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  • 1995-1999  (507)
  • OECD  (507)
  • NetLibrary, Inc
  • University of Virginia Library
  • World Bank Development Research Group
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (507)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9789264263659
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273030
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264280106
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789264272149
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264272798
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789264273672
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264280199
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264272552
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264274068
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173149
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180161
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273696
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273061
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173149
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180192
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264263949
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264173859
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; France
    Abstract: The optimisation of the nuclear fuel cycle is a key issue for the sustainability of nuclear energy. This book presents the papers from a workshop which investigated alternative nuclear energy futures, with emphasis on back-end of the fuel cycle options that could enhance the sustainability of nuclear energy in the long term, to 2050 and beyond. The papers lay out the conditions that need to be fulfilled for nuclear energy to remain a viable option and highlight the technological and strategic developments underway to address those issues. Subjects covered include natural resource management, radioactive waste minimisation, cost reduction and proliferation resistance aspects of alternative reactor and fuel cycle technologies.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172913
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (142 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Road Transport and Intermodal Linkages Research Programme
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stratégies de sécurité routière en rase campagne
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: More than 75 000 people are killed each year on rural roads in OECD countries; this represents about 60% of fatal road crashes. This loss of lives has an economic cost of around US$135 billion per year. The relative share of rural road fatalities in total road fatalities has risen from less than 55% in 1980 to more than 60% in 1996. While there has been a reduction in the total number of road fatalities in OECD countries during the past 20 years, it is clear that safety improvements on motorways and urban roads have been more successful than those on rural roads. Following an in-depth review of the characteristics of road crashes in rural areas, the book proposes a series of safety measures, focusing on infrastructure management, enforcement, innovative tools, such as intelligent transport systems, and trauma management. The book strives to raise the awareness of road users, decision makers and politicians of the importance of road safety in rural areas. It is a very useful handbook for local, regional or national authorities seeking to improve -- sometimes at very low cost -- safety on rural roads.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172920
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: How can the social and behavioural sciences contribute more effectively to solving the problems of society? Authoritative experts and policy makers examine the current state and status of the social sciences and present their views on what needs to be done. The authors, who represent OECD countries with diverse traditions and experience, discuss in particular the need to restructure social sciences, to better link them to policy making, to strengthen related basic research, to take advantage of progress made in information technologies for large-scale surveys and data storage, etc. Illustrative developments concern youth and urban problems, education reforms, immigration and environmental policies.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264164079
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.30
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Communauté Européenne 1998
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Development ; OECD
    Abstract: The European Community (EC) is the world's second largest multilateral channel for development assistance (after the World Bank). Its combined programmes are the fifth-largest among the 22 Members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC), and EC programmes have grown an average 3.3 per cent annually over the past five years, while the combined effort of DAC countries declined by 4.7 per cent annually. The Community's allocation of resources to lower income countries has not kept pace, however, with the overall growth of the ODA budget over recent years. EC programmes operate within a complex organisation and management structure, and Brussels faces serious challenges of implementation in adapting its operations to achieve agreed development objectives. There have been important steps in the evolution of the European Commission structures: a Common Service has been created to implement co-operation activities for the four Directorates General. But there is still a need to strengthen the capacity of delegations in the field to work fully with partners in advancing local ownership and co-ordination. The EC has a strong role to play in improving the coherence of policies affecting developing countries. The report analyses this question in fields such as agriculture, trade, fisheries agreements and Community fishing fleet subsidies. Co-ordination with other donors also seems to be improving, which bodes well for better overall partnerships between donors and partner countries. In 1998, the development co-operation policy of the following DAC Member countries will be reviewed: Canada, Finland, Germany, Luxembourg, Spain, and the United States.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264264076
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.30
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; European Community 1998
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: La Communauté européenne (CE) est le deuxième donneur multilatéral d'aide au développement (après la Banque mondiale). Elle se classe au cinquième rang des 22 Membres du Comité d'aide au développement (CAD) de l'OCDE par l'ensemble de ses programmes, qui ont connu une croissance moyenne de 3.3 pour cent par an au cours des cinq dernières années, tandis que l'effort global des Membres du CAD accusait un recul de 4.7 pour cent par an. Les ressources allouées par la Communauté aux pays à faible revenu n'ont cependant pas progressé au même rythme, ces dernières années, que le budget d'APD dans son ensemble. Les programmes de la CE sont régis par une organisation et des structures de gestion complexes, et la Commission est confrontée, en matière de mise en oeuvre, à un réel défi pour adapter son mode de fonctionnement à la poursuite des objectifs convenus dans le domaine du développement. D'importants remaniements ont été opérés dans la structure de la Commission européenne, notamment avec la création d'un Service commun chargé de la mise en oeuvre des activités de coopération pour le développement arrêtées par les quatre directions générales. Il reste cependant nécessaire de renforcer la capacité des délégations sur le terrain à travailler de concert avec les partenaires afin que ceux-ci fassent leurs les politiques mises en place et que la coordination soit optimale. La CE a un rôle décisif à jouer dans l'élaboration de politiques de développement plus cohérentes. C'est ce que souligne ce rapport à travers l'analyse de domaines comme l'agriculture, les accords de pêche et les subventions à la flotte de pêche de la Communauté. La coordination avec les autres donneurs semble quant à elle sur la bonne voie, ce qui est de bon augure pour l'avenir du partenariat entre donneurs et pays bénéficiaires. Les examens du CAD en matière de coopération pour le développement prévus en 1998 concernent, outre la Communauté européenne, les Membres du CAD suivants : l'Allemagne, le Canada, l'Espagne, les Etats-Unis, la Finlande et le Luxembourg.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264274495
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.27
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Spain 1998
    Keywords: Development ; Spain
    Abstract: Le gouvernement espagnol a entrepris de gros efforts pour consolider le cadre de sa politique de coopération pour le développement et améliorer la qualité et la transparence de son aide. Un projet de loi sur la coopération pour le développement a été soumis au Parlement à l'automne 1997 et de nouveaux systèmes de planification et d'évaluation destinés à faciliter la gestion de l'aide sont en cours de mise en place, dont un plan indicatif pluriannuel et des programmes par pays. Malgré de sérieuses contraintes budgétaires, il est par ailleurs envisagé d'accroître le budget de l'aide. Ces initiatives ont été accueillies favorablement par le Comité d'aide au développement (CAD) de l'OCDE à l'occasion de l'examen de la politique et du programme d'aide de l'Espagne. Le Comité a également pris note du net rééquilibrage de l'effort d'aide espagnol où l'accroissement sensible du programme d'aide sous forme de dons s'est accompagné d'une diminution des crédits d'aide liée du Fonds d'aide au développement (FAD), et il a exprimé le voeu que cette tendance se poursuive. Le CAD a encouragé les autorités espagnoles dans leur effort pour garantir une plus grande cohérence des crédits du FAD avec les objectifs de coopération pour le développement et les orientations générales de l'aide espagnole. Eu égard aux bonnes pratiques en vigueur parmi les donneurs, le Comité s'est déclaré favorable aux mesures visant à rehausser l'efficacité du programme d'aide de l'Espagne et la capacité de ce pays de le mettre en oeuvre, et a invité les autorités espagnoles à réfléchir à un certain nombre d'autres initiatives destinées notamment à : - garantir une application plus rigoureuse des critères de développement pour l'identification et la sélection des projets financés par des crédits du FAD et une meilleure coordination de ces derniers avec le programme de dons, une attention particulière étant accordée à la situation des pays très endettés ; - poursuivre les efforts engagés pour doter l'AECI d'une plus grande autonomie au regard des règles administratives et en matière de recrutement, afin d'en améliorer la souplesse de fonctionnement et le professionnalisme, de sorte qu'elle puisse fonctionner dans le cadre de la loi envisagée ; - réaliser une étude sur la liaison de l'aide afin d'en mieux appréhender les avantages et les inconvénients et d'alimenter le débat sur cette question à l'échelon national ; - continuer d'améliorer les méthodes d'administration des subventions aux ONG. En 1998, les examens de la politique de coopération pour le développement concerneront les pays Membres du CAD suivants : Allemagne, Canada, Communauté européenne, Etats-Unis, Finlande, et Luxembourg.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264273719
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (420 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform; Regulatory Reform in Japan 1999
    Keywords: Governance ; Japan
    Abstract: La réforme de la réglementation est au coeur de la stratégie de redressement économique et de croissance à long terme du Japon. Des progrès considérables ont déjà été accomplis pour réaliser cette priorité identifiée dès 1994 par le gouvernement japonais, mais il est aujourd'hui indispensable d'approfondir et d'accélérer la réforme de la réglementation. Cet ouvrage prône une rupture radicale avec les pratiques réglementaires et les doctrines du passé. Des mesures énergiques, relevant à la fois de la réforme sectorielle et de la réforme des conditions cadres, doivent être adoptées rapidement pour parachever le passage d'un modèle de croissance induite par l'Etat, devenu largement inopérant, à un modèle de croissance impulsée par le marché, seul à même de jeter les bases d'une compétitivité et d'une prospérité durables au Japon. Le Japon est l'un des premiers pays à avoir demandé à l'OCDE de procéder à un examen général de ses pratiques réglementaires et des réformes de la réglementation menées à l'échelon national. Cet ouvrage est le fruit de l'évaluation approfondie menée par l'OCDE et d'un examen par ses pays Membres. Il présente une évaluation intégrée sans équivalent de la réforme de la réglementation dans les domaines aussi essentiels que le contexte macro-économique, la qualité du secteur public, la politique de la concurrence et sa mise en oeuvre, ainsi que l'intégration des principes d'ouverture du marché dans les processus réglementaires et dans des secteurs tels que l'électricité et les télécommunications. Les politiques recommandées offrent un plan d'action équilibré à court et à plus long terme fondé sur les meilleures pratiques réglementaires à l'échelon international. Pour en savoir plus A lire dans la même collection : La réforme de la réglementation aux Etats-Unis, La réforme de la réglementation au Mexique et La réforme de la réglementation aux Pays-Bas. L'analyse de fond dont découlent ces premiers examens par pays est présentée dans le Rapport de l'OCDE sur la réforme de la réglementation : Rapport de synthèse et dans les deux volumes du Rapport de l'OCDE sur la réforme de la réglementation : Etudes sectorielles et Etudes thématiques, publiés en 1997.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273085
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.33
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Denmark 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Denmark
    Abstract: L'aide publique au développement (APD) du Danemark dépasse, en volume, celle des 21 autres Membres du Comité d'aide au développement (CAD) de l'OCDE. Depuis 1992, l'APD danoise se maintient en effet aux alentours de 1 % du produit national brut (PNB), en volume, et ce grâce à la vigueur du consensus que suscite l'aide au développement et du soutien qu'elle recueille dans l'opinion publique. L'effort d'aide danois se distingue également par sa qualité. Abstraction faite de son volume, l'aide danoise s'appuie sur une stratégie à long terme bien définie, dont les grands axes - en particulier la place centrale qui y est faite à la réduction de la pauvreté - sont conformes à la stratégie de partenariat pour le développement approuvée par le CAD en 1996. Le Danemark a réussi à concentrer son aide bilatérale sur 20 pays, dont 18 sont des pays à faible revenu ou comptent parmi les pays les moins avancés. L'aide est en outre ciblée sur des secteurs qui présentent une importance particulière pour les pauvres et sur des programmes destinés aux régions les plus démunies de ces pays, contribuant ainsi à faire refluer la pauvreté. Le Danemark mène, depuis 1996, une politique de « multilatéralisme actif » afin que soit pris en considération son souci d'amélioration du ciblage et de l'efficacité des programmes multilatéraux. Il n'est toutefois pas évident que cette démarche ait vraiment contribué à produire les résultats escomptés, car elle s'apparente encore davantage à de l'unilatéralisme qu'à une entreprise commune. Le Danemark fournit depuis longtemps un bel exemple des avantages qu'on peut retirer de l'intégration du système d'aide aux autres aspects des relations extérieures. Dans le cas de ce pays, cette intégration a contribué à la fois à la cohérence des relations avec les pays en développement et au professionnalisme du programme d'aide, lesquels sont encore renforcés par une décentralisation effective des responsabilités aux ambassades danoises dans les pays du programme. Grâce à cette approche intégrée, les services responsables de l'aide danoise au développement (Danida) ont pu entreprendre, depuis 1994, d'abandonner l'aide-projet au profit d'une aide-programme sectorielle (APS), en synergie avec la stratégie de partenariat préconisée par le CAD. Cette démarche implique un renforcement des activités de coordination, à la fois entre donneurs et avec les pays partenaires, auquel le Danemark est tout à fait favorable. En 1999, la politique de coopération pour le développement des pays du CAD suivants sera examinée : Australie, Autriche, Danemark, Irlande, Japon et Norvège.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273337
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.35
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Ireland 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Ireland
    Abstract: L’année 1999 marque le 25ème anniversaire du programme d’aide publique de l’Irlande « Irish Aid ». Ces cinq dernières années, le volume de l’aide publique au développement (APD) de l’Irlande a progressé en moyenne de 20 pour cent par an en termes réels, soit plus rapidement que celui de n'importe quel autre Membre du Comité d’aide au développement (CAD) de l’OCDE. Selon les données préliminaires dont on dispose, l’aide de l’Irlande a atteint 0.30 pour cent du PNB en 1998, ce qui représente près du double de son niveau de 1992, et devrait atteindre 0.35 pour cent en 1999. Après six ans de croissance remarquable en volume et d’amélioration de la qualité de l’aide, l’essentiel de la hausse intervenue en 1999 a été destiné à des mesures d’allégement de la dette, aux contributions à l’Union européenne, à des opérations humanitaires d’urgence et au soutien aux réfugiés en Irlande et non au financement des programmes de développement à long terme administrés par le ministère des Affaires étrangères. Toutefois, la volonté politique qu’a exprimée le ministre des Finances en faveur de l’aide permettra d’assurer une augmentation de l’enveloppe budgétaire consacrée à la partie du programme dont s’occupe le ministère des Affaires étrangères en 2000 et 2001. Le programme d’aide irlandais se heurte à deux difficultés : comment assurer au mieux son expansion et comment gérer au mieux cette expansion ? C’est à l’évidence à l’Irlande qu’il appartient de résoudre ces difficultés, mais le Comité d’aide au développement peut mobiliser son expérience collective pour aider l’Irlande à y réfléchir. Un point de départ, tiré de l’expérience d’autres pays, est que l’Irlande doit conserver et même renforcer le ciblage de son programme, qui est à l’heure actuelle l’un de ses points forts. Les examens en matière de coopération pour le développement prévus pour l’an 2000 porteront sur les Membres suivants du CAD : France, Nouvelle-Zélande, Italie, Suède, Suisse et Portugal.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789264173750
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture ; Vol. 1; Concepts et cadre d'analyse Vol.2; Questions clés et conception -- "Le séminaire de York"
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: This book, the result of the OECD York Workshop in the United Kingdom attended by some of the leading experts in the field, examines two key aspects of developing environmental indicators for agriculture. One discusses the identification and design of suitable indicators, the methodology to be used in their measurement and issues relating to interpretation. The other looks at how governments and other users would use indicators for policy purposes.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174030
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les pouvoirs fiscaux des administrations infranationales
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation
    Abstract: In many OECD countries, issues in fiscal federalism feature prominently in the political debate. Policy discussions in this area should preferably be supported by internationally comparable statistical information on fiscal relations between levels of government, both in the areas of taxation and spending. The annual OECD Revenue Statistics publication reports tax revenues by sub-sector of general government. However, it does not indicate the degree of control state and local governments exercise over their tax revenues. Because such data are not available on an internationally comparable level from other sources, the OECD has developed a framework to assess and analyze the degree of control that sub-central governments have over their taxes. Results shown in this book serve to illustrate the great variety in tax autonomy at the level of sub-central government. This volume contains a description of fiscal relations in most of the nineteen countries concerned and it provides a set of detailed tables for each country, with revenues split by 1) level of sub-central government; 2) OECD classification of taxes; and 3) category of tax autonomy, following the framework developed by the Working Party on Tax Policy Analysis and Tax Statistics.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789264172586
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (484 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Environment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Environmental permits have played a major role in improving industry's environmental performance across the last few decades. Because they adopt a precautionary approach during the setting of environmental requirements, permitting strategies have also favoured pollution prevention. However, current permitting systems will have to adapt to address growing pressures on the environment. How are OECD countries currently meeting this challenge? What are the main features of the laws, regulations, policies and practices governing the negotiation and delivery of industrial permits in OECD countries? This publication's three volumes give new insights into these questions. Volume 1 contains a policy study entitled Environmental Requirements for Industrial Permitting: Approaches and Instruments. This report is the first comprehensive review of permitting practices for industry in OECD Member countries. It explores the principles behind environmental permits and identifies major trends in their use. In particular, the report examines how technology-based requirements and environmental quality objectives are used together to develop permit conditions. Results are also presented from four sectoral case studies of the iron and steel, metal finishing, pulp and paper, and oil refining industry . Volume 2 contains the proceedings of an unprecedented OECD workshop on "Environmental Permitting of Industrial Facilities". This international workshop brought together nearly 100 government experts, regulators, permit writers, industry permit holders and other private sector representatives from OECD Member and Observer countries in Europe, North America and the Asia-Pacific region. Considering the wide range of policies, practices and viewpoints discussed, the workshop represented a significant step toward a mutual international understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of current environmental permitting systems. Volume 3 provides a valuable reference guide on regulatory approaches to environmental permitting in OECD countries. It presents the main features of the laws, regulations, policies and practices governing the negotiation and delivery of industrial permits in eighteen OECD Member countries, the European Union and other international organisations.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Edition: Edition 1998
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews 30
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Communauté Européenne 1998
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264272095
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: 23
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. STI Review, Volume 1998 Issue 2; Special Issue on Public/Private Partnerships in Science and Technology
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. STI Review, Volume 1998 Issue 2: Special Issue on Public/Private Partnerships in Science and Technology
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264266773
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Battle against Exclusion; Social Assistance in Belgium, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and Norway
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Battle against Exclusion: Social Assistance in Belgium, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and Norway
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Belgium ; Czech Republic ; Netherlands ; Norway
    Abstract: Les institutions ayant pour mission d'aider les personnes démunies sont un élément caractéristique de la vie sociale depuis des siècles. Aujourd'hui, les institutions d'aide sociale ont pour objectif d'intégrer et d'encourager ces personnes afin d'éliminer exclusion et stigmatisation. La pauvreté peut fortement éprouver le tissu social. Pourtant, éviter la misère aux personnes sans ressources tout en réduisant l'exclusion et la marginalisation n'est pas chose facile. Comment l'aide sociale peut-elle concilier au mieux ces objectifs et réduire au minimum les effets dissuasifs sur la recherche d'emploi rémunéré ? Que peut-on faire pour promouvoir autonomie et responsabilité individuelle ? Cet ouvrage compare les politiques d'aide sociale de quatre pays : la Belgique, la Norvège, les Pays-Bas et la République tchèque. Bien qu'à première vue ces pays semblent très différents, ils sont en fait confrontés aux mêmes dilemmes. Certes, l'action au niveau local est indispensable pour identifier et aider les exclus, mais le souci de l'équilibre entre deux exigences -- veiller à ce que des ressources suffisantes soient disponibles au niveau local tout en limitant les budgets de façon à assurer une utilisation efficiente des ressources -- est une préoccupation constante. Les gouvernements sont déterminés à lutter contre la pauvreté, mais des prestations trop élevées pourraient avoir un effet démobilisateur à l'égard du travail. La question de savoir si les bénéficiaires de prestations sont « prêts à occuper un emploi » ou s'il convient d'accroître l'aide sociale reste parfois sujette à controverse chez les divers organismes concernés. Aucun des quatre pays n'a encore trouvé de système qui permette d'éviter l'exclusion, mais tous sont parvenus à en limiter l'étendue grâce à des politiques novatrices.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174474
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Décentralisation et infrastructure locale au Mexique ; Une nouvelle politique publique de développement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Décentralisation et infrastructure locale au Mexique : Une nouvelle politique publique de développement
    DDC: 352.2/83/0972
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Mexico ; Mexiko ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Dezentralisation
    Abstract: This publication sheds light on the issue of decentralisation in Mexico. It shows that decentralisation can make decision-making more efficient and increase local participation in development issues. Decentralisation can provide a better framework to improve local infrastructure and to channel the necessary finance from public and private sources. The modernisation of infrastructure systems in Mexico's cities and regions would improve the quality of life and stimulate economic development, thus fostering entrepreneurship and employment. The initiatives being launched in Mexico in this direction constitute a major change of the country, one better adapted to the opportunities of the global economy and to the country's increasingly pluralistic system. Over time, Mexico will make better use of its own natural and human resources, reducing inequality and broadening opportunity throughout its territory.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264189416
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gérer les systèmes nationaux d'innovation
    RVK:
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftspolitik
    Abstract: With the emergence of a knowledge-based society, innovation has become an increasingly important factor in the competitiveness of firms, the prosperity of nations and dynamic world growth. Innovation uses scientific progress to meet the changing needs of society and is thus one of the keys to sustainable development. Promoting innovation is now a high priority in most OECD countries. However, the pursuit of this objective is often hampered by an inadequate understanding of the extent to which the mechanisms of innovation are being transformed by globalisation, the development of information and communications technologies and the expanding scientific knowledge base. Drawing on new empirical data, this book analyses the fundamental changes in the linkages between industry and the science system as well as in the nature of the competencies required for firms to innovate. The changes which are transforming the respective roles of competition and co-operation in stimulating innovation and which are enabling enterprise creation and SMIs to play an increasingly active role in innovation are also examined. This book shows that innovation performance depends on the way in which the different components of the "innovation system" -- businesses, universities and other research bodies - interact with one another at the local, national and international levels, and concludes that the public authorities must change their approach to the promotion of innovation. This study defines the aims and tools of this new innovation policy and identifies examples of good policy practice recently implemented in OECD countries.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement 33
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews: Denmark 1999
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173194
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La politique de la ville en Allemagne ; Vers un développement urbain durable
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stadtentwicklungspolitik in Deutschland; Auf dem Weg zur Nachhaltigen Städtischen Entwicklung
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La politique de la ville en Allemagne : Vers un développement urbain durable
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stadtentwicklungspolitik in Deutschland: Auf dem Weg zur Nachhaltigen Städtischen Entwicklung
    RVK:
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Germany ; Deutschland ; Stadtentwicklung ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Germany has long been a pioneer in urban policy. The country has aimed at sustainable urban development in order to tackle all the various economic, social and environmental challenges facing cities. Integrated policy responses and innovative measures have been introduced to help revitalise city centres and cope with suburban growth, rising motor traffic and social change. This book analyses these steps against the background of features specific to Germany: its federal system, the unification process, and its polycentric urban pattern. Urban policy is an effective means of addressing a range of problems inherited from the past, while preparing for a more sustainable future. Over and above the features and findings specific to Germany, the book argues for an integrated and forward-looking multisectoral approach that cannot be guided solely by economic logic and will provide tangible responses to the key question: what kind of cities do we want for the future?
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789264173293
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 338.1/851
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; China, People’s Republic ; Konferenzschrift ; China ; Agrarpolitik ; OECD ; Agrarpolitik
    Abstract: The pace of growth in China's agricultural sector is remarkable. Over the past 20 years, food production has outpaced population growth, and enhanced the nutritional status of a billion people. But this success has given rise to a number of questions. Most importantly, will China be able to provide food for its population in a sustainable way, while absorbing the 15 million people added to its population each year? What policies should accompany China’s transition to a market-based economy in the agricultural sector which employs the vast majority of China’s working population? What are the implications of economic and agricultural growth for the environment, the rural communities and the social fabric? What are the implications for international agricultural markets and what could be at stake for other food importing countries? Determining how this demand for food will be met requires a complex analytical framework whose parameters are the subject of an intense discussion and debate. The proceedings of this workshop provide a rich repository of material that helps answer many of these questions.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education: Tertiary Education and Research in the Russian Federation 1999
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173965
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La corruption dans le secteur public ; Panorama international des mesures de prévention
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La corruption dans le secteur public : Panorama international des mesures de prévention
    RVK:
    Keywords: Governance ; Öffentlicher Sektor ; Korruption ; Prävention
    Abstract: Integrity is a fundamental pre-condition for governments seeking to provide a trustworthy and effective framework for the economic and social life of their citizens. The cost of corruption to governments is increasingly well known and documented. It is now widely recognised that countering corruption and promoting public integrity are critical for sustained economic development. Corruption, however, is not a cause but a consequence: as much the result of systemic failure as individual dishonesty. Preventing corruption is as complex as the phenomenon of corruption itself and a combination of interrelated mechanisms, including sound ethics management systems, specific prevention techniques and effective law and law enforcement, are needed for success. It is therefore invaluable, in taking action against corruption, to have an understanding of the relevant legal, civil service and management systems employed by a range of countries to counter corruption. This book surveys the measures that 15 OECD countries are currently using to protect their domestic public institutions against corruption. It is a companion to Ethics in the Public Service: Current Issues and Practice, OECD 1996.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273962
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Public Sector Corruption; An International Survey of Prevention Measures
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Public Sector Corruption: An International Survey of Prevention Measures
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: L’intégrité est un élément indispensable de l’environnement économique et social. Le coût de la corruption pour l’État est de mieux en mieux connu et documenté, et il est largement admis que la lutte contre la corruption et la promotion de l’intégrité publique sont essentielles à un développement économique durable. Cependant, la corruption n’est pas une cause mais une conséquence : elle est le résultat de l’échec des systèmes autant que de la malhonnêteté des individus. La prévention de la corruption est une entreprise aussi complexe que le phénomène lui-même, et elle requiert une combinaison de mécanismes notamment de bons systèmes de gestion de la déontologie, des techniques spécifiques de prévention ainsi que des lois efficaces, et efficacement appliquées. La connaissance des systèmes légaux, de fonction publique et de gestion en place dans un nombre significatif de pays est donc d’une valeur inestimable pour qui veut prendre des mesures contre la corruption. Cet ouvrage passe en revue les mesures prises par 15 pays de l’OCDE pour protéger leurs institutions publiques nationales contre la corruption. Il va de pair avec L’éthique dans le service public : Questions et pratiques actuelles, OCDE, 1996.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264274235
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade, Investment and Development; Policy Coherence Matters
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade, Investment and Development: Policy Coherence Matters
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade
    Abstract: Le développement devrait pouvoir progresser plus rapidement que jamais dans la nouvelle économie mondiale. Si l'ouverture des économies en développement aux échanges et à l'investissement est une condition nécessaire pour instaurer une croissance élevée et durable en participant à l’économie mondiale, ce n’est en aucun cas une condition suffisante. Enclencher une dynamique de croissance durable requiert des politiques économiques saines et obéissant aux principes du marché, des politiques sociales d'accompagnement adaptées, ainsi qu'une bonne gestion des affaires publiques. Mais comme l'a démontré la crise financière asiatique, des carences dans ces trois domaines peuvent fragiliser des économies en développement même très performantes. Les pays de l'OCDE ont un rôle central à jouer pour faciliter les efforts que mènent les pays en développement pour tirer parti de tous les avantages de l'ouverture aux échanges et à l'investissement. Le principal objectif de cette étude est de déterminer comment les pays de l'OCDE peuvent promouvoir la cohérence des politiques en : améliorant le cadre dans lequel s'inscrivent les flux internationaux d'investissement et de capitaux ; en prenant en compte les préoccupations environnementales ; et en facilitant la participation des pays en développement à la société mondiale de l'information. Pour être couronnée de succès, il est nécessaire que la cohérence des politiques prenne délibérément en compte les besoins et les intérêts des pays en développement, afin d'en faire des acteurs de l'économie mondial efficaces, plutôt que vulnérables et marginaux. Pour en savoir plus Echanges, investissement et développement : Optimiser les bénéfices de l'ouverture des marchés
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273993
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Price of Water; Trends in OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Price of Water: Trends in OECD Countries
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Le prix de l’eau est un déterminant essentiel de l’efficacité économique et environnementale des services en eau. Cet ouvrage fait le point sur les pratiques actuelles et les tendances récentes en matière de tarification de l’eau pour les secteurs domestique, agricole et industriel dans les pays de l’OCDE. Il étudie les questions de tarification qui intéressent toute la gamme des services en eau : distribution publique, traitement et évacuation des eaux usées, redevances pour le prélèvement et le rejet, et recouvrement des coûts. Il retrace l’évolution récente des mécanismes institutionnels qui concernent la tarification de l’eau et examine brièvement les questions qui touchent au caractère abordable des services en eau et à la sensibilité de la demande d’eau aux fluctuations des prix. Par le vaste éventail de questions, de secteurs et de pays traités, ce livre offre un aperçu unique des tendances dans le domaine de la tarification de l’eau.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174399
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Innovation ; Wirtschaftspolitik
    Abstract: Both firms, keen to improve their competitiveness, and governments, keen to exploit new sources of economic and social progress, need to understand how innovation works in order to better stimulate it. The paradox of innovation is that it uses co-operation to enhance competition and to link many different actors in innovative clusters. In a knowledge-based economy, these clusters of innovative firms form around sources of knowledge. They are based on a sophisticated infrastructure in which knowledge is developed, shared and exchanged, and are characterised by highly concentrated and effective links between entrepreneurs, investors and researchers. Clusters can take a variety of forms, depending on their main technological and commercial areas of specialisation. In most cases they operate within localised geographical areas and interact within larger innovation systems at the regional, national and international level. With globalisation, dynamic clusters are becoming key factors in a country’s capacity to attract the international investment that generates new technological expertise, to interest investors in innovation (venture capital, etc.) and to benefit from the international mobility of skilled personnel. This book reviews the latest economic research on these issues, shows how technology policy makers in OECD countries are making practical use of the concept of clusters and suggests how government policies to foster innovation might best be refocused.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Examens des performances environnementales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Russian Federation 1999
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180123
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (440 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 346.5/086
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This is the first OECD publication dealing with insurance issues in Asia. It provides a unique overview and analysis on insurance regulation and supervision in Asia. Dedicated studies are included on Brunei, Hong Kong China, Indonesia, Laos, Macau, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Chinese Taipei, Thailand and Vietnam.Thanks to the broad range of high-quality information and the importance of issues addressed, this set of texts should constitute a reference work on insurance policy for policy makers and experts in the public sector, actors in the private sector and academics both in OECD Member countries and non-Member economies.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264280267
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Voluntary Approaches for Environmental Policy; An Assessment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Voluntary Approaches for Environmental Policy: An Assessment
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Les approches volontaires sont des dispositifs en vertu desquels des entreprises s'engagent à améliorer leurs performances environnementales. Ces approches comprennent des dispositions telles que les programmes volontaires publics, les accords négociés ou les engagements unilatéraux. Jusqu'à récemment, les approches volontaires avaient d'autant moins fait l'objet d'une analyse systématique que, contrairement aux taxes et aux permis négociables, elles ne sont pas issues de la théorie économique. Les approches volontaires ont été « Inventées » par ceux qui les façonnent et les appliquent : décideurs, associations professionnelles, entreprises individuelles, associations non gouvernementales, etc. L’utilisation des approches volontaires dans les politiques de l’environnement (par exemple, les accords négociés entre l’Etat et l’industrie) se répand et suscite un intérêt grandissant dans les pays de l’OCDE. Cet ouvrage présente une analyse systématique des différents types d’approches volontaires, de leurs caractéristiques économiques, ainsi que de leur rôle et de leur efficacité.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement 31
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews: Finland 1999
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789264173712
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; La réforme de la réglementation au Japon 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : La réforme de la réglementation au Japon 1999
    Keywords: Governance ; Japan
    Abstract: OECD's 1999 review of regulatory reform in Japan. It finds that regulatory reform is at the heart of Japan’s strategy for economic recovery and long-term growth. Identified as a priority by the Japanese Government as early as 1994, considerable progress in regulatory reform has already been made. But today it is essential that regulatory reform be deepened and accelerated. This report calls for a "sharp break" with the regulatory practices and doctrines of the past. Energetic measures, including both sectoral reform and reform of framework conditions, need to be adopted quickly to complete the transition from a state-led growth model, now largely ineffective, to a market-driven growth model, the only model capable of laying the foundation for sustainable competitiveness and prosperity in Japan. Japan was one of the first OECD countries to request a broad review by the OECD of its national regulatory practices and domestic regulatory reforms. This report -- the result of intensive assessment by the OECD and review by its Member countries -- is unique in that it presents an integrated assessment of regulatory reform in framework areas such as the macroeconomic context, the quality of the public sector, competition policy and enforcement, and integration of market openness principles in regulatory processes, and in sectors such as electricity and telecommunications. The policy recommendations present a balanced plan of action for both short and longer-term based on best international regulatory practices.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9264173811
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Agricultural finance and credit infrastructure in transition economie
    DDC: 330.09
    RVK:
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Osteuropa ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Landwirtschaft ; Finanzierung ; Agrarkredit
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789264173088
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.33
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Danemark 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Danemark 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Denmark
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1999 review of Denmark's development aid programmes and policies. It finds that Denmark is the top performer among the 22 Members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) in terms of the volume of its official development assistance (ODA). Denmark’s ODA volume has been maintained at around 1% of gross national product (GNP) since 1992, thanks to a strong consensus and public support for development aid. The quality of Denmark’s aid effort is also most impressive. In particular this high volume of aid is supported by a strong long-range strategy, whose directions - and especially the central emphasis on poverty reduction - are in harmony with the Development Partnership Strategy agreed by the DAC in 1996. Denmark has succeeded in concentrating its bilateral assistance on 20 countries, 18 of which are low-income or least developed countries. Aid is concentrated on sectors of particular relevance to the poor and on programmes in the poorest areas of these countries, thus working towards the goal of poverty reduction. Since 1996, Denmark has pursued a policy of "active multilateralism" to promote its concerns for increased focus and efficiency in multilateral aid programmes. However, there is no clear evidence that this policy has greatly advanced the intended results, as it still reflects a largely unilateral approach more than a joint endeavour. Denmark is a long-standing positive example of the integration of the aid system with other aspects of foreign relations. This approach combines policy coherence in Denmark’s relations with developing countries and professionalism in the aid programme, enhanced by an effective decentralisation of responsibility to embassies in programme countries. This integrated approach has helped Danish development assistance (Danida) to pioneer since 1994 a shift in aid implementation from project support to Sector Programme Support (SPS), an approach which should be mutually reinforcing with the DAC’s Partnership Strategy. It implies also a stepping up in co-ordination activities, both between donors and with partner countries, which Denmark has fully backed.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789264074262
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (340 p.) , ill.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789264174467
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This publication provides a detailed description of the Sources and Methods which were used in the compilation of the quantitative indicators published in the now discontinued quarterly Indicators of Industrial Activity, which was a unique source of short-term industrial statistics broken down by industrial sectors in OECD member countries. The indicators selected are indices of output, deliveries, new orders, unfilled orders, producer prices and employment. The statistics are classified according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC).
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789264187757
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (263 p)
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264173804
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Turquie 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Turquie 1999
    Keywords: Environment ; Turkey
    Abstract: This review of Turkey's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9789264073890
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Aid Activities in South-East Europe provides detailed information on individual commitments of Official Development Assistance (ODA) and Official Aid in the Balkan region for the years 1990-1998. This special edition includes the commitments reported by Members of the OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) as well as statistical tables which provide a more comprehensive picture. Data presented are unique, comparable and consistent with DAC statistics' definitions and methodologies. This publication contributes to the European Commission's and World Bank's joint effort to provide information on aid activities undertaken by OECD/DAC donors in South-East Europe. The information is designed for development agencies and institutions involved in country/sector programming and analysis. For each country, transactions are ordered by commitment year and sector, and for each sector, by donor.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264573192
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Urban Policy in Germany; Towards Sustainable Urban Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La politique de la ville en Allemagne ; Vers un développement urbain durable
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Urban Policy in Germany: Towards Sustainable Urban Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La politique de la ville en Allemagne : Vers un développement urbain durable
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Germany
    Abstract: Deutschland leistet im Bereich der Stadtentwicklungspolitik seit langem Pionierarbeit. Es hat sich eine nachhaltige städtische Entwicklung zum Ziel gesetzt, um die vielfältigen wirtschaftlichen, sozialen und umweltbezogenen Herausforderungen, vor die sich die Städte gestellt sehen, in den Griff zu bekommen. So sind integrierte Politikkonzepte und innovative Maßnahmen eingeführt worden, um die Wiederbelebung der Stadtzentren zu fördern und mit dem Wachstum der Vorstädte, dem zunehmenden Kfz-Verkehr und dem sozialen Wandel fertig zu werden. Die vorliegende Veröffentlichung analysiert diese Initiativen unter Berücksichtigung der für Deutschland spezifischen Merkmale, d.h. seines föderalen Systems, des Vereinigungsprozesses und der polizentrischen Städtestruktur.Über die für Deutschland spezifischen Merkmale und Schlußfolgerungen hinaus plädiert diese Studie für ein integriertes und zukunftsorientiertes multisektorales Konzept, das sich nicht allein an wirtschaftlichen Erwägungen orientiert und konkrete Antworten auf die Kernfrage liefert, wie die Stadt der Zukunft aussehen soll.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264274242
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p.)
    Series Statement: Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Trade
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789264272088
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Economic and Social Impact of Electronic Commerce; Preliminary Findings and Research Agenda
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Economic and Social Impact of Electronic Commerce: Preliminary Findings and Research Agenda
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Le commerce électronique sur Internet est apparu il y a seulement trois ans, mais il est porteur de transformations radicales de l'espace marchand. Il va modifier la façon dont l'activité économique est conduite. Les fonctions traditionnelles des intermédiaires vont être remplacées, des produits et marchés nouveaux vont se développer, et des relations nouvelles vont se nouer entre les entreprises et les consommateurs. L'organisation du travail s'en trouvera modifiée et de nouveaux canaux de diffusion du savoir et des échanges interpersonnels sur le lieu de travail vont se créer. Les fonctions et les qualifications des travailleurs se redéfinissant, ces derniers devront faire preuve de plus de flexibilité et d'adaptabilité. Les changements induits par le commerce électronique ont une portée considérable. Ils exigent de nouveaux cadres pour la conduite des transactions commerciales ainsi qu'un réexamen des politiques gouvernementales à l'égard du commerce et des qualifications. Qu'est-ce que le commerce électronique ? Quelle est la situation actuelle du commerce électronique et comment devrait-elle évoluer à l'avenir ? Quels sont les facteurs qui stimulent son développement et quels sont ceux qui le freinent ? Quelle est son incidence sur les coûts, les prix et, au bout du compte, l'efficience économique ? Dans quelle mesure affecte-t-il les intermédiaires ? A quelle concurrence les entreprises se livrent-elles dans l'environnement électronique ? Quelle structure de marché devrait voir le jour ? Quelles sont les répercussions sur l'emploi ? Quels types de qualifications seront nécessaires ? Quelles transformations sociales de fond le commerce électronique va-t-il entraîner ? L'impact réel du commerce électronique reste à élucider. Ce livre fait oeuvre de pionnier en s'appuyant sur les données qualitatives et quantitatives existantes pour offrir la première évaluation des répercussions du commerce électronique et de ses effets sur l'emploi. Cette analyse précoce d'une activité extrêmement dynamique révèle les domaines auxquels il est urgent de consacrer des travaux de recherche et permet d'éclairer le débat sur les mesures à prendre.
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789264073289
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Plant life management is becoming an increasingly important topic both in nuclear power plant operations and in international discussions on the role of nuclear energy. As in many other aspects of nuclear power plant operations there is much to be learned by international comparisons of practices. This five-language glossary of terminology (English, French, German, Russian, Spanish) is intended to assist utility operators and regulators in OECD countries, and more generally to help readers benefit as much as possible from international experience.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172937
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The once booming dynamic economies in Asia were drawn into a whirlpool of business failures and economic devastation following the flotation of the Thai baht in July 1997, and the consequent collapse of asset prices and currency depreciations in several East Asian countries. High growth in these emerging market economies had masked important structural weaknesses that eventually triggered the economic slump now referred to as the Asia Crisis. To address the structural measures needed to restore sustained economic growth and stability in the crisis-affected countries, this book brings forth analyses and recommendations on the crisis from internationally respected economists and policy makers and the OECD. Overall, experts conclude that, to deal with the crisis and alleviate social distress, structural reforms of government, business and the financial sector must be undertaken rapidly. Such reforms must be established with a long-term view to protect these and other countries from future crises. Economic recovery in Asia is a high priority for the OECD. As an international organisation with experience across a broad range of structural issues, it is a unique forum for the exchange of views on national experiences with policy reforms and possible improvements in the functioning of financial markets. In November 1998, the OECD's Centre for Co-operation with Non-Members (CCNM) held the symposium that led to this publication. Experts from OECD Member and non-member economies attended the symposium. This publication assembles their contributions and provides insight into the possible role of the OECD in promoting economic recovery in the region.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174122
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (348 p.)
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Traditional welfare and employment policies have been unable to tackle the problems of high unemployment and exclusion in OECD countries and recently a wave of new approaches has emerged together with new political notions of welfare-to-work. This book describes these new approaches in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, France and the Netherlands. All these countries are relying increasingly on local agencies to design and manage policy to try and ensure that policy solutions meet local needs and to bring to bear local energies, skills and resources. What is the role that local agencies can play? How can they be integrated in effective partnerships? And what policy tools can best be applied? This book gives valuable answers to these questions and shows that governments and practitioners have much to learn from each other on the practicalities of implementing effective welfare-to-work policies. These Proceedings of the Sheffield Conference, held in November 1998 in collaboration with the Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) in the United Kingdom, were prepared by the Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Programme of the OECD's Territorial Development Service.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172876
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252 p)
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Why decentralise the public employment service? What are the reasons for the increasing reliance on local management approaches in designing and implementing employment policies? These trends are not merely institutional changes, rather they reflect a change in strategy. To enhance the effectiveness of employment policy, governments attempt to provide greater flexibility in implementation, adapt national policies to local conditions, and stimulate involvement from all stakeholders. The impact of these reforms is widespread. They effect the role of the state, the division of power between government layers, and, most of all, employment itself. This book provides the most comprehensive set of employment practices and experiences currently implemented in 26 countries available to date. A wide range of area-based approaches illustrates the need for flexible and specific answers to adapt to local conditions. To complete the picture, summary chapters outline new trends and common challenges governments face in designing and optimising employment policy decentralisation. It brings together papers from a Conference held in Venice in April 1998. [Decentralising Employment Policy: New Trends and Challenges] is essential reading for policy-makers, practitioners and all local actors involved in employment policies.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264173811
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (400 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: How to develop an effective and sustainable agricultural and rural finance system in a climate of accumulated debts, insolvency of the majority of agricultural enterprises, low profitability of agricultural production, and an unstable macro-economic situation - How to create a banking system that services agriculture and is adapted to diverse farm structures - How to introduce alternative financial and credit institutions and mechanisms - How to establish contractual arrangements between primary agriculture and the up- and downstream sectors - What should be the role of governments in establishing such systems? These are some of the issues addressed in the proceedings of the OECD expert meeting: "Agricultural Finance and Credit Infrastructure in Transition Economies", held in Moscow in February 1999. The meeting brought together over 200 policy-makers, government officials, independent
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1998
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement 30
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews: European Community 1998
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264166929
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Science and Technology ; Hochschule ; Forschung
    Abstract: Universities are key elements in the science systems in all OECD countries. However, university research in OECD countries is currently the object of considerable tensions in a context of globalisation, reduced budgets and a changing interface with industry. How can universities adapt to this new order? How can the potential of university research best be enhanced? This study surveys these issues, consolidating the most up-to-date data on resources and structures of research activities in higher education systems and providing illustrative examples of institutional adaptations. It discusses related government measures and formulates policy orientations to enable countries to rise to the challenges of the coming years.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: Regulatory Reform in Japan 1999
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273245
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (600 p)
    Series Statement: Glossaires de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Etabli par la Section française de la Division de la traduction de l'OCDE, ce glossaire anglais-français est le fruit du travail quotidien des traducteurs et se veut essentiellement pragmatique. Pour chaque entrée, il propose une ou plusieurs traductions, en précisant, lorsqu'il y a lieu, le champ d'application de chacune d'elles. Le lecteur trouvera ainsi la traduction de quelque 17 000 termes et expressions couvrant un large éventail de domaines comme les plantes cultivées, la sylviculture, l'élevage, l'industrie agroalimentaire, les techniques et le machinisme agricoles, l'accent étant mis en particulier sur les marchés et l'économie agricoles ainsi que sur les biotechnologies appliquées à l'agriculture. Le nombre d'entrées de cette seconde édition a triplé. On y trouve également une longue liste de noms scientifiques latins avec leurs équivalences en anglais et en français. Cet ouvrage intéresse un public très divers : tous ceux qui souhaitent disposer d'un instrument de travail anglais-français fiable et à jour.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173309
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges, investissement et développement ; Optimiser les bénéfices de l'ouverture des marchés
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges, investissement et développement : Optimiser les bénéfices de l'ouverture des marchés
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade ; Freihandel ; Globalisierung ; Entwicklung
    Abstract: Developing and transition economies are seeking to accelerate their development by liberalising trade and investment, and taking advantage of the opportunities of the global market place. However, in the wake of recent financial crises, concerns have been expressed that some countries might turn away from open trade and investment. In fact, most crisis-affected countries are continuing to liberalise trade and investment, which they see as part of the solution to the crisis, not the cause. This report reviews evidence of the benefits and challenges of trade and investment for development, drawing on experiences from economies in various parts of the world. Experience shows that open trade and investment have been beneficial for development, when accompanied by a coherent set of growth-oriented macroeconomic and structural policies, capacity-building, social policy and good governance. Further, countries like Korea and Mexico that have responded to economic crisis with liberalisation and structural reform have experienced positive results. All countries -- developed, developing and transition -- have a vital stake in a new Round of multilateral trade negotiations to prepare for the global economy of 21st century.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement 35
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews: Ireland 1999
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273313
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Questions de fiscalité internationale no.6
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Application of the OECD Model Tax Convention to Partnerships
    Keywords: Taxation ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: L'application des conventions fiscales aux cas impliquant des sociétés de personnes soulève un certain nombre de questions complexes. Dans quelles circonstances une société de personnes a-t-elle le droit de bénéficier des dispositions d'une convention fiscale ? Que se passe-t-il lorsque l'Etat de la résidence et l'Etat de la source appliquent des articles différents de la convention en vertu des spécificités de leurs droits internes ? Comment résoudre les problèmes d'imputation de revenu ? Ce rapport explore ces questions en s'appuyant sur des exemples précis. Chaque exemple comporte une description des faits et, le cas échéant, des dispositions applicables de la législation fiscale interne. On trouvera également dans cet ouvrage des recommandations précises sur la façon de régler les problèmes pratiques de fiscalité internationale liés aux sociétés de personnes.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273504
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges, investissement et développement ; Pour la cohérence des politiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges, investissement et développement : Pour la cohérence des politiques
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade ; OECD ; Entwicklungspolitik
    Abstract: The development process can advance more rapidly than ever before in the new global economy. While opening their economies to trade and investment is a necessary condition for developing countries to achieve sustained high growth and reduce poverty, it is by no means a sufficient condition. Initiating a sustainable dynamic growth requires sound, market-oriented economic policies; appropriate social policy frameworks, including strong investment in human capital and adequate social safety-nets; and good governance. But, as shown by the Asian financial crisis, weaknesses in any of these basic foundations make even successful developing economies vulnerable to crisis. OECD countries have a pivotal role to play in facilitating developing countries' efforts to fully exploit the benefits of open trade and investment. The key objective of this report is to identify how OECD countries can promote policy coherence by improving the framework for international investment and capital flows; addressing environmental concerns; facilitating participation of developing countries in the global information society; and enhancing the coherence of development co-operation policies. To be successful, policy coherence implies the broader agenda of consciously taking account of the needs and interests of developing countries in order for them to be effective rather than vulnerable and marginal players in the global economy.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173590
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les services stratégiques aux entreprises
    RVK:
    Keywords: Employment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Unternehmensberatung ; Internationaler Vergleich ; OECD ; Dienstleistung ; Industriebetrieb
    Abstract: Strategic business services, examined in twenty-one OECD country case studies in this book, comprise services in computer software and information processing, research and development and technical testing, marketing, business organisation (management consultancy and labour recruitment) and human resource development. This sector has been growing at around 10% per year, and overall turnover for 1999 is likely to be close to USD 1.5 trillion. These services create jobs in OECD countries, directly employing at least 11 million persons. Business organisation services were the major employer, with 3.6 million people in personnel recruitment services and 1.5 million in management consultancy in the mid-1990s. This sector’s strong performance is driven by the general shift towards services, the rise of the knowledge-based economy, the need for greater flexibility within firms, specialisation and increased division of labour in many areas, outsourcing by established firms, and the trend towards smaller production units and firms.Governments influence the demand for business services by promoting private sector investment in intangibles such as R&D, training and education and business organisation, and by supporting the supply of these services through a range of intermediary agencies. The provision of strategic business services is seen as key to improving the performance and competitiveness of small and medium-sized firms.Countries covered Australia Austria Canada Denmark Finland France Germany Ireland Italy Japan Mexico Netherlands Norway New Zealand Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273597
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Strategic Business Services
    Keywords: Employment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Les services stratégiques aux entreprises, que cet ouvrage étudie dans 21 pays de l'OCDE, englobent les services de logiciels et de traitement de l'information, les services de recherche-développement (R-D) et techniques, les services de marketing, d'organisation de l'entreprise (services de conseil en gestion et de recrutement du personnel), et de mise en valeur des ressources humaines. Ces services se sont développés à un rythme d’environ 10 % par an, leur chiffre d’affaires cumulé devant avoisiner 1 500 milliards de dollars des États-Unis en 1999. Ces services, qui sont créateurs d’emplois, représentent au moins 11 millions d’emplois directs dans les pays de l’OCDE. Au milieu des années 90, les services d’organisation de l’entreprise étaient le principal employeur avec 3,6 millions d’emplois dans les services de recrutement de personnel et 1,5 million dans le conseil en gestion. L’excellente performance de ce secteur tient à de nombreux facteurs : l'évolution générale de l’économie vers les services, la montée des économies fondées sur le savoir, le besoin d'une plus grande flexibilité au sein des entreprises, la spécialisation et la division accrue du travail dans de nombreux secteurs, le recours des entreprises bien établies à la sous-traitance et la tendance à privilégier les petites unités de production et entreprises. Les pouvoirs publics peuvent influencer la demande de services aux entreprises en favorisant les investissements incorporels du secteur privé dans la R-D, dans la formation et l'éducation et dans l'organisation de l'entreprise, et en soutenant l’offre de ces services à travers toute une série d’organismes intermédiaires. La fourniture de services stratégiques aux entreprises est considérée comme essentielle pour améliorer la performance et la compétitivité des PME. Pays couverts Allemagne Australie Autriche Canada Danemark Espagne États-Unis Finlande France Irlande Italie Japon Mexique Norvège Nouvelle-Zélande Pays-Bas Portugal Royaume-Uni Suède Suisse Turquie
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789264273689
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: La stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Jobs Strategy; Assessing Performance and Policy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Jobs Strategy: Assessing Performance and Policy
    Keywords: Employment
    Abstract: L'ampleur et la persistance du chômage demeurent un problème économique et social majeur pour bon nombre de pays de l'OCDE. A l'heure actuelle, quelque 35 millions de personnes sont sans emploi dans l'ensemble de la zone, et nombreux sont ceux qui n'ont même plus le courage de se lancer à la recherche d'un emploi. La précarité de l'emploi et la pauvreté dans laquelle vivent certains travailleurs sont aussi une source de préoccupation croissante dans certains pays. C'est pour apporter une réponse à ces problèmes que la Stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi a été lancée voici cinq ans. Or il s'avère que cette stratégie « marche » ; tous les résultats disponibles à ce jour le montrent : appliquée de façon suivie dans tous les domaines visés, la stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi permet de réduire durablement le chômage et d'accroître le taux d'activité. Les taux de chômage varient fortement et connaissent des évolutions contrastées au sein de l'OCDE. Comment peut-on expliquer ces disparités ? Pourquoi certains pays ont-ils mieux réussi que d'autres à endiguer le chômage ? Pourquoi certains groupes sociaux -- les jeunes, les travailleurs âgés, les travailleurs peu qualifiés -- ont-ils, dans de nombreux pays, tant de mal à trouver et à conserver un emploi qui les satisfasse pleinement ? La progression des emplois temporaires ou à temps partiel est-elle un bien ou un mal ? Cet ouvrage examine ces questions à la lumière de l'expérience acquise par les pays qui appliquent la Stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi. Il acccorde une place particulière aux groupes défavorisés qui sont aux marges du marché du travail et identifie les mesures requises pour mieux les intégrer à l'activité productive.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173729
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Política y Promoción de la Inversión Extranjera Directa en América Latina
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Lateinamerika ; Direktinvestition
    Abstract: What is the investment policy orientation in Latin America in the light of the present world financial environment? What are the perspectives for developing a multilateral framework for investment rules and what would be the Latin American involvement in this effort? How can appropriate policies and regulatory environment for attracting foreign direct investment in Latin America be created? These were the main issues of the Lima Workshop on "Foreign Direct Investment Policy and Promotion in Latin America" organised in December 1998 by the OECD and the Commission of the European Union in co-operation with the Peruvian Government. This set of texts can constitute a reference work on foreign investment policy for policy makers and experts in the public sector, actors in the private sector and academics both in emerging market economies and in OECD countries.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173705
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance; (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de gouvernement d'entreprise de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance: (Russian version)
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services ; Aktiengesellschaft ; Eigentümer ; Recht ; Corporate Governance ; OECD
    Abstract: Over the past decade, the world has witnessed a significant transformation in the role of the private sector in economic development and job creation. As more and more countries have adopted market-based approaches to economic policy, there has been an increasing awareness of the importance of private corporations for the welfare of individuals. A good corporate governance regime is central to the efficient use of corporate capital. Good corporate governance also helps to ensure that corporations take into account the interests of a wide rage of constituencies, as well as of the communities within which they operate, and that their boards are accountable to the company and the shareholders. This, in turn, helps to assure that corporations operate for the benefit of society as a whole. It helps to maintain the confidence of investors - both foreign and domestic - and to attract more long-term capital. The OECD Principles of Corporate Governance were endorsed by ministers at the OECD Council meeting at ministerial level on 26-27 May 1999. They were developed in response to a mandate given to the Organisation by the OECD Council meeting at ministerial level in 1998 to develop a set of standards and guidelines on good corporate governance.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173873
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture ; Concepts et cadre d'analyse Volume 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture : Concepts et cadre d'analyse Volume 1
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltindikator ; Grundlage
    Abstract: Little quantitative information is available to assess the impacts, both harmful and beneficial, of agriculture on the environment and to measure how different policy measures affect the environment. To help fill these gaps, a major effort is underway in the OECD to develop a set of policy-relevant agri-environmental indicators. This first volume, of the series Environmental Indicators for Agriculture, outlines an analytical framework to further the analysis of agri-environmental linkages and sustainable agriculture. It describes the main environmental concepts in agriculture of relevance to OECD policy-makers and the indicators that need to be calculated: the use of nutrients, pesticides, and water; land conservation; water and soil quality; greenhouse gases; biodiversity; wildlife habitats; landscape; and environmental impacts related to farm management practices, the availability of farm financial resources, and rural socio-cultural issues.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173903
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manuel de protection de la biodiversité ; Conception & mise en oeuvre des mesures incitatives
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manuel de protection de la biodiversité : Conception & mise en oeuvre des mesures incitatives
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Fallstudiensammlung ; Artenreichtum ; Artenschutz ; Umweltpolitik ; Anreiz
    Abstract: Governments need to implement appropriate policies to ensure both the private and the public goods values of biological diversity are realised. Unless the users of biological resources are given incentives to sustainably use these resources, valuable biodiversity will continue to be lost. Because of the inherent complexity of biological systems, and the range of pressures that act on them, a "bundle" of carefully-designed and complementary incentive measures are often necessary to provide the appropriate signals to prevent biodiversity loss. This unique Handbook draws on the experiences described in 22 case studies to develop a comprehensive step-by-step process for identifying and implementing appropriate incentive measures for biodiversity conservation, and the sustainable use of its components. It identifies the incentive measures that are most suitable for particular ecosystems, and for addressing the specific sectoral pressures in effect, describing both the advantages and the disadvantages of each incentive measure. A wide range of incentive measures are described, including both the more common economic and regulatory incentives, and also the necessary framework conditions, such as scientific and technical capacity building, education and awareness raising, and the involvement of local populations and other stakeholders.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789264273900
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Handbook of Incentive Measures for Biodiversity; Design and Implementation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Handbook of Incentive Measures for Biodiversity: Design and Implementation
    Keywords: Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Les pouvoirs publics doivent mettre en oeuvre des politiques permettant de concrétiser les valeurs à la fois publiques et privées de la diversité biologique. Pour éviter la disparition de précieux éléments de la biodiversité, les utilisateurs des ressources biologiques doivent être incités à les exploiter de façon écologiquement viable. Mais la complexité intrinsèque des systèmes biologiques, et l'ensemble des pressions qu'ils subissent, nécessite souvent la mise en place d'un arsenal de mesures d'incitation complémentaires et soigneusement conçues pour délivrer des signaux de nature à prévenir la perte de biodiversité. A travers ce Manuel inspiré des leçons tirées de 22 études de cas, c'est un processus global inédit qui est élaboré pour définir et appliquer, étapes par étapes, des mesures d'incitation à la préservation de la biodiversité et à l'utilisation durable de ses constituants. Ce Manuel décrit les avantages et les inconvénients de chaque mesure pour identifier celles qui s'adaptent le mieux à un écosystème déterminé et répondent de façon optimale à des pressions sectorielles précises. Il propose une vaste panoplie d'instruments comprenant des incitations économiques et réglementaires assez classiques, les conditions cadres requises pour leur application, la mise en place de capacités scientifiques et techniques, l'éducation et la sensibilisation, ainsi que la participation des populations locales et des autres parties intéressées.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173941
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cultiver les aménités rurales ; Une perspective de développement économique
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cultiver les aménités rurales : Une perspective de développement économique
    DDC: 307.1/412
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Landschaftsschutzgebiet ; Ländliche Entwicklung
    Abstract: The future of rural areas is high on the domestic and international policy agenda. Restructuring of the agricultural sector, and accompanying reform of agricultural policies, and the challenge of meeting sustainable development objectives are key preoccupations in OECD countries. In the search for forward-looking and durable policy strategies, building on natural and cultural amenities is emerging as an important area of policy action, one which complements traditional, agriculture-oriented rural policies and places rural policy in the broader territorial development arena. In most rural areas, the potential of many natural and cultural resources remains untapped. Harnessing such amenities, however, involves striking a balance between use and conservation. In many cases, maintenance of rural amenities depends on a degree of local economic activity -- without it there is a danger of degradation. At the same time, over-exploitation risks spoiling, often irreversibly, the essential value of the amenity. Because many natural and cultural features are public goods, with limited markets and hazy property rights, public policies are needed to strike the delicate balance between supply and demand.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Examens des performances environnementales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Turkey 1999
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273979
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (202 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Battle against Exclusion; Social Assistance in Canada and Switzerland
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Battle against Exclusion: Social Assistance in Canada and Switzerland
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Canada ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Améliorer le sort de ceux qui sont sans ressources ou qui ont peu de ressources n’est pas chose facile. Aujourd’hui, les institutions qui cherchent à aider les personnes en marge de la société s’efforcent de les intégrer et de les motiver, afin d’éviter l’exclusion sociale. Comment l’aide sociale peut-elle à la fois assurer des prestations suffisantes et conserver l'intérêt financier du travail ? Quelles mesures les pouvoirs publics doivent-ils prendre pour favoriser l’autonomie et réduire la dépendance (reproduite d'une génération à l'autre) à l’égard des mécanismes de solidarité ? Comment encourager la responsabilité individuelle dans des sociétés où les contribuables et les électeurs sont clairement considérés comme des partenaires importants de la politique sociale ? Ce sont là quelques-unes des principales questions que soulève cette étude comparative des politiques d’aide sociale dans quatre provinces canadiennes -- Alberta, Nouveau-Brunswick, Ontario et Saskatchewan -- et quatre cantons suisses -- Grisons, Tessin, Vaud et Zurich. En Suisse, les personnes qui étaient contraintes de recourir à l’aide sociale étaient peu nombreuses jusqu’à ce que le chômage augmente fortement, au début des années 1990. Aujourd’hui, les autorités s’efforcent de favoriser l’insertion sociale en maintenant les prestations à un haut niveau tout en renforçant les mesures destinées à réinsérer les bénéficiaires de prestations dans la vie active. Au Canada, toutes les provinces insistent sur le rôle déterminant du travail, considéré comme le meilleur moyen d’éviter la dépendance à l’égard des prestations sociales, et certaines provinces ont abaissé le niveau de l’aide et restreint l’accès aux prestations. Le succès rencontré par le Canada pour réduire la dépendance à l’égard des prestations est d'autant plus remarquable qu'il a très peu d'équivalents dans les pays développés. Pour en savoir plus Cette étude s’inscrit dans la série « Combattre l’exclusion » composée d'études comparatives des politiques d’aide sociale. Pour avoir une vue plus complète des politiques sociales dans les pays de l’OCDE, on pourra se reporter aux deux premiers volumes de la série, publiés en 1998 : le premier traite des politiques d’aide sociale en Australie, en Finlande, au Royaume-Uni et en Suède ; le deuxième des politiques sociales en Belgique, en Norvège, aux Pays-Bas et en République tchèque.
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174023
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les régimes douaniers après l'Uruguay Round ; Bilan et perspectives
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les régimes douaniers après l'Uruguay Round : Bilan et perspectives
    RVK:
    Keywords: Trade ; Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations ; Handelshemmnis ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Zollpolitik ; Außenhandel ; Liberalisierung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Two of the most significant success stories of post-war trade diplomacy and multilateral trade negotiations that have occurred under the auspices of the GATT (now the WTO) have been the massive reductions in tariffs, and the establishment of non-discriminatory tariffs as the principal means of trade protection. When leaders from around the world gather in Seattle, Washington at the end of November 1999, a fresh opportunity to continue dismantling tariff barriers will present itself. This book provides trade negotiators with an indispensable tool that will help them formulate their negotiating objectives and strategies in the area of tariffs; it also provides policy analysts with key data that are necessary to define negotiating scenarios and to impute the corresponding impact on trade, employment and growth. Finally, students of international trade will no longer need to labour over obtaining comprehensive, detailed, and comparable tariff-line data and could proceed to apply these to policy issues and options.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174115
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Qualité et sécurité alimentaires ; Les dimensions commerciales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Qualité et sécurité alimentaires : Les dimensions commerciales
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Highly publicised outbreaks of food-borne diseases have put food safety at the heart of a topical debate. Demands for increased food safety regulation and stricter enforcement have gained momentum. In fact, consumer concerns go well beyond basic food safety. The quality of food and how it is produced, animal welfare, the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), hormones and other growth promoters, cultural preferences, resource sustainability and protection of the environment have all become major issues in the public debate over regulation of the food industry. The issues are complex and the required policy response remains unclear. With the strengthening of international rules, increased trade in consumer food products and the growing use of biotechnology, trade conflicts over food regulatory issues and their reform could become more common. The economic stakes are high and such disputes are likely to remain a priority in the future trade agenda. This report examines the trade conflicts arising from food safety and quality issues. It summarises the key international agreements, illustrates the range and nature of current disputes, reviews the potential contributions of economic analysis to conflict resolution, and identifies areas requiring further analysis.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174207
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Auslandsinvestition ; Südostasien
    Abstract: The financial crisis in Asia has brought to the fore the question of the appropriate policies for recovery and for future sustainable development. One area of particular importance is the treatment of foreign investors. Foreign direct investment has played a leading role in many of the economies of the region, particularly in export sectors, and has been a vital source of foreign capital during the crisis. The four countries reviewed in this study - Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand - have all tended to welcome inward investment for its contribution to exports but have often been less willing to open up the domestic market to such investors. This study discusses the role assigned to foreign firms in the development strategies of the four countries in the past and looks at how a more balanced approach to the treatment of foreign investors could contribute to a more sustainable development path in the future.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789264274488
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Taxation of Cross-Border Portfolio Investment; Mutual Funds and Possible Tax Distortions
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Taxation of Cross-Border Portfolio Investment: Mutual Funds and Possible Tax Distortions
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation
    Abstract: Les dix dernières années ont été marquées par un gonflement sensible des flux transnationaux de capitaux et par un déplacement prononcé de leur composition au profit des investissements de portefeuille, une bonne partie de ces capitaux étant gérée par des organismes de placement collectif (OPC) résidant dans les pays de l'OCDE, ainsi que dans des zones off shore en régime d'exonération fiscale. Ces phénomènes incitent les pays à réexaminer et à contrôler le fonctionnement de leur réglementation fiscale dans ce domaine, notamment en ce qui concerne l'interaction des règles fiscales nationales avec les régimes et pratiques d'autres pays, afin de permettre aux pouvoirs publics de réaliser leurs objectifs. Cet ouvrage analyse l'imposition des investissements transnationaux de portefeuille par l'intermédiaire d'organismes de placement collectif. Il met en évidence d'éventuelles distorsions fiscales spécifiques au domaine des organismes de placement collectif dans le cas d'un groupe représentatif de pays de l'OCDE. Cette analyse et les calculs qui l'étayent se veulent avant tout illustratifs et ne prétendent pas rendre compte de toute la richesse des permutations possibles entre régimes fiscaux. Mais ils identifient clairement les principales distorsions fiscales, les conditions de neutralité et les solutions offertes aux pouvoirs publics.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174450
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Changement climatique ; les politiques nationales et le Protocole de Kyoto
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Changement climatique : les politiques nationales et le Protocole de Kyoto
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Klimaänderung ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: Nearly two years after Kyoto, most OECD countries are looking towards ratification and implementation of their obligations under the Kyoto Protocol. What do historical emissions and policy trends tell us about the way forward? Which policies will be needed to combat climate change? This book provides an overview of recent developments in OECD countries and a framework for policy making in the context of Kyoto targets. There is no single formula for domestic policies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Every country will need to assess opportunities and constraints to develop a strategy adapted to their own situation. Yet, it is possible to outline some main lines for action in OECD countries at the national level. National strategies should prioritise market, subsidy and fiscal reform policies to establish conditions for competitive markets and remove distortions that harm the environment. And governments should implement a comprehensive mix of mutually reinforcing and integrated policies, using a wide range of economic instruments (green taxes, green tax reform and domestic emission trading) as well as other measures such as product policies, voluntary approaches and public awareness programmes. Unless OECD countries establish more effective frameworks for action now, achieving the Kyoto targets is likely to be costly and difficult.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: Regulatory Reform in the Netherlands 1999
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264280182
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving the Environment through Reducing Subsidies; Part III; Case Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving the Environment through Reducing Subsidies: Part III: Case Studies
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Les pays de l’OCDE continuent de consacrer d’importantes sommes au financement de mesures destinées à soutenir l’agriculture, le secteur de l’énergie, les transports et l’industrie. Or bon nombre de ces mesures ont pour effet de stimuler les émissions de polluants, la production de déchets et la surconsommation de ressources naturelles, tout en grevant les budgets publics. Une bonne partie des sommes destinées au soutien risque en outre de passer dans d’autres secteurs de l’économie sans jamais atteindre leurs destinataires. Dans ces conditions, la réforme ou la suppression de ces mesures de soutien apparaît triplement avantageuse puisqu’elle permettrait un gain d’efficacité économique, une réduction des dépenses publiques et une amélioration de la qualité de l’environnement.On trouvera dans cette publication huit études de cas réalisées dans le cadre de l’étude consacrée par l’OCDE aux effets des mesures de soutien sur l’économie et, partant, sur l’environnement. Ces études de cas analysent les effets d’un certain nombre de dispositifs de soutien dans les pays de l’OCDE ainsi que les possibilités de réforme. Elles permettent de mieux comprendre comment les différents éléments constitutifs de ces dispositifs et le secteur auquel ils s’appliquent interagissent avec d'autres facteurs au détriment de l’environnement. De nombreux secteurs sont passés en revue, notamment l’agriculture, l’énergie, les transports, l’industrie et la métallurgie.Cet ouvrage s'inscrit dans une série de trois volumes ; les deux premiers volumes s'intitulent : Réduire les subventions pour améliorer l'environnement : partie I, Résumé et Conclusions et partie II, Analyse et Synthèse des études.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews 31
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Finlande 1999
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Series Statement: Examens des performances environnementales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Czech Republic 1999
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9264174125
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. The local dimension of welfare to work
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 1998 ; OECD ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit ; Regionale Beschäftigungspolitik ; OECD ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; Regionale Beschäftigungspolitik
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9264173757
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Repr.
    Edition: Bd. 1 (Concepts and framework) - 2 (Issues and design)
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Environmental indicators for agriculture
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture : Vol. 1: Concepts et cadre d'analyse Vol.2: Questions clés et conception -- "Le séminaire de York"
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltindikator ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltverträglichkeit
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9789246180547
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Évacuation géologique des déchets radioactifs ; Bilan des dix dernières années
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Évacuation géologique des déchets radioactifs : Bilan des dix dernières années
    DDC: 621.48/38
    RVK:
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Untertagedeponie ; Entsorgung ; Radioaktiver Abfall
    Abstract: The concept of removing long-lived radioactive wastes from the human environment by disposal in deep geological repositories was developed several decades ago. In the intervening years, research efforts world-wide have increased our knowledge and understanding of how underground disposal systems will function over very long periods of time. Significant progress has also been made towards implementation of such facilities. There have, however, been delays in the disposal programmes of several countries. This report is a review of developments in the past decade. The primary sources of information are the answers to a questionnaire provided by waste management organisations represented in the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC). The latter is an international forum of senior specialists from safety authorities, waste management agencies, R&D institutions and policy-making bodies.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172609
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. UEM ; Faits, défis et politiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. UEM : Faits, défis et politiques
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics
    Abstract: The launch of the euro reinforces the foundations for unprecedented economic integration encompassing 11 countries, 16 per cent of world GDP and 290 million people. For the first time, the OECD has studied the euro-area as a fully-fledged economic entity and has analysed the intensive preparations that led to the single currency, as well as the economic issues raised by its introduction. Despite the macroeconomic convergence already achieved and the institutional framework that has been established, the fact is that many uncertainties remain. An approach to co-ordinating monetary and budgetary policies that is up to the issues at stake has still to be fully defined. And the euro area's ability to absorb economic shocks must be assessed and strengthened. In this respect it is vital for labour markets to become more flexible and adaptable if they are to compensate for the loss of national monetary autonomy which EMU implies and if adjustment is not to be at the expense of jobs. A special chapter discusses the obstacles to geographic labour mobility and the rigidity of wage setting mechanisms. These are some of the challenges that must be faced in the years to come, and this study discusses them in the light of the most penetrating and informative analysis today’s economists can provide. It does not prescribe set remedies, but drawing on analyses and figures never published before, attempts to identify the best policies for ensuring the success of the monetary union. This is a complex study that takes a hard look at the issues and will be of great interest to anyone wishing to understand the economic mechanisms at work.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789264072619
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This report provides detailed information on individual commitments, i.e. intended disbursements, of Official Development Assistance (ODA) to African countries for the years 1997 and 1998. This Special Africa Edition of the Gazette records the commitments which have been reported by Member countries of the OECD Development Assistance Committee and by multilateral organisations, and which have been entered into the Creditor Reporting System (CRS) database up until now (September 1998).
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789264173989
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (356 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; La réforme de la réglementation aux États-Unis 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : La réforme de la réglementation aux États-Unis 1999
    Keywords: Governance ; United States
    Abstract: The United States has been a world leader in regulatory reform for a quarter century. Contrary to popular belief, the United States is not less regulated than other countries, but differently regulated due to the pro-competition policy stance of federal regulatory regimes, and the openness and contestability of regulatory processes. Far-reaching economic deregulation combined with efforts to improve the quality of social regulation have supported the construction of one of the most innovative, flexible and open economies in the OECD, while maintaining health, safety and environmental standards at relatively high levels. However, significant regulatory problems still exist. Improving the performance and cost-effectiveness of expensive social regulations and government formalities is a key challenge for regulatory quality. In a word, the challenge of regulatory reform in the United States is not how much regulation, but how good. The United States is one of the first OECD countries to request a broad review by the OECD of its national regulatory practices and domestic regulatory reforms. This report -- the result of intensive assessment by the OECD and review by its Member countries -- is unique in that it presents an integrated assessment of regulatory reform in framework areas such as the macroeconomic context, the quality of the public sector, competition policy and enforcement, and integration of market openness principles in regulatory processes, and in sectors such as electricity and telecommunications. The policy recommendations present a balanced plan of action for both short and longer-term based on best international regulatory practices.
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789264272606
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (238 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. EMU; Facts, Challenges and Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. EMU: Facts, Challenges and Policies
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics
    Abstract: Le lancement de l'euro jette les bases d'une intégration économique sans précédent rassemblant 11 pays, 16 % du PIB mondial et 290 millions d'habitants. Pour la première fois l'OCDE étudie la « zone euro » comme une entité à part entière et analyse la préparation minutieuse qui a mené à la monnaie unique ainsi que les enjeux soulevés par son introduction. La convergence macro-économique déjà réalisée et le cadre institutionnel désormais en place ne doivent pas faire oublier qu'il subsiste nombre d'incertitudes.Une articulation des politiques monétaire et budgétaire qui soit à la hauteur des enjeux reste à définir. La capacité de l'UEM à absorber les chocs économiques doit en outre être revue et renforcée. Plus particulièrement, une flexibilité accrue du marché du travail apparaît primordiale afin de compenser la perte d'autonomie monétaire qu'implique la participation à l'UEM et ainsi éviter que les ajustements ne s'effectuent davantage au détriment de l'emploi. Un chapitre spécial de cet ouvrage aborde les obstacles que constituent encore le manque de mobilité des travailleurs et la trop grande rigidité des modes de fixation des salaires. Les enjeux des années à venir résident dans ces questions, et cet ouvrage les aborde à la lumière des analyses les plus éclairantes que permet la réflexion économique contemporaine. Sa vocation n'est pas de donner des recettes figées, mais plutôt de dégager, sur la base d'analyses et de chiffres inédits, les lignes d'action les plus favorables au succès de l'union monétaire. Une lecture exigeante et sans complaisance, qui s'adresse à tous ceux qui souhaitent comprendre les mécanismes économiques à l'oeuvre.
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