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  • 2000-2004  (4)
  • Whitehouse, Edward  (3)
  • European Conference of Ministers of Transport
  • Social Issues/Migration/Health  (4)
  • Agriculture and Food
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.9
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Pension systems are complex and comparing them across countries is therefore difficult. This paper adopts standard methodology to calculate prospective pension entitlements in nine countries. The modeling ncludes universal and resource-tested schemes, public and private earnings-related plans and mandatory efined contribution schemes. The results show gross pension benefits for workers on different levels of arnings and pension benefits net of tax. The paper also provides a detailed description of the parameters f the pension system. Retirement-income systems are about social protection, but this paper shows that countries interpret this oal very differently. Some focus on ensuring that pensioners have an adequate retirement income (in bsolute terms). Others base their systems on ensuring pensioners have an adequate income relative to their re-retirement income (or ‘replacement rate’). In Finland and the Netherlands, for example, mandatory ccupational pensions have no ceiling on ...
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.11
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Switzerland
    Abstract: In most OECD countries, the structure of the pension system does not give much potential for individual choice. The Swiss pension system is a particularly interesting case in this respect. Switzerland relies heavily on privately-managed, fully-funded pensions, which employers are obliged to provide. The employees have only a very limited range of individual choice within this system and there has been increasing political pressure to give members more control over their benefits. More choice would increase competition among funds, lead to higher returns on investment of pension funds, improve customer services and result in higher member satisfaction due to more tailored benefit packages. This paper examines the choices currently available to members of occupational pension schemes in Switzerland and how they are making use of these options. It goes on to consider which expansions in choice might be desirable and what obstacles may be in the way of such changes. A particular ...
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.8
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Most countries give income-tax concessions to older people relative to people of working age. Some treat pension income more favourably than earnings, and most do not levy social security contributions on older people. These policies mean that the direct tax burden of older people is lower than that carried by people of working age. At an income equivalent to economy-wide average earnings, for example, the average tax burden (in the nine countries studied) is ten percentage points lower for pensioners than it is for workers. Therefore differences in taxes between pensioners and workers are an important way in which governments support people during their retirement. This is measured by the effect on net replacement rates: the value of pension benefits for a full-career worker relative to earnings when in work. On average, one fifth of the net replacement rate for a worker on average earnings is due to tax differentials rather than the pension system. This paper provides the first ...
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789282122860
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.117
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Economic Evaluation of Road Traffic Safety Measures
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport ; Konferenzschrift 2000 ; Straßenverkehr ; Verkehrssicherheit ; Wirtschaftlichkeit ; Bewertung
    Abstract: L’appréciation économique des politiques de sécurité routière pose le problème des méthodes que l’on emploie pour valoriser les mesures. A cet égard, il est frappant de constater que l’on a le choix entre deux méthodes qui reviennent soit à bien mesurer un concept peu pertinent (le capital humain) soit à mesurer approximativement un paramètre précis (le consentement à payer). La Table Ronde a analysé la complémentarité non négligeable de ces deux méthodes et a souligné la nécessité d’établir des guides méthodologiques précis pour chacune d’entre elles. La quasi-égalité de la valeur humaine d’un mode de transport à l’autre est l’un des constats de la Table Ronde. Ceci devrait inciter les pouvoirs publics à se saisir de la sécurité avec le même souci d’efficacité quel que soit le mode de transport. Autre constat marquant : si l’on dépense suffisamment pour la sécurité routière, on ne sait pas en revanche dépenser « bien ». On peut ainsi affirmer que la Table Ronde est parvenue à des propositions iconoclastes. Par exemple, les difficultés à engendrer des inflexions majeures du comportement humain devraient conduire à accorder la plus grande attention aux mesures pédagogiques et aux investissements infrastructurels. Cette publication propose ainsi un bilan des politiques de sécurité routière et de leur évaluation en termes économiques. A l’heure où les pouvoirs publics de nombreux pays en viennent à fixer des objectifs encore plus ambitieux à leurs politiques, la Table Ronde a souligné qu’il s’agit d’adopter des mesures efficaces dans le long terme et économiquement valides.
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