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  • 2005-2009  (21)
  • 2005  (21)
  • European Conference of Ministers of Transport  (14)
  • Pain, Nigel  (7)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (21)
  • 1
    ISBN: 9789282103548
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (142 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Railway Reform and Charges for the Use of Infrastructure
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: D’importants progrès ont été réalisés ces dernières années dans l’élaboration de redevances ferroviaires au niveau national. Des redevances ont été mises en place pour assurer un accès non discriminatoire aux réseaux de chemin de fer et favoriser l’utilisation efficace de ces réseaux. Il y manque toutefois en Europe la dimension internationale, en particulier pour le marché du fret. L’intégration des marchés européens devrait ouvrir des perspectives de croissance très prometteuses au transport ferroviaire de marchandises.L’objet de ce rapport est de faire le point sur les moyens de surmonter les obstacles à cette croissance, lesquels découlent des disparités qui existent dans les redevances payées par les opérateurs pour utiliser les réseaux ferroviaires nationaux. Ce rapport recommande de mettre en œuvre un barème de redevances simples pour le transport de marchandises.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789282103449
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 629.25/3
    RVK:
    Keywords: Energy ; Transport
    Abstract: Studies show that cars use significantly more fuel per kilometre than suggested by official test ratings. This publication presents an analysis of the fuel efficiency gap and examines technologies available that could reduce that gap and improve fuel economy. It examines such areas as engine and transmission technologies, hybrid technologies, tyre inflation and technology, lubricants, and fuel-saving driver support devices. Together, these technologies could improve average on-road fuel economy by 10% or more at low or modest cost. Policies that could be used to encourage uptake of these technologies are also identified.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789282103524
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réforme ferroviaire et tarification de l'usage des infrastructures
    DDC: 385
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Over the last few years, much progress has been made in developing rail charges to ensure non-discriminatory access to, and efficient use of national rail networks. But in Europe the international dimension is still missing, particularly in terms of the freight market. Integration of European markets should provide great opportunities for rail freight transport to grow. This report shows how barriers to this growth – arising from differences in the way trains pay to use national networks – can be overcome. It recommends moving to a set of simple charges for freight that create similar incentives for the management and planning of train operations across national borders.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789282103425
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.126
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Airports as Multimodal Interchange Nodes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.:
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Airports as Multimodal Interchange Nodes
    Keywords: Transport ; Electronic books ; Europäische Union ; Flughafen ; Verkehrsknotenpunkt ; Luftfrachtverkehr ; Umschlag ; Hub-and-Spoke-System
    Abstract: Cette table ronde de la CEMT se compose de quatre articles : « Le marché européen du transport aérien et la multimodalité », « Le rôle des aéroports dans la chaîne de transport », « Systèmes aéroportuaires et connectivité », et « Les aéroports : des plaques tournantes multimodales – l’exemple de Heathrow, Londres ». Ces articles examinent comment les infrastructures de transport terrestre nécessaires pour que les aéroports offrent une connectivité multimodale efficace sont tributaires de la structure du marché du transport aérien et de son impact sur le réseau aéroportuaire.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282103333
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La sûreté du transport intermodal de conteneurs
    DDC: 387.5442
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: After the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, it became apparent that maritime shipping containers themselves and their links with other modes represent potential security vulnerabilities. This report describes the complex, hybrid container transport system and the variety of actors involved. It then identifies potential areas of security weakness and provides recommendations for inland transport and maritime authorities to improve container security.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 60 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.457
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper uses panel regressions to investigate the effects of innovation policies and framework factors on business R&D intensity and patenting for a sample of 20 OECD countries over the period 1982- 2001. Both sets of factors are found to matter; the main determinants of innovativeness appear to be the availability of scientists and engineers, research conducted in the public sector (including universities), business-academic links, the degree of product market competition, a high level of financial development and access to foreign inventions. The effect of direct public financial support for business R&D is generally positive but modest, though it may larger for cash-constrained firms. Intellectual property rights appear to increase patenting significantly, but have little impact on R&D spending. Finally, the paper takes a closer look at the labour market for researchers, estimating jointly equations for employment and wages. Although the supply of scientists and engineers is eventually responsive to wage differentials, both with other professions and across countries, the evidence suggests that it may difficult to raise significantly the real amount of domestic R&D in the short run because the supply of researchers is relatively inelastic.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 75-105
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 44 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Production Relocation and Exports of Services
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 75-105
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Ces vingt dernières années, les échanges internationaux et l’investissement direct étranger (IDE) dans le secteur des services ont connu une remarquable expansion dans presque tous les pays de l’OCDE. Cette évolution s’explique en partie par la mondialisation générale des activités économiques durant cette période, comme le montrent, par exemple, Nicoletti et al. (2003). Cependant, le rythme de l’internationalisation dans le secteur des services a été encore plus rapide que dans les autres secteurs. Entre 1983 et 2003, la part (en dollars) des exportations de services dans les exportations totales de biens et de services de la zone de l’OCDE a progressé de plus de 2 points pour s’établir à un peu moins de 22 pour cent. Il est plus difficile d’estimer la part des transactions portant sur...
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789282103487
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. ECMT Annual Report 2004
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette brochure décrit les activités de la CEMT au cours de l'année 2004. Elle contient le texte des principaux documents approuvés par le Conseil des Ministres des Transports à Ljubljana et couvre : les événements majeurs de l'année, l'évolution des transports, les activités des groupes de travail de la CEMT, et les activités du CCRT. Elle comprend également un organigramme et le répertoire du personnel.
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Pages: 105 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.440
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper provides a detailed description of recent research to re-estimate and re-specify the international trade volume and price equations that are used in the OECD Economics Department to analyse international trade developments. New panel data estimates of the factors affecting export performance, import penetration and exchange rate pass-through into trade prices are reported for both OECD and non-OECD economies. The model set out has already been used successfully to monitor the global consistency of the international trade projections in the Economic Outlook.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282103463
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (115 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rapport annuel de la CEMT 2004
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This brochure describes the activities of the ECMT during 2004. It also sets out the main documents approved by Ministers in Ljubljana and presents: the major events of the year, the latest trends in transport, the activities of the ECMT Working groups, and JTRC activities. It includes an organigramme and staff directory.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789282123423
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.128
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Systèmes nationaux de planification des infrastructures de transport
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table discusses changes in national systems of transport infrastructure planning and the lessons for the further improvement of planning processes. It covers the following issues: the rationale of transport infrastructure planning and related reform needs, the decentralisation of planning institutions, reforms of planning and evaluation methods, reforms of infrastructure financing and pricing. This report contains background papers reporting on the national experiences of France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom.
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.458
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Innovation surveys provide a broad measure of the successful commercial introduction of new product and process innovations. The dual purposes of this paper are to establish whether survey-based measures of innovation are related to more widely used intermediate measures, such as R&D and patents, and to identify the principal factors that affect the probability of successful innovation. Cross-country panel data is used from the third European Community Innovation Survey (CIS3), with allowance made for possible differences by firm size and by sector of activity. The survey measures of innovative activity and success are found to be positively correlated with past R&D and patenting, suggesting that factors affecting the development of innovations also affect their subsequent implementation. The availability of qualified personnel and private financing, less rigid product and labour market regulations, greater co-operation in the innovation process and public financial support are all found to be positively associated with the proportion of successful innovators for at least some sectors and firm sizes. Innovation in small firms is found to be more dependent on co-operation and the availability of finance than in larger firms.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282103418
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.126
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les aéroports ; des plaques tournantes multimodales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les aéroports : des plaques tournantes multimodales
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This ECMT Round Table features four papers: The European Market for Airline Transportation and Multimodalism, The Role of Airports in the Transport Chain, Airport Systems and Connectivity, and Airports as Multimodal Interchange Nodes - The Example of London Heathrow. These papers discuss how the requirements of ensuring efficient land transport connectivity depend on the market structure of the airline industry and its impact on the airport network.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282123386
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Series Statement: Road Transport and Intermodal Linkages Research Programme
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des normes de performance pour le secteur routier
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This report examines existing regulatory approaches and then explores how performance standards might be used to improve regulatory outcomes. Under a performance-based approach to regulation, standards would specify the performance required from vehicle operations rather than mandating how this level of performance is to be achieved. More flexible performance-based regulations provide for increased innovation and more rapid adoption of new technologies. The report explores the regulatory reform processes in some countries that have led to more direct, outcome-oriented approaches to regulating road transport vehicles.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.459
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper draws together the key findings from separate detailed analyses of the determinants of R&D, patenting and the commercial introduction of innovations in the business sector in order to identify the policies, institutions and framework factors that provide the most effective means of supporting innovation. The evidence suggests that there is a clear role for framework conditions, framework policies and specific science policies, both independently and in interaction with each other. Policies that raise the absorptive capacity of the economy (the capacity to understand and make use of new knowledge) are likely to have dual benefits, not only helping to stimulate new innovative activities, but also helping to maximise the benefits to be gained from the existing stock of knowledge. Potential policy trade-offs also need to be taken into account. Some policies that offer benefits for current innovation also have costs that could adversely affect future incentives to innovate. Others have trade-offs when considered in combination. Cross-country differences in the level of R&D intensity are shown to be closely correlated with crosscountry differences in science policies and institutions. Framework conditions and policies have an important influence when accounting for cross-country differences in the rate of change of R&D intensities over time.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.456
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Innovation is a broad topic, about which much has been written. Almost every kind of public policy has either a direct or an indirect impact on factors that affect innovative activity. The purpose of this paper is to draw out the key implications from selected studies concerning a small number of science-related policies that are widely employed in order to deal with perceived market failures in the innovation process. The main issues considered are fiscal incentives for private R&D, the role of public research organisations, the regulation of intellectual property, the availability of finance, and the supply of skilled human resources for science and technology. Two central themes developed in the paper are the need for accurate evaluation of all these policies, since each may have costs as well as benefits, and the likely enhancement of the wider social benefits from innovation if knowledge is able to diffuse freely, and if potential beneficiaries have sufficient absorptive capacity to be able to understand and use new knowledge productively.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282123294
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.127
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le temps et les transports
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table revisits the extended literature on the valuation of passenger time and discusses the under-researched topic of the value of time in freight transport. It assesses the increased value of time in international freight transport, given the trend towards globalisation. In particular, urban planners are concerned that an overvaluation of passenger time could give rise to excessive urban infrastructure investment which would induce low-density development of cities and urban sprawl. Transport policy measures that increase the speed and reliability of freight transport not only reduce its direct costs but have strong effects on inventory policies, logistics and even the location of firms. As recent empirical studies show, variations in time requirements for international transport, and increasingly short product and fashion cycles, have an influence on the pattern of foreign direct investment and international trade flows. Rational transport policy decision making has to take account of these indirect effects.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264008588
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Évaluation économique des chaussées à longue durée de vie ; Phase 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Economic evaluation of long-life pavements
    DDC: 388.1/1
    RVK:
    Keywords: Straßenbau ; Baustoff ; Transport ; Straßenbaustoff ; Straßenoberbau ; Langlebigkeit ; Bewertung
    Abstract: With maintenance costs accounting for a large proportion of road budgets, this report assesses the economic and technical feasibility of innovative wearing courses for long life road pavements. While having higher initial costs, such wearing courses have the potential to dramatically reduce recurrent road maintenance requirements and user costs and could also reduce overall costs significantly, under circumstances outlined in the report.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789282103340
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (138 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Container Transport Security Across Modes
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Après les attentats terroristes du 11 septembre 2001, il est devenu évident que sur le plan de la sûreté, les conteneurs maritimes eux-mêmes et les nœuds de transbordement par lesquels ils transitent vers les autres modes de transport pouvaient être vulnérables. Ce rapport décrit la complexité et l’hybridité du système de transport de conteneurs ainsi que les divers acteurs concernés. Il identifie les zones potentielles de vulnérabilité et adresse des recommandations aux autorités chargées des transports terrestres et maritimes quant aux mesures susceptibles de renforcer la sûreté des conteneurs.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264008595
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Economic Evaluation of Long-Life Pavements; Phase 1
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Les coûts d’entretien représentant une part importante des budgets routiers, ce rapport évalue la faisabilité économique et technique de couches de roulement innovantes pour des chaussées à longue durée de vie. Même avec des coûts initiaux plus élevés, ces couches de roulement pourraient contribuer à réduire considérablement les coûts d'entretien récurrents et les coûts pour l'usager, ainsi que les dépenses globales, sous certaines conditions exposées dans ce rapport.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 67-94
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Relocalisation internationale de la production et exportations de services
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 67-94
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper explores the relationship between the relocation of international production and exports of services from the United States using a number of different panel data estimators for six different categories of services. A conventional export demand relationship is augmented by three different measures of the extent of international production relocation by US-based parent companies in service and non-service industries. Our results reveal considerable heterogeneity in the relationship...
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