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  • 2010-2014  (63)
  • 1995-1999  (29)
  • 1985-1989  (9)
  • OECD  (101)
  • Trade  (101)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trade Policy in Asia: Higher Education and Media Services (2014)
    Singapore : World Scientific
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264215061
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 p.)
    Keywords: Education ; Trade
    Abstract: Education and media services both provide services that embody local cultures, in which there is extensive public sector participation and significant domestic regulation. At the same time, they are dramatically affected by the information and communication technology revolution. The production of information content now involves huge costs in terms of research and development or artistic talent, while the cost of making such products available to other consumers is very low. This in turn challenges the effectiveness of domestic regulation and raises fundamental questions about its purpose, calling for an increased scope for international trade and investment, and the development of supply chains. This book provides readers with a comprehensive and consistent treatment of policy in the higher education and media services sector across a range of Asian economies little studied in the existing literature. It gives an overview of global trends in each area, followed by detailed, country-specific studies. Through comparative work, it identifies common elements across these sectors and highlights critical implications for trade policy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264215061-en
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Economies interconnectées : Comment tirer parti des chaînes de valeur mondiales (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264201842
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (290 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Interconnected Economies; Benefiting from Global Value Chains
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Cette publication examine comment les chaînes de valeur mondiales ont évolué et les défis politiques qu'elles ont engendrés.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264201842-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regional Perspectives on Aid for Trade (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264216037
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Regional perspectives on aid for trade
    DDC: 338.91091724
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfekonditionen ; Welt ; Development ; Trade ; Bericht ; Weltwirtschaft ; Welthandel
    Abstract: Deepening economic integration via regional co-operation has emerged as a key priority in the reform strategies of most developing economies over the past decade. This is evidenced by the explosive growth in bilateral and regional trading agreements in which they now participate. Regional aid for trade can help developing countries spur regional economic integration, enhance competitiveness, and plug into regional production networks. Based on a rich set of experiences regarding regional aid for trade projects and programmes, the study finds that regional aid for trade offers great potential as a catalyst for growth, development and poverty reduction. The study recommends greater emphasis on regional aid for trade as a means of improving regional economic integration and development prospects. While regional aid for trade faces many practical implementation challenges, experience has shown that associated problems are not insurmountable but do require thorough planning, careful project formulation, and prioritization on the part of policy makers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264216037-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interconnected Economies : Benefiting from Global Value Chains (Chinese version) (2014)
    Beijing : Ministry of Commerce. Policy Research Department
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174443
    Language: Chinese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Interconnected Economies; Benefiting from Global Value Chains
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Économies interconnectées ; Comment tirer parti des chaînes de valeur mondiales
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174443-zh
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trade in value classified by sections of SITC (Edition 2014) (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Quarterly International Trade Statistics
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Commerce en valeur par sections de la CTCI (Édition 2014)
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset provides data on imports and exports classified into ten major groups and the total according to the Standard International Trade Classification Revision 3 (SITC Rev. 3). Data are expressed in million US dollars as monthly averages, whereas quarterly and annual data are calculated as averages of monthly figures and available from 1955 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/data-00280-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Solde commercial et taux de couverture (Édition 2014) (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Statistiques trimestrielles de l'OCDE du commerce international
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Net trade and coverage ratio (Edition 2014)
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: Cet ensemble de données comprend des indicateurs calculés mensuellement: le solde commercial, exportations moins importations, et le taux de couverture. Les séries sont publiées à la fois avant et après ajustements des variations saisonnières et couvrent tous les biens qui s’ajoutent ou se soustraient aux ressources d’un pays du fait de leur transfert vers ou depuis le pays. Les données sont exprimées en millions de dollars des ÉU et correspondent à des moyennes mensuelles alors que les données trimestrielles et annuelles sont des moyennes de données mensuelles. Les données sont disponible à partir de 1990.
    DOI: 10.1787/data-00277-fr
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Commerce en valeur par sections de la CTCI (Édition 2014) (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Statistiques trimestrielles de l'OCDE du commerce international
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Trade in value classified by sections of SITC (Edition 2014)
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: Cet ensemble de données présente les importations et les exportations classées suivant les sections de la Classification Type du Commerce International Révision 3 (CTCI Rév. 3). Les données sont exprimées en millions de dollars des ÉU et correspondent à des moyennes mensuelles. Les valeurs trimestrielles et annuelles sont la moyenne des données mensuelles correspondantes. Les données sont disponibles à partir de 1955.
    DOI: 10.1787/data-00280-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Net trade and coverage ratio (Edition 2014) (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Quarterly International Trade Statistics
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Solde commercial et taux de couverture (Édition 2014)
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset includes monthly calculated indicators: net trade, exports less imports, and coverage ratio. The series show both raw and seasonally adjusted data which cover all goods which add to, or subtract from, the resources of a country as a result of their movement into or out of the country. Data are expressed in million US dollars as monthly averages, whereas quarterly and annual data are calculated as averages of monthly figures. Data are available from 1990 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/data-00277-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aid for Trade and Development Results : A Management Framework (2013)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264112537
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Aid for trade and development results
    Keywords: Außenhandel ; Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsstrategie ; Entwicklungsländer ; Bangladesch ; Ghana ; Vietnam ; Ruanda ; Kolumbien ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Fairer Handel ; Wirkung ; Auswirkung ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Entwicklungsmodell ; Salomonen Bangladesch ; Ghana ; Vietnam ; Ruanda ; Kolumbien ; Auslands- und Entwicklungshilfe ; Handelshilfe ; Wirkung/Auswirkung ; Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung ; Sozioökonomische Entwicklung ; Entwicklungspolitische Strategie ; Solomon Islands Bangladesh ; Rwanda ; Colombia ; Foreign and development aid ; Trade aid ; Effects/consequences ; Economic development ; Socio-economic development ; Development policy strategies ; Ergebnis/Bilanz Effizienz/Effektivität ; Results/outcomes Efficiency/Efficacy ; Development ; Trade ; Salomonen ; Bangladesch ; Vietnam ; Ruanda ; Kolumbien
    Abstract: This study presents a tool to help design logical frameworks for results-based management of aid for trade. What are donors and partner countries trying to achieve? Three different levels of possible objectives (i.e. direct, intermediate and final) are explored. Trade is treated as an intermediate objective, serving as a transmission mechanism, with an increase in the value for trade as the final objective. Six case studies - Bangladesh, Colombia, Ghana, Rwanda, Solomon Islands and Viet Nam - provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges involved in introducing a tool for managing results in an agenda that covers a broad area of interventions that are aimed at building trade-related supply side capacities.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264112537-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inventory of Estimated Budgetary Support and Tax Expenditures for Fossil Fuels 2013 (2013)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264187610
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (440 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Inventory of estimated budgetary support and tax expenditures for fossil fuels 2013
    RVK:
    MK 5215
    RVK:
    PP 8105
    RVK:
    QR 730
    Keywords: Fossile Energie ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Steuervergünstigung ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Taxation ; Trade ; OECD ; Energiepolitik ; Steuervergünstigung
    Abstract: This Inventory is concerned with direct budgetary transfers and tax expenditures that relate to fossil fuels, regardless of their impact or of the purpose for which the measures were first put in place. It has been undertaken as an exercise in transparency, and to inform the international dialogue on fossil-fuel subsidy reform. For each of the 34 OECD countries covered, the Inventory provides a succinct summary of its energy economy, and of the budgetary and tax-related measures provided at the central-government level (and, in the case of federal countries, for selected sub-national units of government) relating to fossil-fuel production or consumption. The transfers associated with these measures are reported for recent years using the Producer Support Estimate (PSE) and Consumer Support Estimate (CSE) as organising frameworks. These frameworks have already been used extensively by the OECD, most notably in respect of agriculture. The Inventory covers a wide range of measures that provide a benefit or preference for a particular activity or a particular product, either in absolute terms or relative to other activities or products, against a specified baseline. Many measures listed in this inventory are relative preferences within a particular country’s tax system rather than absolute support that can be readily compared across countries, and for that reason no national totals are provided.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264187610-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Succeeding with Trade Reforms : The Role of Aid for Trade (2013)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264201200
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Succeeding with trade reforms
    Keywords: Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Außenhandel ; Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Uganda ; Aserbaidschan ; Development ; Trade
    Abstract: Succeeding with Trade Reforms: The Role of Aid for Trade highlights the potential of aid for trade to boost economic growth and reduce poverty, while discussing the various reasons why it may not be realised. In so doing, this book draws lessons for the design of aid-for-trade projects and programmes and for increasing their effectiveness. Building on this analysis, the book also quantifies the binding constraints to trade in developing countries and the importance of complementary and compatible policies (such as education, governance, business environment and macroeconomic stability) to maximise the impact of trade reforms on trade and economic growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264201200-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Linee Guida dell'OCSE sui prezzi di trasferimento per le imprese multinazionali e le amministrazioni fiscali, Luglio 2010 (2013)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264189904
    Language: Italian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (415 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de l'OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert à l'intention des entreprises multinationales et des administrations fiscales 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Verrechnungspreisleitlinien für multinationale Unternehmen und Steuerverwaltungen 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Directrices de la OCDE aplicables en materia de precios de transferencia a empresas multinacionales y administraciones tributarias 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD transzferár irányelvek a multinacionális vállalkozások es az adóhatóságok számára - 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010; (Slovenian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010; (Serbian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010; (Ukrainian version)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Le Linee Guida dell’OCSE sui prezzi di trasferimento per le imprese multinazionali e le amministrazioni fiscali forniscono orientamenti sull'applicazione del "principio di libera concorrenza", che è il principio riconosciuto a livello internazionale sul quale si basa il regime del transfer pricing, cioè la valutazione, a fini fiscali, delle transazioni transfrontaliere tra imprese associate. In un'economia globale nella quale le imprese multinazionali hanno un ruolo significativo, il regime dei prezzi di trasferimento assume un'importanza prioritaria sia per le amministrazioni fiscali sia per i contribuenti. Gli Stati devono assicurarsi che gli utili imponibili delle multinazionali non siano artificialmente trasferiti in un altro Paese e che la base imponibile dichiarata dalle multinazionali nei loro rispettivi Paesi corrisponda alla loro attività economica reale. È essenziale, inoltre, che i contribuenti vedano ridotti i rischi di doppia imposizione economica legati a un contenzioso tra due Paesi sulla determinazione della remunerazione a valori di mercato delle transazioni transfrontaliere con imprese associate. La versione originale delle Linee Guida dell’OCSE sui prezzi di trasferimento è stata approvata dal Consiglio dell'OCSE nel 1995. Le Linee Guida sono poi state parzialmente aggiornate nel 2009, in primo luogo per integrare le modifiche introdotte nel 2008 al Modello di Convenzione fiscale OCSE riguardanti il nuovo paragrafo 5 dell'articolo 25 in materia di arbitrato e il commentario dell'articolo 25 sull'uso della procedura amichevole per risolvere le controversie tributarie internazionali. Nell'edizione del 2010 sono state apportate notevoli revisioni ai capitoli I, II e III, introducendo nuovi orientamenti sulla scelta del metodo più appropriato alle circostanze del caso per la determinazione dei prezzi di trasferimento, sull'applicazione pratica dei metodi basati sull'utile delle transazioni (il metodo del margine netto della transazione e il metodo di ripartizione dell'utile) e sulla performance dell'analisi di comparabilità. È stato inoltre aggiunto un nuovo capitolo IX che presenta gli aspetti delle riorganizzazioni aziendali relativi ai prezzi di trasferimento. Notevoli cambiamenti sono stati anche apportati in tutti gli altri capitoli delle Linee Guida dell’OCSE sui prezzi di trasferimento.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264189904-it
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aid for Trade in Action (2013)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264201453
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Aid for trade in action
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Außenhandel ; Außenwirtschaftsförderung ; Welt ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Fairer Handel ; Liberalisierung ; Außenhandel ; Marktzugang ; Wettbewerbsfähigkeit ; Entwicklung ; Unterentwicklung ; Ursache ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Development ; Trade ; Entwicklungsländer
    Abstract: History has shown that openness to trade is a key ingredient for economic success and for improved living standards. But simply opening the economy to international trade is not enough. Developing countries – especially the least developed – require help in building their trade-related capacities in terms of information, policies, procedures, institutions and infrastructure, so as to compete effectively in the global economy. Aid for trade aims to help countries overcome the supply-side constraints that inhibit their ability to benefit from market access opportunities. The almost 300 case stories show clear results of how aid-for-trade programmes are helping developing countries to build human, institutional and infrastructure capacity to integrate into regional and global markets and to make good use of trade opportunities. Together, these stories are a rich and varied source of information on the results of aid for trade activities – an indication of the progress achieved by the Aid-for-Trade Initiative.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264201453-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010 : (Ukrainian version) (2013)
    Kiev-53 : State Tax Service of Ukraine
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264196438
    Language: Ukrainian
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de l'OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert à l'intention des entreprises multinationales et des administrations fiscales 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Verrechnungspreisleitlinien für multinationale Unternehmen und Steuerverwaltungen 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010; (Slovenian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010; (Serbian version)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196438-uk
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interconnected Economies : Benefiting from Global Value Chains (Preliminary version) (2013)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264189560
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Interconnected economies
    RVK:
    QM 230
    Keywords: Internationale Wirtschaft ; Internationale Produktion ; Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; Welt ; Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Wirtschaftskooperation ; Wertschöpfungskette ; Nichttarifäres Handelshemmnis ; Liberalisierung ; Außenhandel ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Erde ; Welt ; Globalisierung ; Weltwirtschaft ; Außenhandelspolitik ; Wertschöpfung
    Abstract: Global Value Chains (GVCs) have exploded in the past decade and refer to the international dispersion of design, production, assembly, marketing and distribution of services, activities, and products. Different stages in the production process are increasingly located across different economies, and intermediate inputs like parts and components are produced in one country and then exported to other countries for further production and/or assembly into final products. The functional and spatial fragmentation that has occurred within GVCs has significantly reshaped the global economic landscape, thereby raising some new major policy challenges for OECD countries and emerging countries alike: trade policy, competitiveness, upgrading and innovation and the management of global systemic risk.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264189560-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Directrices de la OCDE aplicables en materia de precios de transferencia a empresas multinacionales y administraciones tributarias 2010 (2013)
    Madrid : Instituto de Estudios Fiscales IEF, Spain
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264202191
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de l'OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert à l'intention des entreprises multinationales et des administrations fiscales 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Verrechnungspreisleitlinien für multinationale Unternehmen und Steuerverwaltungen 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linee Guida dell'OCSE sui prezzi di trasferimento per le imprese multinazionali e le amministrazioni fiscali, Luglio 2010; (Italian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010; (Slovenian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010; (Serbian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010; (Ukrainian version)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Las Directrices de la OCDE aplicables en materia de precios de transferencia a empresas multinacionales y administraciones tributarias ofrecen pautas para la aplicación del “principio de plena competencia” que constituye el consenso internacional sobre los precios de transferencia, es decir, sobre la valoración, a efectos fiscales, de las operaciones internacionales entre empresas asociadas. En una economía globalizada en la que las empresas multinacionales desempeñan un papel preponderante, los precios de transferencia ocupan un lugar destacado en la agenda tanto de las administraciones tributarias como de los contribuyentes. Los gobiernos necesitan asegurarse de que las rentas imponibles de las multinacionales no se desvían artificialmente fuera de sus jurisdicciones y de que la base imponible que declaran las multinacionales en sus respectivos países refleja la actividad económica efectuada en cada uno de ellos. Para los contribuyentes, es esencial limitar el riesgo de la doble imposición económica que puede tener su origen en una controversia entre dos países respecto de la determinación de la contraprestación de plena competencia correspondiente a sus operaciones internacionales con empresas asociadas. Las Directrices de la OCDE aplicables en materia de precios de transferencia recibieron la aprobación del Consejo en su versión original en 1995. En 2009 se llevó a cabo una pequeña actualización tendente básicamente a reflejar la adopción de un nuevo apartado 5 en el artículo 25 en la actualización del Modelo de Convenio Tributario de 2008 que trata sobre el arbitraje, así como los cambios efectuados en los comentarios a dicho artículo 25 referidos a los procedimientos amistosos para la resolución de controversias fiscales de ámbito internacional. En la edición de 2010 se ha procedido a una importante revisión de los Capítulos I a III, en los que se ofrecen nuevas pautas para la selección del método de determinación de precios de transferencia más apropiado en función de la casuística, sobre la aplicación práctica de los métodos basados en el resultado de las operaciones (el método del margen neto operacional y el método de distribución del resultado) y el funcionamiento de los análisis de comparabilidad. Se ha añadido, además, un nuevo Capítulo IX que trata aquellos aspectos de las reestructuraciones empresariales que están relacionados con cuestiones de precios de transferencia. A lo largo de todas las Directrices de la OCDE aplicables en materia de precios de transferencia se han efectuado cambios tendentes a dotarlas de coherencia.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264202191-es
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bilateral trade in intermediate goods and services (Edition 2013) (2013)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on Measuring Globalisation
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains data of bilateral flows of intermediate inputs import values estimates based on a combination of trade statistics with input-output(I/O) for 40 importing countries and for about 240 supplier countries or regions broken down into 29 economic sectors following the underlying International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC rev.3). Imports of intermediate inputs are presented by country of use, country of supply, sector of use and sector of supply. Data are presented on 5 year interval datapoints and are available starting from 1995.
    DOI: 10.1787/d5c11ca4-en
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Illegal Trade in Environmentally Sensitive Goods (2012)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174238
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Illegal trade in environmentally sensitive goods
    Keywords: Illegaler Handel ; Außenhandel ; Naturschutz ; Environment ; Trade ; Welthandel ; Illegalität ; Umweltkrise
    Abstract: Illegal trade in environmentally sensitive goods, such as threatened wildlife, timber, hazardous waste, and ozone-depleting substances, has been a long-standing issue in the international trade and environment agenda. The nature of such illegal trade makes it difficult to fully understand its extent and impact on the environment. Developing effective policies to reduce illegal trade requires a clear understanding of what drives this trade and the circumstances under which it thrives. In this report, evidence-based on customs data and information from licensing schemes is used to document the scale of illegal trade, as well as the economic and environmental impacts of such trade. National and international policies have an important role to play in regulating and reducing illegal trade and the report highlights a range of measures that can be taken at both levels.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174238-en
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  • 19
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    Online Resource
    Inventory of Estimated Budgetary Support and Tax Expenditures for Fossil Fuels (2012)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264128736
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (368 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Inventory of estimated budgetary support and tax expenditures for fossil fuels
    Keywords: Fossile Energie ; Energiepolitik ; Öffentliche Ausgaben ; Steuervergünstigung ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Taxation ; Trade ; OECD ; Energiepolitik ; Steuervergünstigung
    Abstract: This publication provides preliminary, quantitative estimates of direct budgetary support and tax expenditures supporting the production or consumption of fossil fuels in selected OECD member countries. The information has been compiled as part of the OECD’s programme of work to develop a better understanding of environmentally harmful subsidies (EHS). It has been undertaken as an exercise in transparency, and to inform the international dialogue on fossil-fuel subsidy reform. It is also intended to inform the ongoing efforts of G20 nations to reform fossil-fuel subsidies. For each of the 24 OECD countries covered, the Inventory provides a succinct summary of its energy economy, and of the budgetary and tax-related measures provided at the central-government level (and, in the case of federal countries, for selected sub-national units of government) relating to fossil-fuel production or consumption. Many measures listed in this inventory are relative preferences within a particular country’s tax system rather than absolute support that can be readily compared across countries, and for that reason no national totals are provided.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264128736-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 20
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    Online Resource
    Livestock Diseases : Prevention, Control and Compensation Schemes (2012)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264178762
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Trade
    Abstract: This report is an overview of the management of risk due to livestock diseases, a potentially catastrophic type of risk that can have strong external effects given its links to the food chain and to human health. Animal disease, primarily in farmed livestock, has long been a policy concern for food safety reasons and the high economic losses it can engender. The globalisation of trade and human movement, and sensitivities to food safety, enhance the relevance and complexity of disease control for terrestrial livestock. Outbreaks – or even rumours of an outbreak – can result in widespread consumer alarm, disruption of trade, and severe effects on incomes, not to mention the human cost of illnesses and deaths arising from animal disease.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264178762-en
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  • 21
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    OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010 : (Slovenian version) (2012)
    Ljubljana : Ministry of Finance, Slovenia
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264190405
    Language: Slovenian
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de l'OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert à l'intention des entreprises multinationales et des administrations fiscales 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Verrechnungspreisleitlinien für multinationale Unternehmen und Steuerverwaltungen 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010; (Serbian version)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Smernice OECD za dolo čanje transfernih cen za mednarodna podjetja in dav čne uprave prinašajo smernice za uporabo “neodvisnega tržnega načela”, ki je mednarodni konsenz za dolo čanje transfernih cen, to pomeni, za vrednotenje č ezmejnih transakcij med povezanimi podjetji za davčne namene. V globalnem gospodarstvu, v katerem igrajo pomembno vlogo mednarodna podjetja, je tematika transfernih cen visoko na dnevnem redu tako dav čnih uprav kot dav čnih zavezancev. Države morajo zagotoviti, da se obdavčljivi dobički mednarodnih podjetij ne umetno preselijo iz obmo čij, ki sodijo pod njihovo pristojnost, in da dav čna osnova, ki jo v svojih državah izkažejo mednarodna podjetja, odraža gospodarske aktivnosti, ki so jih v državi opravila. Za dav čne zavezance je bistveno, da se omeji tveganje dvojne obdav čitve, ki je lahko posledica spora med dvema državama glede dolo čitve plačila po neodvisnem tržnem na čelu za njihove čezmejne transakcije med povezanimi podjetji. Svet OECD je leta 1995 odobril izvirno razli čico Smernic OECD za določanje transfernih cen. Omejena posodobljena različica je bila pripravljena leta 2009, predvsem zato, da bi zajela posodobitev Vzor čne davčne konvencije iz leta 2008, novega petega odstavka 25. člena, ki obravnava arbitražo, in spremembe Komentarja k 25. členu o postopkih skupnega dogovora za reševanje čezmejnih davčnih sporov. V izdaji iz leta 2010 je prišlo do pomembnih sprememb v I., II. in III. poglavju, zagotovljene so bile nove smernice za izbiro najprimernejše metode za dolo čanje transfernih cen glede na okoliš čine primera, praktično uporabo metod transakcijskega dobička (metoda stopnje čistega dobička in metoda porazdelitve dobička) in za izvajanje primerjalne analize oz. analize primerljivosti. Poleg tega je bil dodano novo IX. poglavje o vidikih transfernih cen pri preoblikovanju poslovanja. V preostalem delu Smernic OECD za določanje transfernih cen so bile narejene spremembe, ki jih je narekovala uskladitev gradiva.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264190405-sl
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD transzferár irányelvek a multinacionális vállalkozások es az adóhatóságok számára - 2010 (2012)
    dfhdfh : Training Centre of the Chamber of Hungarian Auditors
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264216631
    Language: Hungarian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (402 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de l'OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert à l'intention des entreprises multinationales et des administrations fiscales 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Verrechnungspreisleitlinien für multinationale Unternehmen und Steuerverwaltungen 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Directrices de la OCDE aplicables en materia de precios de transferencia a empresas multinacionales y administraciones tributarias 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linee Guida dell'OCSE sui prezzi di trasferimento per le imprese multinazionali e le amministrazioni fiscali, Luglio 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010; (Slovenian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010; (Serbian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010; (Ukrainian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Directrices de la OCDE aplicables en materia de precios de transferencia a empresas multinacionales y administraciones tributarias 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Linee Guida dell'OCSE sui prezzi di trasferimento per le imprese multinazionali e le amministrazioni fiscali, Luglio 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010: (Serbian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010: (Slovenian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010: (Ukrainian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: OECD-Verrechnungspreisleitlinien für multinationale Unternehmen und Steuerverwaltungen 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Principes de l'OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert à l'intention des entreprises multinationales et des administrations fiscales 2010
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264216631-hu
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  • 23
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    Harmonised System 2012 (Edition 2021) (2012)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification. Data are expressed in US dollars and are available from 2012 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/2c43c99a-en
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  • 24
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    Online Resource
    Trade in services: national classification items (Edition 2012) (2012)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains additional national data on international trade in services for Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Turkey and the United States. The data are reported within the framework of the fifth and sixth editions of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual and the Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification (EBOPS 2002 and EBOPS 2010), which is consistent with the balance of payments classification but is more detailed. Series are shown in US dollars and are recorded from 1970 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/c4272bb9-en
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Harmonised System 2012 (2012)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Système Harmonisé 2012
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification. Data are expressed in US dollars and are available from 2012 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/data-00739-en
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  • 26
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    Online Resource
    Harmonised System 2012 (Edition 2017) (2012)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification, of which Harmonized System 2012 is the most recent. Data are expressed in US dollars and are available from 2012 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/b7ffa8e4-en
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  • 27
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    Online Resource
    Harmonised System 2012 (Edition 2019) (2012)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification. Data are expressed in US dollars and are available from 2012 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/a724d3bc-en
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  • 28
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    Online Resource
    Harmonised System 2012 (Edition 2015) (2012)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification, of which Harmonized System 2012 is the most recent. Data are expressed in US dollars and are available from 2012 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/c21bc365-en
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  • 29
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    Online Resource
    Harmonised System 2012 (Edition 2016) (2012)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification, of which Harmonized System 2012 is the most recent. Data are expressed in US dollars and are available from 2012 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/6a608f64-en
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  • 30
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    Online Resource
    Harmonised System 2012 (Edition 2018) (2012)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification. Data are expressed in US dollars and are available from 2012 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/5104e18e-en
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  • 31
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    Harmonised System 2012 (Edition 2020) (2012)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification. Data are expressed in US dollars and are available from 2012 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/a4a6bb50-en
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  • 32
    Online Resource
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    Système Harmonisé 2012 (2012)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Statistiques du commerce international par produit
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Harmonised System 2012
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: Cette base de données comprend les valeurs et les quantités des importations et des exportations par pays partenaires et par produit ou par industrie. Les produits sont disponibles au niveau de détail le plus fin du Système Harmonisé 2012. Les données sont exprimées en dollars EU et à partir de 2012.
    DOI: 10.1787/data-00739-fr
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  • 33
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    Policy Priorities for International Trade and Jobs (2012)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264180178
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (450 p)
    Keywords: Employment ; Trade
    Abstract: Launched and co-ordinated by the OECD, the International Collaborative Initiative on Trade and Employment (ICITE) is a two-year old joint undertaking of ten international organisations. Under ICITE, a broad research agenda focusing on the interaction between trade and employment has been implemented. This book brings together some of the results of that research. Opening with an overview chapter from the OECD, the book continues with papers covering 1)trade, wages and employment, 2) trade and services, 3) trade and working conditions, and 4) regional trade perspectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264180178-en
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  • 34
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    Strengthening Accountability in Aid for Trade (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264123212
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Strengthening accountability in aid for trade
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Kapitalhilfe ; Zweckbindung ; Außenhandel ; Internationale Kooperation ; Evaluation ; Fallstudie ; Global Auslands- und Entwicklungshilfe ; Finanzielle Auslandshilfe ; Gebundene Auslandshilfe ; Internationaler Handel ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Evaluation ; Fallstudie ; Vietnam ; Ghana ; Development ; Trade ; Erde ; Vietnam
    Abstract: At a time when aid budgets are under pressure and scrutiny, there is a need to improve accountability. This is especially true in the case of aid for trade, which has become an increasingly important priority in development co-operation. Strengthening Accountability in Aid for Trade looks at what the trade and development community needs to know about aid-for-trade results, what past evaluations of programmes and projects reveal about trade outcomes and impacts, and how the trade and development community could improve the performance of aid for trade interventions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264123212-en
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  • 35
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    Globalisation, Comparative Advantage and the Changing Dynamics of Trade (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264113084
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (348 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Globalisation, comparative advantage and the changing dynamics of trade
    DDC: 382
    Keywords: Globalisierung ; Komparativer Vorteil ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Globalisierung ; Welthandel
    Abstract: The effects of globalisation have been at the forefront of public debate in recent years, fuelled on the one hand by the large benefits of integrated markets, and on the other hand, by the detrimental adjustment effects often experienced by many economies as a result. Knowing how trade has been evolving over time and the role policy has played in this evolution are critical to understanding the globalisation debate and grasping the lessons for future policy development. The comparative advantage hypothesis has been suggested as one of the principal explanations of international trade and of the benefits associated with openness. It has also provided the intellectual underpinnings for most trade policy in the past 50 years. This book collects OECD work that builds on recent contributions to the theory and empirics of comparative advantage, putting particular emphasis on the role policy can play in shaping trade.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264113084-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 36
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    OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010 : (Serbian version) (2011)
    Belgrade : Serbian Fiscal Society
    Details
    ISBN: 9788691513702
    Language: Serbian
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de l'OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert à l'intention des entreprises multinationales et des administrations fiscales 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Verrechnungspreisleitlinien für multinationale Unternehmen und Steuerverwaltungen 2010
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    DOI: 10.1787/9788691513702-sr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 37
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    OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation: Basque Country, Spain 2011 (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264097377
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (137 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of regional innovation
    DDC: 338/.06409466
    Keywords: Regionalpolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Baskenland ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Spain ; Baskenland ; Innovationsförderung ; Regionalpolitik
    Abstract: The Basque Country region in Spain is world renowned for a successful industrial transformation, the urban regeneration of Bilbao, cultural distinctiveness, unique governance arrangements and high wealth levels. Over the last 30 years, the region has implemented its science, technology and innovation (STI) policy driven by a need to boost industrial competitiveness. The role of total factor productivity and innovation in driving growth was significant in the 1990s and declined in the early part of this decade, but appears to be on the rise again thanks in part to significant increases in public and private investment in innovation. The Basque Country has begun a transition from a model of incremental innovation in manufacturing to a model increasingly based on science and other forms of knowledge. Through a diagnostic of the innovation system and the policy mix, the review offers some policy and governance recommendations to achieve the region’s desired transition in light of global trends in the innovation process and innovation policy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264097377-en
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  • 38
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    Trade for Growth and Poverty Reduction : How Aid for Trade Can Help (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264098978
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trade for growth and poverty reduction
    Keywords: Wirtschaftswachstum ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Armut ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungsländer ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Fairer Handel ; Außenhandelspolitik ; Entwicklungsmodell ; Weltmarkt ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Armut ; Bekämpfung ; Development ; Trade ; Entwicklungsländer ; Weltwirtschaft ; Entwicklungsländer ; Armut ; Reduktion
    Abstract: Trade promotes economic growth, alleviates poverty and helps countries reach their development goals. However, developing countries – in particular the least developed – face difficulties in making trade happen and turning trade into economic growth. The Aid for Trade Initiative – launched at the 2005 World Trade Organisation conference in Hong Kong – aims at helping these countries to take advantage of trade opportunities and to reap the benefits of their integration into the world economy. The Initiative has been a success: it has not only raised awareness among both donors and developing countries about the role of trade in development, but also helped secure increased resources. Trade for Growth and Poverty Reduction: How Aid for Trade Can Help explains how Aid for Trade can foster economic growth and reduce poverty, and why it is an important instrument for a development strategy that actively supports poverty alleviation. Unlocking this potential requires carefully designed and sequenced trade reforms. While developing countries have many trade-related needs, but financial resources and political capital for reforms are limited, it is an important priority to tackle the most binding constraints to trade expansion. This report describes the diagnostic tools available, evaluates their strengths and weaknesses, and suggests a dynamic framework to guide the sequencing of reform and donor support.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264098978-en
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  • 39
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    Smart Rules for Fair Trade : 50 years of Export Credits (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264111745
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Smart rules for fair trade
    DDC: 382/.63
    Keywords: 1961-2011 ; Exportkredit ; OECD-Staaten ; Trade ; Aufsatzsammlung ; OECD ; Exportkredit
    Abstract: On the 50th anniversary of the OECD, we examine the unique work the organisation performs in regulating and rationalising governments’ use of export credits in support of exports, jobs, economic growth and national interests more broadly. This work is part of a global post war effort to emphasise multilateral co operation and sound economic policies to promote co operation, efficiency and prosperity rather than destructive competition, controversy and conflict. OECD export credits work is one of the basic building blocks of the ever growing structure of global trade agreements that aim to maintain open and efficient markets. The objective is to eliminate subsidies and unfair practices in the economic competition that forms the foundation of a healthy and dynamic global economy. The elimination of official financing subsidies in global trade is only a part of the broader trade policy agenda, but it is a vital part, and has been delegated to the OECD by the WTO. Since financing is the life blood of trade flows, specialised OECD housed work allows trade to flow efficiently for aircraft and other capital goods while other trade policy work and litigation continue at the WTO. The export credits work at the OECD is described in this collection of essays. However it is about much more than the series of agreements described herein. It is more fundamentally about the governments and their people - policy makers and experts - who gather at the OECD to build collectively a system of export credits disciplines that is fair, transparent, adaptable and effective. It is therefore as much about people and ideas as anything else. The export credit secretariat pictured above represents only the latest in a long line of OECD staff committed to facilitate and advise this work. The OECD’s motto on its 50th anniversary is “Better Policies for Better Lives.” This reminds us that in the end, it is policies that are at the centre of human well being. And export credits work is about promoting these better policies by developing “smart rules” that open markets and maintain a level playing field and by bringing people and governments together to this end.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264111745-en
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    Competitiveness and Private Sector Development: Eastern Europe and South Caucasus 2011 : Competitiveness Outlook (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264112322
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Competitiveness and Private Sector Development
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Competitiveness and private sector development
    Keywords: Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Privatwirtschaft ; Unternehmenserfolg ; Osteuropa ; Kaukasus ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Einflussgröße ; Politik ; Privatwirtschaft ; Export ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Marktzugang ; Entwicklung ; Unterentwicklung ; Ursache ; Finance and Investment ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Osteuropa ; Osteuropa ; Privatwirtschaft ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Kaukasus Süd ; Privatwirtschaft ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: With a total population of over 75 million people and a strategic location between wealthy trading partners, with Russia to the east and a vast market of EU citizens to the west, the Eastern Europe and South Caucasus (EESC) region is attractive as a destination for investment and trade. It is endowed with significant human and resources ranging from the black soil in Ukraine that produces some of the best wheat in the world, to energy reserves in Azerbaijan and unexplored water resources in several countries. However, in spite of recent growth – an average of almost 8% of GDP during 1998-2008 – the region’s productivity levels remain 77% below the world average. The OECD Eastern Europe and South Caucasus Competitiveness Outlook examines the key policies that would increase competitiveness in the countries of the region through developing human capital, improving access to finance for SMEs and creating more and better investment opportunities.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264112322-en
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  • 41
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    OECD-Verrechnungspreisleitlinien für multinationale Unternehmen und Steuerverwaltungen 2010 (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264125483
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010; (Serbian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de l'OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert à l'intention des entreprises multinationales et des administrations fiscales 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010: (Serbian version)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Die OECD-Verrechnungspreisleitlinien für multinationale Unternehmen und Steuerverwaltungen bieten Orientierungen für die Anwendung des „Fremdvergleichsgrundsatzes“, der den internationalen Konsens im Hinblick auf die Verrechnungspreisgestaltung, d.h. die Bewertung grenzüberschreitender Geschäftsvorfälle zwischen verbundenen Unternehmen für Besteuerungszwecke, darstellt. In einer globalen Wirtschaft, in der multinationale Unternehmen eine herausragende Rolle spielen, sind die Verrechnungspreise für Steuerverwaltungen und Steuerpflichtige gleichermaßen von größter Bedeutung. Die Regierungen müssen sicherstellen, dass die steuerpflichtigen Gewinne multinationaler Unternehmen nicht künstlich aus ihrem Land hinaus verlagert werden und die von den multinationalen Unternehmen in den einzelnen Ländern ausgewiesene Besteuerungsgrundlage die jeweils dort ausgeübte Wirtschaftstätigkeit widerspiegelt. Für die Steuerpflichtigen ist es äußerst wichtig, das Risiko der wirtschaftlichen Doppelbesteuerung zu begrenzen, zu der es auf Grund von Streitigkeiten zwischen zwei Ländern bei der Ermittlung der fremdvergleichskonformen Vergütung für die grenzüberschreitenden Geschäftsvorfälle der Steuerpflichtigen mit verbundenen Unternehmen kommen kann.Die OECD-Verrechnungspreisleitlinien wurden 1995 in ihrer Originalfassung vom Rat der OECD zur Veröffentlichung freigegeben. 2009 wurden die Leitlinien teilweise aktualisiert, was vorrangig durch Änderungen des Kommentars zu Artikel 25 über Verständigungsverfahren zur Lösung grenzüberschreiten­der Steuerkonflikte sowie durch die Einführung eines neuen Absatzes 5 zu Artikel 25 zum Thema Schiedsverfahren bedingt war, die im Rahmen der Aktualisierung des OECD-Musterabkommens im Jahr 2008 erfolgte. In der Fassung aus dem Jahr 2010 wurden die Kapitel I-III erheblich überarbeitet, mit neuen Leitlinien - zur Auswahl der unter den Gegebenheiten des Einzelfalls am besten geeigneten Verrechnungspreis­methode, - zur praktischen Anwendung der geschäftsvorfallbezogenen Gewinnmethoden (geschäftsvorfallbezogene Nettomargenmethode und Gewinnaufteilungsmethode) sowie - zur Durchführung von Vergleichbarkeitsanalysen. Darüber hinaus wurde ein neues Kapitel IX zu den verrechnungspreisbezogenen Aspekten von Umstrukturierungen der Geschäftstätigkeit hinzugefügt. An den übrigen Abschnitten der Leitlinien wurden Änderungen zur Wahrung der Konsistenz vorgenommen.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264125483-de
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    Disaggregated Impacts of CAP Reforms : Proceedings of an OECD Workshop (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264097070
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Disaggregated impacts of CAP reforms
    Keywords: EU-Agrarpolitik ; EU-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Trade
    Abstract: The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is an important policy for the European Union and accounts for about 40% of the EU budget. Ever since its inception in 1958, the CAP has been regularly reviewed and adjusted to improve its performance and adapt to changing circumstances. At a time when the post-2013 future of the CAP is being discussed and major challenges such as food security and climate change lay ahead, it is important to review the impact of past reforms and to draw lessons for the design of future policies. While the studies in these proceedings often take account of national and international market effects of agricultural policies, they tend to focus on the impact of policies on farms and at the regional and local levels. Today, the European Union is composed of very diverse regions that are affected very differently by any given farm policy, depending on the structural characteristics of the farms’ and regions’ economies. This report collects papers presented at the OECD Workshop on Disaggregated Impacts of CAP Reforms, held in Paris in March 2010, which focused on recent reforms. In particular, it examined the implementation of the single payment scheme since 2005 and the transfer of funds between different measures. Special attention was also paid to reforms of the sugar and dairy sectors with respect to the quota system and the restructuring of both these industries. The papers also look at the impact of the new direct payment system on land use, production and income.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264097070-en
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    Competitiveness and Private Sector Development: Central Asia 2011 : Competitiveness Outlook (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264097285
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Competitiveness and Private Sector Development
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Competitiveness and private sector development
    DDC: 338.6/0480958
    Keywords: Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Humankapital ; KMU ; Auslandsinvestition ; Zentralasien ; Kasachstan ; Kirgisistan ; Tadschikistan ; Mongolei ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Einflussgröße ; Politik ; Privatwirtschaft ; Export ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Weltmarkt ; Finance and Investment ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Mittelasien ; Internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb
    Abstract: With a total population of 92 million people, near universal literacy and abundant energy resources, Central Asia is an attractive destination for investment and trade. The region is strategically located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, and surrounded by some of the world’s fastest-growing economies such as Russia, India and China, who are increasingly investing in the region. From 2000 to2009, foreign direct investment flows into Central Asia increased almost ninefold, while the region’s gross domestic product grew on average by 8.2% annually. While Central Asia is endowed with many natural and human resources that could drive its economies to even higher levels of competitiveness, the poor quality of the region’s business environment remains a major obstacle. Key areas for improvement include reinforcing legal and economic institutions; prioritizing the development of the small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) sector; and building the capacity of business intermediary organisations. This Central Asia Competitiveness Outlook examines the key policies that would increase competitiveness in Central Asia and reduce dependence on the natural resource sector, namely through developing human capital, improving access to finance, and capturing more and better investment opportunities. It was carried out in collaboration with the World Economic Forum under the aegis of the OECD Central Asia Initiative, a regional programme that contributes to economic growth and competitiveness in Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The Initiative is part of the wider OECD Eurasia Competitiveness Programme.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264097285-en
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  • 44
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    Compétitivité et développement du secteur privé: Maroc 2010 : Stratégie de développement du climat des affaires (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264091436
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Compétitivité et développement du secteur privé
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Morocco
    Abstract: Cette publication présente, dans un premier temps, la méthodologie de la SDCA utilisée par l’OCDE, une synthèse des principales réformes engagées au cours des dix dernières années et influençant l’environnement des affaires, et le contexte macro-économique du Maroc. Dans un deuxième temps, sont exposées les principales conclusions horizontales de l’évaluation de la SDCA, puis un résumé des résultats de l’analyse des 12 dimensions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264091436-fr
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  • 45
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    The Economic Impact of Export Restrictions on Raw Materials (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264096448
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The economic impact of export restrictions on raw materials
    RVK:
    QM 230
    Keywords: Rohstoff ; Exportbeschränkung ; Welt ; Trade ; Canada ; China, People’s Republic ; European Union ; India ; Russian Federation ; South Africa ; United States ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Außenhandelspolitik ; Rohstoffwelthandel
    Abstract: Export restrictions on raw materials are applied to achieve a number of policy objectives. However, they can have a significant and negative impact on the efficient allocation of resources, international trade, and the competitiveness and development of industries in both exporting and importing countries. By diverting exports to domestic markets, export restrictions raise prices for foreign consumers and importers. At the same time, by reducing domestic prices in the applying countries and increasing global uncertainty concerning future prices, export restrictions negatively affect investment, thus potentially reducing the overall supply of raw materials in the long term. In view of existing alternative policy tools that have a different impact on trade, the effectiveness of export restrictions to achieve stated policy objectives should be carefully reviewed. This publication presents a selection of papers discussed at the OECD Workshop on Raw Materials, held in Paris in October 2009. This workshop was organised in response to the growing concern on the use of export restrictions on raw materials, particularly by emerging economies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264096448-en
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  • 46
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    Assistance technique liée au commerce : Que nous apprennent les évaluations récentes ? (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030060
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p)
    Series Statement: Objectif développement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade-Related Assistance; What Do Recent Evaluations Tell Us?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade-Related Assistance: What Do Recent Evaluations Tell Us?
    Keywords: Development ; Trade
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage s’appuie sur les principales conclusions et recommandations ressortant des évaluations réalisées par les donneurs pour recenser les facteurs qui ont contribué au succès (ou à l’échec) des programmes passés et prodiguer des conseils destinés à accroître l’efficacité et l’impact des activités futures d’aide liée au commerce. Ce rapport vient à point nommé pour alimenter le débat en cours entre spécialistes de l’aide et des échanges sur les moyens de faire en sorte que « l’aide à l’appui des échanges » constitue, de par sa conception et ses modes d’acheminement, un complément efficace au PDD.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030060-fr
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  • 47
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    Cross-border Tertiary Education : A Way towards Capacity Development (Spanish version) (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264087088
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cross-border Tertiary Education; A Way towards Capacity Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'enseignement supérieur transnational ; Un levier pour le développement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cross-border Tertiary Education: A Way towards Capacity Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'enseignement supérieur transnational : Un levier pour le développement
    Keywords: Education ; Trade
    Abstract: La educación superior transfronteriza está emergiendo para convertirse en un fenómeno fascinante pero muy complejo. La movilidad de estudiantes, de profesores, de conocimiento e incluso valores ha sido por siglos parte de la educación superior, pero esta ha crecido a un ritmo sin precedentes. Durante las últimas dos décadas se ha visto un crecimiento significativo de movilidad en los programas y proveedores de educación superior mediante modos presenciales y virtuales de entrega. Esto presenta muchas nuevas oportunidades entre las que están mayor acceso a la educación superior, alianzas estratégicas entre países y regiones, además de la expansión del recurso humano y la capacidad institucional. De forma paralela existe un número igual de retos: un incremento potencial de proveedores de baja o dudosa calidad, la falta de reconocimiento de las cualificaciones extranjeras por parte de los empleadores o instituciones de educación locales, junto al elitismo y las tensiones que este crea. En muchos casos, estas tendencias nuevas propician que los países reconsideren diferentes aspectos de su política educativa, en particular el marco normativo para el aseguramiento de la calidad y de la educación superior privada.El propósito del libro es generar nueva información sobre los retos y oportunidades que se presentan especialmente en los países en desarrollo para aprovechar la educación superior transfronteriza como una herramienta para el desarrollo. Esta obra analiza el concepto desarrollo de competencias mediante la educación transfronteriza, con énfasis el papel crucial del aseguramiento de la calidad y las negociaciones comerciales. Este volumen es de especial interés tanto para diseñadores de política educativa como para los incontables interesados en la educación superior de los países en desarrollo.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264087088-es
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  • 48
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    Competitiveness and Private Sector Development: Egypt 2010 : Business Climate Development Strategy (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264087408
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (230 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Competitiveness and Private Sector Development
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Competitiveness and private sector development
    RVK:
    QG 730
    Keywords: Frühindikator ; Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; Ägypten ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Politische Reform ; Gewerbepolitik ; Privatwirtschaft ; Situation ; Aktualität ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Finance and Investment ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Egypt ; Ägypten ; Ägypten ; Wirtschaftsförderung ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftsprivatrecht
    Abstract: As part of a far-reaching programme of economic reforms, the Egyptian government is seeking to improve its business climate to attract more investment and stimulate growth and job creation. The Egyptian Ministry of Investment has asked the OECD to carry out an in-depth assessment of Egypt’s business climate to identify policy priorities and actions needed to foster more domestic, regional and international investment. This report presents the results of that assessment. It also highlights Egypt’s key reform priorities and describes the challenges and opportunities in improving Egypt's business climate to help Egypt realise its full potential as a high-growth economy. The OECD assessment is the first phase of a Business Climate Development Strategy (BCDS) which identifies policy priorities and proposes specific reforms and actions to enable Egypt to achieve measurable improvements in its business climate. One key finding is that Egypt’s investment and trade policy reforms have moved the country’s business climate closer to best practice in OECD economies. However, the report notes that to attract further private investment, Egypt needs to improve the country’s anti-corruption measures, skills development, infrastructure and access to finance, especially for the country's small-and-medium sized enterprises. BCDS Egypt offers specific recommendations on how policies, institutions and regulations can be improved to increase predictability for investors and make Egypt a prime investment destination. This review was carried out as part of the wider MENA-OECD Investment Programme. It uses a new BCDS methodology that evaluates the business climate in 12 policy areas and draws on core OECD instruments, such as the Policy Framework for Investment (PFI), which have been successfully applied in other countries. By helping countries prioritise their actions and build consensus among stakeholders, the BCDS process supports the successful implementation of reforms to develop the private sector in the MENA region.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264087408-en
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    Trade and Economic Effects of Responses to the Economic Crisis (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264088436
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trade and economic effects of responses to the economic crisis
    RVK:
    QM 200
    Keywords: Finanzkrise ; Wirtschaftskrise ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Welt ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Welthandel ; Handelsvolumen ; Wirtschaftskrise ; Geschichte 2009
    Abstract: The dramatic collapse in world trade in 2009 is, this report shows, mainly due to: the drop in demand for highly traded products; the drying up of trade finance; and the vertically integrated nature of global supply chains. Contrary to expectations, protectionist measures were relatively muted and did not play a significant part. In fact, because of their sheer size, stimulus measures may have had more impact on trade than direct trade policy measures Nevertheless, dollar for dollar, direct trade restricting measures have the most strongly negative impacts on growth and employment: a one dollar increase in tariff revenues results in a USD 2.16 drop in world exports and a USD 0.73 drop in world income. The analyses presented here suggest that exit strategies from measures to deal with the crisis will be most effective in boosting growth and jobs if they first roll back measures that discriminate between domestic and foreign firms and those that target specific sectors. General demand stimulus measures and active labour market policies are preferable under current conditions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264088436-en
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  • 50
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    OECD-WTO: Balanced International Trade in Services - EBOPS 2010 (Edition 2021) (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services
    Keywords: Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The OECD-WTO Balanced Trade in Services (BaTIS) dataset is a complete, consistent and balanced matrix of international trade in services statistics (ITSS). It contains annual bilateral data covering 202 reporters and partners, broken down by the 12 main EBOPS2010 (BPM6) categories.
    DOI: 10.1787/f0fe4e11-en
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    Trade in services - EBOPS 2010 (Edition 2021) (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset aims to assemble and disseminate balance of payments data on trade in services at the most detailed partner-country and service-category level available. To the extent that countries report them, data are also broken down by type of service according to the EBOPS classification. These data concern international trade in services between residents and non-residents of countries and are reported within the framework of the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual and the Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification (EBOPS2010), which is consistent with the balance of payments classification but is more detailed. Statistics by partner country and service category on international trade in services such as transportation, communication services, financial services, government services are recorded for Australia and Chile from 1999 onwards and shown in US dollars.
    DOI: 10.1787/dad8a500-en
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  • 52
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    OCDE-OMC : Statistiques équilibrées du commerce international des services - EBOPS 2010 (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Statistiques de l'OCDE sur les échanges internationaux de services
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-WTO: Balanced International Trade in Services - EBOPS 2010
    Keywords: Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: La base de données conjointe de l’OCDE-OMC des statistiques équilibrés du commerce international des services (BaTIS) est une matrice complète, cohérente et équilibrée des statistiques du commerce international des services (ITSS). Elle contient des données bilatérales annuelles couvrant 202 pays rapporteurs et pays partenaires, ventilées pour les 12 principales catégories de l'EBOPS2010 (BPM6).
    DOI: 10.1787/01f5138e-fr
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  • 53
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    Trade in services - EBOPS 2010 (Edition 2020) (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset aims to assemble and disseminate balance of payments data on trade in services at the most detailed partner-country and service-category level available. To the extent that countries report them, data are also broken down by type of service according to the EBOPS classification. These data concern international trade in services between residents and non-residents of countries and are reported within the framework of the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual and the Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification (EBOPS2010), which is consistent with the balance of payments classification but is more detailed. Statistics by partner country and service category on international trade in services such as transportation, communication services, financial services, government services are recorded for Australia and Chile from 1999 onwards and shown in US dollars.
    DOI: 10.1787/ca7a6d85-en
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  • 54
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    Trade in services - EBOPS 2010 (Edition 2015) (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset aims to assemble and disseminate balance of payments data on trade in services at the most detailed partner-country and service-category level available. To the extent that countries report them, data are also broken down by type of service according to the EBOPS classification. These data concern international trade in services between residents and non-residents of countries and are reported within the framework of the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual and the Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification (EBOPS2010), which is consistent with the balance of payments classification but is more detailed. Statistics by partner country and service category on international trade in services such as transportation, communication services, financial services, government services are recorded for Australia and Chile from 1999 onwards and shown in US dollars.
    DOI: 10.1787/818b4ee1-en
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  • 55
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    OECD-WTO: Balanced International Trade in Services - EBOPS 2010 (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OCDE-OMC : Statistiques équilibrées du commerce international des services - EBOPS 2010
    Keywords: Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The OECD-WTO Balanced Trade in Services (BaTIS) dataset is a complete, consistent and balanced matrix of international trade in services statistics (ITSS). It contains annual bilateral data covering 202 reporters and partners, broken down by the 12 main EBOPS2010 (BPM6) categories.
    DOI: 10.1787/08dba674-en
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    Trade in services - EBOPS 2010 (Edition 2019) (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset aims to assemble and disseminate balance of payments data on trade in services at the most detailed partner-country and service-category level available. To the extent that countries report them, data are also broken down by type of service according to the EBOPS classification. These data concern international trade in services between residents and non-residents of countries and are reported within the framework of the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual and the Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification (EBOPS2010), which is consistent with the balance of payments classification but is more detailed. Statistics by partner country and service category on international trade in services such as transportation, communication services, financial services, government services are recorded for Australia and Chile from 1999 onwards and shown in US dollars.
    DOI: 10.1787/fa2d7a99-en
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  • 57
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    Trade in services - EBOPS 2010 (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Échanges de services - EBOPS 2010
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset aims to assemble and disseminate balance of payments data on trade in services at the most detailed partner-country and service-category level available. To the extent that countries report them, data are also broken down by type of service according to the EBOPS classification. These data concern international trade in services between residents and non-residents of countries and are reported within the framework of the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual and the Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification (EBOPS2010), which is consistent with the balance of payments classification but is more detailed. Statistics by partner country and service category on international trade in services such as transportation, communication services, financial services, government services are recorded for Australia and Chile from 1999 onwards and shown in US dollars.
    DOI: 10.1787/data-00583-en
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  • 58
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    Trade in services - EBOPS 2010 (Edition 2012) (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset aims to assemble and disseminate balance of payments data on trade in services at the most detailed partner-country and service-category level available. To the extent that countries report them, data are also broken down by type of service according to the EBOPS classification. These data concern international trade in services between residents and non-residents of countries and are reported within the framework of the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual and the Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification (EBOPS2010), which is consistent with the balance of payments classification but is more detailed. Statistics by partner country and service category on international trade in services such as transportation, communication services, financial services, government services are recorded for Australia and Chile from 1999 onwards and shown in US dollars.
    DOI: 10.1787/56b70951-en
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  • 59
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    Trade in services - EBOPS 2010 (Edition 2016) (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset aims to assemble and disseminate balance of payments data on trade in services at the most detailed partner-country and service-category level available. To the extent that countries report them, data are also broken down by type of service according to the EBOPS classification. These data concern international trade in services between residents and non-residents of countries and are reported within the framework of the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual and the Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification (EBOPS2010), which is consistent with the balance of payments classification but is more detailed. Statistics by partner country and service category on international trade in services such as transportation, communication services, financial services, government services are recorded for Australia and Chile from 1999 onwards and shown in US dollars.
    DOI: 10.1787/4f60b1f0-en
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  • 60
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    Trade in services by category of service - EBOPS 2010 (Edition 2012) (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset includes statistics by detailed type of service on international trade in services for Australia. The data are reported within the framework of the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual and the Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification (EBOPS2010), which is consistent with the balance of payments classification but is more detailed. This database includes summary tables by country and by service category such as transportation, communication services, financial services, government services as well as providing analysis, definitions and methodological notes.This database includes summary tables by country and by service category such as transportation, communication services, financial services, government services as well as providing analysis, definitions and methodological notes. Series are shown in US dollars and are recorded from 1999 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/data-00584-en
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  • 61
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    Trade in services - EBOPS 2010 (Edition 2017) (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset aims to assemble and disseminate balance of payments data on trade in services at the most detailed partner-country and service-category level available. To the extent that countries report them, data are also broken down by type of service according to the EBOPS classification. These data concern international trade in services between residents and non-residents of countries and are reported within the framework of the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual and the Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification (EBOPS2010), which is consistent with the balance of payments classification but is more detailed. Statistics by partner country and service category on international trade in services such as transportation, communication services, financial services, government services are recorded for Australia and Chile from 1999 onwards and shown in US dollars.
    DOI: 10.1787/95acbe54-en
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  • 62
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    Trade in services - EBOPS 2010 (Edition 2018) (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset aims to assemble and disseminate balance of payments data on trade in services at the most detailed partner-country and service-category level available. To the extent that countries report them, data are also broken down by type of service according to the EBOPS classification. These data concern international trade in services between residents and non-residents of countries and are reported within the framework of the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual and the Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification (EBOPS2010), which is consistent with the balance of payments classification but is more detailed. Statistics by partner country and service category on international trade in services such as transportation, communication services, financial services, government services are recorded for Australia and Chile from 1999 onwards and shown in US dollars.
    DOI: 10.1787/f336b9af-en
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  • 63
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    Échanges de services - EBOPS 2010 (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Statistiques de l'OCDE sur les échanges internationaux de services
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Trade in services - EBOPS 2010
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: Cette base de données rassemble les statistiques sur les échanges internationaux de service par pays partenaires et par catégorie de service ainsi que des définitions et des notes méthodologiques. Dans la mesure où les pays les rendent disponibles, les données sont détaillées par type de service selon la classification de l'EBOPS. Les données se réfèrent aux échanges entre résidents et non résidents et sont présentées selon les recommandations du Manuel des statistiques du commerce international des services et la classification élargie des services de la balance des paiements (l'EBOPS 2010) qui est coherente avec la balance des paiements mais plus détaillée. Des statistiques par pays partenaires et par catégorie de service sur les échanges internationaux des services comme le transport, la communciation, la finance, les administrations publiques sont disonibles pour l'Australie et le Chili à partir de 1999 en monnaie nationale et en dollars des États-Unis.
    DOI: 10.1787/data-00583-fr
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  • 64
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    Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays Membres et non-membres de l'OCDE : Supplément Printemps 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264274242
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p.)
    Series Statement: Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Trade
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264274242-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 65
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    Echanges, investissement et développement : Pour la cohérence des politiques (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264274235
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade, Investment and Development; Policy Coherence Matters
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade, Investment and Development: Policy Coherence Matters
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade
    Abstract: Le développement devrait pouvoir progresser plus rapidement que jamais dans la nouvelle économie mondiale. Si l'ouverture des économies en développement aux échanges et à l'investissement est une condition nécessaire pour instaurer une croissance élevée et durable en participant à l’économie mondiale, ce n’est en aucun cas une condition suffisante. Enclencher une dynamique de croissance durable requiert des politiques économiques saines et obéissant aux principes du marché, des politiques sociales d'accompagnement adaptées, ainsi qu'une bonne gestion des affaires publiques. Mais comme l'a démontré la crise financière asiatique, des carences dans ces trois domaines peuvent fragiliser des économies en développement même très performantes. Les pays de l'OCDE ont un rôle central à jouer pour faciliter les efforts que mènent les pays en développement pour tirer parti de tous les avantages de l'ouverture aux échanges et à l'investissement. Le principal objectif de cette étude est de déterminer comment les pays de l'OCDE peuvent promouvoir la cohérence des politiques en : améliorant le cadre dans lequel s'inscrivent les flux internationaux d'investissement et de capitaux ; en prenant en compte les préoccupations environnementales ; et en facilitant la participation des pays en développement à la société mondiale de l'information. Pour être couronnée de succès, il est nécessaire que la cohérence des politiques prenne délibérément en compte les besoins et les intérêts des pays en développement, afin d'en faire des acteurs de l'économie mondial efficaces, plutôt que vulnérables et marginaux. Pour en savoir plus Echanges, investissement et développement : Optimiser les bénéfices de l'ouverture des marchés
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264274235-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 66
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    Post-Uruguay Round Tariff Regimes : Achievements and Outlook (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174023
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les régimes douaniers après l'Uruguay Round ; Bilan et perspectives
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les régimes douaniers après l'Uruguay Round : Bilan et perspectives
    RVK:
    QM 230
    Keywords: Trade ; Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations ; Handelshemmnis ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Zollpolitik ; Außenhandel ; Liberalisierung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Two of the most significant success stories of post-war trade diplomacy and multilateral trade negotiations that have occurred under the auspices of the GATT (now the WTO) have been the massive reductions in tariffs, and the establishment of non-discriminatory tariffs as the principal means of trade protection. When leaders from around the world gather in Seattle, Washington at the end of November 1999, a fresh opportunity to continue dismantling tariff barriers will present itself. This book provides trade negotiators with an indispensable tool that will help them formulate their negotiating objectives and strategies in the area of tariffs; it also provides policy analysts with key data that are necessary to define negotiating scenarios and to impute the corresponding impact on trade, employment and growth. Finally, students of international trade will no longer need to labour over obtaining comprehensive, detailed, and comparable tariff-line data and could proceed to apply these to policy issues and options.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174023-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 67
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    Trade, Investment and Development: Policy Coherence Matters (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273504
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges, investissement et développement ; Pour la cohérence des politiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges, investissement et développement : Pour la cohérence des politiques
    RVK:
    QC 347
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade ; OECD ; Entwicklungspolitik
    Abstract: The development process can advance more rapidly than ever before in the new global economy. While opening their economies to trade and investment is a necessary condition for developing countries to achieve sustained high growth and reduce poverty, it is by no means a sufficient condition. Initiating a sustainable dynamic growth requires sound, market-oriented economic policies; appropriate social policy frameworks, including strong investment in human capital and adequate social safety-nets; and good governance. But, as shown by the Asian financial crisis, weaknesses in any of these basic foundations make even successful developing economies vulnerable to crisis. OECD countries have a pivotal role to play in facilitating developing countries' efforts to fully exploit the benefits of open trade and investment. The key objective of this report is to identify how OECD countries can promote policy coherence by improving the framework for international investment and capital flows; addressing environmental concerns; facilitating participation of developing countries in the global information society; and enhancing the coherence of development co-operation policies. To be successful, policy coherence implies the broader agenda of consciously taking account of the needs and interests of developing countries in order for them to be effective rather than vulnerable and marginal players in the global economy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273504-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 68
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    Les régimes douaniers après l'Uruguay Round : Bilan et perspectives (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264274020
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Post-Uruguay Round Tariff Regimes; Achievements and Outlook
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Post-Uruguay Round Tariff Regimes: Achievements and Outlook
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: La réduction massive des droits de douane et l’adoption de tarifs non discriminatoires comme principal moyen de protection commerciale constituent deux des succès les plus marquants de la diplomatie commerciale de l'après-guerre et des négociations multilatérales menées sous les auspices du GATT (devenu l’OMC). Le sommet de Seattle, qui réunira fin novembre 1999 des dirigeants du monde entier, offre une occasion nouvelle de poursuivre le démantèlement des barrières tarifaires. Ce livre donne aux participants un outil indispensable pour formuler leurs objectifs et stratégies de négociation dans le domaine des droits de douane. Il fournit aussi aux analystes les données clés nécessaires pour concevoir des scénarios de négociation et évaluer leurs effets respectifs sur les échanges, l’emploi et la croissance. Enfin, il permettra à toutes les personnes qui étudient le commerce international de consulter, sans avoir à faire de longues recherches, des données complètes, détaillées et comparables sur les tarifs, et de les appliquer directement aux questions que suscitent les politiques dans ce domaine.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264274020-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 69
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    Trade, Investment and Development: Reaping the Full Benefits of Open Markets (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173309
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges, investissement et développement ; Optimiser les bénéfices de l'ouverture des marchés
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges, investissement et développement : Optimiser les bénéfices de l'ouverture des marchés
    RVK:
    QC 300
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade ; Freihandel ; Globalisierung ; Entwicklung
    Abstract: Developing and transition economies are seeking to accelerate their development by liberalising trade and investment, and taking advantage of the opportunities of the global market place. However, in the wake of recent financial crises, concerns have been expressed that some countries might turn away from open trade and investment. In fact, most crisis-affected countries are continuing to liberalise trade and investment, which they see as part of the solution to the crisis, not the cause. This report reviews evidence of the benefits and challenges of trade and investment for development, drawing on experiences from economies in various parts of the world. Experience shows that open trade and investment have been beneficial for development, when accompanied by a coherent set of growth-oriented macroeconomic and structural policies, capacity-building, social policy and good governance. Further, countries like Korea and Mexico that have responded to economic crisis with liberalisation and structural reform have experienced positive results. All countries -- developed, developing and transition -- have a vital stake in a new Round of multilateral trade negotiations to prepare for the global economy of 21st century.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173309-en
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  • 70
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    Echanges, investissement et développement : Optimiser les bénéfices de l'ouverture des marchés (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273306
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade, Investment and Development; Reaping the Full Benefits of Open Markets
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade, Investment and Development: Reaping the Full Benefits of Open Markets
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade
    Abstract: Les économies en développement et en transition s'efforcent d'accélérer leur développement en libéralisant leurs échanges et leurs investissements, et en saisissant les opportunités offertes par l'économie mondiale. A la suite des crises financières récentes, la crainte a cependant été exprimée que certains pays se détournent de la libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement. En fait, la plupart des pays touchés par la crise continuent de libéraliser échanges et leurs investissements, en quoi ils voient une solution, et non une cause de la crise. Cette étude examine les avantages et les enjeux de la libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement pour le développement, en s'appuyant sur les expériences menées par des économies de différentes régions du monde. L'expérience montre que l'ouverture des marchés et de l'investissement a été bénéfique lorsqu'elle s'est accompagnée d'un ensemble cohérent de mesures macroéconomiques et structurelles conçues pour stimuler la croissance, d'un renforcement des capacités, d'une politique sociale appropriée, et d'une bonne gestion des affaires publiques. Qui plus est, des pays comme la Corée ou le Mexique, qui ont opposé à la crise économique la libéralisation et les réformes structurelles, en ont tiré des résultats positifs. Un nouveau cycle de négociations commerciales multilatérales est donc d'un intérêt vital pour tous les pays -- développés, en développement ou en transition -- pour préparer l'économie mondiale du XXIe siècle. Pour en savoir plus Echanges, investissement et développement : Pour la cohérence des politiques
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273306-fr
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  • 71
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    Echanges et concurrence : Quelles politiques pour demain ? (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264280007
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade and Competition Policies for Tomorrow
    Keywords: Governance ; Trade
    Abstract: Les liens entre politique des échanges et politique de la concurrence suscitent un intérêt croissant depuis quelques années. En effet, avec la baisse des droits de douane, les négociateurs s’intéressent de plus en plus aux politiques intérieures sources de distorsions dans les échanges, ainsi qu'aux obstacles non gouvernementaux au commerce. En outre, la disparition des barrières officielles aux échanges et à l’investissement peut inciter les entreprises à adopter un comportement anticoncurrentiel pour protéger leurs marchés. D'où la nécessité de développer des politiques cohérentes. Parce qu'elles cherchent les unes comme les autres à améliorer l’allocation des ressources, politiques des échanges et politiques de la concurrence se complètent et se renforcent mutuellement. Les travaux rassemblés dans cet ouvrage sont issus du Groupe conjoint sur les échanges et la concurrence de l’OCDE. Ils examinent les relations et les complémentarités qui existent entre ces politiques à travers une approche multidisciplinaire typique de l’OCDE. Ce livre -- dont un chapitre entier est consacré au secteur des télécommunications -- jette sur toutes ces questions un éclairage inédit avant le nouveau cycle de négociations de l'OMC. Mais quelle que soit l'issue du sommet de Seattle, les problèmes soulevés dans cet ouvrage resteront d'actualité.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264280007-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 72
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    Trade and Competition Policies for Tomorrow (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264180000
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges et concurrence ; Quelles politiques pour demain ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges et concurrence : Quelles politiques pour demain ?
    RVK:
    QM 200
    Keywords: Governance ; Trade ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Wettbewerbspolitik
    Abstract: The links between trade policy and competition policy have become more important in recent years. With tariff reductions, trade negotiators are looking increasingly at non-border policies that distort trade and at non-governmental barriers to trade. And, as official barriers to trade and investment fall, firms may have a greater incentive to engage in anti-competitive conduct to protect markets. Hence the need for coherent trade and competition policies. Trade and competition policies each seek to improve the allocation of resources; they complement and reinforce each other. These papers from the OECD Joint Group on Trade and competition examine aspects of those complementarities and relationships and in so doing draw on the OECD’s capacity to analyse questions in a multidisciplinary way. This book -- which includes a whole chapter on the telecommunications sector -- throws new light on all these issues in the lead up to the WTO's new round of negotiations. But whatever the outcome of Seattle, the questions raised in this volume will remain relevant.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264180000-en
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  • 73
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    L' Arrangement relatif à des lignes directrices pour les crédits à l'exportation bénéficiant d'un soutien public (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264289871
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Arrangement on Guidelines for Officially Supported Export Credits
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Arrangement on Guidelines for Officially Supported Export Credits
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: La principale raison d’être de l’Arrangement est d’offrir un cadre institutionnel permettant d’instaurer un marché ordonné des crédits à l’exportation, c’est-à-dire d’éviter que les pays exportateurs ne se livrent à une surenchère sans frein où chacun cherche à offrir les conditions de financement les plus favorables plutôt que des produits de qualité au meilleur prix. l’Arrangement offre un cadre pour les crédits à l’exportation publics. Il assigne certaines limites aux conditions des crédits à l’exportation d’une durée égale ou supérieure à deux ans - c’est-à-dire qui sont assurés, garantis, prorogés, refinancés ou subventionnés directement par les organismes de crédit à l’exportation ou par leur intermédiaire. En plus d'offrir un cadre pour les crédits à l’exportation publics, l’Arrangement énonce des règles concernant l’aide liée et les taux de primes de risques. L'Arrangement constitue un "gentlemen’s agreement"; il n’a pas la valeur juridique d’un Acte du Conseil de l’OCDE ; il compte parmi ses Participants la plupart des pays Membres de l’OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264289871-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 74
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    The Arrangement on Guidelines for Officially Supported Export Credits (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264189874
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Arrangement relatif à des lignes directrices pour les crédits à l'exportation bénéficiant d'un soutien public
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This is the 1998 Arrangement. The main purpose of the Arrangement is to provide the institutional framework for an orderly export credit market; it aims to prevent an export credit race in which exporting countries compete on the basis of who grants the most favourable financing terms rather than on the basis of the price and quality of the product. The Arrangement sets limits on the terms and conditions for export credits involving credit terms of two years or more - that is, that are insured, guaranteed, extended, refinanced or subsidised by or through export credit agencies. In addition to providing a framework for official export credits, the Arrangement sets out rules for tied aid and for risk-based premium fees. The Arrangement is a gentlemen's agreement; it is not an OECD legal Act. The Participants to the Arrangement are most OECD Member countries
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264189874-en
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  • 75
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    Open Markets Matter : The Benefits of Trade and Investment Liberalisation (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162938
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pour l'ouverture des marchés ; Les avantages de la libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pour l'ouverture des marchés : Les avantages de la libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: The benefits of open markets are tangible. In the last decade, countries that have been more open to trade and investment have achieved double the average annual growth of more closed economies. More individuals, firms and nations than ever before depend on the gains from trade and investment liberalisation. Yet anxiety about the effects of greater market integration remains. It is essential for long-term world prosperity that countries' commitment to trade and investment liberalisation be sustained. To be credible, that commitment must be rooted in and enjoy broad public support and understanding. This makes it all the more important to communicate what trade and investment liberalisation can and cannot do and be held responsible for. Trade and investment liberalisation is not painless. It should not be viewed as a cure-all nor presented as an end in itself. It is, however, an essential component of any coherent set of policies aimed at helping societies adjust to - and take advantage of - technology-driven transformations whose pace and depth are unprecedented. The stakes are high. This book examines the various channels through which open markets deliver considerable benefits to societies and their citizens; recalls the real pocket-book costs of protectionism; and addresses the full range of concerns that feature prominently in ongoing discussions over the effects of market liberalisation on employment, income distribution, environmental protection and national sovereignty. A central message of this book is that liberalisation forms part of the solution to the concerns of citizens, rather than being their root cause. The book's comprehensive treatment of the ins and outs of trade and investment liberalisation should make an important contribution to the public debate. It is essential reading for public officials, business leaders and private citizens who wish to take an active part in it.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162938-en
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  • 76
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    Pour l'ouverture des marchés : Les avantages de la libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262935
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Open Markets Matter; The Benefits of Trade and Investment Liberalisation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Open Markets Matter: The Benefits of Trade and Investment Liberalisation
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: L'ouverture des marchés offre des avantages tangibles. Au cours de la dernière décennie, les pays les plus ouverts aux échanges et à l'investissement ont enregistré une croissance annuelle moyenne deux fois supérieure à celle des économies plus fermées. Les individus, les entreprises et les pays sont plus nombreux que jamais à dépendre des gains de la libéralisation du commerce et de l'investissement. Cependant, l'intégration accrue des marchés suscite toujours de l'inquiétude. Un engagement durable des pays en faveur de la libéralisation est indispensable pour assurer la prospérité mondiale sur le long terme. Pour être crédible, cet engagement doit être légitimé par un large soutien public, fondé sur la compréhension de ses enjeux. Il est d'autant plus important de faire savoir ce que la libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement peut ou ne peut pas accomplir et ce dont elle peut être tenue pour responsable. La libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement n'est pas un processus indolore. Il ne faut pas la considérer comme une panacée ni comme une fin en soi. Néanmoins, elle constitue une composante essentielle de tout ensemble de politiques cohérent visant à aider les sociétés à s'ajuster -- afin d'en tirer profit -- aux transformations qu'induit le progrès technique, dont le rythme et l'ampleur sont sans précédent. Face à des enjeux aussi importants, cette publication examine les diverses voies qu'empruntent les marchés ouverts pour dispenser des bénéfices considérables aux sociétés et à leurs citoyens. Elle souligne les coûts monétaires du protectionnisme pour chacun et traite l'ensemble des préoccupations qui occupent une place importante dans le débat actuel sur les conséquences de la libéralisation des marchés pour l'emploi, la répartition du revenu, la protection de l'environnement et la souveraineté nationale. Cette étude délivre un message essentiel : la libéralisation n'est pas la cause première des inquiétudes des citoyens mais en constitue l'un des remèdes. Cette analyse exhaustive des tenants et des aboutissants de la libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement devrait apporter une contribution majeure au débat public. Elle constitue une lecture indispensable pour les fonctionnaires, les dirigeants du monde des affaires et les particuliers qui souhaitent y prendre une part active.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262935-fr
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  • 77
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    L' Arrangement sur les crédits à l'exportation : Bilan et objectifs pour l'avenir 1978/1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263505
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Export Credit Arrangement; Achievements and Challenges 1978/1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Export Credit Arrangement: Achievements and Challenges 1978/1998
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: L'Arrangement relatif à des lignes directrices pour les crédits à l'exportation bénéficiant d'un soutien public célèbre cette année son vingtième anniversaire. L'« Arrangement », nom sous lequel l'on connaît généralement les lignes directrices, constitue une forme de coopération internationale unique en son genre : il s'agit en effet d'un « gentlemen's agreement » qui n'a juridiquement aucune valeur officielle, mais qui a permis de mettre de l'ordre dans l'offre de crédits à l'exportation (subventions des pouvoirs publics aux exportateurs), faisant ainsi économiser des milliards de dollars au contribuable. Grâce à l'Arrangement, les exportateurs des pays de l'OCDE se livrent désormais une concurrence fondée sur la qualité et les prix, et non pas sur le degré de soutien dont ils bénéficient de la part de l'État. En outre, les améliorations qui ont progressivement été apportées à l'Arrangement en ont étendu la portée, évitant des distorsions des échanges et des subventions sous la forme de crédits d'aide liée et de primes sans rapport avec la réalité. Dans ce recueil d'essais, des participants d'hier et d'aujourd'hui aux négociations sur les lignes directrices de l'Arrangement, des Présidents et Directeurs d'organismes de crédit à l'exportation, des institutions internationales, des protagonistes du secteur privé, des économistes et d'autres personnalités ayant été mêlées à l'Arrangement depuis ses origines retracent l'évolution de celui-ci - sa genèse et son développement progressif, les difficultés rencontrées et les problèmes résolus. Ils examinent les causes de la souplesse qui a permis à l'Arrangement de si bien s'adapter à l'évolution et à la mondialisation de l'économie. Certaines contributions apportent un éclairage remarquablement sincère sur le monde fermé des négociations internationales. D'autres explicitent les modalités par lesquelles l'Arrangement a été adapté à la complexité croissante des services financiers et des assurances. Toutes éclairent cet aspect de plus en plus important du commerce international. Cet ouvrage est une lecture indispensable pour tous ceux qui s'intéressent au système commercial mondial et au rôle des crédits à l'exportation en particulier, et plus généralement aux relations entre le commerce et l'aide et à la coopération internationale.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263505-fr
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  • 78
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    The Export Credit Arrangement : Achievements and Challenges 1978/1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163867
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Arrangement sur les crédits à l'exportation ; Bilan et objectifs pour l'avenir 1978/1998
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development The export credit arrangement
    DDC: 332.742
    RVK:
    QM 350
    Keywords: 1978-1998 ; Exportkredit ; Exportkreditversicherung ; OECD-Staaten ; Unternehmensethik ; Trade ; OECD ; Welthandel ; Exportkredit
    Abstract: The Arrangement on Guidelines for Officially Supported Export Credits celebrates its twentieth birthday this year. The 'Arrangement', as the Guidelines are usually known, is a unique form of international co-operation: as a 'gentlemen's agreement', it has no formal status in law – and yet it has brought order to the supply of export credits (government subsidies to exporters), thus saving billions of dollars of taxpayers' money. Thanks to the Arrangement, exporters in OECD countries now compete on the basis of quality and price, not according to the degree of support they receive from the state. Progressive improvements in the Arrangement, moreover, have extended its coverage, preventing trade distortion and subsidy in the form of tied aid and unrealistic premium fees. In this collection of essays, past and present negotiators of the Arrangement's guidelines, Presidents and Chief Executives of export credit agencies, international institutions, private-sector players, economists and others involved with the Arrangement from its earliest days chart its evolution – its inception and progressive expansion, the difficulties encountered and problems solved. They examine the sources of the flexibility that has made the Arrangement so successful in adapting to the changing, globalising world economy. Some of the contributions offer candid insights into the closed world of international negotiations. Others document the response of the Arrangement to the growing sophistication of financial and insurance services. All of them shed light on this increasingly important aspect of international trade.This book will be required reading for anyone interested in the world trading system and the role of export credits in particular, in the relationship between trade and aid, and in international co-operation in general.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: L'arrangement sur les crédits à l'exportation 1978/1998
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163867-en
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  • 79
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    Trade, Employment and Labour Standards : A Study of Core Workers' Rights and International Trade (1996)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264104884
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p)
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: Recent years have witnessed growing concern over the controversial issue of trade and labour standards. In a context of intensified international competition, alleged cases of child labour exploitation or of denial of rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining in some developing countries have been perceived by some in developed countries not only as a violation of human rights but also as unfair trade practices. On the other hand, developing countries generally respond that these concerns are unfounded and reflect disguised protectionist preoccupations. What are the relevant core labour standards in this discussion? Do countries with low levels of core labour standards gain an unfair trade advantage over countries with high standards? What are the advantages and disadvantages of possible mechanisms to promote core labour standards? This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of these questions and reviews evidence for a large number of countries throughout the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264104884-en
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  • 80
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    Harmonised System 1996: All commodities (Edition 2020) (1996)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification based on the nature of the commodity. This dataset, focusing on all market commodities, uses Harmonized System 1996 expressing data in US dollars, which are available from 1996 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/ae4d70f7-en
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  • 81
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    Harmonised System 1996: All commodities (Edition 2021) (1996)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification based on the nature of the commodity. This dataset, focusing on all market commodities, uses Harmonized System 1996 expressing data in US dollars, which are available from 1996 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/6ae031d4-en
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  • 82
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    Harmonised System 1996: All commodities (Edition 2018) (1996)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification based on the nature of the commodity. This dataset, focusing on all market commodities, uses Harmonized System 1996 expressing data in US dollars, which are available from 1996 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/36caf22c-en
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  • 83
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    Harmonised System 1996: ICT Goods (Edition 2010) (1996)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification based on the nature of the commodity. This dataset, focusing on the ICT goods market, uses Harmonized System 1996 expressing data in US dollars, which are available from 1996 to 2009.
    DOI: 10.1787/914deeb8-en
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  • 84
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    Harmonised System 1996: All commodities (Edition 2016) (1996)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification based on the nature of the commodity. This dataset, focusing on all market commodities, uses Harmonized System 1996 expressing data in US dollars, which are available from 1996 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/93950ed7-en
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  • 85
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    Harmonised System 1996: All commodities (Edition 2015) (1996)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification based on the nature of the commodity. This dataset, focusing on all market commodities, uses Harmonized System 1996 expressing data in US dollars, which are available from 1996 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/f5c9cf99-en
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  • 86
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    Harmonised System 1996: All commodities (Edition 2019) (1996)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification based on the nature of the commodity. This dataset, focusing on all market commodities, uses Harmonized System 1996 expressing data in US dollars, which are available from 1996 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/f1062355-en
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  • 87
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    Système Harmonisé 1996: tous les produits (1996)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Statistiques du commerce international par produit
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Harmonised System 1996: All commodities
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: Cette base de données comprend les valeurs et les quantités des importations et des exportations par pays partenaires et par produit ou par industrie. Les produits sont disponibles au niveau de détail le plus fin du Système Harmonisé 1996. Les données sont exprimées en dollars É-U.
    DOI: 10.1787/data-00057-fr
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  • 88
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    Harmonised System 1996: All commodities (1996)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Système Harmonisé 1996: tous les produits
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification based on the nature of the commodity. This dataset, focusing on all market commodities, uses Harmonized System 1996 expressing data in US dollars, which are available from 1996 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/data-00057-en
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  • 89
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    Système Harmonisé 1996: biens TIC (1996)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Statistiques du commerce international par produit
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Harmonised System 1996: ICT Goods
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: Cette base de données comprend les valeurs et les quantités des importations et des exportations par pays partenaires et par biens Technologie de l’information et de la communication. Les données sont exprimées en dollars É-U.
    DOI: 10.1787/data-00058-fr
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  • 90
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    Harmonised System 1996: All commodities (Edition 2017) (1996)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification based on the nature of the commodity. This dataset, focusing on all market commodities, uses Harmonized System 1996 expressing data in US dollars, which are available from 1996 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/fffc9440-en
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  • 91
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    Harmonised System 1996: ICT Goods (1996)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Système Harmonisé 1996: biens TIC
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification based on the nature of the commodity. This dataset, focusing on the ICT goods market, uses Harmonized System 1996 expressing data in US dollars, which are available from 1996 to 2009.
    DOI: 10.1787/data-00058-en
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  • 92
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    Main Developments in Trade : 1995 Edition (1995)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162099
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p)
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This annual report, covering events in 1994, is a concise factual compendium of cross-country trade and trade-related developments. It chronicles intense activity in the world trading system: the historic signing of the Final Act of the Uruguay Round; preparations for the entry into force of the new World Trade Organisation; and a deepening trend towards regional economic integration, marked by developments in Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Americas.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162099-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 93
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    Harmonised System 1988 (Edition 2017) (1988)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification based on the nature of the commodity. This dataset uses Harmonized System 1988 expressing data in US dollars, which are available from 1988 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/c8d307ae-en
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  • 94
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    Harmonised System 1988 (Edition 2021) (1988)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification based on the nature of the commodity. This dataset uses Harmonized System 1988 expressing data in US dollars, which are available from 1988 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/514f30b8-en
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  • 95
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    Harmonised System 1988 (Edition 2019) (1988)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification based on the nature of the commodity. This dataset uses Harmonized System 1988 expressing data in US dollars, which are available from 1988 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/8e51e5a3-en
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Harmonised System 1988 (Edition 2016) (1988)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification based on the nature of the commodity. This dataset uses Harmonized System 1988 expressing data in US dollars, which are available from 1988 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/c7724684-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Harmonised System 1988 (Edition 2018) (1988)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification based on the nature of the commodity. This dataset uses Harmonized System 1988 expressing data in US dollars, which are available from 1988 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/bd14c22e-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Système Harmonisé 1988 (1988)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Statistiques du commerce international par produit
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Harmonised System 1988
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: Cette base de données comprend les valeurs et les quantités des importations et des exportations par pays partenaires et par produit ou par industrie. Les produits sont disponibles au niveau de détail le plus fin du Système Harmonisé 1988. Les données sont exprimées en dollars É-U.
    DOI: 10.1787/data-00060-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Harmonised System 1988 (Edition 2020) (1988)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification based on the nature of the commodity. This dataset uses Harmonized System 1988 expressing data in US dollars, which are available from 1988 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/3f1b4e93-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Harmonised System 1988 (Edition 2015) (1988)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Trade by Commodity Statistics
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or extended versions based on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by European Union countries, provide such classification based on the nature of the commodity. This dataset, uses Harmonized System 1988 expressing data in US dollars, which are available from 1988 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/bb911654-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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