppelbesteuerung ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; OECD ; Direktinvestition ; Steuervergütung ; Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen
    Abstract: Tax sparing provisions have now more than four decades of history in bilateral tax treaties, including treaties between OECD countries. But the world of today is quite different from that when the positions of OECD Member and non-member countries towards tax sparing were developed. These changes in the international setting have led countries to reconsider their attitude towards tax sparing and the design of such provisions. This report examines the practices of Member countries and explains why Member countries have become more reluctant to grant tax sparing in treaties. It also provides a number of suggested "best practices" on the design of tax sparing provisions in tax treaties.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Les crédits d'impôt fictif
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162433-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 36
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    Institutional investors in the new financial landscape (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264163069
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Institutional investors in the new financial landscape
    RVK:
    QK 620
    RVK:
    QK 800
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; OECD ; Institutioneller Anleger ; Internationaler Kreditmarkt
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163065-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 37
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    Spotlight on Public Support to Industry (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163577
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les aides publiques à l'industrie au grand jour
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Pretschker, Udo Spotlight on public support to industry
    DDC: 338.94/02/09049 21
    RVK:
    QR 500
    Keywords: Subvention ; Industrieforschung ; Industriepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; EU-Staaten ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Industriepolitik ; Wirtschaftsförderung ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Geschichte 1989-1995
    Abstract: Every year, up to US$45 billion are transferred from public budgets to manufacturing industry through support programmes in OECD countries. It is essential to perceive the significance of such support if we are to understand the role it plays in structural adjustment strategies and the side-effects it can have on trade, competitiveness and investment. In a globalising economy characterised by greater international competitiveness, the need for transparency is becoming increasingly apparent.This study provides the first comprehensive review of public support to industry. It makes use of a unique set of data covering 25 countries to monitor, analyse and evaluate support policies at both the international and the national level. A more in-depth analysis of support programmes is provided through 17 case studies focusing on individual countries. Special attention is also given to support for industrial R&D and for physical and intangible investment. This study shows that, in nearly all OECD countries, efforts must be made to limit the trade distortions that subsidies can produce and to contain public spending on industry support programmes, given the need for fiscal consolidation. This unique study is an invaluable analytical tool that will help us to meet these challenges.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Les aides publiques a l'industrie au grand jour
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163577-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 38
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    The Battle against Exclusion : Social Assistance in Australia, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162259
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combattre l'exclusion ; L'aide sociale en Australie, en Finlande, au Royaume-Uni et en Suède
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combattre l'exclusion
    RVK:
    QX 040
    RVK:
    QX 900
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Finland ; Sweden ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This book examines the performance of social assistance policies in four countries with similar per capita incomes: Australia, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom. It confronts their -- very different -- social protection systems and sheds light on issues such as social insurance and social assistance, central and local social security systems, active and passive policies. The often complex interactions involved are analysed and lessons are drawn from the countries' varied experiences. Particular attention is paid to young people, the long-term unemployed, lone-parent families, immigrants and asylum seekers. Conclusions -- both country-based and thematic -- are presented with a particular emphasis on how barriers and disincentives to employment can be overcome: these are indispensable weapons in the battle against exclusion.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162259-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 39
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    Intégrer les quartiers en difficulté (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262881
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integrating Distressed Urban Areas
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Les quartiers en difficulté lancent au coeur même de nos villes un défi sans précédent à la cohésion de nos sociétés. Ces quartiers n'ont pas une cause unique, ils sont plutôt le résultat d'une combinaison inédite de facteurs à la fois environnementaux, économiques, sociaux et culturels, qui se cristallisent dans une dimension spatiale précise, dans certains centres villes et banlieues. Les politiques traditionnelles n'ont pas réussi à enrayer la spirale descendante qui affecte ces quartiers parce qu'elles étaient incapables d'appréhender la nature à la fois complexe et locale du problème. L'ambition de cette étude est de décrire ce phénomène, à travers l'analyse des politiques menées dans les pays de l'OCDE, afin de proposer des politiques mieux adaptées aux problèmes qu'elles combattent. Comment attirer l'investissement, créer des emplois, reconstruire des bases économiques et sociales saines et,, plus généralement, lutter contre l'exclusion dont sont victimes les quartiers en difficulté ? Les différents niveaux de gouvernement, la société civile et le secteur privé ont leur rôle à jouer. Il est urgent de mettre en place sans attendre des politiques intégrées, fondées sur la réhabiliation de la dimension locale et le partenariat de tous les acteurs concernés.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262881-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 40
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    The Future of Female-dominated Occupations (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163690
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'avenir des professions à prédominance féminine
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development The future of female-dominated occupations
    DDC: 331.4
    RVK:
    QV 221
    Keywords: Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Fraueneinkommen ; Büroberufe ; Lehrkräfte ; Pflegeberufe ; Sozialberufe ; Strukturwandel ; Sozialer Wandel ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Frauenberuf ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Zukunft
    Abstract: In all of the OECD countries, employment is seen to be sharply segregated by gender, with women's employment heavily concentrated in the same occupations: secretaries, primary school teachers, nurses and home helpers. These jobs, whose image has in many cases remained stereotyped and traditional, are at the heart of the information and service economy and have therefore been undergoing far-reaching changes due to information technologies, the development of a knowledge-based economy and population ageing. These transformations represent a major challenge for women's employment and for gender equality in the labour market. Beyond the high segregation and concentration scales which are a constant of women's employment in all countries, international comparisons show that there can be differences in the status of a given occupation from one country to another. These differences can stem from the way in which occupations are defined or from how the relevant activities and work are organised. Understanding these differences is essential to identify ways to promote women's career prospects in female-dominated occupations.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: L'avenir des professions a prédominance féminine
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163690-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 41
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    The Export Credit Arrangement : Achievements and Challenges 1978/1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163867
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Arrangement sur les crédits à l'exportation ; Bilan et objectifs pour l'avenir 1978/1998
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development The export credit arrangement
    DDC: 332.742
    RVK:
    QM 350
    Keywords: 1978-1998 ; Exportkredit ; Exportkreditversicherung ; OECD-Staaten ; Unternehmensethik ; Trade ; OECD ; Welthandel ; Exportkredit
    Abstract: The Arrangement on Guidelines for Officially Supported Export Credits celebrates its twentieth birthday this year. The 'Arrangement', as the Guidelines are usually known, is a unique form of international co-operation: as a 'gentlemen's agreement', it has no formal status in law – and yet it has brought order to the supply of export credits (government subsidies to exporters), thus saving billions of dollars of taxpayers' money. Thanks to the Arrangement, exporters in OECD countries now compete on the basis of quality and price, not according to the degree of support they receive from the state. Progressive improvements in the Arrangement, moreover, have extended its coverage, preventing trade distortion and subsidy in the form of tied aid and unrealistic premium fees. In this collection of essays, past and present negotiators of the Arrangement's guidelines, Presidents and Chief Executives of export credit agencies, international institutions, private-sector players, economists and others involved with the Arrangement from its earliest days chart its evolution – its inception and progressive expansion, the difficulties encountered and problems solved. They examine the sources of the flexibility that has made the Arrangement so successful in adapting to the changing, globalising world economy. Some of the contributions offer candid insights into the closed world of international negotiations. Others document the response of the Arrangement to the growing sophistication of financial and insurance services. All of them shed light on this increasingly important aspect of international trade.This book will be required reading for anyone interested in the world trading system and the role of export credits in particular, in the relationship between trade and aid, and in international co-operation in general.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: L'arrangement sur les crédits à l'exportation 1978/1998
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163867-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 42
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    Fostering entrepreneurship (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264163719
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: The OECD Jobs Strategy
    Series Statement: The OECD jobs strategy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Fostering entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Stimuler l'esprit d'enterprise
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stimuler l'esprit d'entreprise
    RVK:
    RL 60660
    RVK:
    RQ 10660
    RVK:
    QP 230
    RVK:
    QP 380
    Keywords: Intrapreneuring ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Osteuropa ; Unternehmensgründung ; OECD ; Unternehmensgründung ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Unternehmensgründung ; Öffentliche Förderung
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163713-en
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  • 43
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    Human Capital Investment : An international Comparison (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162891
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'investissement dans le capital humain ; Une comparaison internationale
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'investissement dans le capital humain : Une comparaison internationale
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Investment in human capital is to the fore of debate and analysis in OECD countries about how to promote economic prosperity, fuller employment, and social cohesion. Individuals, organisations and nations increasingly recognise that high levels of knowledge, skills and competencies are essential to their future security and success. Investment in skills and competencies takes place in a variety of settings ranging from early childhood education to informal learning in the workplace, and involves a wide range of actors from individuals to enterprises and governments. This report aims to clarify what is now known about human capital and how it can be measured. It responds to a request by governments represented in the OECD Council "to develop an initial set of indicators of human capital investment based on existing data, analyse areas where significant gaps remain in internationally comparable data, identify the cost of development of data collection for new measures and performance indicators, and report to Ministers in 1998".
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162891-en
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  • 44
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    Societal Cohesion and the Globalising Economy : What Does the Future Hold? (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163874
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: As economic globalisation runs its seemingly relentless course, the demands on OECD economies' flexibility are set to increase still further in the years to come. What kind of society will be able to cope with these pressures? How much and what kinds of adaptability will be required of individuals, institutions and enterprises? What forces will hold OECD societies together in an environment shaped by intense international competition and fast-moving technological change? This publication looks into the prospects for societal cohesion in tomorrow's world. It assesses the long-run implications of continuing with the current set of policies, and examines ideas that may help societies strike a sustainable balance between economic flexibility and a cohesive social fabric.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163874-en
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  • 45
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    Préserver la prospérité dans une société vieillissante (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263130
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Maintaining Prosperity in an Ageing Society
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Le vieillissement des populations menace-t-il la prospérité de nos sociétés ? Comment les ressources devraient-elles être réparties entre la génération des actifs et les personnes âgées qui en dépendent ? Comment réformer au mieux les systèmes de retraite, de santé et de soins de longue durée ? Comment mettre en valeur la contribution des personnes âgées à la société et à la prospérité économique ? D'ici dix ans, le nombre des retraités commencera de croître beaucoup plus vite que celui des personnes d'âge actif dans les pays de l'OCDE. Si des changements fondamentaux n'interviennent pas dans les systèmes de retraite et dans la répartition du temps entre formation, travail et temps libre, des tensions budgétaires et sociales risquent de se faire jour. Certains groupes pourraient être injustement soumis à une lourde fiscalité alors que d'autres constateraient une dégradation inattendue de leur niveau de vie. Pour qu'elle soit pertinente, la réponse des pouvoirs publics doit être diversifiée, et faire intervenir les politiques budgétaires et sociales, mais aussi les politiques du marché du travail, de la santé et de l'éducation. Encourager les gens à travailler plus longtemps, en rendant financièrement plus intéressante la poursuite d'une activité, est au coeur de la stratégie à mettre en oeuvre pour préserver la prospérité dans une société vieillissante. Sans doute faudra-t-il aussi réformer les systèmes publics de retraite traditionnels et les autres politiques sociales et encourager le développement de formules destinées à remplacer les systèmes de retraite publics et donnant aux individus plus de souplesse pour planifier leur départ en retraite. L'infrastructure des marchés financiers devra par conséquent être renforcée pour absorber la forte augmentation des avoirs détenus par les fonds de pension privés. A travers cette étude pluridisciplinaire, l'OCDE souligne la nécessité d'agir dès à présent en mettant en place un train de politiques cohérent et complet.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263130-fr
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  • 46
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    Migration, Free Trade and Regional Integration in North America (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163812
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Trade liberalisation is necessary but not sufficient to provide the conditions under which migration flows are significantly reduced. Co-ordinated measures must therefore be undertaken to promote technological catch-up, the development of physical infrastructure and investment in human capital. Against a background of sustained development accompanied by significant employment creation, the incentive to emigrate could decline. This publication explores the links between trade liberalisation and migration movements in North America and discusses the issue of whether the free circulation of persons accompany the successive stages of regional economic integration or whether it is an important objective to be achieved only once economic convergence has reached a sufficiently high level. The authors conclude that restrictions on movement are likely to continue into the future and that the lack of free movement does not constitute an obstacle to regional economic integration. Within this context, the need for balanced migration policies which take account of concerns about the economic consequences and social welfare of both sending and receiving countries will remain on the agenda for the foreseeable future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163812-en
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  • 47
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    Adjustment in OECD Agriculture : Reforming Farmland Policies (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162617
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ajustement du secteur agricole des pays de l'OCDE ; Réformer les politiques foncières agricoles
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Adjustment in OECD agriculture
    DDC: 338.18
    RVK:
    QS 700
    RVK:
    QS 000
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Landwirtschaftliche Immobilien ; Bodenmarkt ; Agrarsubvention ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; OECD ; Transferzahlung ; Landwirtschaftliches Einkommen
    Abstract: This book brings together two studies both related to the very important issue of land: it examines the way in which agricultural and other policies affect how it changes hands, its value and use patterns. The first study looks at policies affecting farmland mobility and calls for an easing of regulations to allow the agricultural sector to be more responsive to market forces. The second study shows that agricultural support is often capitalised into land and other asset values. As a result there is strong resistance to policy reform, entry into the agricultural sector is difficult and the recipients of benefits are not always those intended when the policies were put in place.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162617-en
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