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  • 2005-2009  (36)
  • 2006  (36)
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development  (36)
  • European Conference of Ministers of Transport
  • Environment  (35)
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  • 2005-2009  (36)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preliminary Lists of PFOS, PFAS, PFOA and Related Compounds and Chemicals that May Degrade to PFCA (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 11, p. 1-194
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 194 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 11, p. 1-194
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: The OECD conducted a survey in 2004 on Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS),Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonate (PFAS), Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA), related substances and products/mixtures containing these substances within OECD and non-OECD member countries. The information sought were quantities manufactured or imported, concentration of the chemicals in the products or mixtures, uses, use in consumer products, availability of alternatives or substitutes and essential uses for which no substitutes are available. The 37th Joint Meeting decided that lists of these groups of chemicals with CAS numbers would be useful prior to the next OECD survey. The aim of the annexes is to provide OECD member countries and other organisations with a consolidated and updated set of lists of PFOS, PFAS, PFOA and related chemical substances that will assist in providing responses to the next OECD survey of these substances, to be carried out in 2006. The annexed lists will be updated, as appropriate, following the 2006 survey.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art38-en
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Uses of Pollutant Release and Transfer Register Data and Tools for their Presentation : A Reference Manual (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 10, p. 1-87
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 87 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 10, p. 1-87
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: This report presents numerous examples of the variety of tools for presenting and illustrating PRTR data and the types of uses of PRTR data in OECD member countries. It presents examples of uses for the purposes of the public, community groups, industry, the government, and academic and independent research institutions. The intent of this report is not to describe all of the many programmes, activities, and tools that use PRTR data, but to present examples in each category to illustrate the wide variety of current and evolving uses of such data.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art33-en
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Emission Scenario Document on Recovered Paper Mills (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 6, p. 1-37
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 6, p. 1-37
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: The purpose of this emission scenario document (ESD) is to provide a realistic worst-case emission scenario for chemicals used at recovered paper mills. The general information about the processes and chemicals used is derived from literature data and several reports from the European Union and the United States. The emission estimation methods given in this ESD are based on those developed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development with parameter defaults reflecting Canadian operations. This ESD on Recovered Paper Mills was developed in 2004 along with two sister documents, an ESD on Kraft Pulp Mills, and an ESD on Non-integrated Paper Mills. Although they were designed as stand alone documents, by their nature they represent different phases of the life cycle of paper products. The ESD on Kraft Pulp Mills represents the production stage when pulp is first produced. The ESD on Non-integrated Paper Mills is representative of the industrial phase of the life cycle, when the pulp is converted to paper and/or board products. This ESD on Recovered Paper Mills is illustrative of the recovery stage, when paper products are recovered, reworked and recycled back into the community.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art24-en
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Resource Compendium of PRTR Release Estimation Techniques: Part 3: Summary of Techniques for Off-Site Transfers (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 4, p. 1-35
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 4, p. 1-35
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: This document provides an overview of example transfers that contain chemicals of concern, the sources of those transfers, the chemicals included and management methods for these transfers. In particular, Chapter 5 describes release estimation techniques (RETs) that can be applied to estimate quantities of chemicals in transfers. A case study on oil refining is provided following the general description, including detailed descriptions of unit operations, identification of chemicals in waste/wastewater generated by industries, and calculations for determining the quantities of chemicals transferred off site.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art16-en
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analytical Framework for Evaluating the Costs and Benefits of Extended Producer Responsibility Programmes (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 8, p. 1-57
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 59 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 8, p. 1-57
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is an environmental policy approach under which the responsibility of producers for their products is extended to include the social costs of waste management, including the environmental impact of waste disposal. This paper sets out a framework for assessing the costs and benefits of EPR. As comparedwith “conventional” waste management EPR involves the collection of particular end-of-life products, product categories or waste streams. In some cases these wastes would traditionally be handled appropriately through municipal waste management programs. Packaging would be one example. In other cases they might be handled, or might need to be handled, as special wastes which would be inappropriate for a municipal waste management programme. Solvents, scrap tires, used crankcase oil, lead acid batteries and electronics fit into this category. To evaluate the costs and benefit ratio for EPR programmes, the costs of these features need to be weighed against the benefits in terms of the reduced social costs of waste management, including the various externalities associated with landfilling or incineration and the environmental risks associated with “doing nothing” by maintaining existing practices.As compared with alternative policy instruments, an attraction of EPR is the incentive it creates for producers to consider post-consumer waste-management costs when making decisions about product design and marketing. Such “Design-for-Environment” incentives are an important part of the overall assessment of EPR, but their practicalevaluation could be difficult.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art29-en
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Consensus Document on the Biology of Western White Pine (Pinus monticola DOUGL. ex D. Don) (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 10, p. 1-38
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 10, p. 1-38
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: The environmental safety/risks of transgenic organisms are normally based on the information on the characteristics of the host organism, the introduced traits, the environment into which the organism is introduced, the interaction between these, and the intended application. The OECD?s Working Group on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology decided at its first session, in June 1995, to focus its work on identifying parts of this information, which could be commonly used in countries for environmental safety/risk assessment to encourage information sharing and prevent duplication of effort among countries. Biosafety Consensus Documents are one of the major outputs of its work. Biosafety Consensus Documents are intended to be a ?snapshot? of current information on a specific host organism or trait, for use during regulatory assessments. They are not intended to be a comprehensive source of information on everything that is known about a specific host or trait; but they do address the key or core set of issues that member countries believe are relevant to risk/safety assessment. This information is said to be mutually acceptable among member countries. To date, 24 Biosafety Consensus Documents have been published. They include documents which address the biology of crops, trees and microorganisms as well as those which address specific traits which are used in transgenic crops.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art34-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Emission Scenario Document on Non-Integrated Paper Mills (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 6, p. 1-36
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 6, p. 1-36
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: The purpose of this emission scenario document (ESD) is to provide a realistic worst-case emission scenario for chemicals used at non-integrated paper mills. The general information about the processes and chemicals used is derived from literature data and several reports from the European Union and the United States. The emission estimation methods given in this ESD are based on those developed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development with parameter defaults reflecting Canadian operations. This ESD on Non-integrated Paper Mills was developed in 2004 along with two sister documents, an ESD on Kraft Pulp Mills, and an ESD on Recovered Paper Mills. Although they were designed as stand alone documents, by their nature they represent different phases of the life cycle of paper products. The ESD on Kraft Pulp Mills represents the production stage when pulp is first produced. This ESD on Nonintegrated Paper Mills is representative of the industrial phase of the life cycle, when the pulp is converted to paper and/or board products. The ESD on Recovered Paper Mills is illustrative of the recovery stage, when paper products are recovered, reworked and recycled back into the community.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art23-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Abstracts of the OECD Workshop on the Biology of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 10, p. 1-28
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 10, p. 1-28
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: The main purpose of this workshop was to take the first steps in considering whether the general approaches which have been used in the past by the Working Group, primarily to address the safety/ risk assessment of transgenic plants, could be applicable to similar work on the safety/ risk assessment of transgenic fish.The objective of the workshop was to identify and review the kinds of (and availability of) baseline information of (non-transgenic) from traditional fish farming or breeding, and to determine what information might be relevant to risk/ safety assessment; and what information might be needed for the development of a biology document. The overall approach used by the Workshop was similar to that done to first identify and circumscribe the issues about crop species that would inform a risk/safety assessment of the same species after it had been transformed.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art35-en
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Progress on Adaptation to Climate Change in Developed Countries : An Analysis of Broad Trends (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 2, p. 1-53
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 2, p. 1-53
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: This paper provides an assessment of broad trends in progress on assessment and implementation of adaptation to climate change in “developed countries”, defined here as being Member states of the OECD and/or Parties listed under Annex I of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Primary inputs to this analysis are the National Communications (NCs) by these countries to the UNFCCC. NCs follow a standardised reporting format which facilitates cross-national comparison. They also reflect "whole government" perspectives. At the same time, however, the coverage of particular issues within these documents need not be comprehensive, nor might it necessarily reflect policy priorities on the ground. Therefore, this paper also examines other policies and projects which highlight progress on implementing adaptation, but which have not been reflected in the NCs.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art8-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Resource Compendium of PRTR Release Estimation Techniques: Part 1: Summary of Point Source Techniques (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 4, p. 1-79
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 79 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 4, p. 1-79
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: The preparation of the Resource Compendium is considered a first step in OECD’s Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) release estimation techniques work. The Compendium consists of three separate documents, corresponding to the three main source categories – point sources, diffuse sources and transfers. This document is Part 1 of the Compendium, summarising techniques used for estimating point source releases from Member countries. (Part 2 describes techniques used for diffuse sources and Part 3 summarises techniques used to estimate the concentration of chemicals in transfers.) The principal objective in the development of the Resource Compendium was to collect information from OECD governments and selected industries on the techniques used (or are expected to be used) to estimate releases from point and diffuse sources and for transfers and to provide a summary of this information. Another objective of this project was to provide a listing of reports and other documentation describing the various methods being used in OECD countries to estimate releases to air, water, and land. This document is Part 1 of the Resource Compendium. It describes the types of techniques used to estimate releases from point sources and how they can be applied. To the extent possible, the names and contact information for individuals who can provide reports and documents about specific techniques available in their country were included. Information for this document was obtained through a survey of OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art14-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Report on the Regulatory Uses and Applications in OECD Member Countries of (Quantitative) Structure-Activity Relationship Models in the Assessment of New and Existing Chemicals (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 11, p. 1-79
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 79 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 11, p. 1-79
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: This case studies report is part of the OECD effort to develop guidance for regulatory applications of (Quantitative) Structure-Activity Relationship [(Q)SAR] models, and emphasizes the use of programme-specific case studies to highlight the importance of legal and practical constraints and information requirements of individual regulatory programmes within OECD member countries in applying (Q)SAR approaches. This report provides a snapshot of the experiences of OECD member countries with respect to the use of (Q)SAR models in chemical assessment. The document provides both current regulatory uses in OECD member countries as well as prospective regulatory applications -- especially those within the European Union (EU) member states as a result of proposed legislation on chemicals (i.e., Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH)). As such, the case studies report should be regarded as a living document which will be updated periodically as requested by member countries to describe the expanding role of (Q)SAR in regulatory settings...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art37-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Emission Scenario Document for Insecticides for Stables and Manure Storage Systems (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 6, p. 1-91
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 92 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 6, p. 1-91
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: This Emission Scenario Document (ESD) addresses active substances for insecticides, acaricides and products to control other arthropods (in the EU, “product type 18”), used in animal housing and manure storage systems. Biocidal products marketed as insecticides are used in many different applications. They may be used in buildings, outdoors, in sewer systems and for veterinary purposes in animal housings Van Dokkum et al., 1998). The emission scenarios of insecticides for manure storage systems and for stables are connected closely to those of veterinary hygiene biocidal products (the EU “product type 3”). For this product type and for veterinary medicinal products, several reports have been published already (Montfoort et al., 1996; Montforts, 1999; Van der Linden, 2000). In specific cases, there may be borderline cases with food and feeding area disinfectants (the EU “product type 4”), veterinary medicinal products (the EU “product type 3”) or wood preservatives (the EU “product type 8”). This can occur if a biocide is used for more than one purpose. This is, for example, the case when a biocide is often used as an insecticide in animal housings, as a preservative in feed (disinfectant) and as a medicinal product against external parasites for chickens.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art21-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impacts of Unit-based Waste Collection Charges (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 8, p. 1-157
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 157 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 8, p. 1-157
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: This report explores the costs and benefits of systems for charging householders for waste. The study looks only at charges which vary with the amount and characteristics of the waste collected, referred to in the report as differential and variable rate, or DVR, charging systems. It is not concerned with taxes or charges levied on householders whichdo not vary according to how the waste collection services are used. The study uses a cost-benefit approach to attempt to draw out whether the balance of effects of such systems is positive or negative...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art30-en
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  • 14
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    Online Resource
    Workshop Report on Consideration of Chemical Safety in Green Procurement (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 11, p. 1-78
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 78 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 11, p. 1-78
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: Many chemicals are used to produce hundreds of thousands of different goods, from cars and computers to synthetic fabrics, kitchen appliances and paints. Through green procurement (GP) it is possible to reduce risks that arise from the use of chemical products by encouraging the use of chemical products which have low impact on human health and the environment throughout their life cycle, and discouraging the use of chemical products with a high impact. However, given the large number and variety of available chemical products and the differing priorities of product users, it is challenging to compare and select products for green procurement...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art36-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Resource Compendium of PRTR Release Estimation Techniques: Part 2: Summary of Diffuse Source Techniques (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 4, p. 1-107
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 107 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 4, p. 1-107
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: This is Part 2 of the Resource Compendium of Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (PRTR) Release Estimation Techniques. It defines diffuse sources and discusses how diffuse source data are collected, describes the different types of techniques available for various diffuse sources and discusses how to identify or calculate the input data for the techniques. One final point raised in this document is that there are release data available in various emission inventories. However, most PRTR programmes have yet to integrate such data. (While a PRTR is not an emission inventory per se, these inventories provide examples on how releases from diffuse sources are included and calculated). In the future, countries may wish to look at the data sources available to determine whether such data can be integrated into annual PRTR reports.Part 2 of the Resource Compendium specifically addresses estimation techniques for releases from diffuse sources, provides guidance and information on what techniques are available and notes the locations of where this information might be found. While this document is not a comprehensive guide of all techniques available and all source categories, it does provide a wide range of information about techniques currently used in a large number of OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art15-en
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  • 16
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    Improving Recycling Markets (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    ISBN: 9264029583 , 9789264029583
    Language: English
    Pages: 186 p. , ill. , 19x27cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Parallel Title: Print version Improving recycling markets
    DDC: 363.72/82
    Keywords: Recycling (Waste, etc.) ; Recycled products ; Electronic books ; OECD ; Recycling
    Abstract: Markets for many classes of potentially recyclable materials are growing. However, market failures and barriers are constraining some markets. Factors such as information failures, technological externalities, and market power can affect the prices, quantity, and quality of materials traded. This report presents the case for the use of industrial policies which address such market failures and barriers and these policies are seen as complements to more traditional environmental policies. Indeed, encouraging ever-higher recycling rates in the absence of such complementary measures may impose very high social welfare costs. This publication covers in particular the markets for waste oils, waste plastics, and used rubber tires.--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: Binder1.pdf; 001.pdf; 002.pdf; 003_170.pdf; 999.pdf;
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264029583-en
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  • 17
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Korea 2006 (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264024045
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Corée 2006
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Corée 2006
    Keywords: Environment ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: This comprehensive review of Korea's environmental policies and programmes brings the reader information on the extent to which Korea is meeting its domestic environmental objectives and international commitments. It reviews progress in pollution abatement and nature and biodiversity management, as well as progress in integrating environmental concerns in agricultural, energy, fiscal, and transport policy. It also examines the environmental-social interface and international commitments. The report includes a series of recommendations and selected statistical data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264024045-en
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  • 18
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    Revised Introduction to the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, Section 3 (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030213
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Proposition de révision de l'introduction aux lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, section 3
    Keywords: Environment
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030213-en
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  • 19
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    Test No. 104: Vapour Pressure (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069565
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 104; Pression de vapeur
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 104: Pression de vapeur
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes eight methods to measure the vapour pressure. Each one can be applied in different vapour pressure ranges. The vapour pressure (in Pascal) of a substance is defined as the saturation pressure above a solid or liquid substance and is determined at various temperatures (in Kelvin). The methods used are: the dynamic method (Cottrell’s method), the static method, the isoteniscope Method, the effusion method: vapour pressure balance, the effusion method: Knudsen cell, the effusion method: isothermal thermogravimetry, the gas saturation method and the spinning rotor method. The vapour pressure from any of the preceding methods should be determined for at least two temperatures. Three or more are preferred in the range 0 to 50°C, in order to check the linearity of the vapour pressure curve. In case of Effusion methods and Gas saturation method, 120 to 150 °C is recommended for the measuring temperature range instead of 0 to 50°C.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069565-en
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  • 20
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    Online Resource
    Infrastructure to 2030 : Telecom, Land Transport, Water and Electricity (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264023994
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les infrastructures à l'horizon 2030 ; Télécommunications, transports terrestres, eau et électricité
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les infrastructures à l'horizon 2030 : Télécommunications, transports terrestres, eau et électricité
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Infrastructure to 2030 ; [Vol. 1]: Telecom, land transport, water and electricity
    RVK:
    QD 200
    Keywords: 2004-2030 ; Infrastruktur ; Telekommunikationsnetz ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Wasserversorgung ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Economics ; OECD ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Wasserversorgung ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Telekommunikationswirtschaft ; Prognose 2030
    Abstract: Energy, transport, water and telecommunications all are essential to future development and growth. However, infrastructure investment requirements over the coming decades will be massive, running into trillions of dollars. How will the needed investments be financed, given that OECD populations are ageing fast and public finances tightening? How will such factors as urbanisation, climate change and globalisation affect the development of infrastructures in OECD countries? And how will the role of the public sector and private actors evolve over time? These are just some of the questions this OECD report addresses in this long-term assessment of the future of infrastructures in both OECD and non-OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264023994-en
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: United States 2005 (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264013179
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; États-Unis 2005
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : États-Unis 2005
    Keywords: Environment ; United States
    Abstract: This book presents OECD assessments and recommendations regarding the United States' efforts to manage its environment including air, water, nature, and biodiversity; to do this in a sustainable manner; and to do this in co-operation with its global neighbours. In particular, it assesses progress made since 1996, when OECD's previous review on the US was done.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264013179-en
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  • 22
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    Test No. 310: Ready Biodegradability - CO2 in sealed vessels (Headspace Test) (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264016316
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 310 ; Biodégradabilité facile - dégagement de CO2 dans des flacons hermétiquement clos (essai de l'espace libre au-dessus du liquide)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 310 : Biodégradabilité facile - dégagement de CO2 dans des flacons hermétiquement clos (essai de l'espace libre au-dessus du liquide)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is a screening method for the evaluation of ready biodegradability of chemical. The test substance, normally at 20 mg C/L, as the sole source of carbon and energy, is incubated (during 28 days normally) in sealed bottles with aerobic condition containing a buffer-mineral salts medium, which has been inoculated with a mixed population of micro-organisms. In order to check the test procedure, a reference substance (aniline, sodium benzoate or ethylene glycol and 1-octanol) of known biodegradability should be tested in parallel. It is recommended that triplicate bottles be analysed after a sufficient number of time intervals. Also at least five test bottles (from test vessels, blank controls, and vessels with the reference substance) are analysed at the end of the test, to enable 95% confidence intervals to be calculated for the mean percentage biodegradation value. The CO2 evolution resulting from the ultimate aerobic biodegradation of the test substance is determined by measuring the Inorganic Carbon (IC) produced in the test bottles in excess of that produced in blank vessels containing inoculated medium only. The extent of biodegradation is expressed as a percentage of the theoretical maximum IC production (ThIC), based on the quantity of test substance added initially. Biodegradation 〉60% ThIC within the 10-d window in this test demonstrates that the test substance is readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264016316-en
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  • 23
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    Test No. 311: Anaerobic Biodegradability of Organic Compounds in Digested Sludge: by Measurement of Gas Production (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264016842
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 311 ; Essai de biodégradabilité anaérobie des composés organiques dans une boue digérée ; mesure du dégagement gazeux
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 311 : Essai de biodégradabilité anaérobie des composés organiques dans une boue digérée : mesure du dégagement gazeux
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a screening method for the evaluation of potential anaerobic biodegradability of organic chemicals under specific conditions. Washed digested sludge, containing low (〈10 mg/L) concentrations of inorganic carbon (IC), is diluted about ten-fold to a total solids concentration of 1 g/L to 3 g/L and incubated at 35 °C ±2°C in sealed vessels with the test substance at 20 to 100 mg C/L for up to 60 days. The activity of the sludge is measured by running parallel blank controls. To check the procedure a reference substance (phenol, sodium benzoate, polyethylene glycol 400) is tested in parallel. At least triplicate test vessels for the test substance, blank controls, reference substance, inhibition controls and pressure control chambers are prepared. The increase in headspace pressure in the vessels resulting from the production of carbon dioxide and methane is measured. The inorganic carbon is measured at the end of the test. The amount of carbon (inorganic plus methane) resulting from the biodegradation of the test substance, is calculated from the net gas production and net IC formation in the liquid phase, in excess of blank control values. The extent of biodegradation is calculated from total IC and methane-C produced as a percentage of the measured or calculated amount of carbon added as test substance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264016842-en
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  • 24
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    Kernenergie heute (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264026544
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Energy Today
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'énergie nucléaire aujourd'hui
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Die Studie befasst sich mit den wichtigsten gegenwärtigen Fragen zur Kernenergie, und gibt einen zuverlässigen, auf Fakten gestützten Überblick über die Thematik. In der Studie werden die grundlegenden Fragen angesprochen, die für die Kernenergiedebatte heute von Bedeutung sind. Es werden wissenschaftliche und technologische Grundlagen ausgearbeitet sowie Fakten und offene Fragen im Zusammenhang mit der Behandlung radioaktiver Abfälle, der kerntechnischen Sicherheit, dem Strahlenschutz, der Wirtschaftlichkeit sowie dem internationalen Atomrecht und der Nichtverbreitung von Kernwaffen behandelt. Es wird die Kernenergie im Kontext der nachhaltigen Entwicklung betrachtet und auch auf das Potenzial neuer Kernenergie-Technologien eingegangen.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264026544-de
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  • 25
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    Summary of Considerations in the Report from the OECD Expert Groups on Short Term and Long Term Toxicology (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264035447
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Résumé des considérations du rapport des groupes d'experts de l'OCDE sur la toxicologie à court et à long terme
    Keywords: Environment
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264035447-en
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  • 26
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    Test No. 435: In Vitro Membrane Barrier Test Method for Skin Corrosion (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264067318
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 435 ; Méthode d'essai in vitro sur membrane d'étanchéité pour la corrosion cutanée
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 435 : Méthode d'essai in vitro sur membrane d'étanchéité pour la corrosion cutanée
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is for an in vitro membrane barrier test method that can be used to identify corrosive substances. The test method utilizes an artificial membrane designed to respond to corrosive substances in a manner similar to animal skin in situ. The in vitro membrane barrier test method may be used to test solids, liquids (aqueous substances with a pH in the range of 4.5 to 8.5 often do not qualify for testing) and emulsions. The test described in this Test Guideline allows the identification of corrosive chemical substances and mixtures and allows the subcategorisation of corrosive substances as permitted in the GHS. This classification is based on the substance penetration time through the membrane barrier. The test system is composed of two components, a synthetic macromolecular bio-barrier and a Chemical Detection System (which one detect the test substance). An appropriate number of replicates is prepared for each test substance and its corresponding controls. The times of applying the test substance to the membrane barrier are recorded and staggered. The time (in minutes) elapsed between application of the test substance to the membrane barrier and barrier penetration is used to predict the corrosivity of the test substance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264067318-en
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Zpráva o politice, stavu a vývoji životního prostøedí: Česká Republika 2005 (2006)
    Praha 10 : Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic
    Details
    ISBN: 9788072123179
    Language: Czech
    Pages: Online-Ressource (215 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Czech Republic 2005
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; République tchèque 2005
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Czech Republic 2005
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : République tchèque 2005
    Keywords: Environment ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: This book presents the results of a peer review of the Czech Republic's environmental policies and programmes. It systematically covers air, water, and waste management; nature and biodiversity management; the environmental/economic interface; the enviornmental/social interface; and international co-operation. It includes extensive statistical information as well as specific recommendations in each of the topics covered.
    DOI: 10.1787/9788072123179-cs
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  • 28
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    El Medio Ambiente y las Líneas Directrices de la OCDE para Empresas Multinacionales : Herramientas y Enfoques Empresariales (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264066106
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (138 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises; Corporate Tools and Approaches
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'environnement et les principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales ; Instruments et méthodes pour les entreprises
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Umwelt und OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen; Betriebliche Instrumente und Konzepte
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises; Corporate Tools and Approaches (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises; Corporate Tools and Approaches (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises: Corporate Tools and Approaches
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'environnement et les principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales : Instruments et méthodes pour les entreprises
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Umwelt und OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen: Betriebliche Instrumente und Konzepte
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises: Corporate Tools and Approaches (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises: Corporate Tools and Approaches (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264066106-es
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  • 29
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    Online Resource
    Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms, Volume 2 : OECD Consensus Documents (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264095403
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360 p.)
    Series Statement: Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    WG 3450
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transgene Pflanzen ; Umweltgefährdung ; Risikoanalyse
    Abstract: These OECD Biosafety Consensus Documents identify elements of scientific information used in the environmental safety and risk assessment of transgenic organisms which are common to OECD member countries. This is intended to encourage information sharing and prevent duplication of effort among countries. This book offers ready access to those consensus documents which have been published thus far. As such, it should be of value to applicants for commercial uses of transgenic crops, regulators in national authorities as well as the wider scientific community. More information on the OECD's work related to the biosafety of transgenic organisms is found at BioTrack Online (http://www.oecd.org/biotrack).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264095403-en
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  • 30
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    Test No. 227: Terrestrial Plant Test: Vegetative Vigour Test (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264067295
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 227 ; Essai sur plante terrestre ; essai de vigueur végétative
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 227 : Essai sur plante terrestre : essai de vigueur végétative
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to assess effects on vegetative vigour of terrestrial plants following above-ground exposure by general chemicals, biocides and crop protection products. The test can be conducted in order to determine the dose-response curve, or at a single concentration/rate as a limit test (range finding test is carried out depending on the results) according to the aim of the study. Plants are grown from seed usually to the 2- to 4- true leaf stage. Test substance is then sprayed on the plant and leaf surfaces at appropriate rate(s). After the application, the plants are evaluated against untreated control plants for effects on vigour and growth at various time intervals through 21 - 28 days from treatment. This study includes measurement of biomass of surviving plants (dry or fresh shoot weight, shoot height), visible detrimental effects on different parts of the plant, visual phytotoxicity and mortality (daily during the study) Appropriate statistical analysis are used to obtain an effective concentration ECx or an effective application rate ERx for the most sensitive parameter(s) of interest. Also, the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) can be calculated in this test.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264067295-en
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  • 31
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    Test No. 208: Terrestrial Plant Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070066
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 208; Essai sur plante terrestre ; essai d'émergence de plantules et de croissance de plantules
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 208: Essai sur plante terrestre : essai d'émergence de plantules et de croissance de plantules
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to assess effects on seedling emergence and early growth of higher plants following exposure to the test substance applied to the soil surface or into the soil. Seeds are placed in contact with soil treated with the test substance and evaluated for effects following usually 14 to 21 days after 50 % emergence of the seedlings in the control group. Endpoints measured are visual assessment of seedling emergence, biomass measurements, shoot height, and the visible detrimental effects on different parts of the plant. The test can be conducted in order to determine the dose-response curve, or at a single concentration/rate as a limit test, according to the aim of the study. An appropriate statistical analysis is used to obtain effective concentration ECx or effective application rate ERx for the most sensitive parameter(s) of interest. Also, the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) can be calculated in this test.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070066-en
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  • 32
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    Environment and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises : Corporate Tools and Approaches (Russian version) (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264066113
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (137 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises; Corporate Tools and Approaches
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'environnement et les principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales ; Instruments et méthodes pour les entreprises
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Umwelt und OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen; Betriebliche Instrumente und Konzepte
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. El Medio Ambiente y las Líneas Directrices de la OCDE para Empresas Multinacionales ; Herramientas y Enfoques Empresariales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises; Corporate Tools and Approaches (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises: Corporate Tools and Approaches
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'environnement et les principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales : Instruments et méthodes pour les entreprises
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Umwelt und OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen: Betriebliche Instrumente und Konzepte
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. El Medio Ambiente y las Líneas Directrices de la OCDE para Empresas Multinacionales : Herramientas y Enfoques Empresariales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises: Corporate Tools and Approaches (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264066113-ru
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  • 33
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    Test No. 221: Lemna sp. Growth Inhabition Test (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264016194
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 221 ; Lemna sp. Essais d'inhibition de la croissance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 221 : Lemna sp. Essais d'inhibition de la croissance
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to assess the toxicity of substances to freshwater aquatic plants of the genus Lemna (duckweed). Exponentially growing plant cultures of the genus Lemna (Lemna gibba and Lemna minor usually) are allowed to grow as monocultures in, at least, five concentrations of the test substance over a period of seven days. The objective of the test is to quantify substance-related effects on vegetative growth over this period based on assessments of selected measurement variables. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 100 mg/L. This study includes measurement of pH, light intensity, concentrations of the test substance, the counting of the frond number and measurement of at least one other variable (total frond area, dry weight or fresh weight). From the average specific growth rates (or yield) recorded in a series of test solutions, the concentration bringing about a specified x % inhibition of growth rate (or yield) is determined and expressed as the ErCx (or EyCx). An additional response variable used is yield. In addition, the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) and the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) may be statistically determined.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264016194-en
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  • 34
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    Summary of Considerations in the Report from the OECD Expert Group on Ecotoxicology (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264022386
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Résumé des considérations du groupe d'experts de l'OCDE sur l'écotoxicologie
    Keywords: Environment
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264022386-en
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  • 35
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    Summary of Considerations in the Report from the OECD Expert Group on Physical Chemistry (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264013391
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Résumé des considérations du rapport du groupe d'experts sur la chimie physique
    Keywords: Environment
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264013391-en
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  • 36
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    Environment and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises : Corporate Tools and Approaches (Chinese version) (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264066120
    Language: Chinese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises; Corporate Tools and Approaches
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'environnement et les principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales ; Instruments et méthodes pour les entreprises
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Umwelt und OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen; Betriebliche Instrumente und Konzepte
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. El Medio Ambiente y las Líneas Directrices de la OCDE para Empresas Multinacionales ; Herramientas y Enfoques Empresariales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises; Corporate Tools and Approaches (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises: Corporate Tools and Approaches
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'environnement et les principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales : Instruments et méthodes pour les entreprises
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Umwelt und OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen: Betriebliche Instrumente und Konzepte
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. El Medio Ambiente y las Líneas Directrices de la OCDE para Empresas Multinacionales : Herramientas y Enfoques Empresariales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises: Corporate Tools and Approaches (Russian version)
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264066120-zh
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