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  • 2010-2014  (36)
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development  (36)
  • European Union
  • Trade  (22)
  • Urban, Rural and Regional Development  (15)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9789264097629
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD territorial reviews
    Keywords: Wirtschaftslage ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik ; Nordeuropa ; Färöer ; Grönland ; Island ; Norwegen ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Faroe Islands ; Greenland ; Iceland ; Färöer ; Grönland ; Island ; Norwegen ; Regionalentwicklung ; Wirtschaftliche Lage
    Abstract: The North Atlantic (NORA) region is a transnational area comprising the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Iceland, and the coastal counties of Norway. These territories are linked by shared characteristics and challenges, as well as by historical, institutional and cultural links. Improving accessibility to the region, ensuring sustainable development of its fisheries, enlarging and diversifying its economic base, and meeting the challenges of climate change are key issues. Strengthened regional co-operation can help these territories address them by exchanging know-how and best practices, pooling resources and reaching economies of scale, improving the efficiency of public sector provision, and increasing the “voice” of the region. However, transnational co-operation in the NORA region faces some barriers, as it involves territories that compete in their main economic activities, are separated by large distances, and have strong institutional and economic links with other countries and regions. In order to get the most from transnational co-operation, this report recommends that the NORA territories: focus co-operation efforts on targeted themes and issues; draw up a regional development strategy; promote greater awareness of the benefits of co-operation; develop a “variable geometry” approach to regional co-operation; and enlarge and refine the role of the NORA institution as a facilitator of co-operation.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789264111745
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Smart rules for fair trade
    DDC: 382/.63
    Keywords: 1961-2011 ; Exportkredit ; OECD-Staaten ; Trade ; Aufsatzsammlung ; OECD ; Exportkredit
    Abstract: On the 50th anniversary of the OECD, we examine the unique work the organisation performs in regulating and rationalising governments’ use of export credits in support of exports, jobs, economic growth and national interests more broadly. This work is part of a global post war effort to emphasise multilateral co operation and sound economic policies to promote co operation, efficiency and prosperity rather than destructive competition, controversy and conflict. OECD export credits work is one of the basic building blocks of the ever growing structure of global trade agreements that aim to maintain open and efficient markets. The objective is to eliminate subsidies and unfair practices in the economic competition that forms the foundation of a healthy and dynamic global economy. The elimination of official financing subsidies in global trade is only a part of the broader trade policy agenda, but it is a vital part, and has been delegated to the OECD by the WTO. Since financing is the life blood of trade flows, specialised OECD housed work allows trade to flow efficiently for aircraft and other capital goods while other trade policy work and litigation continue at the WTO. The export credits work at the OECD is described in this collection of essays. However it is about much more than the series of agreements described herein. It is more fundamentally about the governments and their people - policy makers and experts - who gather at the OECD to build collectively a system of export credits disciplines that is fair, transparent, adaptable and effective. It is therefore as much about people and ideas as anything else. The export credit secretariat pictured above represents only the latest in a long line of OECD staff committed to facilitate and advise this work. The OECD’s motto on its 50th anniversary is “Better Policies for Better Lives.” This reminds us that in the end, it is policies that are at the centre of human well being. And export credits work is about promoting these better policies by developing “smart rules” that open markets and maintain a level playing field and by bringing people and governments together to this end.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264096868
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Switzerland 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE; Suisse, 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Switzerland 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE: Suisse, 2011
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Switzerland
    Abstract: BLURB - GERMAN Die Regionen in der Schweiz erzielen in vielen Hinsichten gute Ergebnisse. Sie verbuchen ein hohes BIP pro Einwohner, die Arbeitslosigkeit ist niedrig, und manche Regionen verzeichnen ein beeindruckendes Wirtschaftswachstum. Auβerdem steht die Schweiz nicht vor Herausforderungen, mit denen viele ähnliche Regionen in der OECD konfrontiert wurden, wie mangelnder Zugang zu Dienstleistungen oder Bevölkerungsrückgang durch Überalterung oder Abwanderung. Nur die Förderung der Arbeitsproduktivität stellt weiterhin ein Problem dar, mit dessen Lösung die Regionalpolitik sich befassen muss. Zur Verbesserung der regionalen Wirtschaftsleistung wurde 2008, im Anschluss an den OECD-Prüfbericht 2002, die neue Schweizer Regionalpolitik (NRP) eingeführt. Die NRP stellt einen klaren Paradigmenwechsel dar, da sie sich nicht mehr auf den Bau von Infrastrukturen und die Gewährung von Finanzhilfen konzentriert, sondern die Wirtschaftsförderung zur gezielten Mehrwertschöpfung in den Regionen in den Mittelpunkt stellt. Dieser Bericht enthält Empfehlungen, wie das Ergebnis der NRP durch die Ausweitung des Wirkungsbereichs auf das gesamte Land, engere interkantonale Zusammenarbeit und besser koordinierte Sektoralpolitiken optimiert werden kann. Ferner befasst der Bericht sich mit der regionalen Innovationsförderung. In diesem Rahmen wird empfohlen, die Aufgaben der einzelnen Staatsebenen klarer zu definieren, Forschung und Technologietransfer auf Landesebene vom Bund finanzieren zu lassen und die Kantone mit der Innovationsförderung in den Funktionalräumen zu beauftragen. Der OECD-Prüfbericht Raumentwicklung Schweiz 2011 ist in das breiter gefasste Raumentwicklungsprogramm des OECD Territorial Development Policy Committee eingebettet. Ziel der Prüfberichte ist es, den Behörden der einzelnen Staaten praxisbezogene Ratschläge für die Raumentwicklung zu geben. Zu den bereits geprüften Ländern zählen Chile, Finnland, Frankreich, Italien, Japan, Kanada, Korea, Luxemburg, Mexiko, Norwegen, Polen, Portugal, Schweden und die Schweiz, die Tschechische Republik und Ungarn. Leseempfehlung OECD-Prüfbericht Raumentwicklung Schweiz (2002)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Concepcion : Bio Bio Regional Agency for Innovation and Productive Development, Chile
    ISBN: 9789264075900
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Higher Education in Regional and City Development; Bío Bío Region, Chile 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Higher Education in Regional and City Development: Bío Bío Region, Chile 2010
    Keywords: Education ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Chile
    Abstract: The Bío Bío Region has pioneered regional development in Chile. It has a high concentration of higher education and research activity. Its universities and other higher education institutions have made significant progress in widening access to education. But challenges remain: the Bío Bío Region continues to suffer from brain drain as well as higher than average unemployment and poverty rates. How can the Bío Bío Region promote new business formation and the development of the existing small and medium-sized companies? What incentives are needed to improve higher education institutions’ regional and local orientation? How can higher education institutions move from knowledge generation towards knowledge transfer? This joint OECD and World Bank review explores a range of helpful policy measures and institutional reforms to mobilise higher education for the development of the Bío Bío Region. It is part of the series of the OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. These reviews help mobilise higher education institutions for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts upon regional and local development and bring together universities, other higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and to work towards them.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9788831707343
    Language: Italian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Venice, Italy 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Venice, Italy 2010
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Italy
    Abstract: Questo rapporto su Venezia offre una valutazione complessiva dell’economia della città-regione e di quanto l’utilizzo del territorio, il mercato del lavoro e le politiche ambientali siano inseriti in una visione metropolitana. A guidare questa ricerca una nuova immagine delle province di Padova, Venezia e Treviso considerate come un’unica città-regione interconnessa di 2,6 milioni di abitanti. Venezia, con i suoi elevati livelli occupazionali e di crescita, si situa tra le aree urbane più dinamiche e produttive all’interno dell’ocse. Sviluppatasi sul modello delle piccole imprese e dei distretti industriali, sta ora affrontando una profonda trasformazione economica. Lo storico nucleo urbano di Venezia, erede di secoli di sviluppo economico costruito sui mari, vede ogni giorno accentuarsi l’esplosione nella terra ferma circostante di una struttura spaziale assai articolata capace di integrare in una unica area urbana altre antiche presenze come Padova e Treviso e la consistente rete di città minori. Il modello della city-region assunto dall’ocse per Venezia (uno spazio urbano entro cui si muove quotidianamente la gran parte dei lavoratori e degli studenti per la maggior parte dei giorni dell’anno) deve confrontarsi con sfide ambientali sempre più impegnative, conseguenza dell’aumento del traffico e dei crescenti costi infrastrutturali esacerbati dai fenomeni di dispersione urbana. Anche la sua struttura demografica sta mutando in seguito all’invecchiamento della popolazione, alla presenza di immigrati e al progressivo spopolamento del centro storico della città. Questo rapporto offre un’analisi comparativa di questi temi e, utilizzando il database metropolitano ocse, si concentra nello specifico su produttività e crescita; considerando l’economia regionale, la pianificazione urbana, gli studi sul sistema dei trasporti e i problemi idrologici evidenzia i cambiamenti all’interno della città-regione. Alla luce del programmato sviluppo delle connessioni ferroviarie tra le città, questo studio richiama l’esigenza di programmi atti ad aumentare le sinergie economiche tra Venezia e le città vicine; prende in esame strumenti chiave per promuovere la crescita economica e la governance metropolitana, proponendo inoltre un migliore coordinamento delle politiche riguardanti l’uso del territorio, dei servizi aggiuntivi per lo sviluppo delle piccole e medie imprese e del potenziamento dell’innovazione legata alle università. Il rapporto valuta la qualità della governance delle acque e la potenzialità che Venezia ha di diventare un punto di riferimento essenziale in relazione alle strategie di adattamento al cambiamento climatico. La “Territorial Review” di Venezia è parte di una serie di studi tematici sulle regioni metropolitane, condotti dal Territorial Development Policy Committee dell’ocse. L’obiettivo generale di questi studi è di delineare e diffondere presso i governi nazionali raccomandazioni riguardo alle politiche orizzontali da adottare.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789264098978
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trade for growth and poverty reduction
    Keywords: Wirtschaftswachstum ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Armut ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungsländer ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Fairer Handel ; Außenhandelspolitik ; Entwicklungsmodell ; Weltmarkt ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Armut ; Bekämpfung ; Development ; Trade ; Entwicklungsländer ; Weltwirtschaft ; Entwicklungsländer ; Armut ; Reduktion
    Abstract: Trade promotes economic growth, alleviates poverty and helps countries reach their development goals. However, developing countries – in particular the least developed – face difficulties in making trade happen and turning trade into economic growth. The Aid for Trade Initiative – launched at the 2005 World Trade Organisation conference in Hong Kong – aims at helping these countries to take advantage of trade opportunities and to reap the benefits of their integration into the world economy. The Initiative has been a success: it has not only raised awareness among both donors and developing countries about the role of trade in development, but also helped secure increased resources. Trade for Growth and Poverty Reduction: How Aid for Trade Can Help explains how Aid for Trade can foster economic growth and reduce poverty, and why it is an important instrument for a development strategy that actively supports poverty alleviation. Unlocking this potential requires carefully designed and sequenced trade reforms. While developing countries have many trade-related needs, but financial resources and political capital for reforms are limited, it is an important priority to tackle the most binding constraints to trade expansion. This report describes the diagnostic tools available, evaluates their strengths and weaknesses, and suggests a dynamic framework to guide the sequencing of reform and donor support.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9788691513702
    Language: Serbian
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de l'OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert à l'intention des entreprises multinationales et des administrations fiscales 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Verrechnungspreisleitlinien für multinationale Unternehmen und Steuerverwaltungen 2010
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Trade ; Industry and Services
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789264094444
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD rural policy reviews
    Keywords: Entwicklungsplanung ; England ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Regionalplanung ; Ländliche Entwicklung
    Abstract: Rural England plays a significant role in the economy of the United Kingdom, but an even larger social and cultural role. And it is unique among OECD regions, in that it is geographically compact, with rural inhabitants generally no more than a half hour’s drive from an urban area. There is thus a vast amount of interaction between rural and urban populations in England. England’s rural population is, on average, doing better than the urban population across a broad range of socio-economic indicators. Nevertheless, rural England is also struggling with pockets of poverty and social exclusion, difficulties in maintaining access to high quality public services, an ageing population, and, most importantly, a widespread shortage of affordable housing. The government has adopted mainstreaming as its rural policy strategy. The objective of mainstreaming is to ensure that people in rural England have access to the same policies and programmes as those available in urban England. While mainstreaming is an attractive policy approach, especially in a country with strong rural-urban interactions such as England, it has proved challenging to implement for different reasons. This report examines the mainstreaming policy response as applied to rural England and suggests ways to increase its effectiveness. The report will interest academics and policy makers alike as it includes a discussion on governance structures and decentralisation; delivering public services; economic development; and the importance of improving connectivity in the context of rural areas. While the focus is on rural England, other OECD member countries will also benefit from the insights provided.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789264097377
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (137 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of regional innovation
    DDC: 338/.06409466
    Keywords: Regionalpolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Baskenland ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Spain ; Baskenland ; Innovationsförderung ; Regionalpolitik
    Abstract: The Basque Country region in Spain is world renowned for a successful industrial transformation, the urban regeneration of Bilbao, cultural distinctiveness, unique governance arrangements and high wealth levels. Over the last 30 years, the region has implemented its science, technology and innovation (STI) policy driven by a need to boost industrial competitiveness. The role of total factor productivity and innovation in driving growth was significant in the 1990s and declined in the early part of this decade, but appears to be on the rise again thanks in part to significant increases in public and private investment in innovation. The Basque Country has begun a transition from a model of incremental innovation in manufacturing to a model increasingly based on science and other forms of knowledge. Through a diagnostic of the innovation system and the policy mix, the review offers some policy and governance recommendations to achieve the region’s desired transition in light of global trends in the innovation process and innovation policy.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 3, p. 167-205
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 3, p. 167-205
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The Inter-American Development Bank and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development co-operate in competition law and policy to promote increased economic growth, employment and economic efficiency and a higher average standard of living in the medium to long term. There is increasing consensus that sound competition law and policy are essential to achieving these goals. “Peer review” is a core element of OECD work. The mechanisms of peer review vary, but it is founded upon the willingness of all OECD countries and their partners to submit their laws and policies to substantive questioning by other members. This process provides valuable insights to the reviewed country and promotes transparency and mutual understanding for the benefit of all. The benefits of this process are particularly clear in the area of competition law and policy. As a result of the activities of the Competition Committee, OECD countries that once had real conflicts on competition issues have become partners in seeking to halt harmful international anticompetitive practices. The Committee has also become an important forum for assessing and demonstrating the usefulness of applying competition policy principles to economic and other regulatory systems. IDB/OECD co-operation in competition law and policy centers on annual meetings of the Latin American Competition Forum. LACF meetings include substantive roundtable discussions and peer reviews of national laws and institutions. The peer reviews have examined Brazil, Chile, Peru and now Argentina. The IDB is pleased to participate and finance this work, as part of its efforts to promote a better business climate for investment in the counties of Latin America and the Caribbean. We want to thank the Government of Argentina for volunteering to be peer reviewed at the fourth LACF meeting, held in San Salvador, El Salvador, on 11-12 July, 2006. It was encouraging to hear Argentina’s Delegation confirm at the meeting that the report’s recommendations were helpful and to hear from Delegates of other countries that this review has improved their understanding of Argentina’s competition law and policy. Finally, we want to thank Mr. John Clark, the author of the report, and the many competition officials whose written and oral contributions to the Forum have been so important to its success.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 107-151
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 107-151
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: Plea agreements or negotiated settlements can be an efficient way to formally dispose of cartel cases.They can provide substantial benefits to competition authorities by allowing them to allocate their resources more efficiently and to increase enforcement activities, thus achieving greater deterrence. Plea agreements have substantial benefits for defendants as well.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 3, p. 101-165
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 65 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 3, p. 101-165
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The Competition Committee debated retail banking in October 2006. Competition can improve the functioning of the retail banking sector without harming prudential regulation. The efficient functioning of the sector is important for economic performance. The sector is considered special primarily because of externalities related to potential “contagion” effects stemming from (i) the withdrawal-upondemand characteristic of some bank deposits and (ii) the role banks play in the payment system, and (iii) the fact that banks are important for the funding of consumers and SMEs. Customer mobility and choice is essential to simulate retail-banking competition. An important observation is that the degree of customer mobility is low and the longevity of customer-bank relationships is long. Financial information sharing platforms should therefore be promoted and, where limited by privacy laws, privacy laws should be modified in a way that maintains the goal of protecting privacy while also allowing consumers to receive the benefits of credit ratings.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 153-222
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 70 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 153-222
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade ; Ukraine
    Abstract: This report* was the basis of a two hour and a half peer review in the OECD Global Forum on Competition (GFC) on 21 February 2008. It assesses the development and application of competition law and policy in Ukraine, focusing on activities over the previous five years (2003-07). The report concludes that Ukraine has a comprehensive and well-designed competition law and, in the AMC, an effectively managed and well-regarded agency to enforce it. The report also identifies an array of problems confronting Ukraine in the competition law arena, and makes various remedial proposals, including recommendations dealing with the AMC’s budget allocation, autonomy, investigative tools, transparency, enforcement priorities, and relationships with other law enforcement agencies. Additional recommendations in the report focus on the competition law’s merger notification requirements and procedures, state aid legislation, penalties for unlawful conduct and penalty collection procedures, competition advocacy, harmonization with the European Union’s competition laws, and the elimination of conflicting provisions in Ukraine’s Commercial Code.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 3, p. 7-99
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 93 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 3, p. 7-99
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated competition and efficient usage of payment cards in June 2006. In recent years, debit and credit cards have become increasingly common as retail payment mechanisms and have increasingly displaced checks and cash. The roundtable discussed potential market power and pricesetting abuses related to payment cards, reviewed the regulatory (or self-regulatory) mechanisms that sometimes govern the operation of card networks and considered methods for increasing the role of competitive forces among payment cards. A market failure exists because costs for different payment mechanisms are rarely reflected in consumer prices. Consideration should be given to permitting merchants to form payment ventures, as this would promote system competition between owners with different incentives, and to promoting entry by potential new technologies that would not involve existing payment networks. Many other policy options are discussed.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 7-105
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 99 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 7-105
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated private remedies in June 2006. The roundtable focused on class actions/collective actions and the interface between private enforcement and public enforcement: • Class Actions/Collective Actions: There is a strong case for the use fo class actions/collective actions to raise levels of deterrence and achieve greater compliance with competition laws, as theses actions may be the only practical way to ensure that customers with small claims also have their day in court. • Interface between Public and Private Enforcement: There is a widely shared concern that private litigation in competition cases can interfere with leniency programs in cartel cases. There is a trade-off between enabling the victims of a cartel to recover damages and incentives for cartel members to come forward, and no-one really knows with certainty how much protection from private litigation and damage awards is necessary so as not to deter leniency applicants. The prevailing view is that the integrity of leniency programs should be protected by a range of measures that limit a leniency applicant’s exposure to civil damages, but some delegates felt that the current trend provided unnecessary protection to leniency applicants to the detriment of private plaintiffs.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789264110984
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Job-rich growth in Asia
    Keywords: Wirtschaftswachstum ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Asien ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Asien ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Wirtschaftliche Lage
    Abstract: Jobs-rich Growth in Asia discusses some of the most pressing issues that countries in Southeast Asia are facing in regard to boosting local employment and skills development while advancing social protection strategies in emerging, fast-growing labour markets. A joint OECD/ILO initiative, this book analyses local approaches in Asia to modernise labour markets and skills strategies and shows how local recovery is taking place through a combination of policy measures on employment creation, skills development and social protection.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264091375
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cities and climate change
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Stadt ; Kommunalpolitik ; Kommunalverwaltung ; OECD-Staaten ; Klima ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Klima ; Klimakatastrophe ; Klimaveränderung ; Klimawandel ; Stadt ; Klimaänderung
    Abstract: As the hubs of economic activity, cities drive the vast majority of the world’s energy use and are major contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions. Because they are home to major infrastructure and highly concentrated populations, cities are also vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, such as rising sea levels, warmer temperatures and fiercer storms. At the same time, better urban planning and policies can reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions and improve the resilience of urban infrastructure to climate change, thus shaping future trends. This book shows how city and metropolitan regional governments working in tandem with national governments can change the way we think about responding to climate change. The chapters analyse: trends in urbanisation, economic growth, energy use and climate change; the economic benefits of climate action; the role of urban policies in reducing energy demand, improving resilience to climate change and complementing global climate policies; frameworks for multilevel governance of climate change including engagement with relevant stakeholders; and the contribution of cities to “green growth”, including the “greening” of fiscal policies, innovation and jobs. The book also explores policy tools and best practices from both OECD and some non-member countries. Cities and Climate Change reveals the importance of addressing climate change across all levels of government. Local involvement through “climate-conscious” urban planning and management can help achieve national climate goals and minimise tradeoffs between environmental and economic priorities at local levels. The book will be relevant to policy makers, researchers, and others with an interest in learning more about urbanisation and climate change policy.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264088931
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Higher Education in Regional and City Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Educación Superior en el Desarrollo Regional y Urbano; La Región del Bío-Bío, Chile 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Educación Superior en el Desarrollo Regional y Urbano: La Región del Bío-Bío, Chile 2010
    Keywords: Education ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Chile
    Abstract: The Bío Bío Region has pioneered regional development in Chile. It has a high concentration of higher education and research activity. Its universities and other higher education institutions have made significant progress in widening access to education. But challenges remain: the Bío Bío Region continues to suffer from brain drain as well as higher than average unemployment and poverty rates. How can the Bío Bío Region promote new business formation and the development of the existing small and medium-sized companies? What incentives are needed to improve higher education institutions’ regional and local orientation? How can higher education institutions move from knowledge generation towards knowledge transfer? This joint OECD and World Bank review explores a range of helpful policy measures and institutional reforms to mobilise higher education for the development of the Bío Bío Region. It is part of the series of the OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. These reviews help mobilise higher education institutions for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts upon regional and local development and bring together universities, other higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and to work towards them.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264089846
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (191 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Higher Education in Regional and City Development
    Keywords: Education ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Germany
    Abstract: Berlin is a creative city attracting talent from around the world. The Berlin Senate has made great strides in developing innovation as a pillar of its economy. But challenges remain: there is long-term unemployment, a low absorptive capacity in small and medium-sized enterprises and a large migrant population that lags behind in educational and labour market outcomes. How can Berlin’s higher education institutions capitalise on their long tradition of professionally relevant learning and research to transform social, economic and environmental challenges into assets and opportunities? What incentives are needed to improve higher education institutions´ regional and local orientation? This publication explores a range of helpful policy measures and institutional reforms to mobilise higher education for Berlin’s development. It is part of the series of the OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. These reviews help mobilise higher education institutions for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts upon regional and local development and bring together universities, other higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and to work towards them.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264084544
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Trans-border Urban Co-operation in the Pan Yellow Sea Region, 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Trans-border Urban Co-operation in the Pan Yellow Sea Region, 2009
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: 환황해권은 중국 북부 해안지역(환발해만), 한국의 남해안과 서해안 지역, 일본 서남 해안지역(규슈)을 포괄한다. 1990년대 초반에 중국이 개방된 이후, 환황해권은 광범위한 제조·운송네트워크를기반으로동아시아에서가장급속도로경제성장을이룩하고있는지역이다 중국의다롄 칭다오 톈진과한국의부산 인천 그리고일본의후쿠오카 기타큐슈가이지역의발전을주도하고있다 그러나환황해권은보유한자산과성장잠재력을충분히활용하지못하고있다 지역내과도한경쟁과미흡한거버넌스시스템구축으로인하여경제통합은큰진전을보이지못하고있다 이지역의운송체제 특히컨테이너운송시장이통합되기위해서는구조적변화가필요하다 사회적·문화적네트워크강화도여전히풀어나가야할과제로남아있고 환경문제역시중요한의제로점차대두되고있다 본보고서는이러한요인들을분석하고 환황해권의경쟁력과통합향상을위한다양한정책을평가한다 본보고서는특히1990년대이후지역정책의핵심의제로떠오르고있는환황해권의초국경적거버넌스체계를검토한다 지역당국간화합은경제성장을도모하고역내다양한문제를해결하기위한전제조건이된다 유럽의OECD 회원국간초국경적협력과북미국가간초국경적협력에대한비교분석도부록에기술되어있다 본보고서는초국경적개발혹은아시아경제개발을목적으로활동하는정책입안자 연구원 비정부기구의관심을충족시켜줄것이다 환황해권내초국경적도시간협력에관한지역정책보고서는OECD 지역개발정책위원회(Territorial Development Policy Committee)가담당하는국가지역정책보고서프로그램의일부이다 지역정책보고서시리즈는국가중앙정부에실질적인정책조언을제공하는일을목적으로한다 과거초국경적협력사례연구로는외레순덴마크스웨덴 지역과비엔나브라티슬라바오스트리아슬로바키아가있다.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789264082151
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques rurales; Québec, Canada 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques rurales: Québec, Canada 2010
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Québec, Canada
    Keywords: Entwicklungsplanung ; Quebec (Provinz) ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Canada ; Québec ; Ländliche Entwicklung
    Abstract: OECD's review of rural policy in Quebec. It finds that in rural Québec, both population and personal income are growing, on average, and the province’s economic base continues to diversify. Land occupancy is more homogenous than in the rest of Canada, due to the presence of denser networks of small and medium-sized communities. However, mirroring the situation at the national level, the province displays large regional disparities. The sustainability of some rural communities, especially if remote and resource-based, is challenged by demographic and economic decline. In this context, Québec has developed one of the most advanced rural policy approaches in the OECD, closely in line with the framework suggested in the OECD’s New Rural Paradigm. The province’s rural policy does not have a sectoral focus, and aims at community empowerment and land occupancy. To maximize returns on its rural policy investments, Québec needs to integrate social development more strongly with economic and entrepreneurial development, and further strengthen the supra-local level of government as the centre for rural and territorial development strategies. This should be combined with stabilisation measures in lagging areas, through the accumulation of human capital and enhanced access to land in predominantly rural territories. To address environmental challenges, natural resources should be protected both in the outskirts of metropolitan zones and in remote areas.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264082052
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Catalonia, Spain
    RVK:
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Katalonien ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Spain ; Katalonien ; Innovationsförderung
    Abstract: This review of regional innovation assesses how to improve Catalonia's current strategy and actions in order to boost its innovation system through both its own programmes and those of Spain and the European Union. It finds that with over seven million inhabitants and a GDP of around EUR 204 billion, Catalonia is not only an important region within Spain, but within the OECD as well. Indeed, its economic output is similar to countries like Portugal and Norway. The region experienced massive population growth over the past decade, due to immigration, which in part drove GDP growth. However, Catalonia’s productivity is slipping, relative to other OECD regions, necessitating the transition to a productivity-driven growth model through a stronger regional innovation system. The region has successfully strengthened its research base, with investments in R&D having increased four-fold over the past decade. Catalonia is now mobilising actors across the innovation system in regional centres, such as Barcelona, to improve productivity and address social challenges.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789264087088
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cross-border Tertiary Education; A Way towards Capacity Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'enseignement supérieur transnational ; Un levier pour le développement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cross-border Tertiary Education: A Way towards Capacity Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'enseignement supérieur transnational : Un levier pour le développement
    Keywords: Education ; Trade
    Abstract: La educación superior transfronteriza está emergiendo para convertirse en un fenómeno fascinante pero muy complejo. La movilidad de estudiantes, de profesores, de conocimiento e incluso valores ha sido por siglos parte de la educación superior, pero esta ha crecido a un ritmo sin precedentes. Durante las últimas dos décadas se ha visto un crecimiento significativo de movilidad en los programas y proveedores de educación superior mediante modos presenciales y virtuales de entrega. Esto presenta muchas nuevas oportunidades entre las que están mayor acceso a la educación superior, alianzas estratégicas entre países y regiones, además de la expansión del recurso humano y la capacidad institucional. De forma paralela existe un número igual de retos: un incremento potencial de proveedores de baja o dudosa calidad, la falta de reconocimiento de las cualificaciones extranjeras por parte de los empleadores o instituciones de educación locales, junto al elitismo y las tensiones que este crea. En muchos casos, estas tendencias nuevas propician que los países reconsideren diferentes aspectos de su política educativa, en particular el marco normativo para el aseguramiento de la calidad y de la educación superior privada.El propósito del libro es generar nueva información sobre los retos y oportunidades que se presentan especialmente en los países en desarrollo para aprovechar la educación superior transfronteriza como una herramienta para el desarrollo. Esta obra analiza el concepto desarrollo de competencias mediante la educación transfronteriza, con énfasis el papel crucial del aseguramiento de la calidad y las negociaciones comerciales. Este volumen es de especial interés tanto para diseñadores de política educativa como para los incontables interesados en la educación superior de los países en desarrollo.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264087255
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (384 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Regional development policies in OECD countries
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regionalpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Regionalpolitik
    Abstract: Policy makers need both a handy reference guide to the regional policies of their own and other countries and a broader analysis of trends in regional policies, based on sound, comparable information. Regional Policies in OECD Countries responds to this need. It is the first systematic, comparative analysis of OECD countries’ regional policies. The report addresses fundamental regional policy concerns, such as: problem recognition; the objectives of regional policy; the legal/institutional framework; the urban/rural framework; budget structures; and the governance mechanisms linking national and sub-national governments as well as sectors. It begins with an overview of the regional policy today. This is followed by country profiles covering the 31 OECD members. The profiles share a common conceptual framework, allowing countries to see how their experiences measure up. The report also contains several annexes, which cover some of the countries that are candidates for accession to the OECD or with which the OECD has enhanced engagement. The annexes also cover the key topics of cross-border cooperation and trends in urban-rural linkages, especially efforts to control urban sprawl. The report will help countries to better understand regional policies and to formulate and diffuse horizontal policy recommendations. The analysis suggests an important role for regional policies in shaping sustainable endogenous development, in particular well-developed governance mechanisms to better respond to the different opportunities and demands of regions and to improve policy efficiency. This report is a unique source of regional policy information and of special interest to policy makers, researchers, and others engaging with regional development.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264081918
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (230 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als SMEs and entrepreneurship Poland 2010
    Keywords: 2010 ; KMU ; Entrepreneurship ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Polen ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Poland
    Abstract: The rapid growth of entrepreneurship and small firms has been one of the greatest successes in post-Communist transformation in Poland. SMEs have greatly contributed to employment, investment and value added in the Polish economy. However, key barriers to further growth remain in the business environment for SMEs and entrepreneurs. This book sets out the current SME and entrepreneurship climate, reviews SME and entrepreneurship issues and policies at national and local levels, and provides observations and recommendations for improving and supporting entrepreneurship and SMEs in Poland.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264088436
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trade and economic effects of responses to the economic crisis
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finanzkrise ; Wirtschaftskrise ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Welt ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Welthandel ; Handelsvolumen ; Wirtschaftskrise ; Geschichte 2009
    Abstract: The dramatic collapse in world trade in 2009 is, this report shows, mainly due to: the drop in demand for highly traded products; the drying up of trade finance; and the vertically integrated nature of global supply chains. Contrary to expectations, protectionist measures were relatively muted and did not play a significant part. In fact, because of their sheer size, stimulus measures may have had more impact on trade than direct trade policy measures Nevertheless, dollar for dollar, direct trade restricting measures have the most strongly negative impacts on growth and employment: a one dollar increase in tariff revenues results in a USD 2.16 drop in world exports and a USD 0.73 drop in world income. The analyses presented here suggest that exit strategies from measures to deal with the crisis will be most effective in boosting growth and jobs if they first roll back measures that discriminate between domestic and foreign firms and those that target specific sectors. General demand stimulus measures and active labour market policies are preferable under current conditions.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 1, p. 7-90
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 82 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 1, p. 7-90
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated energy security and competition policy in February 2007. This roundtable examined the links between competition policy and energy security, with a focus on natural gas. The discussion began by addressing the questions of the meaning and importance of energy security; and the determinants of energy security, particularly as they relate to competition policy. It continued in dealing with gas supply, transportation, and distribution, addressing five aspects that relate to different aspects of energy security: (1) the role of substitutes for natural gas in fostering competitive gas supply; the role of regulation in promoting or inhibiting infrastructure investment; (2) how to promote an adequate level of infrastructure investment; (3) the role of unbundling in fostering competition and promoting energy security; (4) the role of storage capacity in system efficiency and buyer bargaining position; (5) and the determinants of entry into merchant sales of natural gas.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 127-165
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 127-165
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade ; Chinese Taipei
    Abstract: This report, prepared by the Secretariat of the OECD was the basis for a peer review examination of Chinese Taipei at the OECD’s Global Forum on Competition on 9 February, 2006. Competition law in Chinese Taipei has been an important element of the program of economic reforms that moved the economy from centrally directed emphasis on manufacturing and exports to a market-driven emphasis on services and high technology. The competition law follows mainstream practice about restrictive agreements, monopolies and anticompetitive mergers, with a particularly clear statutory basis for concentrating enforcement attention on horizontal collusion. The rules about market deception and unfair practices connect the competition law to consumer interests. There is a risk, though, that rules based on a cultural tradition of fairness might lead to interventions to correct differences in bargaining power, which could dampen competition rather than promote it. The competition enforcement agency, the Fair Trade Commission (FTC), is now a stable, experienced administrative agency. It followed an appropriate sequence in introducing competition policy, emphasising transparency and guidance to encourage compliance before undertaking stronger enforcement measures. General reforms are in process that would clarify the independence of the FTC. To improve enforcement against hard-core cartels, a leniency programme should be adopted, and the special treatment for agreements among small businesses should be limited. Some other aspects of the enforcement tool-kit should be revised, such as the cap on fines and the use of market share as a merger notification test. The most visible regulatory reforms to promote competition have been in telecoms, although an independent regulator for that sector is just now being set up. The government retains holdings in privatised firms that could have implications for market competition, so FTC vigilance about the risk of cross-subsidy or other distortion remains warranted.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 1, p. 91-131
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 1, p. 91-131
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated competition issues in vertical relations for gasoline retailing in October 2008. Gasoline retailing has changed dramatically over the last 25 years. While refiners often still have extensive networks of gasoline retailers, there is also a large independent sector in many countries; A study of the effects of entry by large general retailers finds benefits to consumers; There has been a vigorous debate about whether vertical separation between gasoline stations and upstream entities should be required. It appears that mandating vertical separation is linked with price increases to the ultimate consumers. On the other hand, mandated separation may promote the development of more independent stations. Policy makers often raise concerns about vertical integration in the supply of gasoline. These concerns should be moderated in markets with large independent segments. Even in markets with small independent segments, there are reasons to believe prices will be lower with vertical integration, as this eliminates a double mark-up.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 69-151
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 83 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 69-151
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated competition in bidding markets in October 2006. Competition authorities become interested in auctions by a number of routes. In competition advocacy, they may advise other parts of government on how to design auctions in order to improve their efficiency—the degree of competition. They may evaluate mergers and agreements between firms that operate in auction markets. And they may be concerned with collusion and abuse of a dominant position in auctions. Because their formal rules reduce “noise” and make communication among rivals easier, auctions can promote collusion, compared with ordinary “posted-price” markets. But an auction can be designed to reduce collusion or concerted practices or to promote participation. Thus, the design of an auction can be the object of lobbying pressure. Auctioneers can also behave strategically, choosing auction formats or practices that favour competition. Two fundamental prescriptions for effective auction design follow from the theoretical literature: Induce bidders to truthfully reveal their valuations by making what they pay not depend entirely on what they bid, and maximize the information available to each participant before he bids.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 75-125
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 75-125
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated improving competition in real estate transactions in February 2007. Real estate transactions are subject to a variety of potential limitation of competition that can have significant effects on ordinary consumers. In fact, because of the annual volume of transactions and the fact that real estate expenses (mortgage payments and rent) constitute a significant portion of spending out of available revenue to spend (often exceeding 25%), the impacts of anti-competitive action i this sector may have larger financial value than in most other sectors. Practices of real estate agents vary significantly across countries, but a common trend appears to be the introduction of listing services that may provide a platform for anti-competitive practices to spread, at the same time as the Internet potentially provides improved opportunities for real estate sellers to reach buyers directly. In many countries, the operation of transferring legal title to properties is subject to cartel-like prices. Competitive problems have also been identified in the mortgage markets, with cartel activity having been found in a least one case and a lack of non-bank sources of finance in some countries.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 153-171
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 153-171
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated issues related to the Construction Industry in June 2008. This roundtable addressed the special characteristics of the construction industry as they relate to competition law and policy. Construction is a critical sector in OECD economies because it builds and maintains the structures and infrastructure on which almost every other industry depends. Unfortunately, the construction industry has also tended to suffer from cartel activity, as shown by a spate of well - publicised recent matters from around the world. The roundtable includes an examination of why this industry seems to be more prone to cartel formation than other industries. It also looked into the complications that may arise when multiple construction firms use the same bid calculation software. Finally, the Committee discussed the arguments – occasionally made by industry advocates – that competition is either irrelevant or “ruinous” in the construction industry. Neither argument was found to be persuasive, as there are no distinguishing features of the construction sector that reduce the benefits that competition brings to consumer welfare.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 1, p. 133-176
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 1, p. 133-176
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The Global Forum of the OECD Competition Committee debated the Interface between Competition and Consumer Policies in February 2008. The two policies share a common goal: the enhancement of consumer welfare. In this way they are highly complementary. Applied properly, they reinforce one another; Aside from their different approaches to markets, however, there are other differences between competition and consumer policies. These differences present both opportunities and challenges. Applied consistently, each policy ill each make the other more effective, especially in situations of evolving markets. The challenge comes in coordinating them, and in ensuring that they do not work at cross purposes. Institutional design is an important factor in providing effective public policy. With the increasing recognition of the importance of integrating competition policy and consumer policy, there is debate about how to design the most effective institutions for that purpose. Housing the two functions in a single agency offers several advantages, including more centralised control, operational efficiencies and cross-fertilisation between the two disciplines. There could be disadvantages as well, however.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 11, no. 1, p. 177-230
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 11, no. 1, p. 177-230
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade ; Peru
    Abstract: The Competition Peer Review Report of Peru is the fourth one of a non-OECD country. South Africa and Russia were reviewed at meetings of the OECD Global Forum on Competition (GFC). Chile, and now Peru, were reviewed at meetings of the Latin American Competition Forum (LACF), organised by the OECD and the Inter- American Development Bank (IDB). All four reviews confirm that the peer review process is an extremely useful means of promoting co-operation and voluntary convergence among OECD and non-OECD economies, providing both transparency and a candid discussion of what constitutes “best practice” in different situations.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 7-73
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 7-73
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated competitive effects of land use restrictions in February 2008. Land use restrictions often serve valuable social purposes. The benefits of particular policies for land use must be balanced against the costs, though. The social harms that can arise when land use restrictions create “entry barriers” are rarely considered explicitly. Land use restrictions can raise the price and reduce supply of a broad range of real estate and, by preventing new and innovative stores from opening, reduce shopping options available to consumers. More careful integration of policy on land use restrictions with competition policy could benefit consumers and many entrepreneurs and reduce the likelihood that public or private restrictions will lead to supply scarcity. This roundtable examines competition problems affecting commercial construction and use permits, geographic density tests, adverse impact tests, access condition to rights of ay and private restrictions on land use. Steps are identified for improving public policies towards land use restrictions.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 7-67
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 61 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 10, no. 1, p. 7-67
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Trade
    Abstract: The OECD Competition Committee debated concessions in February 2006. Governments have long been engaged in providing goods or services to their citizens that could, in some form, be provided by the private sector. The trend over the past few decades, however, has been to transfer these functions, and the state-owned assets used to provide them, to private hands. The most common method, and the one usually preferred, is privatisation, or outright sale or transfer of ownership of the relevant assets to one or more private parties. Another method is concessions. Concessions are often viewed as a substitute for privatisation when the latter is not feasible for political or legal reasons. Concessions are not substitutes for regulation. Where there is a need for regulation, as in a situation of natural monopoly, a regulatory regime may be created along with the concession.
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