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  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development  (584)
  • Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques  (116)
  • Menon, Carlo  (20)
  • Science and Technology  (373)
  • Education  (337)
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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 73 (June 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report investigates the gender gap in the funding of innovative start-ups across OECD and BRICS countries using a detailed micro-dataset on start-ups and their founders. Results from empirical analysis show that start-ups with at least one woman in the team of founders are less likely to receive funding by 5-10%. When such start-ups do receive funding, they receive an amount lower by a third compared to start-ups created by male founders. Accounting for founders’ characteristics (their educational background and past professional experience) reduces the gap in likelihood to receive funding, but not the gap in funding amounts. A key conclusion is that addressing the gender gap will require a holistic approach, including through – but not restricted to – the education system. The paper concludes by a discussion of potential mechanisms that could explain the observed gap, presents policy options, and proposes an agenda for future research.
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 64 (March 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides a first assessment of the degree to which public research contributes to innovative entrepreneurship, using data on start-ups and venture capital (VC). It looks at academic start-ups founded by recent undergraduates and doctorate students or researchers. It shows that academic start-ups represent 15% of all start-ups in the specific sample under scrutiny. Their share is higher in science-based technological fields such as biotechnology (23%). Across the majority of countries and technology fields, start-ups created by undergraduate students represent the highest share of all academic start-ups. As to their performance, start-ups founded by researchers are more likely to patent and those founded by students introduce innovations that are more radical compared to other start-ups. While start-ups founded by undergraduate students receive less VC funding and are less likely to exit via IPO or acquisition, those created by researchers are as successful as their non-academic counterparts.
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 72 (May 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report investigates the factors associated with the intensity of “mass lay-offs” across countries and industries, controlling for the dynamics of overall employment. The results suggest that some important drivers of structural transformation (e.g. digitalisation and globalisation) are not as clearly linked to mass lay-offs as one might expect, once their impact on overall job destruction is accounted for. The report also investigates the re-employability prospects of workers in sectors at high risk of mass lay-offs. Finally, the paper draws implications for different areas of policymaking, from labour market policy to industrial policy and also trade policy.
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 03
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Roboter ; Automatisierte Produktion ; Produktionsorganisation ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Increased robot use, fuelled by price declines and the increased dexterity of these machines, is expected to affect existing/future production technologies and the organisation of production within GVCs. In order to safeguard their competitiveness in an increasingly digitalised global economy, governments across OECD and emerging economies are implementing a range of policy measures/programmes to support the investment in and use of robotics. This paper assesses the extent to which robotics impact the organisation of production through offshoring and backshoring. The results indicate that the use of industrial robots in developed economies appears to be slowing the offshoring rates, although it is not yet prompting firms to bring jobs back home. However, the effect is very recent, especially in labour-intensive sectors, and not yet apparent in developing countries. The findings suggest the rate of global value chain expansion may be slower than in the past.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 02
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Unternehmensgründung ; Innovation ; Risikokapital ; Unternehmer ; Geschlecht ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The report presents new cross-country descriptive evidence on innovative start-ups and related venture capital investments drawing upon Crunchbase, a new dataset that is unprecedented in terms of scope and comprehensiveness. The analysis employs a mix of different statistical techniques (descriptive graphics, econometric analysis, and machine learning) to highlight a number of findings. First, there are significant cross-country differences in the professional and educational background of start-ups’ founders, notably the share of founders with previous academic experience and in the share of “serial entrepreneurs”. Conversely, the founders’ average age is rather constant across countries, but shows a fair degree of variability across sectors. Second, IP assets, and in particular the presence of an inventor in the team of founders, are strongly associated with start-ups’ success. Finally, female founders are less likely to receive funding, receive lower amounts when they do receive financing, and have a lower probability of successful exit, when other factors are controlled for.
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 89 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 54 (September 2018)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Italy ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The report provides an independent and comprehensive evaluation of the economic and social impact of the Italian policy framework for innovative start-ups, also known as the “Start-up Act”, first introduced by the Decree-law 179 in 2012. The policy aims at creating a more favourable environment for small innovative start-ups through a number of complementary instruments, including “fast-track” and zero cost incorporation, simplified insolvency procedures, tax incentives for equity investments, and a public guarantee scheme for bank credit. While the report focuses only on Italy, the “Start-up Act” can be seen as a very useful “laboratory” to inform policies for innovative entrepreneurship across OECD member countries. The evaluation highlights that the impact of the policy on beneficiary firms has been positive overall, but that complementary policy actions in other areas are required in order to further realise the full potential of Italian innovative start-ups.
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  • 7
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The evaluation of the Italian “Start-up Act”
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Italy
    Abstract: Il presente rapporto fornisce una valutazione indipendente e approfondita dell’impatto economico e sociale del quadro d’intervento italiano per le imprese startup innovative, noto anche come “Startup Act”, introdotto inizialmente dal Decreto-legge 179 del 2012. La policy mira a creare un ambiente più favorevole alle piccole startup innovative attraverso una serie di strumenti complementari, tra cui figurano una modalità di costituzione rapida e gratuita, una procedura di fallimento semplificata, incentivi fiscali per gli investimenti in equity e un sistema pubblico di garanzia per l’accesso al credito bancario. Sebbene il rapporto si concentri unicamente sull’Italia, lo “Startup Act” può essere considerato come un “laboratorio” di grande utilità per l’elaborazione di policy a sostegno dell’imprenditorialità innovativa in tutti i Paesi membri dell’OCSE. La valutazione sottolinea che l’impatto dello “Startup Act” sulle imprese beneficiarie è stato complessivamente positivo, ma che sono necessarie azioni complementari in altre aree di policy per realizzare appieno il potenziale delle startup innovative italiane.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2017, 07
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Datenbank ; Patent ; Crunchbase ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This note describes a procedure to match companies and individuals listed in Crunchbase, a new database on innovative start-ups and companies, with patent applicants and inventors reported in PATSTAT, the worldwide intellectual property database maintained by the European Patent Office. Given that neither administrative nor other unique identifiers are available in either of the two databases, the matching is based on a “fuzzy” procedure that exploits the available overlapping information across the two databases. A general overview of the resulting database completes the note.
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2017, 08
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Datenbank ; Unternehmensgründung ; Gründungsfinanzierung ; Risikokapital ; Patent ; Crunchbase ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This note describes a new database on innovative start-ups and companies, called Crunchbase, with a focus on its potential for economic and managerial research. Crunchbase is rapidly being discovered by scholars from different fields. It has notably already informed studies on specific sectors as well as studies of networks in the start-up ecosystem. This note first describes the contents of Crunchbase and then reviews academic research that has used it. We further suggest that many more valuable avenues for economic and managerial research can be opened through the combination of Crunchbase with selected supplementary data sources and provide two such examples.
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 38 (April 2017)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The paper presents a critical discussion of ex-post impact evaluation of policies that affect regional economic development, with a particular emphasis on drawing useful implications for policy making. In particular, it discusses the importance of setting clear and measurable objectives in designing policies and the need for equally clear policy levers; it highlights the main advantages of “counterfactual” evaluation; it analyses the methodological specificities of the evaluation of programmes that have a regional or urban dimension; and it provides a survey of some of the most relevant examples in the empirical economics literature. The ultimate goal is to “bridge” the perceived distance between policy discussions on the one side, and academic debates on the other. Some specific recommendations conclude the report.
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  • 11
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 29
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides new cross-country evidence on the links between national policies and the growth patterns of start-ups. In particular, it compares for the first time the heterogeneous effects of national policies on entrants and incumbents, within the same country, industry, and time period. A number of key facts emerge. First, start-ups in volatile sectors and in sectors that exhibit higher growth dispersion are significantly more exposed to national policies than start-ups in other sectors. Second, start-ups are systematically more exposed than incumbents to the policy environment and national framework conditions. Third, the results suggest that timely bankruptcy procedures and strong contract enforcement are key to establishing a dynamic start-up environment.
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 27
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The news that companies in OECD economies are increasingly bringing manufacturing activities back home has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Headline cases of a number of large multinational companies have given increased visibility to the phenomenon of reshoring in the economic press, academic research and policy discussions.. The debate on re-shoring (often also called “backshoring”, “nearshoring”, “onshoring”) is very lively with some even arguing that the time of offshoring has come to an end. But considerable disagreement exists about how important this trend actually is for economies in particular the number of jobs that reshoring is supposed to bring back. While policy makers in OECD economies hope that reshoring might help to revitalise their slumping manufacturing industries, the rationale for policy measures around reshoring is not clear-cut.
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  • 13
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Reshoring: Myth or Reality?
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Le constat que les entreprises (manufacturières) des économies de l’OCDE rapatrient de plus en plus leurs activités manufacturières dans leur propre pays a suscité beaucoup d’intérêt ces dernières années. Quelques exemples de grandes entreprises multinationales ayant suivi cette voie ont reçu un large écho, et ainsi donné une visibilité accrue au phénomène de la relocalisation tant dans la presse (économique) que dans le cadre des travaux menés par les universitaires et des discussions entre responsables de l’action publique. Le débat sur la relocalisation (souvent appelée aussi « rapatriement », « délocalisation de voisinage » et « relocalisation de proximité ») est très intense, certains affirmant même que le temps des délocalisations est révolu. Cependant des désaccords profonds s’expriment à propos de l’ampleur effective de cette tendance pour les économies, en particulier au sujet du nombre d’emplois que la relocalisation est censée rapatrier. Alors que les décideurs politiques des économies de l’OCDE espèrent que la relocalisation pourrait aider à redynamiser leur industrie manufacturière en perte de vitesse, la justification de mesures en faveur de la relocalisation n’est pas claire.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789264229945
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'égalité des sexes dans l'éducation ; Aptitudes, comportement et confiance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'égalité des sexes dans l'éducation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The ABC of gender equality in education
    RVK:
    Keywords: Bildungschancen ; Geschlechterunterschiede ; Schüler ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; PISA-Studie ; Geschlechtsunterschied ; Schulleistungsmessung
    Abstract: This fascinating compilation of the recent data on gender differences in education presents a wealth of data, analysed from a multitude of angles in a clear and lively way. In particular it looks at underperformance among boys, lack of self confidence among girls and family, school and societal influences before addressing policies to help boys and girls reach their full potential.
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  • 15
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (59 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2015/06
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Unternehmensgründung ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Unternehmenswachstum ; Unternehmenserfolg ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The report provides a description of start-up dynamics exploiting the richness of the recently collected DynEmp v.2 database. The contribution of new firms in terms of new jobs to the existing workforce can be expressed as a combination of four different elements: the start-up rate; the average size of firms at point of entry; the survival rate; and the average growth rate of survivors. This decomposition shows that the four elements interplay in very different ways, even across economies with similar aggregate start-up contributions. The most homogenous component across countries is the survival rate, which is equal to just above 60% after three years from entry, to about 50% after five years, and to just over 40% after seven years. Furthermore, in most countries the probability of exiting is highest at the age of two, and decreases (linearly) beyond that age. When looking at employment growth of surviving businesses, it is found that the large majority of surviving micro start-ups do not grow; however, the tiny proportion of small start-ups which do grow creates a disproportionate amount of jobs.
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  • 16
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (50 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2015/04
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Klimapolitik ; Klimaschutz ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Most of the projections of the cost of meeting climate change mitigation targets hinge crucially upon assumptions made about the cost and timing of the development of breakthrough technologies. However, very little is known about the conditions which are likely to give rise to breakthrough technologies. This paper seeks to uncover attributes of inventions – as reflected in patent data – which serve as “leading indicators” of subsequent technological and market development in climate change mitigation technologies. The role of industrial generality emerges as being robustly correlated with subsequent technological diffusion, whether measured as subsequent patent counts, commercial applicability, or attractiveness to risk finance. The indicator of closeness to science shows also a positive association with later technological diffusion. Originality and radicalness have more ambiguous results. This work can be seen as a foundation for the future development of a methodology providing guidance to policymakers in the choices made with respect to public support for different technological fields.
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 96 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 14
    Keywords: Employment ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Motivated by the ongoing interest of policy makers in the sources of job creation, this paper presents results from a new OECD project on the dynamics of employment (DynEmp) based on an innovative methodology using firm-level data (i.e. national business registers or similar sources). It demonstrates that among small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), young firms play a central role in creating jobs, whereas old SMEs tend to destroy jobs. This pattern holds robustly across 17 OECD countries and Brazil, extending recent evidence found in the United States. The paper also shows that young firms are always net job creators throughout the business cycle, even during the financial crisis. During the crisis, entry and post-entry growth by young firms were affected most heavily, although downsizing by old firms was responsible for most job losses. The results also highlight large cross-country differences in the growth potential of young firms, pointing to the role played by national policies in enabling successful firms to create jobs.
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  • 18
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 S.)
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2014/02
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Mikrodaten ; Datenverarbeitung ; Software ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper introduces a new Stata® command, dynemp, which implements a distributed micro-data analysis of business and employment dynamics and firm demographics. The data source it requires are business registers or comparable firm- or establishment- level longitudinal databases which cover the (near-) universe of companies in all business sectors. Access to such confidential data is usually restricted and the micro-level data cannot be brought together to a single platform for cross-country analysis. To solve this confidentiality problem while also maintaining a high level of harmonisation of the key economic concepts (gross job flows, growth rates of employment, definition of high-growth firms, etc.), dynemp can be distributed in a network of researchers who have access to the national confidential microdata. In such manner, the rich firm-level employment dynamics can be analysed from new angles (such as firm age and size), significantly expanding the scope of the analysis insofar possible using more aggregated data.
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  • 19
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2014/01
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: 2005 - 2010 ; Öko-Produkt ; Risikokapital ; Umweltpolitik ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; BRICS-Staaten ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Start-up firms play a crucial role in bringing to the market the innovations needed to move to a greener growth path. Risk finance is essential for allowing new ventures to commercialise new ideas and grow, especially in emerging sectors. Still, very little is known about the drivers and the characteristics of risk finance in the green sector. This paper aims to fill this gap by providing a detailed description of risk finance in the green sector across 29 OECD and BRIICS countries over the period 2005-2010 and identifying the role that policies might have in shaping high-growth investments in this sector. Results are drawn from a comprehensive deal-level database of businesses seeking financing in the green industry combined with indicators of renewable policies and government R&D expenditures. The results suggest that both supply-side policies and environmental deployment policies, designed with a long-term perspective of creating a market for environmental technologies, are associated with higher levels of risk finance relative to more short-term fiscal policies, such as tax incentives and rebates. In addition, when focusing on renewable energy generation, the results confirm the positive association of generous feed-in tariffs (FITs) with risk-finance investment. However in the solar sector excessively generous FITs tend to discourage investment.
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  • 20
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2014/03
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: 2005 - 2011 ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Auslandsinvestition ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Energiewirtschaft ; Portfolio-Management ; Übernahme ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The study assesses the role of feed-in tariffs (FITs) and renewable energy certificates (RECs) in creating incentives for cross-border investments and for investments in particular technological portfolios via M&A. The analysis explores the dataset on M&As in alternative energy sources worldwide over 2005-2011. The results suggests that FITs encourage more diversified M&A than RECs. With respect to foreign investment, the study finds a linear relationship between FITs and cross-border M&As in the wind energy sector, but an inverted U-shaped relationship in the solar energy sector. One possible explanation for the latter may lie in reduced policy credibility due to the public finance implications of ‘generous’ FITs. Another possible explanation for this finding concerns the use of high solar FITs by countries whose natural conditions provide little comparative advantage in solar energy, suggesting that low profitability and limited potential of solar energy in those countries might have deterred the entry of foreign investors.
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  • 21
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 91 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 1
    Keywords: Unternehmenswachstum ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Arbeitsrecht ; Arbeitsschutz ; Finanzsystem ; Industrieländer ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Differences in the dynamisms of economies are persistent. Notwithstanding the growing body of evidence documenting these large cross-country differences, our understanding of what drives them is still rather limited. This paper seeks to help close this gap. Using unique data for ten countries the analysis sheds light on the factors that shape the distribution of firm growth and on what role policies play in driving cross-country differences. The paper provides new evidence on the link of labour market regulation, bankruptcy legislation, financial market development and R&D support policies with growth dynamics. The study goes beyond looking at differences in average growth rates as it analyses changes in the whole distribution of firms.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Budapest : Hungarian Institute for Educational Research and Development
    ISBN: 9789264174610
    Language: Hungarian
    Pages: Online-Ressource , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Networks of Innovation; Towards New Models for Managing Schools and Systems
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réseaux d'innovation ; Vers de nouveaux modèles de gestion des écoles et des systèmes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Networks of Innovation: Towards New Models for Managing Schools and Systems
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réseaux d'innovation : Vers de nouveaux modèles de gestion des écoles et des systèmes
    Keywords: Education ; Governance
    Abstract: A hazai és nemzetközi tapasztalatok alapján az intézményi, helyi és rendszerszintű változások elősegítéséhez célszerű az érintettek partnerségére törekedni, és a párhuzamos erőfeszítések révén nyert tudást, valamint a működő gyakorlatok cseréjét a hálózatos működés lehetőségeivel támogatni. A meglévő tapasztalatok ellenére a hálózatokban zajló munka, különösen új hálózatok építése és működésük vagy növekedésük segítése, áldozattal járó kihívás a többség számára. A horizontális együttműködéssel járó erőfeszítések olyan befektetést jelentenek, amelyek számos közvetett hatáson keresztül és gyakran csak hosszabb távon „térülnek meg”. A hálózatosodás szakmai és pénzügyi ösztönzése csökkentheti a többletvállalásoktól való tartózkodást, a szakmai elbizonytalanodás és a konfliktusoktól való félelem kockázatát. A pályázati lehetőségeken túl az eredményes együttműködés technikai és emberi dimenzióira is nagy hangsúlyt kell fektetni. Az e területre vonatkozó tudás gyarapításához kíván lendületet adni a kiadvány, melynek kérdésfelvetéseit, elméleti alapvetéseit és esettanulmányokra épülő gyakorlati következtetéseit reményeink szerint izgalmas viták és a hálózatosodás további erősödése követheti majd.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789264166790
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Review of Telecommunication Policy and Regulation in Mexico
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Mexico
    Abstract: El presente estudio ha sido realizado por la Dirección de Ciencia, Tecnología e Industria de la ocde (dsti) bajo los auspicios del Comité de Políticas de la Información, Informática y Comunicación (Comité iccp) en respuesta a una solicitud del gobierno de México, a instancias de la Comisión Federal de Telecomunicaciones (Cofetel), y a través de la Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes (sct), por ser ambas instituciones las encargadas de representar a México en el Comité iccp. La revisión de la ocde de la política y la regulación de las telecomunicaciones tomó como base las respuestas de las autoridades mexicanas a un cuestionario, así como los resultados de una extensa serie de entrevistas realizadas a los principales actores del sector de las telecomunicaciones durante una misión de investigación efectuada en México. El informe fue objeto de una revisión de pares en el Comité iccp el 27 de octubre de 2011, siendo la revisión encabezada por la doctora Mónica Ariño (Ofcom, Reino Unido) y el señor François Lions (arcep, Francia). Se terminó a principios de noviembre de 2011 y refleja los avances hasta ese momento.
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.2
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Few would dispute that having a higher education is more important than ever to help people build positive economic futures and strengthen the knowledge economies of countries. Yet as the second issue of the OECD’s new brief series Education Indicators in Focus explains, OECD countries have adopted dramatically different strategies for increasing higher education access – both in terms of how higher education is financed, and in the level of financial support they provide to individuals seeking a degree.
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  • 25
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.12
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Are Boys and Girls Ready for the Digital Age?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Les technologies de l'information et de la communication révolutionnent non seulement la vitesse de transmission des informations, mais aussi les modalités de diffusion et de réception de ces dernières. Les innovations technologiques modifient en profondeur les types de compétences requises à l'heure actuelle sur le marché du travail et les catégories d'emplois offrant le meilleur potentiel de croissance. La plupart de ces emplois nécessitent désormais une certaine familiarité avec la navigation sur support électronique, voire la maîtrise de cette dernière qui demande aux lecteurs de déterminer eux-mêmes la structure de ce qu'ils lisent au lieu de suivre simplement l'ordre pré-établi du texte, comme dans un livre…
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  • 26
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.1
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: With all the economic turmoil of the past several years, have you ever wished you could buy an insurance policy to protect against the effects of a global recession? Well, such an insurance policy already exists – and it’s called higher education. During the first two years of the global economic crisis, in country after country, people with a tertiary (higher) education were much less likely to be unemployed, much more likely to be participating in the labour force, and more likely to have higher earnings, compared to their less-educated counterparts. These and other findings are discussed in the first issue of the OECD’s new education brief series, Education Indicators in Focus.
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  • 27
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.12
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Garçons et filles sont-ils également prêts à affronter l'ère numérique ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Information and communication technologies revolutionise not only the speed at which information can be transmitted, but also how information is conveyed and received. Technological innovations have a profound effect on the types of skills that are demanded in today's labour markets and the types of jobs that have the greatest potential for growth. Most of these jobs now require some familiarity with, if not mastery of, navigating through digital material where readers determine the structure of what they read rather than follow the pre-established order of text as presented in a book…
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  • 28
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.13
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Argent rime-t-il avec bonne performance dans l'enquête PISA ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This issue will show that strong performers do not invest scarce resources in smaller classes, but in higher teachers' salaries. They are neither the countries that spend the most on education, nor are they the wealthiest countries; rather they are the countries that are committed to providing high-quality education to all students in the belief that all students can achieve at high levels.
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  • 29
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.13
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Does Money Buy Strong Performance in PISA?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Ce numéro montre que les pays les plus performants préfèrent investir les ressources limitées dont ils disposent dans la valorisation des salaires des enseignants plutôt que dans la réduction des effectifs en classe. Ce ne sont ni les pays qui réalisent les dépenses d'éducation les plus importantes, ni les pays les plus riches ; il s'agit plutôt des pays qui s'engagent à offrir à l'ensemble de leurs élèves une éducation de qualité, forts de la conviction que la réussite est à la portée de tous.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789264060111
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Estudio de la OCDE sobre políticas y regulación de telecomunicaciones en México
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD review of telecommunication policy and regulation in Mexico
    Keywords: Telekommunikationspolitik ; Regulierung ; Mexiko ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Mexico ; Mexiko ; Telekommunikationspolitik ; Regulierung
    Abstract: This publication reviews the telecommunication market in Mexico, examines the current policy and regulatory framework of the sector and puts forward proposals for reform in order to develop competition in the market.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789264167445
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Improving agricultural knowledge and innovation systems
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Science and Technology ; Konferenzschrift 2011 ; Wissensbasiertes System ; Innovation ; Landwirtschaft
    Abstract: This conference proceedings from the OECD Conference on Agricultural Knowledge Systems (AKS), held in Paris, on 15-17 June 2011, discusses a large range of experiences and approaches to AKS explores how to foster development and adoption of innovation to meet global food security and climate change challenges. The conference considered developments in institutional frameworks, public and private roles and partnerships, regulatory frameworks conducive to innovation, the adoption of innovations and technology transfers, and the responsiveness of AKS to broader policy objectives.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789264075474
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2009 Assessment Framework; Key Competencies in Reading, Mathematics and Science
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2009 Assessment Framework: Key Competencies in Reading, Mathematics and Science
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Cette publication présente le fondement théorique qui sous-tend l’élaboration de la dernière enquête PISA. Ce cadre retravaillé et étendu couvre non seulement l’évaluation des compétences en lecture et en compréhension de textes imprimés, mais aussi une composante innovante qui permet d’évaluer les compétences des élèves en lecture, navigation et compréhension de textes électroniques. Par ailleurs, cette publication fournit également la base d’évaluation des compétences en mathématiques et en sciences. Enfin, elle présente la théorie sur laquelle reposent les questionnaires utilisés pour rassembler des informations de la part des élèves, des établissements scolaires et des parents sur des sujets tels que le contexte familial et les approches des élèves vis-à-vis de l’apprentissage et des environnements scolaires.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789264130852
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Across OECD countries, almost one in every five students does not reach a basic minimum level of skills. In addition, students from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds are twice as likely to be low performers. Lack of fairness and inclusion can lead to school failure and this means that one in every five young adults on average drop out before completing upper secondary education. Reducing school failure pays off for both society and individuals. The highest performing education systems across OECD countries combine quality with equity. This report presents policy recommendations for education systems to help all children succeed in their schooling.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264128859
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Literacy, numeracy and problem solving in technology-rich environments
    RVK:
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Erwachsene ; Analphabetismus ; Informationstechnik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Erwachsener ; Schreib- und Lesefähigkeit ; Rechenfähigkeit
    Abstract: A basic level of literacy and numeracy is essential for full participation in modern societies. While very few people in most of the advanced countries could be regarded as illiterate or innumerate, recent studies have shown that there are, in fact, significant numbers of people with poor skills, and that low levels of skills are associated with lower wages and greater chances of unemployment and disengagement from the labour market. At the same time, technological changes, particularly the increasing presence of information and communication technologies in all areas of life, have led to a growing demand for higher-level cognitive skills that involve understanding, interpreting, analysing and communicating complex information. In this context, policy makers need the most comprehensive and up-to-date information if they want to ensure that the supply of skills in the labour force matches labour-market demand. The Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), an international assessment of adult skills managed by the OECD, will be central in providing that information. Implemented by 25 countries in Europe, the Americas and Asia, PIAAC is compiling one of the richest sources of data regarding the skills that adults use in their work, home and communities, and related information, including family background, education, employment, income, civic participation and health. Results from the data, which are being collected from August 2011 to March 2012, will be available at the end of 2013. This report maps the development of the Programme, from determining what should be measured, to defining the meaning of PIAAC’s three core domains, “literacy”, “numeracy” and “problem solving in technology-rich environments”, to designing assessment tasks and determining how those tasks will be interpreted. It summarises the draft frameworks, developed by dedicated experts, for each of the assessment domains, and includes examples of the items and stimuli used to measure proficiency in the three domains. In essence, it provides an overview and a look at the underpinnings of PIAAC.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789264091269
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La littératie, un atout pour la vie ; Version préliminaire; Nouveaux résultats de l'Enquête sur la littératie et les compétences des adultes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La littératie, un atout pour la vie : Version préliminaire: Nouveaux résultats de l'Enquête sur la littératie et les compétences des adultes
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Literacy for Life is the second report from the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey. It presents additional results on the nature and magnitude of the literacy gaps faced by OECD countries and how these gaps have evolved over the medium term. It offers new insights into the factors that influence the formation of adult skills in various settings – at home and at work – for the eleven countries participating in the first and last round of data collection between 2003 and 2008. The study offers comparative evidence on the impact of various factors on the supply of skill. The study offers a special focus on numeracy skills and problem solving skills. It explores the relationships between numeracy and key socio-demographic factors as well as labour market outcomes and earnings. It highlights the importance of problem solving skills by defining this foundational skill and by exploring its determinants as well as its relative role in influencing important labour market outcomes. The report offers also an analysis of performance across multiple skill domains. It investigates the skill profiles of various population groups defined in terms of the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of those who score at levels deemed to be low in one or more skill domains and explores the resulting consequences. The report concludes by investigating the issue of skill mismatch in the labour market and its relationship to adult learning. The extent and distribution of mismatch between the day-to-day literacy related requirements of workers and the literacy skills they have obtained is an important issue that is being explored in this study.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Concepcion : Bio Bio Regional Agency for Innovation and Productive Development, Chile
    ISBN: 9789264075900
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Higher Education in Regional and City Development; Bío Bío Region, Chile 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Higher Education in Regional and City Development: Bío Bío Region, Chile 2010
    Keywords: Education ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Chile
    Abstract: The Bío Bío Region has pioneered regional development in Chile. It has a high concentration of higher education and research activity. Its universities and other higher education institutions have made significant progress in widening access to education. But challenges remain: the Bío Bío Region continues to suffer from brain drain as well as higher than average unemployment and poverty rates. How can the Bío Bío Region promote new business formation and the development of the existing small and medium-sized companies? What incentives are needed to improve higher education institutions’ regional and local orientation? How can higher education institutions move from knowledge generation towards knowledge transfer? This joint OECD and World Bank review explores a range of helpful policy measures and institutional reforms to mobilise higher education for the development of the Bío Bío Region. It is part of the series of the OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. These reviews help mobilise higher education institutions for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts upon regional and local development and bring together universities, other higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and to work towards them.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789264059986
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Establishing a Framework for Evaluation and Teacher Incentives; Considerations for Mexico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Establishing a Framework for Evaluation and Teacher Incentives: Considerations for Mexico
    Keywords: Education ; Mexico
    Abstract: En esta época marcada por las economías del conocimiento y cambios demográficos significativos, todos los sistemas educativos se encuentran ante la necesidad de mejorar los resultados del aprendizaje y lograrlo aún con recursos limitados. Con el fin de asistir a México y a otros países en este desafío, esta publicación presenta recomendaciones para el diseño, planeación, ejecución y monitoreo de políticas educativas en torno a la medición del aprendizaje, los estándares educativos y la evaluación docente, con base en las mejores prácticas internacionales. Considerando que la calidad de los resultados de los sistemas educativos no puede ser mayor que la calidad de sus docentes, esta publicación subraya la importancia de la evaluación y el reconocimiento de los docentes. Sin embargo, la implementación efectiva de reformas educativas puede ser un proceso complejo y con grandes retos. La simple identificación y enumeración de las políticas que deberán ser implementadas no resulta suficiente. Los gobiernos también deberán determinar el “cómo” para el diseño y puesta en marcha de políticas educativas. Para ello, esta publicación presenta recomendaciones específicas y un método para que los tomadores de decisiones y actores relevantes analicen y se apropien de las mejores prácticas internacionales, pero adaptadas a los contextos locales. Este reporte presenta las recomendaciones desarrolladas por el Consejo Asesor de la OCDE sobre Políticas de Evaluación e Incentivos Docentes en México, integrado por expertos reconocidos y analistas de la OCDE.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Barcelona : Fundació Barcelona FP, Spain
    ISBN: 9789264118478
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Formation et emploi ; relever le défi de la réussite
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Studien zur Berufsbildung; Lernen für die Arbeitswelt
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Learning for Jobs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Formation et emploi : relever le défi de la réussite
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Studien zur Berufsbildung: Lernen für die Arbeitswelt
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Para los países de la OCDE, un nivel alto de competencias laborales prácticas constituye un medio clave para fomentar el crecimiento económico. En la actualidad, se está sometiendo a los sistemas de educación y formación profesional (EFP) a un intenso escrutinio para determinar si pueden proporcionar las competencias necesarias. Formación para el trabajo es un estudio de la OCDE sobre la educación y formación profesional diseñado para ayudar a los países a dotar a sus sistemas de EFP de una mayor capacidad de respuesta frente a las necesidades del mercado laboral. Expande la evidencia empírica existente, identifica un conjunto de opciones en materia de políticas y desarrolla herramientas para evaluar las políticas de EFP. La OCDE está llevando a cabo informes nacionales sobre las políticas de EFP en Alemania, Australia, Austria, Bélgica (Flandes), Corea, los Estados Unidos (Carolina del Sur y Texas), Hungría, Irlanda, México, Noruega, el Reino Unido (Inglaterra y Gales), la República Checa, Suecia y Suiza. También se han elaborado un informe inicial sobre Chile y un breve informe sobre la República Popular China. El informe inicial de Formación para el trabajo está disponible, en su versión original en inglés, en la web de la OCDE.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264119581
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Series Statement: Strong Performers and Successful Reformers in Education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Strong performers and successful reformers in education
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Griechenland ; Education ; Brazil ; Canada ; China, People’s Republic ; Finland ; Germany ; Japan ; Poland ; Singapore ; Sweden ; United States ; Griechenland ; Bildungspolitik
    Abstract: The future of Greece’s well-being will depend on improving educational performance to boost productivity and improve social outcomes. In the current economic context, with the need to get best value for spending, Greece must and can address inefficiencies in its education system. The challenges are significant. For example, Greece lags behind many OECD countries in performance on PISA, including countries with the same or lower levels of expenditure per student as well as countries with the same and lower levels of economic development. Salary costs per student are above the OECD average, mostly because Greek teachers have less teaching time and Greece has smaller classes. A smaller percentage of students who enter tertiary education complete a first degree within the statutory study time than in any other country in Europe. To address the challenges, the Greek government has established a bold agenda and sought advice from a task force on the development and implementation of reform proposals that reflect best practices in OECD countries. This report provides the outcomes of the work of the task force. It presents a roadmap for how the reforms can be successfully implemented, with pointers to relevant experience in other countries. As a contribution to the on-going policy discussions in Greece, it recommends specific short-, medium- and long-term actions that can improve efficiency in the country’s education system.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Budapest : Hungarian Institute for Educational Research and Development
    ISBN: 9789264169418
    Language: Hungarian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Innovation in the Knowledge Economy; Implications for Education and Learning
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Innovation in the Knowledge Economy: Implications for Education and Learning
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: E kiadvány fordításával bátorítjuk azokat, akik szerint még nem késtünk le arról, hogy az oktatás világában felvegyük a modern tudásközpontú társadalmak által diktált tempót, előtérbe helyezve az eredményességet, a méltányosságot, valamint a rendszer hatékonyságát szolgáló innovációs eszköztárat. Az innováció a tanítás-tanulás világában is nélkülözhetetlen, érinti az oktatási intézmények szervezetét, munkamódszereit, szolgáltatásainak kínálatát. A sok belső változó által meghatározott innovációs képesség függ a külső tényezőktől is. A kötet e tényezők és az általuk befolyásolt oktatási innovációs folyamatok megértéséhez nyújt segítséget. A változó elvárások kontextusába helyezve értelmezi a tudás és a tudásalapú közösségek fogalmait. Központi szerepet szán annak a metaforának, amelyben négy „pumpa” hatásain keresztül megérthetjük az innováció fontos hajtóerőit, amik kedvező feltételeket teremtenek az újító erejű változásokhoz. Számos további kérdés mellett vizsgálja a nyilvánosság kérdését, amely az információs korban a demokratikus tudásmegosztás ideájának fontos eszköze.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789264097780
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (135 p.)
    Series Statement: Revisión de Políticas Nacionales de Educación
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Chile's International Scholarship Programme
    Keywords: Education ; Chile
    Abstract: La educación ha sido una prioridad central para Chile desde hace mucho tiempo y un factor clave para su desarrollo económico. Durante las dos últimas décadas, el país ha hecho un gran esfuerzo por aumentar el número de jóvenes que acceden a la educación superior. En 2008, Chile lanzó una prometedora iniciativa para desarrollar su capital humano con un programa de becas en el extranjero – el Programa Becas Chile – con el objetivo de formar a los 30 000 mejores estudiantes, incluyendo profesores y técnicos, en instituciones a su elección del mundo entero. Este informe conjunto de la OCDE y el Banco Mundial, proporciona una visión general del capital humano en Chile; describe las características del Programa Becas Chile; analiza puntos estratégicos y operacionales; y proporciona recomendaciones para mantener y mejorar el programa de becas en el extranjero. Este informe será de utilidad tanto a los profesionales de la educación en Chile como a sus colegas internacionales.
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789264097391
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (71 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lessons from PISA for Mexico
    Keywords: Education ; Mexico
    Abstract: En noviembre de 2007, el presidente Felipe Calderón presentó las principales estrategias, objetivos y metas de desempeño en educación del gobierno mexicano. La primera meta de desempeño de la administración del presidente Calderón fue elevar substancialmente el aprovechamiento de los alumnos para alcanzar un promedio nacional combinado de 435 puntos en el Programa para la Evaluación Internacional de Alumnos (PISA, por sus siglas en inglés), en lectura y matemáticas, para el año 2012. En esta publicación se presenta un resumen de las tendencias en el desempeño de México en PISA y se les considera en relación con el objetivo de PISA fijado por el gobierno mexicano. Asimismo, se examinan las tendencias con respecto al acceso a la educación para los jóvenes de 15 años de edad y las cuestiones de equidad, indicadas por el impacto del entorno socioeconómico en el desempeño de los alumnos. Los adelantos que ha logrado México desde que el presidente Calderón estableció la meta de desempeño de PISA han sido significativos. México parece estar bien encaminado para cumplir su objetivo de desempeño en 2012. Además, en la publicación se analiza el desempeño de México en comparación con otros países de la OCDE, del G20 y con economías similares a fin de destacar que aún se necesita mejorar. Con base en una comparación del desempeño entre las escuelas mexicanas, el informe indica que un desempeño relativamente más alto no está condicionado por el entorno socioeconómico. El reporte concluye al reunir evidencia de PISA y el análisis de una selección de los sistemas educativos de desempeño más alto, con lo que se ofrece una perspectiva a largo plazo para la mejora educativa en México.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789264113879
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. The Korean VET system is part of a system of education which has achieved huge advances in a very short time; school results and educational attainment levels are now among the highest in OECD countries. At the same time, the rapidity of change has presented the Korean VET system with some significant challenges, including weak involvement of industry in VET, lack of quality standards for workplace training, weak linkages between VET degree and national technical qualifications and lack of practical work experience among VET teachers. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789264090170
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring Improvements in Learning Outcomes; Best Practices to Assess the Value-Added of Schools
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring Improvements in Learning Outcomes: Best Practices to Assess the Value-Added of Schools
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: El creciente interés en los modelos de valor agregado se deriva de la mayor precisión que ofrecen estos modelos para medir el desempeño escolar. Proporcionan una base cuantitativa fundamentalmente más exacta y valiosa que las puntuaciones brutas de pruebas y estudios transversales para planear mejoras escolares, diseñar políticas educativas y poner en marcha acuerdos eficaces de rendición de cuentas escolar. Con la gran presión sobre los sistemas educativos de los países dentro y fuera de la OCDE para que mejoren su eficacia y eficiencia, cada vez se reconoce más el papel que las medidas de desempeño precisas representan en el diseño e implantación de iniciativas de políticas educativas y desarrollo escolar. En esta publicación se identifican tres objetivos amplios de políticas que impulsan el desarrollo de modelos de valor agregado en un sistema educativo: iniciativas de mejoras escolares, la rendición de cuentas de las escuelas y de los sistemas educativos y la elección de escuela. El empleo de datos de desempeño en la toma de decisiones referente a estos objetivos de políticas depende de la precisión de las medidas de desempeño empleadas. Sin embargo, la difusión de la toma de decisiones con base en datos para promover objetivos de políticas se ha visto obstaculizada por la falta de datos de desempeño escolar precisos, esenciales para las mejoras educativas. Las mediciones de valor agregado son un avance significativo, al dar una medida más precisa del desempeño escolar en la cual basar decisiones que fomenten objetivos de políticas y eleven el desempeño escolar. Los beneficios se acumulan a partir del uso de los modelos de valor agregado para programas y políticas específicas, así como para la toma de decisiones en los ámbitos tanto escolar como del sistema educativo. Una discusión detallada sobre los beneficios y los retos en el diseño de modelos de valor agregado, así como lineamientos sobre el diseño y puesta en marcha de sistemas de evaluación basados en ellos, se encuentran en este libro que ha sido traducido y actualizado al 2010 de su versión original en inglés. Esta obra forma parte del Acuerdo Para Mejorar la Calidad de la Educación de las Escuelas en México, firmado por el gobierno de México y la OCDE.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789264113725
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (58 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Chile
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. The government’s commitment to develop and reform the VET system is illustrated by the recent work of the VET Commission and the creation of the National Council for VET. Chilean society places a high value on education and training, with fast-increasing participation in post-compulsory education. At the same time, the various elements of the VET system are weakly connected to each other, the literacy and numeracy skills of 15 year olds in Chile are not as good as they should be, and workplace training, as part of VET programmes, is weakly developed. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 46
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Has Discipline in School Deteriorated?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Les classes et les établissements d’enseignement qui déplorent davantage de problèmes de discipline sont moins propices à l’apprentissage, puisque les enseignants doivent passer plus de temps à faire régner le calme avant de pouvoir commencer la classe. Les interruptions de cours perturbent la concentration des élèves et leur engagement en classe. Les résultats du P ISA 2009 montrent que le climat de discipline est fortement corrélé à la performance des élèves ; ceux qui déclarent que leurs cours dans la langue d’instruction sont souvent interrompus obtiennent de moins bons résultats que ceux qui ne signalent que peu d’interruptions des cours, voire aucune...
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  • 47
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.49
    Keywords: Education ; Poland
    Abstract: Increasing the share of vocational secondary schooling has been a mainstay of development policy for decades, especially in formerly socialist countries. However, the transition to market economies led to significant restructuring of school systems and a decline in the number of vocational students. Exposing more students to a general curriculum could improve academic abilities. To test the hypothesis that delayed vocational streaming improves academic outcomes, this paper analyses Poland’s significant improvement in international achievement tests and the restructuring of the education system, which expanded general schooling. Using propensity-score matching and difference-in-differences estimates, the authors show that delaying vocational education had a positive and significant impact on student performance on the order of one standard deviation.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.181
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report surveys national broadband plans (NBP) across the OECD area, providing an overview of common elements and goals in those plans. An annex to this report contains references and links to the plans.
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789264113756
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (69 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. The Czech Republic has done much to improve its VET system through the introduction of a new qualification system and a national standardised exam in apprenticeship programmes, among other initiatives. The Czech VET system is supported by an impressive date base on labour market outcomes of education and training. At the same time, the general skills of apprenticeship graduates are poor and their situation in the labour market is fragile. Students also need better information about career choices, and the provision of workplace training is highly variable. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 50
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'accès à l'enseignement préprimaire permet-il d'améliorer les résultats scolaires ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: It’s elementary: students benefit from pre-primary education. The OECD’s PISA 2009 results show that in practically all OECD countries 15-year-old students who had attended some pre-primary school outperformed students who had not. In fact, the difference between students who had attended for more than one year and those who had not attended at all averaged 54 score points in the PISA reading assessment – or more than one year of formal schooling (39 score points). While most students who had attended pre-primary education had come from advantaged backgrounds, the performance gap remains even when comparing students from similar backgrounds. After accounting for socio-economic background, students who had attended pre-primary school scored an average of 33 points higher than those who had not...
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789264113800
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (74 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Studien zur Berufsbildung ; Lernen für die Arbeitswelt Studie über Deutschland 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Studien zur Berufsbildung : Lernen für die Arbeitswelt Studie über Deutschland 2010
    Keywords: Education ; Germany
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. Germany has a very well developed and widely respected VET system with a strong dual component integrating learning in schools and workplace training. VET policy, design and delivery are strongly supported by social partner engagement and institutionalised VET research capacity. At the same time the German system confronts several challenges: the transition system is costly and suffers from undue fragmentation; more attention could be placed on adequate career guidance and basic skills provision; assessment is dominated by the Chamber exam; and only very few VET graduates take up university studies despite reforms to open access considerably. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264107243
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (66 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Strong Performers and Successful Reformers in Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sistemas fuertes y reformadores exitosos en la educación; Lecciones de PISA para México
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sistemas fuertes y reformadores exitosos en la educación: Lecciones de PISA para México
    Keywords: Education ; Mexico
    Abstract: This report presents a summary of the trends in Mexico’s performance in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and considers them in relation to the PISA target established by the Mexican government. Trends regarding access to education by 15-year-olds and equity as indicated by the impact of socio-economic background on students’ performance are also examined. The report shows that the performance gains that Mexico has achieved since Mexico’s President Calderón established the PISA performance target have been significant and Mexico seems well on track to meet its 2012 target. In addition, the report reviews Mexico’s performance compared to other countries in the OECD, the G20, and to similar economies to also highlight that improvement is still needed. Based on a comparison of performance between Mexican schools, the report also shows that relatively higher performance is not dictated by socio-economic background. The report concludes by drawing together evidence from PISA and an examination of a selection of today’s highest performing education systems in order to provide a long-term perspective for educational improvement in Mexico.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789264113718
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Belgium
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. The Flemish VET system has a good range of vocational options at different levels. The system is underpinned by strong academic standards reflected in the performance of 15-year-olds and compulsory education up to age 18. Commendable attention is given to entrepreneurial training. Policy development is dynamic and evidence is used extensively in reforms. At the same time the system faces a number of challenges, including early tracking, weaknesses in literacy and numeracy skills among some students, and too many unqualified school leavers. The use of workplace training is very variable, and some training provision inadequately reflects labour market needs. The quality of career guidance in compulsory education could also usefully be improved. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789264113824
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Hungary
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. Since 1989, Hungary has made significant efforts to restructure its VET system and it now has many strengths, including a strong national qualifications framework. But there are significant challenges, including weak links between VET and the labour market, early tracking and multiple selection mechanisms in the school system, and the low status of VET. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La discipline en classe s'est-elle détériorée ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Classrooms and schools with more disciplinary problems are less conducive to learning, since teachers have to spend more time creating an orderly environment before instruction can begin. Interruptions in the classroom disrupt students’ concentration on, and their engagement in, their lessons. Results from PISA 2009 show that disciplinary climate is strongly associated with student performance. Students who reported that their reading lessons are often interrupted perform less well than students who reported that there are few or no interruptions in class. Popular belief has it that every successive crop of students is less disciplined than the one before it, and that teachers are losing control over their classes. But popular belief has it wrong: according to data gathered in PISA 2009, the majority of students in OECD countries enjoy orderly classrooms, and between 2000 and 2009, discipline in school did not deteriorate – in fact, in most countries it improved...
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264091542
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2009 Results; Learning to Learn; Student Engagement, Strategies and Practices (Volume III)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2009 Results: Learning to Learn: Student Engagement, Strategies and Practices (Volume III)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Ce volume III du Résultats du PISA 2009 analyse la motivation des élèves de 15 ans, leur engagement envers la lecture et leur utilisation de stratégies d’apprentissage efficaces.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9789264097643
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2009 Results; What Students Know and Can Do; Student Performance in Reading, Mathematics and Science (Volume I)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2009 Ergebnisse; Was Schülerinnen und Schüler wissen und können; Schülerleistungen in Lesekompetenz, Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften (Band 1)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Informe PISA 2009; Lo que los estudiantes saben y pueden hacer ; Rendimiento de los estudiantes en lectura, matemáticas y ciencias
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2009 Results: What Students Know and Can Do: Student Performance in Reading, Mathematics and Science (Volume I)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2009 Ergebnisse: Was Schülerinnen und Schüler wissen und können: Schülerleistungen in Lesekompetenz, Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften (Band 1)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Informe PISA 2009: Lo que los estudiantes saben y pueden hacer : Rendimiento de los estudiantes en lectura, matemáticas y ciencias
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Les élèves sont-ils bien préparés à relever les défis que l’avenir leur réserve ? Sont-ils capables d’analyser, de raisonner et de communiquer leurs idées de manière probante ? Ont-ils découvert la nature des objectifs qu’ils poursuivront leur vie durant en tant que membres productifs de l’économie et de la société ? Le Programme international de l’OCDE pour le suivi des acquis des élèves (PISA) cherche à répondre à ces questions au travers de l’évaluation internationale la plus complète et la plus rigoureuse des connaissances et compétences des élèves. Pris ensemble, les pays et économies participant au PISA représentent près de 90 % de l’économie mondiale. Les Résultats du PISA 2009 présentent les conclusions du dernier cycle d’évaluation PISA, dont le domaine principal d’évaluation était la compréhension de l’écrit, mais qui s’est également attaché aux compétences des élèves en mathématiques et en sciences. Ce rapport est publié en six volumes. Le volume I, Savoirs et savoir-faire des élèves : Performance des élèves en compréhension de l’écrit, en mathématiques et en sciences, compare le profil de connaissances et de compétences des élèves entre les différents pays et économies.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264090873
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Many socio-economically disadvantaged students excel in PISA. Students who succeed at school despite a disadvantaged background -- resilient students -- are the focus of Against the Odds. The report shows that overcoming barriers to achievement is possible, and provides students, parents, policy makers and other education stakeholders insights into what enables socio-economically disadvantaged students to fulfil their potential. Resilient students are characterised by positive approaches to learning, for example, having more interest in science or having more self-confidence. The evidence in PISA shows that positive approaches to learning tend to boost the performance of advantaged students more than that of disadvantaged ones. From an equity perspective, therefore, policies aimed at fostering positive approaches to learning ought to target disadvantaged students more than others.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264114029
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (66 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. In Texas, secondary level career and technical education (CTE) is provided within a comprehensive high school framework. Texas has encouraged a wide variety of innovative learning initiatives, established good articulation between high school CTE and postsecondary programs and benefits from a strong network of community colleges and universities. At the same time the state faces some challenges in ensuring minimum quality standards in CTE, in providing sufficient good quality career advice, and providing an adequate range of workplace learning opportunities. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the CTE system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 60
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.8
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Do Students Today Read for Pleasure?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Les élèves fortement engagés dans un large éventail d’activés de lecture sont davantage susceptibles que les autres d’être des apprenants efficaces et d’obtenir de bons résultats scolaires. Les études menées sur ce sujet font également état d’un lien fort entre les pratiques de lecture, la motivation et les compétences chez les adultes. Les compétences en compréhension de l’écrit sont déterminantes pour comprendre le monde qui nous entoure et continuer à apprendre tout au long de la vie...
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  • 61
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.5
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. How Do Some Students Overcome Their Socio-Economic Background?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Les élèves issus d’un milieu socio-économique défavorisé sont-ils condamnés à perpétuer un cycle intergénérationnel de faibles résultats scolaires, de mauvaises perspectives d’emploi et de pauvreté ? Pas nécessairement, s’ils fréquentent des établissements leur proposant des cours sur une base plus régulière. Lors des enquêtes PISA 2006 et 2009, les élèves résilients ont affiché de bonnes performances malgré leur milieu d’origine défavorisé. Contre toute attente, ils ont obtenu de meilleurs résultats que leurs pairs issus du même milieu socio-économique pour se classer dans le quartile supérieur de performance au niveau international...
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  • 62
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Does Participation in Pre-Primary Education Translate into Better Learning Outcomes at School?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: C’est une évidence : l’enseignement préprimaire est bénéfique pour les élèves. Les résultats de l’enquête PISA 2009 montrent que, dans la quasi-totalité des pays de l’OCDE, les élèves de 15 ans ayant suivi un enseignement préprimaire obtiennent de meilleurs résultats que les autres. Ainsi, l’écart de score entre les élèves ayant suivi un enseignement préprimaire pendant plus d’un an et ceux n’ayant pas du tout suivi ce type d’enseignement s’élève à 54 points sur l’échelle PISA de compréhension de l’écrit – soit plus d’une année d’études (qui équivaut à 39 points). Si la plupart des élèves ayant suivi un enseignement préprimaire sont issus de milieux favorisés, l’écart de performance persiste même lorsque l’on compare des élèves issus de milieux similaires. Après contrôle du milieu socio-économique, les élèves ayant suivi un enseignement préprimaire obtiennent un score supérieur de 33 points, en moyenne, à celui des élèves n’ayant pas suivi ce type d’enseignement...
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.8
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les élèves d'aujourd'hui lisent-ils par plaisir ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Students who are highly engaged in a wide range of reading activities are more likely than other students to be effective learners and to perform well at school. Research also documents a strong link between reading practices, motivation and proficiency among adults. Proficiency in reading is crucial for individuals to make sense of the world they live in and to continue learning throughout their lives...
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9789264114012
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. South Carolina offers career and technology education (CATE) programs in high schools and career and technology centers, with relatively good status and linked to expectations of strong general skills. A reform agenda reflected in the ‘Education and Economic Development Act’ includes the development of high quality career guidance. There is also a strong technical college system. Wider challenges include an underlying problem of resources for schools, the need to further develop workplace learning, and the lack of basic skills both among school-leavers and adults. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the CATE system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.175
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Bundling can provide both benefits and drawbacks to broadband customers. In general, bundled services are less expensive when purchased together and consumer surplus from one good in the bundle can help “subsidise” another less-valued element. Bundling also allows the integration of products in a way that benefits consumers such as by giving them unified billing, a common helpline number or the integration of voice mail message retrieval via the television set...
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789264113947
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Norway
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. The Norwegian VET system has many strengths including strong and trustful co-operation between employers, unions and VET authorities and high-status VET tracks in upper secondary education. Many employers are keen to attract apprentices and there is a high level of adult literacy. But there are significant challenges, including an ageing workforce of school-based trainers, weak quality assurance mechanisms, high levels of dropout and concerns that the priority accorded to student choice may make the system unresponsive to labour market needs. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789264113763
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (51 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. In England and Wales, a substantial commitment, backed by increased resources, has been made to the enhancement of workplace skills. Policy-making is self-evidently dynamic and innovative and governments are making conscious attempts to improve employer engagement – the particular topic of this report. At the same time there are a number of challenges – in particular that of linking enhanced employer engagement to a strong apprenticeship system, and of overcoming the obstacle of a complex and unstable institutional environment. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.176
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Thirty years ago OECD governments adopted a set of Guidelines governing the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data. Faced with twin concerns about threats to privacy from more intensive use of personal data and the risk to the global economy of restrictions on the flow of information, the OECD produced the first internationally agreed statement of the core privacy protection principles. The Guidelines represent an international consensus on personal data protection in the public and private sectors. They have influenced the development of national legislation and model codes within OECD member countries, and beyond. This report begins by recalling the development and influence of the Guidelines. It then describes a number of current trends in the processing of personal data and the privacy risks in this evolving environment. It identifies some of the challenges that today’s environment brings for protecting privacy under existing approaches, and highlights a number of current initiatives and innovative approaches to privacy. Particular attention is focused on the impact of the Internet and other technologies, consistent with the issues and priorities highlighted in the 2008 Seoul Ministerial on the Future of the Internet Economy. The report aims to take a broad view of the current landscape for privacy, with a primary focus on economic activities. It does not describe in detail the myriad of initiatives to implement the Privacy Guidelines in OECD countries and beyond.
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789264113985
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. The Swiss VET system is very impressive. Its many strengths include strong employer engagement within a well functioning partnership of Confederation, cantons and professional organisations. School and work-based learning are integrated; the system is well-resourced, flexible and comprehensive, including a strong tertiary VET sector. VET teachers and trainers, examiners and directors are well prepared, quality control is ensured, career guidance is systematic and professional. Evidence is well developed and routinely used to support policy arguments. But at the same time there are a number of challenges. The global recession may reduce the provision of apprenticeship training, the entry of international companies may threaten dual system arrangements, competition between academic and vocational education could be sharpened by demographic changes, and there are some equity concerns. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264095298
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , ill.
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: PISA 2009 at a Glance is a companion publication to PISA 2009 Results, the six-volume report on the 2009 survey conducted by the OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). PISA assesses the extent to which students near the end of compulsory education have acquired some of the knowledge and skills that are essential for full participation in modern societies. Its triennial assessments of 15-year-olds focus on reading, mathematics and science. PISA 2009 at a Glance provides easily accessible data on the some of the main issues analysed in the full report: What students know and can do: How do students compare in the knowledge and skills they show at school? Which countries are the best performers? Which perform poorly? Overcoming social background: Does a student’s socio-economic background affect his or her performance in school? Learning to learn: Are there some types of reading, and some ways of learning, that are better for students than others? What makes a school successful?: What traits do high-performing schools have in common? Each issue is presented on a two-page spread. The left-hand page explains what the issue means both for students and for participating countries and economies, discusses the main findings and provides readers with a roadmap for finding out more in other OECD publications and databases. The right-hand page contains clearly presented charts and tables, accompanied by dynamic hyperlinks (StatLinks) that direct readers to the corresponding data in Excel™ format. PISA 2009 at a Glance is an ideal introduction to PISA and to the OECD’s rich trove of internationally comparable data on education and learning.
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.59
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The OECD Secretariat, at the invitation of the AHELO Group of National Experts, contracted the Tuning Association to undertake initial development work on learning outcomes to be used for valid and reliable assessments of students from diverse institutions and countries. The two disciplines selected for the AEHLO Feasibility Study are engineering and economics. Following the Tuning approach, academics from various regions and countries in the world reached consensus on definitions of expected learning outcomes for bachelor’s-type programmes in both disciplines. This Working Paper presents the outcomes of their work for the economics discipline. This report intends to identify a set of learning outcomes and spur on a collective reflection on learning outcomes for economics at the transnational level. In addition to the agreed upon learning outcomes, the paper presents an overview of the field of economics, the typical degrees and occupations in economics associated to the first and second cycle degrees. The paper also discusses the role of learning outcomes and presents the approach used to defining them. A summary of some of the prior work on the learning outcomes approaches in the economics field is also provided.
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  • 72
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Amélioration des performances : Et si la réussite venait d'en bas ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Since the PISA 2000 and 2009 surveys both focused on reading, one can track in detail how student reading performance has changed over that period. Among the 26 OECD countries with comparable results in both assessments, Chile, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Korea, Poland, Portugal, and the partner countries Albania, Brazil, Indonesia, Latvia, Liechtenstein and Peru all show overall improvements in reading performance. The fact that such a diverse group of countries succeeded in raising the level of their students’ performance in reading indicates that improvement is possible regardless of a country’s cultural context or where it starts out from. For example, Korea was already among the best-performing countries in 2000 and it improved further by 2009, Poland moved from below the OECD average to above it, and Chile rose from a relatively low performance rank to one that is much closer to that of other OECD countries...
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789264113978
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (58 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Sweden
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. Sweden has a well-established VET system at upper secondary level, grounded on strong outcomes in basic schooling, with high-status VET tracks and modest rates of dropout. The challenges to the system include relatively high rates of unemployment for young people, an ageing workforce of school-based trainers, and very limited engagement by the social partners. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 74
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving Performance: Leading from the Bottom
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Les cycles d’enquête PISA 2000 et PISA 2009 ayant tous deux pour domaine majeur d’évaluation la compréhension de l’écrit, il est possible de suivre de façon détaillée les évolutions de la performance des élèves dans ce domaine sur cette période. Sur les 26 pays présentant des résultats comparables aux deux évaluations, l’Allemagne, le Chili, la Corée, la Hongrie, Israël, le Pologne et le Portugal, et dans les pays partenaires, l’Albanie, le Brésil, l’Indonésie, la Lettonie, le Liechtenstein et le Pérou, ont tous enregistré une progression globale de leurs résultats en compréhension de l’écrit. Le caractère hétérogène de ce groupe de pays montre bien que les améliorations sont possibles, quel que soit le contexte culturel du pays ou le niveau initial de ses élèves. La Corée, par exemple, faisait déjà partie des pays les plus performants en 2000 et a poursuivi sa progression en 2009 ; la Pologne a évolué d’un niveau inférieur à un niveau supérieur à la moyenne de l’OCDE, tandis que le Chili est passé d’un rang de classement relativement bas à un rang beaucoup plus proche de celui des autres pays de l’OCDE...
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: 106 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.183
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report focuses on developments in broadband market structures emerging from the deployment of high-speed broadband services and the policy and regulatory implications.
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: 55 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.60
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The OECD Secretariat, at the invitation of the AHELO Group of National Experts, contracted the Tuning Association to undertake initial development work on learning outcomes to be used for valid and reliable assessments of students from diverse institutions and countries. The two disciplines selected for the AEHLO Feasibility Study are engineering and economics. Following the Tuning approach, academics from various regions and countries in the world reached consensus on definitions of expected learning outcomes for bachelor’s-type programmes in both disciplines. This Working Paper presents the outcomes of their work for the engineering discipline. Members of the Engineering Tuning-AHELO working group defined general learning outcomes for all engineering programmes supplemented by branch specifications for the fields of mechanical, electrical and civil engineering, taking into account different degree profiles and relevant occupations. In addition to the agreed upon learning outcomes, the paper presents an overview of the field of engineering, the typical degrees and engineering occupations associated to the first and second cycle degrees. The paper also discusses the role of learning outcomes and presents the approach used to defining them. A comparative summary of some of the most influential learning outcomes frameworks in the engineering field is also provided.
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: 105 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.179
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: As increasing numbers of children worldwide enjoy the benefits of the Internet, they also face a spectrum of risks to which they are more vulnerable than adults. This report examines these risks as well as the policy responses of governments and other stakeholders to improve the protection of children online.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789264091573
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2009 Results; What Makes a School Successful?; Resources, Policies and Practices (Volume IV)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2009 Ergebnisse; Was macht eine Schule erfolgreich? Lernumfeld und schulische Organisation in PISA (Band 4)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2009 Results: What Makes a School Successful?: Resources, Policies and Practices (Volume IV)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2009 Ergebnisse: Was macht eine Schule erfolgreich? Lernumfeld und schulische Organisation in PISA (Band 4)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Le volume IV du Résultats du PISA 2009, Les clés de la réussite des établissements d’enseignement : Ressources, politiques et pratiques, examine dans quelle mesure les ressources matérielles, financières et humaines, et les politiques et pratiques des systèmes d’éducation influent sur le rendement de l’éducation.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.7
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Enseignement privé : Quels avantages ? Et pour qui ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: At some point in their child’s education, many parents have considered whether it would be worth the expense to enrol their child in a private school. For parents, private schools may offer a particular kind of instruction that is not available in public schools. If private schools also attract higher-performing students and better teachers than public schools, parents will also feel that they are securing the best possible education for their child...
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789264113749
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (47 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. This special report looks at the system in China. China’s education system has made dramatic advances: almost all children in China now complete lower secondary education. Around three quarters continue into upper secondary schools, with fast increasing numbers in tertiary education. At upper secondary level about half the cohort enter vocational schools – more than 20 million students. At the same time the system faces significant challenges. The government is seeking to make the system accessible to all students – by removing the fees barrier, ensuring minimum quality standards in all vocational schools, and in providing adequate high quality workplace training opportunities. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 81
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.5
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comment certains élèves parviennent-ils à surmonter leur milieu socio-économique ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Are socio-economically disadvantaged students condemned to perpetuate an intergenerational cycle of poor academic achievement, poor job prospects and poverty? Not if they attend schools that provide them with more regular classes. Resilient students in the 2006 and 2009 PISA surveys displayed high levels of academic achievement despite the fact that they came from disadvantaged backgrounds. They beat the odds stacked against them to outperform peers from the same socio-economic background and be ranked among the top quarter of students internationally...
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789264128392
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Peru
    Abstract: This book provides a comprehensive assessment of the innovation system of Peru, focusing on the role of government. It provides concrete recommendations and identifies good practices on how to improve policies that affect innovation performance, including R&D policies.
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  • 83
    Language: English
    Pages: 90 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.177
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper analyses and compares national strategies for digital identity management in OECD countries. These strategies aim to drive innovation for e-government and for the broader Internet economy while remaining consistent with current national identity practices.
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9789264113848
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Ireland
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. Ireland has a wide range of VET provision targeted at different client groups. The national qualifications framework is comprehensive and includes a strong commitment to the avoidance of dead-ends and pathways of progression. At the same time, the economic crisis is making intense demands on the Irish VET system, particularly on the apprenticeship system, which focuses on a narrow set of occupations. Weak literacy and numeracy are serious problems for many learners, and many of those looking after VET students, in particular those in companies, lack pedagogical training. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 85
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.10
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. What Can Parents Do to Help Their Children Succeed in School?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: La plupart des parents savent d’instinct que le fait de passer plus de temps avec leur enfant et de s’engager activement dans son éducation lui permettra de prendre un bon départ dans la vie. Toutefois, comme la majorité d’entre eux doivent jongler entre impératifs professionnels et familiaux, le temps semble toujours manquer. Par ailleurs, les parents n’osent souvent pas aider leur enfant à faire ses devoirs car ils pensent ne pas avoir les compétences requises pour l’accompagner dans sa réussite scolaire...
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  • 86
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.6
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. When Students Repeat Grades or Are Transferred Out of School: What Does it Mean for Education Systems?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Les systèmes d’éducation font face de différentes façons au défi de la diversité des effectifs scolarisés. Certains pays adoptent un système d’éducation global non sélectif qui vise à garantir l’égalité des chances dans l’apprentissage pour l’ensemble des élèves, laissant aux établissements et aux enseignants le soin de gérer la diversité des besoins des élèves. D’autres pays regroupent les élèves, que ce soit dans d’autres établissements ou d’autres classes au sein même des établissements, de façon à les prendre en charge selon leur potentiel académique, leurs intérêts et/ou leur comportement. Le redoublement des élèves peu performants ou le transfert vers un autre établissement des élèves présentant de faibles résultats ou des problèmes de discipline sont, à cet effet, deux pratiques courantes de regroupement...
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  • 87
    Language: English
    Pages: 7 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.185
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: These terms of reference articulate a shared view among OECD members about key aspects of the current context for privacy protection and provide orientation for further work on the review of the OECD Privacy Guidelines in light of changing technologies, markets and user behaviour and the growing importance of digital identities.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789264113596
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (62 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. The Australian VET system has many strengths including strong engagement of employers, a well established national qualification system, extensive VET data and research. The system is flexible and allows for a fair degree of local autonomy and experimentation. But at the same time there are a number of challenges, including a lack of clarity and potentially duplication in the respective roles of Commonwealth, states and territories in planning and delivering VET, a lack of clear and simple rules for entitlement to funding, difficulties in providing a reliable foundation in skills forecasts, some gaps in the data base, somewhat complicated and cumbersome training packages and an ageing teacher and trainer workforce. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 89
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.9
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. School Autonomy and Accountability: Are They Related to Student Performance?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Ces dernières années, de nombreux établissements d’enseignement ont acquis une plus grande autonomie et sont aujourd’hui de plus en plus responsables de leurs résultats face aux élèves, aux parents et au public en général. Les résultats de l’enquête PISA montrent que, savamment dosées, l’autonomie et la responsabilisation sont généralement associées à une meilleure performance des élèves...
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  • 90
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.184
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Virtual worlds are increasingly evolving into Internet-mediated “spaces”, where large groups of people meet and interact in real-time while experiencing a shared sensation of being there together. This enables richer and more dynamic social interaction and collaboration across national and cultural boundaries over the Internet compared to other traditional ICT-based collaboration environments.
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  • 91
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.11
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. How Are School Systems Adapting to Increasing Numbers of Immigrant Students?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Qu’il s’agisse de fuir des conflits, de concrétiser des espoirs d’une vie meilleure ou encore de profiter de possibilités sociales et économiques plus nombreuses, les hommes ont toujours traversé les frontières depuis que celles-ci existent. Au cours des prochaines décennies, la modernisation des moyens de transport et de communication, la mondialisation des marchés de l’emploi et le vieillissement des populations des pays de l’OCDE constitueront autant de facteurs déclencheurs de migrations. Le maintien de la cohésion sociale face à ces movements migratoires passera par l’intégration des immigrés et de leurs familles dans le pays d’adoption. À cet égard, l’éducation constitue un puissant moteur d’assimilation...
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  • 92
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.11
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Quelle est la réponse des systèmes d'éducation face à l'effectif croissant d'élèves issus de l'immigration ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Whether in flight from conflict, with the hope of building a better life, or to seize a social or economic opportunity, people have been crossing borders for as long as there have been borders to cross. Modern means of transportation and communication, the globalisation of the labour market, and the ageing of populations in OECD countries will drive migration well into the next decades. The key to maintaining social cohesion during these population movements is to integrate immigrants and their families well into their adopted countries; and education can be a powerful lever to achieve this.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.180
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Regulators and policy makers should boost competition among mobile telephone operators to cut the high prices being charged for international data roaming. Analysis of pricing plans at 68 operators in the 34 OECD countries points to a strong case for new consumer protection and empowerment measures.
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.182
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report examines recent developments regarding the use of fibre to provide local access networks for the provision of broadband access. Countries across the OECD are adopting different approaches to stimulate investment and to define the terms of competition to end-users in a Fibre to the Home/Building (FTTH/B) world.
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.9
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Autonomie et responsabilisation des établissements d'enseignement : Quel impact sur la performance des élèves ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: In recent years, many schools have grown into more autonomous organisations and have become more accountable to students, parents and the public at large for their outcomes. PISA results suggest that, when autonomy and accountability are intelligently combined, they tend to be associated with better student performance...
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.10
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réussite scolaire : Comment les parents peuvent-ils aider leurs enfants ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Most parents know, instinctively, that spending more time with their children and being actively involved in their education will give their children a good head-start in life. But as many parents have to juggle competing demands at work and at home, there never seems to be enough time. Often, too, parents are reluctant to offer to help their children with school work because they feel they lack some of the skills that would make a difference to their children’s success in school...
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  • 97
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.7
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Private schools: Who Benefits?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Il arrive souvent un moment dans l’éducation de leur enfant où de nombreux parents se demandent si sa scolarisation dans l’enseignement privé serait un investissement rentable. Aux yeux des parents, les établissements privés sont susceptibles d’offrir un type d’enseignement que les établissements publics ne proposeraient pas. En outre, si les établissements privés attirent également de meilleurs élèves et enseignants que les établissements publics, les parents ont le sentiment qu’ils offrent ainsi la meilleure éducation possible à leur enfant...
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.178
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: In 2007, the OECD Council adopted a Recommendation setting forth a framework for co-operation in the enforcement of privacy laws. This report provides information on the progress in implementation measures, which is based in part on a survey of OECD member countries’ experiences.
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789264098077
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2009 Results; Learning Trends; Changes in Student Performance Since 2000 (Volume V)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Résultats du PISA 2009 ; Tendances dans l'apprentissage ; L'évolution de la performance des élèves depuis 2000 (Volume V)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2009 Results: Learning Trends: Changes in Student Performance Since 2000 (Volume V)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Résultats du PISA 2009 : Tendances dans l'apprentissage : L'évolution de la performance des élèves depuis 2000 (Volume V)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Band V, Lernfortschritte im globalen Wettbewerb: Veränderungen bei den Schülerleistungen seit 2000, befasst sich mit der Frage, welche Fortschritte die Länder bei der Anhebung des Leistungsniveaus und der Verbesserung der Chancengerechtigkeit in der Bildung erzielt haben.
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789264097377
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (137 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of regional innovation
    DDC: 338/.06409466
    Keywords: Regionalpolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Baskenland ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Spain ; Baskenland ; Innovationsförderung ; Regionalpolitik
    Abstract: The Basque Country region in Spain is world renowned for a successful industrial transformation, the urban regeneration of Bilbao, cultural distinctiveness, unique governance arrangements and high wealth levels. Over the last 30 years, the region has implemented its science, technology and innovation (STI) policy driven by a need to boost industrial competitiveness. The role of total factor productivity and innovation in driving growth was significant in the 1990s and declined in the early part of this decade, but appears to be on the rise again thanks in part to significant increases in public and private investment in innovation. The Basque Country has begun a transition from a model of incremental innovation in manufacturing to a model increasingly based on science and other forms of knowledge. Through a diagnostic of the innovation system and the policy mix, the review offers some policy and governance recommendations to achieve the region’s desired transition in light of global trends in the innovation process and innovation policy.
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