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  • González Cabral, Ana Cinta  (8)
  • Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques  (7)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (15)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing ;
  • Taxation  (15)
  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Taxation Working Papers no.68
    Keywords: Unternehmensbesteuerung ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Globale Mindeststeuer ; Welt ; Taxation
    Abstract: The paper assesses the impact of the global minimum tax (GMT) on the taxation of multinational enterprises (MNEs), based on a comprehensive dataset capturing the global activities of large MNEs. It has four key findings. First, the GMT substantially reduces the incentives to shift profits. Second, the GMT is estimated to very substantially reduce low-taxed profit worldwide through lower profit shifting and top-up taxation. Third, the GMT is estimated to increase CIT revenues. Finally, the GMT is estimated to reduce tax rate differentials across jurisdictions with potential impacts on the allocation of investment and MNE activity.
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Taxation Working Papers no.62
    Keywords: Taxation ; Science and Technology ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The use of tax incentives that provide preferential tax treatment to the incomes arising from research and development (R&D) and innovation activities, such as intellectual property regimes, has accelerated over the last two decades. The globalisation of R&D together with the greater mobility of intangible income may have contributed to the rise in such incentives to attract and retain R&D and innovation activity while preventing the transfer of taxable base to other countries. This paper documents the changes to the availability and design of income-based tax incentives from 2000 onwards for 48 countries, including all OECD countries and EU countries. Building on this, the paper analyses trends in the generosity of income-based tax support over time by building indicators of effective tax rates that can provide insights into the impact of Action 5 of the OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project.
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2023/03
    Keywords: Taxation ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Despite the increasing adoption of income-based tax incentives for R&D and innovation in the OECD area and beyond, evidence on the availability, design, generosity and actual cost of these incentives remains scarce. This report helps fill this gap by documenting government efforts to provide preferential tax treatment of economic outputs of innovation activities. Drawing on the responses of national contact points to the OECD KNOWINTAX surveys carried out in 2020 and 2021, it presents new evidence on the cost (foregone tax revenues) and uptake of income-based-tax incentives by businesses in 2019, and tracks their distribution by firm size and industry and their evolution over the 2000-2019 period.
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Taxation Working Papers no.60
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Tax incentives that provide preferential tax treatment to the incomes arising from research and development (R&D) and innovation activities, such as intellectual property regimes, have become widespread in recent years. This paper describes the key design features of tax incentives available in 49 member countries of the Inclusive Framework on BEPS (IF), covering all OECD countries and EU countries. It outlines differences in the design of such incentives that may translate into differences in the tax benefits offered. The information collected and reported in this paper is a first step towards a more systematic comparison of tax support policies for R&D and Innovation.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Taxation Working Papers no.67
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: The effective taxation of corporate profits is at the centre of an active public and academic debate. This debate is often focused on the extent of low-taxed profit of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in jurisdictions with low statutory tax rates or low average effective tax rates (ETRs). However, some affiliates in high tax jurisdictions may also be subject to low ETRs, due to tax incentives or other provisions. To date, a global accounting of the ETRs paid by MNEs that incorporates within-country heterogeneity has been missing. Using a new dataset on the global activities of large MNEs, this paper provides new estimates of the distribution of effective tax rates of large MNEs across and within jurisdictions. The results show that low tax profit is common, and that substantial low-taxed profit exists outside low tax jurisdictions. We estimate that high tax jurisdictions (jurisdictions with average ETRs of above 15%) account for more than half (53.2%) of global profits taxed below 15%, much more than very low tax jurisdictions (those with average ETRs below 5%) which only account for 18.7% of low-taxed profits. This suggests that an assessment of global low-taxed profit that focuses only on jurisdictions with low average ETRs could potentially miss out on more than half of global low-taxed profit.
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Taxation Working Papers no.63
    Keywords: Taxation ; Science and Technology ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Tax incentives such as intellectual property regimes provide for reduced taxation of the income derived from research, development, and innovation related activities. By doing so, they lower the overall tax burden from investing in certain qualified intangible assets. This paper proposes a methodology to build indicators comparing the effect of income-based tax incentives for R&D and innovation on firms' incentives to make R&D intangible investments. It provides insights into how such incentives affect firms' decisions on whether, where and how much to invest in R&D intangibles. These indicators are used to illustrate the extent to which these tax incentives may create potential distortions to firms' investment, protection and commercialisation decisions. The model is further developed to account for the design changes to such tax incentives introduced by the OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting minimum standard.
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (66 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Taxation Working Papers no.54
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: R&D tax incentives have become a widely used policy tool to promote business R&D. How do they shape firms’ incentives to invest in R&D? This paper contributes a methodology to construct forward-looking effective tax rates for an R&D investment that reflect the value of expenditure-based R&D tax incentives. The new OECD estimates cover 48 countries and consider the case of large profitable firms, accounting for the bulk of R&D in most economies. The results provide new insights into the generosity of R&D tax incentives from the perspective of firms that decide on whether or where to invest in R&D (extensive margin) and the level (intensive margin) of R&D investment. The generosity of the favourable tax treatment of R&D is shown to vary at the intensive and extensive margins, highlighting differences in countries’ strategies to support R&D through the tax system.
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Taxation Working Papers no.50
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation
    Abstract: This working paper presents the analytical framework used by the Secretariat to estimate the direct effects of the Pillar One and Pillar Two proposals on MNE’s investment costs. The analysis builds on the standard ETR framework and extends it in two important respects. First, ETRs are calculated for an investment performed by an entity belonging to an MNE group and account for the possibility that MNEs use their organisational structure to shift profits to low tax jurisdictions. Second, the model incorporates a stylised version of the tax provisions introduced under Pillar One and Pillar Two. The results, covering over 70 jurisdictions, account for differences in tax bases and rates, and are empirically calibrated to map MNE activities, i.e., the location of their profits, turnover and assets as well as the impact of the proposals. Overall, the results suggest that the Pillar One and Pillar Two proposals would lead to modest increases on global weighted ETRs. This paper feeds into the broader analysis of the investment impacts of the Pillar One and Pillar Two proposals.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789264110427
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.)
    Series Statement: Forum mondial sur la transparence et l'échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews; Belgium 2011; Phase 1; Legal and Regulatory Framework
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews: Belgium 2011: Phase 1: Legal and Regulatory Framework
    Keywords: Taxation ; Belgium
    Abstract: Le Forum mondial sur la transparence et l’échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales est l’enceinte multilatérale au sein de laquelle le travail en matière de transparence fiscale et d’échange de renseignements est mené par plus de 90 juridictions participant, sur un pied d’égalité, aux travaux du Forum mondial. Le Forum mondial est chargé de la surveillance approfondie et de l’examen par les pairs de la mise en œuvre des standards en matière de transparence et d’échange de renseignements en matière fiscale. Ces standards sont essentiellement reflétés dans le Modèle d’accord d’échange de renseignements en matière fiscale et ses commentaires publiés en 2002 par l’OCDE et dans l’article 26 du Modèle de convention fiscale concernant le revenu et la fortune de l’OCDE et ses commentaires, tels que mis à jour en 2004. Ces standards ont aussi été repris dans le Modèle de convention fiscale des Nations-Unies Les standards prévoient l’échange de renseignements sur demande des informations vraisemblablement pertinentes pour l’administration et l’application de la législation fiscale interne de la partie requérante. La pêche aux renseignements n’est pas autorisée mais tous les renseignements vraisemblablement pertinents doivent être fournis, y compris les renseignements bancaires et les renseignements détenus par des agents fiduciaires, sans tenir compte de l’existence d’un intérêt fiscal national. Tous les membres du Forum Mondial, ainsi que les juridictions identifiées par le Forum Mondial comme pertinentes pour ses travaux, seront examinés. Ce processus est réalisé en deux phases. L’examen de phase 1 évalue la qualité du cadre juridique et réglementaire des juridictions en matière d’échange de renseignements alors que l’examen de phase 2 se concentre sur la mise en œuvre pratique de ce cadre. Certains membres du Forum mondial font l’objet d’un examen combiné - phase 1 et phase 2 -. Le but final vise à aider les juridictions à mettre effectivement en œuvre les standards internationaux en matière de transparence et d’échange de renseignements en matière de fiscale.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264041066
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Edition: Edition du XXe anniversaire
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters; Twentieth Anniversary Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters: Twentieth Anniversary Edition
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Cette convention propose aux autorités fiscales un cadre juridique de coopération internationale sans violer la souveraineté nationale ni les droits des contribuables. L'édition du XXème anniversaire de La Convention contient le texte assorti de commentaires. Cette convention multilatérale, entrée en vigueur en 1995, suscite un intérêt croissant puisque presque la moitié des pays qui l’ont signée, l’ont fait au cours des cinq dernières années. Ce regain d’intérêt reflète l'importance croissante de l'échange de renseignements et d’autres formes de coopération entre administrations fiscales dans un monde des affaires et financier où les frontières s'estompent de plus en plus.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789264014305
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving Access to Bank Information for Tax Purposes; The 2007 Progress Report
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving Access to Bank Information for Tax Purposes: The 2007 Progress Report
    Keywords: Taxation
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789264018266
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Bribery Awareness Handbook for Tax Examiners
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: L’OCDE a conçu un manuel pour fournir aux contrôleurs des impôts des informations sur les différentes techniques utilisées aux fins de corruption et des outils pour détecter et identifier les pots-de-vin.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789264008717
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices et ouvrages de référence du CAD
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmental Fiscal Reform for Poverty Reduction
    Keywords: Environment ; Taxation ; Development
    Abstract: Ce document de référence du CAD décrit les principaux aspects à prendre en considération dans la conception d’une « réforme fiscale écologique » (RFE). La RFE recouvre un ensemble de mesures fiscales et de tarification qui permettent d’obtenir des recettes budgétaires tout en contribuant à la réalisation d’objectifs environnementaux. Le but est de définir des « bonnes pratiques » et de fournir des indications sur la façon dont les organismes de coopération pour le développement peuvent aider les pays en développement à tirer parti des méthodes de RFE dans le cadre de leurs stratégies de développement et de lutte contre la pauvreté. Après un examen des instruments de la RFE et des problèmes techniques qui leur sont liés, les Lignes directrices et ouvrages de référence mettent l’accent sur les questions politico-économiques et les problèmes de gouvernance soulevés par la réforme. Le document se penche en particulier sur les conditions préalables d’une conception et d’une mise en œuvre couronnées de succès, sur les diverses étapes du cycle des politiques dans le cadre de la RFE, sur les problèmes à résoudre à chacune de ces étapes, ainsi que sur les principaux acteurs concernés. La façon dont les donneurs peuvent soutenir les processus de RFE y est également décrite. La suite du document examine les enjeux de la RFE dans le contexte de certains secteurs économiques particulièrement importants pour les pays en développement : exploitation des forêts, pêche, combustibles fossiles, électricité, eau potable et lutte contre la pollution industrielle.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789264034839
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (14 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The OECD's Project on Harmful Tax Practices; The 2001 Progress Report
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The OECD's Project on Harmful Tax Practices: The 2001 Progress Report
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Ce rapport décrit les progrès réalisés dans l’identification des pratiques fiscales dommageables, à l’intérieur et en dehors de la zone de l’OCDE, ainsi que dans la lutte contre ces pratiques. Il rend compte des travaux effectués au sujet des paradis fiscaux et examine également les travaux concernant les pays Membres et les économies non membres. Il fait suite au rapport de juin 2000 et répond au mandat ministériel de 1998 en vue de lutter contre la concurrence fiscale dommageable (rapport de 1998). Dans l’établissement de ce rapport, l’OCDE s’efforce de mettre en place un cadre à l’intérieur duquel tous les pays - grands et petits, riches et pauvres, membres et non membres de l’OCDE - puissent coopérer d’une manière constructive pour mettre fin aux pratiques fiscales dommageables concernant les activités très mobiles, notamment dans le domaine financier et dans celui des services. L’OCDE s’efforce de favoriser la mise en place d’un environnement dans lequel puisse s’instaurer une concurrence fiscale libre et équitable afin d’aider à la réalisation de ses objectifs globaux, qui consistent à favoriser la croissance économique et le développement au niveau mondial.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264284524
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Attribution of Profits to Permanent Establishments
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Actuellement il y a une absence de consensus entre les pays membres de l'OCDE concernant la méthode d'attribution des bénéfices à un établissement stable (ES). Afin de remédier à cette situation, une première étape a consisté en l'élaboration d'une hypothèse de travail sur la meilleure méthode d'attribuer des bénéfices à un ES. La base de l'hypothèse de travail est de considérer dans quelle mesure on peut adopter l'approche consistant à considérer un établissement stable comme une entreprise distincte fictive et comment les indications données dans les Principes de l'OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert pourraient s'appliquer, par analogie, pour l'attribution de bénéfices à un ES. Ce rapport de référence contient les résultats du test de l'application de l'hypothèse de travail aux ES en général (partie I) et aux ES des banques (partie II). Les commentaires du public sont sollicités afin d'aider à élaborer un consensus à l'OCDE sur l'attribution des bénéfices à un ES.
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