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Year
  • 1
    Language: English , French
    Edition: [Elektronische Ressource]
    Series Statement: OECD statistics
    Keywords: Diskette
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  • 2
    Language: English , French , Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. International standardisation of fruit and vegetables
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: Education and skills
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Reviews of national policies for education
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264182516
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Services are transforming OECD economies on a massive scale, but are still impeded by regulations and policies that stifle innovation and competition. Comprehensive reforms need to be pursued internationally as well as in individual OECD countries. These are the principal conclusions reached by participants in a Business and Industry Policy Forum organised by the OECD on 28 September 1999. The Forum was organised by the Industry Committee, partly to address the mandate of the OECD Ministerial to explain the differences which have emerged in growth performance among OECD countries. It brought together senior government officials, experts, and business and trade union leaders from 30 countries to address issues related to “Realising the Potential of the Service Economy: Facilitating Growth, Innovation and Competition”.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789264182110
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD;N Neuvoston suositus ohjeiksi kuluttajansuojasta sähköisessä kaupankäynnissä
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD retningslinjer for forbrukervern ved elektronisk handel
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Polish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Recomendação do conselho relativa às linhas directrizes que regem A protecção dos consumidores no contexto do comércio electrónico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Slovak version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Swedish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Retningslinier for forbrugerbeskyttelse i forbindelse med elektronisk handel
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Recomendación del consejo de la ocde relativa a los lineamientos para la protección al consumidor en el contexto del comercio electrónico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Hungarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linee Guida per la tutela dei consumatori nel contesto del Commercio Elettronico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (japanese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Richtlijnen ter bescherming van consumenten in het kader van de Elektronische handel
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD:N Neuvoston suositus ohjeiksi kuluttajansuojasta sähköisessä kaupankäynnissä
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Die Leitlinien für den Verbraucherschutz im Zusammenhang mit dem elektronischen Geschäftsverkehr zielen darauf ab, Verbrauchern bei Online-Käufen einen ebenso hohen Schutz zu gewährleisten wie bei Einkäufen in herkömmlichen Geschäften oder bei Bestellungen im Versandhandel. Die Leitlinien orientieren sich an den in traditionelleren Handelsformen bereits existierenden gesetzlichen Verbraucherschutzmaßnahmen. Sie sollen folgende Ziele fördern: – Faire Geschäfts-, Werbe- und Marketingpraktiken; – klare Informationen über die Identität von Online-Unternehmen, die angebotenen Waren oder Dienstleistungen sowie die Modalitäten und Bedingungen einer jeden Transaktion; – transparente Verfahren für die Bestätigung von Transaktionen; – sichere Zahlungsmechanismen; – faire, zügige und finanziell tragbare Streitbeilegungs- und Abhilfeverfahren; – den Schutz der Privatsphäre sowie – die Aufklärung von Verbrauchern und Unternehmen.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789264180871
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (56 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Système de comptabilité nationale, 1993 - Glossaire
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The System of National Accounts, 1993 (SNA) was a joint publication by the United Nations Statistical Division, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, Eurostat and the OECD. It provides a detailed framework for producing national accounts statistics and is intended for worldwide use. However, Because of the detailed nature of the SNA, it is often difficult to identify precise definitions of the terms commonly used in national accounting. As a result, the OECD has now produced this glossary which provides a quick reference to terms commonly found in the national accounts.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264187849
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les ONG européennes actives dans le domaine du développement ; État des lieux
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    Keywords: Development ; Nichtstaatliche Organisation ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: NGOs have moved out of the "amateur" world in which they were once confined into, in many cases, highly professional activities. This statistical analysis demonstrates that there are thousands of development NGOs in European countries with as much as $7.3 billion at their disposal. Supported by a large number of tables and graphs, as well as detailed, individual country surveys, the author provides the first-ever such study of what has become a late-twentieth, early twenty-first century phenomenon. When the results of the study are extrapolated to OECD Development Assistance Committee members as a whole, they suggest that the total income of NGOs would amount to almost $16 billion, a figure three times that estimated by organisations such as the World Bank. Depending on the country, up to half of this income comes from official sources, implying that NGOs have become major partners for governments in the development field.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264288010
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Luxembourg 2000
    Keywords: Environment ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: Ce rapport consacré au Luxembourg évalue les progrès accomplis ou à faire dans la réduction de la charge polluante, la gestion des ressources naturelles, l'intégration des politiques économique et environnementale et le renforcement de la coopération internationale. Les analyses s'appuient sur un large ensemble de données économiques et environnementales.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180550
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les établissements d'enseignement supérieur face aux besoins régionaux
    DDC: 378
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The agenda of universities has moved on from a desire to simply increase the general education level of the population and the output of scientific research; there is now a greater concern to harness university education and research to specific economic and social objectives. Nowhere is this demand for specificity more clear than in the field of regional development. What contribution do universities make to the development of the regions they are located in? They certainly have passive impacts in terms of direct and indirect employment; yet, how can the resources of universities be mobilised to actively contribute to the development process? The challenge addressed in this book is how should higher education institutions respond to demands which are emanating from a set of actors and agencies concerned with regional development and thus help reach national objectives. This book is based on case studies presented at various conferences focusing on Australia, the Baltic States and Scandinavia, continental Europe, the United States and the United Kingdom. The case study material is supplemented by other sources of information about national higher education policy, including major national surveys of higher education in Australia, Finland and the United Kingdom each of which embrace the regional agenda.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264181625
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Pensionskasse ; Altersversorgung ; Kapitalmarkt ; Portfoliomanagement
    Abstract: This books explores the international aspects of pension reform, private savings and volatile capital markets and clarifies how they relate to each other. Building the case for the pension-improving benefits of global asset diversification, analysing the implications of financial reform for stimulating savings, and exploring both the benefits and risks of global capital flows to emerging markets, Pensions, Savings and Capital Flows will inform policy and academic debates on financial globalisation.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264281240
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Greece 2000
    Keywords: Environment ; Greece
    Abstract: Ce rapport consacré à la Grèce évalue les progrès accomplis ou à faire dans la réduction de la charge polluante, la gestion des ressources naturelles, l'intégration des politiques économique et environnementale et le renforcement de la coopération internationale. Les analyses s'appuient sur un large ensemble de données économiques et environnementales.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264187863
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2000
    RVK:
    RVK:
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789264088160
    Language: English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2000
    Series Statement: 32
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264187719
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réussir la réforme des entreprises en Chine
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; China, People’s Republic ; China ; Unternehmen ; Reform
    Abstract: Reforms to China’s enterprises are central to the effort to complete the transformation to a market economy that has been underway since 1978. Reforms have become all the more urgent with the severe financial problems now being suffered by a large portion of China’s businesses, and with China’s prospective entry into the World Trade Organisation. Enterprise reforms involve both state owned and non-state businesses, and encompass a wide range of individual policies to bolster financial performances, improve behaviour, and provide supporting institutions and infrastructure essential to a modern enterprise economy. The study in this volume describes the main reforms that are being undertaken in each of these areas, the progress that is being made, the problems that are being encountered, and the challenges that remain to be overcome. The overall message is that the enterprise reforms are now at a critical juncture. Important progress is being made; but much more remains to be done and rapid advances are needed in several key areas if the overall reform process is to be sustained and China is to realise its growth potential. Topics covered: the current situation of China’s enterprises; economic restructuring and SOE reorganisation; establishing effective corporate governance mechanisms; the role of the financial system; developing social security programmes.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264272507
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Financial Market Trends; No. 72 Volume 1999 Issue 1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789264281462
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform; Regulatory Reform in Mexico 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: Regulatory Reform in Mexico 1999
    Keywords: Governance ; Mexico
    Abstract: Au cours des 15 dernières années, la réforme de la réglementation a été un des piliers de la transformation de l'économie du Mexique. Autrefois centrée sur elle-même et fortement réglementée, l'économie mexicaine est désormais relativement ouverte et fondée sur le marché. Les réformes réglementaires ont été plus rapides, plus larges et plus profondes que dans la plupart des pays de l’OCDE et ont déjà eu des effets bénéfiques importants, notamment en dotant le pays d'une flexibilité économique accrue qui lui a permis de sortir plus rapidement des crises économiques. Cependant, les bénéfices des réformes ont été ralentis par les crises macroéconomiques des années 90. Redoubler d'attention est donc aujourd'hui nécessaire pour parachever la mise en œuvre de réformes qui encouragent la concurrence et l'entrée sur les marchés, tout en renforçant la capacité de l'État mexicain à mettre en œuvre ses politiques à travers des instruments réglementaires transparents et de grande qualité. Une politique de stabilité menée plusieurs années durant à l'appui d'une croissance tirée par le marché pourrait avoir des retombées positives considérables et durables pour les entreprises et les consommateurs mexicains. Le Mexique est l'un des premiers pays à avoir demandé à l'OCDE de procéder à un examen général de ses pratiques réglementaires et des réformes de la réglementation menées à l'échelon national. Cet ouvrage est le fruit de l'évaluation approfondie menée par l'OCDE et d'un examen par ses pays Membres. Il présente une évaluation sans équivalent de la réforme de la réglementation dans des domaines aussi essentiels que le contexte macro-économique, la qualité du secteur public, la politique de la concurrence et sa mise en œuvre, ainsi que l'intégration des principes d'ouverture du marché dans les processus réglementaires et dans des secteurs tels que les télécommunications. Les politiques recommandées offrent un plan d'action équilibré à court et à plus long terme fondé sur les meilleures pratiques réglementaires à l'échelon international. Pour en savoir plus A lire dans la même collection : La réforme de la réglementation aux États-Unis, La réforme de la réglementation au Japon et La réforme de la réglementation aux Pays-Bas. L'analyse de fond dont découlent ces premiers examens par pays est présentée dans le Rapport de l'OCDE sur la réforme de la réglementation : Synthèse et dans les deux volumes du Rapport de l'OCDE sur la réforme de la réglementation : Études sectorielles et Études thématiques, publiés en 1997.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9264181830
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Motivating students for lifelong learning
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Motiver les élèves
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Motiver les élèves : l'enjeu de l'apprentissage à vie
    DDC: 370.154
    Keywords: Lebenslanges Lernen ; Motivation
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264182479
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La société créative du XXIe siècle
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die kreative Gesellschaft des 21. Jahrhunderts
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: How can growing social diversity be harnessed to make for more creative societies in the future? Three powerful forces are simultaneously shaping the social foundations of the future: deep-seated change in underlying economic systems, rapid global integration, and growing social diversity itself. The question is whether the three will combine constructively and lead to social progress or whether another, grimmer scenario lies ahead. Does growing diversity, commendable in itself, mean we are headed for more inequality across the world's populations? Will access to and use of new knowledge and advanced technologies alleviate or aggravate the differences? What steps can policy makers take to ensure that growing differentiation within and among societies gives rise to increased creativity instead of mounting tensions? This book asks some hard questions about our changing world, and examines the policy opportunities that need to be grasped if we are to foster sustainable social foundations for the 21st century.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264082298
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (680 p.)
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The International Symposium on the Reform of Civil Nuclear Liability, organised by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in co-operation with the International Atomic Energy Agency and the European Commission, was held in Budapest, Hungary from 31 May to 3 June 1999. The event attracted over 200 participants from 50 countries, with a view to examining nuclear liability and compensation issues in the context of the recent revision of the Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage, the adoption of the Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage and the current negotiations being carried out under the aegis of the OECD/NEA on the amendment of the Paris and Brussels Conventions. These proceedings reproduce all papers which were presented at the Symposium, and provide detailed records of the discussion periods.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264080669
    Language: English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173354
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trouver des problèmes aux solutions ; Vingt ans d'aide au Sahel
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    Keywords: Development ; Sahel ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: International development cooperation is in crisis. Questions abound: is it effective? Is it even useful? After ten years of "aid fatigue", here is a lucid, constructive book that sheds new light on the problems, and makes proposals for reform that are both thoughtful and innovative. Jean-David Naudet's analysis is a genuine contribution to the literature on aid. He combines the insight of the sociologist and the experience of the practitioner, with a few enlightening incursions into organization theory. The book is both pragmatic and concrete, and is based on papers and workshops organized by the Club du Sahel as part of a detailed study of international development cooperation. It is direct in style and easy to read, with a wealth of quotations and examples. Although it mainly covers the Sahel region, the analysis and proposals for reform are relevant to all of Africa and even other parts of the world. Similarly, the vivid picture it draws of the cooperation and aid relationship is reminiscent of the situation in many countries. "Mr. Naudet is to be congratulated for producing this provocative and hard-hitting book". Elliot Berg. Jean-David Naudet is at present working as an economist at DIAL (Développement et insertion internationale), a scientific interest grouping.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264273986
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform; Regulatory Reform in the United States 1999
    Keywords: Governance ; United States
    Abstract: Depuis un quart de siècle, les États-Unis jouent un rôle de pionnier dans le domaine de la réforme de la réglementation à l'échelle mondiale. Contrairement à l'opinion courante, les États-Unis ne sont pas moins réglementés que les autres pays mais ils sont réglementés différemment eu égard à l'orientation favorable à la concurrence des régimes réglementaires fédéraux, et à l'ouverture et à la contestabilité des processus de réglementation. Une déréglementation économique de grande envergure associée à des efforts pour améliorer la qualité de la réglementation sociale ont contribué à l'édification de l'une des économies les plus innovantes, les plus flexibles et les plus ouvertes de la zone OCDE, tout en maintenant des normes relativement élevées dans les domaines de la santé, de la sécurité et de l'environnement. Pourtant, d'importants problèmes liés à la réglementation persistent aux États-Unis. Un défi fondamental pour assurer sa qualité consiste à améliorer le rapport coût-efficacité et la performance de réglementations sociales et de formalités publiques coûteuses. En un mot, il s'agit moins de réglementer plus que de bien réglementer. Les États-Unis sont un des premiers pays à avoir demander à l'OCDE de procéder à un examen général de ses pratiques réglementaires et des réformes de la réglementation menées à l'échelon national. Cet ouvrage est le fruit de l'évaluation approfondie menée par l'OCDE et d'un examen par ses pays Membres. Il présente une évaluation sans équivalent de la réforme de la réglementation dans des domaines aussi essentiels que le contexte macro-économique, la qualité du secteur public, la politique de la concurrence et sa mise en oeuvre, ainsi que l'intégration des principes d'ouverture du marché dans les processus réglementaires et dans des secteurs tels que l'électricité et les télécommunications. Les politiques recommandées offrent un plan d'action équilibré à court et à plus long terme fondé sur les meilleures pratiques réglementaires à l'échelon international. Pour en savoir plus A lire dans la même collection : La réforme de la réglementation au Japon, La réforme de la réglementation aux Pays-Bas, La réforme de la réglementation au Mexique. L'analyse de fond dont découlent ces premiers examens par pays est présentée dans le Rapport de l'OCDE sur la réforme de la réglementation : Rapport de synthèse et dans les deux volumes du Rapport de l'OCDE sur la réforme de la réglementation : Études sectorielles et Études thématiques, publiés en 1997.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264189584
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gestion des risques en matière de revenu dans le secteur agricole
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Various risks affect the income and the welfare of farm households. A large number of strategies are available to deal specifically with income risk. They exist against a general background of widespread government intervention that modifies the risks faced by farmers. In the context of agricultural policy reform, a challenge for policy makers is to better define the role of public policy versus market-based mechanisms to deal with income risk in agriculture. The OECD workshop examined the various strategies used by farm households, in particular those attracting renewed interest such as diversification of income sources, vertical co-ordination, hedging on futures markets, insurance coverage and public safety-nets. It allowed participants from Member countries’ governments and private industries to share their experience. One of the main conclusions was that farmers, as managers, have the primary responsibility for risk management and that the optimal mix of tools and instruments depends on specific conditions. Government intervention in risk management, coming as a response to an identified market failure, should be in line with general reform principles shared by OECD Ministers for Agriculture, which include increasing the market orientation of agriculture and addressing legitimate domestic interests in ways that do not distort production and trade.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264182028
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Radiation Protection
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les incidences radiologiques des options de gestion du combustible nucléaire usé ; Une étude comparative
    DDC: 621.4835
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Given its potential significance for public health and the environment, the impact of radioactive releases during important steps of nuclear energy production must be considered when selecting among different fuel cycles. With this in mind, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has undertaken a comparative study of the radiological impacts of two main fuel cycle options: one with and one without reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. The study compares the respective impacts of the two options based on generic models and assumptions as well as actual data. It concludes that the difference between them is not significant. A wealth of recent data assembled and evaluated by an international expert team is provided in annex.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789264181113
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has long been recognised as one of the international community’s premier economic organisations. Less well known is its extensive work and achievements in the field of environment. Written by a former Director of Environment, this book describes the origins and evolution of the Organisation’s environmental work as well as its contributions to the resolution of major environmental issues which OECD Member nations have confronted over the second half of the Twentieth Century (e.g, acid rain, ozone depletion, chemical safety, hazardous waste management, and reconciliation of economic growth and environmental protection objectives). The author also sets out some of the key challenges that the OECD faces in maintaining a leadership role in international environmental affairs in the next millennium.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264281561
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring Student Knowledge and Skills; The PISA 2000 Assessment of Reading, Mathematical and Scientific Literacy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring Student Knowledge and Skills: The PISA 2000 Assessment of Reading, Mathematical and Scientific Literacy
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Ce volume présente “l’approche PISA 2000” de l’évaluation de la littératie en matière de lecture, de mathématiques et de science. Il décrit les instruments d’évaluation de PISA, qu'il s'agisse des contenus que doivent acquérir les élèves, des processus qui doivent être mis en œuvre, ou du contexte dans lequel connaissances et compétences seront appliquées. Chacun des domaines d’évaluation est étayé de nombreux exemples.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264181137
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Grèce 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Grèce 2000
    Keywords: Environment ; Greece
    Abstract: This review of Greece's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789264187658
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment in the Transition to a Market Economy; Progress in Central and Eastern Europe and the New Independent States
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les économies en transition face à l'environnement ; Progrès en Europe centrale et orientale et dans les nouveaux Etats indépendants
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment in the Transition to a Market Economy: Progress in Central and Eastern Europe and the New Independent States
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les économies en transition face à l'environnement : Progrès en Europe centrale et orientale et dans les nouveaux Etats indépendants
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Severe environmental problems were a key issue in the protests that marked the end of communist regimes in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. This groundbreaking book provides new insights into the interaction between economic policy reforms, environmental protection efforts and environmental conditions in the region's subsequent transition to market-based economies and democratic societies over the past eight to ten years. The unique contribution of the book is its synthesis of a vast amount of information and cumulative experience together with detailed examples and case studies to provide a coherent analysis of the challenges and achievements in institutional strengthening and policy reform, environmental policy instruments, environmental financing, and environmental management in enterprises. It also reviews the development of domestic public participation and international co-operation for the safeguarding of the region's environment and discusses trends in industrial pollution and biodiversity protection. The book shows that economic reforms provided a crucial stimulus for environmental improvement, leading to reductions in high pollution levels. Moreover, several countries have strengthened their domestic environmental policies, institutions, and financing, resulting in further improvements. Nonetheless, many serious problems remain, and others have grown worse over the transition period: in many countries of the former Soviet Union in particular, economic crises and political stagnation have impeded environmental protection efforts. Continued partnerships between governments of the region, OECD donor countries, international financial institutions and organisations, environmental NGOs, businesses and trade unions, as well as public support for these, will be essential to reinforce the environmental improvements achieved thus far.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789264187900
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principaux indicateurs économiques ; Sources et définitions 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principaux indicateurs économiques : Sources et définitions 2000
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789264081109
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD;N Neuvoston suositus ohjeiksi kuluttajansuojasta sähköisessä kaupankäynnissä
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Retningslinier for forbrugerbeskyttelse i forbindelse med elektronisk handel
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD retningslinjer for forbrukervern ved elektronisk handel
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Polish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Recomendação do conselho relativa às linhas directrizes que regem A protecção dos consumidores no contexto do comércio electrónico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Slovak version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Swedish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Leitlinien für den Verbraucherschutz im Zusammenhang mit dem elektronischen Geschäftsverkehrs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Recomendación del consejo de la ocde relativa a los lineamientos para la protección al consumidor en el contexto del comercio electrónico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Hungarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linee Guida per la tutela dei consumatori nel contesto del Commercio Elettronico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (japanese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Richtlijnen ter bescherming van consumenten in het kader van de Elektronische handel
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD:N Neuvoston suositus ohjeiksi kuluttajansuojasta sähköisessä kaupankäynnissä
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce are designed to help ensure that consumers are no less protected when shopping on line than they are when they buy from their local store or order from a catalogue. By setting out the core characteristics of effective consumer protection for online business-to-consumer transactions, the Guidelines are intended to help eliminate some of the uncertainties that both consumers and businesses encounter when buying and selling on line. The Guidelines reflect existing legal protections available to consumers in more traditional forms of commerce. Their aim is to encourage: - fair business, advertising and marketing practices; - clear information about an online business’s identity, the goods or services it offers and the terms and conditions of any transaction; - a transparent process for the confirmation of transactions; - secure payment mechanisms; - fair, timely and affordable dispute resolution and redress; - privacy protection; and - consumer and business education.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789264187825
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Review of Agricultural Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE ; Roumanie 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE : Roumanie 2000
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Romania
    Abstract: This study of Romania’s agricultural policies analyses developments from the dramatic events of December 1989 to the present day preparations for accession to the European Union. The Review evaluates key structural issues and examines emerging policy developments in agricultural reform. It includes detailed estimates of support to agriculture, using the OECD’s Producer and Consumer Support Estimates (PSEs/CSEs). A special assessment measures the environmental performance of Romanian agriculture, including the nitrogen balance, against OECD-developed environmental indicators. The report concludes that a key priority for Romania is to remove constraints that impede the flow of labour from agriculture into activities with a higher value-added. Increasing the economic efficiency of the food chain as a whole is essential to enhance Romania’s competitiveness and improve the terms of trade for agricultural producers during the run-up to its EU accession and thereafter.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789264187979
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Irlande 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Irlande 2000
    Keywords: Environment ; Ireland
    Abstract: This review of Ireland's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789264187948
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Keywords: Economics ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: This book gives detailed information about the methods and data sources used to estimate one of the most important statistics for China – the national accounts. For the first time detailed information of this kind is published outside China. The introduction summarises the strengths and weaknesses of the methods used.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264188013
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Luxembourg 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Luxembourg 2000
    Keywords: Environment ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: OECD's comprehensive review of Luxembourg's environmental programs and policies, covering air and water management, nature and biodiversity, sustainable development, the environment-economy interface, the environment-social interface, and international commitments. The review includes relevant statistical information as well as a series of recommendations for strengthening environmental infrastructure, implementing environmental policy and integrating environmental concerns into economic decisions.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180567
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.36
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Norvège 1999
    DDC: 338.91481
    RVK:
    Keywords: Development ; Norway ; Norwegen ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungspolitik
    Abstract: The Development Assistance Committee's 1999 review of Norway's aid policies and programmes. It finds that Norway’s aid effort ranks second among DAC Members in terms of ODA to GNP ratio. Broad national consensus towards Norway’s development assistance is based on strong support by churches and NGOs and on effective development education. In particular, 40% of the bilateral programme administered by Norway is channelled through Norwegian NGOs. There is a strong poverty focus in Norway’s long-term development assistance, with aid flowing predominantly to poor countries with good policies. Norway adopts a three-pronged approach: help the countries to foster economic growth; contribute to social development programmes; and target aid on vulnerable groups. Norway’s operational approaches and budget allocations for poverty reduction can nevertheless be further strengthened, as part of the overall international effort to reduce half the proportion of poor by the year 2015. Norway’s ambitions to contribute to human rights, democracy and peace, have created new policies as well as pressing challenges at the strategic and organisational level. Furthermore, while Norway has been keen on concentrating its bilateral assistance in twelve priority countries, political and humanitarian priorities have emerged as a second element of Norwegian aid, leading to increased geographic dispersion.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180918
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
    RVK:
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264280564
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.36
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Norway 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Norway
    Abstract: L’effort d’aide de la Norvège place ce pays au deuxième rang des Membres du CAD pour ce qui est du rapport de l’APD au PNB. L’aide au développement bénéficie en Norvège d’un large consensus national dû au soutien sans réserve des églises et des ONG, et à une sensibilisation efficace aux problèmes de développement. Quelque 40 % du programme bilatéral administré par la Norvège transitent ainsi par des ONG norvégiennes. L’aide au développement à long terme de la Norvège est fortement orientée vers la réduction de la pauvreté, l’aide allant essentiellement aux pays pauvres menant de bonnes politiques. La Norvège suit à cet égard une triple approche : aider les pays concernés à promouvoir la croissance économique ; favoriser la mise en œuvre des programmes de développement social ; enfin, cibler l’aide sur les groupes vulnérables. Les approches opérationnelles de la Norvège et ses crédits budgétaires à l’appui de la réduction de la pauvreté peuvent, toutefois, être encore renforcés dans le cadre de l’effort général mené à l’échelle internationale pour réduire de moitié la proportion de pauvres d’ici 2015. Les ambitions de la Norvège en ce qui concerne la promotion des droits de l’homme, de la démocratie et de la paix, ont ouvert de nouveaux domaines d’action et généré des défis majeurs aux niveaux stratégique et organisationnel. De plus, si la Norvège s’attache à concentrer son aide bilatérale sur 12 pays prioritaires, les priorités politiques et humanitaires sont devenues un deuxième élément de l’aide norvégienne et en ont accru sa dispersion géographique. Les examens en matière de coopération pour le développement prévus pour l'an 2000 porteront sur les Membres du CAD suivants : la France, la Nouvelle-Zélande, l'Italie, la Suède, la Suisse et le Portugal.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264181076
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ouverture économique et croissance en Chine
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; China, People’s Republic ; China ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Investitionsförderung ; Direktinvestition
    Abstract: China’s remarkable growth in recent years has been often rather arbitrarily ascribed to a number of politico-economic factors. In this volume, the specific effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows is measured quantitatively and estimated on a regional basis. The authors find that there is a much more complex relationship between such flows and growth overall than had hitherto been supposed. While growth associated with FDI flows and a consequent foreign technology input is clearly highest in the coastal, open provinces, geographical dispersion effects can also be identified. In order to avoid widening wealth inequalities, these dispersion effects should be encouraged. Large differences, however, in physical and human capital terms, exist between provinces located on the coast and in the interior of the country and these hinder redistribution of the growth effects of FDI inflows on a national scale. In addition, if China is to continue to benefit substantially from technological progress, domestic research and development capacity will need to be expanded to offset diminishing returns from foreign technology transfers. This implies the adoption of policies designed to increase human capacity development through education and training on a national scale.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264187993
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger ; Hongrie 2000
    DDC: 332.67309439
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Hungary ; Ungarn ; Direktinvestition
    Abstract: An OECD Member country since 1996, Hungary has for the past ten years pursued its economic transition process with extensive reforms encompassing an active and liberal foreign direct investment policy. It has become one of the most attractive environments and preferred destinations for investors in Eastern Europe, with one of the highest per capita FDI inflows in the region. Privatisation has played a key role in the transformation of the Hungarian economy and in attracting FDI. Now, with this process virtually completed, Hungary aims at achieving an FDI ratio of 20 to 25 per cent of total investment by developing further greenfield projects, encouraging reinvestments and promoting small and medium-sized enterprises. This study charts the rise of FDI in Hungary and examines its role in the transition process, assessing the degree of openness of the Hungarian economy to foreign direct investors.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264287976
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Ireland 2000
    Keywords: Environment ; Ireland
    Abstract: Ce rapport consacré à l'Irlande évalue les progrès accomplis ou à faire dans la réduction de la charge polluante, la gestion des ressources naturelles, l'intégration des politiques économique et environnementale et le renforcement de la coopération internationale. Les analyses s'appuient sur un large ensemble de données économiques et environnementales.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789264182462
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    DDC: 621.4838
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The definition of the chemical and isotopic composition of the groundwater present in argillaceous formations, which are considered as potential host rocks for radioactive waste disposal, is crucial for establishing their barrier properties. Therefore, a critical review of the relevant literature on the current methods applied to extract water and solutes and on the various approaches to the interpretation of their results was commissioned to the Laboratoire d’hydrologie et de géochimie isotopique (Université de Paris-Sud, France). The present document provides a synthesis of available extraction methods, assesses their respective advantages and limitations, identifies key processes that may influence the composition of the extracted water, describes modelling approaches that are used to determine in situ porewater composition, and highlights, wherever possible, some of the unresolved issues and recommendations on ways to address them.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264181212
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (396 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Private Pensions Series no.1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Pension systems are changing the world over. Both OECD and non-OECD countries are coming to face the consequences of demographic changes, and some have already embarked on innovative processes of pension reform. In this new environment, employer and personal pension arrangements are expected to gain much prominence. This new OECD series is devoted to improving our understanding of private pension systems worldwide. It will provide an invaluable tool for academics, policy makers and actors in the private sector who will find in it a reference work on the main issues involved in the design, functioning, and regulation of private pension plans. This first volume provides an overview of recent developments in the private pension systems of four OECD countries (Hungary, Mexico, the United Kingdom and the United States) as well as an analysis of institutional investors in Latin America. It also addresses policy issues such as the design of private pension systems and actuarial, solvency and bankruptcy issues.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180956
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Radiation Protection
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stratégies de surveillance et de gestion de données dans les urgences nucléaires
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Since the accident at Chernobyl in 1986, many countries have intensified their efforts in nuclear emergency planning, preparedness and management. Experience from the NEA nuclear emergency exercises (INEX 1 and INEX 2) indicated a need to improve the international system of communication and information in case of a radiological emergency. To address this need, research was carried out by three NEA working groups, the findings of which are synthesised in the present report. This report defines emergency monitoring and modelling needs, and proposes strategies which will assist decision makers by improving the selection of data that is transmitted, and the way in which data and information are transmitted and received. Modern communication methods, such as the Internet, are a key part of the strategies described.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789264082182
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.) , ill.
    DDC: 363.728963
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Integrated performance assessments (IPAs) of radioactive waste repositories deep underground are made at different stages of repository development in order, for example, to allow full-scale development, to provide feedback to R&D, and to test and develop review capability. IPA studies must be acceptable to a wide range of stakeholders and are one of the bases for dialogue amongst regulators and implementers of disposal facilities. The goal of the IPAG-2 study was to examine the experience of regulatory reviews of IPAs, from both the implementer and regulator points of view. Ten implementer and seven regulatory organisations participated. This report presents the lessons learnt from their review experiences, and provides recommendations to aid future regulatory decision making.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789264070257
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (10 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 217; Soil Microorganisms; Carbon Transformation Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 217: Soil Microorganisms: Carbon Transformation Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice décrit une méthode d'essai conçue pour étudier, en laboratoire, les effets potentiels à long terme d'une exposition unique à des produits phytosanitaires et d’autres substances chimiques sur l'activité de transformation du carbone par les micro-organismes de sol. Deux concentrations au minimum de la substance d'essai sont recommandées pour les produits phytosanitaires (cinq pour les autres substances chimiques). Le sol tamisé est divisé en fractions de poids égal (trois pour des produits phytosanitaires, six pour les autres substances chimiques) comprenant des fractions mélangées au véhicule contenant le produit, et le témoin. Trois réplicats au minimum des sols traités et non traités sont recommandés. Après 0, 7, 14 et 28 jours d'incubation, les échantillons de sol traité et le témoin sont mélangés à du glucose, et les taux de respiration induite par le glucose sont mesurés pendant 12 heures d’affilée. Les taux de respiration sont exprimés en dioxyde de carbone émis ou en oxygène consommé. Le taux moyen de respiration des échantillons de sol traités est comparé à celui du témoin et le pourcentage de déviation entre les deux est calculé. Tous les essais durent au moins 28 jours. Si, le 28ème jour, les différences entre les sols traités et non traités sont égales ou supérieures à 25%, les mesures sont continuées à des intervalles de 14 jours jusqu’à un maximum de 100 jours. Les résultats sont analysés en utilisant un modèle par régression, et les valeurs de CEx sont calculées. Quand la différence entre les taux de respiration entre le traitement et le témoin est égale ou inférieure à 25 % pour les mesures effectuées après le 28ème jour, les produits phytosanitaires son considérés comme n'ayant aucun effet à long terme sur la transformation de carbone dans les sols. Les valeurs CE50, CE25 et/ou CE10 sont employées pour les substances autres que des produits agrochimiques.
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789264070226
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (10 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 216; Micro-organismes du sol ; essai de transformation de l'azote
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 216: Micro-organismes du sol : essai de transformation de l'azote
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a laboratory test method designed to investigate the long-term effects of chemicals, after a single exposure, on nitrogen transformation activity of soil microorganisms. Sieved soil is amended with powdered plant meal and either treated with the test substance or left untreated. For agrochemicals, a minimum of two test concentrations are recommended (five for non agrochemicals) and these should be chosen in relation to the highest concentration anticipated in the field. The soil is divided into three portions of equal weight (six for non agrochemicals). Two portions are mixed with the carrier containing the product (five for non agrochemicals), and the other is mixed with the carrier without the product (control). A minimum of three replicates for both treated and untreated soils is recommended. After 0, 7, 14 days and 28 days of incubation, samples of treated and control soils are extracted with an appropriate solvent, and the quantities of nitrate in the extracts are determined. All tests run for at least 28 days. If, on the 28th day, differences between treated and untreated soils are equal to or greater than 25%, measurements are continued to a maximum of 100 days. Results from tests with multiple concentrations are analysed using a regression model, and the ECx values are calculated.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789264061439
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comment financer l'apprentissage à vie ?
    DDC: 374
    RVK:
    Keywords: Continuing education ; Education ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Bildungsökonomie ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: There is broad political support for lifelong learning because it is so vital to sustained economic progress and social cohesion in the "new economy". But its implementation is potentially costly and depends on making the learning process more cost-effective and on securing financial and in-kind resources from the private sector. What can be done to keep lifelong learning from becoming prohibitively expensive, and to ensure that there are strong and transparent incentives to invest in it ? This book looks at recent experience of selected OECD countries as they have articulated their goals and strategies for lifelong learning. It examines policies and practices that influence the rates of return to lifelong learning, and mechanisms that are being put in place to channel financial resources to lifelong learning. It identifies resource issues that need to be addressed if lifelong learning is to be an affordable and workable guide to public policy.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789264181908
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (368 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; La réforme de la réglementation en Hongrie 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : La réforme de la réglementation en Hongrie 2000
    Keywords: Governance ; Hungary
    Abstract: OECD's 2000 review of regulatory reform in Hungary. It finds that after ten years of determined reform, Hungary has constructed the legal and policy frameworks consistent with market democracy, and is nearing completion of an historic economic transition. This challenging process required extensive regulation and institution building, as well as massive deregulation, and has generated significant economic benefits. Today, convergence with the EU and achievement of OECD best practices still represent daunting tasks. But in most areas, Hungary faces challenges much like those of other OECD countries in establishing the quality regulatory regimes needed to support good government and sustainable economic growth. Hungary’s main objectives now are to bring market performance into line with its peers through strengthening competition and improving regulatory governance and social protections. Further reforms will bring important gains in creating jobs, improving sectoral and regional performance, and reducing the costs of public policies.
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789264189386
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; La réforme de la réglementation au Danemark 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : La réforme de la réglementation au Danemark 2000
    Keywords: Governance ; Denmark
    Abstract: OECD's 2000 review of regulatory reform in Denmark. It finds that Denmark’s large welfare state and its open market economy have successfully delivered relatively high standards of living. Danish regulatory reform has proceeded with many pragmatic steps that have contributed to solid economic performance, management of economic and social adjustment to changing conditions, and improved efficiency of government services. However, sheltered sectors, including service industries, still suffer from co-operation and price fixing, contributing to high consumer prices. The competition regime is weaker than in many other countries, and so are regulatory regimes in areas such as energy. Further supply-side and market reforms can help sustain good economic performance, while wider use of competition in public services can improve the level and quality of services. Denmark is among several OECD countries to request a broad review by the OECD of its national regulatory practices and domestic regulatory reforms. This Review presents an integrated assessment of regulatory reform in framework areas such as the quality of the public sector, competition policy and enforcement, and market openness. It also contains chapters on sectors such as electricity and telecommunications, and an assessment of the macroeconomic context for reform. The policy recommendations present a balanced plan of action for both short and longer-term based on best international regulatory practices.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264181588
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.2
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer les charges fiscales ; Quels indicateurs pour demain?
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Taxation ; Steuerbelastung ; Messung
    Abstract: In response to growing demand by policy-makers, various measures to assess tax burdens of households, individual firms and the business sector as a whole have been developed. This study reviews some of the most common measures used to gauge tax burdens of households and corporations. In addition, it provides some illustrative numbers from various sources on tax rates and tax burdens in OECD countries. The study concludes that all current measures reviewed have at least some important shortcomings. Results based on these measures should therefore be interpreted with their limitations in mind, and judged with due caution when used to address policy questions.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180659
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Industry and Services ; Konferenzschrift 1999 ; Welthandel ; Liberalisierung ; Umweltveränderung
    Abstract: How can the environmental effects of trade liberalisation agreements be assessed ? Are available methodologies sufficiently tuned to current concerns? In order to take stock of the state of the art in assessment methodologies, the OECD organised a two-day technical workshop to focus on past practice and new tools for assessing the environmental effects of trade agreements. Some two dozen experts from governments, international organisations, universities international organisations, universities and NGOs active in this area presented lessons from past practice and results of the considerable advances made in recent years. This volume brings together the papers presented during the two-day workshop by the invited experts and the comments from a range of governmental and international organisation practitioners and representatives of civil society who participated in the workshop. In addition to the presentations on methodologies, this book includes the workshop rapporteur's summary of the gaps in the existing research in this field.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264181816
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. De la formation initiale à la vie active ; Faciliter les transitions
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Schulabgänger ; Arbeitswelt ; Integration ; Schulabgänger ; Berufliche Integration ; Lebenslanges Lernen
    Abstract: How did the transition from compulsory education to work change during the 1990s and which types of transition policies worked best? The experiences of 14 OECD countries are examined in this volume to address these two key questions, for as requirements for knowledge and qualifications and skills rise and populations age, few countries can afford to have their young people enter the labour force unequipped for longer term participation in changing career patterns. Taking a broader view of transition outcomes than many previous comparative studies, this study reveals the complex and many-faceted national institutional arrangements that can result in successful transitions to working life. It argues not for single solutions or models, such as the adoption of apprenticeship, but for coherent national policy packages that draw from a limited number of key success ingredients: a healthy economy and labour market, well organised pathways from initial education to work and further study, opportunities to combine study and workplace experience, safety nets for those at risk, effective information and guidance systems, and policy processes involving both governments and other stakeholders. It also looks at the ways that countries are trying to lay solid foundations for lifelong learning during the transition phase through changes to educational pathways and institutions and through adopting more learner-centred approaches to teaching and learning.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789164180322
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 331.6/2/095
    RVK:
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Konferenzschrift 1999 ; Asien ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Krise ; Asien ; Arbeitnehmer ; Migration ; Asien ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: Accompanying a sustained period of economic growth, the flows of labour migrants between the economies of East and South-east Asia grew considerably prior to the recent crisis. These flows have become more diverse and complex rendering necessary the improved monitoring of migration trends and policies in each country as well as bringing forth the need to extend the exchange of expertise and experience between the region's experts and policy makers. What has been the impact of the crisis on national labour markets? How have the different countries modified their approach to the employment of foreign workers? To what extent have foreign workers been affected? These questions are examined in this publication, which identifies the impact of the Asian financial crisis on labour migration and the conditions of migrant workers in the region. In addition to keynote reports on the origins of the crisis and its policy implications, individual case studies on China, Hong Kong (China), Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand present detailed analyses of labour migration, the employment of foreign workers and the recent changes in migration policies.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264187986
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Renforcer l'éthique dans le service public ; Les mesures des pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Confianza en el Gobierno ; Medidas para fortalecer el marco ético en los países de la OCDE
    DDC: 172.2
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Governance ; OECD ; Öffentlicher Dienst ; Ethik ; OECD ; Politische Ethik
    Abstract: Public service is a public trust. Citizens expect public servants to serve the public interest with fairness and to manage public resources properly on a daily basis. Fair and reliable public services inspire public trust and create a favourable environment for businesses, thus contributing to well-functioning markets and economic growth. Public ethics are a prerequisite to public trust and a keystone of good governance. At a time when there is a growing consensus among governments on what should constitute the essential elements of an effective and comprehensive ethics strategy, this book constitutes a unique source of comparative information on ethics management measures in OECD countries. It is designed to facilitate mutual learning and to support the development of modern ethics strategies in both OECD and non-member countries, by providing, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of ethics measures in all 29 OECD countries, including overall trends and promising practices.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264189607
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Investment Guides
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Mongolia
    Abstract: Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an essential component in economic development, in particular for smaller transition economies like Mongolia. For this impact to be realised, the conditions to attract and retain FDI must be created. Despite its isolation and distance from export markets, FDI in Mongolia has been relatively dynamic, aided both by rich natural resources and by the pro-active policies pursued by the Mongolian government. All sectors of the Mongolian economy are open to foreign investors and foreign investment is protected from nationalisation or expropriation. Investment is promoted via a "one-stop shop" which provides a first point of contact and support for foreign investors. The operating environment in Mongolia is evolving to accommodate the requirements of modern businesses. Labour, raw materials and operating costs are competitive and the key legislative acts are in place. Work is progressing to modernise the tax administration. This Investment Guide, published by the OECD’s Centre for Co-operation with Non-Members, provides an overview of the conditions for foreign direct investment in Mongolia. Policy recommendations are made to enhance the attractiveness of the country as an investment venue, including strengthening the legal framework for foreign investment, restructuring the banking system and reinforcing the rule of law.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180260
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les approches volontaires dans les politiques de l'environnement ; Analyse et évaluation
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; OECD ; Selbstverpflichtung ; Mitgliedsstaaten
    Abstract: Voluntary approaches are schemes whereby firms make commitments to improve their environmental performance.They cover arrangements such as public voluntary programmes, negotiated agreements or unilateral commitments. Until recently, voluntary approaches have not been subject to systematic analysis, inasmuch as, unlike taxes and tradable permits, they have not been prescribed by economic theory. Voluntary approaches were "invented" by those who devise and implement them: policy-makers, business associations, individual firms, non-governmental associations, etc. The use of voluntary approaches in environmental policy (e.g.negotiated agreements between Government and industry) is spreading and attracting growing interest in OECD countries. This book provides a systematic analysis of the different types of voluntary approaches, their economic characteristics, their role and effectiveness.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789264180802
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International Symposium on Theory and Practice in Transport Economics no.14
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Quels changements pour les transports au siècle prochain ? ; 14ème Symposium international sur la théorie et la pratique dans l'économie des transports, Innsbruck, 21-23 octobre 1997
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Will the next century see the private sector become more involved in decisions regarding the construction and funding of infrastructure? Which technologies will dominate the transport market? Where will new markets emerge? Will transport still have a social role to play? What safeguards will there be for the environment? Will there still be a role even for the authorities? The list of the questions that transport will pose in the next century is certainly both long and diverse, reflecting as it does the problems now confronting the sector. The aim of the 14th Symposium was to take an initial look at what the future might hold by means of 13 introductory reports -- drafted by rapporteurs from 11 different countries -- and a debate between leading experts in the transport field. This publication goes over the introductory reports and faithfully reflects the substance of the Symposium discussions. By considering the shape of things to come, this review defines the challenges awaiting all those concerned with transport and the solutions open to them.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264181830
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Motiver les élèves ; l'enjeu de l'apprentissage à vie
    DDC: 370.154
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: How to engage and maintain teenagers’ interest in school "work"? Young children rarely lack curiosity, but as they enter the teenage years their appetite for learning often appears to shrink. Many eventually drop out before the end of compulsory schooling. Others continue to turn up for school but make the minimum effort. They are present in body, but not in mind. Such problems are generally associated with Western countries but even Japan and Korea, two of the most academically successful Pacific Rim nations, are not immune. These figures take on new significance in an era when one of the essential survival tools for individuals -- and nations -- is a willingness to learn and re-learn. What can governments and education systems do to inculcate the "zest for learning" that young people will need if they are to thrive in 21st-century post-industrial societies? This is one of the key questions which is addressed in this review of eight countries offering innovative schemes that appear to be developing the skills and attitudes necessary for lifelong learning.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264281141
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Financial Market Trends; No. 71 Volume 1998 Issue 3
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264274037
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Etudes de politique fiscale de l'OCDE no.1
    Series Statement: Études de politique fiscale de l'OCDE no.1
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Taxing Powers of State and Local Government
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.:
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Taxing Powers of State and Local Government
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Steuersystem ; Steuerpolitik ; Steuerhoheit ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Dans de nombreux pays de l'OCDE, les questions relatives au fédéralisme budgétaire occupent le devant de la scène dans le débat politique. Mais il serait souhaitable que les discussions sur l'action à mener dans ce domaine s'appuient sur des chiffres de dépenses et de taxes comparables au niveau international. La publication annuelle Statistiques des recettes publiques de l'OCDE présente les recettes fiscales par sous-secteur de l'administration publique. Cependant, elle n'indique pas le degré de contrôle que les États fédérés et les collectivités locales exercent sur leurs recettes fiscales. En l'absence d'autres sources de données analogues comparables au niveau international, l'OCDE a élaboré un cadre pour évaluer et analyser le degré de contrôle que les administrations infranationales exercent sur leurs impôts. Les résultats présentés dans cet ouvrage mettent en lumière la grande diversité des formes d'autonomie fiscale au niveau des administrations infranationales. Cette publication contient une description des relations fiscales dans la plupart des dix-neuf pays intéressés et offre une série de tableaux détaillés pour chaque pays,avec une ventilation des recettes selon : 1) le niveau d'administration infranational ; 2) la classification des impôts établie par l'OCDE ; et 3) la catégorie d'autonomie fiscale, suivant le cadre élaboré par le Groupe de travail sur l'analyse des politiques et les statistiques fiscales.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and Programme on Educational Building
    ISBN: 9789264180604
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'évaluation des investissements en équipements éducatifs
    DDC: 338.4337
    RVK:
    Keywords: Capital investments OECD countries ; Congresses ; Education Economic aspects ; OECD countries ; Congresses ; Education OECD countries ; Finance ; Congresses ; Education ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Projektfinanzierung ; Bildungswesen ; Evaluation ; Investition ; Projektfinanzierung ; Bildungswesen ; Evaluation ; Investition
    Abstract: The appraisal of the substantial investments which are made in educational facilities remains a largely unexplored field of research. Is it possible to develop reliable and effective criteria for evaluation, given the wide range of parameters from planning and cost-effectiveness of buildings to their impact on the performance of the educational system as a whole? These questions, which are facing every modern educational system, are of concern to investors and funding bodies, as well as those who are responsible for planning, managing and designing educational facilities.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264281035
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2000
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264281264
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving Access to Bank Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Verbesserung des Zugangs zu Bankinformationen für Besteuerungszwecke
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mejorar el acceso a la información bancaria por motivos fiscales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving Access to Bank Information for Tax Purposes (Turkish Version)
    Keywords: Taxation ; Bankgeheimnis ; Steuerfahndung ; Bank ; Finanzbehörde ; Kriminalität ; Bekämpfung ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: Ce rapport a été préparé par le Comité des affaires fiscales afin d'examiner les moyens d'améliorer la coopération internationale relative à l'échange, à des fins fiscales, de renseignements détenus par les banques et les autres institutions financières.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    ISBN: 9789264281097
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Séminaires du Centre de Développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Global Finance from a Latin American Viewpoint
    Keywords: Development ; Lateinamerika ; Internationaler Kapitalmarkt ; Internationaler Kreditmarkt
    Abstract: Le Forum international sur les Perspectives latino-américaines a été créé par la Banque interaméricaine de développement et le Centre de Développement de l’OCDE comme un lieu de débat annuel sur des questions stratégiques intéressant l’Amérique latine et la zone OCDE. Cet ouvrage rassemble les actes de la dixième édition du Forum qui s’est tenue à Paris en novembre 1999. Il en ressort que le système financier international doit être réformé dans le cadre d'un partenariat d'envergure internationale entre les secteurs public et privé, afin d'encourager la stabilité et la croissance. Le Forum s'est interrogé sur la capacité des réformes actuelles des marchés financiers mondiaux à identifier et à corriger les distorsions majeures qui affectent les flux de capitaux entre les pays développés et les pays en voie de développement, évaluant notamment la question du risque moral par rapport au risque souverain. Une attention toute particulière a été accordée aux moyens d'associer le secteur privé à la prévention et la résolution des crises, en particulier dans le cadre du Club de Paris ; aux récentes propositions de révision des Accords de Bâle relatifs aux normes de fonds propres des banques ; et au régime de taux de change adéquat pour l’Amérique latine.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    ISBN: 9789264281646
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Séminaires du Centre de Développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reform and Growth in Africa
    Keywords: Development ; Afrika ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: Comment définir une économie « émergente » ? A cette question, L’Afrique : réforme et croissance fournit des réponses qui apportent un nouvel éclairage sur la diversité du continent africain. La dynamique de la croissance ne saurait se mesurer uniquement en termes économiques. La gouvernance, l’efficacité et le caractère démocratique des institutions ainsi qu’un climat propice aux affaires sont autant d’indicateurs essentiels de la croissance. Toutes ces questions sont liées aux politiques menées ; ainsi, et c’est la conclusion marquante de cet ouvrage (qui s'inscrit en faux contre l’« afro-pessimisme » ambiant), les politiques sont de véritables leviers pour la croissance. Il n’y a donc pas de « mystère africain », mais seulement des politiques déficientes et une mauvaise gouvernance. L’Afrique : réforme et croissance participe à un effort plus général visant à rétablir une situation économique saine dans les pays africains, ce qui ne sera possible qu'en exploitant les expériences nationales et en mettant en oeuvre des réformes adéquates. Cet ouvrage comprend les contributions présentées lors de la première édition du Forum International sur les Perspectives Africaines, qui s’est tenu à Paris en février 2000. Le forum a été créé par la Banque Africaine de Développement et le Centre de Développement de l’OCDE comme un lieu de rencontre annuelle entre les pays africains et les pays de l’OCDE dans le but d’échanger idées et stratégies. L’objectif du Forum est de permettre aux partenaires de mettre en commun leurs expériences et leurs connaissances afin d’exploiter au mieux leurs atouts spécifiques pour trouver des solutions aux problèmes économiques de l’Afrique. Le Forum propose aussi une réunion ouverte pour « tester » ces idées devant un large public venant de domaines aussi divers que la politique, l’administration, le monde universitaire, les médias et les milieux d’affaires.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264281813
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. From Initial Education to Working Life; Making Transitions Work
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. From Initial Education to Working Life: Making Transitions Work
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Schulabgänger ; Berufliche Integration ; Lebenslanges Lernen
    Abstract: Dans quelle mesure la transition de l’enseignement obligatoire à la vie active a-t-elle changé dans les années 1990 ? Quelles sont les politiques les plus performantes ? Ces deux questions clés sont examinées dans cet ouvrage à la lumière de l’expérience de 14 pays de l’OCDE. Dans un contexte où les exigences en matière de niveau d’études et de compétences ne cessent de croître et où les populations vieillissent, peu de pays peuvent se permettre de laisser leurs jeunes entrer mal préparés sur un marché du travail où ils devront gérer sur le long terme des carrières en pleine mutation. Cet ouvrage aborde les résultats en matière de transition d’une manière plus large que la plupart des études comparatives antérieures. Il présente ainsi toutes les facettes des mesures institutionnelles complexes que chaque pays a prises afin d’assurer une transition efficace vers la vie active. L’étude ne prône pas une solution unique, telle que l’apprentissage ; elle préconise plutôt des politiques nationales cohérentes, fondées sur un nombre limité d’ingrédients efficaces : une économie et un marché du travail sains, des passerelles fonctionnelles entre l’éducation initiale, le monde du travail et la formation continue, des opportunités de combiner formation et expérience professionnelle, des filets de sécurité pour les personnes à risques, des systèmes d’information et de conseil performants, et des politiques impliquant aussi bien les gouvernements que les autres partenaires. Ce livre analyse également les différentes façons qu’ont les pays de stimuler l’apprentissage à vie pendant la phase de transition : il peut s’agir de transformer les filières et les établissements d’enseignement ou d’adopter des approches plus centrées sur l’élève.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789264281769
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Literacy in the Information Age; Final Report of the International Adult Literacy Survey
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Literacy in the Information Age: Final Report of the International Adult Literacy Survey
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Alphabetisierung
    Abstract: La littératie à l’ère de l’information, rapport final de l’enquête internationale sur la littératie des adultes, témoigne de la nature et de l’amplitude des déficits en matière de littératie que les pays de l’OCDE doivent encore affronter aujourd’hui. L’ouvrage présente les résultats comparatifs des 20 pays dans lesquels a été menée l’évaluation et apporte un éclairage nouveau sur les facteurs déterminant le développement des compétences des adultes dans les contextes familial et professionnel.Ces résultats font apparaître d’importantes différences dans les niveaux moyens de littératie et dans leur distribution sociale, aussi bien à l’intérieur d’un même pays qu’entre des pays différents. Les faibles compétences ne sont pas caractéristiques des seuls groupes marginaux ; elles se retrouvent dans des proportions significatives, bien que variables, dans tous les groupes d’adultes. Dans la plupart des pays examinés, le niveau de littératie varie considérablement en fonction de l’environnement familial et du niveau d’études. Cependant, la relation entre littératie et niveau d’études est complexe : beaucoup d’adultes ont réussi à atteindre un bon niveau de littératie malgré un faible niveau d’études, tandis que d’autres ont un faible niveau de littératie malgré un niveau d’études élevé.Ces différences ont des incidences aussi bien économiques que sociales. La littératie est déterminante, entre autres, pour la qualité et la flexibilité du travail, pour l’emploi, les opportunités de formation, la rémunération du travail et la participation élargie à la société civique. La nécessité de relever le niveau de littératie de la population demeure un défi important pour les décideurs politiques. Les résultats tendent à démontrer qu’un enseignement scolaire de qualité est important mais insuffisant à lui seul pour atteindre cet objectif. Des mesures doivent être prises aussi bien dans le milieu familial que sur le lieu de travail, l’employeur, notamment, jouant un rôle particulièrement important dans la promotion et la reconnaissance de la littératie.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    ISBN: 9789264282247
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Etudes du Centre de Développement
    Series Statement: Études du Centre de développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Regional Integration and Internal Reforms in the Mediterranean Area
    Keywords: Development ; Trade ; Maghreb ; Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Europäische Union
    Abstract: Les accords de libéralisation des échanges qui ont été signés entre l'Union européenne et les pays du Sud méditerranéen comportent à la fois des risques et des avantages. Ils révèlent également les faiblesses structurelles des pays partenaires, notamment le maintien de comportements de recherche de rente, le cloisonnement des marchés, la faiblesse du secteur privé moderne et les lacunes des systèmes fiscaux. Ces accords portant uniquement sur les produits industriels et non sur les produits agricoles et les services, la concurrence de l'UE risque de supprimer des emplois dans le secteur industriel national sur le court terme. Les auteurs de cette étude soulignent que ces accords pourraient faciliter la restructuration de l'industrie grâce à des transferts financiers, tout comme ils pourraient inciter les producteurs à se diversifier et leur ouvrir de nouveaux débouchés. La mise en œuvre de ces réformes exigera néanmoins une volonté politique de la part des pays du Sud méditerranéen ainsi que des réformes complémentaires de l'Union européenne qui ouvriraient davantage ses marchés pour y inclure les secteurs actuellement exclus du champ d'application des accords. En outre, l'analyse détaillée que font les auteurs des cas de l'Égypte et de la Tunisie montre qu'une réponse régionale aux défis posés par les accords a toutes les chances de s'avérer plus profitable qu'une réponse purement nationale.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264282391
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combating the Illegal Employment of Foreign Workers
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Ausländer ; Illegale Beschäftigung
    Abstract: La lutte contre les entrées illégales, l’irrégularité du séjour et du travail des étrangers s’inscrit au cœur des priorités de la politique migratoire des pays de l’OCDE. La persistance des migrations irrégulières, avec des ampleurs diverses selon les pays, concerne non seulement ceux d’entre eux qui ont affirmé leur volonté de mieux maîtriser les flux et de lutter contre les trafics de main-d’œuvre, mais aussi ceux qui continuent à accueillir chaque année un nombre élevé d’immigrés dans le cadre de politiques actives de recrutement de migrants permanents. Face au rôle croissant joué par les réseaux de trafiquants ainsi que leur implication de plus en plus active dans les mouvements internationaux de main-d’œuvre, le développement d’une politique de prévention et de lutte contre l’emploi d’étrangers en situation irrégulière passe par un renforcement de la coopération aux niveaux national et international. Il faut notamment que les mesures prises dans ce cadre visent le travail non déclaré en général, et pas uniquement l’emploi d’étrangers en situation irrégulière. Par ailleurs, une meilleure communication s’impose : les risques et les sanctions encourues en cas d’emploi de main-d’œuvre illégale devraient être clairement exposés aux employeurs et aux travailleurs des secteurs dans lesquels ces pratiques sont courantes, mais aussi aux employeurs qui recourent de manière occasionnelle à de la main-d’œuvre non déclarée et aux pays d’origine. Certaines mesures spécifiques adoptées par plusieurs pays, dont le système de déclaration préalable à l’embauche, l’incitation financière à l’emploi de travailleurs légaux ou bien la simplification des formalités d’embauche, pourraient être appliquées dans un plus grand nombre de pays. En outre, au sein de chaque pays, le développement du partenariat entre les administrations compétentes, d’une part, et les partenaires sociaux, de l’autre, devrait être encouragé, de même que l’extension de la coopération internationale pour mieux contrôler et maîtriser les flux migratoires.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Combating the illegal employment of foreign workers
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264295919
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (477 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. SET Improving the Environment through Reducing Subsidies Part I and II Part III
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. SET Improving the Environment through Reducing Subsidies Part I and II + Part III
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: Regulatory Reform in the United States 1999
    Keywords: USA ; Regulierung ; Reform
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and Centre for Educational Research and Innovation
    ISBN: 9789264280380
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Inclusive Education at Work; Students with Disabilities in Mainstream Schools
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Inclusive Education at Work: Students with Disabilities in Mainstream Schools
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Integrative Schule ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Les droits des élèves handicapés à être scolarisés, près de chez eux, au sein du système éducatif classique sont de plus en plus reconnus dans la plupart des pays. Rien ne justifie le maintien de structures séparées pour ces élèves dans les systèmes éducatifs publics ; bien au contraire, ce sont ces systèmes qu'il faut revoir pour qu'ils satisfassent les besoins de tous les élèves. A travers une analyse approfondie des pratiques d'insertion scolaire de huit pays, ce livre aborde les questions soulevées pour assurer le succès de ces initiatives. Il ressort de cette étude, qui constitue la comparaison internationale la plus détaillée menée à ce jour, que tous les élèves, quels que soient la nature ou l'importance de leur handicap, peuvent être intégrés dans une scolarité classique pour peu que certaines précautions soient prises.Neuf questions s'affirment d'une importance cruciale : les principes de financement des établissements, les systèmes de contrôle public de l'utilisation des fonds par les écoles, l'évaluation des élèves, l'élaboration des programmes, le ratio maître-élèves, le rôle des aides éducateurs, le fonctionnement des services de soutien, la formation des enseignants et des autres spécialistes, et la participation de la collectivité et des parents. Les études de cas par pays sont complétées par des annexes décrivant la formation la plus efficace à donner aux enseignants spécialisés, et élaborant une procédure d'analyse coût-efficacité pour l'enseignement intégré.Pour en savoir plus Sur le même thème, l'OCDE a déjà publié Implementing Inclusive Education (1997), disponible en anglais uniquement, L'enseignement post-obligatoire pour les personnes handicapées (1997), et L'intégration scolaire des élèves à besoins particuliers (1995). Une analyse quantitative des données fera l'objet de travaux ultérieurs, à paraître en 2000.Pays couverts Allemagne Australie Canada Danemark Etats-Unis Islande Italie Royaume-Uni
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789264180277
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Assainir le parc automobile ; Programmes de renouvellement et de mise à la casse
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Cleaner cars
    DDC: 363.738/7
    RVK:
    Keywords: Kraftfahrzeug ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Schrott ; Europa ; Welt ; Transport ; Wirtschaftskreislauf ; Recyclinggerechte Konstruktion ; Verwertung ; Kraftfahrzeug
    Abstract: Pollution from transport is being cut substantially through exhaust emissions regulations and vehicle manufacturers’ investments in cleaner technologies. The benefits of these improvements, however, are delayed as car fleet renewal takes a decade on average in Europe. Car scrappage schemes can be used to accelerate the uptake of new, cleaner vehicles. This publication analyses the effectiveness of these programmes in protecting the environment and reviews the schemes introduced to date in Europe and North America. Three complementary issues are addressed to help make pragmatic recommendations:- What are the effects of scrapping schemes on the car market and the national economy?- What are the effects of these programmes on the environment?- And can scrappage schemes be useful in former socialist countries?
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264287785
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. No Longer Business as Usual; Fighting Bribery and Corruption
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Las reglas del juego cambiaron ; La lucha contra el soborno y la corrupción
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. No Longer Business as Usual: Fighting Bribery and Corruption
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Las reglas del juego cambiaron : La lucha contra el soborno y la corrupción
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Wirtschaftskriminalität ; Korruption
    Abstract: Pourquoi l’OCDE ainsi que d’autres membres de la communauté internationale se sont-ils mobilisés pour combattre la corruption ? La réponse est simple : la corruption ne respecte pas les frontières, ne fait pas de distinctions économiques et gangrène toutes les formes de gouvernement. À long terme, aucun pays ne peut se permettre de supporter les coûts sociaux, politiques ou économiques qu’induit la corruption. Il n’y a pas si longtemps, corrompre des agents publics dans des pays étrangers pour obtenir des marchés constituait une pratique commerciale, sinon acceptable, du moins tolérée dans de nombreux pays de l’OCDE. Aujourd’hui, le dossier de la corruption fait partie des principales préoccupations des pouvoirs publics à l’échelle mondiale car ses répercussions dramatiques sur le développement économique et ses effets corrosifs sur la stabilité politique et les institutions démocratiques sont devenus de plus en plus évidents.En ce nouveau millénaire, l’OCDE et les gouvernements de ses pays Membres, qui représentent plus de 75 % des échanges et de l’investissement dans le monde vont se soumettre à des règles du jeu plus strictes. La Convention sur la lutte contre la corruption d’agents publics étrangers dans les transactions commerciales internationales va bannir la pratique consistant à corrompre des agents publics étrangers, ce qui contribuera à l’équité et à l’ouverture de la concurrence internationale. La corruption dans les transactions commerciales ne représente qu’une partie du problème. Tout un arsenal d’instruments juridiques destinés à combattre la corruption a désormais été mis au point afin d’améliorer les normes éthiques dans le secteur public, de mettre fin à la déductibilité fiscale des pots-de-vin, de faire reculer le blanchiment de capitaux et d’assainir les pratiques en matière de passation de marchés publics. Quant au secteur privé et à la société civile, ils continueront de jouer un rôle déterminant dans le combat pour faire passer ces nouvelles règles dans la réalité. Cet ouvrage apporte les éléments indispensables pour construire et préserver des institutions, des systèmes et des entreprises privées libérés de la corruption.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264288027
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transition to Responsible Fisheries; Economic and Policy Implications
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transition to Responsible Fisheries: Economic and Policy Implications
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Fischwirtschaft ; Politik ; Wirtschaft ; Empfehlung
    Abstract: Si l'industrie de la pêche veut survivre sur le long terme, il lui faudra adopter des pratiques et des approches plus « responsables ». Il s’agira de revoir non seulement les pratiques mêmes de l'industrie mais également les politiques du secteur public et notamment les approches en matière de gestion des pêches. Cet ouvrage montre quelles voies pourrait prendre une véritable transition vers des pêcheries responsables; il examine les conséquences possibles et recommande une série de mesures visant à accroître la prospérité dans ce secteur. Le travail analytique de l'OCDE sur les pêcheries est mené par le Comité des pêcheries et couvre un large éventail de questions relatives à la gestion, à la conservation des ressources, aux échanges et au développement durable.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789264288171
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Strategic Environmental Assessment for Transport
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport ; Europa ; Güterverkehr ; Umweltverträglichkeit
    Abstract: En matière d’investissement dans les infrastructures de transport, les études d’impact sur l’environnement sont essentielles à la prise de décision. En effet, les méthodes utilisées par le passé pour rendre compte de répercussions plus vastes que celles des projets pris isolément se sont avérées inefficaces ; l’évaluation environnementale stratégique a donc été conçue pour répondre à la nécessité d’analyser les effets à grande échelle, qu'il s'agisse de ceux du trafic sur l’ensemble des réseaux ou bien de ceux qui concernent le changement climatique et la biodiversité, ainsi que pour comparer les effets des décisions des pouvoirs publics à ceux de projets isolés. Ce rapport passe en revue les travaux récemment menés pour perfectionner l'évaluation environnementale au niveau international et formule des recommandations visant à maximiser l’efficacité de ce nouvel instrument.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 2000
    Series Statement: Examens des performances environnementales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Hungary 2000
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789264281691
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integration of European Inland Transport Markets
    Keywords: Transport ; Europäische Union ; Binnenmarkt ; Verkehrswirtschaft ; Wirtschaftliche Integration
    Abstract: L'intégration des marchés intérieurs européens est une question d'actualité qui a suscité de nombreuses actions au cours des dernières années. C'est également la condition sine qua non pour que les relations commerciales et l'activité économique se développent en Europe. Ce livre est un outil essentiel pour tous les professionnels des transports. Il analyse les tendances les plus récentes en matière de transports et d'investissements. Il examine ensuite le processus paneuropéen d'harmonisation des législations et d'adaptation des systèmes de transport et fait le point sur l'émergence de nouveaux itinéraires de transport entre l'europe et l'Asie. Les obstacles au transport international de marchandises par voies routière et ferroviaire lors des passages aux frontières font également l'objet d'un examen minutieux ainsi que la lutte contre la délinquance et la fraude. Enfin, cet ouvrage aborde la question des partenariats public-privé, qui suscite un intérêt croissant, et en tire un certain nombre de conclusions.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and Nuclear Energy Agency
    ISBN: 9789264287631
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Geologic Disposal of Radioactive Waste in Perspective
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Radioaktiver Abfall ; Entsorgung ; Geologie
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 2000
    Series Statement: Examens des performances environnementales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Ireland 2000
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 2000
    Series Statement: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education: Romania 2000
    Keywords: Rumänien ; Bildungspolitik
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264281752
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2000
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and Nuclear Energy Agency
    ISBN: 9789264282025
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Protection radiologique
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Radiological Impacts of Spent Nuclear Fuel Management Options; A Comparative Study
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Radiological Impacts of Spent Nuclear Fuel Management Options: A Comparative Study
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Abgebrannter Kernbrennstoff ; Radioaktive Strahlung
    Abstract: Les matières radioactives rejetées tout au long des principales étapes de la production d’énergie nucléaire peuvent avoir un effet sur la santé publique et l’environnement : il convient d’en tenir compte dans les choix à effectuer parmi les cycles du combustible. Consciente de la situation, l’Agence de l’OCDE pour l’énergie nucléaire (AEN) a réalisé une étude visant à comparer les incidences radiologiques des deux principaux cycles du combustible qui se distinguent l’un de l’autre par le retraitement ou non du combustible nucléaire usé. Après avoir comparé les effets respectifs des deux options tant à partir de modèles et d’hypothèses génériques que de données réelles, l’étude conclut que la différence entre les deux n’est pas significative. Le rapport comporte en annexe une grande quantité de données récentes compilées et évaluées par une équipe internationale d’experts.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264287549
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Modèle de convention fiscale concernant le revenu et la fortune
    Keywords: Doppelbesteuerung ; Einkommensteuer ; Kapitalertragsteuer ; Richtlinie ; OECD OECD-Musterabkommen zur Vermeidung der Doppelbesteuerung
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789264287662
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Legislation in Central and Eastern Europe and the NIS; 2000 Overview
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Legislation in Central and Eastern Europe and the NIS: 2000 Overview
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Osteuropa ; Atomrecht
    Abstract: Cette publication analyse la législation et la réglementation régissant les utilisations pacifiques de l’énergie nucléaire en Europe de l’Est. Elle couvre 11 pays d’Europe centrale et orientale et 11 pays des Nouveaux États indépendants. Tous les chapitres ont été rédigés selon un plan uniforme destiné à faciliter la recherche et la comparaison des informations. Cette publication continuera à faire l’objet de mises à jour régulières. Albanie Kazakhstan Arménie Lettonie Bélarus Lituanie Bosnie-Herzégovine Ouzbékistan Bulgarie Pologne Croatie République de Moldavie Estonie République slovaque Ex-République yougoslave de Macédoine République tchèque Fédération de Russie Roumanie Géorgie Slovénie Hongrie Ukraine
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement 32
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews: Luxembourg 1999
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264181632
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Policies towards full employment
    DDC: 331.12/042/094
    RVK:
    Keywords: Vollbeschäftigung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Konferenzschrift 2000 ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; OECD ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; Beschäftigungspolitik
    Abstract: As we embark on a new century, some 33 million people are out of work in the OECD area. Policies to increase employment have topped most countries' domestic political agendas in the past decade. And employment and unemployment are likely to remain major economic and social challenges for many countries in the years to come. This book presents the proceedings of a conference on labour markets which was organised by the Ministries of Labour and Finance of Finland, with the support of the OECD and the European Commission. It advances thinking on new policy measures, such as active labour market policies and measures to "make work pay" and focuses on specific experiences in a few individual countries, namely the United States, Japan, Finland and Denmark. It includes papers from politicians, high level officials from the European Commission and the OECD Secretariat, social partners and prominent representatives from the academic community. Proceedings of the Helsinki Conference, January 2000.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264181922
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Approfondir les réformes en Corée ; Politiques du marché du travail et protection sociale
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Approfondir les réformes en Corée
    DDC: 331.1109519
    RVK:
    Keywords: Industrial relations Korea (South) ; Labor market Korea (South) ; Labor policy Korea (South) ; Manpower policy Korea (South) ; Social security Korea (South) ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of ; Korea (South) Social policy ; Südkorea ; Fiskalpolitik ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: At the end of 1997, Korea was hit by a major financial and economic crisis, which resulted, among other things, in a huge rise in unemployment. The event caught the country’s labour and social institutions unprepared, so that many workers and their families were hit hard. The economy has now turned the corner. This book shows that government labour and social policies, together with improved basic workers’ rights, have helped minimise the costs of the crisis while also contributing to overcome it. However, this book also highlights the need for further actions in these areas in order to pave the way for a healthy, socially-sustainable economic performance and argues the case that the momentum of reform should not be slowed.
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9789264182240
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Intégration régionale et réformes intérieures en Méditerranée
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Regional integration and internal reforms in the Mediterranean Area
    RVK:
    Keywords: Handelsliberalisierung ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Strukturwandel ; Mittelmeerraum ; Ägypten ; Tunesien ; Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; EU-Staaten ; Mittelmeerraum ; Development ; Trade ; Europäische Union ; Maghreb ; Wirtschaftsbeziehungen
    Abstract: The trade liberalisation agreements signed between the European Union and the southern Mediterranean countries carry risks as well as benefits. They reveal structural weaknesses in the partner countries, including continued rent seeking, market segmentation, a weak modern private sector and inadequate fiscal systems. In the short term, since the agreements only cover industrial goods and not agriculture or services, there is a risk of job losses in the domestic industrial sector due to competition from the EU. The authors of this study highlight the opportunities the agreements offer for supporting reforms to encourage industrial restructuring through financial transfers, providing incentives for producers to diversify, and securing new markets. Achieving the reforms, however, will require political will in the southern Mediterranean countries and complementary reforms in the European Union to open its markets further to include those sectors currently excluded from the agreements. Moreover, as demonstrated by the authors' detailed analysis of the Egyptian and Tunisian cases, a regional response to the challenges posed by the agreements is likely to bring more benefits than a purely national response.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Intégration régionale et réformes intérieures en méditerranée
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264187573
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Marchés publics et environnement ; Problèmes et solutions pratiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Umweltorientierte öffentliche Beschaffung; Probleme und praktische Lösungen
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Greener public purchasing
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Auftrag ; Öko-Produkt ; Umweltzeichen ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Governance ; Umweltverträgliches Produkt ; Öffentliche Beschaffung
    Abstract: Government consumption of products and services in OECD Member countries is estimated to be responsible for 9 to 25% of GDP. Given the importance of public purchasing, national and local authorities have been paying increasing attention to the opportunities to improve the environment by selecting environmentally sounder products. This publication describes the successes, the efforts and the difficulties encountered within Member countries by focusing on the role and concerns of the officials that operate purchasing. Also, it shows how greener public purchasing can support a number of other crucial policy objectives such as the reduction of government operating costs, the improvement of governance, and the reduction of greenhouse gases.
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789264188174
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'évaluation environnementale stratégique dans le secteur des transports
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Strategic environmental assessment for transport
    RVK:
    Keywords: Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Verkehrsplanung ; Umweltbewertung ; Europa ; Welt ; Environmental impact analysis ; Transportation Environmental aspects ; Europe ; Environment ; Transport ; Verkehrspolitik ; Güterverkehr ; Umweltverträglichkeit
    Abstract: Environmental impact assessments are an essential component of making decisions on transport infrastructure investments. Traditional procedures have proved ineffective for impacts that go beyond the scope of projects in isolation. Strategic environmental assessment has emerged in response, to address large scale effects including impacts on traffic across networks, impacts on climate change and biodiversity and the impacts of policy decisions as opposed simply to individual projects. This report examines recent experience in developing environmental assessment internationally and makes recommendations on maximising the effectiveness of this new tool.
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9789264069886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 120; Comportement de dissolution - extraction des polymères dans l'eau
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 120: Comportement de dissolution - extraction des polymères dans l'eau
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a method to analyse the solution/extraction behaviour of polymers in water, which uses the flask method with modifications. Three samples of 10 g of particles of the test substance are weighed into each of three vessels fitted with glass stoppers. 1000 ml of water is added to each vessel. The vessels are tightly stoppered and then agitated at 20 °C normally during a period of 24 hours. Then, the content of each vessel is centrifuged or filtered and the concentration of polymer in the clear aqueous phase is determined by a suitable analytical method. For a direct analysis of the aquous phase one sample size is sufficent. Analysis of the aqueous phase for the total polymeric species is possible either by a sufficiently sensitive method or by vacuum evaporation to dryness of the aqueous extract and spectroscopic or AAS/ICP analysis of the residue. When determination of the solution/extraction behaviour of the polymer consists in determining only the total organic carbon content (TOC) of the aqueous extract, an additional test should be conducted, with two different sample sizes in triplicate, using ten times smaller polymer samples and the same amounts of water as those used in the first test. A gravimetric determination is performed on the undissolved/not-extracted part of the sample.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264185487
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 98 S.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Woods, Adèle Facts about European NGOs active in international development
    DDC: 338.7/4
    RVK:
    Keywords: Entwicklungsorganisation ; Nichtregierungsorganisation ; EU-Staaten ; Norwegen ; Polen ; Schweiz ; Slowakei ; Tschechien ; Türkei ; Electronic books ; Europa ; Nichtstaatliche Organisation
    Abstract: NGOs have moved out of the "amateur" world in which they were once confined into, in many cases, highly professional activities. This statistical analysis demonstrates that there are thousands of development NGOs in European countries with as much as 7.3 billion at their disposal. Supported by a large number of tables and graphs, as well as detailed, individual country surveys, the author provides the first-ever such study of what has become a late-twentieth, early twenty-first century phenomenon. When the results of the study are extrapolated to OECD Development Assistance Committee
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; Preface; Acknowledgements; Introduction and Description of the Data; Characteristics of the European NGO Sector; Establishment; Financial Characteristics; Resources; Sources of Income; Income Concentration; Personnel; Composition; Location; Distribution by NGO Size; Development Co-operation Activities; Activities Supported; Regional Distribution of Support; Development Education; Conclusions; Notes; Annex I: Questionnaire; Annex II: National Target and Survey Populations; Annex III: National NGO Population Profiles; Bibliography
    Note: Description based upon print version of record , Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Les ONG européennes actives dans le domaine du développement
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9789264280373
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Series Statement: Séminaires du Centre de Développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Waging the Global War on Poverty; Strategies and Case Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Waging the Global War on Poverty: Strategies and Case Studies
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Armut ; Wirtschaftspolitik
    Abstract: Eradiquer la pauvreté est depuis longtemps une priorité de la coopération au développement. Mais en dépit des progrès incontestables déjà accomplis, les stratégies déployées au niveau international comme au niveau national continuent de faire l'objet de controverses. La lutte contre la pauvreté reste en effet une question complexe qui implique un grand nombre d'acteurs et recouvre une multitude de dimensions aussi bien économiques, sociales, politiques, qu'environnementales. L'originalité de cet ouvrage est d'adopter une approche aussi ouverte et complète que le permettent les connaissances actuelles pour identifier les pratiques les plus fructueuses. Est-il réaliste de vouloir réduire l'extrême pauvreté de moitié d'ici 2015 ? Quelles sont les stratégies les plus efficaces suivies par les donneurs, qu'il s'agisse des agences de développement ou des pays développés ? Quelles leçons peut-on tirer des expériences des pays en développement ? On le voit, les questions en suspens sont nombreuses. Pour y répondre, cet ouvrage donne un large panorama des stratégies et des objectifs globaux de la lutte contre la pauvreté. Il présente également cinq études de cas particulièrement éclairantes portant sur la Bolivie, la Côte d’Ivoire, l'Etat du Kerala en Inde, la Malaisie et l'Ouganda.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264280410
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Conférences de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Globalisation, Migration and Development
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Globalisierung ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: L’ouverture des échanges et l’augmentation des flux d’investissements qui caractérisent le processus de mondialisation et d’intégration régionale vont-elles faciliter la maîtrise des flux migratoires ? L’accélération de la convergence des économies et l'accroissement des échanges de main-d'oeuvre qualifiée garantiront-ils un développement durable des pays à fort potentiel migratoire ? Cet ouvrage tente de répondre à ces questions. Si la situation démographique et économique diffère notablement en Europe centrale et orientale, dans le Bassin méditerranéen, en Amérique du Nord et en Asie, les mêmes conditions doivent être réunies pour favoriser une intégration régionale plus poussée tout en réduisant à terme l’incitation à émigrer. Il faut notamment réformer le secteur public, assurer le développement des infrastructures socio-économiques, et mettre en oeuvre les mesures permettant d’assainir les circuits financiers, d’attirer les investissements étrangers, de diffuser l’innovation et de promouvoir les transferts de technologies. Il faut enfin garder à l'esprit la dimension géopolitique de l’intégration régionale et le rôle majeur que la valorisation des ressources humaines est appelée à jouer dans les politiques migratoires de demain. Pour en savoir plus - Tendances des migrations internationales - SOPEMI - Édition 1999 - Labour Migration and the Recent Financial Crisis in Asia (disponible uniquement en anglais) - La lutte contre l'emploi d'étrangers en situation irrégulière
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Globalisation, migration and development
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789228280890
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integrating Transport in the City; Reconciling the Economic, Social and Environmental Dimensions
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integrating Transport in the City: Reconciling the Economic, Social and Environmental Dimensions
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Stadtentwicklung ; Verkehrsentwicklung
    Abstract: Les transports entraînent des problèmes de congestion urbaine de plus en plus préoccupants. Les nouvelles infrastructures de transport font par ailleurs naître des différends sur la façon d'imputer au public le coût des services nouveaux et de concilier la demande de déplacement avec les efforts pour améliorer la qualité de la vie urbaine dans ses dimensions sociale et environnementale. Si ces contradictions ne sont pas surmontées, les partenariats entre les secteurs public et privé auront du mal à se développer. La solution passe par la mise en oeuvre de toute une panoplie de stratégies reposant sur une politique d’information et de communication renforcée à destination du public, des projets mieux conçus pour prendre en compte les objectifs sociaux et environnementaux, une approche de l’aménagement urbain holistique plutôt que sectorielle et des échanges de compétences plus intenses entre les secteurs public et privé. Ce livre s’inspire d’une série d’études de cas, montrant aussi bien des réussites que des échecs, menées dans des pays tels que l'Australie, les Etats-Unis, la France, le Japon ou le Royaume-Uni. Afin d'éclairer ce débat majeur et faciliter la conception de nouvelles stratégies d'intégration des transports dans la ville, ce livre expose les voies les plus prometteuses pour : - répondre aux problèmes du transport urbain ; - améliorer les partenariats public/privé ; et - rendre socialement plus acceptables les nouveaux projets d'infrastructures et les péages routiers.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264281073
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Etudes du Centre de Développement
    Series Statement: Études du Centre de développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Economic Opening and Growth in China
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: On a souvent attribué arbitrairement à un certain nombre de facteurs politico-économiques la croissance remarquable de l’économie chinoise de ces dernières années. Cet ouvrage mesure quantitativement l’effet spécifique des entrées de capitaux au titre de l’investissement direct étranger (IDE) et en donne des estimations par régions. La relation entre ces flux et la croissance générale de l’activité économique est beaucoup plus complexe qu’on ne le pensait jusqu’ici. Même si les provinces côtières, ouvertes sur l’extérieur, sont manifestement celles où la croissance associée à l’IDE et à l’apport de technologie étrangère qui en découle est la plus importante, on observe également des effets de dispersion géographique. Or, pour éviter que les inégalités de richesse se creusent, ces effets de dispersion doivent être encouragés. Toutefois, les disparités importantes existant, en termes de capital physique et humain, entre les provinces côtières et celles de l’intérieur entravent la redistribution des effets qu’a l’IDE sur la croissance à l’échelle nationale. De plus, pour continuer à bénéficier du progrès technologique de façon significative, la Chine devra développer ses propres capacités de recherche et de développement afin de compenser la rentabilité décroissante des transferts de technologie étrangère. Cela suppose l’adoption de mesures favorisant le développement des capacités humaines, à travers la formation initiale et continue à l’échelle nationale.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Economic opening and growth in China
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