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  • 2005-2009  (10)
  • Immervoll, Herwig  (4)
  • European Conference of Ministers of Transport  (3)
  • Weltbank
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (10)
  • Social Issues/Migration/Health  (8)
  • Environment  (2)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pensions at a Glance : Asia/Pacific (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059771
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (102 p)
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The report analyses the retirement income systems of 18 Asian countries, including Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, the Philippines and Vietnam. It says that reform is needed because: coverage of formal pension systems is relatively low; withdrawal of savings before retirement is very common; pension savings are often taken as lump sums and often do not provide people with adequate income over their lifetime; pensions payments are not automatically adjusted to reflect changes in the cost of living. In OECD countries, an average of 70% of the working-age population are eligible for a pension. However in South Asia, just 7.5% of the working-age population are eligible and in East Asia 18%. Furthermore, few countries in Asia/Pacific have social pensions to provide safety-net retirement incomes for people who are not members of formal schemes. Only in India are social pensions significant, with around 10 to 15% of older people covered.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059771-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Reviews of Health Systems: Turkey 2008 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264051096
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (139 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Health Systems
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Turkey
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Gesundheitsreform ; Türkei ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Turkey ; Türkei ; Gesundheitswesen
    Abstract: This comprehensive review of Turkey's health care system shows that health status has improved rapidly in Turkey in recent decades, partly as a result of higher health spending. It describes the introduction of an ambitious Health Transformation Programme in 2003 which brought universal health insurance to Turkey in 2008 and has begun the process of public hospital reforms and the rolling out of family-practitioner services throughout the country. Challenges remain, however, including completing the Health Transformation Programme and ensuring that the new health system provides value for money and stays affordable. This report analyses these challenges and sets out policy suggestions aimed at addressing them.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264051096-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Une aide efficace. Une meilleure santé (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264058880
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (45 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Effective Aid, Better Health
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: Ces dernières années, l’aide en faveur de la santé a plus que doublé pour s’établir d’après des sources gouvernementales et privées, autour de 16.7 milliards dollars des ÉU en 2006. Cette aide donne des résultats tangibles, épargnant la vie de millions d’individus et préservant les moyens de subsistance de leur famille. Le défi à relever maintenant consiste à porter le montant de l’aide à des niveaux qui permettent d’atteindre les Objectifs du millénaire pour le développement. L’analyse des tendances observées au cours de la décennie écoulée fait apparaître une fragmentation de l’aide en faveur de la santé en une multitude de petits projets, plus de deux tiers de l’ensemble des engagements portant sur des montants inférieurs à 500 000 dollars des ÉU. Une fraction relativement faible des ressources va directement au budget des pays, et une part importante sert à financer des projets régionaux et plurinationaux. La question de savoir en quoi l’aide peut favoriser la mise en place de systèmes nationaux efficaces revêt une importance particulière dans le secteur de la santé. Il est indispensable que les pays disposent d’hôpitaux et de cliniques bien gérés, d’agents de santé qualifiés et de filières efficientes d’achat de médicaments pour améliorer réellement l’état de santé de leur population.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264058880-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cutting Transport CO2 Emissions : What Progress? (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282123782
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transports et émissions de CO2 ; Quels progrès ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transports et émissions de CO2 : Quels progrès ?
    RVK:
    AR 23400
    RVK:
    QT 800
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide mitigation ; Carbon dioxide Environmental aspects ; Greenhouse gas mitigation ; Transportation Environmental aspects ; Environment ; Transport ; OECD ; Verkehrssektor ; Kohlendioxidemission ; Emissionsverringerung ; European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    Abstract: Despite significant efforts on the part of some countries, transport CO2 emissions have increased steadily over the last ten years. This report reviews the progress OECD and ECMT countries have made in reducing transport sector CO2 emissions and makes recommendations for the focus of future policies. It includes detailed country-by country information on measures adopted and transport sector emissions for the period 1990 - 2003.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282123782-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Minimum Wages, Minimum Labour Costs and the Tax Treatment of Low-Wage Employment (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.46
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: International comparisons of minimum-wage levels have largely focused on the gross value of minimum wages, ignoring the effects of taxation on both labour costs and the net income of employees. This paper presents estimates of the tax burdens facing minimum-wage workers. These are used as a basis for cross-country comparisons of the net earnings of these workers as well as the cost of employing them. In addition, results show the evolution of net incomes and labour costs during the 2000-2005 period and the relative importance of minimum-wage adjustments and...
    DOI: 10.1787/337686556262
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    La gestion de la vitesse (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282103807
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Speed Management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gestión de velocidad
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport
    Abstract: La vitesse excessive est aujourd'hui responsable d'environ un tiers du nombre - inacceptable - de tués sur les routes. Réduire les vitesses moyennes de seulement 5% permettrait de sauver environ 20% des tués sur les routes. Ce rapport, préparé par un Groupe de travail du Centre conjoint OCDE/CEMT de Recherche sur les Transports, examine ces enjeux importants et identifie les améliorations nécessaires pour s’attaquer au problème de la vitesse, que ce soit au niveau des politiques ou de l’exploitation des infrastructures. Il esquisse un cadre pour parvenir au meilleur résultat en termes de sécurité routière tout en préservant l'environnement et en contribuant à une mobilité durable.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282103807-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transports et émissions de CO2 : Quels progrès ? (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282123805
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (294 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cutting Transport CO2 Emissions; What Progress?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cutting Transport CO2 Emissions: What Progress?
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport ; Kohlendioxidemission ; Reduktion
    Abstract: En dépit des efforts importants déployés par certains pays, les émissions de CO2 liées aux transports n’ont cessé de croître au cours de la dernière décennie. Ce rapport passe en revue les progrès accomplis par les pays de l’OCDE et de la CEMT en matière de réduction des émissions de CO2 imputables au secteur des transports. Il inclut des données détaillés par pays sur les mesures de lutte contres ces émissions pour les années 1990-2003.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Cutting transport CO 2 emissions : what progress?
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282123805-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Age Perspective on Economic Well-Being and Social Protection in Nine OECD Countries (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.34
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: For a number of reasons, incomes vary strongly with age. The nature of this variation is of interest for a wide range of policy purposes. Since age structures differ across countries, knowledge about the incomes earned by different age groups is also necessary for understanding and interpreting international comparisons of overall inequality. This paper quantifies the economic well-being of different age groups and the extent to which they rely on incomes from public and private sources. The analysis aims at establishing how social benefits, and the taxes needed to finance them, affect income levels and income disparities across different age groups. Results are compared across nine OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/703336207745
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Welfare Reform in European Countries : A Microsimulation Analysis (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.28
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This paper estimates the welfare and distributional impact of two types of welfare reform in the 15 (pre-enlargement) member countries of the European Union. The reforms are revenue neutral and financed by an overall and uniform increase in marginal tax rates on earnings. The first reform distributes the additional tax revenue uniformly to everybody (traditional welfare) while the second reform distributes tax proceeds uniformly to workers only (in-work benefit). We build a simple model of labour supply encompassing responses to taxes and transfers along both the intensive and extensive margin. We then use EUROMOD to describe current welfare and tax systems in European Union countries and use calibrated labour supply elasticities along the intensive and extensive margins to analyze the effects of the two welfare reforms. We quantify the equity-efficiency trade-off for a range of elasticity parameters. In most countries, because of large existing welfare programmes with high phase-out rates, the uniform redistribution policy is undesirable unless the redistributive tastes of the government are extreme. The inwork benefit reform, on the other hand, is desirable in a very wide set of cases. We discuss the practical policy implications for European welfare policy.
    DOI: 10.1787/873766824646
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Can Parents Afford to Work? : Childcare Costs, Tax-Benefit Policies and Work Incentives (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 73 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.31
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Finding a suitable balance of work and family life is not an easy task for parents who face multiple, and potentially conflicting, demands. Childcare policies play a crucial role in helping parents reconcile care and employment-related tasks. But inconsistent or poorly implemented policies can also introduce additional barriers that make it harder for families to arrange and share their responsibilities according to their needs and preferences. This paper quantifies the net cost of purchasing centre-based childcare in OECD countries taking into account a wide range of influences on household budgets, including fees charged by childcare providers as well as childcare-related tax concessions and cash benefits available to parents. Building on these calculations, family resources are evaluated for different employment situations in order to assess the financial trade-offs between work and staying at home. Results are disaggregated to identify the policy features that present barriers to work for parents whose employment decisions are known to be particularly responsive to financial work incentives: lone parents and second earners with young children requiring care.
    DOI: 10.1787/312744260654
    URL: Volltext
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