Ihre E-Mail wurde erfolgreich gesendet. Bitte prüfen Sie Ihren Maileingang.

Leider ist ein Fehler beim E-Mail-Versand aufgetreten. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.

Vorgang fortführen?

Exportieren
Filter
  • 2010-2014  (44)
  • 2000-2004  (92)
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development  (136)
  • Marinescu, Mihaela
  • Environment  (136)
Datenlieferant
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
Jahr
  • 1
    ISBN: 9789264130807
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport
    Kurzfassung: The book presents a major meta-analysis of 'value of a statistical life' (VSL) estimates derived from surveys where people around the world have been asked about their willingness to pay for small reduction in mortality risks. The analysis seeks to explain the differences in the estimates, for example across countries. Differences in incomes and the magintude of the risk reduction people have been asked to value were found to be the factors having the strongest impact on VSL, but a number of other policy-relevant factors are also important. Based on the meta-analysis, and a broad review of the literature, the book also presents clear advice on how VSL values best can be used in assessments of environmental, health and transport policies, such as in cost-benefit analyses. Using explicit VSL estimates to quantify the benefits to society of fatality risk reductions can play an important role in the development of more cost-effective public policies.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 2
    ISBN: 9789264166745
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Strategic environmental assessment in development practice
    Schlagwort(e): Umweltverträglichkeit ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungsländer ; Environment ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Umweltverträglichkeit
    Kurzfassung: The principles of sustainable development play an integral role in making development assistance work at the level of policies, plans and programmes. In response to the Paris Declaration call to “… develop and apply common approaches for ‘Strategic Environmental Assessment’ at sector and national levels” among donors and partners, the Guidance on Applying Strategic Environmental Assessment was endorsed in 2006 by members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee, representatives of developing countries receiving aid, the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Environment Programme, the World Bank and many other agencies. Since then, a growing number of countries at all levels of development have legislation or regulations prescribing the application of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)  and many more are introducing it as part of their policy tools. This is creating unique opportunities for better policy making and planning by incorporating environmental considerations into high-level decision-making and opening new mechanisms to build consensus on development priorities within governments themselves and between governments and societies. Many development co-operation agencies and their partners are already making good progress in applying SEA. This publication presents the nine most interesting case studies of SEA in progress, selected from a total 100. These nine cases highlight that SEA can:• Safeguard environmental assets for sustainable poverty reduction and development;• Build public engagement in decision making;• Prevent costly mistakes by alerting decision-makers to potentially unsustainable development options at an early stage in the decision-making process;• Speed up implementation of projects and programmes;• Facilitate co-operation around shared environmental resources and contribute to conflict prevention.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 3
    ISBN: 9789264069923
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (25 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 201; Algues d'eau douce et cyanobactéries, essai d'inhibition de la croissance
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 201: Algues d'eau douce et cyanobactéries, essai d'inhibition de la croissance
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of this test is to determine the effects of a substance on the growth of freshwater microalgae and/or cyanobacteria. Exponentially growing test organisms are exposed to the test substance in batch cultures over a period of normally 72 hours. The system response is the reduction of growth in a series of algal cultures exposed to, at least, five concentrations of a test substance. Three replicates at each test concentration should be used. The response is evaluated as a function of the exposure concentration in comparison with the average growth of control cultures. The cultures are allowed unrestricted exponential growth under nutrient sufficient conditions (two alternative growth media: the OECD and the AAP) and continuous fluorescent illumination. Growth and growth inhibition are quantified from measurements of the algal biomass as a function of time. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 100 mg/L. This study includes: the determination, at least daily, of the algal biomass; the measure of the pH (at the beginning and at the end); microscopic observation. This Test Guideline describes two response variables: average specific growth rate, and yield.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264122383
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (17 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 235 ; Chironomus sp., essai d'immobilisation immédiate
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 235 : Chironomus sp., essai d'immobilisation immédiate
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes an acute immobilisation assay on chronomids and is designed to complement existing Test Guidelines for chironomid chronic toxicity assays (TG 218, 219 and 233). The test method is based on TG 202: Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test. First instar Chironomus sp. larvae are exposed to a range of concentrations of the test substance in water-only vessels for a period of 48 hours. C. riparius is the preferred species but C. dilutus or C. yoshimatsui may also be used for the test. At least 20 larvae, preferably divided into four groups of five larvae each, should be used for each test concentration and for controls. In the definitive test, at least five test concentrations should be used, with a dilution water control and solvent control (if appropriate). Immobilisation is recorded at 24 and 48 hours, and if data allow, the EC50 is calculated at 24 and 48 hours. A limit test with a single concentration may also be performed at 100 mg/L of test substance or up to the practical limit of solubility (whichever is lowest) in order to demonstrate that the EC50 is greater than this concentration.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 5
    ISBN: 9789264110618
    Sprache: Portugiesisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (205 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operation; Policy Guidance
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Adaptation au changement climatique et coopération pour le développement ; Document d'orientation
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Integración de la Adaptación en la Cooperación para el Desarrollo ; Guía sobre Políticas
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operation: Policy Guidance
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Adaptation au changement climatique et coopération pour le développement : Document d'orientation
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Integración de la Adaptación en la Cooperación para el Desarrollo : Guía sobre Políticas
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Development
    Kurzfassung: As alterações climáticas são uma ameaça séria e a longo prazo que pode afetar todo o globo. Os seus impactes negativos atingirão as pessoas pobres e os países pobres de forma desproporcional e comprometerão a persecução dos seus objetivos de desenvolvimento. Integração da Adaptação às Alterações Climáticas na Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento fornece informação essencial e aconselha o modo de facilitação a integração da adaptação nos processos de desenvolvimento. Os objetivos deste guia para o desenvolvimento de políticas são: i) promover o entendimento das implicações das alterações climáticas na prática do desenvolvimento e a necessidade associada de integrar a adaptação ao clima nas agências de cooperação para o desenvolvimento e nos países parceiros; ii) identificar abordagens apropriadas para integrar a adaptação às alterações climáticas nas políticas de desenvolvimento aos níveis nacional, setorial e de projeto e nos contextos urbanos e rurais; e iii) identificar meios práticos para os doadores apoiarem os países em desenvolvimento parceiros nos seus esforços para reduzir a sua vulnerabilidade à variabilidade e alterações climáticas. Enquanto os esforços para integrar a adaptação aos às alterações climáticas serão conduzidos pelos países em desenvolvimento parceiros, os doadores internacionais têm um papel crítico a desempenhar no apoio a tais esforços. Este guia para o desenvolvimento de políticas é especialmente formatado para os agentes de definição de políticas e para as agências de cooperação e suas contrapartes nos governos dos países em desenvolvimento, bem como para as partes interessadas não governamentais.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Bratislava : Ministry of Environment, Slovak Republic
    ISBN: 9788088833567
    Sprache: Slowakisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (186 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Slovak Republic 2011
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; République slovaque 2011
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Slovak Republic 2011
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : République slovaque 2011
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Slovak Republic
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 7
    ISBN: 9789264122819
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 488 ; Essais de mutations génétiques des cellules somatiques et germinales de rongeurs transgéniques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 488 : Essais de mutations génétiques des cellules somatiques et germinales de rongeurs transgéniques
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes an in vivo assay that detects chemicals that may induce gene mutations. In this assay, transgenic rats or mice that contain multiple copies of chromosomally integrated plasmid or phage shuttle vectors are used. The transgenes contain reporter genes for the detection of various types of mutations induced by test substances. A negative control group and a minimum of 3 treatment groups of transgenic animals are treated for 28 consecutive days. Administration is usually followed by a 3-day period of time, prior to sacrifice, during which the agent is not administered and during which unrepaired DNA lesions are fixed into stable mutations. At the end of this 3-day period, the animals are sacrificed, genomic DNA is isolated from the tissue(s) of interest and purified. Mutations that have arisen during treatment are scored by recovering the transgene and analysing the phenotype of the reporter gene in a bacterial host deficient for the reporter gene. Mutant frequency, the reported parameter in these assays,is calculated by dividing the number of plaques/plasmids containing mutations in the transgene by the total number of plaques/plasmids recovered from the same DNA sample.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264122369
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (44 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 234 ; Essai de développement sexuel des poissons
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 234 : Essai de développement sexuel des poissons
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes an assay that assesses early life-stage effects and potential adverse consequences of putative endocrine disrupting chemicals (e.g. oestrogens, androgens and steroidogenesis inhibitors) on fish sexual development. In the test, fish are exposed, from newly fertilized egg until the completion of sexual differentiation at about 60 days post hatch, to at least three concentrations of the test substance dissolved in water. In each treatment level and control(s) group(s), a minimum of four replicates is recommended. At termination of the test, two core endpoints are measured in each fish: vitellogenin concentration from head and tail or from blood sampling, and proportion of males, females, intersex and undifferentiated fish through gonadal histology. In fish species possessing a genetic sex marker, the genetic sex is identified to determine sex reversal in individual fish. The combination of the two core endocrine endpoints, vitellogenin concentration and phenotypic (and possibly genotypic) sex ratio, enable the test to indicate the mode of action of the test chemical.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 9
    ISBN: 9789264122550
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (25 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 443 ; Étude étendue de toxicité pour la reproduction sur une génération
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 443 : Étude étendue de toxicité pour la reproduction sur une génération
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline is designed to provide an evaluation of reproductive and developmental effects that may occur as a result of pre- and postnatal chemical exposure as well as an evaluation of systemic toxicity in pregnant and lactating females and young and adult offspring. In the assay, sexually-mature males and females rodents (parental (P) generation) are exposed to graduated doses of the test substance starting 2 weeks before mating and continuously through mating, gestation and weaning of their pups (F1 generation). At weaning, pups are selected and assigned to cohorts of animals for reproductive/developmental toxicity testing (cohort 1), developmental neurotoxicity testing (cohort 2) and developmental immunotoxicity testing (cohort 3). The F1 offspring receive further treatment with the test substance from weaning to adulthood. Clinical observations and pathology examinations are performed on all animals for signs of toxicity, with special emphasis on the integrity and performance of the male and female reproductive systems and the health, growth, development and function of the offspring. Part of cohort 1 (cohort 1B) may be extended to include an F2 generation; in this case, procedures for F1 animals will be similar to those for the P animals.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264098473
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environmentaux de l'OCDE; Norvège 2011
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environmentaux de l'OCDE: Norvège 2011
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Norway
    Kurzfassung: This report presents the third OECD review of Norway’s environmental policy performance. Previous reviews were published in 2001 and 1993. Topics covered in this report include greening growth, implementation of environmental policies, international cooperation, climate change, waste management and the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle), and nature and biodiversity.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264097896
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (184 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Portugal 2011
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Portugal 2011
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Portugal
    Kurzfassung: This report presents the OECD review of Portugal’s environmental policy performance for 2011. It finds that environmental policies have been consolidated and strengthened since the last review in 2001, but that meeting the post-Kyoto targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions will be challenging. With energy and climate policies being closely related, the report points out that with less than 50% of hydro capacity currently being exploited, there is potential for further development in that area. It also describes the challenges regarding coastal zone and marine management. Topics covered in the report include greening growth, implementation of environmental policies , international co-operation , climate change, waste management and the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle), and nature and biodiversity. Further information about the Environmental Performance Review programme is available on line via www.oecd.org/env/countryreviews.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 12
    ISBN: 9789264124974
    Sprache: Rumänisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (201 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity; Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Payer pour la biodiversité ; Améliorer l'efficacité-coût des paiements pour services écosystémiques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity; Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services (Bulgarian version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity: Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Payer pour la biodiversité : Améliorer l'efficacité-coût des paiements pour services écosystémiques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity: Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services (Bulgarian version)
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264122642
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 456 ; Essai de stéroi͏̈dogenèse H295R
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 456 : Essai de stéroi͏̈dogenèse H295R
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes an in vitro screen for chemical effects on steroidogenesis, specifically the production of 17ß-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T). The human H295R adreno-carcinoma cell line, used for the assay, expresses genes that encode for all the key enzymes for steroidogenesis. After an acclimation period of 24 h in multi-well plates, cells are exposed for 48 h to seven concentrations of the test chemical in at least triplicate. Solvent and a known inhibitor and inducer of hormone production are run at a fixed concentration as negative and positive controls. At the end of the exposure period, cell viability in each well is analyzed. Concentrations of hormones in the medium can be measured using a variety of methods including commercially available hormone measurement kits and/or instrumental techniques such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Data are expressed as fold change relative to the solvent control and the Lowest-Observed-Effect-Concentration. If the assay is negative, the highest concentration tested is reported as the No-Observed-Effect-Concentration.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 14
    ISBN: 9789264119598
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Studies on Tourism
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: Undertaken jointly with United Nations Environment Programme, the report analyses policies and issues related to climate change adaptation and mitigation in the tourism sector. It provides policy recommendations, with the objective to identify priority areas to be included in a framework for action in the area of climate change and tourism. A review of the state of policy-making on this important issue clearly indicates that greater efforts could be made by countries to understand the likely impacts of climate change on tourism; there is a low awareness of the tourism sector's climate change mitigation and adaptation needs; and that current policy, with few exceptions, is inadequate to the scale of the challenge, both on mitigation and adaptation.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264096684
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Serie: OECD Studies on Environmental Innovation
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Better policies to support eco-innovation
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Innovation ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Technologietransfer ; Umweltschutz ; Clean Development Mechanism ; Public Private Partnership ; Fallstudie ; Environment ; OECD ; Umwelttechnik ; Forschungsförderung
    Kurzfassung: Eco-innovation is more important than ever on the public policy agenda. It is a major driver for green growth and contributes to the environmental performance and economic development of OECD and developing countries alike. This report takes a pragmatic approach to policies that support the development and diffusion of eco-innovation. Building on the OECD Innovation Strategy, it argues that eco-innovation is not merely about technological developments: non-technical innovations matter as well. It acknowledges that policies do not operate in a vacuum and that they must take account of the contexts that influence the development and diffusion of eco-innovation, such as market structures. It explores links between eco-innovation policies and related fields such as industry, competition, and international cooperation. This work builds on an OECD inventory of eco-innovation policies in OECD countries and in China. It also draws on studies of select environment-friendly innovations, highlighting different patterns of development across countries. It also incorporates extensive international consultation on the topics of eco-innovation and green growth. The results from this publication will contribute to the Green Growth Strategy being developed by the OECD as a practical policy package for governments to harness the potential of greener growth. For more information on OECD work on eco-innovation, visit: www.oecd.org/greengrowth www.oecd.org/environment/innovation www.oecd.org/sti/innovation/green
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264096875
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Studies on Environmental Policy and Household Behaviour
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Politique de l'environnement et comportement des ménages
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Greening household behaviour
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Konsumentenverhalten ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Umweltpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Umweltschutz ; Haushalt ; Privater Verbrauch ; Ressourcenmanagement ; Wirtschaftliches Verhalten ; Environment ; Australien ; Kanada ; Tschechien ; Frankreich ; Italien ; Südkorea ; Mexiko ; Niederlande ; Industriestaaten ; Haushalt ; Privater Verbrauch ; Verbraucherverhalten ; Umweltbelastung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Kurzfassung: Developing growth strategies that promote greener lifestyles requires a good understanding of what factors affect people’s behaviour towards the environment. Recent OECD work based on periodic surveys of more than 10 000 households across a number of countries and areas represents a breakthrough by providing a common framework to collect unique empirical evidence for better policy design. This publication presents responses from the most recent round of the OECD survey implemented in 2011 in 5 areas (energy, food, transport, waste and water) and 11 countries: Australia, Canada, Chile, France, Israel, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. Analysis comparing the data across countries, policy conditions and households’ characteristics reveals which measures most effectively change behaviour. Each round of the survey also allows to track changes over time and to explore new emerging issues. The new survey confirms the importance of providing the right economic incentives for influencing our decisions. The findings indicate that “soft” measures such as labelling and public information campaigns also have a significant complementary role to play. Spurring desirable behaviour change requires a mix of these instruments. This book is a milestone for all those interested by the challenging question of ways to promote greener behaviour, from policy makers to individual citizens.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 17
    ISBN: 9789264124967
    Sprache: Bulgarisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity; Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Payer pour la biodiversité ; Améliorer l'efficacité-coût des paiements pour services écosystémiques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity; Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services (Romanian version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity: Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Payer pour la biodiversité : Améliorer l'efficacité-coût des paiements pour services écosystémiques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity: Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services (Romanian version)
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 54 S.
    Zusätzliches Material: graph. Darst., Tab., Lit.Hinw.
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Online Ressource
    Serie: OECD green growth papers 2010, 01
    Serie: Industry and innovation
    Schlagwort(e): Informationstechnik ; Kommunikationstechnik ; Bedeutung ; Rolle ; Wirkung ; Auswirkung ; Klimaänderung ; Umwelt ; Ökologie ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Umwelttechnik ; Produktion ; Branche ; Erwärmung ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are a key enabler of “green growth” in all sectors of the economy. They are a key part of government strategies for a sustainable economic recovery. This report looks at how ICTs can improve their own environmental performance, and how they can be used to improve environmental performance throughout the economy and society. Direct environmental impacts of ICTs are considerable in areas such as energy use, materials throughput and end-of-life treatment. Government “green ICT” policies can be instrumental in promoting life-cycle approaches for improved R&D and design of ICT goods, services and systems. Innovative ICT applications enable sustainable production and consumption across the entire economy. The potential for improving environmental performance targets specific products, but also entire systems and industry sectors, e.g. construction, transport, energy.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264090972
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 442A ; Sensibilisation cutanée ; Essai de stimulation locale des ganglions lymphatiques; DA
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 442A : Sensibilisation cutanée : Essai de stimulation locale des ganglions lymphatiques: DA
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The Local Lymph Node Assay: DA (LLNA: DA) is a non-radioactive modification to the LLNA method for identifying potential skin sensitizing test substances and measuring the proliferation of lymphocytes they induce in the auricular lymph nodes. The method, described in mouse (CBA/J strain), is based on measurement of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content by bioluminescence as an indicator of this proliferation. A minimum of four animals is used per dose group, with a minimum of three concentrations of the test substance, plus a concurrent negative control group and, if appropriate, a positive control group. The experimental schedule is during 8 days. The time from animal sacrifice to measurement of ATP should not exceed 30 min. The procedure from excision of lymph nodes to ATP measurement should be kept uniform for each animal and completed within 20 minutes. The luciferin/luciferase method is applied to measure the bioluminescence in Relative Luminescence Units (RLU). This study includes: measurements (weighing, RLU), and clinical daily observations. The results are expressed as the Stimulation Index (SI) obtained by calculation. The SI should be ¡Ý1.8 before further evaluation of the test material as a potential skin sensitizer is warranted.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264071100
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (20 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 429; Sensibilisation cutanée ; Essai de stimulation locale des ganglions lymphatiques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 429: Sensibilisation cutanée : Essai de stimulation locale des ganglions lymphatiques
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The basic principle underlying the Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) in mouse is that sensitizers induce a primary proliferation of lymphocytes in the auricular lymph nodes draining the site of chemical application. This proliferation is proportional to the dose applied and provides a measurement of sensitisation. The method described is based on the use of radioactive labelling to measure cell proliferation. A minimum of four animals is used per dose group, with a minimum of three concentrations of the test substance, plus a negative control group treated with the vehicle only, and a positive control, as appropriate. The experimental schedule of the assay is during 6 days. Thereafter, the animals are killed and a cell suspension of lymph node cells is prepared. The incorporation of 3H-methyl thymidine is measured by ¦Â-scintillation counting as disintegrations per minute (DPM). The Test Guideline includes performance standards that can be used to evaluate the validation status of new and/or modified test methods that are functionally and mechanistically similar to the LLNA. A reduced LLNA approach which could use up to 40% fewer animals is also described as an option. This study includes: measurements (weighing, DPM), and clinical daily observations. Results are expressed as the Stimulation Index (SI).The SI is obtained by calculation and should be ¡Ý3 before classification of the test material as a skin sensitizer is warranted.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 21
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264086913
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Document d'orientation pour les études d'impact sur la durabilité
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This publication offers a general introduction to sustainability impact assessment, which is an approach for exploring the combined economic, environmental and social impacts of a range of proposed policies, programmes, strategies and action plans. Such assessments can also assist decision-making and strategic planning throughout the entire policy cycles. It is not an in-depth or detailed user manual, but rather outlines basic principles and process steps of sustainability impact assessments, drawing on examples from Switzerland, Belgium and the European Commission, among others. This publication is a valuable source of information for policy makers on sustainability impact assessments.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264070080
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 209; Boue activée, essai d'inhibition de la respiration (oxydation du carbone et de l'ammonium)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 209: Boue activée, essai d'inhibition de la respiration (oxydation du carbone et de l'ammonium)
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline is designed to assess the effects of a substance on micro-organisms from activated sludge of waste-water treatment plants by measuring their respiration rate (carbon and/or ammonium oxidation) as oxygen consumption. The test results may also serve as an indicator of suitable non-inhibitory concentrations of test substances to be used in biodegradability tests. The test allows the determination of ECx and/or NOEC values of the test substance. The inhibition of three different oxygen uptakes may be determined, i.e. total, heterotrophic only, and that due to nitrification in the absence and presence of N-allylthiourea, a specific nitrification inhibitor. For obtaining both NOEC and ECx, six controls and five treatment concentrations in a geometric series with five replicates are recommended. In each test vessel, test mixtures containing water, synthetic sewage feed and the test substance are incubated at the pH of 7.5 ±0.5 and the temperature within 20±2°C under forced aeration to keep the dissolved oxygen concentration above 60-70% saturation. The oxygen consumption is measured after 3 hours of exposure and additional measurements at 30 minutes of exposure can be performed in the case that the test substance is rapidly degraded.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Beijing : Chinese Environmental Science Press
    ISBN: 9787511103338
    Sprache: Chinesisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (227 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Ensuring Environmental Compliance; Trends and Good Practices
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Faire respecter les normes environnementales ; Tendances et bonnes pratiques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Ensuring Environmental Compliance: Trends and Good Practices
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Faire respecter les normes environnementales : Tendances et bonnes pratiques
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Governance
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264096158
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (336 p.)
    Serie: Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Safety assessment of transgenic organisms ; Vol. 4
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transgene Pflanzen ; Umweltgefährdung ; Risikoanalyse
    Kurzfassung: The books on “Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms” constitute a compilation of the OECD Biosafety Consensus Documents. When published, Volume 1 and 2 contained the documents issued before 2006; Volume 3 and 4 are a continuation of the compilation up to 2010. The OECD Biosafety Consensus Documents identify elements of scientific information used in the environmental safety and risk assessment of transgenic organisms which are common to OECD member countries and some non members associated with the work. This is intended to encourage information sharing, promote harmonised practices, and prevent duplication of effort among countries. These books offer ready access to those consensus documents which have been issued on the website thus far. As such, it should be of value to applicants for commercial uses of transgenic organisms (crops, trees, microorganisms), to regulators and risk assessors in national authorities, as well as the wider scientific community. More information on the OECD's work related to the biosafety of transgenic organisms is found at BioTrack Online (http://www.oecd.org/biotrack).
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 25
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264087637
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (252 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Taxation, Innovation and the Environment; (Chinese version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La fiscalité, l'innovation et l'environnement
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Taxation, Innovation and the Environment: (Chinese version)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Taxation, innovation and the environment
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Ökosteuer ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Emissionshandel ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Taxation ; Umweltabgabe ; Umweltschutz ; Innovation ; Umweltpolitik ; Umweltsteuer ; Innovationsförderung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Kurzfassung: Solving the world’s environmental problems could take a significant toll on economic growth if only today’s technologies are available. We know that innovation – the creation and adoption of new cleaner technologies and know-how – provides a means to achieve local and global environmental goals at significantly lower costs. Innovation is also a major driver of economic growth. OECD governments are increasingly using environmentally related taxes because they are typically one of the most effective policy tools available. Exploring the relationship between environmentally related taxation and innovation is critical to understanding the full impacts of this policy instrument as well as one potential facet of “green growth.” By putting a price on pollution, do environmentally related taxes spur innovation? What types of innovation result? Does the design of the tax play a critical role? What is the effect of this innovation? In analysing these questions, this report draws on case studies that cover Japan, Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Israel and others. It covers a wide set of environmental issues and technologies, as well as the economic and policy contexts. The research methods range from econometric analysis to interviews with business owners and executives. The report also explores the use of environmentally related taxes in OECD countries and outlines considerations for policymakers when implementing these taxes. Green growth policies can stimulate economic growth while preventing environmental degradation, biodiversity loss and unsustainable natural resource use. The results from this publication will contribute to the Green Growth Strategy being developed by the OECD as a practical policy package for governments to harness the potential of greener growth.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264095434
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (324 p.)
    Serie: Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Safety assessment of transgenic organisms ; Vol. 3
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transgene Pflanzen ; Umweltgefährdung ; Risikoanalyse
    Kurzfassung: The books on “Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms” constitute a compilation of the OECD Biosafety Consensus Documents. When published, Volume 1 and 2 contained the documents issued before 2006; Volume 3 and 4 are a continuation of the compilation up to 2010. The OECD Biosafety Consensus Documents identify elements of scientific information used in the environmental safety and risk assessment of transgenic organisms which are common to OECD member countries and some non members associated with the work. This is intended to encourage information sharing, promote harmonised practices, and prevent duplication of effort among countries. These books offer ready access to those consensus documents which have been issued on the website thus far. As such, it should be of value to applicants for commercial uses of transgenic organisms (crops, trees, microorganisms), to regulators and risk assessors in national authorities, as well as the wider scientific community. More information on the OECD's work related to the biosafety of transgenic organisms is found at BioTrack Online (http://www.oecd.org/biotrack).
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264090231
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La transition vers une économie sobre en carbone ; objectifs publics et pratiques des entreprises
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La transition vers une économie sobre en carbone : objectifs publics et pratiques des entreprises
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Transition to a low-carbon economy
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Klimawandel ; Umweltmanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Umweltbezogenes Management ; Klimaänderung
    Kurzfassung: Companies are increasingly aware of the need to address climate change. However, while many companies are taking action to address climate change, many others are still lagging behind. This report surveys responsible business practices addressing climate change and driving the shift to a low-carbon economy. It summarises policies, regulations and other instruments in support of a low carbon economy in OECD countries and emerging economies, and analyses corporate responses to these drivers. Using the principles of responsible business conduct identified in the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, this report reviews three key areas of corporate action: accounting for greenhouse gas emissions; achieving emissions reductions; and engaging suppliers, consumers and other stakeholders.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 28
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264091375
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Cities and climate change
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Klimawandel ; Stadt ; Kommunalpolitik ; Kommunalverwaltung ; OECD-Staaten ; Klima ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Klima ; Klimakatastrophe ; Klimaveränderung ; Klimawandel ; Stadt ; Klimaänderung
    Kurzfassung: As the hubs of economic activity, cities drive the vast majority of the world’s energy use and are major contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions. Because they are home to major infrastructure and highly concentrated populations, cities are also vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, such as rising sea levels, warmer temperatures and fiercer storms. At the same time, better urban planning and policies can reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions and improve the resilience of urban infrastructure to climate change, thus shaping future trends. This book shows how city and metropolitan regional governments working in tandem with national governments can change the way we think about responding to climate change. The chapters analyse: trends in urbanisation, economic growth, energy use and climate change; the economic benefits of climate action; the role of urban policies in reducing energy demand, improving resilience to climate change and complementing global climate policies; frameworks for multilevel governance of climate change including engagement with relevant stakeholders; and the contribution of cities to “green growth”, including the “greening” of fiscal policies, innovation and jobs. The book also explores policy tools and best practices from both OECD and some non-member countries. Cities and Climate Change reveals the importance of addressing climate change across all levels of government. Local involvement through “climate-conscious” urban planning and management can help achieve national climate goals and minimise tradeoffs between environmental and economic priorities at local levels. The book will be relevant to policy makers, researchers, and others with an interest in learning more about urbanisation and climate change policy.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 29
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264090897
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (25 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 223 ; Oiseaux, essai de toxicité orale aigue͏̈
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 223 : Oiseaux, essai de toxicité orale aigue͏̈
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes procedures designed to estimate the acute oral toxicity of substances to birds, and it provides three testing options: (1) limit dose test, (2) LD50-slope test, and (3) LD50-only test. The LD50-slope and LD50-only options are sequential testing procedures. The test method selected will depend on whether or not a definitive median dose (LD50) and slope of the dose-response curve are both needed. The limit dose test is the preferred test when toxicity is expected to be low and lethality is unlikely at the limit dose. The limit dose should be adequate for assessment purposes, and it is usually 2000 mg/kg-bwt. Five or ten birds are tested at the limit dose in addition to a control group. The LD50-slope test is the preferred test when regulatory or other requirements determine that the slope of the dose-response curve and/or the confidence interval is required in addition to an estimate of the LD50. This is a 3- or 4-stage test with 24 or 34 birds in addition to a control group. The LD50-only test is the preferred test when regulatory or other requirements determine that only the median lethal dose is required but neither the slope of the dose response curve or the confidence interval for the LD50 is required. This may be the appropriate test to estimate a percentile of a species sensitivity distribution of LD50s and to provide information for product labelling purposes. This test has two stages, with 14 birds in addition to a control group. Software to be used with TG 223. Click here. Software not part of the Mutual Acceptance of Data.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 30
    ISBN: 9789264090958
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 439 ; Irritation cutanée in vitro ; Essai sur épiderme humain reconstitué
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 439 : Irritation cutanée in vitro : Essai sur épiderme humain reconstitué
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes an in vitro procedure that may be used for the hazard identification of irritant chemicals (substances and mixtures) in accordance with the UN Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling (GHS) Category 2. It is based on reconstructed human epidermis (RhE), which in its overall design closely mimics the biochemical and physiological properties of the upper parts of the human skin. Cell viability is measured by enzymatic conversion of the vital dye MTT into a blue formazan salt that is quantitatively measured after extraction from tissues. Irritant test substances are identified by their ability to decrease cell viability below defined threshold levels (below or equal to 50% for UN GHS Category 2). This Test Guideline also includes a set of Performance Standards for the assessment of similar and modified RhE-based test methods. There are three validated test methods that adhere to this Test Guideline. Depending on the regulatory framework and the classification system in use, this procedure may be used to determine the skin irritancy of test substances as a stand-alone replacement test for in vivo skin irritation testing, or as a partial replacement test, within a tiered testing strategy.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 31
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264070882
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 417; Toxicocinétique
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 417: Toxicocinétique
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes in vivo studies that provide information on mass balance, absorption, bioavailability, tissue distribution, metabolism, excretion, and basic toxicokinetic parameters [e.g. AUC], as well as supplemental approaches that may provide useful information on toxicokinetics. Information from toxicokinetic studies helps to relate concentration or dose to the observed toxicity and to understand its mechanism of toxicity. The test substance ("unlabelled" or "radiolabelled" forms) is normally administered by an oral route, but other routes of administration may be applicable. Single dose administration of the substance (preferably a minimum of two dose levels) may be adequate, but repeated dose may be needed in some circumstances. Toxicokinetic studies should preferably be carried out in the same species as that used in other toxicological studies performed with the substance (normally the rat, a minimum of 4 animals of one sex for each dose). Initial estimation of absorption can be achieved by mass balance determination, but further investigations such as intravenous (IV) administration and biliary excretion studies might be necessary. Bioavailability can be determined from plasma/blood kinetics of oral and IV groups. The percent of the total dose in tissues should at a minimum be measured at the termination of experiment,but additional time points may also be needed. Metabolites present at 5 % or greater of the administered dose should be identified. The rate and extent of excretion of the administered dose should be determined by measuring the percent recovered dose from urine, faeces and expired air.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 32
    ISBN: 9789264085930
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Réduire les coûts de gestion des produits chimiques ; Comment l'OCDE aide les gouvernements et l'industrie
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Réduire les coûts de gestion des produits chimiques : Comment l'OCDE aide les gouvernements et l'industrie
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: The chemicals industry - including industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, food and feed additives and cosmetics - is one of the world’s largest industrial sectors. Many chemical products are traded internationally. Varying national requirements can mean duplication of efforts and significant costs for the chemicals industry, as well as posing barriers to trade. By agreeing on test methods and data quality and sharing the workload of chemical safety testing and assessments, countries together achieve environmentally sustainable and cost-effective results. For non-clinical health and safety testing, for example, the results of such studies carried out on a chemical product in one OECD country must be accepted by the others as long as it was carried out in accordance with the OECD Test Guidelines and Principles of Good Laboratory Practice. This saves the chemicals industry the expense of duplicative testing for products that are marketed in more than one country. This report analyses the rigorous and comprehensive system for assessing and managing chemicals that helps governments and industry save about EUR 150 million each year, through “work sharing” facilitated by the OECD.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 33
    ISBN: 9789264090934
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 317 ; Bioaccumulation chez les oligochètes terrestres
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 317 : Bioaccumulation chez les oligochètes terrestres
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes procedures designed to assess bioaccumulation of chemicals in soil oligochaetes. The parameters which characterise the bioaccumulation of a substance include the bioaccumulation factor (BAF), the uptake rate constant (ks) and the elimination rate constant (ke). The test consists of two phases: the uptake (exposure) phase and the elimination (post-exposure) phase. An elimination phase is always required unless uptake of the test substance during the exposure phase has been insignificant. The test organisms are exposed to the test substance during the uptake phase. The test substance is incorporated into the soil; it is recommended to use the artificial soil described in the OECD Test Guideline 207 (Earthworm, acute toxicity test). The uptake phase should be of 14 days (enchytraeids) or 21 days (earthworms) unless it is demonstrated that steady state has been reached. For the elimination phase, the worms are transferred to a soil free of test substance. The elimination phase is generally of 21 days.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 34
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Beijing : Chinese Academy of Governance, China
    ISBN: 9787515000718
    Sprache: Chinesisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (302 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Taxation, Innovation and the Environment
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La fiscalité, l'innovation et l'environnement
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Taxation
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 35
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264091016
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (23 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 487 ; Essai in vitro de micronoyaux sur cellules de mammifères
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 487 : Essai in vitro de micronoyaux sur cellules de mammifères
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The in vitro micronucleus test is a genotoxicity test for the detection of micronuclei in the cytoplasm of interphase cells. Micronuclei may originate from acentric chromosome fragments (i.e. lacking a centromere), or whole chromosomes that are unable to migrate to the poles during the anaphase stage of cell division. The assay detects the activity of clastogenic and aneugenic test substances in cells that have undergone cell division during or after exposure to the test substance. This Test Guideline allows the use of protocols with and without the actin polymerisation inhibitor cytochalasin B. Cytochalasin B allows for the identification and selective analysis of micronucleus frequency in cells that have completed one mitosis, because such cells are binucleate. This Test Guideline also allows the use of protocols without cytokinesis block provided there is evidence that the cell population analysed has undergone mitosis.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 36
    ISBN: 9789264088320
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operation; Policy Guidance
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Adaptation au changement climatique et coopération pour le développement ; Document d'orientation
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Integração da Adaptação às Alterações Climáticas na Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento; Guia para o Desenvolvimento de Políticas
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operation: Policy Guidance
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Adaptation au changement climatique et coopération pour le développement : Document d'orientation
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Integração da Adaptação às Alterações Climáticas na Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento: Guia para o Desenvolvimento de Políticas
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Development
    Kurzfassung: El cambio climático es una amenaza seria y a largo plazo que puede afectar a cualquier parte del mundo. Su impacto negativo golpeará a los países pobres y a las capas de población más desfavorecidas de manera desproporcionada, complicando aún más el logro de sus objetivos de desarrollo. La guía Integración de la Adaptación en la Cooperación para el Desarrollo ofrece información esencial y consejos sobre cómo facilitar la integración de la adaptación al cambio climático en los procesos de desarrollo. Los objetivos de esta guía son los siguientes: i) facilitar la comprensión de las implicaciones del cambio climático en la práctica del desarrollo y promover la necesidad asociada de integrar la adaptación al cambio climático en las políticas y prácticas de desarrollo tanto de los organismos de cooperación como de los países socios, ii) identificar los enfoques más adecuados para integrar la adaptación al cambio climático en las políticas de desarrollo a nivel nacional, sectorial y de proyecto, tanto en zonas urbanas como en zonas rurales, y iii) determinar modalidades prácticas para que los donantes apoyen a los países socios en sus esfuerzos para reducir su vulnerabilidad a la variabilidad climática y el cambio climático. Aunque los esfuerzos por integrar la adaptación al cambio climático ha de ser dirigido por los países socios, los donantes internacionales tienen un papel crítico que desempeñar en el apoyo a esos esfuerzos. Esta guía para la orientación de políticas está destinada especialmente a responsables políticos, a profesionales de organismos de cooperación al desarrollo y sus contrapartes en los gobiernos de los países, y a otras partes interesadas, tales como organizaciones no gubernamentales.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 37
    ISBN: 9789264090996
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (15 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 442B ; Sensibilisation cutanée ; Essai de stimulation locale des ganglions lymphatiques; BrdU- ELISA
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 442B : Sensibilisation cutanée : Essai de stimulation locale des ganglions lymphatiques: BrdU- ELISA
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The Local Lymph Node Assay: BrdU-ELISA (LLNA:BrdU-ELISA) is a non-radioactive modification to the LLNA method for identifying potential skin sensitizing test substances and measuring the proliferation of lymphocytes they induce in the auricular lymph nodes. The method described in mouse is based on the use of measuring 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) content, an analogue of thymidine, as an indicator of this proliferation. A minimum of four animals is used per dose group, with a minimum of three concentrations of the test substance, plus a concurrent negative control group and a positive control group. The experimental schedule is during 6 days. Thereafter, the animals are killed and a single cell suspension of lymph node cells (LNC) is prepared. The procedure for preparing the LNC is crucial, in particular for the small lymph nodes in NC animals. Then the BrdU content in DNA of lymphocytes is measured by ELISA using a commercial kit of by Flow Cytometry (FCM). This study includes: measurements (weighing, BrdU) and clinical daily observations. The results are expressed as the Stimulation Index (SI) obtained by calculation from the mean BrdU labelling index. The SI should be ≥1.6 for the ELISA method or ≥2.7 for the FCM method for identifying the test material as a potential skin sensitizer.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 38
    ISBN: 9789264090910
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (29 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 233 ; Essai de toxicité sur le cycle de vie des chironomes dans un système eau-sédiment chargé ou eau chargée-sédiment
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 233 : Essai de toxicité sur le cycle de vie des chironomes dans un système eau-sédiment chargé ou eau chargée-sédiment
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Guideline is designed to assess the effects of prolonged exposure of chemicals to the life-cycle of the sediment-dwelling freshwater dipteran Chironomus sp. First instar chironomid larvae are exposed to five concentrations of the test chemical in sediment-water systems. The test substance is spiked into the water or alternatively the sediment, and first instar larvae are subsequently introduced into test beakers in which the sediment and water concentrations have been stabilised. Chironomid emergence, time to emergence, and sex ratio of the fully emerged and alive midges are assessed. Emerged adults are transferred to breeding cages, to facilitate swarming, mating and oviposition. The number of egg ropes produced and their fertility are assessed. From these egg ropes, first instar larvae of the 2nd generation are obtained. These larvae are placed into freshly prepared test beakers (spiking procedure as for the 1st generation) to determine the viability of the 2nd generation through an assessment of their emergence, time to emergence and the sex ratio of the fully emerged and alive midges. All data are analysed either by a regression model to estimate the concentration that would cause X% reduction in the relevant endpoint, or by using hypothesis testing to determine a No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC).
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 39
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264077287
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (210 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE; Luxembourg 2010
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE: Luxembourg 2010
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Luxembourg
    Kurzfassung: OECD's 2010 review of Luxembourg's environmental conditions and progress in air, water, waste and materials management; nature and biodiversity; the environment-economy interface; the environment-social interface; and international commitments and co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data and include recommendations for further environmental and sustainable development progress.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 40
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264077225
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (278 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'éco-innovation dans l'industrie ; favoriser la croissance verte
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'éco-innovation dans l'industrie : favoriser la croissance verte
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Eco-innovation in industry
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Industrie ; Innovationsmanagement ; Umwelttechnik ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Industrie ; Nachhaltigkeit ; OECD
    Kurzfassung: Eco-innovation will be a key driver of industry efforts to tackle climate change and realise “green growth” in the post-Kyoto era. Eco-innovation calls for faster introduction of breakthrough technologies and for more systemic application of available solutions, including non-technological ones. It also offers opportunities to involve new players, develop new industries and increase competitiveness. Structural change in economies will be imperative in coming decades. This book presents the research and analysis carried out during the first phase of the OECD Project on Sustainable Manufacturing and Eco-innovation. Its aim is to provide benchmarking tools on sustainable manufacturing and to spur eco-innovation through better understanding of innovation mechanisms. It reviews the concepts and forms an analytical framework; analyses the nature and processes of eco-innovation; discusses existing sustainable manufacturing indicators; examines methodologies for measuring eco-innovation; and takes stock of national strategies and policy initiatives for eco-innovation.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 41
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Environment Working Papers no.13
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Debates exist between those who claim that environmental policy will impose additional burdens and costs on industries, thus impairing their competitiveness, and those who claim that improved environmental performance can spur competitiveness. These arguments often surface when new environmental policy regulation are considered, e.g. when the REACH Directive was introduced in Europe, or when a government is considering the introduction of a carbon tax. The report develops a conceptual framework to shed some light on this difficult debate. Competitiveness impacts of environmental policies may derive from the policy itself, or from the improvements of the environmental performance that derives from the policy. These impacts can be analysed at either firm or industry levels; they may differ over the short and long term. Globalisation, with the increasing role of MNEs and mobile capital and labour, is adding more complexity. This framework is used to decipher some of the messages that come out of empirical studies on these issues. Empirical evidence is mixed, and the paper identifies methodological and substantive reasons why empirical research fails to determine the relationship between environmental policy and competitiveness. Lessons derive from this literature review. Typically, even when implementing the environmental policy is clearly in the overall interest of society, the costs and benefits of the policy are unlikely to be equally shared among economic agents. While some win, individual firms or industries may stand to lose. Policy design should make sure that the adverse competitiveness impacts are not unnecessarily large, for example by paying attention to predictability, transition periods, and transaction costs. Specific measures to support the losers in their adjustment can also be developed. Sometimes measures to mitigate the adverse competitiveness impacts of an environmental policy are necessary to achieve political support for the policy. In those instances, the planned measures should be carefully analysed from several angles to ensure that they do not inadvertently hurt the efficiency and effectiveness of the original policy. More work is required to further explore these issues, which are consequential for the design, the implementation and the enforcement of environmental policies.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 42
    ISBN: 9789264090279
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Payer pour la biodiversité ; Améliorer l'efficacité-coût des paiements pour services écosystémiques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity; Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services (Bulgarian version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity; Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services (Romanian version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Payer pour la biodiversité : Améliorer l'efficacité-coût des paiements pour services écosystémiques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity: Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services (Bulgarian version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity: Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services (Romanian version)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Karousakis, Katia Paying for biodiversity
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Artenvielfalt ; Umwelt ; Umweltökonomik ; Umweltpolitik ; Kosten-Wirksamkeits-Analyse ; Environment ; Biodiversität ; Umweltpolitik ; Umweltökonomie
    Kurzfassung: Biodiversity and ecosystem services provide tangible benefits for society, such as food provisioning, water purification, genetic resources or climate regulation. These services provide critical life support functions and contribute to human health, well being and economic growth. Yet biodiversity is declining worldwide and, in some areas, this loss is accelerating. The need for policies that promote the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystem services is more important than ever. Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) is a direct and flexible incentive-based mechanism under which the user or beneficiary of an ecosystem service makes a direct payment to an individual or community whose land use decisions have an impact on the ecosystem service provision. Interest in PES has been increasing rapidly over the past decade: PES are proliferating worldwide and there are already more than 300 programmes in place today at national, regional and local levels. Drawing on the literature concerning effective PES and on more than 30 case studies from both developed and developing countries, this book aims to identify good practice in the design and implementation of PES programmes so as to enhance their environmental and cost effectiveness. It addresses the following questions: Why are PES useful and how do they work? How can they be made most effective environmentally and how can their cost-effectiveness be maximised? What are the different potential sources of finance for PES programmes, and how can they be secured? and What are the lessons learned from existing PES programmes and insights for future programmes, including international PES?
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 43
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264088726
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (428 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Advancing the aquaculture agenda
    Schlagwort(e): Aquakultur ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Aquakultur ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Fischereipolitik
    Kurzfassung: Aquaculture now provides more than 50% of the global supply of fisheries products for direct human consumption. This conference proceedings addresses key policy challenges of the aquaculture sector. Policy makers, academics, industry representatives, NGOs and international organisations gathered to discuss the critical economic, environmental and social aspects of aquaculture. This publication presents a selection of key issues covered by the workshop and includes a large number of country case studies, which provide specific examples of national approaches to aquaculture management.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 44
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264087873
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE; Japon 2010
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE: Japon 2010
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Japan
    Kurzfassung: This 2010 review of Japan's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. It includes coverage of policy for greening growth, implementation of environmental policies, climate change, waste management and the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle), and nature and biodiversity. The review finds that since the last review, Japan has made steady progress in addressing a range of environmental issues, notably air and water pollution, and the management of chemicals and waste. The energy intensity of the economy has continued to decrease, particularly in the industrial sector, and is among the lowest in OECD countries. Material intensity has also decreased. At the same time, several more complex, long-term challenges have come to the fore: climate change, sound waste, materials management, and biodiversity conservation. Much of the last decade was characterised by sluggish economic growth, and environment and green innovation are targeted as key drivers of future growth and job creation in Japan's New Growth Strategy.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 45
    ISBN: 9789264070264
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 218; Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau-sédiment chargé
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 218: Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau-sédiment chargé
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline is designed to assess the effects of prolonged exposure of chemicals to the sediment-dwelling larvae of the freshwater dipteran Chironomus sp. First instar chironomid larvae are exposed to at least five concentrations of the test chemical in sediment - water systems. The test substance is spiked into the sediment and first instar larvae are subsequently introduced into test beakers in which the sediment and water concentrations have been stabilised. Chironomid emergence and development rate is measured at the end of the test. The maximum exposure duration is 28 days for C. riparius, C. yoshimatsui, and 65 days for C. tentans. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 1000 mg/kg. Larval survival and weight may also be measured after 10 days if required (using additional replicates as appropriate). The study report should include the development time and the total number of fully emerged midges (sex and number are recorded daily), the observation of any abnormal behaviour the number of visible pupae that have failed to emerge and any egg masses deposition. The data are analysed either by using a regression model in order to estimate the concentration that would cause x % reduction in emergence or larval survival or growth, or by using statistical hypothesis testing to determine a NOEC/LOEC.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 46
    ISBN: 9789264079144
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (106 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.46
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Detailed Review Paper (DRP) is intended to provide the current state-of-the-knowledge in the area of amphibian metamorphosis with the view to use amphibian metamorphosis as a model for the detection of chemicals affecting the thyroid axis in vertebrates.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 47
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264070561
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (15 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 312; Lixiviation sur des colonnes de sol
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 312: Lixiviation sur des colonnes de sol
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The method described in this Test Guideline is based on soil column chromatography in disturbed soil. Two types of experiments are performed to determine (i) the leaching potential of the test substance, and (ii) the leaching potential of transformation products in soils under controlled laboratory conditions. At least duplicate leaching columns are packed with untreated, air-dried and sieved soil (〈 2 mm) up to a height of approximately 30 cm. Afterwards they are saturated and equilibrated with an “artificial rain” solution and allowed to drain. Then the surface of each soil column is treated with the test substance (non-volatile in water and soil) and/or with aged residues of the test substance. Artificial rain is applied to the soil columns and the leachate is collected. After the leaching process the soil is removed from the columns and is sectioned into an appropriate number of segments depending on the information required from the study. A reference substance (atrazine or monuron) should be used in the leaching experiments. For each soil segment and leachate fraction, the amounts of test substance, transformation products, non-extractables and, if included, of the reference substance should be given in % of applied initial dose.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 48
    ISBN: 9789264069824
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 117; Cœfficient de partage (n-octanol/eau), méthode HPLC
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 117: Cœfficient de partage (n-octanol/eau), méthode HPLC
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes the HPLC method, which permits to determine the partition coefficient (n-octanol/water) (Pow).Reverse phase HPLC is performed on analytical columns packed with a solid phase containing long hydrocarbon chains chemically bound onto silica. The chemicals are retained in the column in proportion to their hydrocarbon-water partition coefficient, with hydrophilic chemicals eluted first and lipophilic chemicals last. The HPLC method covers log Pow in the range of 0 to 6, but it can be expanded to cover the log Pow range between 6 and 10 in exceptional cases. The HPLC operation mode is isocratic. The test substance is injected in the smallest detectable quantities in the column. The retention time is determined in duplicate. The partition coefficient of the test substance is obtained by interpolation of the calculated capacity factor on the calibration graph. For very low and very high partition coefficients extrapolation is necessary.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 49
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264069701
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 111; Hydrolyse en fonction du pH
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 111: Hydrolyse en fonction du pH
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes a laboratory test method to assess abiotic hydrolytic transformations of chemicals in aquatic systems at pH values normally found in the environment (pH 4 – 9). This Guideline is designed as a tiered approach; each tier is triggered by the results of the previous tier.Sterile aqueous buffer solutions of different pH values (pH 4, 7 and 9) are treated with the non-labelled or labelled test substance (only one concentration, which should not exceed 0.01 M or half of the saturation concentration). They are incubated in the dark under controlled laboratory conditions (at constant temperatures). After appropriate time intervals, buffer solutions are analysed for the test substance and for hydrolysis products. The preliminary test should be carried out for 5 days at 50 ± 0.5°C and pH 4.0, 7.0 and 9.0. The second tier consists of the hydrolysis of unstable substances, and the third tier is the identification of hydrolysis products. The higher Tier tests should be conducted until 90 % hydrolysis of the test substance is observed or for 30 days whichever comes first.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 50
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264071087
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (8 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 428; Absorption cutanée ; méthode in vitro
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 428: Absorption cutanée : méthode in vitro
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test method has been designed to provide information on absorption of a test substance, (ideally radiolabelled), applied to the surface of a skin sample separating the two chambers (a donor chamber and a receptor chamber) of a diffusion cell. Static and flow-through diffusion cells are both acceptable. Skin from human or animal sources can be used. Although viable skin is preferred, non-viable skin can also be used. The skin has been shown to have the capability to metabolise some chemicals during percutaneous absorption. In this case, metabolites of the test chemical may be analysed by appropriate methods. Normally more than one concentration of the test substance is used in typical formulations, spanning the realistic range of potential human exposures. The application should mimic human exposure, normally 1-5 mg/cm2 of skin for a solid and up to 10 µl/cm2 for liquids. The temperature must be constant because it affects the passive diffusion of chemicals. The absorption of a test substance during a given time period (normally 24h) is measured by analysis of the receptor fluid and the distribution of the test substance chemical in the test system and the absorption profile with time should be presented.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 51
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264108639
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (214 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Espagne 2004
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Analisis de los resultados medioambientales; España 2004
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Espagne 2004
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Analisis de los resultados medioambientales: España 2004
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Spain
    Kurzfassung: This review of Spain’s environmental performance takes stock of Spain’s environmental performance since the last review done in 1997. It finds that despite substantial increases in GDP, tourism, construction, population density in coastal areas, and road freight transport, progress has been made in decoupling some environmental pressures from economic growth and in developing environmental infrastructure. Nevertheless, Spain faces important challenges related to high energy intensity, high water use intensity, and increasing CO2 emissions and municipal waste. This report makes 46 recommendations to help strengthen Spain’s environmental performance in the context of sustainable development.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 52
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264107786
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Canada 2004
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Canada 2004
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Canada
    Kurzfassung: OECD's comprehensive 2004 report on Canada's environmental policies and programmes systematically examines policy related to air, water, and nature/biodiversity as well as the interface between environmental policy and economic policy, social policy, and specific sectors. It finds that while Canada has made satisfactory progress since 1985, there are still significant challenges, and the report makes specific recommendations for more use of economic instruments and use of the polluter and user pays principles, rationalising water governance, strengthening nature protection, reducing energy intensity, implementing climate change policies, reviewing environmentally related taxes, and implementing marine and aid commitments.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 53
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264069947
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 202; Daphnia sp., essai d'immobilisation immédiate
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 202: Daphnia sp., essai d'immobilisation immédiate
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes an acute toxicity test to assess effects of chemicals towards daphnids (usually Daphnia magna Staus). Young daphnids, aged less than 24 hours at the start of the test, are exposed to the test substance at a range of concentrations (at least five concentrations) for a period of 48 hours. Immobilisation is recorded at 24 hours and 48 hours and compared with control values. The results are analysed in order to calculate the EC50 at 48h. Determination of the EC50 at 24h is optional. At least 20 animals, preferably divided into four groups of five animals each, should be used at each test concentration and for the controls. At least 2 ml of test solution should be provided for each animal (i.e. a volume of 10 ml for five daphnids per test vessel). The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 100 mg/L. The study report should include the observation for immobilized daphnids at 24 and 48 hours after the beginning of the test and the measures of dissolved oxygen, pH, concentration of the test substance, at the beginning and end of the test.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 54
    ISBN: 9789264070547
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 309; Minéralisation aérobie dans les eaux superficielles - Essai de simulation de la biodégradation
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 309: Minéralisation aérobie dans les eaux superficielles Essai de simulation de la biodégradation
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of this test is to measure the time course of biodegradation of a test substance at low concentration in aerobic natural water and to quantify the observations in the form of kinetic rate expressions. The test is performed in batch by “pelagic test” or “suspended sediment test” to simulate a water body with suspended solids or re-suspended sediment. The test flasks are incubated in darkness at an environmental temperature under aerobic conditions and agitation during 60 days normally. At least two different concentrations of test substance (non-volatile or slightly volatile organic) should be used. The maximum test concentration should be less than 100µg/L (biodegradation following first order kinetics) and the lowest test concentration preferably in the range of ‹1-10µg/L. Two subsamples should be withdrawn from each test flask at each sampling time. Degradation is followed at appropriate time intervals, by measuring either the residual 14C or the residual concentration of test substance. The total mineralisation and the primary biodegradation are determined by a different 14C labeling part of the molecule. Periodic measurements of pH and oxygen concentration in the test system must be conducted.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 55
    ISBN: 9789264071148
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (8 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 431; Corrosion cutanée in vitro ;Essai sur modèle de peau humaine
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 431: Corrosion cutanée in vitro :Essai sur modèle de peau humaine
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The test described in this Test Guideline allows the identification of corrosive chemical substances and mixtures and it enables the identification of non-corrosive substances and mixtures when supported by a weight of evidence determination using other existing information. The test protocol may also provide an indication of the distinction between severe and less severe skin corrosives. This Test Guideline does not require the use of live animals or animal tissue for the assessment of skin corrosivity. The test material (solid or liquid) is applied uniformly and topically to a three-dimensional human skin model, comprising at least a reconstructed epidermis with a functional stratum corneum. Two tissue replicates are used for each treatment (exposure time), and for controls. Corrosive materials are identified by their ability to produce a decrease in cell viability below defined threshold levels at specified exposure periods. The principle of the human skin model assay is based on the hypothesis that corrosive chemicals are able to penetrate the stratum corneum by diffusion or erosion, and are cytotoxic to the underlying cell layers.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 56
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264071063
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (8 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 427; Absorption cutanée ; méthode in vivo
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 427: Absorption cutanée : méthode in vivo
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The in vivo percutaneous absorption study set out in this Test Guideline provides the linkage necessary to extrapolate from oral studies when making safety assessments following dermal exposure. The in vivo method, described in this guideline, allows the determination of the penetration of the test substance through the skin into the systemic compartment. The test substance, preferably radiolabelled, is applied, for a fixed period of time, to the clipped skin of animals at one or more appropriate dose levels in the form of a representative in-use preparation. The rat is the most commonly used species. At least four animals of one sex should be used for each test preparation and each scheduled termination time. A known amount of the test preparation is evenly applied to the site. This amount should normally mimic potential human exposure, typically 1-5 mg/cm² for a solid or up to 10 µl/cm² for liquids. A relevant exposure period (typically 6 or 24 hours) should be used, based on the expected human exposure duration. The animals should be observed for signs of toxicity/abnormal reactions at intervals for the entire duration of the study. This study includes: daily measurements (excreta), regular detailed observations, as well as sacrifice at the scheduled time and blood collected for analysis.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 57
    ISBN: 9789264071124
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 430; Corrosion cutanée in vitro ; Essai de résistance électrique transcutanée (RET)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 430: Corrosion cutanée in vitro : Essai de résistance électrique transcutanée (RET)
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The Globally Harmonised System for the Classification and Labelling of Chemicals defines skin corrosion as the production of irreversible tissue damage in the skin following the application of a test material. The test material (150 µL for liquids or solid with 150 µL of deionised water added on the top) is applied for up to 24 hours to the epidermal surfaces of skin discs (three skin discs are used for each test and control substance) in a two-compartment test system in which the skin discs function as the separation between the compartments. The skin discs are taken from humanely killed rats aged 28-30 days. Corrosive materials are identified by their ability to produce a loss of normal stratum corneum integrity and barrier function, which is measured as a reduction in the TER below a threshold level (5kΩ for rat). A dye-binding step incorporated into the test procedure permits to determine if the increase in ionic permeability is due to physical destruction of the stratum corneum.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264070288
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 219; Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau chargée-sédiment
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 219: Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau chargée-sédiment
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline is designed to assess the effects of prolonged exposure of chemicals to the sediment-dwelling larvae of the freshwater dipteran Chironomus sp. First instar chironomid larvae are exposed to at least five concentrations of the test chemical in sediment-water systems. The test starts by placing first instar larvae into the test beakers containing the sediment-water system and subsequently spiking the test substance into the water. Chironomid emergence and development rate is measured at the end of the test. The maximum exposure duration is 28 days for C. riparius, C. yoshimatsui, and 65 days for C. tentans. Larval survival and weight may also be measured after 10 days if required (using additional replicates as appropriate). The study report should include the development time and the total number of fully emerged midges (sex and number are recorded daily), the observation of any abnormal behaviour, the number of visible pupae that have failed to emerge and any egg masses deposition. The data are analysed either by using a regression model in order to estimate the concentration that would cause x % reduction in emergence, larvae survival or growth, or by using statistical hypothesis testing to determine a NOEC/LOEC.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264070325
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 222; Essai de reproduction chez le lombric (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 222: Essai de reproduction chez le lombric (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei)
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline is designed to be used for assessing the effects of chemicals in soil on the reproductive output (and other sub-lethal end points) of the earthworm species Eisenia fetida or Eisenia andrei. Adult worms are exposed to a range of concentrations of the test substance either mixed into the soil or applied to the soil surface. The range of test concentrations is selected to encompass those likely to cause both sub-lethal and lethal effects over a period of eight weeks. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 1000 mg/kg. This study includes the observation of unusual behaviour and morphology, the counting and weighing of the adult worms after the four primary weeks, the number of juveniles hatched at the end of the second 4-week period. The reproductive output of the worms exposed to the test substance is compared to that of the control(s) in order to determine the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and/or ECx by using a regression model to estimate the concentration that would cause a x % reduction in reproductive output. The test concentrations should bracket the ECx so that the ECx then comes from interpolation rather than extrapolation.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 60
    ISBN: 9789264084971
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.14
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Application des Principes de BPL aux études in vitro
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of this document is to facilitate the proper application and interpretation of the GLP Principles for the organisation and management of in vitro studies, and to provide guidance for the appropriate application of the GLP Principles to in vitro studies, both for test facilities (management, QA, study director and personnel), and for national GLP compliance monitoring authorities. This Advisory Document intends to provide such additional interpretation of the Principles and guidance for their application to in vitro studies carried out for regulatory purposes. It is organised in such a way as to provide easy reference to the GLP Principles by following the sequence of the different parts of these GLP Principles.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 61
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264071162
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (15 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 432; Essai de phototoxicité in vitro 3T3 NRU
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 432: Essai de phototoxicité in vitro 3T3 NRU
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes a method to evaluate photo-cytotoxicity by the relative reduction in viability of cells exposed to the chemical in the presence versus absence of light. Balb/c 3T3 cells are maintained in culture for 24 h for formation of monolayers. Two 96-well plates are pre-incubated with eight different concentrations of the test substance for 1 h. Thereafter one of the two plates is exposed to the highest non-cytotoxic irradiation dose whereas the other plate is kept in the dark. Cytotoxicity in this test is expressed as a concentration-dependent reduction of the uptake of the Vital dye Neutral Red (NR) when measured 24 hours after treatment with the test chemical and irradiation. NR penetrates cell membranes by non-diffusion, accumulating in lysosomes. Alterations of the cell surface of the sensitive lysosomal membrane lead to lysosomal fragility and other changes that gradually become irreversible. Such changes result in a decreased uptake and binding of NR. It is thus possible to distinguish between viable, damaged or dead cells. To predict the phototoxic potential, the concentration responses obtained in the presence and in the absence of irradiation are compared, usually at the IC50 level, i.e., the concentration reducing cell viability to 50 % compared to the untreated controls. Software to be used with TG 425, 432, 455. Click here. Software not part of the Mutual Acceptance of Data.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 62
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264070301
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 220; Essai de reproduction chez l'enchytrée
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 220: Essai de reproduction chez l'enchytrée
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline is designed to be used for assessing the effects of chemicals on the reproductive output of the enchytraeid worm, Enchytraeus albidus Henle 1873, in soil. Adult enchytraeid worms are exposed to a range of concentrations of the test substance mixed into an artificial soil. Ten worms are randomly allocated to each test vessel. A range-finding test should be used, for two weeks, in case of no sufficient information. The duration of the definitive test is six weeks. At the end the total number of juveniles produced by parent animal and the survival of parent animals are assessed. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 1000 mg/kg. The study report should include the adult morphological changes, the number of offspring. The reproductive output of the animals exposed to the test substance is compared to that of the control(s) in order to determine the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and/or ECx by using a regression model to estimate the concentration that would cause a x % reduction in reproductive output. The test concentrations should bracket the ECx so that the ECx then comes from interpolation rather than extrapolation.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 63
    ISBN: 9789264020139
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (428 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: The papers in this conference proceedings address the various conceptual, measurement and statistical policy issues that arise when applying accounting frameworks to the concept of sustainable development.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 64
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264108592
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (212 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Suède 2004
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Suède 2004
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Sweden
    Kurzfassung: This review of Sweden’s environmental performance takes stock of Sweden’s environmental performance since the last review done in 1996. It finds that Sweden has benefited from solid institutional and regulatory frameworks, extensive use of economic instruments, and significant planning and legislative reform. To meet its Environmental Quality Objectives, Sweden will need to implement more efficient environmental policies, further integrate environmental concerns with other policy, and further strengthen international environmental cooperation. The report makes 44 recommendations to help strengthen Sweden’s environmental performance in the context of sustainable development.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264079106
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (14 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.41
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This review documents examines member country classification of substances and mixtures which in contact with water release toxic gases.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 66
    ISBN: 9789264078673
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.8
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Principes de bonnes pratiques de laboratoire et vérification du respect de ces principes
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This document defines the roles and responsibilities of the Study Director in Good Laboratory Practice studies.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 67
    ISBN: 9789264019119
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Serie: Series on Chemical Accidents
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Document d'orientation de l'OCDE sur les indicateurs de performance en matière de sécurité ; Document d'accompagnement des Principes directeurs de l'OCDE pour la prévention, la préparation et l'intervention en matière d'accidents chimiques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators; A Companion to the OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response (Chinese version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Document d'orientation de l'OCDE sur les indicateurs de performance en matière de sécurité : Document d'accompagnement des Principes directeurs de l'OCDE pour la prévention, la préparation et l'intervention en matière d'accidents chimiques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators: A Companion to the OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response (Chinese version)
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators provides a systemic approach to measuring the success of stakeholders' chemical safety programmes by detailing targets, activity indicators and outcome indicators. It also provides flexibility for groups to design programmes to assess their own performance related to the prevention of, preparedness for, and response to chemical accidents. The SPI (Safety Performance Indicators) serves as a guide to help industry, authorities and communities measure the extent to which actions help improve chemical safety.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 68
    ISBN: 9789264103436
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Serie: Radiation Protection
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Protection radiologique de l'environnement ; Rapport de synthèse des questions-clés
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Protection radiologique de l'environnement : Rapport de synthèse des questions-clés
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Nuclear Energy
    Kurzfassung: The system of radiological protection is currently being revised in order to make it simpler, clearer and more responsive to stakeholder needs. During this evolution process, particular attention is being given to the development of an explicit system for the radiological protection of the environment. It was in this context that the NEA organised, in close collaboration with the International Commission on Radiological Protection, a forum on radiological protection of the environment. This report summarises the key issues discussed at the forum. They include sustainable development, identification of what to protect, the definition of detriment, the necessary level of regulation, an integrated approach to protection, the use of similar approaches for humans and the environment, practical foundations for a system of environmental protection, and consequences in terms of training.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 69
    ISBN: 9789264101821
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Serie: Series on Chemical Accidents
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response; (Chinese version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Principes directeurs de l'OCDE pour la prévention, la préparation et l'intervention en matière d'accidents chimiques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response: (Chinese version)
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: This second comprehensive edition of these Principles is to help public authorities, industry and communities worldwide anticipate accidents involving hazardous substances resulting from technological and natural disasters, as well as sabotage. It addresses the following issues: preventing the occurrence of chemical accidents and near-misses; preparing for accidents through emergency planning, public communication, etc.; responding to accidents and minimising their adverse effects; and following-up to accidents, regarding clean-up, reporting and investigation.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 70
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264199163
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Italie 2002
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OCSE Rapporti Sulle Performance Ambientali; Italia 2002
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Italie 2002
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OCSE Rapporti Sulle Performance Ambientali: Italia 2002
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Italy
    Kurzfassung: This review of Italy's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 71
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264099098
    Sprache: Italienisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (194 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Rapporto sulle performance ambientali
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Italy 2002
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Italie 2002
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Italy 2002
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Italie 2002
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Italy
    Kurzfassung: Temi trattati : Gestione dell’ambiente Gestione dell’aria, dell’acqua e dei rifiuti Protezione della natura e della biodiversità Economia, società e ambiente Integrazione settoriale: trasporti Cooperazione internazionale Esami recenti disponibili Messico 1998 Australia 1998 Svizzera 1998 Belgio 1998 Repubblica ceca 1999 Danimarca 1999 Federazione della Russia* 1999 Turchia 1999 Ungheria 2000 Grecia 2000 Irlanda 2000 Lussemburgo 2000 Paesi dell’OCSE 2001 Germania 2001 Islanda 2001 Norvegia 2001 Portogallo 2001 Repubblica slovacca 2002 Giappone 2002 Regno Unito 2002 Italia 2002 La presente pubblicazione fa parte del programma di esami condotti dall’OCSE sulle performance ambientali di ogni Paese Membro. Sono esaminati in modo dettagliato gli sforzi compiuti per raggiungere gli obiettivi nazionali e per rispondere agli impegni internazionali. Le analisi si appoggiano su un vasto insieme di dati economici e ambientali e sboccano su raccomandazioni su i progressi da compiere nel campo dell’ambiente e dello sviluppo sostenibile. Il primo ciclo di Esami delle performance ambientali dei Paesi Membri si è concluso nel 2000. * Paese non membro dell’OCSE.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 72
    ISBN: 9789264101333
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (75 p.)
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This report draws on the water management chapters of 42 country reviews carried out to date to identify common achievements and remaining challenges for OECD countries in terms of further reducing the pollution burden and protecting human health and aquatic ecosystems. Conclusions are drawn relating to: i) better integrating water and other policies for sustainable development; ii) getting water prices right; and iii) new challenges for water-related public health.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 73
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264078635
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.6
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Application des principes de BPL aux études sur le terrain
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This document specifies the application of the Good Laboratory Practice principles to field studies, interpreting such concepts as study, test site, study director, management responsibilities, quality assurance, etc. for application in this specific context.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 74
    ISBN: 9789264032385
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (110 p)
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This glossary integrates a wealth of policy, legal, management and technical terms that were selected according to one key criterion: each of them had to be used in environmental compliance promotion and enforcement or have significance for this field. The glossary is designed to assist in achieving a shared vision of strengthening compliance assurance efforts. It is for policy and law makers, inspectors, government officials, NGOs and academics, consultants, etc. - all those engaged with enforcement and compliance promotion activities.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 75
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105010
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Mexique 2003
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Evaluacion del Desempeño Ambiental; Mexico
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Mexique 2003
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Evaluacion del Desempeño Ambiental: Mexico
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Mexico
    Kurzfassung: This 2003 edition of OECD's periodic review of Mexico's environmental policies and programmes examines its progress in air, water, waste and biodiversity management; sustainable development; the environmental-economic and environmental-social interfaces; and international commitments. It presents a series of recommendations for dealing with key environmental issues.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 76
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264101005
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Pays-Bas 2003
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Pays-Bas 2003
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Netherlands
    Kurzfassung: This review of the Netherland's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 77
    ISBN: 9789264101227
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (292 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les risques émergents au XXIe siècle ; Vers un programme d'action
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les risques émergents au XXIe siècle : Vers un programme d'action
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: The 21st Century has so far witnessed a host of large-scale disasters in various parts of the world including: windstorms, flooding, new diseases infesting both humans and animals, terrorist attacks and major disruptions to critical infrastructures. It is not just the nature of major risks that seems to be changing, but also the context in which risks are evolving as well as society’s capacity to manage them. This book explores the implications of these developments for economy and society in the 21st century, focussing in particular on the potentially significant increase in the vulnerability of major systems. It concentrates on five large risk clusters: natural disasters, technological accidents, infectious diseases, food safety and terrorism, identifies the challenges facing OECD countries and sets out recommendations for governments and the private sector as to how the management of emerging systemic risks might be improved.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 78
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264018891
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Autriche 2003
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Autriche 2003
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Austria
    Kurzfassung: This review of Austria's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 79
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264100961
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Pologne 2003
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Pologne 2003
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Poland
    Kurzfassung: This review of Poland's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 80
    ISBN: 9789264078314
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.13
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This detailed review document examines member country classifications for sensitising substances.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 81
    ISBN: 9789264078420
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (20 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.25
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This detailed review document examines member country hazard classification systems for specific target organ systemic toxicity following single or repeated exposure.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 82
    ISBN: 9789264078505
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (191 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.36
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This document contains the report from the OECD/UNEP Workshop on the Use of Multimedia Models for Estimating Overall Persistence and Long-range Transport in the Context of PBTs/POPs Assessment, held on 29-31 October 2001 in Ottawa, Canada, together with background papers, presentation summaries, and reports from the three subgroups.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 83
    ISBN: 9789264078017
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (187 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.8
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This document contains the report of the OECD Workshop on Sharing Information about New Industrial Chemicals Assessment. Included in this report are the Workshop’s Conclusions and Recommendations, as well as a summary of discussions, case studies, and perspectives on the sharing of information presented at the Workshop. Background material and the results of a survey of existing notification schemes for new industrial chemicals are also included.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 84
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264078529
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (257 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.2
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This document reviews the area of biodegradability testing in order to identify whether, in the light of scientific developments, there was a need to revise existing OECD Test Guidelines or to develop new Guidelines.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 85
    ISBN: 9789264077935
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (96 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.4
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Environment Monograph contains the report of the OECD Workshop on Environmental Hazard/Risk Assessment, which took place in London in May 1994. The Workshop was hosted by the Department of the Environment (DoE) of the United Kingdom. Work on hazard assessment in the OECD’s Chemicals Programme is closely related to the work on Test Guidelines, co-operative investigation of existing chemicals, and the Pesticide Programme. The objectives of hazard assessment activities are to promote awareness, improvement, and, to the extent possible, harmonization of hazard assessment procedures for chemicals (including pesticides) and to encourage mutual use and acceptance of hazard assessments in OECD and other countries. These activities include the development and compilation of practical methods and procedures; promotion of their application in conjunction with co-operative investigations of chemicals; and promotion of harmonization of assessment reports. In recent years, workshops have been held (and documents produced) on aquatic exposure assessment, initial assessment of occupational and consumer exposure, and data estimation methods.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 86
    ISBN: 9789264174962
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; République Slovaque 2002
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Performance Environmental Reviews (Slovak version); Slovak Republic
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : République Slovaque 2002
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Performance Environmental Reviews (Slovak version): Slovak Republic
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Slovak Republic
    Kurzfassung: This review of the Slovak Republic's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 87
    ISBN: 9789264033924
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (82 p)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Oeuvrer ensemble pour un développement durable
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The report assesses the contribution made by OECD countries, both at home and internationally, and brings together the main lessons learned through the Organisation's extensive work on sustainable development.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 88
    ISBN: 9789264078338
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (24 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.15
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This detailed review document examines member country classification systems for reproductive toxicity.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 89
    ISBN: 9789264070523
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (19 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 308; Transformation aérobie et anaérobie dans les sédiments aquatiques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 308: Transformation aérobie et anaérobie dans les sédiments aquatiques
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes a laboratory test method to assess aerobic and anaerobic transformation of organic chemicals in aquatic sediment systems. The method permits the measurement of (i) the transformation rate of the test substance in a water-sediment system and in the sediment (ii) the mineralisation rate of the test substance and/or its transformation products, (iii) the distribution of the test substance and its transformation products between the two phases during a period of incubation in the dark, at constant temperature, and (iv) the identification and quantification of transformation products in water and sediment phases including mass balance. At least two sediments different with respect to organic carbon content and texture are used. Ideally the test substance (one concentration) should be applied as an aqueous solution into the water phase. The duration of the experiment should normally not exceed 100 days, and should continue until the degradation pathway and water/sediment distribution pattern are established or when 90 % of the test substance has been removed by transformation and/or volatilisation. The number of sampling times should be at least six. The study includes: concentration in the water and sediment of the test substance and the transformation products at every sampling time; results from gases/volatiles trapping systems at each sampling time; mineralisation rates; and non-extractable residues in sediment at each sampling point. Half-lives, DT50, DT75 and DT90 values are determined where the data warrant.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 90
    ISBN: 9789264078390
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (25 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.22
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This document provides guidance for the performance of out-door monolith lysimeter studies.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 91
    ISBN: 9789264066076
    Sprache: Portugiesisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (244 p)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Towards Sustainable Development; Environmental Indicators
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Vers un développement durable ; Indicateurs d'environnement
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Towards Sustainable Development: Environmental Indicators
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Vers un développement durable : Indicateurs d'environnement
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Interest in sustainable development and awareness of the international dimension of environmental problems, have stimulated governments to track and chart environmental progress and its links with economic conditions and trends. This publication presents leading environmental indicators from the OECD Core Set and thus contributes to measuring environmental performance and progress towards sustainable development. Organised by issues such as climate change, air pollution, biodiversity, waste or water resources, this book provides essential information for all those interested in sustainable development.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 92
    ISBN: 9789264070509
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (17 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 307; Transformation aérobie et anaérobie dans le sol
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 307: Transformation aérobie et anaérobie dans le sol
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The method described in this Test Guideline is designed for evaluating aerobic and anaerobic transformation of chemicals in soil. The experiments are performed to determine the rate of transformation of the test substance, and the nature and rates of formation and decline of transformation products, to which plants and soil organisms may be exposed. About 50 to 200 g soil samples (a sandy loam or silty loam or loam or loamy sand) are treated with the test substance and incubated in the dark, in biometer-type flasks or in flow-through systems under controlled laboratory conditions. The treatment rate should correspond to the highest application rate of a crop protection product recommended in the use instructions. Also untreated soil samples are incubated under test conditions. These samples are used for biomass measurements during and at the end of the studies. The rate and pathway studies should normally not exceed 120 days. Duplicate incubation flasks are removed at appropriate time intervals and the soil samples extracted with appropriate solvents, of different polarity, and analysed for the test substance and/or transformation products. Volatile products are also collected for analysis using appropriate adsorption devices. Using 14C-labelled material, the various mineralisation rates of the test substance can be measured by trapping evolved 14CO2 and a mass balance, including the formation of soil bound residues, can be established.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 93
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264070622
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 404; Effet irritant/corrosif aigu sur la peau
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 404: Effet irritant/corrosif aigu sur la peau
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This method provides information on health hazard likely to arise from exposure to liquid or solid test substance by dermal application. This Test Guideline recommends sequential testing strategies, which include the performance of validated and accepted in vitro or ex vivo tests for corrosion/irritation. The albino rabbit is the preferable laboratory animal. The substance to be tested is applied in a single dose to a small area of skin (approximately 6cm²) of an experimental animal; untreated skin areas of the test animal serve as the control. The exposure period is 4 hours. Residual test substance should then be removed. The dose is 0.5ml (liquid) or 0.5g (solid) applied to the test site. The method consists of two tests: the initial test and the confirmatory test (used only if a corrosive effect is not observed in the initial test). All animals should be examined for signs of erythema and oedema during 14 days. The dermal irritation scores should be evaluated in conjunction with the nature and severity of lesions, and their reversibility or lack of reversibility. When responses persist to the end of the 14-day observation period, the test substance should be considered an irritant.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 94
    ISBN: 9789264071001
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 423; Toxicité orale aigue͏̈ - Méthode par classe de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 423: Toxicité orale aigue͏̈ - Méthode par classe de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This is a test guideline for testing for Acute Oral Tosxidity using the Acute Toxic Class Method.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 95
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264175334
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (292 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Japon 2002
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Japon 2002
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Japan
    Kurzfassung: This review of Japan's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 96
    ISBN: 9789264078345
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (29 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.16
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This detailed review document examines member country classification systems for skin irritation/corrosion.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 97
    ISBN: 9789264161078
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Royaume-Uni 2002
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Royaume-Uni 2002
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: This review of the United Kingdom's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 98
    ISBN: 9789264078307
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (25 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.12
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Detailed Review Document (DRD) presents an overview of classification systems/guidelines used in OECD Member countries relating to the mutagenicity of chemicals, based on responses to a questionnaire. Several OECD Member countries have implemented legislation, including classification systems and lists of mutagens; these countries include Canada, Japan and EU Member States. The United States has implemented mutagenicity risk assessment guidelines for determination of potential human germ cell mutagens. Several countries, including the Czech Republic, Norway and Switzerland, intend to apply the EU legislation in the near future. New Zealand is moving towards harmonization with Australia, with respect to establishing guidelines for mutagenicity assessment.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 99
    ISBN: 9789264199149
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (53 p)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'énergie nucléaire et le Protocole de Kyoto
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Nuclear Energy
    Kurzfassung: The implementation of the Kyoto Protocol and the application of its "flexible mechanisms" are at the forefront of energy policy debates in most OECD countries. The potential role of nuclear energy in this context is viewed very differently and assessed against various criteria by the range of stakeholders in governments and civil society according to their interests and priorities. This book provides key facts concerning nuclear energy and the Kyoto Protocol. It highlights the challenges and opportunities for the future development of nuclear energy in the context of implementing the Kyoto Protocol, and more broadly in alleviating the risks of global climate change.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 100
    ISBN: 9789264066083
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Greener Public Purchasing; Issues and Practical Solutions
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Marchés publics et environnement ; Problèmes et solutions pratiques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Greener Public Purchasing: Issues and Practical Solutions
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Marchés publics et environnement : Problèmes et solutions pratiques
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: Government consumption of products and services in OECD Member countries is estimated to be responsible for 9 to 25% of GDP. Given the importance of public purchasing, national and local authorities have been paying increasing attention to the opportunities to improve the environment by selecting environmentally sounder products. This publication describes the successes, the efforts and the difficulties encountered within Member countries by focusing on the role and concerns of the officials that operate purchasing. Also, it shows how greener public purchasing can support a number of other crucial policy objectives such as the reduction of government operating costs, the improvement of governance, and the reduction of greenhouse gases.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
Schließen ⊗
Diese Webseite nutzt Cookies und das Analyse-Tool Matomo. Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier...