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  • 2010-2014  (106)
  • National Defense Research Institute 〈U.S.〉  (71)
  • Rand Corporation National Security Research Division  (35)
  • Safari, an O'Reilly Media Company
  • Electronic books  (106)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improving interagency information sharing using technology demonstrations : the legal basis for using new sensor technologies for counterdrug operations along the U.S. border (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833084941 , 0833085700 , 0833084941 , 9780833085702
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xviii, 84 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Gonzales, Daniel Improving interagency information sharing using technology demonstrations
    Keywords: United States ; United States ; Civil-military relations ; Drug control Technological innovations ; Drug traffic Prevention ; Border security ; Interagency coordination ; Information networks Management ; Military law ; Civil-military relations ; Drug control ; Drug traffic ; Border security ; Interagency coordination ; Information networks ; Military law ; Information networks ; Management ; Interagency coordination ; Military law ; Law - U.S ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Law - U.S ; United States ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Border security ; Civil-military relations ; United States ; Drug control ; Technological innovations ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The Department of Defense (DoD) has developed new sensor technologies to support military forces operating in Iraq and Afghanistan. These new capabilities may be useful in counterdrug (CD) operations along the southern U.S. border. DoD has held technology demonstrations to test and demonstrate new technologies along the southern border--because the field conditions along the border closely resemble those in current military theaters of operation and because they can also reveal whether new technologies are useful for CD operations led by domestic law enforcement agencies. However, there are legal questions about whether such technology demonstrations fully comply with U.S. law and whether advanced DoD sensors can legally be used in domestic CD operations when they are operated by U.S. military forces. In this report, the authors examine federal law and DoD policy to answer these questions. Some parts of U.S. law mandate information sharing among federal departments and agencies for national security purposes and direct DoD to play a key role in domestic CD operations in support of U.S. law enforcement agencies, while other parts of the law place restrictions on when the U.S. military may participate in law enforcement operations. Reviewing relevant federal law and DoD policy, the authors conclude that there is no legal reason why a DoD sensor should be excluded from use in an interagency technology demonstration or in an actual CD operation as long as a valid request for support is made by an appropriate law enforcement official and so long as no personally identifiable or private information is collected. The authors recommend DoD policy on domestic CD operations be formally clarified and that an approval process should be established for technology demonstrations with a CD nexus
    Abstract: The Department of Defense (DoD) has developed new sensor technologies to support military forces operating in Iraq and Afghanistan. These new capabilities may be useful in counterdrug (CD) operations along the southern U.S. border. DoD has held technology demonstrations to test and demonstrate new technologies along the southern border--because the field conditions along the border closely resemble those in current military theaters of operation and because they can also reveal whether new technologies are useful for CD operations led by domestic law enforcement agencies. However, there are legal questions about whether such technology demonstrations fully comply with U.S. law and whether advanced DoD sensors can legally be used in domestic CD operations when they are operated by U.S. military forces. In this report, the authors examine federal law and DoD policy to answer these questions. Some parts of U.S. law mandate information sharing among federal departments and agencies for national security purposes and direct DoD to play a key role in domestic CD operations in support of U.S. law enforcement agencies, while other parts of the law place restrictions on when the U.S. military may participate in law enforcement operations. Reviewing relevant federal law and DoD policy, the authors conclude that there is no legal reason why a DoD sensor should be excluded from use in an interagency technology demonstration or in an actual CD operation as long as a valid request for support is made by an appropriate law enforcement official and so long as no personally identifiable or private information is collected. The authors recommend DoD policy on domestic CD operations be formally clarified and that an approval process should be established for technology demonstrations with a CD nexus
    Note: "RR551-OSD"--Page 4 of cover , "RAND National Security Research Division , "This research was ... conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references (pages 81-84)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    From stalemate to settlement : lessons for Afghanistan from historical insurgencies that have been resolved through negotiation (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833082428 , 0833082426 , 9780833082435 , 0833082442 , 0833082434 , 083308237X , 9780833082374 , 9780833082442
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvii, 73 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series RR469
    Parallel Title: Print version Clarke, Colin P From stalemate to settlement
    Keywords: Insurgency History ; Insurgency ; Mediation, International ; Peace-building ; Insurgency ; Insurgency ; Mediation, International ; Peace-building ; Insurgency ; Mediation, International ; Peace-building ; Law, Politics & Government ; International Relations ; Afghanistan ; LAW ; International ; History ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Security (National & International) ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "In June 2013, the Afghan Taliban opened a political office in Qatar to facilitate peace talks with the U.S. and Afghan governments. Negotiations between the United States and the group that sheltered al-Qaeda would have been unthinkable 12 years ago, but the reality is that a negotiated settlement in Afghanistan is one of several possible end games under the current U.S. withdrawal plan. Negotiating an end to an insurgency can be a long and arduous process beset by false starts and continued violence, but a comprehensive review of historical cases that ended in settlement shows that these negotiations followed a similar path that can be generalized into a "master narrative." This research examines 13 historical cases of insurgencies that were resolved through negotiated settlement in which neither side (insurgents or counterinsurgents) unambiguously prevailed. Taken together, these cases reveal that the path to negotiated settlement generally proceeds in seven steps in a common sequence. Although this resulting master narrative does not necessarily conform precisely to every conflict brought to resolution through negotiation, it can serve as an important tool to guide the progress of a similar approach to resolving the conflict in Afghanistan as U.S. forces prepare to withdraw."--Provided by publisher
    Abstract: "In June 2013, the Afghan Taliban opened a political office in Qatar to facilitate peace talks with the U.S. and Afghan governments. Negotiations between the United States and the group that sheltered al-Qaeda would have been unthinkable 12 years ago, but the reality is that a negotiated settlement in Afghanistan is one of several possible end games under the current U.S. withdrawal plan. Negotiating an end to an insurgency can be a long and arduous process beset by false starts and continued violence, but a comprehensive review of historical cases that ended in settlement shows that these negotiations followed a similar path that can be generalized into a "master narrative." This research examines 13 historical cases of insurgencies that were resolved through negotiated settlement in which neither side (insurgents or counterinsurgents) unambiguously prevailed. Taken together, these cases reveal that the path to negotiated settlement generally proceeds in seven steps in a common sequence. Although this resulting master narrative does not necessarily conform precisely to every conflict brought to resolution through negotiation, it can serve as an important tool to guide the progress of a similar approach to resolving the conflict in Afghanistan as U.S. forces prepare to withdraw."--Provided by publisher
    Note: "This report builds on previous RAND Corporation research on the demonstrated effectiveness of a variety of concepts for counterinsurgency ... at the core of the current research is an analysis of the correlates and conditions of negotiated settlements in historical insurgencies."--Preface , "Approved for public release; distribution unlimited , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elements of success : how type of secondary education credential helps predict enlistee attrition (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833084248 , 0833085220 , 0833084240 , 9780833085221
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 47 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series RR-374-OSD
    Parallel Title: Print version Burkhauser, Susan Elements of success
    Keywords: Military discharge ; Education, Secondary Evaluation ; Military discharge ; Education, Secondary ; Military Administration ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; HISTORY ; Military ; Other ; Armed Forces ; Personnel management ; United States ; Education, Secondary ; Evaluation ; Military discharge ; Recruiting and enlistment ; United States Armed Forces ; Recruiting, enlistment, etc ; United States Armed Forces ; Personnel management ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The U.S military services have traditionally used a tiering system, including education credentials such as high school diplomas, in combination with Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT) scores to help gauge the likelihood of a recruit persevering through his or her first term of service. But what about less traditional credentials, such as diplomas earned through homeschooling and distance learning? The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness) asked RAND to examine whether its current education-credential tiering policy is still useful in predicting first-term attrition. The authors examined attrition rates at 12, 24, and 36 months of service for all enlistees from 2000 through 2011. Using statistical regression techniques, they compared attrition rates for those with distance learning or homeschool credentials to those of high school diploma holders, after controlling for other observable population differences. Overall, the analyses support current tiering policy classifying homeschool diplomas as Tier 1 if a recruit's AFQT score is 50 or higher (i.e., they are treated the same as high school diploma holders) or Tier 2 if a recruit's AFQT score is lower than 50. The results also support classifying distance learning credentials as Tier 2 regardless of AFQT score
    Abstract: The U.S military services have traditionally used a tiering system, including education credentials such as high school diplomas, in combination with Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT) scores to help gauge the likelihood of a recruit persevering through his or her first term of service. But what about less traditional credentials, such as diplomas earned through homeschooling and distance learning? The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness) asked RAND to examine whether its current education-credential tiering policy is still useful in predicting first-term attrition. The authors examined attrition rates at 12, 24, and 36 months of service for all enlistees from 2000 through 2011. Using statistical regression techniques, they compared attrition rates for those with distance learning or homeschool credentials to those of high school diploma holders, after controlling for other observable population differences. Overall, the analyses support current tiering policy classifying homeschool diplomas as Tier 1 if a recruit's AFQT score is 50 or higher (i.e., they are treated the same as high school diploma holders) or Tier 2 if a recruit's AFQT score is lower than 50. The results also support classifying distance learning credentials as Tier 2 regardless of AFQT score
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (page 47)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Countering others' insurgencies : understanding U.S. small-footprint interventions in local context (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833084040 , 0833085530 , 0833084046 , 9780833085535
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiv, 226 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series RR513
    Parallel Title: Print version Watts, Stephen (Stephen Baldwin) Countering others' insurgencies
    Keywords: Counterinsurgency Government policy ; Counterinsurgency ; Counterinsurgency ; Counterinsurgency ; Counterinsurgency ; Counterinsurgency ; Pakistan ; Philippines ; United States ; Military relations ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Science - General ; Counterinsurgency ; Counterinsurgency ; Government policy ; United States Military relations ; Pakistan Military relations ; United States Military relations ; Philippines Military relations ; United States Military relations ; United States ; Pakistan ; United States ; Philippines ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This study examines the counterinsurgency strategies and practices adopted by threatened regimes and the conditions under which U.S. "small-footprint" partnerships are likely to help these governments succeed. The report's findings are derived from a mixed-method research design incorporating both quantitative and qualitative analysis. Simple statistical analyses are applied to a dataset of counterinsurgencies that have terminated since the end of the Cold War (72 in all), and more in-depth analyses are provided of two recent cases of U.S. partnerships with counterinsurgent regimes, in the Philippines and Pakistan. The quantitative analysis finds that the cases of small-footprint U.S. operations that are commonly touted as "success stories" all occurred in countries approximating a best-case scenario. Such a verdict is not meant to deny the importance of U.S. assistance; rather, it is meant to highlight that similar U.S. policies with less promising partner nations should not be expected to produce anywhere near the same levels of success. The majority of insurgencies have taken place in worst-case conditions, and in these environments, counterinsurgent regimes are typically unsuccessful in their efforts to end rebellion, and they often employ violence indiscriminately. The case studies of the Philippines and Pakistan largely reinforce the findings of the quantitative analysis. They also highlight the challenges the United States faces in attempting to influence partner regimes to fight counterinsurgencies in the manner that the United States would prefer. The study concludes with policy recommendations for managing troubled partnerships
    Abstract: This study examines the counterinsurgency strategies and practices adopted by threatened regimes and the conditions under which U.S. "small-footprint" partnerships are likely to help these governments succeed. The report's findings are derived from a mixed-method research design incorporating both quantitative and qualitative analysis. Simple statistical analyses are applied to a dataset of counterinsurgencies that have terminated since the end of the Cold War (72 in all), and more in-depth analyses are provided of two recent cases of U.S. partnerships with counterinsurgent regimes, in the Philippines and Pakistan. The quantitative analysis finds that the cases of small-footprint U.S. operations that are commonly touted as "success stories" all occurred in countries approximating a best-case scenario. Such a verdict is not meant to deny the importance of U.S. assistance; rather, it is meant to highlight that similar U.S. policies with less promising partner nations should not be expected to produce anywhere near the same levels of success. The majority of insurgencies have taken place in worst-case conditions, and in these environments, counterinsurgent regimes are typically unsuccessful in their efforts to end rebellion, and they often employ violence indiscriminately. The case studies of the Philippines and Pakistan largely reinforce the findings of the quantitative analysis. They also highlight the challenges the United States faces in attempting to influence partner regimes to fight counterinsurgencies in the manner that the United States would prefer. The study concludes with policy recommendations for managing troubled partnerships
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 201-226)
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  • 5
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    Small business and strategic sourcing : lessons from past research and current data (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833082305 , 0833082078 , 0833082302 , 9780833082077
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xix, 51 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Moore, Nancy Y., 1947- Small business and strategic sourcing
    Keywords: United States Procurement ; United States ; Small business ; Strategic planning ; Government contractors ; Government purchasing ; Defense contracts ; Small business ; Strategic planning ; Government contractors ; Government purchasing ; Defense contracts ; Small business ; Strategic planning ; United States ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Outsourcing ; Armed Forces ; Procurement ; Defense contracts ; United States ; Government contractors ; Government purchasing ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The Department of Defense (DoD) may face challenges as it attempts to maintain its goal of spending about 23 percent of its prime-contract dollars for goods and services with small businesses and at the same time apply strategic-sourcing practices to reduce total costs and improve performance in ways that will not conflict with small-business goals while making DoD purchasing more effective and efficient. Strategic sourcing practices, for example, recommend consolidation of the supply base to reduce total costs, which can lead to fewer, larger, longer-term contracts with fewer and, often, larger suppliers
    Abstract: The Department of Defense (DoD) may face challenges as it attempts to maintain its goal of spending about 23 percent of its prime-contract dollars for goods and services with small businesses and at the same time apply strategic-sourcing practices to reduce total costs and improve performance in ways that will not conflict with small-business goals while making DoD purchasing more effective and efficient. Strategic sourcing practices, for example, recommend consolidation of the supply base to reduce total costs, which can lead to fewer, larger, longer-term contracts with fewer and, often, larger suppliers
    Note: "RAND National Defense Research Institute , "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , "This research was conducted within the Acquisition and Technology Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references (pages 47-51)
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  • 6
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    Spillover from the conflict in Syria : an assessment of the factors that aid and impede the spread of violence (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833087263 , 0833087924 , 0833087266 , 9780833087928
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 72 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Spillover from the conflict in Syria : an assessment of the factors that aid and impede the spread of violence
    Keywords: Protest movements ; Protest movements ; HISTORY ; Middle East ; General ; Protest movements ; History ; Politics and government ; Syria ; Civil War (Syria : 2011- ) ; Syria Politics and government 21st century ; Syria History Civil War, 2011- ; Syria ; Syria ; Electronic books
    Abstract: All roads lead to Damascus and then back out again, but in different directions. The financial and military aid flowing into Syria from patrons and neighbors is intended to determine the outcome of the conflict between a loose confederation of rebel factions and the regime in Damascus. Instead, this outside support has the potential to perpetuate the existing civil war and to ignite larger regional hostilities between Sunni and Shia areas that could reshape the political geography of the Middle East. This report examines the main factors that are likely to contribute to or impede the spread of violence from civil war and insurgency in Syria, and then examines how they apply to Turkey, Lebanon, Iraq, and Jordan
    Abstract: All roads lead to Damascus and then back out again, but in different directions. The financial and military aid flowing into Syria from patrons and neighbors is intended to determine the outcome of the conflict between a loose confederation of rebel factions and the regime in Damascus. Instead, this outside support has the potential to perpetuate the existing civil war and to ignite larger regional hostilities between Sunni and Shia areas that could reshape the political geography of the Middle East. This report examines the main factors that are likely to contribute to or impede the spread of violence from civil war and insurgency in Syria, and then examines how they apply to Turkey, Lebanon, Iraq, and Jordan
    Note: "RAND National Defense Research Institute , "This research was conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 7
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    New security and justice sector partnership models : implications of the Arab uprisings (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : Rand Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833085757 , 0833089854 , 0833085751 , 9780833089854
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xviii, 70 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als McNerney, Michael J. (Michael Joseph) New security and justice sector partnership models
    Keywords: Military assistance, American ; Political planning ; Security Assistance Program ; Arab Spring, 2010- ; Military assistance, American ; Political planning ; Security Assistance Program ; Arab Spring, 2010- ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Armies ; HISTORY ; Middle East ; General ; Middle East ; Military assistance, American ; Political planning ; Security Assistance Program ; Arab Spring (2010- ) ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The United States faces a unique set of challenges and opportunities in strengthening security and justice sector partnerships in the Middle East and North Africa. Against the backdrop of the Arab uprisings, the U.S. government has issued policy guidance relating to foreign assistance more broadly and security sector assistance in particular. RAND researchers analyzed potential new partnership models that could help implement this guidance, simultaneously strengthening security and justice sector cooperation and promoting reform across the Arab world and beyond. They devised the Enhanced Partnership Planning Model, which focuses on improving collaborative planning, rather than on using assistance as leverage to require partner nations to do what the United States wants. The model serves as a flexible framework that could support tailored, rigorous SJS planning by U.S. and partner nation stakeholders. This framework can support both policy-makers and program managers as they seek to implement new policy guidelines that integrate elements of accountability and reform while continuing to advance core U.S. interests and equities in a rapidly evolving regional context
    Abstract: The United States faces a unique set of challenges and opportunities in strengthening security and justice sector partnerships in the Middle East and North Africa. Against the backdrop of the Arab uprisings, the U.S. government has issued policy guidance relating to foreign assistance more broadly and security sector assistance in particular. RAND researchers analyzed potential new partnership models that could help implement this guidance, simultaneously strengthening security and justice sector cooperation and promoting reform across the Arab world and beyond. They devised the Enhanced Partnership Planning Model, which focuses on improving collaborative planning, rather than on using assistance as leverage to require partner nations to do what the United States wants. The model serves as a flexible framework that could support tailored, rigorous SJS planning by U.S. and partner nation stakeholders. This framework can support both policy-makers and program managers as they seek to implement new policy guidelines that integrate elements of accountability and reform while continuing to advance core U.S. interests and equities in a rapidly evolving regional context
    Note: "Prepared for the State Department Bureau of Political-Military Affairs , "RAND National Security Research Division , "The United States faces an important set of challenges and opportunities in strengthening security and justice sector partnerships in the Middle East and North Africa. The emergence of a series of popular uprisings in the Arab world since 2010 complicates these efforts, while making their success all the more important. The State Department asked RAND's National Security Research Division to analyze potential new partnership models that could help implement recent policy guidance related to improving security."--Provided by publisher , "RR-605-DOS , Includes bibliographical references (pages 67-70)
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  • 8
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    The Deployment Life Study : methodological overview and baseline sample description (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : Rand Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833079923 , 0833086766 , 0833079921 , 9780833086761
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvi, 82 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Tanielian, Terri L Deployment Life Study
    Keywords: Families of military personnel Longitudinal studies ; Families of military personnel Research ; Families of military personnel ; Families of military personnel ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Administration ; United States ; Longitudinal studies ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Families of military personnel ; Military & Naval Science ; Electronic books
    Abstract: In the past decade, U.S. military families have experienced extreme stress, as U.S. soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines have experienced extended and repeated deployments. As a result, U.S. policymakers and Department of Defense leadership have placed an emphasis on family readiness for deployment and other military-related stressors. However, family readiness is not a well-understood construct. The Deployment Life Study was designed to provide a deeper understanding of family readiness and to address the sources of readiness among military families. It is a longitudinal study of military families over the course of a full deployment cycle--predeployment, during deployment, and postdeployment. Over the course of three years, the study will follow 2,724 families from each service and component, interviewing service members, their spouses, and one child between the ages of 11 and 17 in each family (if applicable) every four months. Baseline data are weighted to be representative of married service members who were eligible to deploy sometime between June 1, 2012, and December 31, 2012. This report describes the Deployment Life Study theoretical model; the content of the baseline assessment; the design and procedures associated with data collection, sampling and recruiting procedures; and the baseline sample of military families
    Abstract: In the past decade, U.S. military families have experienced extreme stress, as U.S. soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines have experienced extended and repeated deployments. As a result, U.S. policymakers and Department of Defense leadership have placed an emphasis on family readiness for deployment and other military-related stressors. However, family readiness is not a well-understood construct. The Deployment Life Study was designed to provide a deeper understanding of family readiness and to address the sources of readiness among military families. It is a longitudinal study of military families over the course of a full deployment cycle--predeployment, during deployment, and postdeployment. Over the course of three years, the study will follow 2,724 families from each service and component, interviewing service members, their spouses, and one child between the ages of 11 and 17 in each family (if applicable) every four months. Baseline data are weighted to be representative of married service members who were eligible to deploy sometime between June 1, 2012, and December 31, 2012. This report describes the Deployment Life Study theoretical model; the content of the baseline assessment; the design and procedures associated with data collection, sampling and recruiting procedures; and the baseline sample of military families
    Note: "RAND Arroyo Center and National Defense Research Institute , "RR-209-A/OSD"--Page 4 of cover , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 9
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    Prolonged cycle times and schedule growth in defense acquisition : a literature review (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833085153 , 0833086731 , 0833085158 , 9780833086730
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xviii, 83 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Riposo, Jessie Prolonged cycle times and schedule growth in defense acquisition
    Keywords: Armed Forces Procurement ; Armed Forces ; Military Administration ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Armed Forces ; Procurement ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report summarizes a selection of the defense acquisition literature from the 1960s to the present on potential sources of prolonged acquisition cycle times and schedule growth, as well as potential opportunities for improvement. It presents the range of possible causes of schedule-related problems and various recommendations cited for improving schedules by various authors and organizations. This report does not provide critical analysis or an assessment of the strengths or weaknesses of the claims made in the literature. Rather, it provides a starting point for further research or consideration by government acquisition professionals, oversight organizations, and the analytic community. We identified the following reasons for schedule delays in the literature: (1) the difficulty of managing technical risk (e.g., program complexity, immature technology, and unanticipated technical issues), (2) initial assumptions or expectations that were difficult to fulfill (e.g., schedule estimates, risk control, requirements, and performance assumptions), and (3) funding instability. The most commonly cited recommendations for reducing cycle time and controlling schedule growth in the literature are strategies that manage or reduce technical risk. Some of those recommendations include using incremental fielding or evolutionary acquisition strategies, developing derivative products (rather than brand-new designs), using mature or proven technology (i.e., commercial, off-the-shelf components), maintaining stable funding, and using atypical contracting vehicles
    Note: "National Defense Research Institute , "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , "RR-455-OSD"--Page 4 of cover , Includes bibliographical references (pages 71-83)
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  • 10
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    Sexual assault and sexual harassment in the U.S. military : : Top-line estimates for active-duty Coast Guard members from the 2014 Rand Military Workplace Study (2014)
    Santa Monica, Calif : Rand Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833088611 , 0833089234 , 0833088610 , 9780833089236
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 27 pages)
    Series Statement: RR-944-USCG
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sexual assault and sexual harassment in the U.S. military. Top-line estimates for active-duty Coast Guard members from the 2014 Rand Military Workplace Study
    DDC: 355.0082
    Keywords: Soldiers Crimes against ; Social surveys ; Sexual harassment in the military ; Women soldiers Crimes against ; Soldiers ; Social surveys ; Sexual harassment in the military ; Women soldiers ; Sexual harassment in the military ; Social surveys ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Naval Science - General ; United States ; United States Armed Forces ; Women ; Crimes against ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "In early 2014, the Department of Defense (DoD) Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office (SAPRO) asked the RAND National Defense Research Institute (NDRI) to conduct an independent assessment of sexual assault, sexual harassment, and gender discrimination in the military -- an assessment last conducted in 2012 by the department itself with the Workplace and Gender Relations Survey of Active Duty Personnel (WGRA). Separately, the Coast Guard requested that we expand the 2014 study to include an assessment of its active and reserve force. This report provides initial top-line active-duty Coast Guard estimates from the resulting RAND Military Workplace Study, which invited close to 560,000 service members to participate in a survey fielded in August and September of 2014"--Website
    Abstract: "In early 2014, the Department of Defense (DoD) Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office (SAPRO) asked the RAND National Defense Research Institute (NDRI) to conduct an independent assessment of sexual assault, sexual harassment, and gender discrimination in the military -- an assessment last conducted in 2012 by the department itself with the Workplace and Gender Relations Survey of Active Duty Personnel (WGRA). Separately, the Coast Guard requested that we expand the 2014 study to include an assessment of its active and reserve force. This report provides initial top-line active-duty Coast Guard estimates from the resulting RAND Military Workplace Study, which invited close to 560,000 service members to participate in a survey fielded in August and September of 2014"--Website
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 23, 25-26) , Prepared for the DoD Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office
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  • 11
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    Health and economic outcomes among the alumni of the Wounded Warrior Project 2013 (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND, National Security Research Division
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833085993 , 0833086014 , 0833085999 , 9780833086013
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 online resource)
    Parallel Title: Print version Cerully, Jennifer L Health and Economic Outcomes Among the Alumni of the Wounded Warrior Project : 2013
    Keywords: Disabled veterans Vocational rehabilitation ; Disabled veterans Mental health ; Disabled veterans Rehabilitation ; Disabled veterans ; Disabled veterans ; Disabled veterans ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Public Finance ; HISTORY ; Military ; Veterans ; Disabled veterans ; Rehabilitation ; Disabled veterans ; Vocational rehabilitation ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Alumni Reporting Mental Health Conditions: Female Alumni and Younger Alumni Report More Difficulties and Delays in Getting Care or Not Getting CareSummary; Chapter Four: Physical Health Outcomes; Achieving a Healthy BMI Is a Challenge for Over 80 Percent of Alumni; BMI Is Related to Other Physical Health Outcomes and Perceptions; Mental and Physical Injuries Are Both Related to Perceptions of Health; Alcohol Use Is Related to General Self-Reported Health in an Unexpected Way; Summary; Chapter Five: Economic Outcomes; Half of Alumni Are Employed
    Abstract: Alumni Reporting Mental Health Conditions: Female Alumni and Younger Alumni Report More Difficulties and Delays in Getting Care or Not Getting CareSummary; Chapter Four: Physical Health Outcomes; Achieving a Healthy BMI Is a Challenge for Over 80 Percent of Alumni; BMI Is Related to Other Physical Health Outcomes and Perceptions; Mental and Physical Injuries Are Both Related to Perceptions of Health; Alcohol Use Is Related to General Self-Reported Health in an Unexpected Way; Summary; Chapter Five: Economic Outcomes; Half of Alumni Are Employed
    Abstract: Few Alumni Access Employment and Education BenefitsType of Injury Is Related to Participation in Employment and Education Benefit Programs; High VA Disability Ratings and Many Injury Types Are Associated with Unemployment; Summary; Chapter Six: Discussion; Empowering Wounded Warriors in Mind and Spirit; Empowering Wounded Warriors in Body; Empowering Wounded Warriors Economically; Technical Appendix A: Interpretation of Regression Analyses; Multiple Regression; Logistic Regression; Explanatory Variables; Statistical Significance; Weighting; Technical Appendix B: Analyses for Chapter 3
    Abstract: Few Alumni Access Employment and Education BenefitsType of Injury Is Related to Participation in Employment and Education Benefit Programs; High VA Disability Ratings and Many Injury Types Are Associated with Unemployment; Summary; Chapter Six: Discussion; Empowering Wounded Warriors in Mind and Spirit; Empowering Wounded Warriors in Body; Empowering Wounded Warriors Economically; Technical Appendix A: Interpretation of Regression Analyses; Multiple Regression; Logistic Regression; Explanatory Variables; Statistical Significance; Weighting; Technical Appendix B: Analyses for Chapter 3
    Abstract: Technical Appendix C Analyses for Chapter 4Technical Appendix C.1: Alumni Characteristics and General Self-Reported Health; Technical Appendix C.2: Alumni Characteristics and Limitations Due to Physical Health; Technical Appendix C.3: Alumni Characteristics and Exercise Frequency; Technical Appendix C.4: Alumni Characteristics and Limitations of Doing Vigorous Activity; Technical Appendix D: Analyses for Chapter 5; Technical Appendix D.1: Alumni Characteristics and Use of VA's Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment Program
    Abstract: The Wounded Warrior Project offers support and raises public awareness of service members who have experienced physical or mental health conditions associated with their service on or after September 11, 2001. In this report, the authors use WWP's 2013 survey of its members (alumni) to understand the physical, mental, and economic challenges that Wounded Warriors face. This information can be used to better understand the needs of WWP alumni and the ways that WWP can serve and support this constituency. --
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 12
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    A program manager's guide for program improvement in ongoing psychological health and traumatic brain injury programs (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : Rand Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833080523 , 0833084844 , 0833080520 , 9780833084842
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 42 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND toolkit v.4
    Parallel Title: Print version Ryan, Gery W Program manager's guide for program improvement in ongoing psychological health and traumatic brain injury programs
    Keywords: Medical care Evaluation ; Health services administration ; Quality assurance Management ; Mental health services Evaluation ; Medical care ; Health services administration ; Quality assurance ; Mental health services ; Brain Wounds and injuries ; Treatment ; Evaluation ; Brain ; Post-traumatic stress disorder ; Soldiers Mental health services ; Veterans Mental health services ; Depression, Mental ; Brain Injuries therapy ; Program Evaluation ; Mental Health Services ; Quality Improvement ; Post-traumatic stress disorder ; Veterans ; Mental health services ; Depression, Mental ; United States ; PSYCHOLOGY ; Psychopathology ; Depression ; Brain ; Wounds and injuries ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Between 2001 and 2011, the U.S. Department of Defense has implemented numerous programs to support service members and their families in coping with the stressors from a decade of the longstanding conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. These programs, which address both psychological health and traumatic brain injury (TBI), number in the hundreds and vary in their size, scope, and target population. To ensure that resources are wisely invested and maximize the benefits of such programs, RAND developed a tool to help assess program performance, consider options for improvement, implement solutions, then assess whether the changes worked, with the intention of helping those responsible for managing or implementing programs to conduct assessments of how well the program is performing and to implement solutions for improving performance. Specifically, the tool is intended to provide practical guidance in program improvement and continuous quality improvement for all programs
    Abstract: Between 2001 and 2011, the U.S. Department of Defense has implemented numerous programs to support service members and their families in coping with the stressors from a decade of the longstanding conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. These programs, which address both psychological health and traumatic brain injury (TBI), number in the hundreds and vary in their size, scope, and target population. To ensure that resources are wisely invested and maximize the benefits of such programs, RAND developed a tool to help assess program performance, consider options for improvement, implement solutions, then assess whether the changes worked, with the intention of helping those responsible for managing or implementing programs to conduct assessments of how well the program is performing and to implement solutions for improving performance. Specifically, the tool is intended to provide practical guidance in program improvement and continuous quality improvement for all programs
    Note: "National Defense Research Institute , "Approved for public release; distribution unlimited , "RAND Corporation research report series."--Web page (PDF) , "RR-487/4-OSD."--Page 4 of printed paper wrapper , "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense and the Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury , Includes bibliographical references (pages 39-42)
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  • 13
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    How do we know what information sharing is really worth? : exploring methodologies to measure the value of information sharing and fusion efforts (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833083869 , 0833083872 , 0833083864 , 9780833083876
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Jackson, Brian A., 1972- How do we know what information sharing is really worth?
    Keywords: Selective dissemination of information ; Intelligence service ; Information policy ; Communication in law enforcement ; Government information Access control ; Terrorism Prevention ; Domestic intelligence ; Exchange of government information ; Selective dissemination of information ; Intelligence service ; Information policy ; Communication in law enforcement ; Government information ; Terrorism ; Domestic intelligence ; Exchange of government information ; Selective dissemination of information ; Terrorism ; Prevention ; United States ; COMPUTERS ; Internet ; Security ; Communication in law enforcement ; Domestic intelligence ; Exchange of government information ; Government information ; Access control ; Information policy ; Intelligence service ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the sharing of intelligence and law enforcement information has been a central part of U.S. domestic security efforts. Though much of the public debate about such sharing focuses on addressing the threat of terrorism, organizations at all levels of government routinely share varied types of information through multiagency information systems, collaborative groups, and other links. Given resource constraints, there are concerns about the effectiveness of information-sharing and fusion activities and, therefore, their value relative to the public funds invested in them. Solid methods for evaluating these efforts are lacking, however, limiting the ability to make informed policy decisions. Drawing on a substantial literature review and synthesis, this report lays out the challenges of evaluating information-sharing efforts that frequently seek to achieve multiple goals simultaneously; reviews past evaluations of information-sharing programs; and lays out a path to improving the evaluation of such efforts going forward
    Note: "RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center , "This research was conducted within the RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center ... a joint center of two research divisions: RAND Justice, Infrastructure, and Environment, and the RAND National Security Research Division"--Back cover , "RAND Corporation research report series."--Web Page (PDF) , "RR-380-OSD"--Page 31 , Caption title , Includes bibliographical references (pages 27-30)
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  • 14
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    An evaluation of the implementation and perceived utility of the Airman Resilience Training Program (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833086280 , 0833087134 , 0833086286 , 9780833087133
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xix, 83 pages)
    Series Statement: Research report
    Parallel Title: Print version Evaluation of the implementation and perceived utility of the Airman Resilience Training Program
    Keywords: United States Airmen ; United States ; Military education ; Resilience (Personality trait) ; Military art and science ; Military education ; Resilience (Personality trait) ; Military art and science ; Military education ; Resilience (Personality trait) ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Air Forces ; United States ; MEDICAL ; Preventive Medicine ; United States ; Armed Forces ; Airmen ; Military art and science ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "Since 2001, the U.S. military has been functioning at an operational tempo that is historically high for the all-volunteer force in which service members are deploying for extended periods on a repeated basis. Even with the drawdown of troops from Iraq in 2011, some service members are returning from deployment experiencing difficulties handling stress, mental health problems, or deficits caused by a traumatic brain injury (TBI). In response to these challenges, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has implemented numerous programs to support service members and their families in these areas. In 2009, the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs asked the RAND National Defense Research Institute to develop a comprehensive catalog of existing programs sponsored or funded by DoD to support psychological health and care for TBI, to create tools to support ongoing assessment and evaluation of the DoD portfolio of programs, and to conduct evaluations of a subset of these programs. This report describes RAND's assessment of an Air Force program, Airman Resilience Training (ART), a psychoeducational program designed to improve airmen's reactions to stress during and after deployment and to increase the use of mental health services when needed. ART was initiated in November 2010, replacing a previous program named Landing Gear, which had been in place since April 2008. The RAND study took place from August 2011 through November 2011. This report will be of particular interest to officials within the Air Force who are responsible for the psychological health and well-being of airmen, as well as to others within the military who are developing programs for service members to help them cope with stress while in combat situations and after returning from deployment."--"Abstract" on web page
    Abstract: "Since 2001, the U.S. military has been functioning at an operational tempo that is historically high for the all-volunteer force in which service members are deploying for extended periods on a repeated basis. Even with the drawdown of troops from Iraq in 2011, some service members are returning from deployment experiencing difficulties handling stress, mental health problems, or deficits caused by a traumatic brain injury (TBI). In response to these challenges, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has implemented numerous programs to support service members and their families in these areas. In 2009, the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs asked the RAND National Defense Research Institute to develop a comprehensive catalog of existing programs sponsored or funded by DoD to support psychological health and care for TBI, to create tools to support ongoing assessment and evaluation of the DoD portfolio of programs, and to conduct evaluations of a subset of these programs. This report describes RAND's assessment of an Air Force program, Airman Resilience Training (ART), a psychoeducational program designed to improve airmen's reactions to stress during and after deployment and to increase the use of mental health services when needed. ART was initiated in November 2010, replacing a previous program named Landing Gear, which had been in place since April 2008. The RAND study took place from August 2011 through November 2011. This report will be of particular interest to officials within the Air Force who are responsible for the psychological health and well-being of airmen, as well as to others within the military who are developing programs for service members to help them cope with stress while in combat situations and after returning from deployment."--"Abstract" on web page
    Note: "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , "National Defense Research Institute , "RR-655-OSD , Includes bibliographical references (pages 81-83)
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  • 15
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    Mexico is not Colombia : alternative historical analogies for responding to the challenge of violent drug-trafficking organizations (2014)
    Santa Monica, California : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833084453 , 083308447X , 9780833084446 , 0833084453 , 9780833084477
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxxii, 249 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation research report RR-548/2
    Parallel Title: Paul, Christopher, 1971 - Mexico is not Colombia
    Parallel Title: Print version Paul, Christopher, 1971- Mexico is not Colombia : alternative historical analogies for responding to the challenge of violent drug-trafficking organizations
    Keywords: Drug control ; Internal security ; Insurgency ; Drug traffic ; Violence ; Violent crimes ; Drug control ; Internal security ; Insurgency ; Drug traffic ; Violence ; Violent crimes ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; General ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Criminology ; Drug control ; Drug traffic ; Insurgency ; Internal security ; Violence ; Violent crimes ; Mexico ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Infrastructure ; Electronic books ; Drogenkriminalität ; Organisiertes Verbrechen ; Bekämpfung ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Drogenkriminalität ; Organisiertes Verbrechen ; Bekämpfung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Despite the scope of the threat they pose to Mexico's security, violent drug-trafficking organizations are not well understood, and optimal strategies to combat them have not been identified. While there is no perfectly analogous case to Mexico's current security situation, historical case studies may offer lessons for policymakers as they cope with challenges related to violence and corruption in that country
    Abstract: Despite the scope of the threat they pose to Mexico's security, violent drug-trafficking organizations are not well understood, and optimal strategies to combat them have not been identified. While there is no perfectly analogous case to Mexico's current security situation, historical case studies may offer lessons for policymakers as they cope with challenges related to violence and corruption in that country
    Note: "Supporting case studies , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 16
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    H4cker5 wanted : an examination of the cybersecurity labor market (2014)
    [Santa Monica, California] : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833085016 , 0833085018 , 9780833085023 , 0833085034 , 9780833085009 , 0833085026 , 9780833085030
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxi, 84 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Libicki, Martin C H4cker5 wanted
    Keywords: Professions Supply and demand ; Hackers ; Cyberspace Security measures ; Cyber intelligence (Computer security) ; Computer crimes Prevention ; Professions ; Hackers ; Cyberspace ; Cyber intelligence (Computer security) ; Computer crimes ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Labor & Industrial Relations ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Political Freedom ; Computer crimes ; Prevention ; Cyber intelligence (Computer security) ; Hackers ; Professions ; Supply and demand ; Social Welfare & Social Work ; Social Sciences ; Criminology, Penology & Juvenile Delinquency ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Labor ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The perceived shortage of cybersecurity professionals working on national security may endanger the nation's networks and be a disadvantage in cyberspace conflict. RAND examined the cybersecurity labor market, especially in regard to national defense. Analysis suggests market forces and government programs will draw more workers into the profession in time, and steps taken today would not bear fruit for another five to ten years
    Abstract: The perceived shortage of cybersecurity professionals working on national security may endanger the nation's networks and be a disadvantage in cyberspace conflict. RAND examined the cybersecurity labor market, especially in regard to national defense. Analysis suggests market forces and government programs will draw more workers into the profession in time, and steps taken today would not bear fruit for another five to ten years
    Note: "RAND National Security Research Division , "RR-430"--Page 4 of cover , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 17
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    Chinese Engagement in Africa : Drivers, Reactions, and Implications for U.S. Policy (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833084125 , 0833084143 , 0833084119 , 0833084127 , 9780833084118 , 9780833084149
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvii, 151 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series RR521
    Parallel Title: Print version Hanauer, Larry Chinese engagement in Africa
    Keywords: Außenpolitik ; Internationale Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftshilfe ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Auslandsinvestition ; Regions & Countries - Asia & the Middle East ; History & Archaeology ; East Asia ; Regions & Countries - Africa ; China ; China ; Afrika ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Government ; International ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; General ; HISTORY ; Africa ; General ; Africa ; International relations ; China Relations ; Africa Relations ; China Foreign public opinion, African ; China ; Africa ; China ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "Most analyses of Chinese engagement in Africa focus either on what China gets out of these partnerships or the impacts that China's aid and investment have had on African countries. This analysis approaches Sino-African relations as a vibrant, two-way dynamic in which both sides adjust to policy initiatives and popular perceptions emanating from the other. The authors focus on (1) Chinese and African objectives in the political and economic spheres and how they work to achieve them, (2) African perceptions of Chinese engagement, (3) how China has adjusted its policies to accommodate often-hostile African responses, and (4) whether the United States and China are competing for influence, access, and resources in Africa and how they might cooperate in the region. The authors find that Chinese engagement in the region is primarily concerned with natural resource extraction, infrastructure development, and manufacturing, in contrast to the United States' focus on higher-technology trade and services as well as aid policies aimed at promoting democracy, good governance, and human development. African governments generally welcome engagement with China, as it brings them political legitimacy and contributes to their economic development. Some segments of African society criticize Chinese enterprises for their poor labor conditions, unsustainable environmental practices, and job displacement, but China has been modifying its approach to the continent to address these concerns. China and the United States are not strategic rivals in Africa, but greater American commercial engagement in African markets could generate competition that would both benefit African countries and advance U.S. interests."--Back cover
    Abstract: "Most analyses of Chinese engagement in Africa focus either on what China gets out of these partnerships or the impacts that China's aid and investment have had on African countries. This analysis approaches Sino-African relations as a vibrant, two-way dynamic in which both sides adjust to policy initiatives and popular perceptions emanating from the other. The authors focus on (1) Chinese and African objectives in the political and economic spheres and how they work to achieve them, (2) African perceptions of Chinese engagement, (3) how China has adjusted its policies to accommodate often-hostile African responses, and (4) whether the United States and China are competing for influence, access, and resources in Africa and how they might cooperate in the region. The authors find that Chinese engagement in the region is primarily concerned with natural resource extraction, infrastructure development, and manufacturing, in contrast to the United States' focus on higher-technology trade and services as well as aid policies aimed at promoting democracy, good governance, and human development. African governments generally welcome engagement with China, as it brings them political legitimacy and contributes to their economic development. Some segments of African society criticize Chinese enterprises for their poor labor conditions, unsustainable environmental practices, and job displacement, but China has been modifying its approach to the continent to address these concerns. China and the United States are not strategic rivals in Africa, but greater American commercial engagement in African markets could generate competition that would both benefit African countries and advance U.S. interests."--Back cover
    Note: "Approved for public release; distribution unlimited , "RR-521-OSD."--Page 4 of printed paper wrapper , "RAND Corporation research report series."--Web page (PDF) , "National Security Research Division , "This research was conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute."--Title page verso , Includes bibliographical references (pages 121-151)
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  • 18
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    Evaluating the impact of the Department of Defense Regional Centers for Security Studies (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833085139 , 0833086499 , 0833085131 , 9780833086495
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxxiii, 152 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Hanauer, Larry Evaluating the impact of the Department of Defense Regional Centers for Security Studies
    Keywords: United States Management ; Evaluation ; United States ; National security International cooperation ; Military assistance, American ; National security ; Military assistance, American ; National security ; International cooperation ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Armies ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; Treaties ; Management ; Evaluation ; Military assistance, American ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The five U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Regional Centers for Security Studies have been helping partner nations build strategic capacity for almost 20 years. However, recent DoD budget constraints have put pressure on the regional centers (RCs) to increase efficiency. The Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) asked RAND to conduct a study on the overall impact of the RCs, their effectiveness in advancing DoD policy priorities, the ways in which they assess their programs, and ways in which they could improve their impact and efficiency and the resulting outcomes. The RAND study team found that centers have had great success at the missions they have undertaken. They are high-impact components of U.S. security cooperation and engagement efforts, despite their relatively small budgets. The team identified 24 ways in which the centers advance U.S. interests, including building partner capacity, building relationships, fostering pro-U.S. outlooks, offering unique opportunities for engagement, and promoting regional dialogue that reduces tensions. However, RCs should improve impact-oriented data collection and analysis for improved assessment, methodically collecting such data over time. OSD and the combatant commands should improve their oversight and management of the RCs to ensure alignment with department- and theater-level objectives. In addition, OSD should maintain the RCs' focus on regional security challenges rather than refashioning them to address specific threats. Options to consider for greater impact include evaluating the balance between core residential courses and in-region workshops and determining whether and to what extent the centers should develop customized programs for DoD components so as to secure funds beyond the core budget they receive from OSD
    Abstract: The five U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Regional Centers for Security Studies have been helping partner nations build strategic capacity for almost 20 years. However, recent DoD budget constraints have put pressure on the regional centers (RCs) to increase efficiency. The Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) asked RAND to conduct a study on the overall impact of the RCs, their effectiveness in advancing DoD policy priorities, the ways in which they assess their programs, and ways in which they could improve their impact and efficiency and the resulting outcomes. The RAND study team found that centers have had great success at the missions they have undertaken. They are high-impact components of U.S. security cooperation and engagement efforts, despite their relatively small budgets. The team identified 24 ways in which the centers advance U.S. interests, including building partner capacity, building relationships, fostering pro-U.S. outlooks, offering unique opportunities for engagement, and promoting regional dialogue that reduces tensions. However, RCs should improve impact-oriented data collection and analysis for improved assessment, methodically collecting such data over time. OSD and the combatant commands should improve their oversight and management of the RCs to ensure alignment with department- and theater-level objectives. In addition, OSD should maintain the RCs' focus on regional security challenges rather than refashioning them to address specific threats. Options to consider for greater impact include evaluating the balance between core residential courses and in-region workshops and determining whether and to what extent the centers should develop customized programs for DoD components so as to secure funds beyond the core budget they receive from OSD
    Note: "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , "RR-388-OSD"--Page 4 of cover , "National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references (pages 145-152)
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  • 19
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    Authorities and options for funding USSOCOM operations (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : Rand Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833085061 , 0833087150 , 0833085069 , 9780833087157
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xix, 75 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Loredo, Elvira N Authorities and options for funding USSOCOM operations
    Keywords: U.S. Special Operations Command Finance ; U.S. Special Operations Command ; Military planning ; Military planning ; United States ; Military policy ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; U.S. Special Operations Command ; Armies ; Finance ; HISTORY ; Military ; Strategy ; Military planning ; United States Military policy ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report examines mechanisms, sources, and inter-Service agreements for funding special operations forces (SOF) operations and provides recommendations to reduce the frequency and duration of disputes between the United States Special Operations Command (SOCOM), the Military Departments, and Geographic Combatant Commands over their respective funding responsibilities for SOF, especially with respect to when Service Common (Major Force Program (MFP) 2) and SOF Peculiar (MFP 11) funds should be used. The Geographic Combatant Commanders, in accordance with guidance received from the President and Secretary of Defense, generate requests for unplanned activities and operations, sometimes in response to unanticipated events. Such events fall outside planned and programmed activities, creating validated operational support requirements that are unfunded and/or unbudgeted. Each time this occurs, it leads to prolonged negotiations to work out funding responsibility disputes among a variety of stakeholders to secure the funding necessary to execute the new requirement. SOCOM's Global SOF Network (GSN) envisions increased use of SOF, which would further increase the frequency of such disputes and could be hindered by current funding processes, motivating the research conducted to produce this report. If the President and Congress agree to expand the use of SOF as described by the GSN concept, it would be necessary to increase the flexibility of funding available for validated but unfunded operations. To increase the effectiveness of SOF, the Department of Defense needs funding solutions that are responsive to global events while enabling effective financial stewardship that satisfies the needs of all stakeholders
    Abstract: This report examines mechanisms, sources, and inter-Service agreements for funding special operations forces (SOF) operations and provides recommendations to reduce the frequency and duration of disputes between the United States Special Operations Command (SOCOM), the Military Departments, and Geographic Combatant Commands over their respective funding responsibilities for SOF, especially with respect to when Service Common (Major Force Program (MFP) 2) and SOF Peculiar (MFP 11) funds should be used. The Geographic Combatant Commanders, in accordance with guidance received from the President and Secretary of Defense, generate requests for unplanned activities and operations, sometimes in response to unanticipated events. Such events fall outside planned and programmed activities, creating validated operational support requirements that are unfunded and/or unbudgeted. Each time this occurs, it leads to prolonged negotiations to work out funding responsibility disputes among a variety of stakeholders to secure the funding necessary to execute the new requirement. SOCOM's Global SOF Network (GSN) envisions increased use of SOF, which would further increase the frequency of such disputes and could be hindered by current funding processes, motivating the research conducted to produce this report. If the President and Congress agree to expand the use of SOF as described by the GSN concept, it would be necessary to increase the flexibility of funding available for validated but unfunded operations. To increase the effectiveness of SOF, the Department of Defense needs funding solutions that are responsive to global events while enabling effective financial stewardship that satisfies the needs of all stakeholders
    Note: "Prepared for the U.S. Special Operations Command."' , "National Defense Research Institute , "RR-360-SOCOM"--Page 4 of cover , Includes bibliographical references (pages 71-75)
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  • 20
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    Cruise missile penaid nonproliferation : hindering the spread of countermeasures against cruise missile defenses (2014)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833087706 , 0833089560 , 0833087703 , 9780833089564
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 51 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Speier, Richard Cruise missile penaid nonproliferation
    Keywords: Cruise missiles ; Antimissile missiles ; Technology transfer ; Arms control ; Export controls ; Cruise missiles ; Antimissile missiles ; Technology transfer ; Arms control ; Export controls ; Arms control ; Cruise missiles ; Export controls ; Technology transfer ; Law, Politics & Government ; International Relations ; HISTORY ; Military ; Weapons ; Antimissile missiles ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) becomes a greater threat when accompanied by the proliferation of effective means of delivery. The threat of one means of delivery, cruise missiles, will increase if proliferators can acquire effective countermeasures against missile defenses. Such countermeasures, when incorporated in an attacker's missile, are known as penetration aids or penaids. As proliferator nations acquire ballistic and cruise missiles for this purpose, it will be important to establish effective measures to counter WMD attacks. This research was designed to assist U.S. agencies charged with generating policies to discourage the proliferation of WMD and cruise missile delivery systems, thereby strengthening deterrence. Specifically, it recommends controls on potential exports of penaid-related items according to the structure of the current international policy against missile proliferation, the Missile Technology Control Regime. The recommendations account for 18 classes of such items and are based on structured interviews with government and nongovernment experts, as well as an independent technical assessment to develop a preliminary characterization of the technologies and equipment most critical to the emerging penaid threat. The project also brought together a selected group of experts to participate in a workshop to review the initial characterization of penaid technologies and equipment
    Abstract: Preface. -- Summary. -- Acknowledgments. -- Cruise missile penaid nonproliferation. -- The missile technology control regime. -- Items proposed for penaid export controls. -- Implementing penaid export constrols. -- Concluding observations. -- References
    Abstract: The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) becomes a greater threat when accompanied by the proliferation of effective means of delivery. The threat of one means of delivery, cruise missiles, will increase if proliferators can acquire effective countermeasures against missile defenses. Such countermeasures, when incorporated in an attacker's missile, are known as penetration aids or penaids. As proliferator nations acquire ballistic and cruise missiles for this purpose, it will be important to establish effective measures to counter WMD attacks. This research was designed to assist U.S. agencies charged with generating policies to discourage the proliferation of WMD and cruise missile delivery systems, thereby strengthening deterrence. Specifically, it recommends controls on potential exports of penaid-related items according to the structure of the current international policy against missile proliferation, the Missile Technology Control Regime. The recommendations account for 18 classes of such items and are based on structured interviews with government and nongovernment experts, as well as an independent technical assessment to develop a preliminary characterization of the technologies and equipment most critical to the emerging penaid threat. The project also brought together a selected group of experts to participate in a workshop to review the initial characterization of penaid technologies and equipment
    Note: "Prepared for the Naval Postgraduate School, Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Combating WMD , Includes bibliographical references (pages 49-51)
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  • 21
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    Sexual assault and sexual harassment in the U.S. military : : Top-line estimates for active-duty service members from the 2014 Rand Military Workplace Study (2014)
    Santa Monica, Calif : Rand Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833088598 , 0833089315 , 0833088599 , 9780833089311
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 43 pages)
    Series Statement: RR-870-OSD
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sexual assault and sexual harassment in the U.S. military. Top-line estimates for active-duty service members from the 2014 Rand Military Workplace Study
    DDC: 355.0082097
    Keywords: Women soldiers Crimes against ; Social surveys ; Soldiers Crimes against ; Sexual harassment in the military ; Women soldiers ; Social surveys ; Soldiers ; Sexual harassment in the military ; Sexual harassment in the military ; Social surveys ; Military Administration ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; United States ; United States Armed Forces ; Women ; Crimes against ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: In early 2014, the Department of Defense Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office asked the RAND National Defense Research Institute to conduct an independent assessment of sexual assault, sexual harassment, and gender discrimination in the military -- an assessment last conducted in 2012 by the department itself with the Workplace and Gender Relations Survey of Active Duty Personnel. Separately, the Coast Guard requested that we expand the 2014 study to include an assessment of its active and reserve force. This report provides initial top-line active-duty Coast Guard estimates from the resulting RAND Military Workplace Study, which invited close to 560,000 service members to participate in a survey fielded in August and September of 2014
    Abstract: In early 2014, the Department of Defense Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office asked the RAND National Defense Research Institute to conduct an independent assessment of sexual assault, sexual harassment, and gender discrimination in the military -- an assessment last conducted in 2012 by the department itself with the Workplace and Gender Relations Survey of Active Duty Personnel. Separately, the Coast Guard requested that we expand the 2014 study to include an assessment of its active and reserve force. This report provides initial top-line active-duty Coast Guard estimates from the resulting RAND Military Workplace Study, which invited close to 560,000 service members to participate in a survey fielded in August and September of 2014
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 37-38) , Prepared for the DoD Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office
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  • 22
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    Markets for cybercrime tools and stolen data : hackers' bazaar (2014)
    Santa Monica, California : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833085412 , 0833085417 , 9780833085740 , 0833085743 , 9780833087119 , 012415817X , 0833087118 , 9780124158177
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 65 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Ablon, Lillian Markets for cybercrime tools and stolen data
    DDC: 364.168
    Keywords: Hacking ; Computer crimes Economic aspects ; Black market ; Data protection ; Hacking ; Computer crimes ; Black market ; Data protection ; Hacking ; Schwarzmarkt ; Datensicherung ; Internetkriminalität ; Computerkriminalität ; Criminology, Penology & Juvenile Delinquency ; Social Sciences ; Social Welfare & Social Work ; COMPUTERS ; Internet ; Security ; Grässe ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Criminology ; Black market ; Data protection ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Criminal activities in cyberspace are increasingly facilitated by burgeoning black markets for both tools (e.g., exploit kits) and take (e.g., credit card information). This report, part of a multiphase study on the future security environment, describes the fundamental characteristics of these markets and how they have grown into their current state to explain how their existence can harm the information security environment. Understanding the current and predicted landscape for these markets lays the groundwork for follow-on exploration of options to minimize the potentially harmful influence these markets impart. Experts agree that the coming years will bring more activity in darknets, more use of crypto-currencies, greater anonymity capabilities in malware, and more attention to encrypting and protecting communications and transactions; that the ability to stage cyberattacks will likely outpace the ability to defend against them; that crime will increasingly have a networked or cyber component, creating a wider range of opportunities for black markets; and that there will be more hacking for hire, as-a-service offerings, and brokers. Experts disagree, however, on who will be most affected by the growth of the black market (e.g., small or large businesses, individuals), what products will be on the rise (e.g., fungible goods, such as data records and credit card information; non-fungible goods, such as intellectual property), or which types of attacks will be most prevalent (e.g., persistent, targeted attacks; opportunistic, mass "smash-and-grab" attacks)
    Abstract: Criminal activities in cyberspace are increasingly facilitated by burgeoning black markets for both tools (e.g., exploit kits) and take (e.g., credit card information). This report, part of a multiphase study on the future security environment, describes the fundamental characteristics of these markets and how they have grown into their current state to explain how their existence can harm the information security environment. Understanding the current and predicted landscape for these markets lays the groundwork for follow-on exploration of options to minimize the potentially harmful influence these markets impart. Experts agree that the coming years will bring more activity in darknets, more use of crypto-currencies, greater anonymity capabilities in malware, and more attention to encrypting and protecting communications and transactions; that the ability to stage cyberattacks will likely outpace the ability to defend against them; that crime will increasingly have a networked or cyber component, creating a wider range of opportunities for black markets; and that there will be more hacking for hire, as-a-service offerings, and brokers. Experts disagree, however, on who will be most affected by the growth of the black market (e.g., small or large businesses, individuals), what products will be on the rise (e.g., fungible goods, such as data records and credit card information; non-fungible goods, such as intellectual property), or which types of attacks will be most prevalent (e.g., persistent, targeted attacks; opportunistic, mass "smash-and-grab" attacks)
    Note: "RR-610-JNI."--Page 4 of cover , "The research described in this report was sponsored by Juniper Networks and conducted within the Acquisition and Technology Policy Center of the RAND National Security Research Division"--Title page verso , Includes bibliographical references (pages 53-65)
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  • 23
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    Leadership stability in Army Reserve component units (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833079947 , 0833081195 , 0833079948 , 9780833081193
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xx, 71 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation monograph series
    Parallel Title: Print version Lippiatt, Thomas F., 1940- Leadership stability in Army Reserve component units
    Keywords: United States Officers ; United States Unit cohesion ; United States Operational readiness ; United States Personnel management ; United States ; United States ; United States ; United States ; Leadership ; Command of troops ; Leadership ; Command of troops ; Armed Forces ; Operational readiness ; Armed Forces ; Personnel management ; Armed Forces ; Unit cohesion ; Command of troops ; Leadership ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Administration ; United States ; United States ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Training ; Armed Forces ; Officers ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Stability of personnel is highly valued in all military forces, especially in units that are preparing for deployment. A particular concern is personnel turbulence (personnel leaving the unit and being replaced by others) among the unit leadership. Even if the Army must live with turbulence among the bulk of unit members, it would prefer to have unit officers and noncommissioned officers in place to plan and oversee training of the troops with whom they will deploy. This monograph reports results of a study to determine the level of turbulence among unit leadership and to address several related questions: What causes leader turbulence? What effects might it have on training and preparation for future missions that may require RC units? What steps, if any, could be taken to mitigate it? The authors used data from 2003 through 2011 on Army National Guard infantry battalions and Army National Guard and U.S. Army Reserve military police and truck companies. They find high rates of personnel instability, caused generally by vacancies, personnel losses, and those who don't deploy. This turbulence generates a large influx of new leaders entering units who have not been through all the training with the soldiers they will lead. The monograph makes recommendations for estimating preparation time for different types of units and for department policy to mitigate effects on mission preparation
    Abstract: Stability of personnel is highly valued in all military forces, especially in units that are preparing for deployment. A particular concern is personnel turbulence (personnel leaving the unit and being replaced by others) among the unit leadership. Even if the Army must live with turbulence among the bulk of unit members, it would prefer to have unit officers and noncommissioned officers in place to plan and oversee training of the troops with whom they will deploy. This monograph reports results of a study to determine the level of turbulence among unit leadership and to address several related questions: What causes leader turbulence? What effects might it have on training and preparation for future missions that may require RC units? What steps, if any, could be taken to mitigate it? The authors used data from 2003 through 2011 on Army National Guard infantry battalions and Army National Guard and U.S. Army Reserve military police and truck companies. They find high rates of personnel instability, caused generally by vacancies, personnel losses, and those who don't deploy. This turbulence generates a large influx of new leaders entering units who have not been through all the training with the soldiers they will lead. The monograph makes recommendations for estimating preparation time for different types of units and for department policy to mitigate effects on mission preparation
    Note: "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , "National Security Research Division , Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-71)
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  • 24
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    Lessons from Department of Defense disaster relief efforts in the Asia-Pacific Region (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833080431 , 0833081950 , 0833080431 , 9780833081957
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxviii, 146 pages)
    Series Statement: Report RR-146-OSD
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Moroney, Jennifer D. P., 1973- Lessons from Department of Defense disaster relief efforts in the Asia-Pacific Region
    Keywords: United States Rules and practice ; Evaluation ; United States ; Disaster relief Case studies ; Disaster relief Evaluation ; Humanitarian assistance Evaluation ; Humanitarian assistance Case studies ; Emergency management Case studies ; Integrated operations (Military science) Case studies ; Disaster relief ; Disaster relief ; Humanitarian assistance ; Humanitarian assistance ; Emergency management ; Integrated operations (Military science) ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Human Rights ; Armed Forces ; Civic action ; Disaster relief ; Disaster relief ; Evaluation ; Emergency management ; Humanitarian assistance ; Integrated operations (Military science) ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Administration ; Pacific Area ; United States ; Case studies ; United States ; United States Case studies Armed Forces ; Civic action ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The Department of Defense has long been able to play a major role in international humanitarian assistance and disaster response (HA/DR) due to its unique capabilities, manpower, and forward-deployed resources. The Asia-Pacific region is of particular importance to the United States because it bears the brunt of more than half of the world's natural disasters and is home to numerous key U.S. allies. In an effort to improve the effectiveness of HA/DR operations in the future, this report analyzes recent operations in Burma, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Japan, and identifies lessons that have emerged in the areas of (1) interagency coordination, (2) communication with the affected country, (3) coordination with other state and non-state actors, (4) prospects for U.S. security cooperation and building partner capacity for HA/DR, and (5) prospects for the increased involvement of regional organizations in HA/DR. This report also identifies complementary capabilities and comparative advantages that exist around the region, presents options for leveraging these capabilities to deal with future disasters, and assesses various crisis management mechanisms involving allies and partners that can be applied to other contingencies
    Abstract: The Department of Defense has long been able to play a major role in international humanitarian assistance and disaster response (HA/DR) due to its unique capabilities, manpower, and forward-deployed resources. The Asia-Pacific region is of particular importance to the United States because it bears the brunt of more than half of the world's natural disasters and is home to numerous key U.S. allies. In an effort to improve the effectiveness of HA/DR operations in the future, this report analyzes recent operations in Burma, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Japan, and identifies lessons that have emerged in the areas of (1) interagency coordination, (2) communication with the affected country, (3) coordination with other state and non-state actors, (4) prospects for U.S. security cooperation and building partner capacity for HA/DR, and (5) prospects for the increased involvement of regional organizations in HA/DR. This report also identifies complementary capabilities and comparative advantages that exist around the region, presents options for leveraging these capabilities to deal with future disasters, and assesses various crisis management mechanisms involving allies and partners that can be applied to other contingencies
    Note: "National Security Research Division , "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 25
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    Sea power and American interests in the western Pacific (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833078919 , 0833078917 , 9780833078902 , 0833078933 , 0833078909 , 0833078925 , 9780833078926 , 9780833078933
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxi, 193 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Gompert, David C Sea power and American interests in the western Pacific
    Keywords: Naval strategy ; Sea-power ; Geopolitics ; Sea-power ; Sea-power ; Naval strategy ; Sea-power ; Geopolitics ; Sea-power ; Sea-power ; Sea-power ; Strategic aspects of individual places ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Naval Science - General ; China ; Pacific Area ; United States ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Marine & Naval ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Geopolitics ; Naval strategy ; International relations ; China Strategic aspects ; United States Relations ; China Relations ; China ; United States ; China ; Electronic books
    Abstract: China sees American sea power in East Asian waters as threatening to itself, its regional aspirations, and possibly its global access. So it is mounting a challenge with anti-ship missiles, submarines, and a growing fleet of its own. However, the United States will not relinquish its sea power, which it sees as needed to maintain its influence and stability, despite China's growing might, in this vital region. History shows that rivalries between established and rising sea powers tend to end badly, to wit: Britain versus Germany before World War I and the United States versus Japan before World War II. In this case, technology that enables the targeting of surface ships, especially aircraft carriers, favors the challenger, China. The United States can exploit technology more boldly than it has previously to make its sea power less vulnerable by relying more on submarines, drones, and smaller, elusive, widely distributed strike platforms. Yet, such a U.S. strategy could take decades and even then be vulnerable to Chinese cyber-war. Therefore, in parallel with making its sea power more survivable, the United States should propose an alternative to confrontation at sea: East Asian multilateral maritime-security cooperation, with China invited to join. While China might be wary that such a regional arrangement would be designed to contain and constrain it, the alternative of exclusion and isolation could induce China to join
    Abstract: China sees American sea power in East Asian waters as threatening to itself, its regional aspirations, and possibly its global access. So it is mounting a challenge with anti-ship missiles, submarines, and a growing fleet of its own. However, the United States will not relinquish its sea power, which it sees as needed to maintain its influence and stability, despite China's growing might, in this vital region. History shows that rivalries between established and rising sea powers tend to end badly, to wit: Britain versus Germany before World War I and the United States versus Japan before World War II. In this case, technology that enables the targeting of surface ships, especially aircraft carriers, favors the challenger, China. The United States can exploit technology more boldly than it has previously to make its sea power less vulnerable by relying more on submarines, drones, and smaller, elusive, widely distributed strike platforms. Yet, such a U.S. strategy could take decades and even then be vulnerable to Chinese cyber-war. Therefore, in parallel with making its sea power more survivable, the United States should propose an alternative to confrontation at sea: East Asian multilateral maritime-security cooperation, with China invited to join. While China might be wary that such a regional arrangement would be designed to contain and constrain it, the alternative of exclusion and isolation could induce China to join
    Note: "Rand National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 26
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    The Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center Care Coordination Program : assessment of program structure, activities, and implementation (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833080998 , 0833083317 , 0833080997 , 9780833083319
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiii, 74 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series RR126
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Martin, Laurie T. (Laurie Thayer), 1974- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center Care Coordination Program
    Keywords: Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (Washington, D.C.) Evaluation ; Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (Washington, D.C.) ; Brain damage Patients ; Rehabilitation ; Management ; Disabled veterans Medical care ; Management ; Brain damage ; Disabled veterans ; Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment ; Brain Diseases ; Brain Injuries ; Central Nervous System Diseases ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Delivery of Health Care ; Disabled Persons ; Disease ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms ; Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation ; Health Services Administration ; Investigative Techniques ; Named Groups ; Nervous System Diseases ; Persons ; Program Evaluation ; Quality of Health Care ; Trauma, Nervous System ; Veterans ; Wounds and Injuries ; Neurology ; United States ; MEDICAL ; Neurology ; Evaluation ; Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (Washington, D.C.) ; Medicine ; Health & Biological Sciences ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Improvised explosive devices have been used extensively against U.S. forces during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom and have been one of the leading causes of death. Injuries among survivors often include traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Those recovering from TBIs often find they must coordinate services across multiple systems of care to meet all their medical and psychological health needs. This task is difficult even for those without the cognitive challenges associated with TBI and may prove overwhelming or even impossible, particularly during periods of transition from inpatient to outpatient services or from active duty to veteran status, for example. Although case management and care coordination are readily available for those who have experienced a severe TBI, fewer resources are available for those with symptomatic mild and moderate TBI. This report focuses on a program designed to facilitate care coordination for individuals with mild and moderate TBI, the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center Care Coordination Program. It summarizes RAND's assessment of the program's structure, activities, and implementation. To address the goals above, the authors conducted semistructured interviews in person with program administrators and via telephone with regional care coordinators. The subsequent analysis identified innovative practices, continuing challenges, and lessons learned. The recommendations provided here suggest strategies for meeting these challenges while maintaining the benefits possible through this novel approach to care
    Abstract: Improvised explosive devices have been used extensively against U.S. forces during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom and have been one of the leading causes of death. Injuries among survivors often include traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Those recovering from TBIs often find they must coordinate services across multiple systems of care to meet all their medical and psychological health needs. This task is difficult even for those without the cognitive challenges associated with TBI and may prove overwhelming or even impossible, particularly during periods of transition from inpatient to outpatient services or from active duty to veteran status, for example. Although case management and care coordination are readily available for those who have experienced a severe TBI, fewer resources are available for those with symptomatic mild and moderate TBI. This report focuses on a program designed to facilitate care coordination for individuals with mild and moderate TBI, the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center Care Coordination Program. It summarizes RAND's assessment of the program's structure, activities, and implementation. To address the goals above, the authors conducted semistructured interviews in person with program administrators and via telephone with regional care coordinators. The subsequent analysis identified innovative practices, continuing challenges, and lessons learned. The recommendations provided here suggest strategies for meeting these challenges while maintaining the benefits possible through this novel approach to care
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 71-74)
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  • 27
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    Post-traumatic stress disorder and the earnings of military reservists (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833082725 , 0833082728
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 45 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation technical report series TR1006
    Keywords: Post-traumatic stress disorder Economic aspects ; People with disabilities Employment ; Veterans Employment ; Pay equity ; Post-traumatic stress disorder ; People with disabilities ; Veterans ; Pay equity ; HEALTH & FITNESS ; Diseases ; General ; MEDICAL ; Clinical Medicine ; MEDICAL ; Diseases ; MEDICAL ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; MEDICAL ; Internal Medicine ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Labor ; Pay equity ; People with disabilities ; Employment ; Veterans ; Employment ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report investigates the effects of having symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on the labor market earnings of reservists in the years following deployment. Data on more than 315,000 reservists returning from deployments between 2003 and 2006, combined with longitudinal labor market earnings data, indicate that reservists who have symptoms of PTSD do earn substantially less than those who do not experience PTSD, but much of that gap in earnings was apparent prior to deployment. This suggests that characteristics of individuals reporting symptoms of PTSD that typically are not controlled for in empirical studies are responsible for much of the observed difference in earnings. Controlling for such characteristics, the study finds that reservists reporting symptoms of PTSD on average earn up to 6 percent less than they would have earned if they had not had such symptoms in the first four years following deployment. These lower earnings are attributable to higher military separation rates, a concomitant decline in military earnings, and no compensating increase in civilian labor market earnings
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 43-45)
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  • 28
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    New approaches to defense inflation and discounting (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833081339 , 0833083392 , 0833081330 , 9780833083395
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xix, 42 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series RR237
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Connor, Kathryn New approaches to defense inflation and discounting
    Keywords: United States Appropriations and expenditures ; Effect of inflation on ; United States ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Administration ; United States ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Armed Forces ; Weapons systems ; Costs ; Expenditures, Public ; United States ; United States Armed Forces ; Weapons systems ; Costs ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Inflation indices and discount rates are necessary tools in the Department of Defense's acquisition process, as the final selection of a system is partially based on potential increases in sustainment costs (inflation) and the present value of future costs (discounting). Inflation indices built for DoD use very broad categories that include operations and maintenance (O & M) as well as manpower, procurement, and research and development. This study addresses the question of how well current inflation indices and discount rates are serving DoD weaponsystem program management. It investigates inflation rates for parts for the Abrams tank and the Bradley armored personnel carrier and shows that the two weapon systems, while both ground systems, experience inflation differently. Although government decisionmaking can benefit from discounting (taking into account the time value of money), choices made using discounted cash flows are not always the least expensive for DoD. Its O & M estimating strategies should be reviewed to reflect changing repair and other costs, since a range of reasonable courses of action exists for many DoD investment decisions. Recommendations for the Office of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation to consider when evaluating the inflation and discounting policies that impact the long-term affordability of DoD programs include (1) revisiting O & M costs annually with a 5-year moving-average inflation, to reflect changing repair and other costs; (2) highlighting the role of supply chain surcharges in parts costs in cost estimates used to inform program financial analysis; (3) expanding analysis of investments to ensure consideration of least-cost outcomes
    Abstract: Inflation indices and discount rates are necessary tools in the Department of Defense's acquisition process, as the final selection of a system is partially based on potential increases in sustainment costs (inflation) and the present value of future costs (discounting). Inflation indices built for DoD use very broad categories that include operations and maintenance (O & M) as well as manpower, procurement, and research and development. This study addresses the question of how well current inflation indices and discount rates are serving DoD weaponsystem program management. It investigates inflation rates for parts for the Abrams tank and the Bradley armored personnel carrier and shows that the two weapon systems, while both ground systems, experience inflation differently. Although government decisionmaking can benefit from discounting (taking into account the time value of money), choices made using discounted cash flows are not always the least expensive for DoD. Its O & M estimating strategies should be reviewed to reflect changing repair and other costs, since a range of reasonable courses of action exists for many DoD investment decisions. Recommendations for the Office of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation to consider when evaluating the inflation and discounting policies that impact the long-term affordability of DoD programs include (1) revisiting O & M costs annually with a 5-year moving-average inflation, to reflect changing repair and other costs; (2) highlighting the role of supply chain surcharges in parts costs in cost estimates used to inform program financial analysis; (3) expanding analysis of investments to ensure consideration of least-cost outcomes
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 41-42)
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  • 29
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    Support for the 21st-century reserve force : insights to facilitate successful reintegration for citizen warriors and their families (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833081384 , 0833081993 , 0833081381 , 9780833081995
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxxii, 215 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series RR206
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Werber, Laura Support for the 21st-century reserve force
    Keywords: Families of military personnel Services for ; Veterans Services for ; Veteran reintegration ; Families of military personnel ; Veterans ; Veteran reintegration ; Veterans ; Services for ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Administration ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; United States ; Armed Forces ; Armed Forces ; Reserves ; Families of military personnel ; Services for ; Veteran reintegration ; United States National Guard ; United States National Guard ; Recruiting, enlistment, etc ; United States Armed Forces ; Reserves ; Recruiting, enlistment, etc ; United States Armed Forces ; Reserves ; United States ; United States ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Many studies have examined the impact of deployment on military families, but few have assessed either the challenges that guard and reserve families face following deployment or how they manage the reintegration phase of the deployment cycle. This report aims to facilitate the successful reintegration of guard and reserve personnel as they return to civilian life after deployment. Using surveys and interviews with guard and reserve families, along with interviews with resource providers, this report examines how these families fare after deployment, the challenges they confront during that time frame, and the strategies and resources they use to navigate the reintegration phase. Factors associated with reintegration success include the adequacy of communication between families and the service member's unit or Service and between service members and their families, initial readiness for deployment, family finances, and whether the service member returns with a psychological issue or physical injury. Successful reintegration from the families' perspective was related to measures of military readiness, such as the service members' plans to continue guard or reserve service. In addition, there is a wide-ranging and complex 'web of support' available to assist families with reintegration, including U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) programs, state and local government agencies, private nonprofit and for-profit resource providers, faith-based organizations, and informal resources (such as family, friends, and social networks). Opportunities for collaboration among providers abound. DoD does not have to 'do it all, ' but the report suggests steps it can take to ensure that reintegration proceeds as smoothly as possible
    Abstract: Many studies have examined the impact of deployment on military families, but few have assessed either the challenges that guard and reserve families face following deployment or how they manage the reintegration phase of the deployment cycle. This report aims to facilitate the successful reintegration of guard and reserve personnel as they return to civilian life after deployment. Using surveys and interviews with guard and reserve families, along with interviews with resource providers, this report examines how these families fare after deployment, the challenges they confront during that time frame, and the strategies and resources they use to navigate the reintegration phase. Factors associated with reintegration success include the adequacy of communication between families and the service member's unit or Service and between service members and their families, initial readiness for deployment, family finances, and whether the service member returns with a psychological issue or physical injury. Successful reintegration from the families' perspective was related to measures of military readiness, such as the service members' plans to continue guard or reserve service. In addition, there is a wide-ranging and complex 'web of support' available to assist families with reintegration, including U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) programs, state and local government agencies, private nonprofit and for-profit resource providers, faith-based organizations, and informal resources (such as family, friends, and social networks). Opportunities for collaboration among providers abound. DoD does not have to 'do it all, ' but the report suggests steps it can take to ensure that reintegration proceeds as smoothly as possible
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 30
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    Workforce planning in the intelligence community : a retrospective (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833080783 , 0833083279 , 0833080784 , 9780833083272
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 76 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation research report series RR-114-ODNI
    Keywords: United States Personnel management ; United States Personnel management ; United States ; United States ; Intelligence service Personnel management ; Intelligence service ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Security (National & International) ; Personnel management ; United States ; United States ; United States ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The U.S. intelligence community has a continuing and important role to play in providing the best intelligence and analytic insight possible to aid the nation's leaders in making decisions and taking action. Executing this role will require unprecedented collaboration and information sharing. The personnel throughout the intelligence agencies are essential to accomplishing these tasks. The intelligence community has made significant progress during the past decade in rebuilding its workforce and developing capabilities lost during the 1990s. As decisionmakers look ahead to a future most certainly defined by constrained budgets, it will be important to avoid repeating the post-Cold War drawdown experience and losing capability in a similar way because the consequences of such actions can be long lasting. This report chronicles intelligence community efforts over more than half a decade to improve community-wide workforce planning and management. It describes workforce planning tools that will help decisionmakers maintain a workforce capable of meeting the challenges that lie ahead, even as budgets decline. In addition, the community's collective efforts to take a more strategic approach to workforce planning point to a number of important considerations that serve as guideposts for the future: (1) rebuilding lost capability takes time, (2) resource flexibility is needed, (3) risk is an essential element in workforce planning, (4) systematic planning shores up requirements, and (5) the supply of military personnel is likely to decline. These lessons learned through an era of workforce rebuilding can inform resource decisions today and in the years to come
    Abstract: The U.S. intelligence community has a continuing and important role to play in providing the best intelligence and analytic insight possible to aid the nation's leaders in making decisions and taking action. Executing this role will require unprecedented collaboration and information sharing. The personnel throughout the intelligence agencies are essential to accomplishing these tasks. The intelligence community has made significant progress during the past decade in rebuilding its workforce and developing capabilities lost during the 1990s. As decisionmakers look ahead to a future most certainly defined by constrained budgets, it will be important to avoid repeating the post-Cold War drawdown experience and losing capability in a similar way because the consequences of such actions can be long lasting. This report chronicles intelligence community efforts over more than half a decade to improve community-wide workforce planning and management. It describes workforce planning tools that will help decisionmakers maintain a workforce capable of meeting the challenges that lie ahead, even as budgets decline. In addition, the community's collective efforts to take a more strategic approach to workforce planning point to a number of important considerations that serve as guideposts for the future: (1) rebuilding lost capability takes time, (2) resource flexibility is needed, (3) risk is an essential element in workforce planning, (4) systematic planning shores up requirements, and (5) the supply of military personnel is likely to decline. These lessons learned through an era of workforce rebuilding can inform resource decisions today and in the years to come
    Note: "Prepared for the Office of the Director of National Intelligence , "National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references (pages 73-76)
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  • 31
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    An Excel tool to assess acquisition program risk (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833084590 , 0833084593
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 pages)
    Keywords: United States Appropriations and expenditures ; United States Procurement ; Costs ; Evaluation ; United States ; United States ; Weapons systems Costs ; Forecasting ; Systems integration Risk assessment ; Electronic spreadsheets Computer programs ; Weapons systems ; Systems integration ; Electronic spreadsheets ; Electronic spreadsheets ; Computer programs ; Expenditures, Public ; United States ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; United States ; United States Armed Forces ; Weapons systems ; Costs ; Evaluation ; United States ; Electronic books
    Note: "RAND National Security Research Division , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 32
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    The RAND security cooperation prioritization and propensity matching tool (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833080981 , 0833084607 , 0833080989 , 9780833084606
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Paul, Christopher, 1971- RAND security cooperation prioritization and propensity matching tool
    Keywords: Security, International ; Decision making Data processing ; Military assistance, American Planning ; National security International cooperation ; Security, International ; Decision making ; Military assistance, American ; National security ; Security, International ; United States ; Law, Politics & Government ; International Relations ; Military policy ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Security (National & International) ; Decision making ; Data processing ; Diplomatic relations ; National security ; International cooperation ; United States Foreign relations 1989- ; United States Military policy ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Security cooperation is the umbrella term used to describe a wide range of programs and activities with such goals as building relationships between the United States and partner countries, developing these countries' security capabilities, and facilitating contingency and peacetime access by U.S. forces. With increased pressure on defense spending, the scope and budget for these activities are likely to decrease. Therefore, it will be important for the U.S. Department of Defense to scrutinize and, perhaps, reevaluate current and proposed security cooperation efforts, ensuring that expected benefits align with costs and corresponding policy priorities. Recent RAND research identified practices and contextual factors associated with greater or lesser degrees of success in security cooperation, using 29 historical case studies of U.S. efforts to build partner capacity since the end of the Cold War. The RAND Security Cooperation Prioritization and Propensity Matching Tool applies these findings and results from other existing research to all current and potential security cooperation partners. This customizable diagnostic tool, built in Microsoft Excel®, will help planners preliminarily identify mismatches between the importance of a country to U.S. interests, funding for initiatives, and the propensity for successful U.S. security cooperation with a given country. For each of the world's 195 countries, the tool produces an overall security cooperation propensity score. Planners can then compare these scores with available funding and security cooperation priorities. The tool has the virtues of being systematic, being based on global data, and not relying on subjective assessments. Strategic thinking and nuanced understanding of individual countries remain important, but the tool is useful in helping to identify which countries to scrutinize
    Abstract: Security cooperation is the umbrella term used to describe a wide range of programs and activities with such goals as building relationships between the United States and partner countries, developing these countries' security capabilities, and facilitating contingency and peacetime access by U.S. forces. With increased pressure on defense spending, the scope and budget for these activities are likely to decrease. Therefore, it will be important for the U.S. Department of Defense to scrutinize and, perhaps, reevaluate current and proposed security cooperation efforts, ensuring that expected benefits align with costs and corresponding policy priorities. Recent RAND research identified practices and contextual factors associated with greater or lesser degrees of success in security cooperation, using 29 historical case studies of U.S. efforts to build partner capacity since the end of the Cold War. The RAND Security Cooperation Prioritization and Propensity Matching Tool applies these findings and results from other existing research to all current and potential security cooperation partners. This customizable diagnostic tool, built in Microsoft Excel®, will help planners preliminarily identify mismatches between the importance of a country to U.S. interests, funding for initiatives, and the propensity for successful U.S. security cooperation with a given country. For each of the world's 195 countries, the tool produces an overall security cooperation propensity score. Planners can then compare these scores with available funding and security cooperation priorities. The tool has the virtues of being systematic, being based on global data, and not relying on subjective assessments. Strategic thinking and nuanced understanding of individual countries remain important, but the tool is useful in helping to identify which countries to scrutinize
    Note: "RAND National Defense Research Institute , "This research was ... conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references (pages 51-57)
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  • 33
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    Development and pilot test of the RAND Suicide Prevention Program evaluation toolkit (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833085207 , 0833085204
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 pages)
    Keywords: RAND Suicide Prevention Program ; RAND Suicide Prevention Program ; Suicidal behavior Treatment ; Suicide Prevention ; Evaluation ; Suicidal behavior ; Suicide ; United States ; Suicidal behavior ; Treatment ; PSYCHOLOGY ; Suicide ; Electronic books
    Note: "RAND National Defense Research Institute
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  • 34
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    Venture capital and strategic investment for developing government mission capabilities (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833082138 , 0833086030 , 0833082132 , 9780833086037
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 81 pages)
    Parallel Title: Online version Webb, Timothy, 1936- Venture capital and strategic investment for developing government mission capabilities
    Parallel Title: Print version Webb, Timothy, 1936- Venture capital and strategic investment for developing government mission capabilities
    Keywords: Technology and state ; Venture capital Government policy ; Incentives in industry Government policy ; Technological innovations Government policy ; Technology and state ; Venture capital ; Incentives in industry ; Technological innovations ; United States ; Technological innovations ; Government policy ; Technology and state ; Venture capital ; Government policy ; Business & Economics ; Economic History ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Econometrics ; Incentives in industry ; Government policy ; Electronic books
    Abstract: A wide range of military capability improvement efforts have benefited from development and procurement methods that accommodate urgent operational needs. Changes in the threat environment suggest a need for a fresh examination of the adequacy and suitability of acquisition methods for the coming decade. This report examines one class of acquisition method, known as government venture capital (GVC), or government strategic investment (GSI). The research extracts general observations from previous cases and from a partial economic model of the GSI type of initiative. Taken together, these analyses will help government acquisition managers to judge more thoroughly the suitability of strategic investment methods for motivating future government mission-oriented innovation by private firms. The report does not explicitly compare GSIs and alternatives for their efficacy in advancing government mission objectives. If it had, it is likely that the main advantage of GSI would be improved access to information about alternative approaches available in the commercial market, resulting from the close relationships the GSI structure engenders between government and business
    Abstract: A wide range of military capability improvement efforts have benefited from development and procurement methods that accommodate urgent operational needs. Changes in the threat environment suggest a need for a fresh examination of the adequacy and suitability of acquisition methods for the coming decade. This report examines one class of acquisition method, known as government venture capital (GVC), or government strategic investment (GSI). The research extracts general observations from previous cases and from a partial economic model of the GSI type of initiative. Taken together, these analyses will help government acquisition managers to judge more thoroughly the suitability of strategic investment methods for motivating future government mission-oriented innovation by private firms. The report does not explicitly compare GSIs and alternatives for their efficacy in advancing government mission objectives. If it had, it is likely that the main advantage of GSI would be improved access to information about alternative approaches available in the commercial market, resulting from the close relationships the GSI structure engenders between government and business
    Note: "RAND National Defense Research Institute , "This research was ... conducted within the Acquisition and Technology Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references (pages 79-81)
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  • 35
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    Using behavioral indicators to help detect potential violent acts : a review of the science base (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833080929 , 0833083368 , 083308092X , 9780833083364
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xliii, 258 pages)
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Keywords: Violence Forecasting ; Criminal behavior Research ; Methodology ; Terrorists Psychology ; Terrorists Social conditions ; Criminal behavior, Prediction of ; Terrorism Prevention ; Violence ; Criminal behavior ; Terrorists ; Terrorists ; Criminal behavior, Prediction of ; Terrorism ; Behavioral Research ; Behavioral Sciences ; Crime ; Criminology ; Disciplines and Occupations ; Natural Science Disciplines ; Psychiatry and Psychology ; Research ; Science ; Social Problems ; Social Sciences ; Sociology ; Terrorism ; Violence ; Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena ; Behavioral Disciplines and Activities ; Criminal behavior, Prediction of ; Social Welfare & Social Work ; Social Sciences ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Criminology ; Criminology, Penology & Juvenile Delinquency ; Terrorists ; Psychology ; Criminal behavior ; Research ; Methodology ; Terrorism ; Prevention ; Violence ; Forecasting ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Government organizations have put substantial effort into detecting and thwarting terrorist and insurgent attacks by observing suspicious behaviors of individuals at transportation checkpoints and elsewhere. This report reviews the scientific literature relating to observable, individual-level behavioral indicators that might-along with other information-help detect potential violent attacks. The report focuses on new or nontraditional technologies and methods, most of which exploit (1) data on communication patterns, (2) "pattern-of-life" data, and/or (3) data relating to body movement and physiological state. To help officials set priorities for special attention and investment, the report proposes an analytic framework for discussion and evaluation; it also urges investment in cost-effectiveness analysis and more vigorous, routine, and sustained efforts to measure real-world effectiveness of methods. One cross-cutting conclusion is that methods for behavioral observation are typically not reliable enough to stand alone; success in detection will depend on information fusion across types of behaviors and time. How to accomplish such fusion is understudied. Finally, because many aspects of using behavioral observations are highly controversial, both scientifically and because of privacy and civil-liberties concerns, the report sharpens the underlying perspectives and suggests ways to resolve some of the controversy while significantly mitigating problems that definitely exist
    Abstract: Government organizations have put substantial effort into detecting and thwarting terrorist and insurgent attacks by observing suspicious behaviors of individuals at transportation checkpoints and elsewhere. This report reviews the scientific literature relating to observable, individual-level behavioral indicators that might-along with other information-help detect potential violent attacks. The report focuses on new or nontraditional technologies and methods, most of which exploit (1) data on communication patterns, (2) "pattern-of-life" data, and/or (3) data relating to body movement and physiological state. To help officials set priorities for special attention and investment, the report proposes an analytic framework for discussion and evaluation; it also urges investment in cost-effectiveness analysis and more vigorous, routine, and sustained efforts to measure real-world effectiveness of methods. One cross-cutting conclusion is that methods for behavioral observation are typically not reliable enough to stand alone; success in detection will depend on information fusion across types of behaviors and time. How to accomplish such fusion is understudied. Finally, because many aspects of using behavioral observations are highly controversial, both scientifically and because of privacy and civil-liberties concerns, the report sharpens the underlying perspectives and suggests ways to resolve some of the controversy while significantly mitigating problems that definitely exist
    Note: "RAND National Security Research Division , "The research was conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Title page verso , Includes bibliographical references (pages 225-258)
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  • 36
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    Analyses of the Department of Defense acquisition workforce : update to methods and results through FY 2011 (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833080585 , 0833083260 , 083308058X , 9780833083265
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xx, 73 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation research report series RR-110-OSD
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Gates, Susan M., 1968- Analyses of the Department of Defense acquisition workforce
    Keywords: United States Procurement ; United States Personnel management ; United States ; United States ; Civil service ; Civil service ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Administration ; United States ; COMPUTERS ; Data Modeling & Design ; Armed Forces ; Procurement ; Civil service ; Personnel management ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The organic defense acquisition workforce consists of military personnel and Department of Defense civilian personnel who provide the management, technical, and business capabilities needed to oversee defense acquisition programs from start to finish. This workforce must itself be managed so that the right numbers of the right personnel are in the right positions at the right time. Since 2006, RAND has been helping develop data-based tools to support analysis of this workforce. This volume updates a 2008 report by documenting revisions to methods, providing descriptive information on the workforce through fiscal year 2011, and providing a user's manual for a model that can help managers project workforce needs through 2021 under different assumptions about the future. The report illustrates the use of the model
    Abstract: The organic defense acquisition workforce consists of military personnel and Department of Defense civilian personnel who provide the management, technical, and business capabilities needed to oversee defense acquisition programs from start to finish. This workforce must itself be managed so that the right numbers of the right personnel are in the right positions at the right time. Since 2006, RAND has been helping develop data-based tools to support analysis of this workforce. This volume updates a 2008 report by documenting revisions to methods, providing descriptive information on the workforce through fiscal year 2011, and providing a user's manual for a model that can help managers project workforce needs through 2021 under different assumptions about the future. The report illustrates the use of the model
    Note: "National Defense Research Institute , "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , Includes bibliographical references (pages 71-73)
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  • 37
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    Iran after the bomb : how would a nuclear-armed Tehran behave? (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833080707 , 0833080709
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 40 pages)
    Series Statement: Research reports
    Keywords: Nuclear weapons Forecasting ; Nuclear weapons Government policy ; Forecasting ; Nuclear weapons ; Nuclear weapons ; HISTORY ; Military ; Other ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; HISTORY ; Middle East ; General ; Nuclear weapons ; Forecasting ; Politics and government ; Forecasting ; Iran ; Iran Politics and government ; Forecasting ; Iran Foreign relations ; Forecasting ; Iran ; Iran ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report explores how a nuclear-armed Iran would behave, if it would act aggressively, and what this would entail for the United States and its main regional allies, including the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and Israel. The Islamic Republic seeks to undermine what it perceives to be the American-dominated order in the Middle East and to deter a U.S. and/or Israeli military attack, but it does not have territorial ambitions and does not seek to invade, conquer, or occupy other nations. Nuclear arms are unlikely to change its fundamental interests and strategies. Rather, they would probably reinforce Iran's traditional national security objectives. The ideological beliefs of the Iranian political elite will not shape the country's nuclear decisionmaking. The regional geopolitical environment and Iran's political, military, and economic capabilities will have a greater bearing on Iranian calculations. It is very unlikely that Iran would use nuclear weapons against another Muslim state or against Israel, given the latter's overwhelming conventional and nuclear military superiority. Further, the Iranian government does not use terrorism for ideological reasons. Instead, Iran's support for terrorism is motivated by cost and benefit calculations, with the aims of maintaining deterrence and preserving or expanding its influence in the Middle East. An inadvertent or accidental nuclear exchange between Israel and Iran is a dangerous possibility, but there is not much evidence to suggest that rogue elements could have easy access to Iranian nuclear weapons
    Abstract: This report explores how a nuclear-armed Iran would behave, if it would act aggressively, and what this would entail for the United States and its main regional allies, including the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and Israel. The Islamic Republic seeks to undermine what it perceives to be the American-dominated order in the Middle East and to deter a U.S. and/or Israeli military attack, but it does not have territorial ambitions and does not seek to invade, conquer, or occupy other nations. Nuclear arms are unlikely to change its fundamental interests and strategies. Rather, they would probably reinforce Iran's traditional national security objectives. The ideological beliefs of the Iranian political elite will not shape the country's nuclear decisionmaking. The regional geopolitical environment and Iran's political, military, and economic capabilities will have a greater bearing on Iranian calculations. It is very unlikely that Iran would use nuclear weapons against another Muslim state or against Israel, given the latter's overwhelming conventional and nuclear military superiority. Further, the Iranian government does not use terrorism for ideological reasons. Instead, Iran's support for terrorism is motivated by cost and benefit calculations, with the aims of maintaining deterrence and preserving or expanding its influence in the Middle East. An inadvertent or accidental nuclear exchange between Israel and Iran is a dangerous possibility, but there is not much evidence to suggest that rogue elements could have easy access to Iranian nuclear weapons
    Note: "National Security Research Division , Includes bibliographical references (pages 35-40)
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  • 38
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    Review of security cooperation mechanisms combatant commands utilize to build partner capacity (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833082107 , 0833084658 , 0833082108 , 9780833084651
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxix, 196 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation research report series RR-413-OSD
    Keywords: Nation-building Evaluation ; National security International cooperation ; Evaluation ; Nation-building ; National security ; Law, Politics & Government ; International Relations ; United States ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Political Freedom ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Security cooperation has long been an important instrument of the U.S. government and the Department of Defense for advancing national security objectives vis-à-vis allies and partner countries, including building critical relationships, securing peacetime and contingency access, and building partner capacity (BPC). One of the key challenges for policymakers and combatant commands is gaining a more complete understanding of the real value of BPC activities. Assessments of prior and ongoing BPC activities, in particular, have become increasingly important given the current fiscal climate and budgetary limitations. But it is no easy task to assess the value of what are essentially qualitative activities, and data limitations severely hinder assessments. The tools available -- such as resources, authorities, programs, processes, and organizational relationships -- may or may not be the optimal ones for the delivery of BPC activities to partner countries. This report characterizes security cooperation mechanisms used by combatant commands for BPC, produces a detailed database of the mechanism elements, develops and applies a preliminary means of evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of select mechanisms, and draws on the analysis from the case studies to recommend ways to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of those mechanisms in the future
    Abstract: Security cooperation has long been an important instrument of the U.S. government and the Department of Defense for advancing national security objectives vis-à-vis allies and partner countries, including building critical relationships, securing peacetime and contingency access, and building partner capacity (BPC). One of the key challenges for policymakers and combatant commands is gaining a more complete understanding of the real value of BPC activities. Assessments of prior and ongoing BPC activities, in particular, have become increasingly important given the current fiscal climate and budgetary limitations. But it is no easy task to assess the value of what are essentially qualitative activities, and data limitations severely hinder assessments. The tools available -- such as resources, authorities, programs, processes, and organizational relationships -- may or may not be the optimal ones for the delivery of BPC activities to partner countries. This report characterizes security cooperation mechanisms used by combatant commands for BPC, produces a detailed database of the mechanism elements, develops and applies a preliminary means of evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of select mechanisms, and draws on the analysis from the case studies to recommend ways to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of those mechanisms in the future
    Note: "National Defense Research Institute , "Prepared for the Joint Staff and OSD/CAPE , Includes bibliographical references (pages 193-196)
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  • 39
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    Increasing flexibility and agility at the National Reconnaissance Office : lessons from modular design, occupational surprise, and commercial research and development processes (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833081025 , 0833082035 , 0833081020 , 9780833082039
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvi, 71 pages)
    Keywords: United States ; United States ; Organizational change Management ; Corporate culture ; Strategic planning ; Organizational change ; Corporate culture ; Strategic planning ; Military Administration ; Corporate culture ; Organizational change ; Management ; Strategic planning ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Strategic Planning ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: To help the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) become more flexible and agile in an increasingly uncertain world, RAND sought answers to two key questions. First, would the NRO benefit from building modular satellites? RAND researchers developed a method for evaluating whether a system is a good candidate for modularity and applied it to systems both inside and outside the NRO. The authors found that NRO space systems do not appear to be strong candidates for modularization. Second, what lessons might be drawn from how chief executive officers, military personnel, and health care professionals (among others) respond to surprise? RAND developed a framework to categorize professionals' responses to surprise and then conducted discussions with representatives from 13 different professions, including former ambassadors, chief executive officers, military personnel, and physicians. The authors observed that all interviewees used common coping strategies. The authors also found some differences in response to surprise that depend on two factors: time available to respond and the level of chaos in the environment. The report concludes with recommendations on actions that the NRO can take to improve the flexibility of its hardware and the workforce
    Abstract: To help the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) become more flexible and agile in an increasingly uncertain world, RAND sought answers to two key questions. First, would the NRO benefit from building modular satellites? RAND researchers developed a method for evaluating whether a system is a good candidate for modularity and applied it to systems both inside and outside the NRO. The authors found that NRO space systems do not appear to be strong candidates for modularization. Second, what lessons might be drawn from how chief executive officers, military personnel, and health care professionals (among others) respond to surprise? RAND developed a framework to categorize professionals' responses to surprise and then conducted discussions with representatives from 13 different professions, including former ambassadors, chief executive officers, military personnel, and physicians. The authors observed that all interviewees used common coping strategies. The authors also found some differences in response to surprise that depend on two factors: time available to respond and the level of chaos in the environment. The report concludes with recommendations on actions that the NRO can take to improve the flexibility of its hardware and the workforce
    Note: "This research was conducted within the Intelligence Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Division (NSRD)"--Preface , "RAND National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-71)
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  • 40
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    First steps toward improving DoD STEM workforce diversity : response to the 2012 Department of Defense STEM Diversity Summit (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833081018 , 0833084763 , 0833081012 , 9780833084767
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxvi, 110 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation research report series RR-329-OSD
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lim, Nelson First steps toward improving DoD STEM workforce diversity
    Keywords: United States Personnel management ; United States ; Diversity in the workplace ; Diversity in the workplace ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Administration ; United States ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Technical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades ; United States ; Diversity in the workplace ; Personnel management ; Electronic books
    Abstract: In FY 2011-2012, leaders from the Executive Branch and the Department of Defense (DoD) offered directives and guidance intended to increase diversity across all federal agencies. In response, the DoD Research and Engineering Enterprise and DoD's Office of Diversity Management and Equal Opportunity held a two-day summit in November 2012 on improving diversity within the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce. This report supports the efforts of the DoD STEM Diversity Summit by providing suggestions for future research, analysis, and action. The authors describe policies that discuss the federal government's values and priorities regarding diversity in the federal workforce; offer a closer look at current STEM demographics, including those of the DoD's STEM workforce; discuss current STEM-diversity outreach programs, highlighting the types of data that should be collected in the future; and offer recommendations for DoD leaders to consider as they move forward with their efforts to diversify the STEM workforce
    Abstract: In FY 2011-2012, leaders from the Executive Branch and the Department of Defense (DoD) offered directives and guidance intended to increase diversity across all federal agencies. In response, the DoD Research and Engineering Enterprise and DoD's Office of Diversity Management and Equal Opportunity held a two-day summit in November 2012 on improving diversity within the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce. This report supports the efforts of the DoD STEM Diversity Summit by providing suggestions for future research, analysis, and action. The authors describe policies that discuss the federal government's values and priorities regarding diversity in the federal workforce; offer a closer look at current STEM demographics, including those of the DoD's STEM workforce; discuss current STEM-diversity outreach programs, highlighting the types of data that should be collected in the future; and offer recommendations for DoD leaders to consider as they move forward with their efforts to diversify the STEM workforce
    Note: "National Defense Research Institute , "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , Includes bibliographical references (pages 107-110)
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  • 41
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    Critical materials : present danger to U.S. manufacturing (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833079251 , 0833079271 , 0833078836 , 0833079263 , 0833079255 , 9780833079268 , 9780833078834 , 9780833079275
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xix, 46 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Silberglitt, R.S. (Richard S.) Critical materials
    Keywords: Manufacturing industries ; Raw materials ; Strategic materials ; Manufacturing industries ; Raw materials ; Strategic materials ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; Trade & Tariffs ; Manufacturing industries ; Raw materials ; Strategic materials ; Business & Economics ; Economic History ; United States ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Real Estate ; General ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "The United States economy, and especially its manufacturing sector, is dependent on the supply of raw and semi-finished materials used to make products. While the United States has extensive mineral resources and is a leading global materials producer, a high percentage of many materials critical to U.S. manufacturing are imported, sometimes from a country that has the dominant share of a material's global production and export. This report specifically identifies 14 critical materials for which production is concentrated in countries with weak governance, as indicated by the World Governance Indicators published by the World Bank. China is the controlling producer of 11 of these critical raw materials, nine of which have been identified as having high economic importance and high supply risk. As its market share and domestic consumption of critical materials has grown, China has instituted production controls, export restrictions, mine closings, and company consolidations that have led to two-tier pricing, which creates pressure to move manufacturing to China and contributes to strong price increases for these materials on the world market. To mitigate the impact of these market distortions on the global manufacturing sector, this report suggests the need for actions that (1) increase resiliency to supply disruptions or market distortions and (2) provide early warning of developing problems concerning the concentration of production."--Page 4 of cover
    Abstract: "The United States economy, and especially its manufacturing sector, is dependent on the supply of raw and semi-finished materials used to make products. While the United States has extensive mineral resources and is a leading global materials producer, a high percentage of many materials critical to U.S. manufacturing are imported, sometimes from a country that has the dominant share of a material's global production and export. This report specifically identifies 14 critical materials for which production is concentrated in countries with weak governance, as indicated by the World Governance Indicators published by the World Bank. China is the controlling producer of 11 of these critical raw materials, nine of which have been identified as having high economic importance and high supply risk. As its market share and domestic consumption of critical materials has grown, China has instituted production controls, export restrictions, mine closings, and company consolidations that have led to two-tier pricing, which creates pressure to move manufacturing to China and contributes to strong price increases for these materials on the world market. To mitigate the impact of these market distortions on the global manufacturing sector, this report suggests the need for actions that (1) increase resiliency to supply disruptions or market distortions and (2) provide early warning of developing problems concerning the concentration of production."--Page 4 of cover
    Note: "RAND National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references (pages 43-46)
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  • 42
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    National Intelligence University's role in interagency research : recommendations from the intelligence community (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833080516 , 0833082027 , 0833080512 , 9780833082022
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxii, 53 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series RR243
    Keywords: National Intelligence University (U.S.) Research ; National Intelligence University (U.S.) ; Interagency coordination ; Intelligence service ; Interagency coordination ; Intelligence service ; Government - General ; Law, Politics & Government ; Political Institutions & Public Administration - General ; United States ; EDUCATION ; Higher ; Intelligence service ; Interagency coordination ; Research ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The Center for Strategic Intelligence Research (CSIR) of the National Intelligence University (NIU) is responsible for supporting faculty and student research efforts and coordinating NIU research activities with the Intelligence Community (IC). A challenge to these coordination efforts lies in the fact that research being conducted regularly in the IC exists, for the most part, in small pockets scattered throughout a number of different IC agencies. To better identify collaborative research opportunities, topics, and processes, CSIR asked RAND to conduct a study that would capture information about these research entities, their responsibilities, and their willingness to support interagency research with NIU. The study team conducted semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of representatives of research entities in the IC. The interviews discussed interagency research and collaboration with NIU. We found that the majority of these research entities are small (less than ten full-time staff), face the competing responsibilities of short-term analytic responses and longer-term analysis and research, and are interested in research plans aligned with national priorities. The research entities are willing to support NIU, but expect NIU to take the lead in facilitating research collaboration
    Abstract: The Center for Strategic Intelligence Research (CSIR) of the National Intelligence University (NIU) is responsible for supporting faculty and student research efforts and coordinating NIU research activities with the Intelligence Community (IC). A challenge to these coordination efforts lies in the fact that research being conducted regularly in the IC exists, for the most part, in small pockets scattered throughout a number of different IC agencies. To better identify collaborative research opportunities, topics, and processes, CSIR asked RAND to conduct a study that would capture information about these research entities, their responsibilities, and their willingness to support interagency research with NIU. The study team conducted semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of representatives of research entities in the IC. The interviews discussed interagency research and collaboration with NIU. We found that the majority of these research entities are small (less than ten full-time staff), face the competing responsibilities of short-term analytic responses and longer-term analysis and research, and are interested in research plans aligned with national priorities. The research entities are willing to support NIU, but expect NIU to take the lead in facilitating research collaboration
    Note: "This research was sponsored by NIU and conducted within the Intelligence Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , "RAND National Security Research Division , Includes bibliographical references (pages 51-53)
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  • 43
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    Understanding the cost and quality of military-related education benefit programs (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833084798 , 0833084798
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 25 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation research report series RR-297-OSD
    Keywords: United States ; United States ; United States ; United States ; Military education Costs ; Veterans Education ; Costs ; Military education ; Veterans ; HISTORY ; Military ; Veterans ; Military education ; Costs ; United States ; Montgomery G.I. Bill (United States) ; Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 (United States) ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Since the 1944 passage of the original GI Bill following World War II, the military has provided veterans with a collection of financial aid benefits designed to help them attend college. While research has shown that these programs have helped many veterans acquire a college education, less is known about the impact of more recent educational benefits for veterans. This is especially true of the Post-9/11 GI Bill, which, in conjunction with a number of other assistance programs, has afforded veterans new educational opportunities. The Post-9/11 GI Bill offers tuition subsidies paid directly to institutions, a housing allowance tied to cost of living, and a book stipend, which in combination are usually more generous than preceding GI Bills. However, issues such as rising tuition costs; an increasing presence of low-quality, for-profit institutions that target veterans; and a potentially confusing array of benefit options could mitigate the impact of these programs on the recruitment, retention, and human capital development of service members. This report contextualizes these issues and formulates a research agenda to address them
    Abstract: Since the 1944 passage of the original GI Bill following World War II, the military has provided veterans with a collection of financial aid benefits designed to help them attend college. While research has shown that these programs have helped many veterans acquire a college education, less is known about the impact of more recent educational benefits for veterans. This is especially true of the Post-9/11 GI Bill, which, in conjunction with a number of other assistance programs, has afforded veterans new educational opportunities. The Post-9/11 GI Bill offers tuition subsidies paid directly to institutions, a housing allowance tied to cost of living, and a book stipend, which in combination are usually more generous than preceding GI Bills. However, issues such as rising tuition costs; an increasing presence of low-quality, for-profit institutions that target veterans; and a potentially confusing array of benefit options could mitigate the impact of these programs on the recruitment, retention, and human capital development of service members. This report contextualizes these issues and formulates a research agenda to address them
    Note: "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , "National Security Research Division , Includes bibliographical references (pages 23-25) , Report number from resource home page
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  • 44
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    Supporting employers in the reserve operational forces era : appendixes (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833083708 , 0833083708
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (145 pages)
    DDC: 344.7301/25763
    Keywords: United States ; United States ; Soldiers Employment ; Employee retention ; Soldiers ; Employee retention ; Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 (United States) ; Employee retention ; Soldiers ; Employment ; United States ; United States National Guard ; Employment ; United States Armed Forces ; Reserves ; Employment ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve (ESGR), a U.S. Department of Defense office (DoD), asked the RAND Corporation to study the implications that using the Reserve Components (RCs) as an operational force can have for employers in view of employment rights protections for RC members. Specifically, ESGR wanted to know whether changes are needed to the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA), 1994 legislation designed to prevent hiring discrimination and bolster job protection for members of the armed forces, including those of the RCs; ESGR support programs; or RC activation and deployment policies, given the increased mobilization of the National Guard and Reserve and the continuing need to balance the rights, duties, and obligations of employers, RC members, and RC members⁰́₉ families. The study involved the review and analysis of existing research and data related to USERRA and the effects on employers of employee absences more generally, an analysis of the 2011 DoD National Survey of Employers, focus groups with employers conducted in 2012, interviews with RC chiefs conducted in 2011, and a legal and legislative history review of USERRA. This report describes key findings from the analysis
    Abstract: Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve (ESGR), a U.S. Department of Defense office (DoD), asked the RAND Corporation to study the implications that using the Reserve Components (RCs) as an operational force can have for employers in view of employment rights protections for RC members. Specifically, ESGR wanted to know whether changes are needed to the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA), 1994 legislation designed to prevent hiring discrimination and bolster job protection for members of the armed forces, including those of the RCs; ESGR support programs; or RC activation and deployment policies, given the increased mobilization of the National Guard and Reserve and the continuing need to balance the rights, duties, and obligations of employers, RC members, and RC members⁰́₉ families. The study involved the review and analysis of existing research and data related to USERRA and the effects on employers of employee absences more generally, an analysis of the 2011 DoD National Survey of Employers, focus groups with employers conducted in 2012, interviews with RC chiefs conducted in 2011, and a legal and legislative history review of USERRA. This report describes key findings from the analysis
    Note: "RAND National Security Research Division , "The research was conducted within the Forces and Resources Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Page [ii] , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen (viewed August 23, 2013)
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  • 45
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    Democratization in the Arab world : a summary of lessons from around the globe (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833083807 , 0833083805
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (iv, 42 pages)
    Keywords: Democratization ; Democracy ; Democratization ; Democracy ; Democratization ; Politics and government ; HISTORY ; Middle East ; General ; Arab countries ; Democracy ; Arab countries Politics and government ; Arab countries ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The hopes and drama of the Arab Spring captured the world's attention early in 2011. As events unfolded during that year and the next, and into 2013, it quickly became clear that daunting challenges lay ahead for postrevolutionary Arab countries. This publication is an updated version of the summary section of "Democratization in the Arab World". It is largely the same as the summary published in 2012, but has been modified somewhat to reflect recent events and to be suitable for publication as a stand-alone document
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 46
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    Overcoming obstacles to peace : local factors in nation-building (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833078612 , 0833078615 , 9780833078629 , 0833078631 , 0833078623 , 0833078607 , 9780833078605 , 9780833078636
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xliii, 304 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation monograph series
    Parallel Title: Print version Dobbins, James, 1942- Overcoming obstacles to peace
    Keywords: Nation-building Case studies ; Peace-building ; Democratization ; Nation-building ; Nation-building ; Peace-building ; Democratization ; Nation-building ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Peace ; HISTORY ; Asia ; Southeast Asia ; Democratization ; Nation-building ; Peace-building ; Befriedung ; Demokratisierung ; Friedenskonsolidierung ; Nationenbildung ; Case studies ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "This volume analyzes the impediments that local conditions pose to successful outcomes of nation-building interventions in conflict-affected areas. Previous RAND studies of nation-building focused on external interveners' activities. This volume shifts the focus to internal circumstances, first identifying the conditions that gave rise to conflicts or threatened to perpetuate them, and then determining how external and local actors were able to modify or work around them to promote enduring peace. It examines in depth six varied societies: Cambodia, El Salvador, Bosnia and Herzegovina, East Timor, Sierra Leone, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It then analyzes a larger set of 20 major post-Cold War nation-building interventions. The authors assess the risk of renewed conflict at the onset of the interventions and subsequent progress along five dimensions: security, democratization, government effectiveness, economic growth, and human development. They find that transformation of many of the specific conditions that gave rise to or fueled conflict often is not feasible in the time frame of nation-building operations but that such transformation has not proven essential to achieving the primary goal of nation-building -- establishing peace. Most interventions in the past 25 years have led to enduring peace, as well as some degree of improvement in the other dimensions assessed. The findings suggest the importance of setting realistic expectations -- neither expecting nation-building operations to quickly lift countries out of poverty and create liberal democracies, nor being swayed by a negative stereotype of nation-building that does not recognize its signal achievements in the great majority of cases."--Page 4 of cover
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Figures -- Tables -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Which Local Factors Pose Challenges to Nation-Building? -- Factors That Raise the Risk of Conflict Renewal -- Civil War Onset -- Civil War Recurrence -- How Great Is the Risk of Recurrence? -- Structure of the Case Studies -- Tailoring Nation-Building to Local Factors -- Chapter 3. Cambodia -- Local Factors Before the Peace -- Geographical and Geopolitical -- Cultural and Social -- Economic -- Political -- Institutional -- Nation-Building Efforts -- Geographical and Geopolitical -- Cultural and Social -- Economic -- Political -- Institutional -- Outcomes -- Local Attitudes -- Geographical and Geopolitical -- Cultural and Social -- Economic -- Political -- Institutional -- Conclusions -- What Local Factors Posed the Greatest Challenges? -- Were Local Factors Modified or Circumvented to Promote Enduring Peace? -- Chapter 4. El Salvador -- Local Factors Before the Peace -- Geographical and Geopolitical -- Cultural and Social -- Economic -- Political -- Institutional -- Nation-Building Efforts -- Geographical and Geopolitical -- Cultural and Social -- Economic -- Political -- Institutional -- Outcomes -- Local Attitudes -- Geographical and Geopolitical -- Cultural and Social -- Economic -- Political -- Institutional -- Conclusions -- What Local Factors Posed the Greatest Challenges? -- Were Local Factors Modified or Circumvented to Promote Enduring Peace? -- Chapter 5. Bosnia and Herzegovina -- Local Factors Before the Peace -- Geographical and Geopolitical -- Cultural and Social -- Economic -- Political -- Institutional -- Nation-Building Efforts -- Geographical and Geopolitical -- Cultural and Social -- Economic -- Political -- Institutional -- Outcomes -- Local Attitudes -- Geographical and Geopolitical -- Cultural and Social -- Economic -- Political -- Institutional -- Conclusions -- What Local Factors Posed the Greatest Challenges? -- Were Local Factors Modified or Circumvented to Promote Enduring Peace? -- Chapter 6. East Timor -- Local Factors Before the Peace -- Geographical and Geopolitical -- Cultural and Social -- Economic -- Political -- Institutional -- Nation-Building Efforts -- Geographical and Geopolitical -- Cultural and Social -- Economic -- Political -- Institutional -- Outcomes -- Local Attitudes -- Geographical and Geopolitical -- Cultural and Social -- Economic -- Political -- Institutional -- Conclusions -- What Local Factors Posed the Greatest Challenges? -- Were Local Factors Modified or Circumvented to Promote Enduring Peace? -- Chapter 7. Local Factors Before the Peace -- Geographical and Geopolitical -- Cultural and Social -- Economic -- Political -- Institutional -- Nation-Building Efforts -- Geographical and Geopolitical -- Cultural and Social -- Economic -- Political -- Institutional -- Outcomes -- Local Attitudes -- Geographical and Geopolitical -- Cultural and Social -- Economic -- Political -- Institutional -- Conclusions -- What Local Factors Posed the Greatest Challenges? -- Were Local Factors Modified or Circumvented to Promote Enduring Peace? -- Chapter 8. Democratic Republic of the Congo -- Local Factors Before the Peace -- Geographical and Geopolitical -- Cultural and Social -- Economic -- Political -- Institutional -- Nation-Building Efforts -- Geographical and Geopolitical -- Cultural and Social -- Economic -- Political -- Institutional -- Outcomes -- Local Attitudes -- Geographical and Geopolitical -- Cultural and Social -- Economic -- Political -- Institutional -- Conclusions -- What Local Factors Posed the Greatest Challenges? -- Were Local Factors Modified or Circumvented to Promote Enduring Peace? -- Chapter 9. Estimating the Challenges and Comparing with Outcomes -- Sustaining Peace -- Promoting Democracy -- Improving Governance -- Achieving Economic Growth -- Advancing Human Development -- Summing Up -- Chapter 10. Conclusions -- The Transformational Limits of Nation-Building -- Factors Crucial to Establishing Enduring Peace -- Geopolitics -- Patronage Networks -- The Impact of Geopolitics and Patronage Networks in 20 Cases -- Dissimilar Societies, Similar Instruments -- Establishing Realistic Expectations -- Appendixes. A. Performance Indicators and Nation-Building Inputs for 20 Major Post-Cold War Nation-Building Interventions -- B. Economic Growth Statistics for Nation-Building Interventions in Comparative Perspective -- References.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 47
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    Fixing leaks : assessing the Department of Defense's approach to preventing and deterring unauthorized disclosures (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833081803 , 0833083457 , 0833081802 , 9780833083456
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxi, 53 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation research report series
    Keywords: United States Information resources management ; United States ; Leaks (Disclosure of information) Prevention ; Security classification (Government documents) Management ; Leaks (Disclosure of information) ; Security classification (Government documents) ; Information resources management ; United States ; United States ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Security (National & International) ; Electronic books
    Abstract: In 2012, the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence established the Unauthorized Disclosures Program Implementation Team to prevent and deter the unauthorized disclosures of classified information by all Department of Defense personnel through the implementation of the UD Strategic Plan. RAND was asked to help monitor and assess the potential for effectiveness of this new initiative. Researchers determined that the UD PIT's implementation of the UD Strategic Plan has made important and discernible progress toward its main objectives, but the advances are partial, fragile, and may be impermanent, facing strategic and tactical obstacles. RAND offered 22 recommendations, including ways to sustain and expand the effort, a continued emphasis on top-down support, establishing metrics, improving accountability, and prioritizing responses
    Abstract: In 2012, the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence established the Unauthorized Disclosures Program Implementation Team to prevent and deter the unauthorized disclosures of classified information by all Department of Defense personnel through the implementation of the UD Strategic Plan. RAND was asked to help monitor and assess the potential for effectiveness of this new initiative. Researchers determined that the UD PIT's implementation of the UD Strategic Plan has made important and discernible progress toward its main objectives, but the advances are partial, fragile, and may be impermanent, facing strategic and tactical obstacles. RAND offered 22 recommendations, including ways to sustain and expand the effort, a continued emphasis on top-down support, establishing metrics, improving accountability, and prioritizing responses
    Note: "National Defense Research Institute , "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , Includes bibliographical references (pages 49-53)
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  • 48
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    Supporting employers in the reserve operational forces era : are changes needed to reservists' employment rights legislation, policies, or programs? (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : Rand Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833080912 , 0833081977 , 0833080911 , 9780833081971
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxvi, 94 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation research report series RR-152-OSD
    Keywords: United States ; United States ; Leave of absence Law and legislation ; Veterans Employment ; Law and legislation ; Leave of absence ; Veterans ; Veterans ; Employment ; Law and legislation ; Law - U.S ; Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 (United States) ; Law, Politics & Government ; Law - U.S. - General ; LAW ; Labor & Employment ; Leave of absence ; Law and legislation ; United States ; United States Armed Forces ; Reserves ; Legal status, laws, etc ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve (ESGR), a U.S. Department of Defense office (DoD), asked the RAND Corporation to study the implications that using the Reserve Components (RCs) as an operational force can have for employers in view of employment rights protections for RC members. Specifically, ESGR wanted to know whether changes are needed to the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA), 1994 legislation designed to prevent hiring discrimination and bolster job protection for members of the armed forces, including those of the RCs; ESGR support programs; or RC activation and deployment policies, given the increased mobilization of the National Guard and Reserve and the continuing need to balance the rights, duties, and obligations of employers, RC members, and RC members' families. The study involved the review and analysis of existing research and data related to USERRA and the effects on employers of employee absences more generally, an analysis of the 2011 DoD National Survey of Employers, focus groups with employers conducted in 2012, interviews with RC chiefs conducted in 2011, and a legal and legislative history review of USERRA. This report describes key findings from the analysis
    Abstract: Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve (ESGR), a U.S. Department of Defense office (DoD), asked the RAND Corporation to study the implications that using the Reserve Components (RCs) as an operational force can have for employers in view of employment rights protections for RC members. Specifically, ESGR wanted to know whether changes are needed to the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA), 1994 legislation designed to prevent hiring discrimination and bolster job protection for members of the armed forces, including those of the RCs; ESGR support programs; or RC activation and deployment policies, given the increased mobilization of the National Guard and Reserve and the continuing need to balance the rights, duties, and obligations of employers, RC members, and RC members' families. The study involved the review and analysis of existing research and data related to USERRA and the effects on employers of employee absences more generally, an analysis of the 2011 DoD National Survey of Employers, focus groups with employers conducted in 2012, interviews with RC chiefs conducted in 2011, and a legal and legislative history review of USERRA. This report describes key findings from the analysis
    Note: "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , "National Security Research Division , Includes bibliographical references (pages 89-94)
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  • 49
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    Paths to victory : lessons from modern insurgencies (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833080547 , 0833083414 , 0833080547 , 9780833083418
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xlii, 286 pages)
    Additional Information: Paths to victory: detailed insurgency case studies
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation research report series RR-291/1-OSD
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Paul, Christopher, 1971- Paths to victory
    Keywords: Counterinsurgency Research ; Counterinsurgency Case studies ; Counterinsurgency ; Counterinsurgency ; Military & Naval Science ; Case studies ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Science - General ; Counterinsurgency ; Counterinsurgency ; Research ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Security (National & International) ; Electronic books
    Abstract: When a country is threatened by an insurgency, what efforts give its government the best chance of prevailing? Contemporary discourse on this subject is voluminous and often contentious. Advice for the counterinsurgent is often based on little more than common sense, a general understanding of history, or a handful of detailed examples, instead of a solid, systematically collected body of historical evidence. A 2010 RAND study challenged this trend with rigorous analyses of all 30 insurgencies that started and ended between 1978 and 2008. This update to that original study expanded the data set, adding 41 new cases and comparing all 71 insurgencies begun and completed worldwide since World War II. With many more cases to compare, the study was able to more rigorously test the previous findings and address critical questions that the earlier study could not. For example, it could examine the approaches that led counterinsurgency forces to prevail when an external actor was involved in the conflict. It was also able to address questions about timing and duration, such as which factors affect the duration of insurgencies and the durability of the resulting peace, as well as how long historical counterinsurgency forces had to engage in effective practices before they won
    Abstract: When a country is threatened by an insurgency, what efforts give its government the best chance of prevailing? Contemporary discourse on this subject is voluminous and often contentious. Advice for the counterinsurgent is often based on little more than common sense, a general understanding of history, or a handful of detailed examples, instead of a solid, systematically collected body of historical evidence. A 2010 RAND study challenged this trend with rigorous analyses of all 30 insurgencies that started and ended between 1978 and 2008. This update to that original study expanded the data set, adding 41 new cases and comparing all 71 insurgencies begun and completed worldwide since World War II. With many more cases to compare, the study was able to more rigorously test the previous findings and address critical questions that the earlier study could not. For example, it could examine the approaches that led counterinsurgency forces to prevail when an external actor was involved in the conflict. It was also able to address questions about timing and duration, such as which factors affect the duration of insurgencies and the durability of the resulting peace, as well as how long historical counterinsurgency forces had to engage in effective practices before they won
    Note: "National Defense Research Institute , "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , Companion publication to: Paths to victory: detailed insurgency case studies , Includes bibliographical references (pages 277-286)
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  • 50
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    A risk assessment methodology and Excel tool for acquisition programs (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833080608 , 0833084801 , 0833080601 , 9780833084804
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 pages)
    Keywords: United States Appropriations and expenditures ; United States Procurement ; Costs ; Evaluation ; Methodology ; United States ; United States ; Weapons systems Costs ; Forecasting ; Systems integration Risk assessment ; Methodology ; Weapons systems ; Systems integration ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; United States ; United States ; Expenditures, Public ; United States Armed Forces ; Weapons systems ; Costs ; Evaluation ; Methodology ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Implementing risk management principles to manage large defense acquisition programs is a priority for the U.S. defense acquisition community. To assist those decisionmakers responsible for identifying the risk associated with major weapons programs, RAND researchers developed a methodology and accompanying Excel, information-based risk tool (the ⁰́Assessor Tool⁰́₊). The Assessor Tool offers an Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD)-level approach to the evaluation and measurement of system integration risk. That is, it is meant for assessors, such as OSD personnel, who may not be especially familiar with the specific program under evaluation but still may need to make judgments about the program⁰́₉s risk. It is based on a tractable and comprehensive set of questions that can help evaluate integration risk at each point in the acquisition process. More specifically, the tool enables users to see how well integration risk is being managed by providing a standards-based valuation of integration issues that can lead to cost growth, schedule growth, and program performance. The users⁰́₉ manual for the Assessor Tool is available in a companion document, An Excel Tool to Assess Acquisition Program Risk (by Lauren A. Fleishman-Mayer, Mark V. Arena, and Michael E. McMahon, TL-113-OSD, 2013). The Assessor Tool and its methodology may also be generalizable to an entire set of information-based risk assessment applications. Overall, the methodology and tool have many strengths, including being based on well-grounded theories, allowing for reproducibility and traceability, and the extensive flexibility to be used to evaluate risk for many different types of programs. To provide a benchmarking and validation of the risk scores calculated by the tool, future work could include the tool⁰́₉s validation by tracking its output against a program⁰́₉s performance
    Abstract: Implementing risk management principles to manage large defense acquisition programs is a priority for the U.S. defense acquisition community. To assist those decisionmakers responsible for identifying the risk associated with major weapons programs, RAND researchers developed a methodology and accompanying Excel, information-based risk tool (the ⁰́Assessor Tool⁰́₊). The Assessor Tool offers an Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD)-level approach to the evaluation and measurement of system integration risk. That is, it is meant for assessors, such as OSD personnel, who may not be especially familiar with the specific program under evaluation but still may need to make judgments about the program⁰́₉s risk. It is based on a tractable and comprehensive set of questions that can help evaluate integration risk at each point in the acquisition process. More specifically, the tool enables users to see how well integration risk is being managed by providing a standards-based valuation of integration issues that can lead to cost growth, schedule growth, and program performance. The users⁰́₉ manual for the Assessor Tool is available in a companion document, An Excel Tool to Assess Acquisition Program Risk (by Lauren A. Fleishman-Mayer, Mark V. Arena, and Michael E. McMahon, TL-113-OSD, 2013). The Assessor Tool and its methodology may also be generalizable to an entire set of information-based risk assessment applications. Overall, the methodology and tool have many strengths, including being based on well-grounded theories, allowing for reproducibility and traceability, and the extensive flexibility to be used to evaluate risk for many different types of programs. To provide a benchmarking and validation of the risk scores calculated by the tool, future work could include the tool⁰́₉s validation by tracking its output against a program⁰́₉s performance
    Note: "This research was conducted within the Acquisition and Technology Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , "RAND National Security Research Division , Includes bibliographical references (pages 25-26) , Title from title screen (viewed on October 24, 2013)
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    Improving federal and Department of Defense use of service-disabled veteran-owned businesses (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833080974 , 083308478X , 0833080970 , 9780833084781
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvii, 30 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation research report series RR-322-OSD
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cox, Amy G Improving federal and Department of Defense use of service-disabled veteran-owned businesses
    Keywords: United States Rules and practice ; United States ; Business enterprises owned by veterans with disabilities Government policy ; Veteran-owned business enterprises Government policy ; Public contracts ; Business enterprises owned by veterans with disabilities ; Veteran-owned business enterprises ; Public contracts ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Administration ; United States ; Rules ; HISTORY ; Military ; Veterans ; Public contracts ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The report investigates the barriers that service-disabled veteran-owned small businesses (SDVOSBs) may face when attempting to contract with the federal government and the Department of Defense. The government and DoD goals are to award 3 percent of prime-contract dollars to SDVOSBs but current contracting falls below that level. The authors assess the characteristics of service-disabled veterans that support successful business ownership and identify possible barriers to meeting the 3 percent goals
    Abstract: The report investigates the barriers that service-disabled veteran-owned small businesses (SDVOSBs) may face when attempting to contract with the federal government and the Department of Defense. The government and DoD goals are to award 3 percent of prime-contract dollars to SDVOSBs but current contracting falls below that level. The authors assess the characteristics of service-disabled veterans that support successful business ownership and identify possible barriers to meeting the 3 percent goals
    Note: "RAND National Security Research Division , Includes bibliographical references (pages 29-30)
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  • 52
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    Penaid nonproliferation : hindering the spread of countermeasures against ballistic missile defenses (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : Rand Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833085405 , 0833085409 , 9780833081490 , 0833084712 , 0833081497 , 9780833084712
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 71 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation research report RR378
    Parallel Title: Print version Speier, Richard Penaid nonproliferation
    Keywords: Ballistic missile defenses ; Weapons of mass destruction ; National security ; Ballistic missile defenses ; Weapons of mass destruction ; National security ; National security ; Weapons of mass destruction ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; United States ; HISTORY ; Military ; Weapons ; Ballistic missile defenses ; Military readiness ; United States Defenses ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: An attacker's missile-borne countermeasures to ballistic missile defenses are known as penetration aids, or penaids. To support efforts to prevent the proliferation of penaid-related items, this research recommends controls on potential exports according to the structure of the international Missile Technology Control Regime
    Abstract: An attacker's missile-borne countermeasures to ballistic missile defenses are known as penetration aids, or penaids. To support efforts to prevent the proliferation of penaid-related items, this research recommends controls on potential exports according to the structure of the international Missile Technology Control Regime
    Note: "National Defense Research Institute , "RR-378-DTRA"--Page 4 of cover , "Prepared for the Naval Postgraduate School, Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Combating WMD , Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-71)
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  • 53
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    Surprise! : from CEOs to Navy SEALs : how a select group of professionals prepare for and respond to the unexpected (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833081032 , 0833081063 , 0833081055 , 0833081047 , 0833081039 , 9780833081049 , 9780833081056 , 9780833081063
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiii, 82 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation monograph series
    Parallel Title: Print version Baiocchi, Dave Surprise!
    Keywords: Surprise ; Emergency management ; Surprise ; Emergency management ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Industrial Management ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Management ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Management Science ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Organizational Behavior ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Disasters & Disaster Relief ; Emergency management ; Surprise ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report relates what professionals believe creates surprise, how they respond to it, and how the effects of surprise can be mitigated. To understand how different professions respond to surprise, RAND researchers developed a framework that categorizes professionals' responses to surprise in terms of the time available to respond and the level of chaos in the environment, then conducted discussions with representatives from 13 different professions, including former ambassadors, chief executive officers, military personnel, and physicians. RAND observed that the interviewees all used common coping strategies, such as relying on past experience and trying to reduce the level of chaos in the environment. However, there were also important differences in the responses taken by different types of professionals: "strategists" (e.g., CEOs and foreign service officers) focused more on controlling anger and ego, and communicating and coordinating with others, while "tacticians" (e.g., medical practitioners and SWAT team members) -- who typically have a shorter response time -- focused more on controlling panic and buying time. The report concludes with recommendations on how practitioners can better prepare for and respond to surprise
    Abstract: This report relates what professionals believe creates surprise, how they respond to it, and how the effects of surprise can be mitigated. To understand how different professions respond to surprise, RAND researchers developed a framework that categorizes professionals' responses to surprise in terms of the time available to respond and the level of chaos in the environment, then conducted discussions with representatives from 13 different professions, including former ambassadors, chief executive officers, military personnel, and physicians. RAND observed that the interviewees all used common coping strategies, such as relying on past experience and trying to reduce the level of chaos in the environment. However, there were also important differences in the responses taken by different types of professionals: "strategists" (e.g., CEOs and foreign service officers) focused more on controlling anger and ego, and communicating and coordinating with others, while "tacticians" (e.g., medical practitioners and SWAT team members) -- who typically have a shorter response time -- focused more on controlling panic and buying time. The report concludes with recommendations on how practitioners can better prepare for and respond to surprise
    Note: "Prepared for the National Reconnaissance Office , "RAND National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references (pages 81-82)
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  • 54
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    Assessment of Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization (JIEDDO) training activity (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833084644 , 083308464X
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 54 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation research report series RR-421-OSD
    Keywords: Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization (U.S.) Evaluation ; Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization (U.S.) ; Improvised explosive devices Study and teaching ; Evaluation ; Improvised explosive devices ; HISTORY ; Military ; Weapons ; Evaluation ; Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization (U.S.) ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization (JIEDDO) carries out training activities both as part of its equipment and system development responsibilities and its more general responsibility to "train the force" in IED threats and countermeasures. It has unique authorities and capabilities intended to facilitate rapid fielding, but concern has developed that these programs and functions may be duplicative with the efforts of the military Services, U.S. Special Operations Command, and other agencies. The RAND team's assessment is that while some programs and functions are similar to other activities and initiatives, there is little evidence of duplication -- in fact, the programs and functions appear to add value. This finding reflects a conscious effort by JIEDDO to develop processes that ensure review and oversight of capability development. This may be an important lesson learned if the Department of Defense again confronts an asymmetric challenge and requires an organizational structure to meet it
    Abstract: The Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization (JIEDDO) carries out training activities both as part of its equipment and system development responsibilities and its more general responsibility to "train the force" in IED threats and countermeasures. It has unique authorities and capabilities intended to facilitate rapid fielding, but concern has developed that these programs and functions may be duplicative with the efforts of the military Services, U.S. Special Operations Command, and other agencies. The RAND team's assessment is that while some programs and functions are similar to other activities and initiatives, there is little evidence of duplication -- in fact, the programs and functions appear to add value. This finding reflects a conscious effort by JIEDDO to develop processes that ensure review and oversight of capability development. This may be an important lesson learned if the Department of Defense again confronts an asymmetric challenge and requires an organizational structure to meet it
    Note: "National Defense Research Institute , "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , Includes bibliographical references (page 54) , Report number from resource home page
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  • 55
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    Authority to issue interoperability policy (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833081773 , 0833084720 , 0833081772 , 9780833084729
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xx, 69 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series RR357-NAVY
    Parallel Title: Print version Wong, Carolyn, 1952- Authority to issue interoperability policy
    Keywords: United States Personnel management ; United States Management ; United States ; United States ; Sea-power Management ; Organizational effectiveness ; Sea-power ; Organizational effectiveness ; Armed Forces ; Personnel management ; Organizational effectiveness ; United States ; United States ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Political Freedom ; Armed Forces ; Management ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Achieving interoperability among systems is instrumental to enabling critical functions, such as timely information exchange during operations and efficiencies in acquisition, so it is important to understand what parties have authority to issue policy that governs the facets of interoperability. This report presents an approach and framework for determining what parties have authority to issue interoperability policy, the legal and policy origins and implementation paths of the authority, and the extent of the authority. The approach includes rigorous analysis by researchers to identify pertinent authorities in federal law supplemented by a means to facilitate discovery of roles and responsibilities in Department of Defense and Service-level policies. The approach results in a roles and responsibilities network that traces the paths of authority available to issue interoperability policy. The authors use as a case study the authority of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Research, Development, and Acquisition, Chief Systems Engineer to issue Navy interoperability policy related to mission area systems engineering (MASE) to demonstrate the use of the framework and methodology. They find that there are 13 different paths of authority that could be cited by four different parties to claim authority to influence interoperability policy related to MASE. The approach used in this report might be developed, along with complementary analytic techniques, to provide the government with the ability to create and maintain consistent and comprehensive bodies of policy that will ensure the effective and efficient operation of defense agencies
    Abstract: Achieving interoperability among systems is instrumental to enabling critical functions, such as timely information exchange during operations and efficiencies in acquisition, so it is important to understand what parties have authority to issue policy that governs the facets of interoperability. This report presents an approach and framework for determining what parties have authority to issue interoperability policy, the legal and policy origins and implementation paths of the authority, and the extent of the authority. The approach includes rigorous analysis by researchers to identify pertinent authorities in federal law supplemented by a means to facilitate discovery of roles and responsibilities in Department of Defense and Service-level policies. The approach results in a roles and responsibilities network that traces the paths of authority available to issue interoperability policy. The authors use as a case study the authority of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Research, Development, and Acquisition, Chief Systems Engineer to issue Navy interoperability policy related to mission area systems engineering (MASE) to demonstrate the use of the framework and methodology. They find that there are 13 different paths of authority that could be cited by four different parties to claim authority to influence interoperability policy related to MASE. The approach used in this report might be developed, along with complementary analytic techniques, to provide the government with the ability to create and maintain consistent and comprehensive bodies of policy that will ensure the effective and efficient operation of defense agencies
    Note: "Prepared for the United States Navy. Approved for public release; distribution unlimited , Includes bibliographical references (page 69)
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  • 56
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    Portfolio optimization by means of multiple tandem certainty-uncertainty searches : a technical description (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833082954 , 0833082957
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 pages)
    DDC: 519.3
    Keywords: Mathematical optimization ; Mathematical optimization ; Mathematical optimization ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This paper describes a new approach to a very difficult process of optimization under uncertainty. This approach is to find the optimal solution to a problem by designing a number of search algorithms or schemes in a way that allows analysts to apply to a problem that contains a significantly larger number of decision variables, uncertain parameters, and uncertain scenarios than analysts have had to contend with until now. The specific purpose of this paper is to convert a provisional patent application entitled Portfolio Optimization by Means of a Ranking and Competing Search by the author into a published volume available for public use. This approach and its associated search algorithms have a key feature⁰́₄they generate typically 10,000 uncertain scenarios according to their uncertainty distribution functions. While each of these scenarios is a point in the larger uncertainty space, the originally uncertain parameters are specified for the scenario and are, thereby, "determined" or "certain." Thus, the solvable mixed-integer linear programming model can be used "under certainty" (i.e., deterministically) to find the optimal solution for that scenario. Doing this for numerous scenarios provides a great deal of knowledge and facilitates the search for the optimal solution⁰́₄or one close to it⁰́₄for the larger problem under uncertainty. Thus, this approach allows one to avoid the impossible task of performing millions or trillions of searches to find the optimal solution for each scenario, yet enables one to gain just as much knowledge as if one were doing so
    Abstract: This paper describes a new approach to a very difficult process of optimization under uncertainty. This approach is to find the optimal solution to a problem by designing a number of search algorithms or schemes in a way that allows analysts to apply to a problem that contains a significantly larger number of decision variables, uncertain parameters, and uncertain scenarios than analysts have had to contend with until now. The specific purpose of this paper is to convert a provisional patent application entitled Portfolio Optimization by Means of a Ranking and Competing Search by the author into a published volume available for public use. This approach and its associated search algorithms have a key feature⁰́₄they generate typically 10,000 uncertain scenarios according to their uncertainty distribution functions. While each of these scenarios is a point in the larger uncertainty space, the originally uncertain parameters are specified for the scenario and are, thereby, "determined" or "certain." Thus, the solvable mixed-integer linear programming model can be used "under certainty" (i.e., deterministically) to find the optimal solution for that scenario. Doing this for numerous scenarios provides a great deal of knowledge and facilitates the search for the optimal solution⁰́₄or one close to it⁰́₄for the larger problem under uncertainty. Thus, this approach allows one to avoid the impossible task of performing millions or trillions of searches to find the optimal solution for each scenario, yet enables one to gain just as much knowledge as if one were doing so
    Note: "RAND Corporation , "March 15, 2013 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen (viewed March 15, 2013)
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  • 57
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    Developing Navy capability to recover forces in chemical, biological, and radiological hazard environments (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833081476 , 0833085506 , 0833081470 , 9780833085504
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvi, 55 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series RR-155-OSD
    Parallel Title: Print version Resnick, Adam C Developing Navy capability to recover forces in chemical, biological, and radiological hazard environments
    Keywords: United States ; United States Planning ; United States Operational readiness ; United States ; United States ; United States ; Amphibious warfare Planning ; Decontamination (from gases, chemicals, etc.) ; Biological decontamination ; Radioactive decontamination ; Amphibious warfare ; Decontamination (from gases, chemicals, etc.) ; Biological decontamination ; Radioactive decontamination ; Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena ; Armed Conflicts ; Biological Warfare ; Chemical Warfare ; Decontamination ; Delivery of Health Care ; Environment and Public Health ; Military Science ; Nuclear Warfare ; Public Health Practice ; Public Health ; Social Problems ; Social Sciences ; Sociology ; Technology, Industry, Agriculture ; Technology, Industry, and Agriculture ; United States ; Amphibious warfare ; Planning ; Armed Forces ; Operational readiness ; Armed Forces ; Planning ; Biological decontamination ; Decontamination (from gases, chemicals, etc.) ; Radioactive decontamination ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Science - General ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Recovering amphibious forces can be complicated if ashore forces are attacked with chemical, biological, or radiological weapons. These forces may cross-contaminate others with whom they come in contact. And if contaminants spread to equipment and vehicles, creating persistent hazards, those items may pose an additional cross-contamination risk. Although the preference is to decontaminate ashore forces in the operating environment or in a clean area elsewhere on land, this is not always feasible. Using a scenario involving a Marine Expeditionary Unit of 3,000 Marines, 300 total contaminated service members, including 24 contaminated litter casualties and 75 contaminated ambulatory casualties, the researchers assess current policies and capabilities pertaining to the recovery and decontamination of ashore forces aboard ships and identify policy options the Navy could pursue to better perform this mission. They develop a set of policies to increase the Navy's capability to recover and transport contaminated land forces to amphibious assault groups and propose doctrine to support operational decisions
    Abstract: Recovering amphibious forces can be complicated if ashore forces are attacked with chemical, biological, or radiological weapons. These forces may cross-contaminate others with whom they come in contact. And if contaminants spread to equipment and vehicles, creating persistent hazards, those items may pose an additional cross-contamination risk. Although the preference is to decontaminate ashore forces in the operating environment or in a clean area elsewhere on land, this is not always feasible. Using a scenario involving a Marine Expeditionary Unit of 3,000 Marines, 300 total contaminated service members, including 24 contaminated litter casualties and 75 contaminated ambulatory casualties, the researchers assess current policies and capabilities pertaining to the recovery and decontamination of ashore forces aboard ships and identify policy options the Navy could pursue to better perform this mission. They develop a set of policies to increase the Navy's capability to recover and transport contaminated land forces to amphibious assault groups and propose doctrine to support operational decisions
    Note: "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense. Approved for public release; distribution unlimited , Includes bibliographical references (pages 54-55)
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    Turkish-Iranian relations in a changing Middle East (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833080332 , 0833080334 , 9780833080349 , 0833080350 , 9780833080110 , 0833080342 , 9780833080356
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 46 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series
    Parallel Title: Print version Larrabee, F. Stephen Turkish-Iranian relations in a changing Middle East
    Keywords: POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; General ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; Trade & Tariffs ; Diplomatic relations ; Iran ; Middle East ; Turkey ; Strategic aspects of individual places ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Government ; International ; Turkey Foreign relations ; Iran Foreign relations ; Middle East Strategic aspects ; Turkey ; Iran ; Middle East ; Electronic books ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Turkish-Iranian cooperation has visibly intensified in recent years, thanks in part to Turkish energy needs and Iran's vast oil and natural gas resources. However, Turkey and Iran tend to be rivals rather than close partners. While they may share certain economic and security interests, especially regarding the Kurdish issue, their interests are at odds in many areas across the Middle East. Turkey's support for the opposition in Syria, Iran's only true state ally in the Middle East, is one example. Iraq has also become a field of growing competition between Turkey and Iran. Iran's nuclear program has been a source of strain and divergence in U.S.-Turkish relations. However, the differences between the United States and Turkey regarding Iran's nuclear program are largely over tactics, not strategic goals. Turkey's main fear is that Iran's acquisition of nuclear arms could lead to a nuclear arms race in the Middle East. This, in turn, could increase pressure on the Turkish government to consider developing its own nuclear weapon capability. U.S. and Turkish interests have become more convergent since the onset of the Syrian crisis. However, while U.S. and Turkish interests in the Middle East closely overlap, they are not identical. Thus, the United States should not expect Turkey to follow its policy toward Iran unconditionally. Turkey has enforced United Nations sanctions against Iran but, given Ankara's close energy ties to Tehran, may be reluctant to undertake the harshest measures against Iran
    Abstract: Turkish-Iranian cooperation has visibly intensified in recent years, thanks in part to Turkish energy needs and Iran's vast oil and natural gas resources. However, Turkey and Iran tend to be rivals rather than close partners. While they may share certain economic and security interests, especially regarding the Kurdish issue, their interests are at odds in many areas across the Middle East. Turkey's support for the opposition in Syria, Iran's only true state ally in the Middle East, is one example. Iraq has also become a field of growing competition between Turkey and Iran. Iran's nuclear program has been a source of strain and divergence in U.S.-Turkish relations. However, the differences between the United States and Turkey regarding Iran's nuclear program are largely over tactics, not strategic goals. Turkey's main fear is that Iran's acquisition of nuclear arms could lead to a nuclear arms race in the Middle East. This, in turn, could increase pressure on the Turkish government to consider developing its own nuclear weapon capability. U.S. and Turkish interests have become more convergent since the onset of the Syrian crisis. However, while U.S. and Turkish interests in the Middle East closely overlap, they are not identical. Thus, the United States should not expect Turkey to follow its policy toward Iran unconditionally. Turkey has enforced United Nations sanctions against Iran but, given Ankara's close energy ties to Tehran, may be reluctant to undertake the harshest measures against Iran
    Note: "Prepared for the National Intelligence Council , At head of title: Rand National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references (pages 39-46)
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  • 59
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    Preparing for the possibility of a North Korean collapse (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833081735 , 083308173X , 9780833081742 , 0833081756 , 0833081748 , 0833081721 , 9780833081728 , 9780833081759
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxx, 312 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation research report series
    Parallel Title: Print version Bennett, Bruce W., 1952- Preparing for the possibility of a North Korean collapse
    Keywords: Failed states ; Korean reunification question (1945- ) ; Failed states ; Korean reunification question (1945- ) ; Korean reunification question (1945- ) ; Diplomatic relations ; Economic history ; Failed states ; Politics and government ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Government ; International ; Korea (North) ; United States ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; General ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Human Rights ; United States Foreign relations ; Korea (North) Foreign relations ; Korea (North) Economic conditions 21st century ; Korea (North) Politics and government 2011- ; United States ; Korea (North) ; Korea (North) ; Korea (North) ; Electronic books
    Abstract: A North Korean government collapse would have serious consequences in North Korea and beyond. At the very least, a collapse would reduce the already scarce food and essential goods available to the population, in part due to hoarding and increasing costs. This could lead to a humanitarian disaster. Factions emerging after a collapse could plunge the country into civil war that spills over into neighboring countries. Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) could be used and even proliferated. This report examines ways of controlling and mitigating the consequences, recognizing that the Republic of Korea (ROK) and its U.S. ally will almost certainly need to intervene militarily in the North, likely seeking Korean unification as the ultimate outcome. But such an intervention requires serious preparation. North Koreans must be convinced that they will be treated well and could actually have better lives after unification. The allies need to prepare to deliver humanitarian aid in the North, stop conflict, demilitarize the North Korean military and security services over time, and secure and eventually eliminate North Korean WMD. Potential Chinese intervention must be addressed, ideally leading to cooperation with ROK and U.S. forces. Plans are needed for liberating North Korean political prisons before the guards execute the prisoners. Property rights need to be addressed. The ROK must sustain its military capabilities despite major reductions in force size due to very low birthrates. And ROK reluctance to broadly address North Korean collapse must be overcome so that plans in these areas can move forward
    Abstract: A North Korean government collapse would have serious consequences in North Korea and beyond. At the very least, a collapse would reduce the already scarce food and essential goods available to the population, in part due to hoarding and increasing costs. This could lead to a humanitarian disaster. Factions emerging after a collapse could plunge the country into civil war that spills over into neighboring countries. Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) could be used and even proliferated. This report examines ways of controlling and mitigating the consequences, recognizing that the Republic of Korea (ROK) and its U.S. ally will almost certainly need to intervene militarily in the North, likely seeking Korean unification as the ultimate outcome. But such an intervention requires serious preparation. North Koreans must be convinced that they will be treated well and could actually have better lives after unification. The allies need to prepare to deliver humanitarian aid in the North, stop conflict, demilitarize the North Korean military and security services over time, and secure and eventually eliminate North Korean WMD. Potential Chinese intervention must be addressed, ideally leading to cooperation with ROK and U.S. forces. Plans are needed for liberating North Korean political prisons before the guards execute the prisoners. Property rights need to be addressed. The ROK must sustain its military capabilities despite major reductions in force size due to very low birthrates. And ROK reluctance to broadly address North Korean collapse must be overcome so that plans in these areas can move forward
    Note: "Prepared for the Smith Richardson Foundation , At head of title: Rand National Security Research Division , Includes bibliographical references (pages 297-312) and index
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    Brandishing cyberattack capabilities (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833080059 , 0833080059 , 9780833080042 , 0833080040
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series RR175
    Parallel Title: Print version Libicki, Martin C Brandishing Cyberattack Capabilities
    Keywords: Deterrence (Strategy) ; Information warfare ; Cyberterrorism ; Deterrence (Strategy) ; Information warfare ; Cyberterrorism ; HISTORY ; Military ; Other ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; Arms Control ; Cyberterrorism ; Deterrence (Strategy) ; Information warfare ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Deterrence is possible only when others have at least a good idea of possible U.S. military reprisals, but cyberattack capabilities resist such demonstration. This report explores ways they can be and under what circumstances, then goes on to examine the difficulties and the drawbacks. Such "brandishing" is no panacea and could even backfire if misinterpreted. Its success also relies on the strength of other elements of the deterrence posture
    Abstract: Deterrence is possible only when others have at least a good idea of possible U.S. military reprisals, but cyberattack capabilities resist such demonstration. This report explores ways they can be and under what circumstances, then goes on to examine the difficulties and the drawbacks. Such "brandishing" is no panacea and could even backfire if misinterpreted. Its success also relies on the strength of other elements of the deterrence posture
    Note: "National Defense Research Institute , "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , Includes bibliographical references
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    Paths to victory : detailed insurgency case studies (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833081094 , 0833083422 , 0833081098 , 9780833083425
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxxvii, 468 pages)
    Additional Information: Paths to victory: lessons from modern insurgencies
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation research report series RR-291/2-OSD
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Paul, Christopher, 1971- Paths to victory
    Keywords: Insurgency Case studies ; Insurgency ; Case studies ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Security (National & International) ; Military Science - General ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Insurgency ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Detailed overviews of 41 insurgency cases. UK in Palestine, 1944-1947 -- Greece, 1945-1949 -- Indochina, 1946-1954 -- Philippines (Huk Rebellion), 1946-1956 -- Colombia ("La Violencia"), 1948-1958 -- Malaya, 1948-1955 -- Kenya, 1952-1956 -- Algerian Independence, 1954-1962 -- Cyprus, 1955-1959 -- Cuba, 1956-1959 -- Oman (Imamate Uprising), 1957-1959 -- Indonesia (Darul Islam), 1958-1962 -- Tibet, 1956-1974 -- Guatemala, 1960-1996 -- Laos, 1959-1975 -- Namibia, 1960-1989 -- South Africa, 1960-1990 -- South Vietnam, 1960-1975 -- Eritrea, 1961-1991 -- Iraqi Kurdistan, 1961-1975 -- Angolan Independence, 1961-1974 -- Guinea-Bissau, 1962-1974 -- Mozambican Independence, 1962-1974 -- Yemen, 1962-1970 -- Uruguay, 1963-1972 -- Oman (Dhofar Rebellion), 1965-1975 -- Zimbabwe/Rhodesia, 1965-1980 -- Argentina, 1969-1979 -- Cambodia, 1967-1975 -- Northern Ireland, 1969-1999 -- Jordan, 1970-1971 -- Bangladesh, 1971 -- Philippines (MNLF), 1971-1996 -- Baluchistan, 1973-1978 -- Angola (UNITA), 1975-2002 -- Indonesia (East Timor), 1975-2000 -- Lebanese Civil War, 1975-1990 -- Western Sahara, 1975-1991 -- Indonesia (Aceh), 1976-2005 -- Mozambique (RENAMO), 1976-1995 -- Sri Lanka, 1976-2009
    Abstract: Detailed overviews of 41 insurgency cases. UK in Palestine, 1944-1947 -- Greece, 1945-1949 -- Indochina, 1946-1954 -- Philippines (Huk Rebellion), 1946-1956 -- Colombia ("La Violencia"), 1948-1958 -- Malaya, 1948-1955 -- Kenya, 1952-1956 -- Algerian Independence, 1954-1962 -- Cyprus, 1955-1959 -- Cuba, 1956-1959 -- Oman (Imamate Uprising), 1957-1959 -- Indonesia (Darul Islam), 1958-1962 -- Tibet, 1956-1974 -- Guatemala, 1960-1996 -- Laos, 1959-1975 -- Namibia, 1960-1989 -- South Africa, 1960-1990 -- South Vietnam, 1960-1975 -- Eritrea, 1961-1991 -- Iraqi Kurdistan, 1961-1975 -- Angolan Independence, 1961-1974 -- Guinea-Bissau, 1962-1974 -- Mozambican Independence, 1962-1974 -- Yemen, 1962-1970 -- Uruguay, 1963-1972 -- Oman (Dhofar Rebellion), 1965-1975 -- Zimbabwe/Rhodesia, 1965-1980 -- Argentina, 1969-1979 -- Cambodia, 1967-1975 -- Northern Ireland, 1969-1999 -- Jordan, 1970-1971 -- Bangladesh, 1971 -- Philippines (MNLF), 1971-1996 -- Baluchistan, 1973-1978 -- Angola (UNITA), 1975-2002 -- Indonesia (East Timor), 1975-2000 -- Lebanese Civil War, 1975-1990 -- Western Sahara, 1975-1991 -- Indonesia (Aceh), 1976-2005 -- Mozambique (RENAMO), 1976-1995 -- Sri Lanka, 1976-2009
    Note: "National Defense Research Institute , "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , Companion publication to: Paths to victory: lessons from modern insurgencies , Includes bibliographical references (pages 441-468)
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    Out of the shadows : the health and well-being of private contractors working in conflict environments (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833082336 , 0833082353 , 0833082337 , 9780833082350
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiii, 115 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation research report series RR-420-RC
    Parallel Title: Print version Dunigan, Molly Out of the shadows
    Keywords: Government contractors Medical care ; Government contractors Mental health ; Government contractors Health and hygiene ; Government contractors ; Government contractors ; Government contractors ; Contract Services ; Military Medicine ; Warfare ; Occupational Health ; Combat Disorders ; United States ; PSYCHOLOGY ; Psychopathology ; Depression ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Public Affairs & Administration ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Over the past decade, private contractors have been deployed extensively around the globe. In addition to supporting U.S. and allied forces in Iraq and Afghanistan, contractors have assisted foreign governments, nongovernmental organizations, and private businesses by providing a wide range of services, including base support and maintenance, logistical support, transportation, intelligence, communications, construction, and security. At the height of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, contractors outnumbered U.S. troops deployed to both theaters. Although these contractors are not supposed to engage in offensive combat, they may nonetheless be exposed to many of the stressors that are known to have physical and mental health implications for military personnel. RAND conducted an online survey of a sample of contractors who had deployed on contract to a theater of conflict at least once between early 2011 and early 2013. The survey collected demographic and employment information, along with details about respondents⁰́₉ deployment experience (including level of preparation for deployment, combat exposure, and living conditions), mental health (including probable posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and alcohol misuse), physical health, and access to and use of health care. The goal was to describe the contractors⁰́₉ health and well-being and to explore differences across the sample by such factors as country of citizenship, job specialty, and length and frequency of contract deployment. The findings provide a foundation for future studies of contractor populations and serve to inform policy decisions affecting contractors, including efforts to reduce barriers to mental health treatment for this population
    Abstract: Over the past decade, private contractors have been deployed extensively around the globe. In addition to supporting U.S. and allied forces in Iraq and Afghanistan, contractors have assisted foreign governments, nongovernmental organizations, and private businesses by providing a wide range of services, including base support and maintenance, logistical support, transportation, intelligence, communications, construction, and security. At the height of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, contractors outnumbered U.S. troops deployed to both theaters. Although these contractors are not supposed to engage in offensive combat, they may nonetheless be exposed to many of the stressors that are known to have physical and mental health implications for military personnel. RAND conducted an online survey of a sample of contractors who had deployed on contract to a theater of conflict at least once between early 2011 and early 2013. The survey collected demographic and employment information, along with details about respondents⁰́₉ deployment experience (including level of preparation for deployment, combat exposure, and living conditions), mental health (including probable posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and alcohol misuse), physical health, and access to and use of health care. The goal was to describe the contractors⁰́₉ health and well-being and to explore differences across the sample by such factors as country of citizenship, job specialty, and length and frequency of contract deployment. The findings provide a foundation for future studies of contractor populations and serve to inform policy decisions affecting contractors, including efforts to reduce barriers to mental health treatment for this population
    Note: "RR-420-RC"--Page 4 of cover , At head of title: Rand National Security Research Division , Includes bibliographical references (pages 107-115)
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  • 63
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    Counterinsurgency scorecard : Afghanistan in early 2013 relative to insurgencies since World War II (2013)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833081766 , 0833083643 , 0833081764 , 9780833083647
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 25 pages)
    Keywords: Counterinsurgency ; Counterinsurgency Case studies ; Counterinsurgency ; Counterinsurgency ; Afghanistan ; Military Science - General ; Case studies ; Military & Naval Science ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Security (National & International) ; Counterinsurgency ; Law, Politics & Government ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The RAND report Paths to Victory: Lessons from Modern Insurgencies added 41 new cases to a previously studied set of 30 insurgencies, examining the 71 insurgencies begun and completed worldwide between World War II and 2008 to analyze correlates of success in counterinsurgency (COIN). A key finding of this research was that a case's score on a scorecard of 15 equally weighted good and 11 equally weighted bad COIN factors and practices perfectly discriminated the outcomes of the cases analyzed. That is, the balance of good and bad factors and practices correlated with either a COIN win (insurgency loss) or a COIN loss (insurgency win) in the overall case. Using the scorecard approach as its foundation, a RAND study sought to apply the findings to the case of Afghanistan in early 2013. The effort involved an expert elicitation, or Delphi exercise, in which experts were asked to make "worst-case" assessments of the factors to complete the scorecard for ongoing operations in Afghanistan. The consensus results revealed that early 2013 Afghanistan ranks among the historical COIN winners, but its score is equal to those of the lowest-scoring historical wins. This tenuous position points to several areas in need of improvement, but particularly the need to disrupt the flow of insurgent support and the need for the Afghan government and Afghan security forces to better demonstrate their commitment and motivation. Afghanistan in early 2011 scored in the middle of the historical record in terms of COIN wins and losses, suggesting an overall improvement in COIN progress in that conflict by early 2013. However, conditions may change as coalition forces prepare to hand over responsibility for the country's security to the Afghan government and Afghan security forces in 2014
    Abstract: The RAND report Paths to Victory: Lessons from Modern Insurgencies added 41 new cases to a previously studied set of 30 insurgencies, examining the 71 insurgencies begun and completed worldwide between World War II and 2008 to analyze correlates of success in counterinsurgency (COIN). A key finding of this research was that a case's score on a scorecard of 15 equally weighted good and 11 equally weighted bad COIN factors and practices perfectly discriminated the outcomes of the cases analyzed. That is, the balance of good and bad factors and practices correlated with either a COIN win (insurgency loss) or a COIN loss (insurgency win) in the overall case. Using the scorecard approach as its foundation, a RAND study sought to apply the findings to the case of Afghanistan in early 2013. The effort involved an expert elicitation, or Delphi exercise, in which experts were asked to make "worst-case" assessments of the factors to complete the scorecard for ongoing operations in Afghanistan. The consensus results revealed that early 2013 Afghanistan ranks among the historical COIN winners, but its score is equal to those of the lowest-scoring historical wins. This tenuous position points to several areas in need of improvement, but particularly the need to disrupt the flow of insurgent support and the need for the Afghan government and Afghan security forces to better demonstrate their commitment and motivation. Afghanistan in early 2011 scored in the middle of the historical record in terms of COIN wins and losses, suggesting an overall improvement in COIN progress in that conflict by early 2013. However, conditions may change as coalition forces prepare to hand over responsibility for the country's security to the Afghan government and Afghan security forces in 2014
    Note: "RAND National Defense Research Institute , "This research was ... conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references (page 25)
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  • 64
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    Creating and Maintaining an Information Literacy Instruction Program in the Twenty-First Century (2013)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Chandos Publishing | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781843347057
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (246 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) set forth Characteristics of Programs of Information Literacy that Illustrate Best Practices: A Guideline. Creating and Maintaining an Information Literacy Instruction Program in the Twenty-First Century provides readers with a real-world, practical guide for creating an instruction program step-by-step, as well as a framework for reviewing, assessing, and updating existing programs. Each chapter focuses on one of the main aspects of the ACRL guidelines. Current research, anecdotal evidence and tools provide the reader with the support and instruments needed to either begin, or reinvigorate, an instruction program. The book begins by placing information literacy in programme context. It then covers how to survey your current program, and how to develop and implementing a program plan. The next chapters concentrate on administrative and institutional support; curriculum integration and campus collaboration; present and future students; pedagogy for the information professional; program marketing and outreach; assessment and future trends. Finally, this book concludes by asking its readers to re-survey their information literacy instruction program landscape once again. Provides a practical, scalable information literacy instruction program framework based upon the 2011 draft ACRL Characteristics of Programs of Information Literacy that Illustrate Best Practices Reflects current scholarship and practice Contains sample worksheets, templates, and assessment instruments
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed July 31, 2013)
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Performance standards for restaurants : a new approach to addressing the obesity Epidemic (2013)
    Santa Monica, California : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833082756 , 0833082752 , 9780833081490
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (10 pages)
    DDC: 614.4
    Keywords: Nutrition disorders ; Obesity ; Epidemics ; Nutrition disorders ; Obesity ; Epidemics ; MEDICAL ; Forensic Medicine ; MEDICAL ; Preventive Medicine ; MEDICAL ; Public Health ; MEDICAL ; Nutrition ; Epidemics ; Nutrition disorders ; Obesity ; Public Health ; Health & Biological Sciences ; Epidemiology & Epidemics ; United States ; North America ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Peformance Standards for Restaurants: A New Approach to Addressing the Obesity Epidemic; References; About This Paper.
    Abstract: This report presents the results of a conference of 38 national experts in nutrition and public health who met to develop performance standards that could guide restaurants toward facilitating healthier choices among consumers and that local communities or states could use as a model for developing and implementing either voluntary or mandatory certification programs
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  • 66
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    General military training : standardization and reduction options (2012)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833069122 , 083308321X , 0833069128 , 9780833083210
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiv, 100 pages)
    Series Statement: Technical report
    Keywords: United States Vocational guidance ; United States ; Armed Forces Training of ; Military readiness ; Military education ; Armed Forces ; Military readiness ; Military education ; Armed Forces ; Vocational guidance ; Military education ; Military readiness ; Vocational guidance ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Science - General ; United States ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; United States ; Armed Forces ; Operational readiness ; United States Armed Forces ; Operational readiness ; United States Armed Forces ; Vocational guidance ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Every uniformed service member, whether Active Component (AC) or Reserve Component (RC), must complete ancillary or general military training (GMT) requirements prescribed by his or her service. Individual services direct some topics, and some are stipulated by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). DoD has identified a need to reduce cyclic mandatory training requirements (especially for the RCs), thus reducing the training burden on the services and making the most of available training time. The RAND National Defense Research Institute was asked to examine the services' mandatory military training requirements and examine options to standardize requirements and reduce the training burden. This report responds to that request by providing a common definition of GMT and examining both the guidance that directs GMT completion and the services' approaches to conducting GMT. The authors identified GMT requirements directed by law and policy and interviewed service AC and RC subject-matter experts
    Abstract: Every uniformed service member, whether Active Component (AC) or Reserve Component (RC), must complete ancillary or general military training (GMT) requirements prescribed by his or her service. Individual services direct some topics, and some are stipulated by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). DoD has identified a need to reduce cyclic mandatory training requirements (especially for the RCs), thus reducing the training burden on the services and making the most of available training time. The RAND National Defense Research Institute was asked to examine the services' mandatory military training requirements and examine options to standardize requirements and reduce the training burden. This report responds to that request by providing a common definition of GMT and examining both the guidance that directs GMT completion and the services' approaches to conducting GMT. The authors identified GMT requirements directed by law and policy and interviewed service AC and RC subject-matter experts
    Note: "National Defense Research Institute , "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , Includes bibliographical references (pages 93-100)
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    What works best when building partner capacity and under what circumstances? (2012)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833078506 , 0833083155 , 083307850X , 9780833083159
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiv, 101 pages)
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Keywords: Security Assistance Program ; Military assistance, American ; Security Assistance Program ; Military assistance, American ; Military & Naval Science ; Armies ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military assistance, American ; Security Assistance Program ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Security (National & International) ; United States ; Military relations ; United States Military relations ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The United States has a long history of helping other nations develop and improve their military and other security forces. However, changing economic realities and the ongoing reductions in overall defense spending related to the end of more than a decade of war will affect the funding available for these initiatives. How can the U.S. Department of Defense increase the effectiveness of its efforts to build partner capacity while also increasing the efficiency of those efforts? And what can the history of U.S. efforts to build partner capacity reveal about which approaches are likely to be more or less effective under different circumstances? To tackle these complex questions and form a base of evidence to inform policy discussions and investment decisions, a RAND study collected and compared 20 years of data on 29 historical case studies of U.S. involvement in building partner capacity. In the process, it tested a series of validating factors and hypotheses (many of which are rooted in "common knowledge") to determine how they stand up to real-world case examples of partner capacity building. The results reveal nuances in outcomes and context, pointing to solutions and recommendations to increase the effectiveness of current and future U.S. initiatives to forge better relationships, improve the security and stability of partner countries, and meet U.S. policy and security objectives worldwide
    Abstract: The United States has a long history of helping other nations develop and improve their military and other security forces. However, changing economic realities and the ongoing reductions in overall defense spending related to the end of more than a decade of war will affect the funding available for these initiatives. How can the U.S. Department of Defense increase the effectiveness of its efforts to build partner capacity while also increasing the efficiency of those efforts? And what can the history of U.S. efforts to build partner capacity reveal about which approaches are likely to be more or less effective under different circumstances? To tackle these complex questions and form a base of evidence to inform policy discussions and investment decisions, a RAND study collected and compared 20 years of data on 29 historical case studies of U.S. involvement in building partner capacity. In the process, it tested a series of validating factors and hypotheses (many of which are rooted in "common knowledge") to determine how they stand up to real-world case examples of partner capacity building. The results reveal nuances in outcomes and context, pointing to solutions and recommendations to increase the effectiveness of current and future U.S. initiatives to forge better relationships, improve the security and stability of partner countries, and meet U.S. policy and security objectives worldwide
    Note: "RAND National Defense Research Institute , "This research was ... conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references (pages 99-101)
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    Characterizing and exploring the implications of maritime irregular warfare (2012)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833059222 , 083305922X , 9780833059246 , 0833059246 , 9780833058911 , 0833058916 , 9780833059239 , 0833059238
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxv, 111 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand corporation monograph series
    Parallel Title: Print version Characterizing and exploring the implications of maritime irregular warfare
    Keywords: Riverine operations Case studies ; Piracy Case studies Prevention ; Maritime terrorism Case studies Prevention ; Irregular warfare Case studies ; Naval art and science ; Riverine operations ; Piracy ; Maritime terrorism ; Irregular warfare ; Naval art and science ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Marine & Naval ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; HISTORY ; Military ; Naval ; Irregular warfare ; Naval art and science ; Piracy ; Prevention ; Riverine operations ; United States ; Case studies ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Introduction -- What Is Maritime Irregular Warfare? -- The Case of Operation Enduring Freedom-Philippines -- A Comparative Historical Analysis of Maritime Irregular Warfare -- Adversary Capabilities in Maritime Irregular Warfare -- Conclusions and Recommendations
    Abstract: Introduction -- What Is Maritime Irregular Warfare? -- The Case of Operation Enduring Freedom-Philippines -- A Comparative Historical Analysis of Maritime Irregular Warfare -- Adversary Capabilities in Maritime Irregular Warfare -- Conclusions and Recommendations
    Note: "Rand National Defense Research Institute , "Prepared for the United States Navy; approved for public release; distribution unlimited , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 69
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    Assessing freedom of movement for counterinsurgency campaigns (2012)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833059062 , 0833077775 , 0833059068 , 9780833077776
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xix, 70 pages)
    Series Statement: Technical report TR-1014-USFOR-A
    Parallel Title: Print version Assessing freedom of movement for counterinsurgency campaigns
    DDC: 355.02/18
    Keywords: Freedom of movement ; Counterinsurgency ; Freedom of movement ; Counterinsurgency ; Military Science - General ; Afghanistan ; Freedom of movement ; Counterinsurgency ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Freedom of movement (FoM) is the actual or perceived degree to which individuals or groups can move from place to place within a given environment or into and out of that environment. FoM is clearly an important consideration in the development of counterinsurgency tactics, operations, and strategies, but it is addressed infrequently and inconsistently in the doctrine and literature on counterinsurgency. A consistent, comprehensive definition of FoM must take into account the range of complexities and challenges posed by the operating environment, as well as the practical reality that FoM means something different to different groups. Focusing specifically on Afghanistan, this examination considers actual and perceived FoM for civilians, coalition and Afghan security forces, government officials, nongovernmental organizations, and insurgents and profiles the factors that influence these groups and affect data reporting in potentially misleading ways. It also serves as a guide for a bottom-up approach to developing sustainable FoM assessment processes that consider the range of variables that can enable and inhibit actual freedom to move and that can affect the subsequent analysis of FoM data. A historical and global review of a sample of the FoM assessment literature and interviews with assessment experts also clarify best practices and gaps in knowledge and capability that assessment staffs could address
    Abstract: Freedom of movement (FoM) is the actual or perceived degree to which individuals or groups can move from place to place within a given environment or into and out of that environment. FoM is clearly an important consideration in the development of counterinsurgency tactics, operations, and strategies, but it is addressed infrequently and inconsistently in the doctrine and literature on counterinsurgency. A consistent, comprehensive definition of FoM must take into account the range of complexities and challenges posed by the operating environment, as well as the practical reality that FoM means something different to different groups. Focusing specifically on Afghanistan, this examination considers actual and perceived FoM for civilians, coalition and Afghan security forces, government officials, nongovernmental organizations, and insurgents and profiles the factors that influence these groups and affect data reporting in potentially misleading ways. It also serves as a guide for a bottom-up approach to developing sustainable FoM assessment processes that consider the range of variables that can enable and inhibit actual freedom to move and that can affect the subsequent analysis of FoM data. A historical and global review of a sample of the FoM assessment literature and interviews with assessment experts also clarify best practices and gaps in knowledge and capability that assessment staffs could address
    Note: "Prepared for U.S. Forces-Afghanistan , "National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references (pages 59-70)
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    Using social media to gauge Iranian public opinion and mood after the 2009 election (2012)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833059727 , 0833059890 , 0833059726 , 9780833059895
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxi, 86 pages)
    Series Statement: Technical report
    Parallel Title: Print version Using social media to gauge Iranian public opinion and mood after the 2009 election
    Keywords: Twitter ; Twitter ; Public opinion ; Social media Political aspects ; Social media Political aspects ; Research ; Presidents Election 2009 ; Public opinion ; Public opinion ; Social media ; Social media ; Presidents ; Twitter ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Political Process ; Elections ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Political Process ; General ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; General ; Presidents ; Election ; Public opinion ; Public opinion ; Social media ; Political aspects ; Government - Non-U.S ; Law, Politics & Government ; Government - Asia ; Iran ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Preface -- Figures and Table -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Analysis of Social Media Can Help Gauge Public Opinion and Mood in Closed Societies -- A New Computer-Based Tool Offers a Promising Means of Tapping into Politically Oriented Content in Social Media -- This Type of Analysis Can Have Important Policy Uses -- Organization of This Report -- Methodology -- The Precedent for Our Approach: Previous Research Using LIWC and Word-Usage Analysis -- LIWC Has Been Shown to Accurately Represent Verbal Expression -- The Real Potential of Exploring Word Usage Lies in Its Links with Behaviors and Outcomes -- Word Usage Is Now Being Studied in Politically Oriented Contexts -- Our Research Process -- Planning Tasks: Understanding the Sphere of Relevant Social Media -- Selecting Twitter Texts -- Selecting Iran-Relevant Political Topics -- Selecting the LIWC Word Categories to Use in Our Analysis and Defining How We Would Interpret Them -- Background on Social Media Use in Iran and Events Surrounding the 2009 Election -- Social Media Use in Contemporary Iran -- The Scale of Internet and Social Media Usage in Contemporary Iran -- Who Is Using Social Media in Iran? -- The Anonymity Factor -- The Iranian Information Environment Prior to the 2009 Presidential Election -- The Use of Social Media During the 2009 Presidential Election in Iran -- The Role of Social Media in Iran's Internal Politics Grew Rapidly After the 2009 Presidential Election -- Major Events in Iran During the Post-Election Period -- The Rise of Mass Protests -- June 19: Khamenei's Friday Prayer Speech -- June 20: Neda Agha-Soltan's Death -- July 9: Anniversary of the 1999 Student Uprisings -- August 5: Ahmadinejad's Inauguration -- September 18: Quds Day -- Late December: Ashura Day Protests -- February 11, 2010: 31st Anniversary of the Islamic Revolution -- Overall Trends in Public Mood in Iran After the 2009 Presidential Election -- Public Mood Throughout the Nine Months After the Election -- Twitter's Clearest Indicator of Mood and Forecaster of Action: Swear Words -- Use of Pronouns on Twitter After the Election -- Summary -- Iranian Public Opinion About Specific Topics in the Aftermath of the 2009 Election -- Public Opinion Leading Domestic Political Figures: Ahmadinejad, Khamenei, Mousavi, and Karroubi -- Summary -- Background -- Comparing Trends in Public Opinion About Political Figures -- Around the Quds Day Protest, Twitter Users Wrote More Negatively About Khamenei Than About Ahmadinejad -- At Certain Points, Twitter Users Wrote More Positively and Less Negatively About Karroubi Than About Mousavi -- Initially, Twitter Users Swore More About Ahmadinejad Than About Mousavi, but the Opposite Became True -- Policy Implications -- Pro-Government and Opposition Groups: The Green Movement, the Revolutionary Guards, and the Basij -- Summary -- Background -- Comparing Trends in Public Opinion About Political Groups -- The Green Movement Was Viewed More Positively Than the Revolutionary Guards or Basij -- Twitter Users Swore More About the Basij Than About the Revolutionary Guards -- Public Opinion About the United States, President Obama, and the CIA -- Summary -- Usage of Swear Words Suggests Early Frustration with the United States and President Obama, as Well as a Strong Desire for U.S. Action -- Usage of First-Person Singular Pronouns Regarding the United States and President Obama Generally Paralleled Usage of Swear Words -- Pronoun Use When Writing About Obama as Compared with Iranian Figures -- Twitter Users Expressed Less Negative Emotion When Writing About Obama as Compared with Iranian Figures -- Positive Emotions in Tweets About Obama Showed Several Pronounced Spikes Compared with Tweets About the United States -- Some Twitter Users Pointed to Foreign Influence, Particularly Intelligence Agencies, as the Driving Force Behind Protests -- Public Opinion About Specific Countries: Israel, the United States, and Iran -- Summary -- Twitter Users Only Infrequently Swore Regarding Israel or the United States -- Twitter Users Swore More When Referring to the "Islamic Republic" Than to "Iran" -- Twitter Users Expressed Positive Emotions Toward Israelis Who May Have Aided the Protest Movement -- Methodological Considerations -- Additional Demonstration of the Methodology: Sadness Words -- Linguistic Indicators That Did Not Work as Expected on Twitter -- Differences in Phrasing May Reflect Differing Intentions and Writing Styles -- Limitations of Automated Analysis Suggest That It Is a Complementary Approach to Manual Analysis -- Next Steps: A Design for a Second Phase of This Program of Research -- Looking Ahead Toward the 2013 Iranian Presidential Elections -- Validating the Methodology -- Improving Current Aspects of the Methodology -- Expanding the Scope of the Current Work -- Additional Details Regarding Methodology: Data Collection and Analysis -- References
    Abstract: Preface -- Figures and Table -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Analysis of Social Media Can Help Gauge Public Opinion and Mood in Closed Societies -- A New Computer-Based Tool Offers a Promising Means of Tapping into Politically Oriented Content in Social Media -- This Type of Analysis Can Have Important Policy Uses -- Organization of This Report -- Methodology -- The Precedent for Our Approach: Previous Research Using LIWC and Word-Usage Analysis -- LIWC Has Been Shown to Accurately Represent Verbal Expression -- The Real Potential of Exploring Word Usage Lies in Its Links with Behaviors and Outcomes -- Word Usage Is Now Being Studied in Politically Oriented Contexts -- Our Research Process -- Planning Tasks: Understanding the Sphere of Relevant Social Media -- Selecting Twitter Texts -- Selecting Iran-Relevant Political Topics -- Selecting the LIWC Word Categories to Use in Our Analysis and Defining How We Would Interpret Them -- Background on Social Media Use in Iran and Events Surrounding the 2009 Election -- Social Media Use in Contemporary Iran -- The Scale of Internet and Social Media Usage in Contemporary Iran -- Who Is Using Social Media in Iran? -- The Anonymity Factor -- The Iranian Information Environment Prior to the 2009 Presidential Election -- The Use of Social Media During the 2009 Presidential Election in Iran -- The Role of Social Media in Iran's Internal Politics Grew Rapidly After the 2009 Presidential Election -- Major Events in Iran During the Post-Election Period -- The Rise of Mass Protests -- June 19: Khamenei's Friday Prayer Speech -- June 20: Neda Agha-Soltan's Death -- July 9: Anniversary of the 1999 Student Uprisings -- August 5: Ahmadinejad's Inauguration -- September 18: Quds Day -- Late December: Ashura Day Protests -- February 11, 2010: 31st Anniversary of the Islamic Revolution -- Overall Trends in Public Mood in Iran After the 2009 Presidential Election -- Public Mood Throughout the Nine Months After the Election -- Twitter's Clearest Indicator of Mood and Forecaster of Action: Swear Words -- Use of Pronouns on Twitter After the Election -- Summary -- Iranian Public Opinion About Specific Topics in the Aftermath of the 2009 Election -- Public Opinion Leading Domestic Political Figures: Ahmadinejad, Khamenei, Mousavi, and Karroubi -- Summary -- Background -- Comparing Trends in Public Opinion About Political Figures -- Around the Quds Day Protest, Twitter Users Wrote More Negatively About Khamenei Than About Ahmadinejad -- At Certain Points, Twitter Users Wrote More Positively and Less Negatively About Karroubi Than About Mousavi -- Initially, Twitter Users Swore More About Ahmadinejad Than About Mousavi, but the Opposite Became True -- Policy Implications -- Pro-Government and Opposition Groups: The Green Movement, the Revolutionary Guards, and the Basij -- Summary -- Background -- Comparing Trends in Public Opinion About Political Groups -- The Green Movement Was Viewed More Positively Than the Revolutionary Guards or Basij -- Twitter Users Swore More About the Basij Than About the Revolutionary Guards -- Public Opinion About the United States, President Obama, and the CIA -- Summary -- Usage of Swear Words Suggests Early Frustration with the United States and President Obama, as Well as a Strong Desire for U.S. Action -- Usage of First-Person Singular Pronouns Regarding the United States and President Obama Generally Paralleled Usage of Swear Words -- Pronoun Use When Writing About Obama as Compared with Iranian Figures -- Twitter Users Expressed Less Negative Emotion When Writing About Obama as Compared with Iranian Figures -- Positive Emotions in Tweets About Obama Showed Several Pronounced Spikes Compared with Tweets About the United States -- Some Twitter Users Pointed to Foreign Influence, Particularly Intelligence Agencies, as the Driving Force Behind Protests -- Public Opinion About Specific Countries: Israel, the United States, and Iran -- Summary -- Twitter Users Only Infrequently Swore Regarding Israel or the United States -- Twitter Users Swore More When Referring to the "Islamic Republic" Than to "Iran" -- Twitter Users Expressed Positive Emotions Toward Israelis Who May Have Aided the Protest Movement -- Methodological Considerations -- Additional Demonstration of the Methodology: Sadness Words -- Linguistic Indicators That Did Not Work as Expected on Twitter -- Differences in Phrasing May Reflect Differing Intentions and Writing Styles -- Limitations of Automated Analysis Suggest That It Is a Complementary Approach to Manual Analysis -- Next Steps: A Design for a Second Phase of This Program of Research -- Looking Ahead Toward the 2013 Iranian Presidential Elections -- Validating the Methodology -- Improving Current Aspects of the Methodology -- Expanding the Scope of the Current Work -- Additional Details Regarding Methodology: Data Collection and Analysis -- References
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 71
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    Rapid acquisition and fielding for information assurance and cyber security in the Navy (2012)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833078551 , 0833083481 , 0833078550 , 9780833083487
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiii, 78 pages)
    Series Statement: Technical report TR-1294-NAVY
    Parallel Title: Print version Porche, Isaac, 1968- Rapid acquisition and fielding for information assurance and cyber security in the Navy
    Keywords: United States Planning ; United States Information technology ; United States Procurement ; United States ; United States ; United States ; Government purchasing Law and legislation ; Computer security ; Cyberterrorism Prevention ; Computer software Purchasing ; Computers Purchasing ; Defense contracts ; Government purchasing ; Computer security ; Cyberterrorism ; Computer software ; Computers ; Defense contracts ; Defense contracts ; Government purchasing ; Law and legislation ; Armed Forces ; Planning ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Naval Science - General ; United States ; COMPUTERS ; Internet ; Security ; Armed Forces ; Procurement ; Computer security ; Computer software ; Purchasing ; United States ; Computers ; Purchasing ; Cyberterrorism ; Prevention ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Identifying an agile and adaptable acquisition process that can field new information technology capabilities and services in relatively short and responsive time frames is a pressing issue for the U.S. Navy. Damaging malware can mutate within hours or days, requiring a defense that is sufficiently responsive to mitigate each variant. The Navy's Program Manager, Warfare (PMW) 130, an office in the Navy's Program Executive Office for Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence, is focused on rapidly and proactively fielding innovative capabilities to stay ahead of cyber threats. It requires an acquisition and fielding cycle that can deliver hardware security products within 12-18 months, software security products within six to 12 months, and incremental development for both hardware and software every three months. These time frames are far shorter than the Navy's traditional acquisition cycle time, which can be 36 months from concept approval to initial operational capability or eight to ten years for full operational capability. With a focus on these goals, a RAND study sought to identify ways to accelerate or bypass the traditional acquisition process in response to the unique demands of PMW 130 information technology and cyber programs, with lessons derived from and recommendations applicable to programs across the U.S. Department of Defense
    Abstract: Identifying an agile and adaptable acquisition process that can field new information technology capabilities and services in relatively short and responsive time frames is a pressing issue for the U.S. Navy. Damaging malware can mutate within hours or days, requiring a defense that is sufficiently responsive to mitigate each variant. The Navy's Program Manager, Warfare (PMW) 130, an office in the Navy's Program Executive Office for Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence, is focused on rapidly and proactively fielding innovative capabilities to stay ahead of cyber threats. It requires an acquisition and fielding cycle that can deliver hardware security products within 12-18 months, software security products within six to 12 months, and incremental development for both hardware and software every three months. These time frames are far shorter than the Navy's traditional acquisition cycle time, which can be 36 months from concept approval to initial operational capability or eight to ten years for full operational capability. With a focus on these goals, a RAND study sought to identify ways to accelerate or bypass the traditional acquisition process in response to the unique demands of PMW 130 information technology and cyber programs, with lessons derived from and recommendations applicable to programs across the U.S. Department of Defense
    Note: "Prepared for the United States Navy , "National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references (pages 73-78)
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  • 72
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    Implementation of the Common Core State Standards : recommendations for the Department of Defense Education Activity Schools (2012)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833078223 , 0833078224 , 9780833078230 , 0833078240 , 0833078232 , 0833077856 , 9780833077851 , 9780833078247
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Occasional paper OP-384-OSD
    Parallel Title: Print version Saavedra, Anna Rosefsky Implementation of the Common Core State Standards
    Keywords: United States ; United States ; Military post schools, American Standards ; Military post schools, American ; Military & Naval Science ; Education ; Law, Politics & Government ; Social Sciences ; Military Science - General ; Education, Special Topics ; United States ; EDUCATION ; Curricula ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "The Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) recently joined 45 states, the District of Columbia, Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands in adopting the Common Core State Standards (CCSS), implementation of which requires a transition of curriculum, instruction, professional development, and assessments from the current system of standards to a new one that promotes higher-order thinking and communication skills. In light of this adoption, the authors draw on prior literature on the implementation of large-scale educational reforms to frame CCSS implementation in terms of eight core tasks, each tailored to the DoDEA context. These tasks are based on a synthesis of scale-up efforts from 15 diverse, large-scale reforms
    Abstract: "The Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) recently joined 45 states, the District of Columbia, Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands in adopting the Common Core State Standards (CCSS), implementation of which requires a transition of curriculum, instruction, professional development, and assessments from the current system of standards to a new one that promotes higher-order thinking and communication skills. In light of this adoption, the authors draw on prior literature on the implementation of large-scale educational reforms to frame CCSS implementation in terms of eight core tasks, each tailored to the DoDEA context. These tasks are based on a synthesis of scale-up efforts from 15 diverse, large-scale reforms
    Note: "National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 73
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    A strategy-based framework for accommodating reductions in the defense budget (2012)
    Santa Monica, Calif : Rand Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833076861 , 0833079751 , 0833076868 , 9780833079756
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvi, 46 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation occasional paper series OP-379-OSD
    Parallel Title: Print version Strategy-based framework for accommodating reductions in the defense budget
    Keywords: United States Appropriations and expenditures ; United States Planning ; United States ; United States ; National security ; Military planning ; National security ; Military planning ; Military planning ; Military policy ; National security ; Planning ; United States ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; Treaties ; United States ; Armed Forces ; Finance ; Expenditures, Public ; United States Military policy ; United States Armed Forces ; Finance ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This paper suggests an approach for how the Department of Defense (DoD) might execute deep reductions in the defense budget, deep enough that stated defense strategy could not be fully resourced. The cuts examined go beyond the $487 billion announced in January 2012 by Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta. The authors do not argue for or against further reductions. They posit that the ongoing pressure to reduce the federal budget deficit may mandate further reductions in the DoD budget. In this context, they suggest starting from a strategic basis in determining the reductions, prioritizing challenges, and identifying where to accept more risk in the process. The paper demonstrates this method with three illustrative strategic directions that might guide the department in choosing which forces and programs to reduce or to protect while making explicit the risks involved. It builds on the strategic guidance of January 2012, Sustaining U.S. Global Leadership: Priorities for 21st Century Defense. It is intended to inform the debate that will likely take place over the coming months, and years, on how to cope with pressure to reduce the defense budget further while limiting risk to U.S. national security
    Abstract: This paper suggests an approach for how the Department of Defense (DoD) might execute deep reductions in the defense budget, deep enough that stated defense strategy could not be fully resourced. The cuts examined go beyond the $487 billion announced in January 2012 by Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta. The authors do not argue for or against further reductions. They posit that the ongoing pressure to reduce the federal budget deficit may mandate further reductions in the DoD budget. In this context, they suggest starting from a strategic basis in determining the reductions, prioritizing challenges, and identifying where to accept more risk in the process. The paper demonstrates this method with three illustrative strategic directions that might guide the department in choosing which forces and programs to reduce or to protect while making explicit the risks involved. It builds on the strategic guidance of January 2012, Sustaining U.S. Global Leadership: Priorities for 21st Century Defense. It is intended to inform the debate that will likely take place over the coming months, and years, on how to cope with pressure to reduce the defense budget further while limiting risk to U.S. national security
    Note: "National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references (pages 45-46)
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  • 74
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    All glory is fleeting : insights from the Second Lebanon War (2012)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833079497 , 0833079492
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxii, 97 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation monograph series MG-708-1-JFCOM
    DDC: 956.9204/4
    Keywords: Lebanon War, 2006 Evaluation ; Military planning Evaluation ; Strategy Evaluation ; Lebanon War, 2006 ; Military planning ; Strategy ; Military policy ; Evaluation ; Military planning ; Evaluation ; Israel ; Lebanon War (2006) ; Lebanon ; Evaluation ; Israel Military policy ; Evaluation ; Israel ; Electronic books
    Abstract: A Hizballah raid along the Lebanon-Israel border on July 12, 2006, resulted in the capture of two Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) soldiers and others killed and wounded. The response from Jerusalem was both quick and violent, surprising Hizballah's leadership and triggering the month-long Second Lebanon War. The event left the IDF a chastened force and Israel an introspective nation. The IDF's efforts to learn from the war and correct recognized deficiencies began immediately. This book draws on information provided by serving IDF personnel during a March 2007 conference held in Tel Aviv, interviews with retired IDF officers, and written sources. The analysis first reviews identified shortfalls, then offers an external perspective to provide further thoughts on sources of difficulties and analyze what the conflict offers the U.S. military in the way of lessons that might assist as it confronts operational challenges today and in the future
    Abstract: A Hizballah raid along the Lebanon-Israel border on July 12, 2006, resulted in the capture of two Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) soldiers and others killed and wounded. The response from Jerusalem was both quick and violent, surprising Hizballah's leadership and triggering the month-long Second Lebanon War. The event left the IDF a chastened force and Israel an introspective nation. The IDF's efforts to learn from the war and correct recognized deficiencies began immediately. This book draws on information provided by serving IDF personnel during a March 2007 conference held in Tel Aviv, interviews with retired IDF officers, and written sources. The analysis first reviews identified shortfalls, then offers an external perspective to provide further thoughts on sources of difficulties and analyze what the conflict offers the U.S. military in the way of lessons that might assist as it confronts operational challenges today and in the future
    Note: "National Defense Research Institute , "Prepared for the United States Joint Forces Command , Includes bibliographical references (pages 87-97)
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  • 75
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    Allocating Marine Expeditionary Unit equipment and personnel to minimize shortfalls (2012)
    Santa Monica, CA : Rand Corporation
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833076199 , 0833084577 , 0833080741 , 0833076191 , 9780833080745 , 9780833084576
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxvi, 120 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation technical report series TR-1253-OSD
    Parallel Title: Print version Allocating Marine Expeditionary Unit equipment and personnel to minimize shortfalls
    Keywords: United States Equipment ; United States ; United States ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Armed Forces ; Equipment and supplies ; Electronic books
    Abstract: For various reasons, including the commander's priorities and expected mission requirements, U.S. Marine Corps amphibious lift requirements, that is, the space needed on ships to transport equipment for a given mission, may exceed the U.S. Navy's lift capacity. Thus, Marine Expeditionary Units (MEUs) afloat generally do not have all their support personnel and equipment on board. What is the impact of this shortfall on a MEU's ability to complete the tasks associated with its mission, especially when the mission includes reconstruction and stabilization operations? Close examination reveals that, in general, MEUs do not fail as a result of these equipment shortfalls; Marine Corps commanders are able to make use of the equipment they have in innovative and creative ways to accomplish the tasks at hand. However, equipment shortfalls do force shortcuts and sometimes sacrifice the quality and speed of task completion. This report describes the development of an automated tool for allocating both equipment and personnel to complete the tasks associated with 15 MEU missions, highlighting the associated equipment implications
    Abstract: For various reasons, including the commander's priorities and expected mission requirements, U.S. Marine Corps amphibious lift requirements, that is, the space needed on ships to transport equipment for a given mission, may exceed the U.S. Navy's lift capacity. Thus, Marine Expeditionary Units (MEUs) afloat generally do not have all their support personnel and equipment on board. What is the impact of this shortfall on a MEU's ability to complete the tasks associated with its mission, especially when the mission includes reconstruction and stabilization operations? Close examination reveals that, in general, MEUs do not fail as a result of these equipment shortfalls; Marine Corps commanders are able to make use of the equipment they have in innovative and creative ways to accomplish the tasks at hand. However, equipment shortfalls do force shortcuts and sometimes sacrifice the quality and speed of task completion. This report describes the development of an automated tool for allocating both equipment and personnel to complete the tasks associated with 15 MEU missions, highlighting the associated equipment implications
    Note: "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , "RAND National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references (pages 119-120)
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  • 76
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    The extent of restrictions on the service of active-component military women (2012)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833059697 , 0833079662 , 0833059696 , 9780833079664
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xviii, 126 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation monograph series
    Parallel Title: Print version Extent of restrictions on the service of active-component military women
    DDC: 355.3082/0973
    Keywords: Military Administration ; United States ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Armed Forces ; Occupational specialties ; Armed Forces ; Personnel management ; Armed Forces ; Women ; United States Armed Forces ; Women ; United States Armed Forces ; Occupational specialties ; United States Armed Forces ; Personnel management ; United States ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Despite a historical increase in the role of women in the U.S. military, including in operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, gender-based policies continue to affect the positions they can fill. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011 mandated a review of laws, policies, and regulations that may restrict the service of military women to determine whether changes are needed to ensure equitable opportunity to compete and excel in the armed forces; in response, the U.S. Department of Defense established the Women in the Services Review. To support this effort, RAND researchers analyzed service data to describe and quantify the military occupations that are closed to women, as well as occupations that are open but have some positions that are closed to women. The study also examined a few of the open occupations in greater depth to further characterize the nature of the restrictions and to illuminate the potential career implications of assignment policies. Most positions that are closed to women are located in Army and Marine Corps units and occupations that have a primary mission of engaging in direct ground combat
    Abstract: Despite a historical increase in the role of women in the U.S. military, including in operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, gender-based policies continue to affect the positions they can fill. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011 mandated a review of laws, policies, and regulations that may restrict the service of military women to determine whether changes are needed to ensure equitable opportunity to compete and excel in the armed forces; in response, the U.S. Department of Defense established the Women in the Services Review. To support this effort, RAND researchers analyzed service data to describe and quantify the military occupations that are closed to women, as well as occupations that are open but have some positions that are closed to women. The study also examined a few of the open occupations in greater depth to further characterize the nature of the restrictions and to illuminate the potential career implications of assignment policies. Most positions that are closed to women are located in Army and Marine Corps units and occupations that have a primary mission of engaging in direct ground combat
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 121-126) , English
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  • 77
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    An assessment of the civilian acquisition workforce personnel demonstration project (2012)
    Santa Monica, Calif : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833076878 , 0833083597 , 0833076876 , 9780833083593
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxii, 85 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation technical report series TR-1286-OSD
    Parallel Title: Print version Assessment of the civilian acquisition workforce personnel demonstration project
    Keywords: United States Procurement ; Management ; United States Personnel management ; Evaluation ; United States ; United States ; Human capital Government policy ; Civil service Personnel management ; Human capital ; Civil service ; Civil service ; Personnel management ; Human capital ; Government policy ; Personnel management ; Evaluation ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Administration ; United States ; United States ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Decision-Making & Problem Solving ; Armed Forces ; Procurement ; Management ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "The vast majority of U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and federal civilian employees work on the General Schedule (GS) personnel system. However, some concerns have been raised about the GS system, including perceptions that poorly performing employees are tolerated for extended periods of time and that monetary rewards are not directly linked to performance. In response to concerns of this nature, Congress has authorized some demonstration projects, in which additional flexibilities are provided, intending to produce better outcomes than if the employees were in the GS system. One such demonstration project, the DoD Civilian Acquisition Workforce Personnel Demonstration Project (AcqDemo), is the subject of this report. Implemented on February 7, 1999, AcqDemo is an effort to reengineer the civilian personnel system to meet the needs of the acquisition workforce and to facilitate the fulfillment of the DoD acquisition mission. Congress required an independent assessment of the program against 12 criteria by September 30, 2012. This report is that legislatively mandated assessment
    Note: "National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references (pages 83-85)
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  • 78
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    U.S. military information operations in Afghanistan : effectiveness of psychological operations 2001-2010 (2012)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833051547 , 0833051547 , 9780833051516 , 0833051563 , 0833051512 , 9780833051561
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxvi, 175 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation monograph series MG1060
    Parallel Title: Print version Munoz, Arturo, 1949- U.S. military information operations in Afghanistan
    Keywords: Afghan War, 2001- Psychological aspects ; Psychological warfare History 21st century ; Afghan War, 2001- Propaganda ; Afghan War, 2001- ; Psychological warfare ; Afghan War, 2001- ; Propaganda ; Psychological aspects ; Psychological warfare ; Regions & Countries - Asia & the Middle East ; History & Archaeology ; South Asia ; Afghan War (2001- ) ; HISTORY ; Military ; Afghan War (2001- ) ; United States ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; History ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The U.S. Marine Corps, which has long recognized the importance of influencing the civilian population in a counterinsurgency (COIN) environment, asked the RAND National Defense Research Institute to evaluate the effectiveness of U.S. military (USMIL) information operations (IO) and psychological operations (PSYOP) in Afghanistan from 2001 to 2010 based on how well messages and themes are tailored to target audiences. This monograph responds to that request. It should be emphasized that this report does not cover the significant changes in IO and PSYOP definitions, doctrine, organization, and implementation in the field that have taken place since 2010. When the text refers to the present, or the current situation, it generally means 2010
    Abstract: The U.S. Marine Corps, which has long recognized the importance of influencing the civilian population in a counterinsurgency (COIN) environment, asked the RAND National Defense Research Institute to evaluate the effectiveness of U.S. military (USMIL) information operations (IO) and psychological operations (PSYOP) in Afghanistan from 2001 to 2010 based on how well messages and themes are tailored to target audiences. This monograph responds to that request. It should be emphasized that this report does not cover the significant changes in IO and PSYOP definitions, doctrine, organization, and implementation in the field that have taken place since 2010. When the text refers to the present, or the current situation, it generally means 2010
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 165-175)
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  • 79
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    An assessment of the ability of U.S. Department of Defense and the services to measure and track language and culture training and capabilities among general purpose forces (2012)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833076670 , 0833083600 , 0833076671 , 9780833083609
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxi, 61 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation technical report series TR-1192-OSD
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Assessment of the ability of U.S. Department of Defense and the services to measure and track language and culture training and capabilities among general purpose forces
    Keywords: United States Personnel management ; Evaluation ; United States ; Cultural competence Government policy ; Evaluation ; Soldiers Education, Non-military ; Language and languages Study and teaching ; Military education Evaluation ; Cultural competence ; Soldiers ; Language and languages ; Military education ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Science - General ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Language and languages ; Study and teaching ; United States ; Military education ; Evaluation ; United States ; Personnel management ; Evaluation ; Soldiers ; Education, Non-military ; Military & Naval Science ; United States Armed Forces ; Officials and employees ; Education ; United States Armed Forces ; Personnel management ; Evaluation ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "The purpose of this research was to assess the ability of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) to measure and track language, regional expertise, and culture (LREC) capabilities and training among general purpose forces (GPF). The research tasks addressed four specific questions: 1. According to the best available data, what is the relevance of LREC training and capabilities to overall unit readiness and mission accomplishment? 2. How does DoD currently track the LREC training and capabilities of GPF? 3. Does this tracking adequately reflect unit readiness and the ability to accomplish missions? 4. If not, how can DoD improve tracking of LREC training and capabilities to adequately reflect unit readiness? To address these questions, the study team reviewed DoD policies and directives and the available academic literature, conducted interviews of practitioners and policymakers, and analyzed available survey data. This report presents the results of the study. This research should be of interest to policymakers interested in LREC skills and training, as well as those interested in readiness requirements."--Preface
    Abstract: "The purpose of this research was to assess the ability of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) to measure and track language, regional expertise, and culture (LREC) capabilities and training among general purpose forces (GPF). The research tasks addressed four specific questions: 1. According to the best available data, what is the relevance of LREC training and capabilities to overall unit readiness and mission accomplishment? 2. How does DoD currently track the LREC training and capabilities of GPF? 3. Does this tracking adequately reflect unit readiness and the ability to accomplish missions? 4. If not, how can DoD improve tracking of LREC training and capabilities to adequately reflect unit readiness? To address these questions, the study team reviewed DoD policies and directives and the available academic literature, conducted interviews of practitioners and policymakers, and analyzed available survey data. This report presents the results of the study. This research should be of interest to policymakers interested in LREC skills and training, as well as those interested in readiness requirements."--Preface
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 57-61)
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  • 80
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    Libya's post-Qaddafi transition : the nation-building challenge (2012)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833078391 , 0833078399 , 9780833078384 , 0833078410 , 0833078380 , 9780833078414
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series RR-129-SRF
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Postwar reconstruction ; Nation-building ; Internal security ; Postwar reconstruction ; Nation-building ; Internal security ; Regions & Countries - Africa ; Nachkriegszeit ; Internal security ; Nation-building ; Libyen ; Libya ; Politics and government ; Postwar reconstruction ; HISTORY ; Asia ; India & South Asia ; HISTORY ; Africa ; North ; History & Archaeology ; Libya Politics and government 21st century ; Libya ; Electronic books
    Abstract: A year after Qaddafi's death, the light-footprint approach adopted for Libya's postwar transition is facing its most serious test. Security, the political transition, and economic development all present challenges. The security situation requires immediate attention and could worsen still. Until the militias are brought under state control, progress on other fronts will be very difficult to achieve. In most cases, the appropriate approach is a combination of incentives and broad-based negotiation between Tripoli and militia leaders. Only in extreme cases should the use of force be considered. On the political front, Libya and international actors deserve credit for the successful elections in July, but the political challenges ahead are significant. Libya still needs to write a constitution, and in doing so, it must determine the degree to which power is centralized in Tripoli and how to ensure inclusive yet stable governing institutions. Libya also needs to begin rethinking the management of its economy, and especially of its energy resources, to maximize the benefit to its citizens, reduce corruption, and enable private enterprise to flourish in other areas, such as tourism. Libya also needs sustained assistance, mainly technical in nature, from the countries that helped oust Qaddafi lest the transition run off the rails. Despite its role in helping topple Qaddafi, NATO is absent from Libya today. A greater role for the alliance is worth exploring, for example training Libyan security officials and forces and providing technical assistance for security-sector reform. An international Friends of Libya conference on assistance to Libya is warranted. Post-conflict transitions normally span years, and Libya's will be no different. Nevertheless, if current challenges are handled adroitly, Libya could still emerge as a positive force for democratic stability in North Africa and a valuable partner against al-Qaeda
    Abstract: A year after Qaddafi's death, the light-footprint approach adopted for Libya's postwar transition is facing its most serious test. Security, the political transition, and economic development all present challenges. The security situation requires immediate attention and could worsen still. Until the militias are brought under state control, progress on other fronts will be very difficult to achieve. In most cases, the appropriate approach is a combination of incentives and broad-based negotiation between Tripoli and militia leaders. Only in extreme cases should the use of force be considered. On the political front, Libya and international actors deserve credit for the successful elections in July, but the political challenges ahead are significant. Libya still needs to write a constitution, and in doing so, it must determine the degree to which power is centralized in Tripoli and how to ensure inclusive yet stable governing institutions. Libya also needs to begin rethinking the management of its economy, and especially of its energy resources, to maximize the benefit to its citizens, reduce corruption, and enable private enterprise to flourish in other areas, such as tourism. Libya also needs sustained assistance, mainly technical in nature, from the countries that helped oust Qaddafi lest the transition run off the rails. Despite its role in helping topple Qaddafi, NATO is absent from Libya today. A greater role for the alliance is worth exploring, for example training Libyan security officials and forces and providing technical assistance for security-sector reform. An international Friends of Libya conference on assistance to Libya is warranted. Post-conflict transitions normally span years, and Libya's will be no different. Nevertheless, if current challenges are handled adroitly, Libya could still emerge as a positive force for democratic stability in North Africa and a valuable partner against al-Qaeda
    Note: "This paper is the result of an ongoing research project on the future of post-Qaddafi Libya sponsored by the Smith Richardson Foundation and conducted within the International Security and Defense Center (ISDP) of the RAND National Security Research Division (NSRD)."--Page [20] , Includes bibliographical references (page 18)
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  • 81
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    Healthcare coverage and disability evaluation for reserve component personnel : research for the 11th Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation (2012)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833059369 , 0833079654 , 083305936X , 9780833079657
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xviii, 65 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation monograph series MG-1157-OSD
    Parallel Title: Print version Hosek, Susan D Healthcare coverage and disability evaluation for reserve component personnel
    Keywords: United States ; Health insurance Research ; Disability insurance Research ; Health insurance ; Disability insurance ; Insurance, Health ; Military Personnel ; Disability Evaluation ; Insurance, Disability ; Managed Care Programs ; Law, Politics & Government ; United States ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Health insurance ; Research ; Military Administration ; Military & Naval Science ; United States Armed Forces ; Reserves ; Medical care ; Research ; United States Armed Forces ; Reserves ; Pay, allowances, etc ; Research ; United States ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Because Reserve Component (RC) members have been increasingly used in an operational capacity, among the policy issues being addressed by the 11th Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation (QRMC) is compensation and benefits for the National Guard and Reserve. As part of the review, RAND was asked to analyze healthcare coverage and disability benefits for RC members, including participation in the TRICARE Reserve Select (TRS) program, the potential effects of national health reform on coverage rates, and disability evaluation outcomes for RC members. This report summarizes the results of RAND's analysis. The author finds that 30 percent of RC members lack health insurance to cover care for non-service-related conditions. The TRS program offers the option of purchasing health insurance through the military on terms that are superior to typical employer benefits. Although program participation has increased, it remains low and TRS does not appear to be effectively targeting those most likely to be uninsured. TRS premiums are also lower than the premiums for the new options that will be available under health reform and the same as the penalty for not being insured. So health reform is likely to increase TRS enrollment. Finally, previously deployed RC members are referred to the Disability Evaluation System at a much lower rate than Active Component (AC) members, even for deployment-related conditions, but those who are referred receive dispositions (and thus benefits) similar to those for AC members. These findings suggest that the Department of Defense may want to consider ways to better coordinate TRS with other insurance options that will be available to RC members and that the identification of RC members who experience health consequences from deployment leading to disability merits further investigation
    Abstract: Because Reserve Component (RC) members have been increasingly used in an operational capacity, among the policy issues being addressed by the 11th Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation (QRMC) is compensation and benefits for the National Guard and Reserve. As part of the review, RAND was asked to analyze healthcare coverage and disability benefits for RC members, including participation in the TRICARE Reserve Select (TRS) program, the potential effects of national health reform on coverage rates, and disability evaluation outcomes for RC members. This report summarizes the results of RAND's analysis. The author finds that 30 percent of RC members lack health insurance to cover care for non-service-related conditions. The TRS program offers the option of purchasing health insurance through the military on terms that are superior to typical employer benefits. Although program participation has increased, it remains low and TRS does not appear to be effectively targeting those most likely to be uninsured. TRS premiums are also lower than the premiums for the new options that will be available under health reform and the same as the penalty for not being insured. So health reform is likely to increase TRS enrollment. Finally, previously deployed RC members are referred to the Disability Evaluation System at a much lower rate than Active Component (AC) members, even for deployment-related conditions, but those who are referred receive dispositions (and thus benefits) similar to those for AC members. These findings suggest that the Department of Defense may want to consider ways to better coordinate TRS with other insurance options that will be available to RC members and that the identification of RC members who experience health consequences from deployment leading to disability merits further investigation
    Note: "National Defense Research Institute , "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , Includes bibliographical references (pages 63-65) , Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 29, 2012)
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  • 82
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    Analysis of financial support to the surviving spouses and children of casualties in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars (2012)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833077943 , 0833077945 , 9780833077967 , 0833077961 , 9780833076687 , 083307668X
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 36 pages)
    Series Statement: Technical report TR-1281-OSD
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Miller, Amalia R. (Amalia Rebecca), 1976-; Analysis of financial support to the surviving spouses and children of casualties in the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars.
    Parallel Title: Print version Miller, Amalia R. (Amalia Rebecca), 1976- Analysis of financial support to the surviving spouses and children of casualties in the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars
    Keywords: Military spouses Salaries, etc. ; Research ; United States. ; Survivors' benefits Research ; United States. ; Iraq War, 2003-2011 Casualties ; Research ; United States. ; Afghan War, 2001- Casualties ; Research ; United States. ; Iraq War, 2003-2011 Casualties ; Research ; Afghan War, 2001- Casualties ; Research ; Military spouses Salaries, etc ; Research ; Survivors' benefits Research ; Iraq War, 2003-2011 ; Afghan War, 2001- ; Military spouses ; Survivors' benefits ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Administration ; HISTORY ; Military ; General ; Iraq ; United States ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Human Resources & Personnel Management ; Afghan War (2001- ) ; HISTORY ; Middle East ; General ; Iraq War (2003-2011) ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This study examines how the deaths of service members during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have affected the subsequent labor market earnings of their surviving spouses and the extent to which survivor benefits provided by the Department of Defense, the Department of Veterans Affairs, and the Social Security Administration compensate for lost household earnings. It also assesses the extent to which payments that surviving spouses and children receive compensate for earnings losses attributable to combat deaths. The labor market earnings of households experiencing a combat death in the years following deployment are compared with those of deployed but uninjured service-member households. Because the risk of combat death is likely to be correlated with characteristics of service members that could themselves affect household labor market outcomes (e.g., pay grade, military occupation, risk-taking behavior), the study controlled for a rich array of individual-level characteristics, including labor market outcomes for both service members and spouses prior to deployment. This approach includes potentially unobserved factors that are unique to specific households and fixed over time and increases the likelihood that the results capture the causal effect of combat death on household earnings.
    Abstract: Introduction -- Data used in the study -- Empirical model -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusions
    Note: "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , "National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references (pages 35-36)
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  • 83
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    NATO and the challenges of austerity (2012)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833068491 , 0833068490 , 9780833068484 , 0833068482 , 9780833068477 , 0833068504 , 0833068474 , 9780833068507
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiii, 115 pages)
    Series Statement: Monograph / Rand Corporation
    Parallel Title: Print version NATO and the challenges of austerity
    DDC: 355/.031091821
    Keywords: North Atlantic Treaty Organization Armed Forces ; Operational readiness ; North Atlantic Treaty Organization Armed Forces ; Appropriations and expenditures ; North Atlantic Treaty Organization ; North Atlantic Treaty Organization ; Armed Forces ; Appropriations and expenditures ; Armed Forces ; Operational readiness ; Military policy ; North Atlantic Treaty Organization ; HISTORY ; Military ; Other ; Europe ; North America ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Security (National & International) ; Europe Armed Forces ; Appropriations and expenditures ; North America Armed Forces ; Appropriations and expenditures ; Europe Military policy ; North America Military policy ; Europe ; North America ; Europe ; North America ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "In the coming decade, NATO faces growing fiscal austerity and declining defense budgets. This study analyzes the impact of planned defense budget cuts on the capabilities of seven European members of NATO -- the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, and Poland -- that together represent more than 80 percent of NATO Europe's defense spending. The result of the anticipated cuts and future financial constraints is that the capacity of the major European powers to project military power will be highly constrained: The air, land, and sea forces of key U.S. European allies are rapidly reaching the point at which they can perform only one moderate-sized operation at a time and will be hard-pressed to meet the rotation requirements of a protracted, small-scale irregular warfare mission. Power projection and sustainment of significant forces outside Europe's immediate neighborhood will be particularly difficult. The authors discuss these challenges in a strategic context, including the operational and planning weaknesses exposed by NATO's intervention in Libya in 2011, and make recommendations for U.S. policy with regard to NATO."--Page 4 of cover
    Abstract: "In the coming decade, NATO faces growing fiscal austerity and declining defense budgets. This study analyzes the impact of planned defense budget cuts on the capabilities of seven European members of NATO -- the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, and Poland -- that together represent more than 80 percent of NATO Europe's defense spending. The result of the anticipated cuts and future financial constraints is that the capacity of the major European powers to project military power will be highly constrained: The air, land, and sea forces of key U.S. European allies are rapidly reaching the point at which they can perform only one moderate-sized operation at a time and will be hard-pressed to meet the rotation requirements of a protracted, small-scale irregular warfare mission. Power projection and sustainment of significant forces outside Europe's immediate neighborhood will be particularly difficult. The authors discuss these challenges in a strategic context, including the operational and planning weaknesses exposed by NATO's intervention in Libya in 2011, and make recommendations for U.S. policy with regard to NATO."--Page 4 of cover
    Note: "MG-1196-OSD"--Page 4 of cover , "National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references (pages 109-115)
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  • 84
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    Embracing the fog of war : assessment and metrics in counterinsurgency (2012)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833068385 , 0833068385 , 9780833058157 , 0833068407 , 0833058150 , 9780833068408
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxxi, 308 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation monograph series
    Parallel Title: Print version Connable, Ben Embracing the fog of war
    DDC: 355.02/180973
    Keywords: Counterinsurgency Evaluation ; Counterinsurgency ; HISTORY ; Revolutionary ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Intelligence & Espionage ; counterinsurgency ; Afghanistan ; United States ; Vietnam ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Campaign assessments help decisionmakers in the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), Congress, and the executive branch shape what tend to be difficult and lengthy counterinsurgency (COIN) campaigns. Assessment informs critical decisions, including the allocation of resources and major shifts in strategy. The complex and chaotic environment of the typical COIN campaign presents vexing challenges to assessment, and efforts to overcome these challenges are mired in an overreliance on aggregated quantitative data that are often inaccurate and misleading. This comprehensive examination of COIN assessment as practiced through early 2011, as described in the literature and doctrine, and as applied in two primary case studies (Vietnam and Afghanistan), reveals weaknesses and gaps in this centralized, quantitative approach. The author proposes an alternative process -- contextual assessment -- that accounts for the realities of the COIN environment and the needs of both policymakers and commanders. Since this manuscript was completed in mid-2011, various elements of DoD have published new doctrine on assessment, some of which addresses criticisms raised in this report. The International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan has also revamped its assessment process
    Abstract: Campaign assessments help decisionmakers in the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), Congress, and the executive branch shape what tend to be difficult and lengthy counterinsurgency (COIN) campaigns. Assessment informs critical decisions, including the allocation of resources and major shifts in strategy. The complex and chaotic environment of the typical COIN campaign presents vexing challenges to assessment, and efforts to overcome these challenges are mired in an overreliance on aggregated quantitative data that are often inaccurate and misleading. This comprehensive examination of COIN assessment as practiced through early 2011, as described in the literature and doctrine, and as applied in two primary case studies (Vietnam and Afghanistan), reveals weaknesses and gaps in this centralized, quantitative approach. The author proposes an alternative process -- contextual assessment -- that accounts for the realities of the COIN environment and the needs of both policymakers and commanders. Since this manuscript was completed in mid-2011, various elements of DoD have published new doctrine on assessment, some of which addresses criticisms raised in this report. The International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan has also revamped its assessment process
    Note: "National Defense Research Institute , "Prepared for the U.S. Department of Defense , Includes bibliographical references (pages 289-308)
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  • 85
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    Counterinsurgency scorecard : Afghanistan in early 2011 relative to the insurgencies of the past 30 years (2011)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833058119 , 0833058118 , 9780833052483 , 0833058134 , 0833052489 , 9780833058133
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 pages)
    Series Statement: Occasional paper OP-337-OSD
    Parallel Title: Print version Counterinsurgency Scorecard
    Keywords: Counterinsurgency ; Counterinsurgency ; HISTORY ; Military ; Other ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; COMPUTERS ; Data Modeling & Design ; Counterinsurgency ; Military & Naval Science ; Law - U.S ; Law, Politics & Government ; Law - U.S. - General ; Military Science - General ; Afghanistan ; Case studies ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The previously published RAND monograph, Victory Has a Thousand Fathers: Sources of Success in Counterinsurgency, used detailed case studies of the 30 insurgencies worldwide begun and completed between 1978 and 2008 to analyze correlates of success in counterinsurgency (COIN). A core finding was that a case's score on a scorecard of 15 equally weighted good and 12 equally weighted bad COIN factors and practices perfectly predicted the outcome of those 30 insurgencies. That is, the balance of good and bad factors and practices correlated with either a COIN win (insurgency loss) or a COIN loss (insurgency win) in the overall case. Using the scorecard approach as its foundation, a RAND project sought to extend the findings to the case of Afghanistan in early 2011. The effort involved an expert elicitation, or Delphi, exercise in which experts were asked to make "worst-case" assessments of the factors to complete the scorecard for ongoing operations in Afghanistan. The consensus results revealed that early 2011 Afghanistan scores in the middle of the historical record in terms of COIN wins and losses: its score was lower than that in the lowest-scoring historical COIN win but higher than that in the highest-scoring COIN loss. This suggests an uncertain outcome in Afghanistan, but the findings may help provide additional guidance as operations continue
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (page 19)
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  • 86
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    Alert and ready : an organizational design assessment of Marine Corps intelligence (2011)
    Santa Monica, Calif : RAND Corp
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833052605 , 0833052659 , 0833052608 , 9780833052650
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiv, 201 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation monograph series MG1108
    Keywords: United States Organization ; Evaluation ; United States ; Military intelligence ; Military intelligence ; HISTORY ; Military ; Biological & Chemical Warfare ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Intelligence & Espionage ; Military intelligence ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Marines ; Military Administration ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "As the U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) has grown in strength, it has needed to add intelligence capabilities. Since the end of the Cold War and, especially, since September 11, 2001, USMC intelligence has had to tailor its organization to meet the evolving demands of the operational environment. This has resulted in a number of ad hoc arrangements, practices, and organizations. A broad review of the organizational design of the USMC intelligence enterprise examined how to align it efficiently and effectively with current and future missions and functions. Specifically, the review, which included interviews with a range of USMC personnel and civilians, considered the organization of (and possible improvements to) the Intelligence Department, the Marine Corps Intelligence Activity, the intelligence organizations within the Marine Expeditionary Forces (specifically, the intelligence and radio battalions), and intelligence structures in the combat elements. A comparison of 48 organizational and functional issues with a series of USMC intelligence and functional issues resulted in a series of recommendations to help improve the "fit" of USMC intelligence organizations with their environmental context. In some cases, the service would benefit not from changing its intelligence structure but by realigning it; in other areas, restructuring would lend greater efficiency and effectiveness to the USMC intelligence enterprise."--Page 4 of cover
    Abstract: "As the U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) has grown in strength, it has needed to add intelligence capabilities. Since the end of the Cold War and, especially, since September 11, 2001, USMC intelligence has had to tailor its organization to meet the evolving demands of the operational environment. This has resulted in a number of ad hoc arrangements, practices, and organizations. A broad review of the organizational design of the USMC intelligence enterprise examined how to align it efficiently and effectively with current and future missions and functions. Specifically, the review, which included interviews with a range of USMC personnel and civilians, considered the organization of (and possible improvements to) the Intelligence Department, the Marine Corps Intelligence Activity, the intelligence organizations within the Marine Expeditionary Forces (specifically, the intelligence and radio battalions), and intelligence structures in the combat elements. A comparison of 48 organizational and functional issues with a series of USMC intelligence and functional issues resulted in a series of recommendations to help improve the "fit" of USMC intelligence organizations with their environmental context. In some cases, the service would benefit not from changing its intelligence structure but by realigning it; in other areas, restructuring would lend greater efficiency and effectiveness to the USMC intelligence enterprise."--Page 4 of cover
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 195-201)
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  • 87
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    The next supreme leader : succession in the Islamic Republic of Iran (2011)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833051349 , 0833051342 , 9780833051332 , 0833051997 , 0833051334 , 9780833051998
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiii, 99 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation monograph series MG-1052-OSD
    Parallel Title: Print version Nader, Alireza Next supreme leader
    Keywords: Heads of state Succession ; Forecasting ; Heads of state Succession ; Heads of state ; Heads of state ; Politics and government ; Forecasting ; Iran ; Heads of state ; Succession ; Politics and government ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; General ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Political Process ; General ; Iran Politics and government 1997- ; Iran Politics and government ; Forecasting ; Iran ; Iran ; Electronic books
    Abstract: As the commander in chief and highest political authority in Iran, the current Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, has played a critical role in the direction of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This has never been more true than during the tumultuous 2009 presidential elections, the outcome of which was determined by Khamenei's decisive support of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Only two men have held the position of Supreme Leader since the Islamic Republic of Iran was established in 1979: Khamenei and his predecessor, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. As Khamenei ages and rumors of his ill health intensify, U.S. policymakers and analysts need to consider the various scenarios for succession. The eventual outcome -- what the office of the Supreme Leader looks like in Khamenei's wake -- will determine the Islamic Republic's direction. The research documented in this monograph identifies three key factors that will shape succession of the next Supreme Leader and outlines five alternative scenarios for the post-Khamenei era. For each of the factors, it provides a set of indicators that observers can use to assess the most important trends. It situates all of this within the context of the June 2009 election. Because the context in which succession would occur becomes more uncertain the further into the future one looks, the authors focus on the near term -- i.e., a succession that would take place within the next two to three years. However, the authors also speculate about the changes that are likely to ensue in the longer term if Khamenei remains Supreme Leader for the next ten years or more. In light of the 2009 election, a status quo scenario seems most likely in the near term, and an absolutist scenario is a close second. The likelihood of longer-term succession scenarios is uncertain
    Abstract: Preface -- Figures -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- The Official Procedure for Selecting Iran's Supreme Leader Is Laid Out in the Iranian Constitution -- In Actuality, the Next Succession Is Likely to Occur in a Much Different Way -- The Factional Balance of Power -- The Prevailing View of Velayat-e Faghih -- Khamenei's Personal Network -- Other Potential Factors Are Not as Relevant if the Succession Happens in the Near Term -- The Trajectory of the Next Succession Will Hinge on How the Three Principal Factors Are Configured at the Time of Khamenei's Departure -- Methodology -- Roadmap of the Report -- Chapter 2. Factor 1: The Factional Balance of Power -- The Factional Landscape in Iran -- The Islamist Right -- The Islamist Left (Reformists) -- Since the Islamic Revolution, Factionalism Has Been More Influential Than Constitutional Process in Decisionmaking and Policymaking Within the Iranian Political System -- Khomeini Was Able to Keep Factional Jockeying Largely in Check -- Since Khamenei Came to Power in 1989, Factional Competition Has Grown Markedly in Both Intensity and Influence -- Chapter 3. Factor 2: The Prevailing View of Velayat-e Faghih -- The Absolute View of Velayat-e Faghih -- The Democratic View of Velayat-e Faghih -- The Quietist View of Velayat-e Faghih -- Since Each Faction Has a Different View of Velayat-e Faghih, Whichever Dominates Iran's Political Landscape Will Play a Decisive Role in Shaping Succession -- Chapter 4. Factor 3: Khamenei's Personal Network -- The Members of Khamenei's Personal Network -- The Supreme Leader Has Historically Maintained a Personal Network Instrumental in Making Key Political Decisions -- Khomeini's Personal Network Was the Main Driver of the 1989 Succession -- Since the Mid-1990s, Khamenei and His Personal Network Have Steadily Consolidated Authority and Are Now the Principal Decisionmakers in Iranian Politics -- Chapter 5. Five Scenarios for Succession of the Supreme Leader in the Near Term -- Indicators That Suggest How Factional Competition Is Evolving -- Indicators That Point to the Prevailing View of Velayat-e Faghih -- Indicators That Signal How Khamenei's Personal Network Is Developing and the Power It Holds -- The Configuration of the Three Factors as of 2011 -- Five Possible Scenarios for Succession of the Current Supreme Leader -- Status Quo: The Supreme Leader Remains Powerful But Not Omnipotent -- Absolutist: The Supreme Leader, a Dictator, Discards Elected Institutions -- Democratic: An Iranian-Stylized Islamic Democracy -- Leadership Council: An Executive Body Beholden to Qom -- Abolition: Demise of the Islamic Republic -- The "Wild Card" Factor: The Nature and Timing of Khamenei's Exit -- The Status Quo and Absolutist Scenarios Seem the Most Likely for the Next Succession -- Chapter 6. Succession of the Supreme Leader in the Longer Term -- The Longer-Term Effects of the 2009 Election -- The Configuration of the Three Factors Will Change -- Other Factors Will Also Influence Succession in the Longer Term -- The "Old Guard" Will Disappear and Be Replaced -- Domestic Issues Will Inevitably Evolve, Putting Pressure on the Nezam to Adapt -- Iran's Relationship with the United States Will Play a Role -- Chapter 7. Concluding Remarks -- Bibliography
    Abstract: Preface -- Figures -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- The Official Procedure for Selecting Iran's Supreme Leader Is Laid Out in the Iranian Constitution -- In Actuality, the Next Succession Is Likely to Occur in a Much Different Way -- The Factional Balance of Power -- The Prevailing View of Velayat-e Faghih -- Khamenei's Personal Network -- Other Potential Factors Are Not as Relevant if the Succession Happens in the Near Term -- The Trajectory of the Next Succession Will Hinge on How the Three Principal Factors Are Configured at the Time of Khamenei's Departure -- Methodology -- Roadmap of the Report -- Chapter 2. Factor 1: The Factional Balance of Power -- The Factional Landscape in Iran -- The Islamist Right -- The Islamist Left (Reformists) -- Since the Islamic Revolution, Factionalism Has Been More Influential Than Constitutional Process in Decisionmaking and Policymaking Within the Iranian Political System -- Khomeini Was Able to Keep Factional Jockeying Largely in Check -- Since Khamenei Came to Power in 1989, Factional Competition Has Grown Markedly in Both Intensity and Influence -- Chapter 3. Factor 2: The Prevailing View of Velayat-e Faghih -- The Absolute View of Velayat-e Faghih -- The Democratic View of Velayat-e Faghih -- The Quietist View of Velayat-e Faghih -- Since Each Faction Has a Different View of Velayat-e Faghih, Whichever Dominates Iran's Political Landscape Will Play a Decisive Role in Shaping Succession -- Chapter 4. Factor 3: Khamenei's Personal Network -- The Members of Khamenei's Personal Network -- The Supreme Leader Has Historically Maintained a Personal Network Instrumental in Making Key Political Decisions -- Khomeini's Personal Network Was the Main Driver of the 1989 Succession -- Since the Mid-1990s, Khamenei and His Personal Network Have Steadily Consolidated Authority and Are Now the Principal Decisionmakers in Iranian Politics -- Chapter 5. Five Scenarios for Succession of the Supreme Leader in the Near Term -- Indicators That Suggest How Factional Competition Is Evolving -- Indicators That Point to the Prevailing View of Velayat-e Faghih -- Indicators That Signal How Khamenei's Personal Network Is Developing and the Power It Holds -- The Configuration of the Three Factors as of 2011 -- Five Possible Scenarios for Succession of the Current Supreme Leader -- Status Quo: The Supreme Leader Remains Powerful But Not Omnipotent -- Absolutist: The Supreme Leader, a Dictator, Discards Elected Institutions -- Democratic: An Iranian-Stylized Islamic Democracy -- Leadership Council: An Executive Body Beholden to Qom -- Abolition: Demise of the Islamic Republic -- The "Wild Card" Factor: The Nature and Timing of Khamenei's Exit -- The Status Quo and Absolutist Scenarios Seem the Most Likely for the Next Succession -- Chapter 6. Succession of the Supreme Leader in the Longer Term -- The Longer-Term Effects of the 2009 Election -- The Configuration of the Three Factors Will Change -- Other Factors Will Also Influence Succession in the Longer Term -- The "Old Guard" Will Disappear and Be Replaced -- Domestic Issues Will Inevitably Evolve, Putting Pressure on the Nezam to Adapt -- Iran's Relationship with the United States Will Play a Role -- Chapter 7. Concluding Remarks -- Bibliography
    Note: "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , Includes bibliographical references (pages 95-99)
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  • 88
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    Reintegrating Afghan insurgents (2011)
    Santa Monica, Calif : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833051387 , 083305158X , 0833051385 , 9780833051585
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 27 pages)
    Series Statement: Occasional paper OP-327-MCIA
    Parallel Title: Print version Jones, Seth G., 1972- Reintegrating Afghan insurgents
    Keywords: Soldiers Rehabilitation ; Counterinsurgency ; Soldiers ; Counterinsurgency ; Counterinsurgency ; Soldiers ; Rehabilitation ; HISTORY ; Military ; Afghan War (2001- ) ; Afghanistan ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Terrorism ; Armed Forces ; Demobilization ; Afghanistan Armed Forces ; Demobilization ; Afghanistan ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Contents; Preface; Figures and Table; Summary; Chapter One: Factors That Enable Reintegration; Perception of Winning; Coercion; Addressing Grievances; Chapter Two: Reintegration Procedures; Proactive Efforts; Screening; Holding and Security Procedures; Incentives; Engagement of Tribal and Other Leaders; Information Operations; Active Use of Personnel; Chapter Three: Conclusions: Reintegration from the Bottom Up; Notes
    Abstract: Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Contents; Preface; Figures and Table; Summary; Chapter One: Factors That Enable Reintegration; Perception of Winning; Coercion; Addressing Grievances; Chapter Two: Reintegration Procedures; Proactive Efforts; Screening; Holding and Security Procedures; Incentives; Engagement of Tribal and Other Leaders; Information Operations; Active Use of Personnel; Chapter Three: Conclusions: Reintegration from the Bottom Up; Notes
    Note: "Prepared for the Marine Corps Intelligence Activity , "The research described in this report was prepared for the Marine Corps Intelligence Activity. The research was conducted within the RAND National Defense Research Institute, a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Unified Combatant Commands, the Navy, the Marine Corps, the defense agencies, and the defense Intelligence Community under Contract W74V8H-06-C-0002"--Title page verso , "National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references (pages 23-27)
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  • 89
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    The challenge of violent drug-trafficking organizations : an assessment of Mexican security based on existing RAND research on urban unrest, insurgency, and defense-sector reform (2011)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833058270 , 0833058304 , 0833058274 , 9780833058300
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxi, 85 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation monograph series MG-1125-OSD
    Parallel Title: Print version Paul, Christopher, 1971- Challenge of violent drug-trafficking organizations
    Keywords: Internal security ; Violent crimes Prevention ; Violence ; Drug traffic ; Drug control ; Internal security ; Violent crimes ; Violence ; Drug traffic ; Drug control ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Security (National & International) ; Drug control ; Drug traffic ; Internal security ; Violence ; Violent crimes ; Prevention ; Social Welfare & Social Work ; Social Sciences ; Substance Abuse ; Mexico ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Infrastructure ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; General ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Violent drug-trafficking organizations (VDTOs) in Mexico produce, transport, and deliver into the United States tens of billions of dollars worth of narcotics annually, but their activities are not limited to drug trafficking. VDTOs have also engaged in human trafficking, weapon trafficking, kidnapping, money laundering, extortion, bribery, racketeering, and assassinations. In an effort to clarify the scope and details of the challenges posed by VDTOs, a RAND team conducted a Delphi expert elicitation exercise, the results of which offer an assessment of the contemporary security situation in Mexico through the lens of existing RAND research on related issues. The exercise centered around three strands of prior RAND research on urban instability and unrest, historical insurgencies, and defense-sector reform. Although this prior research was not designed specifically for the study of Mexico, all three areas offer applicable insights. Assessment scorecards from these projects were used to obtain input from the expert panel and to guide the resulting discussion. The goal was not to break significant new ground in understanding the dynamics of drug violence in Mexico or to offer a qualitative assessment of these dynamics, but rather to provide an empirically based platform for identifying key areas that merit further investigation
    Abstract: Violent drug-trafficking organizations (VDTOs) in Mexico produce, transport, and deliver into the United States tens of billions of dollars worth of narcotics annually, but their activities are not limited to drug trafficking. VDTOs have also engaged in human trafficking, weapon trafficking, kidnapping, money laundering, extortion, bribery, racketeering, and assassinations. In an effort to clarify the scope and details of the challenges posed by VDTOs, a RAND team conducted a Delphi expert elicitation exercise, the results of which offer an assessment of the contemporary security situation in Mexico through the lens of existing RAND research on related issues. The exercise centered around three strands of prior RAND research on urban instability and unrest, historical insurgencies, and defense-sector reform. Although this prior research was not designed specifically for the study of Mexico, all three areas offer applicable insights. Assessment scorecards from these projects were used to obtain input from the expert panel and to guide the resulting discussion. The goal was not to break significant new ground in understanding the dynamics of drug violence in Mexico or to offer a qualitative assessment of these dynamics, but rather to provide an empirically based platform for identifying key areas that merit further investigation
    Note: "This research was conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , Includes bibliographical references (pages 81-85)
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  • 90
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    From insurgency to stability : Volume I: Key capabilities and practices (2011)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833052995 , 0833053051 , 0833052993 , 9780833053053
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xli, 229 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version From insurgency to stability
    Keywords: Counterinsurgency ; Peace-building ; Counterinsurgency ; Peace-building ; Political Science ; Counterinsurgency ; Military Science - General ; United States ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; HISTORY ; Military ; Strategy ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Government ; International ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; General ; Armed Forces ; Stability operations ; Political Theory of the State ; Peace-building ; United States Armed Forces ; Stability operations ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This monograph is the first of two volumes that examine how countries confronting insurgencies transition from a high level of violence to a more stable situation. It identifies the procedures and capabilities that the U.S. Department of Defense, other agencies of the U.S. government, U.S. allies and partners, and international organizations require in order to support the transition from counterinsurgency to stability and reconstruction operations. During counterinsurgency, the military takes primary responsibility for security and economic operations, but when the insurgency has been reduced to a level where the state is able to perform its basic functions, police and civilian government agencies take the lead in providing security and services to the population. Successful post-counterinsurgency operations can ensure that lasting peace and stability will follow, rather than a relapse into violence
    Abstract: This monograph is the first of two volumes that examine how countries confronting insurgencies transition from a high level of violence to a more stable situation. It identifies the procedures and capabilities that the U.S. Department of Defense, other agencies of the U.S. government, U.S. allies and partners, and international organizations require in order to support the transition from counterinsurgency to stability and reconstruction operations. During counterinsurgency, the military takes primary responsibility for security and economic operations, but when the insurgency has been reduced to a level where the state is able to perform its basic functions, police and civilian government agencies take the lead in providing security and services to the population. Successful post-counterinsurgency operations can ensure that lasting peace and stability will follow, rather than a relapse into violence
    Note: "This research was conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Title page verso , "RAND National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references (pages 209-229)
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  • 91
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    Dilemmas of intervention : social science for stabilization and reconstruction (2011)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833052490 , 0833052578 , 0833052497 , 9780833052575
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xlix, 332 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation monograph series
    Parallel Title: Print version Dilemmas of intervention
    Keywords: Peace-building ; Nation-building ; Postwar reconstruction ; Peace-building ; Nation-building ; Postwar reconstruction ; Peace-building ; Postwar reconstruction ; peacebuilding ; peacekeeping operations ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Globalization ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Security (National & International) ; Nation-building ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Governments intervening in post-conflict states find themselves beset with numerous challenges and profound dilemmas: it is often unclear how best to proceed because measures that may improve conditions in one respect may undermine them in another. This volume reviews and integrates the scholarly social-science literature relevant to stabilization and reconstruction (S & R), with the goal of informing strategic planning at the whole-of-government level. The authors assert that S & R success depends on success in each of four component domains -- political, social, security, and economic. The authors discuss each domain separately but emphasize their interactions and the idea that the failure of any component can doom S & R as a whole. The authors also focus on a number of dilemmas that intervenors in post-conflict states face -- such as between short- and long-term goals and whether to work through or around the state's central government -- and suggest how these dilemmas can be confronted depending on context
    Abstract: Governments intervening in post-conflict states find themselves beset with numerous challenges and profound dilemmas: it is often unclear how best to proceed because measures that may improve conditions in one respect may undermine them in another. This volume reviews and integrates the scholarly social-science literature relevant to stabilization and reconstruction (S & R), with the goal of informing strategic planning at the whole-of-government level. The authors assert that S & R success depends on success in each of four component domains -- political, social, security, and economic. The authors discuss each domain separately but emphasize their interactions and the idea that the failure of any component can doom S & R as a whole. The authors also focus on a number of dilemmas that intervenors in post-conflict states face -- such as between short- and long-term goals and whether to work through or around the state's central government -- and suggest how these dilemmas can be confronted depending on context
    Note: "National Defense Research Institute , "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 92
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    Band of brothers or dysfunctional family? : a military perspective on coalition challenges during stability operations (2011)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833047694 , 0833059866 , 0833047698 , 9780833059864
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiii, 131 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation monograph series
    Parallel Title: Print version Glenn, Russell W Band of brothers or dysfunctional family?
    Keywords: Integrated operations (Military science) ; Counterinsurgency ; Armed Forces Stability operations ; Integrated operations (Military science) ; Counterinsurgency ; Armed Forces ; HISTORY ; Military ; Pictorial ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Security (National & International) ; Armed Forces ; Stability operations ; Counterinsurgency ; Integrated operations (Military science) ; military operations ; cooperation ; armed forces ; peacekeeping operations ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Counterinsurgency and other stability operations seldom present a nation with trials that threaten its very survival, barring cases in which that nation is the target of insurgents. Bonds between coalition members are therefore weaker than when threat of annihilation reinforces mutual dependence. Such situations are further complicated by the use of force likely not being the primary implement for attaining ultimate success. Devoid of a preeminent threat and denied primary dependence on armed forces, core coalition objectives tend to be political rather than military in character and include counterinsurgency, nation building, developing government capacity, and providing humanitarian assistance -- activities often associated with stability operations. Armed forces are not staffed or trained to meet the long-term demands of many of these tasks. An alliance or coalition must therefore incorporate participation by other government agencies and -- ultimately -- that of the indigenous government and its population more than is expected during conventional combat operations. Recent contingencies have also seen commercial enterprises, militias, intergovernmental organizations, and nongovernmental organizations become key participants in these undertakings. The result is coalitions of a size seldom seen and with a number of affiliations rarely, if ever, approached before the late 20th century. This monograph investigates the dramatic expansion of challenges confronting alliances and coalitions today and thereafter considers potential solutions that include questioning the conception of what constitutes a coalition in today's world
    Abstract: Counterinsurgency and other stability operations seldom present a nation with trials that threaten its very survival, barring cases in which that nation is the target of insurgents. Bonds between coalition members are therefore weaker than when threat of annihilation reinforces mutual dependence. Such situations are further complicated by the use of force likely not being the primary implement for attaining ultimate success. Devoid of a preeminent threat and denied primary dependence on armed forces, core coalition objectives tend to be political rather than military in character and include counterinsurgency, nation building, developing government capacity, and providing humanitarian assistance -- activities often associated with stability operations. Armed forces are not staffed or trained to meet the long-term demands of many of these tasks. An alliance or coalition must therefore incorporate participation by other government agencies and -- ultimately -- that of the indigenous government and its population more than is expected during conventional combat operations. Recent contingencies have also seen commercial enterprises, militias, intergovernmental organizations, and nongovernmental organizations become key participants in these undertakings. The result is coalitions of a size seldom seen and with a number of affiliations rarely, if ever, approached before the late 20th century. This monograph investigates the dramatic expansion of challenges confronting alliances and coalitions today and thereafter considers potential solutions that include questioning the conception of what constitutes a coalition in today's world
    Note: "National Defense Research Institute , Includes bibliographical references (pages 109-131)
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  • 93
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    Coping with a nuclearizing Iran (2011)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833058652 , 0833058673 , 0833058657 , 9780833058676
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxvi, 128 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation monograph series MG-1154-SRF
    Parallel Title: Print version Coping with a nuclearizing Iran
    Keywords: Nuclear weapons ; Nuclear weapons ; HISTORY ; Military ; Nuclear Warfare ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; Arms Control ; Diplomatic relations ; Iran ; United States ; Nuclear weapons ; Strategic aspects of individual places ; Iran Strategic aspects ; Iran Foreign relations ; United States Foreign relations ; Iran ; Iran ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: It is not inevitable that Iran will acquire nuclear weapons or even that it will gain the capacity to quickly produce them. U.S. and even Israeli analysts continually push their estimates for such an event further into the future. Nevertheless, absent a change in Iranian policy, it is reasonable to assume that, some time in the coming decade, Iran will acquire such a capability. Most recent scholarly studies have also focused on how to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons. Other, less voluminous writing looks at what to do after Iran becomes a nuclear power. What has so far been lacking is a policy framework for dealing with Iran before, after, and, indeed, during its crossing of the nuclear threshold. This monograph attempts to fill that gap by providing a midterm strategy for dealing with Iran that neither begins nor ends at the point at which Tehran acquires a nuclear weapon capability. It proposes an approach that neither acquiesces to a nuclear-armed Iran nor refuses to admit the possibility -- indeed, the likelihood -- of this occurring
    Abstract: It is not inevitable that Iran will acquire nuclear weapons or even that it will gain the capacity to quickly produce them. U.S. and even Israeli analysts continually push their estimates for such an event further into the future. Nevertheless, absent a change in Iranian policy, it is reasonable to assume that, some time in the coming decade, Iran will acquire such a capability. Most recent scholarly studies have also focused on how to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons. Other, less voluminous writing looks at what to do after Iran becomes a nuclear power. What has so far been lacking is a policy framework for dealing with Iran before, after, and, indeed, during its crossing of the nuclear threshold. This monograph attempts to fill that gap by providing a midterm strategy for dealing with Iran that neither begins nor ends at the point at which Tehran acquires a nuclear weapon capability. It proposes an approach that neither acquiesces to a nuclear-armed Iran nor refuses to admit the possibility -- indeed, the likelihood -- of this occurring
    Note: "National Security Research Division , Includes bibliographical references (pages 111-128)
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  • 94
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    China and India, 2025 : a comparative assessment (2011)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833058867 , 083305886X , 0833050427 , 9780833050427
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiv, 145 p.)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation monograph series MG1009
    DDC: 338.951054
    Keywords: Geschichte 2010-2025 ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Development / Business Development ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Development / Economic Development ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Development / General ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Government & Business ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Structural Adjustment ; POLITICAL SCIENCE / Public Policy / Economic Policy ; HISTORY / Asia / China ; Armed Forces / Appropriations and expenditures ; Economic development / Forecasting ; Population ; Technological innovations ; Wirtschaft ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Economic development Forecasting ; Economic development Forecasting ; Technological innovations ; Technological innovations ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Militärhaushalt ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Asien ; Indien ; China ; Indien ; Electronic books ; China ; Indien ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Militärhaushalt ; Geschichte 2010-2025
    Note: Title from PDF title screen (viewed on Aug. 25, 2011) , Includes bibliographical references: p. 131-145 , China and India will exercise increasing influence in international affairs in the coming decades. As prominent members of the G-20, their influence will be manifest in the global economy, in global politics, and in the global security environment. Each country's role on the world stage will also be affected by the progress that it makes and by the competition and cooperation that develop between them. The research described in this monograph focuses on the progress China and India seem likely to achieve from 2010 through 2025, as well as on some of the major problems they may encounter along the way. This research consists of a comparative assessment of their prospects in this period in four domains: demography, macroeconomics, science and technology, and defense spending and procurement. In each domain, the assessment seeks answers to these questions: Who is ahead? By how much? and Why? Often the answers are quantitative, sometimes they are more qualitative, and sometimes they are inconclusive. The monograph concludes with implications for policy and for further research , Objectives, background, context -- Population trends in China and India: Demographic dividend or demographic drag? -- China-India: a macroeconomic assessment -- Science and technology -- Chinese and Indian defense and defense procurement spending to 2025 -- Conclusions and implications -- Appendix A: Meta-analysis of economic growth in China and India -- Appendix B: Detailed calculations for, and additional figures showing, the projections in Chapter Four -- Appendix C: Analytic tables
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  • 95
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    Ready for takeoff : China's advancing aerospace industry (2011)
    Santa Monica, CA : Rand National Security Research Division
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833052063 , 0833052063 , 9780833051806 , 083305208X , 0833051806 , 9780833052087
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xx, 142 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation monograph series
    Parallel Title: Print version Cliff, Roger Ready for takeoff
    DDC: 338.4762910951
    Keywords: Aeronautics, Commercial Government policy ; Aeronautics, Commercial ; Artificial satellites ; Artificial satellites Government policy ; Aerospace industries Government policy ; Aerospace industries ; Aeronautics, Commercial ; Aeronautics, Commercial ; Artificial satellites ; Artificial satellites ; Aerospace industries ; Aerospace industries ; Aerospace industries ; Government policy ; Artificial satellites ; Artificial satellites ; Government policy ; International economic relations ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Industries ; Service ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; General ; China ; United States ; Aeronautics, Commercial ; Aeronautics, Commercial ; Government policy ; Aerospace industries ; United States Foreign economic relations ; China Foreign economic relations ; United States ; China ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "China's aerospace industry has advanced at an impressive rate over the past decade. While some of this progress can be attributed to rapidly growing governmental support for China's aerospace sector, China's aerospace capabilities have also benefited from the increasing participation of its aerospace industry in the global commercial aerospace market and the supply chains of the world's leading aerospace firms. This monograph assesses China's aerospace capabilities and the extent to which China's participation in commercial aerospace markets and supply chains is contributing to the improvement of those capabilities. Specific areas assessed include China's commercial aviation manufacturing capabilities, its commercial and military capabilities in space, efforts of the Chinese government to encourage foreign participation in the development of the aerospace industry, transfers of foreign aerospace technology to China, the extent to which U.S. and other foreign aerospace firms are dependent on supplies from China, and the implications of all of these issues for U.S. security interests. The study should be of interest to business analysts, policymakers, lawmakers, and anyone who wishes to learn about China's market for commercial aviation, the capabilities of China's aerospace manufacturing industry, the role foreign aerospace firms are playing in the development of China's aerospace capabilities, and security implications for the United States. This research was sponsored by the U.S-China Economic and Security Review Commission, which was established by Congress in 2000 to monitor and report on the economic and national security dimensions of U.S. trade and economic ties with the People's Republic of China. This research was conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND Corporation's National Security Research Division (NSRD). NSRD conducts research and analysis on defense and national security topics for the U.S. and allied defense, foreign policy, homeland security, and intelligence communities and foundations and other nongovernmental organizations that support defense and national security analysis."--Preface
    Abstract: "China's aerospace industry has advanced at an impressive rate over the past decade. While some of this progress can be attributed to rapidly growing governmental support for China's aerospace sector, China's aerospace capabilities have also benefited from the increasing participation of its aerospace industry in the global commercial aerospace market and the supply chains of the world's leading aerospace firms. This monograph assesses China's aerospace capabilities and the extent to which China's participation in commercial aerospace markets and supply chains is contributing to the improvement of those capabilities. Specific areas assessed include China's commercial aviation manufacturing capabilities, its commercial and military capabilities in space, efforts of the Chinese government to encourage foreign participation in the development of the aerospace industry, transfers of foreign aerospace technology to China, the extent to which U.S. and other foreign aerospace firms are dependent on supplies from China, and the implications of all of these issues for U.S. security interests. The study should be of interest to business analysts, policymakers, lawmakers, and anyone who wishes to learn about China's market for commercial aviation, the capabilities of China's aerospace manufacturing industry, the role foreign aerospace firms are playing in the development of China's aerospace capabilities, and security implications for the United States. This research was sponsored by the U.S-China Economic and Security Review Commission, which was established by Congress in 2000 to monitor and report on the economic and national security dimensions of U.S. trade and economic ties with the People's Republic of China. This research was conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND Corporation's National Security Research Division (NSRD). NSRD conducts research and analysis on defense and national security topics for the U.S. and allied defense, foreign policy, homeland security, and intelligence communities and foundations and other nongovernmental organizations that support defense and national security analysis."--Preface
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 125-142)
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  • 96
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    Victory has a thousand fathers : sources of success in counterinsurgency (2010)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833049612 , 0833050788 , 9781282940536 , 1282940538 , 9780833050786 , 0833049615
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxx, 153 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation monograph series MG-964-OSD
    Parallel Title: Print version Paul, Christopher, 1971- Victory has a thousand fathers
    Keywords: Insurgency Case studies ; Counterinsurgency Case studies ; Insurgency ; Counterinsurgency ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Security (National & International) ; Counterinsurgency ; Insurgency ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Science - General ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Case studies ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Insurgency has been the most prevalent form of armed conflict since at least 1949, as well as the subject of countless historical and contemporary studies. Contemporary discourse on the subject is voluminous and often contentious, but to date there has been a dearth of systematic evidence supporting the counterinsurgency (COIN) approaches, practices, and tenets that make for successful operations. Relying on a collection of the 30 most recent resolved insurgencies, along with a bank of factors that helped or hindered the COIN force in each case and in each phase of each case, several commonalities emerge. For instance, the data show that good COIN practices tend to "run in packs" and that the balance of selected good and bad practices perfectly predicts the outcome of a conflict. The importance of popular support is confirmed, but the ability to interdict tangible support (such as new personnel, materiel, and financing) is the single best predictor of COIN force success. Twenty distinct approaches to COIN are rigorously tested against the historical record, providing valuable lessons for U.S. engagement in and support for COIN operations
    Abstract: Insurgency has been the most prevalent form of armed conflict since at least 1949, as well as the subject of countless historical and contemporary studies. Contemporary discourse on the subject is voluminous and often contentious, but to date there has been a dearth of systematic evidence supporting the counterinsurgency (COIN) approaches, practices, and tenets that make for successful operations. Relying on a collection of the 30 most recent resolved insurgencies, along with a bank of factors that helped or hindered the COIN force in each case and in each phase of each case, several commonalities emerge. For instance, the data show that good COIN practices tend to "run in packs" and that the balance of selected good and bad practices perfectly predicts the outcome of a conflict. The importance of popular support is confirmed, but the ability to interdict tangible support (such as new personnel, materiel, and financing) is the single best predictor of COIN force success. Twenty distinct approaches to COIN are rigorously tested against the historical record, providing valuable lessons for U.S. engagement in and support for COIN operations
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 97
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    Afghanistan's local war : building local defense forces (2010)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND National Defense Research Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833049889 , 083305080X , 0833049887 , 9780833050809
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 97 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation monograph series MG-1002-MCIA
    Parallel Title: Print version Jones, Seth G., 1972- Afghanistan's local war
    Keywords: National security ; Internal security ; National security ; Internal security ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Security (National & International) ; Internal security ; Afghanistan ; National security ; Politics and government ; Armed Forces ; Military readiness ; Military policy ; Afghanistan ; Afghanistan ; Afghanistan Military policy 21st century ; Afghanistan Armed Forces 21st century ; Afghanistan Armed Forces ; Afghanistan Politics and government 2001- ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Security in Afghanistan has historically required a combination of top-down efforts from the central government and bottom-up efforts from local communities. Since 2001, U.S. and broader international efforts have focused on establishing security solely from the top down through Afghan national security forces and other central government institutions. But local security forces are a critical complement to these efforts, especially in rural areas of the country. The Afghan government and NATO forces need to move quickly to establish a more-effective bottom-up strategy to complement top-down efforts by better leveraging local communities. The Afghan government can work with existing community structures that oppose insurgents to establish village-level policing entities, such as arbakai and chalweshtai, with support from NATO. Effectively leveraging local communities should significantly improve counterinsurgency prospects and can facilitate mobilization of the population against insurgents. This analysis documents lessons about the viability of establishing local security in Afghanistan and addresses concerns about the wisdom of such policies
    Abstract: Security in Afghanistan has historically required a combination of top-down efforts from the central government and bottom-up efforts from local communities. Since 2001, U.S. and broader international efforts have focused on establishing security solely from the top down through Afghan national security forces and other central government institutions. But local security forces are a critical complement to these efforts, especially in rural areas of the country. The Afghan government and NATO forces need to move quickly to establish a more-effective bottom-up strategy to complement top-down efforts by better leveraging local communities. The Afghan government can work with existing community structures that oppose insurgents to establish village-level policing entities, such as arbakai and chalweshtai, with support from NATO. Effectively leveraging local communities should significantly improve counterinsurgency prospects and can facilitate mobilization of the population against insurgents. This analysis documents lessons about the viability of establishing local security in Afghanistan and addresses concerns about the wisdom of such policies
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 89-97)
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  • 98
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    Building a more resilient Haitian state (2010)
    Santa Monica, Calif : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833050434 , 0833050532 , 0833050435 , 9780833050533
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxviii, 179 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation monograph series MG-1039-SRF/CC
    Parallel Title: Print version Building a more resilient Haitian state
    Keywords: Nation-building ; Political planning ; Nation-building ; Political planning ; Politics and government ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Public Policy ; General ; Haiti ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; World ; General ; Nation-building ; Political planning ; Haiti Politics and government 1986- ; Haiti ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Hope for a more prosperous and peaceful future for the Haitian people lies in building a more effective, resilient state. Haiti's state institutions are riddled with weaknesses in human resources, organization, procedures, and policies. State-building should be at the forefront of efforts to recover from the January 2010 earthquake. Devising lists of measures needed to repair the state's weaknesses is relatively easy, but formulating strategies to address those weaknesses is hard, and implementation is even harder. This report supports the development of a Haitian state-building strategy by identifying the main challenges to more capable governance, evaluating existing plans for strengthening government institutions and improving the delivery of public services, and proposing a realistic and carefully limited set of critical actions. The recommended priorities, in the areas of public administration, justice, security, economic policy, infrastructure, education, and health care, merit the greatest degree of Haiti's and international donors' policy attention and financial commitment
    Abstract: Hope for a more prosperous and peaceful future for the Haitian people lies in building a more effective, resilient state. Haiti's state institutions are riddled with weaknesses in human resources, organization, procedures, and policies. State-building should be at the forefront of efforts to recover from the January 2010 earthquake. Devising lists of measures needed to repair the state's weaknesses is relatively easy, but formulating strategies to address those weaknesses is hard, and implementation is even harder. This report supports the development of a Haitian state-building strategy by identifying the main challenges to more capable governance, evaluating existing plans for strengthening government institutions and improving the delivery of public services, and proposing a realistic and carefully limited set of critical actions. The recommended priorities, in the areas of public administration, justice, security, economic policy, infrastructure, education, and health care, merit the greatest degree of Haiti's and international donors' policy attention and financial commitment
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 165-179)
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  • 99
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    Hired guns : views about armed contractors in Operation Iraqi Freedom (2010)
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833049827 , 0833050753 , 0833049828 , 9780833050755
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxvi, 115 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation monograph series MG-987-SRF
    Parallel Title: Print version Hired guns
    Keywords: Government contractors Evaluation ; Contracting out Evaluation ; Government contractors Evaluation ; Contracting out Evaluation ; Private security services Evaluation ; Private military companies Evaluation ; Postwar reconstruction Evaluation ; Government contractors ; Contracting out ; Government contractors ; Contracting out ; Private security services ; Private military companies ; Postwar reconstruction ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; General ; Contracting out ; Evaluation ; Government contractors ; Evaluation ; Iraq ; United States ; HISTORY ; Military ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "The use of armed private security contractors (PSCs) in the Iraq war has been unprecedented. Not only government agencies but also journalists, reconstruction contractors, and nongovernmental organizations frequently view them as a logical choice to fill their security needs, yet there have been a number of reports of PSCs committing serious, and sometimes fatal, abuses of power in Iraq. This study uses a systematic, empirically based survey of opinions of U.S. military and State Department personnel on the ground in Iraq to shed light on the following questions: To what extent are armed PSCs perceived to be imposing costs on the U.S. military effort? If so, are those costs tempered by positive contributions? How has the use of PSCs affected U.S. military operations in Operation Iraqi Freedom? While the military personnel did report some incidents of unnecessarily threatening, arrogant, or belligerent contractor behavior, the survey results indicate that neither the U.S. military nor State Department personnel appear to perceive PSCs to be "running wild" in Iraq. Moreover, respondents tended to consider PSCs a force multiplier rather than an additional strain on military troops, but both military and State Department respondents held mixed views regarding the contribution of armed contractors to U.S. foreign policy objectives."--Page 4 of cover
    Abstract: "The use of armed private security contractors (PSCs) in the Iraq war has been unprecedented. Not only government agencies but also journalists, reconstruction contractors, and nongovernmental organizations frequently view them as a logical choice to fill their security needs, yet there have been a number of reports of PSCs committing serious, and sometimes fatal, abuses of power in Iraq. This study uses a systematic, empirically based survey of opinions of U.S. military and State Department personnel on the ground in Iraq to shed light on the following questions: To what extent are armed PSCs perceived to be imposing costs on the U.S. military effort? If so, are those costs tempered by positive contributions? How has the use of PSCs affected U.S. military operations in Operation Iraqi Freedom? While the military personnel did report some incidents of unnecessarily threatening, arrogant, or belligerent contractor behavior, the survey results indicate that neither the U.S. military nor State Department personnel appear to perceive PSCs to be "running wild" in Iraq. Moreover, respondents tended to consider PSCs a force multiplier rather than an additional strain on military troops, but both military and State Department respondents held mixed views regarding the contribution of armed contractors to U.S. foreign policy objectives."--Page 4 of cover
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 100
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    Reconstruction under fire : case studies and further analysis of civil requirements (2010)
    Santa Monica, CA : Rand Corp
    Details
    ISBN: 9780833049735 , 0833050761 , 0833049739 , 9780833050762
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiv, 149 pages)
    Series Statement: Rand Corporation monograph series
    Parallel Title: Print version Reconstruction under fire
    Keywords: Counterinsurgency ; Counterinsurgency Case studies ; Counterinsurgency ; Counterinsurgency ; Counterinsurgency ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Case studies ; HISTORY ; Military ; Other ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "Successful counterinsurgency (COIN) requires the integration of security and civil COIN to create conditions that allow the population to choose between the government and insurgents, eliminate the grievances that gave rise to the insurgency, and present the population with choices that are more attractive than what the insurgents can offer. Building on a framework for integrating civil and military counterinsurgency first described in Reconstruction Under Fire: Unifying Civil and Military Counterinsurgency, this volume presents an approach to the civil component of counterinsurgency that builds on detailed background, context analysis, and threat analysis to identify and develop critical civil COIN activities. It illustrates this approach using three case studies: Nangarhar province in Afghanistan, Nord-Kivu province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Al Anbar province in Iraq. The approach builds on the best aspects of existing conflict assessment methodologies and adds new elements developed specifically for this project. The resulting framework goes beyond the strategic and operational decisions related to designing a program that is appropriate for a given conflict context."--Page 4 of cover
    Abstract: "Successful counterinsurgency (COIN) requires the integration of security and civil COIN to create conditions that allow the population to choose between the government and insurgents, eliminate the grievances that gave rise to the insurgency, and present the population with choices that are more attractive than what the insurgents can offer. Building on a framework for integrating civil and military counterinsurgency first described in Reconstruction Under Fire: Unifying Civil and Military Counterinsurgency, this volume presents an approach to the civil component of counterinsurgency that builds on detailed background, context analysis, and threat analysis to identify and develop critical civil COIN activities. It illustrates this approach using three case studies: Nangarhar province in Afghanistan, Nord-Kivu province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Al Anbar province in Iraq. The approach builds on the best aspects of existing conflict assessment methodologies and adds new elements developed specifically for this project. The resulting framework goes beyond the strategic and operational decisions related to designing a program that is appropriate for a given conflict context."--Page 4 of cover
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 143-149)
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