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  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (100)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    COVID-19 Impact Monitoring : Nigeria, Round 9 (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Abstract: The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic and its economic and social effects on households have created an urgent need for timely data to help monitor and mitigate the social and economic impacts of the crisis and protect the welfare of Nigerian society. To monitor how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the economy and people of Nigeria and to inform policy interventions and responses, the National Bureau of Statistics with technical support from the World Bank implemented the Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (COVID-19 NLPS). This brief presents findings from the seventh and ninth rounds of this survey which was conducted between January 9 and 25, 2021 respectively
    DOI: 10.1596/35320
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Central African Republic Economic Update, October 2020 : The Central African Republic in Times of COVID-19 - Diversifying the Economy to Build Resilience and Foster Growth (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: The economy of the Central African Republic (CAR) grew at a slower pace in 2019 compared to 2018. Still, it grew at 3.1 percent, year-onyear, in 2019, above the average of regional peers (1.6 percent) and countries affected by fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV) (2.7 percent). Despite improvements in security following the signing of the peace agreement in February 2019, the economy performed worse than expected due to the collapse by about 30 percent in the production of coffee and cotton, which in turn was the result of persistent structural challenges in the agriculture sector. On the demand side, private consumption remained the main driver of economic growth, while the agriculture and services sectors drove growth on the supply side. Moreover, extreme poverty remains high and projected to affect 71 percent of the population-3.4 million people-in 2019. Inflation increased in 2019, and CEMAC's monetary policy remained on track. The tightening of monetary policy, as well as progress on implementing the new Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa's (Communaute Economique et Monetaire de l'Afrique Centrale, CEMAC) foreign exchange regulation in March 2019, contributed to a strong recovery of gross foreign assets, from 2.7 months' worth of imports in 2018 to 3.3 months in 2019. Inflation was contained at an average of 2.8 percent in 2019 as inflationary pressures from the blockade of the main trade route between Bangui and Cameroon in March abated. Fiscal stance improved, but CAR remains at high risk of debt distress. Public expenditure grew at a slower pace in 2019 than in 2018, mainly due to delays in public investments. Government revenues picked up at 18.4 percent of GDP in 2019 thanks to a significant increase in official grants. As a result, the overall fiscal situation improved in 2019, and the debt-to-GDP ratio continued to decline. However, CAR remains at high risk of debt distress, primarily due to low exports and mobilization of domestic resources
    DOI: 10.1596/34803
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Natural Capital Accounting : Informing Policy Decisions and Management of Uganda's Natural Resources (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Abstract: The Government of Uganda has been working to establish a new system of NCA. NCA is a standardized approach to measuring and valuing natural resources. It overcomes the limitations of traditional economic measurements, such as gross domestic product (GDP), that look primarily at income and not at wealth. It provides physical and monetary information about natural capital wealth as well as income and other benefit flows. As such,NCA is already helping to inform key policies and plans in Uganda. The development of NCA in Uganda has been supported by various development partners, notably the World Bank's global program, WAVES. This paper offers an independent synthesis of Uganda's work with WAVES from 2018 to 2020. It is based on program documentation and a review of the accounts themselves, supplemented by interviews of key Ugandan officials involved in the process
    DOI: 10.1596/34811
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ghana Poverty Assessment (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Poverty Assessment
    Abstract: After the return to democracy, Ghana achieved significant economic growth and poverty reduction. However, in recent years, the rate of poverty reduction has slowed, becoming insignificant after 2012. The largest reduction in poverty, 2 percent per year, was reached from 1991-1998. Subsequently, the rate of decline fell to 1.4 percent in 1998-2005, 1.1 percent in 2005-2012, and dropped to 0.2 percent per year between 2012 and 2016. The slowdown in poverty reduction was not due to a reduction in GDP per capita growth, which peaked between 2005 and 2012 and remained high between 2012 and 2016. Rather, it was due to a drop in the rate to which economic growth translated into poverty reduction. The growth elasticity of poverty (percentage reduction in poverty associated for every one percentage change in GDP per capita) was 1.2 between 1991 and 1998 but declined to less than 0.1 between 2012 and 2016, indicating a 1 percent increase in GDP per capita led to less than 0.1 percent reduction in poverty
    DOI: 10.1596/34804
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Creating Disability-Inclusive ID System (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Abstract: Access to identification is a vital priority. In developing countries, persons with disabilities are among those most likely to face barriers in accessing government services such as health and rehabilitation, public transportation, education, voting, financial services, and economic opportunities. For women and girls with disabilities and other persons with disabilities with intersecting identities, these barriers are multidimensional. Addressing poverty among persons with disabilities and their families requires solutions that address their differentiated and sometimes complex needs, a precondition of which is possessing official proof of identity. This report provides a model of the continuous nature of the ID lifecycle, suggesting some illustrative approaches to designing a disability-inclusive ID process at any stage in the lifecycle. The ID lifecycle comprises five phases, each allowing for disability-inclusive interventions. The five phases are: (1) planning and design; (2) outreach and engagement; (3) enrollment; (4) use of ID; (5) and monitoring and evaluation. The cycle presents examples of continuous activities which should be regularly revisited to ensure that ID systems are accessible to people with disabilities regardless of the stage of implementation of the ID system. While not exhaustive, and recognizing that country contexts differ, this cyclical model can be a useful planning tool, much like that used across the world by electoral commissions for inclusive voter registration
    DOI: 10.1596/34848
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Thailand Manufacturing Firm Productivity Report (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Abstract: Thailand is an enduring development success story. Between the late 1960s and mid-1990s, strong and sustained economic growth propelled the country from low-income to upper-middle-income status. To achieve high-income status by 2037, the authorities will need to draw on the experiences of other upper-middle-income countries that have successfully completed the transition, as well as those that continue to struggle. The Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has severely impacted growth in Thailand, with the economy expected to contract in 2020 amid heightened uncertainty surrounding the path of the pandemic. This report focuses on the manufacturing sector builds on a framework that emphasizes the microeconomic and macroeconomic linkages of the sources of productivity growth. In line with this framework, Chapter 1 begins with an overview of Thailand's productivity dynamics at the macroeconomic level and identifies the causes of its slowing GDP growth rate.7 Chapter 2 analyzes the characteristics of Thai manufacturing firms and sub-sector productivity dynamics, revealing the drivers of firm productivity and distinguishing the relative contributions of within-firm effects, between-firm effects, and market dynamism. Chapter 3 evaluates the impact of competition on firm productivity by comparing market entry and exit indicators with price markups. Chapter 4 concludes with a set of policy recommendations designed to boost firm productivity in Thailand's manufacturing sector
    DOI: 10.1596/34882
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Business Regulation in South Asia and the Belt and Road Initiative (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Abstract: This study provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of the business environment in six South Asian countries, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, to examine whether business regulatory requirements in these countries hinder them from fully benefiting from BRI project spillovers. The analysis is based on available secondary data sources and responses to a structured questionnaire sent to selected private sector participants in each of these countries, eliciting information on the law, regulation, and practice in a wide range of thematic areas influencing the overall business and regulatory environment. Survey respondents identified nine key themes as the most challenging for the private sector, including from the perspective of potential benefits from BRI-induced opportunities. The thematic areas are: (a) licensing and inspection requirements; (b) regulations and practices governing foreign investment; (c) access to resources such as land, credit, and electricity; (d) regulatory restrictions on the operation of foreign firms, such as local content requirements and currency repatriation; (e) regulatory governance and corruption and state capture; (f) predictability and quality of the regulatory framework, especially corporate taxation; (g) government procurement laws and practice; (h) effective dispute settlement and grievance mechanisms; and (i) trade and customs regulations. The identified thematic areas promote connectivity and regional integration and thus are particularly relevant from the BRI perspective. Improvements along different dimensions of these thematic areas will likely enable countries in the region to gain from BRI-induced opportunities
    DOI: 10.1596/34891
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Women Endure COVID-19 Unequally to Men (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Abstract: The adverse impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is being disproportionately borne by women, further exacerbating the wide gender inequities in Myanmar. From food security, shortages in finances and the burden of caretaking responsibilities, women have been disproportionately affected by the secondary impacts of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Women have had to adopt more drastic measures to mitigate the impacts of the pandemic, both reactively and proactively, ranging from reducing food- and non-food consumption and borrowing money from Micro-Finance Institutions and informal money lenders. Not unexpectedly, women's greater disadvantage, limited access to support, subjection to domestic violence and structural inequalities lend themselves to their being less optimistic about the near future. The evidence surveyed is clear that women are enduring Coronavirus (COVID-19) disproportionately worse than men, both in household and firm settings and they take on the bulk of the emotional burden with regard to responsive and proactive coping mechanisms
    DOI: 10.1596/34888
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Realizing the Blue Economy Potential in Albania (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Abstract: The objective of this study is to fill the knowledge gaps to help advance Albania's vision of the Blue Economy, in the context of the country's aim of joining the EU. The two most important sectors with this regard are fisheries and tourism. Both industries are well established and offer the highest potential return on investment when it comes to the Blue Economy and have socio-economic and cultural significance for the coastal communities. The study further extends to cover the challenges of marine plastic pollution and examine possible solutions. For the purpose of cross-sectoral planning and investment coordination, the Blue Economy Development Framework (BEDF) is introduced as a distinct theme. The analysis concludes with a menu of options to develop the marine based economic activities and ultimately accelerate the country's transition towards the Blue Economy. The study reflects Albania's specific circumstances and the opportunities arising from integrated economic development of maritime sectors, including branding a 'Blue Albania' vision that could serve as a blueprint for future innovations in these sectors. Policy and decision makers from multiple institutions representing the GoA, as well as development partners and organizations such as the European Commission, have been consulted in the course of the study preparation
    DOI: 10.1596/34892
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impacts of Climate Change on Georgia's Coastal Zone : Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Options (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Abstract: The higher-level purpose of this study is to provide information to be used to raise the ambition of Georgia's nationally determined contribution (NDCs) and to consider adaptation targets for the Black Sea coast of Georgia. The study also aims to highlight how supporting a blue economy can accelerate the implementation of adaptation measures required to reduce climate risks and contribute towards the region's socioeconomic development and environmental conservation. The methodology used in the present study consists of five main steps: define the geographic scope; review available climate change projections; identify key climate risks and vulnerabilities for coastal Georgia; assess the impact of climate change on economic sectors and infrastructure, and possible adaptation options; and prioritize initial recommendations and key climate adaptation actions. The approach used to evaluate the various impacts on coastal Georgia consisted of a qualitative analysis and expert input from international and local teams. This included an assessment of feasible adaptation options. Discussions with local experts and government agencies were also carried out in order to gain further details of vulnerable areas and evaluate both the potential for specific adaptation measures to yield economic benefits as well as the feasibility and acceptability of these options. The report is organized in six chapters. Chapter one introduces the purpose, objectives, methodology, and limitations for the study. Chapter two provides an overview of Georgia's coastal zone economic sectors, while chapter three provides an overview of Georgia's coastal climate and climate change impacts. Chapter four presents the priority risks for coastal Georgia, based on the existing cost of environmental degradation estimates and climate change projections. Chapter five discusses the impacts of climate change on Georgian coastal economic sectors, health and infrastructure, through the prism of the priority risks described in the previous chapter and presents a menu of adaptation options. Chapter six discusses the conclusions of the study and makes initial information, institutional, and investment recommendations, and key actions, including key actions required to implement climate adaptation on the ground
    DOI: 10.1596/34886
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatial Finance : Challenges and Opportunities in a Changing World (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Abstract: If financial markets are to realign towards truly sustainable development the financial sector needs to differentiate commercial actors more accurately on their climate and environmental performance. A potential breakthrough to help in this challenge is the emerging field of -'Spatial Finance', the independent assessment of the location of a company's or a country's assets and infrastructure using ground data, remote sensing observations and modelled insights, offers a potentially transformative means to gain improved quantitative ESG insights. Rapid development is required if spatial finance is to deliver in the short term. In this report, authors outline a possible taxonomy and hierarchy for spatial finance, showing how discrete forms of technology, approaches and data can be considered within a single consistent framework. Using this framework, spatial finance could provide insights at differing scales for different applications from the asset-scale for project finance, to company-scale for investment, to country scale for sovereign debt. Throughout the document authors provide insights into current cutting-edge developments within the field, illustrated with case studies from practitioners and data providers, and explore potential future developments
    DOI: 10.1596/34894
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Papua New Guinea High Frequency Phone Survey on COVID-19 : Results from Round 1 (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Abstract: Papua New Guinea (PNG) is the largest country in the Pacific region, and one of the most diverse countries in the world. The key development challenge in this lower-middle income country is how to translate macroeconomic gains from the resource sector into better opportunities and services for PNG's largely poor and rural populations. The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has compounded issues for an already weakening economic situation. A strong evidence base is needed to understand the socioeconomic implications of the coronavirus pandemic for Papua New Guinea. Data is needed to inform the policy response to the coronavirus crisis. To monitor and assess the socio-economic impacts of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Papua New Guinea, five rounds of High Frequency Phone Surveys (HFPS) have been planned and will be conducted quarterly. Data collection began in late June 2020. This report presents the findings from round one and concludes with a policy section to help inform an evidence-based response to Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Papua New Guinea
    DOI: 10.1596/34907
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Solomon Islands High Frequency Phone Survey on COVID-19 : Results from Round 1 (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Abstract: The Solomon Islands is a lower middle income small island state in the Melanesian region of the Southwest Pacific. Agriculture, including logging, is central to the economy of the Solomon Islands. To protect the country from importation of Coronavirus (COVID-19) and to limit the possible spread of undiagnosed cases, beginning March 27, the government enacted a series of emergency measures under the State of Public Emergency (SoPE). Coronavirus (COVID-19) response measures, both domestically and abroad, are expected to have negative impacts on the economy and on livelihoods. A strong evidence base is needed to understand the socioeconomic implications of the coronavirus pandemic for the Solomon Islands. The objective of this survey was to measure the socioeconomic impacts of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic in the Solomon Islands, including livelihoods, food security, and public safety and security, through a high frequency mobile phone survey
    DOI: 10.1596/34908
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bulgaria : Country Needs and STI Policy Mix Assessment (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Abstract: Bulgaria has achieved impressive economic performance over the last two decades. Nevertheless, recent growth of gross domestic product (GDP) and productivity has slowed since the global financial crisis, and the country faces medium- to long-term labor shortages and skills mismatches driven by an aging population and high emigration rates. Maintaining income growth in the face of these challenges will require boosting productivity, and a key step to increase productivity is to strengthen Bulgaria's science, technology and innovation (STI) performance, which ranks among the worst in the European Union (EU) across multiple indicators. A review of STI policies is critical in preparation for the next EU programing period to ensure that the expected increase in resources to support research and innovation is used effectively. This report provides a comprehensive assessment of the country's research and innovation needs and an original analysis of the policies devoted to supporting STI in Bulgaria, including nearly all national-level STI-related policy instruments
    DOI: 10.1596/34790
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Promise of Education in Indonesia (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Education Sector Review
    Abstract: This Indonesia Education Flagship Report examines ways to strengthen education reforms and boost the learning outcomes of all Indonesian students. It focuses on how the education system can deliver on the promise of human capital for Indonesia. The recommendations focus on protecting and building human capital by increasing the capacity, equity, and accountability for learning. The report also explores what the central government can do to make changes for the better in areas under its control and how to provide better guidance and support to provinces, districts, and schools
    DOI: 10.1596/34807
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fukuoka City : Efficient Water Management (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Abstract: This case study showcases examples where the "G20 Principles for Quality Infrastructure Investment (QII)" have been operationalized in Japan`s urban infrastructure projects. It highlights Fukuoka City, one of the most prominent cities in Japan today. It reviews the city's efficient water management through Economic Efficiency and Infrastructure Governance, two of the six G20 Principles for QII. A key factor for the city's success was adopting life-cycle costing as an underlying principle; the city upgraded its water distribution pipe network with polyethylene sleeves for life extension and went to great length for leakage reduction. As a recent effort, the city underwent procurement reforms to improve the technical quality of public works. The implications are expected to benefit policymakers and practitioners in developing countries
    DOI: 10.1596/34815
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Belarus Public Expenditure Review : Strengthening the Equity, Efficiency and Effectiveness of Social Expenditures in Belarus (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Abstract: After more than a decade of strong growth, interrupted only by the 2008-2009 global financial crisis, Belarus' economy has encountered major headwinds. Since 2012, growth has stalled, macroeconomic imbalances have intensified, and public finances have deteriorated. Unlike regional peers, the country was unable to take advantage of buoyant global demand, ample liquidity and strong risk appetite. This suggests that the causes for this disappointing outcome are domestic and rooted in the current economic model based on an outsized public sector and reliance on Russia for cheap energy and as main export market. The narrow export base has left the economy vulnerable to economic weakness in Russia and, indirectly, to volatility in global oil prices. These shocks have exposed major structural weaknesses, that have dragged down productivity and potential growth and increased Belarus' vulnerability to major shocks such as the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The policy response to the external headwinds has been pro-cyclical. It has focused on avoiding major financial disruptions and resorting to increased foreign borrowing to make it through the financing pressures rather than deeper structural adjustment needed to adjust to the new realities and anchor fiscal sustainability. It has focused on exchange rate adjustment accompanied by ad-hoc fiscal retrenchment. The latter, however, although significant, has been episodic and less than optimal as it has protected consumption at the expense of investment. The scope for fiscal adjustment has been constrained by the structural rigidities of Belarus' public finances. Looking forward, Belarus now faces a perfect storm of a global economic shock caused by the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, an unprecedented drop in oil prices, and the phasing out of the energy import price discount by 2024 due to the Russian tax maneuver. All these adverse external developments come against the background of deeply rooted structural rigidities, a heavy debt redemptions schedule and a much-reduced policy space compared with previous episodes of external pressures such as in 2009 and 2015
    DOI: 10.1596/34830
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  • 18
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    Georgia : Towards Green and Resilient Growth (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Environmental Analysis
    Abstract: Georgia has made remarkable progress in terms of economic growth and poverty alleviation. In 2019, the country became an upper middle-income country Georgia's endowment of natural resources is a significant source of national wealth and has the potential for accelerating inclusive socio-economic development. Yet, challenges persist as poverty and inequality remain high, especially in rural areas. The Coronavirus (COVID-19) induced global recession has affected important sectors of the economy, including tourism and the travel industry. This report fills knowledge gaps in the upstream importance of environment and natural assets, and highlights areas for aligning national strategies with sustainable recovery from the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In so doing, the report aims to inform national policies by which Georgia has commitments to "greening" sector developments aligned with the provisions of the EU-Georgia Association Agreement. The analysis underlying the report includes updates to the cost of environmental degradation (CoED) published in 2015. It also reflects the new government priorities and options for addressing specific challenges in forest management, land and coastal degradation, and air pollution. The recommendations of this report are designed for a wider audience, including the government of Georgia, as well as development partners and broader society
    DOI: 10.1596/34862
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Leading Schools Digitally : Evaluation of the Electronic School Planning and Budgeting System (e-RKAS) in Indonesia (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Abstract: The education system under the Ministry of Education and Culture (MoEC) in Indonesia is highly decentralized. Most school costs under MoEC are covered by fiscal transfers from the centre to provincial and district levels, some of which are earmarked for education use. One such type of transfer is school operational grants, known as Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) or school operational assistance. BOS funds are managed directly by schools, which have been delegated the autonomy to receive, plan and budget, spend, administer, and report their use. Experience has shown that many schools lack the capacity to use BOS funds effectively and efficiently to deliver better learning outcomes for students, while there have been no planning systems to manage use of BOS funds towards achieving the National Education Standards (NES) for individual schools. Under the BOS program, each school is required to conduct a School Self-Evaluation (SSE) against the NES and use the results to develop its spending plans accordingly. Every school has also been advised to develop a planning and budgeting system (Rencana Kegiatan dan Anggaran Sekolah or RKAS) to allocate and manage BOS funds. To support implementation of the RKAS, an application called the Rencana Kegiatan dan Anggaran Sekolah Berbasis Elektronik (e-RKAS or electronic school plan) has been developed. To assess the preliminary effects of introducing different e-RKAS applications on the role and behaviour of stakeholders, as well as challenges experienced during implementation, the World Bank conducted an evaluation of the e-RKAS program. This report focuses on the evaluation and impact of e-RKAS
    DOI: 10.1596/34883
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Uganda Economic Update, 16th Edition, December 2020 : Investing in Uganda's Youth (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: Uganda's real GDP grew at 2.9 percent in FY20, less than half the 6.8 percent recorded in FY19, due to the effects of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) crisis, and is expected to grow at a similar level in FY21, but downside risks are high. Economic activity stalled during the latter part of the fiscal year due to a domestic lockdown that lasted over four months, border closures for everything but essential cargo, and the spillover effects of disruption in global demand and global supply chains due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This resulted in a sharp contraction in public investment and deceleration in private consumption, which hit the industrial and service sectors hard, particularly the informal service sector. On a calendar year basis, real GDP growth is expected to contract by up to 1 percent in 2020, compared to 7.5 percent growth in 2019, and, as a result, real per capita GDP growth is expected to contract by about 4.5 percent. Even if GDP growth rebounds strongly by 2022, the level of per capita GDP is likely to remain well below its pre-COVID trajectory. As a result of these impacts, the COVID-19 crisis is threatening to reverse some of the gains made on structural transformation and the declining poverty trend of the past decade. This transformation was characterized by a reduction in the workforce employed in on-farm agriculture and a take-off in industrial production, largely in agro-processing. However, following the COVID shock, there have already been widespread firm closures, permanent layoffs in industry and services, a rapid slowdown of activity particularly in the urban informal sector, and a movement of labor back to farming. At the same time, household incomes have fallen, which is concerning given the high levels of vulnerability to poverty, limited social safety nets, and impacts this might have on human capital development and Uganda's capacity to benefit from its demographic transition
    DOI: 10.1596/34893
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    Perceptions of Gender Disparities in Vietnam's Labor Market (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Abstract: In the context of Vietnam's impressive economic growth over the last two decades, several studies have documented gender disparities, but few have studied the underlying constraints that drive the disparities. The Vietnamese government is working to increase its support to job seekers. To help fill the knowledge gaps, this study uses three qualitative methods to understand stakeholders' views on the mechanisms underlying gender disparities in the Vietnamese labor market and related policy: (1) individual biographical interviews; (2) focus group discussions; and (3) expert interviews. This study gives particular emphasis to the context in which the gender dynamic is played out in the sphere of the labor market. It approaches gender not as naturally determined but as socially constructed, with cultural, political, religious, and ethnical concepts all influencing its meaning. The study's qualitative findings confirm that a range of gender disparities exist in Vietnam's labor market. Section one gives introduction. Section two provides information on the institutional and legal environment in Vietnam and summarizes existing findings on gender disparities in the country's labor market. Section three describes the qualitative methodologies that were used in the study, namely individual biographical interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Section four discusses the empirical findings, section five details summary of research results for the provinces of Dien Bien and Quang Nam, and section six presents conclusions and policy recommendations
    DOI: 10.1596/34895
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    Egypt Economic Monitor, November 2020 : From Crisis to Economic Transformation - Unlocking Egypt's Productivity and Job-Creation Potential (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic is causing the most severe global health and economic crisis in at least seven decades. In Egypt, the disruptions caused by the pandemic started in March 2020, and has since interrupted a period of macroeconomic stability, characterized by relatively high growth, improved fiscal accounts, and a comfortable level of foreign reserves. Yet, the pandemic also hit as longstanding challenges continued to persist, notably the government's elevated debt-to-GDP ratio (despite its significant reduction in recent years), sluggish revenue-mobilization and the below-potential performance of non-oil merchandise exports and non-oil FDI. The fiscal, monetary and energy sector reforms implemented in recent years, along with the emergency measures undertaken by authorities in response to the COVID-19 crisis are so far helping Egypt weather the shock. Indeed, average real growth has remained positive during FY2019/20 and foreign reserves continue to be rather ample. Nevertheless, the COVID-19 pandemic has inevitably caused job and income losses, posing additional strains on Egyptian households' livelihoods, and is thus exacerbating the long-standing challenge of job-creation in Egypt, notably in the formal private sector. The in-focus chapter of this report is therefore dedicated to the topic of jobs and economic transformation. The analysis of this chapter shows that the economic transformation process has been slow-moving in Egypt, with employment shares increasing either in low value-added sectors, or in sectors that have experienced a decline in productivity (value-added per worker). Hence, the Egyptian economy has not been able to generate high-earning jobs, at scale. Going forward, for businesses to expand and create sufficient and high-quality employment opportunities, a three-pronged approach will be necessary: (i) Sustaining macroeconomic stability and overall policy predictability whilst incentivizing domestic savings to finance investments. (ii) Getting the enabling environment right to create attractive opportunities for domestic and foreign investments. (iii) Upgrading human capital and firm capabilities to fast-track the economic transformation process in Egypt and to strengthen the country's resilience against such severe shocks
    DOI: 10.1596/34785
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    Government Financial Reporting in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Abstract: The economic shock of the coronavirus outbreak has an unprecedented impact on public finances. Governments are implementing massive fiscal packages including both budgetary and nonbudgetary measures to fight the pandemic while receipts are sharply down. Communicating the financial consequences of Coronavirus (COVID-19) to all stakeholders in a timely manner is important to create enduring broad support. Audited financial statements play a key role in building citizen trust in government. This policy note provides reflections on how governments could make use of existing systems of financial reporting during the pandemic as well as opportunities for improved financial reporting systems for the post-crisis environment. It also seeks to share insights into the impact of the pandemic on government financial performance, position, and cash flows
    DOI: 10.1596/34792
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    Ethiopia Regional Poverty Report : Promoting Equitable Growth for All Regions (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Poverty Assessment
    Abstract: Ethiopia's economy has grown rapidly over the last two decades, leading to significant national poverty reduction, but there were significant differences in the pace and nature of poverty reduction across Ethiopia's eleven regions. Based on the national poverty line, poverty decreased from 46 percent in 1996 to 24 percent in 2016 nationwide. Poverty decreased in all the regions, particularly after 2005 when growth became more robust. Although regional disparities remained fairly low, regional poverty rates converged until 2011 only to begin diverging again in 2016
    DOI: 10.1596/34805
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    Ghana : Enhancing Revenue Mobilization Through Improved Tax Compliance and Administrative Systems (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Abstract: Ghana's tax collection is low compared with other lower middle-income countries. Non-compliance of tax payments is an urgent issue in Ghana, as the government has been suffering from a widening fiscal deficit and a rising debt burden. Learning from experiences in other countries, this report proposes potential interventions that could improve tax compliance
    DOI: 10.1596/34847
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    Global Economic Prospects, June 2020 (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (234 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Economic Prospects
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has, with alarming speed, dealt a heavy blow to an already-weak global economy, which is expected to slide into its deepest recession since the second world war, despite unprecedented policy support. The global recession would be deeper if countries take longer to bring the pandemic under control, if financial stress triggers defaults, or if there are protracted effects on households and firms. Economic disruptions are likely to be more severe and protracted in emerging market and developing economies with larger domestic outbreaks and weaker medical care systems; greater exposure to international spillovers through trade, tourism, and commodity and financial markets; weaker macroeconomic frameworks; and more pervasive informality and poverty. Beyond the current steep economic contraction, the pandemic is likely to leave lasting scars on the global economy by undermining consumer and investor confidence, human capital, and global value chains. Being mostly a reflection of the recent plunge in global energy demand, low oil prices are unlikely to provide much of a boost to global growth in the near term. While policymakers' immediate priorities are to address the health crisis and moderate the short-term economic losses, the likely long-term consequences of the pandemic highlight the need to forcefully undertake comprehensive reform programs to improve the fundamental drivers of economic growth, once the crisis abates. Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing economies, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). The January edition includes in-depth analyses of topical policy challenges faced by these economies, while the June edition contains shorter analytical pieces
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1553-9
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    International Debt Statistics 2021 (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: International Debt Statistics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: International Debt Statistics (IDS), a long-standing annual publication of the World Bank, features external debt statistics and analysis for the 120 low- and middle-income countries that report to the World Bank Debtor Reporting System. IDS 2021 includes (1) an overview analyzing global trends in debt stocks of and debt flows to low- and middle-income countries within the framework of aggregate capital flows (debt and equity); (2) a feature story on the World Bank and International Monetary Fund Debt Service Suspension Initiative in response to the COVID-19 pandemic; (3) tables and charts detailing debtor and creditor composition of debt stock and flows, terms of new commitments, and maturity structure of future debt service payments and debt burdens, measured in relation to gross national income and export earnings for each country; (4) one-page summaries per country, plus global, regional, and income group aggregates showing debt stocks and flows, relevant debt indicators, and metadata for six years (2009 and 2015+"19); and (5) a user guide describing the tables and content, definitions and rationale for the country and income groupings used in the report, data notes, and information about additional resources and comprehensive data sets available to users online. Unique in its coverage of the important trends and issues fundamental to the financing of low- and middle-income countries, IDS 2021 is an indispensable resource for governments, economists, investors, financial consultants, academics, bankers, and the entire development community. For more information on IDS 2021 and related products, please visit the World Bank's Data Catalog at https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/international-debt-statistics
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1610-9
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    Toyama City : Compact City Development (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: City Development Strategy
    Abstract: This case study is showcases examples where the "G20 Principles for Quality Infrastructure Investment (QII)" have been operationalized in Japan`s urban infrastructure projects. It highlights Toyama City, which is now a global role model for compact city development and reviews the city's difficult journey towards a compact city through the lens of Economic Efficiency and Infrastructure Governance, which are two of the six G20 Principles for QII. This case study sheds light on the importance of governance aspects such as alignment with the national policy, organizational commitment, and collaboration with the private sector. Furthermore, it illustrates how effective governance can lead to economic efficiency and some evidence of a compact city`s wider benefits. The implications are expected to benefit policymakers and practitioners in developing countries
    DOI: 10.1596/34816
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    Lebanon Economic Monitor, Fall 2020 : The Deliberate Depression (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: The Lebanon Economic Monitor provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the past six months. It also presents findings from recent World Bank work on Lebanon. It places them in a longer-term and global context and assesses the implications of these developments and other changes in policy on the outlook for Lebanon. Its coverage ranges from the macro-economy to financial markets to indicators of human welfare and development
    DOI: 10.1596/34842
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    Ghana Tax Gap Analysis (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Abstract: The objective of this report is to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the tax gap in Ghana, and help the Government of Ghana identify the areas where they can increase tax revenue by improving compliance. Tax gap for corporate income tax, import tax, estimated value added tax, and potential tax revenue from formalization of informal firms were investigated
    DOI: 10.1596/34806
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    Kenya Economic Update, November 2020 : Navigating the Pandemic (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: Kenya's economy has been hit hard by COVID-19, severely affecting incomes and jobs. The economy has been exposed through the dampening effects on domestic activity of the containment measures and behavioral responses, and through trade and travel disruption (affecting key foreign currency earners such as tourism and cut flowers). Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) contracted by 0.4 percent in H1 2020 year-on-year(y/y), compared to growth of 5.4 percent in H1 of 2019. This reflects a worse-than-anticipated Q2 GDP outturn, mainly due to a sharp reduction of services sector output, especially education. As a result, the economy is projected to contract by 1.0 percent in 2020 in the baseline scenario, and by 1.5 percent in a more adverse scenario. This revision essentially adopts the adverse scenario outlined in the April 2020 update, reflecting the more severe impact of the pandemic to date than had been initially anticipated, including on the measured output of the education sector following the closure of institutions in March. The special focus topic finds that the pandemic increased poverty by 4 percentage points (or an additional 2 million poor) through serious impacts on livelihoods, by sharp decreases in incomes and employment. The unemployment rate increased sharply,approximately doubling to 10.4 percent in the second quarter as measured by the KNBS Quarterly Labor Force Survey. Many wage workers who are still employed face reduced working hours, with average hours decreasing from 50 to 38 hours per week. Almost 1 in 3 household runbusinesses are not currently operating, and between February and June average revenue from household run businesses decreased by almost 50 percent. This has exacerbated food insecurity, and elevated pain and human suffering. In response to the crisis, the government has deployed both fiscal and monetary policies to support the healthcare system, protect the most vulnerable households, and support firms to help preserve jobs,incomes and the economy's productive potential. Tax revenue dropped below target, due to the marked slowdown in economic activity, as well as tax relief as part of the government's fiscal response package. At the same time, expenditures were raised to strengthen the capacity of the healthcare system to manage infections, protect the most vulnerable households, and support businesses
    DOI: 10.1596/34819
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    Monitoring COVID-19 Impacts on Households in Vietnam, Report No. 2 : Round 2 Results Snapshot (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Abstract: To monitor the social and economic effects on households during the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Bank is conducting High-Frequency Phone Surveys of Households in Vietnam. These monitoring data help generate insights on household well-being amidst this dynamic period and highlight the effects on the most vulnerable members of Vietnamese society. This note provides a snapshot of results from the 2nd of five rounds of this survey series. Fieldwork for the second round was conducted from July 27 to August 12, 2020. During the first half of 2020, COVID-19 cases in Vietnam were well contained and appeared almost eradicated. However, after 99 days without any new COVID-19 cases, the Da Nang region re-entered lockdown after the emergence of a positive case on July 25th, 2020. While round one of the survey series (in June-July 2020) was conducted after the first lockdown, round two was collected right at the beginning of this second outbreak. The timing of fieldwork should be considered when considering trends
    DOI: 10.1596/34860
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    A Silver Lining : Productive and Inclusive Aging for Malaysia (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Abstract: In 2020, Malaysia passes a crucial milestone in its demographic trajectory and becomes an aging society. Driven by a precipitous decline in fertility accompanied by a sustained rise in life expectancy, in recent years Malaysia has seen an uptick in the pace of demographic change. Rapid aging will be one of the most crucial megatrends affecting Malaysia in coming decades, raising policy challenges in areas such as employment, income security, health care, and aged care. The term silver economy has been coined to encompass all sources of opportunities that arise from economic activities that serve the needs and demands of older persons. While rapid aging is crucially important and will become even more so in coming decades, through the right choice of policies, the government of Malaysia can help the country achieve productive and inclusive aging. The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented crisis with an enormous health and human toll, as well as exacerbated many of the policy challenges raised by aging both in the short term and more structurally. The report analyzes Malaysia's demographic, socioeconomic and macroeconomic contexts, as well as three select key policy areas where critical knowledge gaps exist-employment, income security, and aged care
    DOI: 10.1596/34887
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    Public-Private Partnerships for Investment and Delivery of Affordable Housing in Emerging Market Economies (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Urban Study
    Abstract: The role of the public sector in housing delivery in many developed economies evolved from government as builder in the post-War era in the 1950s when the government directly constructed and delivered housing to meet the daunting demand for housing, to government as enabler and regulator in the 1980s and 90s when governments retreated from direct provision but started to focus on facilitating the private sector to deliver housing effectively, and to assist the poorest segment of the population. The point of departure is the belief that housing is essentially a private good that is best provided by the market. Today, the government's role is therefore focused on Should read: (i) establishing the enabling environment for the private sector (including private individuals) to deliver housing; (ii) addressing the market failures; and (iii) avoiding and/or correcting government policy failures. However, challenges persist for low-income households to find affordable accommodation in locations that work for them. Such shortages of affordable housing are most pronounced in developing countries, which in recent decades have seen rapid urbanization and the proliferation of informal settlements, which are increasingly challenging for the public sector to address. As the private sector and public sector fail to provide adequate and affordable housing for the lower-end of the market segment at the pace and scale that is needed, governments have since the later 2000's repositioned themselves as partners, and increasingly as entrepreneurs, to catalyze - and reduce the risk for - the private sector's entry into the affordable housing markets
    DOI: 10.1596/34889
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    Monitoring Small-Scale Cross Border Trade in Africa : Issues, Approaches, and Lessons (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Foreign Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Capital Flows Study
    Abstract: This report synthesizes the work carried out as part of a World Bank ASA (Advisory Services and Analytics) activity to identify better systems and practical strategies that countries can use for improved monitoring of small-scale cross border trade (SSCBT). Large amounts of goods are known to be traded through cross border channels in Africa, yet SSCBT is poorly counted leading to a misrepresentation of the true state of regional integration and possible misalignment of trade and development policies. The study assesses the strengths and limitations of existing SSCBT data systems in East Africa to understand the feasibility and cost effectiveness of different data collection methods. It also looks at conditions along trade corridors in other regions of Africa where SSCBT data are only starting to be monitored to identify common bottlenecks and potential solutions for improved trade data collection in different environments. The analysis draws on fieldwork carried out during July and August 2019, as well as subsequent consultations with local counterparts, including with respect to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through this work, the study aims to inform policy in countries where SSCBT is important and where the establishment of monitoring systems will be relevant and desirable. The project also contributes to discussions and negotiations on regional integration by raising the profile of SSCBT and drawing attention to the importance of addressing barriers that limit this trade. In addition to this report, findings of the ASA are also being shared with a diverse audience of policymakers, economic analysts, and civil society representatives through short policy notes, working papers, and dissemination events
    DOI: 10.1596/34884
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    Philippines Economic Update, December 2020 : Building a Resilient Recovery (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: The Philippine economy contracted by 10.0 percent, year-on-year, in the first three quarters of 2020, given the triple shock brought by the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 delivered a triple shock of a health crisis, strict containment measures, and a global recession of unprecedented scale. The sharp contraction in the second quarter was driven by the steep dive in private domestic demand, deep contraction in public investment activities, and the collapse of trade due to the impact of strict containment measures domestically and globally. Most of the country entered a more relaxed community quarantine in mid-August with a gradual opening of businesses and government operations. Yet, the economy further contracted in the third quarter, albeit a modest improvement from the peak of the outbreak. Moreover, the country was hit by a series of strong typhoons which may cause delay on the pace of the recovery as economic activities were affected in some areas. This report will feature disaster risk management (DRM) challenges the country faces and policy recommendations to strengthen its fiscal, physical, and social resilience. The severity of the recession can be explained, first and foremost, by the collapse in private consumption, as containment measures led to a fall in employment and incomes. Private consumption contracted by 8.2 percent, its worst performance on record. This was in large part due to a combination of factors that crippled domestic demand, including record-high unemployment, declining incomes (including remittances), movement restrictions that suppressed consumption, and a historic decline in consumer confidence. The deepest contraction was registered in the consumption of non-essential goods and services and those that were affected by the implementation of strict containment measures, while essential goods such as food registered small positive growth. In particular, the combination of travel restrictions and weak consumer confidence which weighed on demand, resulted in a collapse in domestic tourism expenditures, which make up a fifth of private consumption
    DOI: 10.1596/34899
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    Global Experiences from Regulatory Sandboxes (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: Regulatory sandboxes have become synonymous with fintech innovation and offer the unique benefit of providing the empirical evidence needed to substantiate decisions. This paper on Global Experiences from Regulatory Sandboxes brings together detailed lessons learned and case studies from sandboxes across the globe. Our research has identified 73 sandboxes in 57 jurisdictions. This is currently the most up-to-date resource for sandboxes available and is supplemented with an interactive database on Key data from Regulatory Sandboxes across the globe
    DOI: 10.1596/34789
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    Global Development Finance 2004 (I. Analysis and Summary Tables) : Harnessing Cyclical Gains for Development (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821357409 , 9780821357408
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (248 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Development Finance
    Abstract: The external financing environment facing developing countries has brightened. In 2003, as global growth gained momentum, private capital flows to developing countries increased to
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    Guidelines for Selection and Employment of Consultants by World Bank Borrowers (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821358286 , 9780821358283
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (60 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The purpose of these Guidelines is to define the Bank's policies and procedures for selecting, contracting, and monitoring consultants required for projects that are financed in whole or in part by loans from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), credits or grants from the International Development Association (IDA), or grants from the Bank or trust funds administered by the Bank and executed by the beneficiary
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    World Development Report 2005 : A Better Investment Climate for Everyone (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821356828 , 9780821356821
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (288 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Report
    Abstract: Firms and entrepreneurs of all types-from microenterprises to multinationals-play a central role in growth and poverty reduction. Their investment decisions drive job creation, the availability and affordability of goods and services for consumers, and the tax revenues governments can draw on to fund health, education, and other services. Their contribution depends largely on the way governments shape the investment climate in each location-through the protection of property rights, regulation and taxation, strategies for providing infrastructure, interventions in finance and labor markets, and broader governance features such as corruption. The World Development Report 2005 argues that improving the investment climates of their societies should be a top priority for governments. Drawing on surveys of nearly 30,000 firms in 53 developing countries, country case studies, and other new research, the Report explores questions such as: What are the key features of a good investment climate, and how do they influence growth and poverty? What can governments do to improve their investment climates, and how can they go about tackling such a broad agenda? What has been learned about good practice in each of the main areas of the investment climate? What role might selective interventions and international arrangements play in improving the investment climate? What can the international community do to help developing countries improve the investment climates of their societies? In addition to detailed chapters exploring these and related issues, the Report contains selected data from the World Bank's new program of Investment Climate Surveys, the Bank's Doing Business Project, and World Development Indicators 2004-an appendix of economic and social data for over 200 countries. This Report offers practical insights for policymakers, executives, scholars, and all those with an interest in economic development
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    Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics 2004 : Accelerating Development (Bangalore conference proceedings) (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821358006 , 9780821358009
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (287 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics
    Abstract: The Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics (ABCDE) is one of the world's best known series of conferences for the presentation and discussion of new knowledge about development. First held at World Bank headquarters in Washington D.C. in 1988, the ABCDE has become broader in scope as the world's economies have become more interconnected and challenges have become more complex. Presenting the proceedings of the May 2003 World Bank Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics (ABCDE), the volume imparts new research findings and discussions on key policy issues related to poverty reduction by eminent scholars and practitioners from around the world. Topics include Fostering Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Growth; Challenges of Development in Lagging Regions; Participation, Inclusion and Results and Scaling Up and Evaluation. Contributors to the volume include, Nicholas Stern, Senior Vice President and Chief Economist of the World Bank; Azim Hasham Premji, Chairman of Bangalore's Wipro Corporation; Francois Bourguignon of the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Possiy, France; Partha Dasgupta of Cambridge University; Justin Lin of Hong Kong University; Rakesh Mohan, Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of India; Jean Philippe Platteau of the University of Namur, Belgium; Karen Polenske of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; T. N. Srinivasan, of Yale University; and Anthony Venables of the London School of Economics. The Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics 2004 is a critical reference guide for development research and will be of interest to practitioners and those studying international development and poverty reduction
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    The World Bank Research Program 2002-2003 : Abstracts of Current Studies (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821359363 , 9780821359365
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (202 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The World Bank's research program has four basic objectives: to broaden the understanding of development, to assist in developing research capacity in the Bank's member countries, to improve its capacity to advise its members, and to support all aspects of its own operations. Whether these aims are achieved depends in part on how extensively Bank research is used internally and externally. In early 2004, surveys were commissioned to assess the use of publications including Bank-wide research (annual flagship publications, Policy Research Reports, Policy Research Working Papers, and the two research journals) by Bank staff and by the Bank's clients. The findings lead to four main conclusions: clients use Bank research publications frequently, Bank research publications are influential, translations are important, and for external clients the Internet is an important source of information. The World Bank Research Program reports on research projects that were initiated, under way, or completed from July 2001 through June 2003 and, for the first time, it includes summaries of large research programs. These multiyear programs undertake analysis on several broad development related issues with the aim of providing strategic directions on critical problems facing Bank clients and operations. Each program centers on a theme giving coherence to the research and its outputs. This title addresses thematic programs such as investment climate, rural development, finance and trade
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    Global Monitoring Report 2004 : Policies and Actions for Achieving the Millennium Development Goals and Related Outcomes (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821358596 , 9780821358597
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (250 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Monitoring Report
    Abstract: The turn of the century was marked by some significant and promising events for world development. The Millennium Declaration - signed by 189 countries in September 2000 - led to the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals, which set clear targets for eradicating poverty and other sources of human deprivation. Following other major international meetings came broad agreement on the goals and strategies to achieve them. The task now is implementation - to translate vision into action. Drawing attention to priorities for action and related accountabilities, the new Global Monitoring Report provides an integrated assessment of the policies and actions needed to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. Produced in cooperation with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and other international partners, the Report assesses how the various parties-developing countries, developed countries, and international financial institutions-are playing their part under the agreed development partnership and highlights progress on the development policy agenda
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    World Development Indicators 2004 (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821357298 , 9780821357293
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (416 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: World Development Indicators, the World Bank's respected statistical publication presents the most current and accurate information on global development on both a national level and aggregated globally. This information allows readers to monitor the progress made toward meeting the goals endorsed by the United Nations and its member countries, the World Bank, and a host of partner organizations in September 2001 in their Millennium Development Goals. The 400-page print edition of World Development Indicators 2004 allows you to consult over 80 tables and over 800 indicators for 152 economies and 14 country groups, as well as basic indicators for a further 55 economies. There are key indicators for the latest year available, important regional data, and income group analysis. The report contains six thematic presentations of analytical commentary covering: World View, People, Environment, Economy, States and Markets, and Global Links. The CD-ROM editions contain 40 years of time series data for more than 200 countries from 1960-2002, single-year observations, and spreadsheets on many topics. It contains more than 1,000 country tables and the text from the World Development Indicators 2004 print edition and the World Bank Atlas 2003. The Windows® based format permits users to search for and retrieve data in spreadsheet form, create maps and charts, and fully download them into other popular software programs for study or presentation purposes
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    Global Development Finance 2004 (Complete Edition) : Harnessing Cyclical Gains for Development (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821357417 , 9780821357415
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (650 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Development Finance
    Abstract: The external financing environment facing developing countries has brightened. In 2003, as global growth gained momentum, private capital flows to developing countries increased to
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    The Health Sector in Eritrea (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821358766 , 9780821358764
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (112 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Studies
    Abstract: The Health Sector in Eritrea is part of the World Bank Country Study series. These reports are published with the approval of the subject government to communicate the results of the Bank's work on the economic and related conditions of member countries to governments and to the development community. In March 2001, the Ministry of Health of the Government of Eritrea launched a process to prepare a long-term health sector policy and strategic plan (HSPSP), with a focus on assuring equitable, quality, and sustainable health care. The Ministry outlined an open, participatory, three-step process for developing the HSPSP, with active participation from all partners in the health sector. Step One is the preparation of a health sector review carried out by the World Bank (this study), based on existing documentation provided by the Government and other sources. Step Two consists of conducting an in-depth health sector analysis among five sub-sector working groups-PHC, hospital reform, pharmaceuticals, human resource development, health financing-leading to Step Three, the preparation of a rationale for investments in the future development of the health sector. This study serves as the preliminary basis for further rounds of discussions and analyses among stakeholders to arrive at a strategic vision for the Eritrea health sector. It incorporates comments received from the Ministry of Health's central agencies, Zoba (regional) health teams, external partners working in Eritrea, and the World Bank Eritrea Country Team
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    The World Bank Annual Report 2004 : Volume 2, Financial Statements (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821359711 , 9780821359716
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (128 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Abstract: Contents of Volume 2: Letter of Transmittal, Management's Discussion and Analysis, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development Financial Statements and Internal Control Reports, and Special Purpose Financial Statements and Internal Control Reports of the International Development Association
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    Doing Business in 2005 : Removing Obstacles to Growth (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821357484 , 9780821357484
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (160 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Doing Business
    DDC: 338.5/1
    Abstract: Doing Business in 2005: Removing Obstacles to Growth is the second in a series of annual reports investigating the scope and manner of regulations that enhance business activity and those that constrain it. New quantitative indicators on business regulations and their enforcement can be compared across 145 countries-from Albania to Zimbabwe-and over time. The previous report, Doing Business in 2004: Understanding Regulation, presented indicators in five main topics: starting a business, hiring and firing workers, enforcing contracts, getting credit and closing a business. Doing Business in 2005 updates these measures and adds another two sets: registering property and protecting investors. The indicators are used to analyze economic and social outcomes, such as productivity, investment, informality, corruption, unemployment, and poverty, and identify what reforms have worked, where and why. In Doing Business in 2005, you will also find answers to such questions as: Which are the Top 10 reformer countries since last year? Which are the Top 20 economies for doing business? As well as which countries implemented more harmful regulations? Doing Business is a comprehensive resource that no investor, policymaker, or economic advisor should be without
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    Philippines : Country Procurement Assessment Report, Update (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Procurement Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The first Country Procurement Assessment Report (CPAR) was completed in June 2002 and published in March 2003. This CPAR has served as an analytical tool to help assess the public procurement system in the Philippines, and in the process, helped to generate a dialogue with the Government to improve procurement practices, and to help civil society and the private sector better understand the current processes, and procedures in place. The CPAR Update reviewes the status of the reforms, and finds that over 50 percent of the recommendations from the first CPAR have been completed, and another 26 percent are in progress. The key accomplishments include the passage and promulgation of the Government Procurement Reform Act, and implementing rules and regulations, the establishment and immediate functioning of a powerful Government Procurement Policy Board (GPPB) and its Technical Services Office, mandatory implementation of electronic procurement systems, a well-defined complaint mechanism and blacklisting procedures, provision for civil society monitoring, reasonable procurement audit provisions, numerous dissemination and training activities, and near-completion of harmonized bid documents and manuals. It is worth particularly noting that the new procurement policy has institutionalized the participation of civil society organizations in all bids, and awards committees, thus enhancing the integrity of the bidding process. There is still much to be done however. This Update identifies several emerging priorities, including the perception of high cost of some works and goods, and the eligibility of Philippine firms to compete for internationally financed contracts
    DOI: 10.1596/13881
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    Malawi : Country Procurement Assessment Report, Volume 3. Executive Summary (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Procurement Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Malawi Country Procurement Assessment Report is a joint undertaking between the Malawi Government and the World Bank to analyze the country procurement system and recommend appropriate actions to improve the efficiency, economy and transparency of the system. This report is divided into (a) an Executive Summary, (b) Main Report on Findings and Recommendations, and (c) Annexes. Since the preparation of the diagnostic study on Malawi's public procurement system in 1996, the Government has made good progress with establishing new - and relatively good - legal framework for procurement reform. But there has not yet been much reform (institutional, practical and oversight). In 2003, the Malawi Parliament passed a new procurement law, the Public Procurement Act of 2003, which became effective in August of that year. The new Procurement Act requires procurement regulations to provide, among things, thresholds for the use of the various procurement methods, bid and bid evaluation procedures and contract management. The analysis of the CPAR is carried out against the five basic pillars of a sound public procurement system, including: (i) a functioning legal, regulatory and institutional framework, (ii) use of modernized procurement procedures and practices; (iii) procurement proficiency of Government staff; (iv) independence of audits and recourse for complaints; and (v) inclusion of anti-corruption measures in the procurement law and application of effective sanctions. In addition, the CPAR analyses the performance of the private sector in public procurement and the procurement performance of Bank financed projects. The analysis has led to the recommendations made below, summarized in the Action Plan, to strengthen each pillar over time. Weaknesses in current procurement performance are identified as substantial delays in the procurement process, insufficient capacity, and inadequacies in procurement organization, documents and management. The continued reliance on the Interim Guidelines, which include a number of practices that are considered incompatible with internationally acceptable procurement standards, are also partially to blame for this
    DOI: 10.1596/15645
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    African Development Indicators 2004 : Drawn from the World Bank Africa Database (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821357204 , 9780821357200
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (436 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Africa Development Indicators
    Abstract: African Development Indicators 2004 provides the most detailed collection of data on Africa available in one volume. It contains more than 500 macroeconomic, sectoral, and social indicators, covering 53 African countries with data from 1970-2002. The book is grouped into 15 chapters: background data; national accounts; prices and exchange rates; money and banking; external sector; external debt and related flows; government finance; agriculture; power, communications, and transportation; public enterprises; labor force and employment; aid flows; social indicators; environmental indicators; and HIPC debt initiative. Each chapter begins with a brief introduction on the nature of the data and their limitations, followed by a set of statistical tables, charts, and technical notes that define the indicators and identify their specific source. Included this year are new tables on HIV/AIDS, Communications and Transportation, and the HIPC Debt Initiative. Designed to provide all those interested in Africa with a focused and convenient set of data to monitor development programs and aid flows in the region, this is an invaluable reference tools for analysts and policymakers who want a better understanding of the economic and social developments occurring in Africa
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    Sustaining forests : a development strategy (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821357557
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 80 p) , ill , 26 cm.
    Additional Material: 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 333.75
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Forest policy ; Forests and forestry Economic aspects ; Sustainable development ; Forest policy ; Forests and forestry Economic aspects ; Sustainable development ; World Bank ; Forest policy ; Forests and forestry ; Sustainable development ; Economic aspects
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-73)
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    World Development Report 2005 (English Overview) : A Better Investment Climate for Everyone (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821360051 , 9780821360057
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Firms and entrepreneurs of all types-from microenterprises to multinationals-play a central role in growth and poverty reduction. Their investment decisions drive job creation, the availability and affordability of goods and services for consumers, and the tax revenues governments can draw on to fund health, education, and other services. Their contribution depends largely on the way governments shape the investment climate in each location-through the protection of property rights, regulation and taxation, strategies for providing infrastructure, interventions in finance and labor markets, and broader governance features such as corruption. The World Development Report 2005 argues that improving the investment climates of their societies should be a top priority for governments. Drawing on surveys of nearly 30,000 firms in 53 developing countries, country case studies, and other new research, the Report explores questions such as: What are the key features of a good investment climate, and how do they influence growth and poverty? What can governments do to improve their investment climates, and how can they go about tackling such a broad agenda? What has been learned about good practice in each of the main areas of the investment climate? What role might selective interventions and international arrangements play in improving the investment climate? What can the international community do to help developing countries improve the investment climates of their societies? In addition to detailed chapters exploring these and related issues, the Report contains selected data from the World Bank's new program of Investment Climate Surveys, the Bank's Doing Business Project, and World Development Indicators 2004-an appendix of economic and social data for over 200 countries. This Report offers practical insights for policymakers, executives, scholars, and all those with an interest in economic development
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    The World Bank Annual Report 2004 : Volume 1 (Year in Review) (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821357719 , 9780821357712
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (124 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Abstract: Contents of Volume 1: Message from the Chairman, The Board of Executive Directors, The World Bank Group, The Development Agenda, Regional Perspectives, Thematic Perspectives, Improving Development Effectiveness, Summary of Fiscal 2004 Activities, and About the World Bank
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    The Little Data Book 2004 (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821357336 , 9780821357330
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (240 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: Now in its 6th edition, The Little Data Book 2004 is a pocket-sized ready reference on key development data for 206 countries. Profiles of each country include 54 key development indicators like: Population and population growth; GNI, GDP, GDP growth, Exports and Imports, and Gross Capital Formation; Deforestation, Water Use, Energy Use and Electricity Use per Capita; Life Expectancy, Fertility Rate, Child Malnutrition, Prevalence of HIV, Girls in Primary School; Paved Roads, Aircraft Departures, Personal Computers; High-technology exports, Foreign Direct Investment, Present Value of Debt, and Aid per Capita. Drawing on data from the World Bank's World Development Indicators 2004, The Little Data Book provides quick reference to the latest available data for World Bank member countries as well as other economies with populations of over 30,000. Separate tables summarize data for the World, by Region (East Asia and Pacific, Middle East and Africa, etc.), and Income Group. A helpful Glossary of Terms defines each indicator
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    Guidelines Procurement under IBRD Loans and IDA Credits (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821358294 , 9780821358290
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (56 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The purpose of these Guidelines is to inform those carrying out a project that is financed in whole or in part by loans from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) or a credit or grant from the International Development Association (IDA), of the policies that govern the procurement of goods, works, and services (other than consultant services) reqired for the project
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    Global Economic Prospects 2005 : Trade, Regionalism, and Development (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821357476 , 9780821357477
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (172 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Economic Prospects
    Abstract: The proliferation of regional trade agreements is fundamentally altering the world trade landscape. The number of agreements in force surpasses 200 and has risen eight-fold in two decades. Today as much as 40 percent of global trade takes place among countries that have some form of reciprocal regional trade agreement. Global Economic Prospects 2005: Trade, Regionalism, and Development addresses two questions: What are the characteristics of agreements that most promote-or hinder-development for member countries? Does the proliferation of agreements pose risks to the multilateral trading system, and if so, how can these risks be managed? The report argues that agreements leading to open regionalism-that is, deeper integration of trade as a result of low external tariffs, increased services competition, and efforts to reduce cross-border and customs delays costs-are effective as part of a larger trade strategy to promote growth. Such regional agreements can complement a strategy that, on the one hand, includes autonomous liberalization to promote productivity gains and, on the other hand, leverages domestic reforms to enhance market access. Although regional agreements can prove beneficial to member countries, they can have adverse effects on excluded countries. Lowering of border barriers around the world is crucial to minimizing these effects. The completion of the Doha Development Agenda by all countries in the World Trade Organization will reduce the risk of trade diversion associated with regional agreements and will decrease trade losses of countries excluded from agreements
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    The Little Green Data Book 2004 (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821357344 , 9780821357347
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (240 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: In its 3rd annual edition, The Little Green Data Book 2004 is a pocket-sized ready reference on key environmental data for over 200 countries. Key indicators are organized under the headings of agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, energy, emission and pollution, and water and sanitation. Profiles of each country include 48 key development indicators like: Population, Urban Population, Rural Population Density; GNI, GDP, Gross National Savings; Forest Area, Annual Deforestation; Agricultural Land, Fertilizer Consumption, Irrigated Land, Food Production Index; Mammal and Bird Species Threatened; Electric Power Consumption, GDP per unit of energy use; CO2 Emissions per Capita, Passenger Cars; Freshwater resources per capita, Access to Sanitation; Energy Depletion, Education Expenditure, Under-5 Mortality Rate. Drawing on data from the World Bank's World Development Indicators 2004, The Little Green Data Book provides quick reference to the latest available environmental data for World Bank member countries as well as other economies with populations of over 30,000
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    Global Economic Prospects 2004 Overview : Realizing the Development Promise of the Doha Agenda (2003)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821356488 , 9780821356487
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Economic Prospects
    Abstract: The overview of the Global Economic Prospects (GEP) 2004 addresses the Doha Agenda and its effects or failures on global trade integration. The document contains commentary and analysis of international trade and its effects on developing countries and the poor populations of more developed countries. The principle inequities in the global trading system are addressed as well as summarized conclusions from the larger GEP publication
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    The Little Green Data Book 2003 (2003)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821354272 , 9780821354278
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (240 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: The Little Green Data Book 2003 is a pocket-sized ready reference on key environmental data for over 200 countries. Key indicators are organized under the headings of agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, energy, emission and pollution, and water and sanitation. The World Bank's mission is to fight poverty for lasting results. Enhancing environmental quality, improving natural resource management, and maintaining global ecosystems are all important steps towards this goal, and The Little Green Data Book provides a baseline against which to measure progress
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    Global Development Finance 2003 Vol 1 & 2 (Complete Print Edition) : Striving for Stability in Development Finance (2003)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821354299 , 9780821354292
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (663 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Development Finance
    Abstract: Since the late 1990s, an essential shift has taken place in the pattern of private sector financial flows to developing countries. Debt flows have fallen sharply, while equity flows--primarily in the form of foreign direct investment--have remained comparatively robust. The shift from debt to equity ought to diminish the volatility of developing countries' external finance and improve their access to technology, markets, and management expertise. However, much more needs to be done to put development finance on a stable basis. Global Development Finance 2003 is unique in its depth of coverage of the issues related to international development finance. By putting all development-related flows in a consistent framework, the publication will allow government officials, economists, investors, financial consultants, academics, bankers, and the entire development community to better understand, manage, and promote the key challenges of financing development. Global Development Finance 2003, I: Analysis and Statistical Appendix is the World Bank's annual review of recent trends in and prospects for financial flows to developing countries. It also contains the World Bank's projections of the global outlook in view of the current global geopolitical uncertainties. Global Development Finance 2003, II: Summary and Country Tables includes a comprehensive set of tables with statistical data for 138 countries that report debt under the World Bank Debtor Reporting System, as well as summary data for regions and income groups. It contains data on total external debt stocks and flows, aggregates, and key debt ratios, and provides a detailed, country-by-country picture of debt
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    World Development Report 2004 ( Overview ) : Making Services Work for Poor People (2003)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821356372 , 9780821356371
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (26 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Report
    Abstract: Too often, services fail poor people-in access, in quality, and in affordability. But the fact that there are striking examples where basic services such as water, sanitation, health, education, and electricity do work for poor people means that governments and citizens can do a better job of providing them. Learning from success and understanding the sources of failure, this year's World Development Report, argues that services can be improved by putting poor people at the center of service provision. How? By enabling the poor to monitor and discipline service providers, by amplifying their voice in policymaking, and by strengthening the incentives for providers to serve the poor. Freedom from illness and freedom from illiteracy are two of the most important ways poor people can escape from poverty. To achieve these goals, economic growth and financial resources are of course necessary, but they are not enough. The World Development Report provides a practical framework for making the services that contribute to human development work for poor people. With this framework, citizens, governments, and donors can take action and accelerate progress toward the common objective of poverty reduction, as specified in the Millennium Development Goals
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    Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics 2003 : The New Reform Agenda (2003)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821353861 , 9780821353868
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (320 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics
    DDC: 330.9172/4
    Abstract: The World Bank's Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics (ABCDE) was held in Bangalore, India on May 21-23, 2003. The ABCDE, one of the world's best-known conferences on development, was held for the first time in a developing country. "Accelerating Development" was the theme of the 2003 conference. Eminent scholars and practitioners from around the world presented new research findings and discuss key policy issues related to poverty reduction at the conference. The ABCDE has been held annually in Washington DC since 1989; since 1999, a similar conference has been held each year in Europe. Starting with the 2003 conference in Bangalore, each of these conferences will be held in a developing country every other year. This change reflects the growing importance of research done in developing countries and the need to bring such conferences closer to participants in the developing world. Conference topics for the ABCDE in Bangalore included: Fostering Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Growth; Challenges of Development in Lagging Regions; Participation, Inclusion and Results; Scaling Up and Evaluation
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    Global Economic Prospects 2004 : Realizing the Development Promise of the Doha Agenda (2003)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821355821 , 9780821355824
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (336 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Economic Prospects
    Abstract: The Doha Development Agenda of the Fourth Ministerial Conference of the WTO opened many contentious and important questions. Global Economic Prospects 2004: Realizing the Development Promise of the Doha Agenda analyzes the most critical multilateral trade issues and suggests policy options that would raise living standards in developing countries and reduce global poverty. The fourteenth annual edition of Global Economic Prospects explores the short-, medium-, and long-term outlook for the global economy, including driving forces, commodity prices, and capital flows, and their implications for major regions. It reviews recent trends in exports from developing countries, trade barriers that work to the disadvantage of poor people, and policies to reduce protection and other inequities in the world trading system. Global Economic Prospects 2004 examines trade in agriculture-the most important and politically contentious sector for global poverty reduction-including key lessons from development experience, possible changes to the current system of subsidies and protection, and the potential for liberalization in both rich and poor countries. It investigates the temporary movement of labor-so-called Mode 4 of the General Agreement on Trade in Services-evaluating its advantages and disadvantages to both the home and the host countries, and discusses trade facilitation in light of post-9/11 concerns for security to suggest new policies that would promote greater and more-secure trade. Finally, Global Economic Prospects 2004 reviews the special treatment of developing countries in the world trading system and the role of trade preferences, exemptions from WTO rules, and technical assistance to implement WTO trade regulations. Global Economic Prospects 2004 provides essential information for those concerned with developments shaping today's global economy
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    The Little Data Book 2003 (2003)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821354264 , 9780821354261
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (240 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: The Little Data Book, a pocket-sized ready reference, contains key development data for 208 countries. The Little Data Book 2003 provides profiles of each country with 54 development indicators including: Population and population growth. GNI, GDP growth, Exports and Imports, and Gross Capital Formation. Deforestation, Water Use, Energy Use and Electricity Use per Capita. Life Expectancy, Fertility Rate, Child Malnutrition, Prevalence of HIV, Girls in Primary School. Paved Roads, Aircraft Departures, Personal Computers. High-technology exports, Foreign Direct Investment, Present Value of Debt, and Aid per Capita. Drawing on data from the World Development Indicators 2003, The Little Data Book 2003 provides a quick reference to the latest available data for World Bank member countries as well as other economies with populations of over 30,000
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    Zambia - Public Expenditure Management and Financial Accountability Review : Country Procurement Assessment Review, Annex (2003)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Integrative Fiduciary Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The challenges faced by Zambia in public expenditure management (PEM) have been longstanding, and will require targeted efforts, as well as a strong degree of political will to address. The recently launched constitutional review, which includes issues of public finance, the anti-corruption campaign of the new Government, and the renewed interest by Parliament in governance issues, and accountability have all been encouraging steps. Nevertheless, for Zambia to assure that public accountability is enduring, and not dependent upon the Government of the day, it must take steps to strengthen institutions of the State that can provide public oversight, and that promote basic checks and balances. This report provides a very detailed analysis of the country's PEM, and accountability processes. Yet, many of the recommendations are not new, but have been cited in previous reports of the Bank, and/or other donors. Effective implementation of public sector reforms will likely remain a challenge in Zambia. The limited capacity of Government suggests the need to target a few major aspects of public finance, and to address them persistently: improving compliance with existing regulations; strengthening the oversight institutions of the State; promoting public access to information; and, rebuilding information management, and reporting systems. The report also deals with the second objective of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP), i.e., with ways and methods by which the Government can ensure efficient, equitable, and transparent management of public resources. It also focuses on the dimension of governance, i.e., the effectiveness of government to be able to provide public services. The specific objectives of the report are to: (a) provide a comprehensive and integrated assessment of Zambia's overall fiduciary risk, i.e., budget management, financial systems and auditing, and public procurement; (b) document PEM reforms progress to-date, and challenges facing Zambia; and, (c) develop a realistic action plan, outlining short and medium term remedial measures, which the Government should implement with donor support
    DOI: 10.1596/14694
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    Tanzania : Country Procurement Assessment Report, Volume 2. Main Report and Annexes (2003)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Procurement Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This Country Procurement Assessment Report (CPAR)intends to determine the compatibility of national procurement law, and practices, with the principles of economy, and with international procurement practices. This CPAR, the second of its kind in Tanzania, looks at the legislative framework, the performance of regulatory functions, the enforcement regime, and the capacity of public sector institutions to conduct procurement, including the effects of corruption on procurement. Recommendations suggest to disseminate the new Local Government Authority Procurement regulations, and, establish the Public Procurement Appeals Authority with its necessary amendments of decentralizing procurement operations, while introducing mandatory time limits on various steps in the procurement process. Current procedures, and practices should further enforce rules on advertising, pre-qualification, submission and opening of bids, and the use of an evaluation criteria through regular audits, and effective sanctions. In addition, a credible complaints mechanisms should be in place, by strengthening the capacity of the Central Tender Board (CTB). In the short-term, operational, and regulatory functions should be separated from the CTB, decentralizing procurement to the ministerial level, establishing a Regulatory Authority (RA) to report directly to the Minister of Finance. In the medium-term, an information management system should link the RA with procuring entities, and, for the long-term, Government stores should be closed, introducing instead a system based on framework agreements
    DOI: 10.1596/14345
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    Global Development Finance 2003 Vol 1 (Analysis and Statistical Appendix) : Striving for Stability in Development Finance (2003)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821354280 , 9780821354285
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (252 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Development Finance
    Abstract: Since the late 1990s, an essential shift has taken place in the pattern of private sector financial flows to developing countries. Debt flows have fallen sharply, while equity flows--primarily in the form of foreign direct investment--have remained comparatively robust. The shift from debt to equity ought to diminish the volatility of developing countries' external finance and improve their access to technology, markets, and management expertise. However, much more needs to be done to put development finance on a stable basis. Global Development Finance 2003 is unique in its depth of coverage of the issues related to international development finance. By putting all development-related flows in a consistent framework, the publication will allow government officials, economists, investors, financial consultants, academics, bankers, and the entire development community to better understand, manage, and promote the key challenges of financing development. Global Development Finance 2003, I: Analysis and Statistical Appendix is the World Bank's annual review of recent trends in and prospects for financial flows to developing countries. It also contains the World Bank's projections of the global outlook in view of the current global geopolitical uncertainties
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    The World Bank Annual Report 2003 : Volume 1 Year in Review, Volume 2 Financial Statements and Appendixes (2003)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821355945 , 9780821355947
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (192 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Abstract: In a year blighted by tough economic conditions and global uncertainty, the World Bank has continued to support developing countries with strong financial aid, advice, and technical assistance. In the fiscal year ended June 30, 2003, the World Bank approved loans and grants totaling
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    World Development Report 2004 : Making Services Work for Poor People (2003)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 082135468X , 9780821354681
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (288 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Report
    Abstract: Too often, services fail poor people-in access, in quality, and in affordability. But the fact that there are striking examples where basic services such as water, sanitation, health, education, and electricity do work for poor people means that governments and citizens can do a better job of providing them. Learning from success and understanding the sources of failure, this year's World Development Report, argues that services can be improved by putting poor people at the center of service provision. How? By enabling the poor to monitor and discipline service providers, by amplifying their voice in policymaking, and by strengthening the incentives for providers to serve the poor. Freedom from illness and freedom from illiteracy are two of the most important ways poor people can escape from poverty. To achieve these goals, economic growth and financial resources are of course necessary, but they are not enough. The World Development Report provides a practical framework for making the services that contribute to human development work for poor people. With this framework, citizens, governments, and donors can take action and accelerate progress toward the common objective of poverty reduction, as specified in the Millennium Development Goals
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    The World Bank Legal Review : Law and Justice for Development (2003)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821350641 , 9780821350645
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (676 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Law, Justice, and Development
    Abstract: Sustainable poverty reduction and equitable economic development depend on the solid foundation of the rule of law. These reforms are underpinned by legal reform, whether it be to increase efficiency in business transactions, benefit from globalization policies, improve the way governments deliver essential services, or facilitate access to a more efficient and effective justice system. Internationally, rules and frameworks of cooperation are required in order to confront new global threats, such as communicable diseases, attacks on the environmental commons, destabilizing capital movements, and money laundering. The World Bank Legal Review, the first in a new annual series, offers a combination of legal scholarship, lessons from experience, legal developments, and recent reports on the many ways in which the application of law and the improvement of justice systems promote poverty reduction, economic development, and the rule of law. This book, produced by the Legal Vice Presidency of the World Bank, is a publication for policymakers and their legal advisers, attorneys and other professionals involved in the area of international development
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    World Development Indicators 2003 (2003)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821354221 , 9780821354223
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (416 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: World Development Indicators (WDI) is the World Bank's premier annual compilation of data about development. The 400-page print edition allows users to consult 600 indicators for 152 economies and 14 country groups in more than 87 tables. A current overview of the most recent data available as well as important regional data and income group analysis are presented in six thematic chapters: World View, People, Environment, Economy, States and Markets, and Global Links. Sample indicator topics include: Population & demographics Poverty & income distribution Energy Production & Use Urbanization Emissions Adjusted Savings Purchasing Power Parity Exports & Imports Balance of Payments External Debt Tax and Trade Policies Military Expenditures Transportation Development Assistance & Aid Information Technology Education & health Travel & Tourism GDP, GNI, etc. Reliable quantitative data is essential for understanding economic and social development because it provides evidence-evidence to set policies, monitor progress, and evaluate results. World Development Indicators allows users to monitor progress toward the Millennium Development Goals. These goals, agreed to by all member states of the United Nations, establish specific, measurable targets for development in the early 21st century. In addition to the most recent data presented in the print edition, complete time-series data from 1960 onwards are available in the CD-ROM and online versions of World Development Indicators
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    Private solutions for infrastructure in Honduras (2003)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821353667 , 9780821353660
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (160 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This book is designed to promote the development of infrastructure services in Honduras, with the aim of improving the country's competitiveness and contributing to poverty reduction. Its central argument is that Honduras needs a significant increase in private investment in infrastructure services, which should take place in a more competitive environment and be subject to an adequate legal and regulatory framework. The study details the progress to date in Honduran infrastructure sectors, identifying the principal problems that exist and outlining a strategy for their solution. It proposes a general set of principles that should guide the provision of infrastructure services. In addition, it recommends specific policies for each sector. The document's scope includes the following services: transportation, water and sanitation, electricity, and telecommunications
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    Rural poverty alleviation in Brazil : toward an integrated strategy (2003)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821352067
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xi, 267 p) , ill , 25 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 339.4/6/0981091734
    Keywords: Economic assistance ; Poverty ; Rural poor ; Economic assistance ; Poverty ; Rural poor ; Economic assistance ; Poverty ; Rural poor
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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    Doing business in 2004 : Understanding Regulation (2003)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821353411 , 9780821353417
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (240 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Doing Business
    Abstract: An important new annual publication from the World Bank, Doing Business in 2004 provides both qualitative and quantitative information on the business climate in over 130 countries. Doing Business constructs a new set of indicators on the regulatory environment for private sector development and provides a collection of informative case studies of real-life experiences. Doing Business in 2004 covers the fundamental aspects of a business life cycle, from starting a business to bankruptcy. Topics include access to credit, bankruptcy, entry regulations, contract enforcement, and labor regulations. Unique in its approach, Doing Business provides both the accurate data and in-depth analysis necessary to assess the environment for doing business, and offers answers to these critical questions: Which is the most expensive country for starting a new business? Which countries have the most rigid regulations on hiring and firing? Which countries have the most extensive business entry procedures? Why does heavy regulation lead to inefficiency and corruption? What countries are most efficient in the area of contract enforcement? How do clearly-defined property rights enhance prosperity? What are the most successful regulatory models? Why? Over the next two years, Doing Business will address additional topics, indicator sets will be updated and the collection of case-studies added to. Through its ambitious agenda, Doing Business will provide an understanding of business environments throughout the world, the factors that influence them, and how conducive they are to private sector development. Doing Business is a comprehensive resource for investors, economic advisers, business developers and policymakers
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    Civil service reform : strengthening World Bank and IMF collaboration (2002)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821350951
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 84 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 351
    Keywords: International Monetary Fund ; World Bank ; International Monetary Fund ; World Bank ; Development banks ; International finance ; Development banks ; International finance ; International Monetary Fund ; World Bank ; Development banks ; International finance
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-80) and index
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    World Development Indicators 2002 (2002)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821350889 , 9780821350881
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (432 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: This is the sixth edition of the World Development Indicators in its current format, the 25th since the World Bank began publishing a comprehensive set of development indicators. It begins with a report on the Millennium Development Goals, which set specific, measurable targets for development in the early 21st century. To measure progress, results have to be measured and for that good statistics are needed. Most of the statistics in this report are produced by national statistical agencies. The World Bank supports investments to improve the quality of statistics through a wide range of efforts. The Bank is a member of the Partnership in Statistics for the 21st Century, the Bank is working closely with its development partners to raise awareness of the need for the value of good statistics and to increase the resources available for statistical capacity building in developing countries. The World Bank Institute is offering training programs to build statistical capacity building in the countries preparing poverty reduction strategies. Through the International Comparison Programme (ICP), the Bank is working to improve the quality of data for comparing standards of living across countries. The Bank has established a trust fund for building statistical capacity
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    GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCE 2002 Vol 1 and Vol 2 Complete Edition : Financing the Poorest Countries. ANALYSIS AND SUMMARY TABLES, COUNTRY TABLES (2002)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821350862 , 9780821350867
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (650 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Development Finance
    Abstract: There is a more recent edition of this title available! This is an annual publication; the new edition is available for ordering or pre-ordering. Global Development Finance 2003 Vol 1 & 2 (Complete Print Edition)
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    World Development Report 2003 : Sustainable Development in a Dynamic World: Transforming Institutions, Growth, and Quality of Life (2002)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821351508 , 9780821351505
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (272 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Report
    Abstract: Three billion people will be added to the world's population over the next 50 years and 2.8 billion people today already live on less than
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    The Inspection Panel : Annual Report, August 1, 2001 to June 30, 2002 (2002)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821353357 , 9780821353356
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (84 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Inspection Panel Annual Reports
    Abstract: This Annual Report covering the period August 1, 2001 to June 30, 2002, has been prepared by the members of the Inspection Panel for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Development Association in accord with resolution authorizing it to provide independent judgment in cases where it is asserted that the rights and interests of parties are adversely affected by the Bank's failure to follow its operating policies and procedures in the design, appraisal, and/or implementation of Bank lending operations. In fiscal year 2002, the Panel received and registered three new Requests for Inspection relating to 1) The Uganda Third Power Project and the subsequently approved Bujagali Hydropower Project; 2) the Papua New Guinea Governance Promotion Adjustment Loan; and 3) the Paraguay Reform Project for the Water and Telecommunications Sectors and the Argentina SEGBA V Power Distribution Project. Also, the Panel continued work on the two Requests received in fiscal 2001: the Chad Petroleum Development and Pipeline Project, and the India Coal Sector Environmental and Social Mitigation Project. In this year, the Panel also continued work on revisions of its 1994 Operating Procedures, and in response to the Executive Directors'stated desire to make the Panel better known, the Panel continued its outreach efforts
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    Global Economic Prospects 2003 : Investing to Unlock Global Opportunities (2002)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821353381 , 9780821353387
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (242 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Economic Prospects
    Abstract: Strong cyclical dynamics, together with an easing of macroeconomic policies in the United States and elsewhere, have boosted large parts of the global economy, into the initial phase of a recovery in 2002. Nonetheless, the global recovery is fragile, because investment spending is insufficient to underpin continuing growth, although long-term prospects remain promising. Although global competition is creating new opportunities for developing countries, harnessing globalization requires reducing barriers to competition, using targeted interventions carefully, but essentially, supported by sound public investments. International agreements on investment, and competition policies can provide benefits through reciprocity, while agreements on investment policy are likely to have strong development effects, only if they deal with the big issues facing developing countries. Consequently, competition agreements should focus on restraints to competition that hurt developing countries: policy barriers in markets abroad; private restraints on competition; and, trade restraints officially sanctioned
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    World Development Report 2003 (Overview) : Sustainable Development in a Dynamic World: Transforming Institutions, Growth, and Quality of Life (2002)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821351877 , 9780821351871
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (36 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Three billion people will be added to the world's population over the next 50 years and 2.8 billion people today already live on less than
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  • 83
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    Building peace in South East Europe : macroeconomic policies and structural reforms since the Kosovo conflict (2002)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 082135082X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (v, 38 p) , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 339.5/09496
    Keywords: Yugoslav War, 1991-1995 Congresses Economic aspects ; Yugoslav War, 1991-1995 ; Balkan Peninsula ; Balkan Peninsula Congresses Economic conditions ; Balkan Peninsula Congresses Economic policy
    Note: "A joint World Bank-International Monetary Fund paper for the Second Regional Conference for South East Europe, Bucharest,25-26 October, 2001
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  • 84
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    Turkish State Railway : Options for Reform (2002)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: During the 1990s, the Turkish economy was beset by frequent economic crises. Fiscal imbalances, high inflation rates, and the subsequent stop and go economic cycles hit the Turkish economy, slowing growth and plunging the country into recession. Spiraling debt and interest payments coupled with failures in financial systems resulted in significant financial crises in late 2000 and early 2001. The Government of Turkey initiated a number of economic reforms to contain spending, cut its deficit, reduce inflation, and provide a basis for renewed economic growth. The Government has mapped out a structural reform program encompassing measures to address the biggest sources of fiscal deficits, strengthen the legal and regulatory frameworks, and accelerate the privatization of the remaining state enterprises. Reform of the Turkish State Railways (TCDD) is one of the main targets for change. Over the past few decades, TCDD has fallen into a financial crisis from which it will not be able to emerge without a dramatic restructuring of its governance and organization. TCDD operates the state railway, the seven largest ports, and manufactures and repairs locomotives, wagons and passenger coaches. As an enterprise, TCDD is the largest money loser among Turkey's public sector enterprises
    DOI: 10.1596/26066
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  • 85
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    Georgia : Country Procurement Assessment Report (2002)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Procurement Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In light of its strategy for an accelerated transition to a market economy, Georgia has made tremendous efforts to provide a legal base for the required changes, and has adopted a multitude of laws at a rapid pace, starting in 1993. With the notable exception of enforcement provisions, the scope of existing Georgian legal instruments, would be adequate to control the procurement process in Georgia, if they were widely followed. The main issue is not the lack of legislation, but rather the effective application of the legislation that is already in place. Nevertheless, the Government's determination, and technical assistance provided under a Bank Institutional Development Fund, public procurement is now guided by a single overarching law. But, despite an acceleration in establishing a sound legal framework, the procurement reform agenda has not yet been completed, and procurement reform is going very slowly. Within this context, this Country Procurement Assessment Report (CPAR) recommends that: the list of procurement, identified as relating to national security, be cleared by the State Procurement Agency (SPA) to ensure that Power Bodies procure general items in accordance with the Law on State Procurement (LSP); foreign bidders be allowed greater access, and open and restricted bidding be more broadly applied; the state procurement agency be given a truly independent status, beyond the reach of influence of the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Trade, for it needs to be free to implement its mandate as a regulating and monitoring body that ensures compliance with the LSP. Given recent political developments to establish a Cabinet of Ministers, the CPAR further recommends that the current governance structure be reconsidered, and that the SPA be put under the Cabinet's control, provided with proper funding from the State budget, essential for it to implement its functions successfully; and finally, the CPAR recommends a full range of legal, regulatory, budgetary, training, dissemination, audit reform, and value-shifting measures to establish incentives for complying with the procurement law in particular, and to foster the growth of a culture of compliance in general
    DOI: 10.1596/13885
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  • 86
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    GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCE 2002 Vol 1 : Financing the Poorest Countries. ANALYSIS AND SUMMARY TABLES (2002)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821350854 , 9780821350850
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (267 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Development Finance
    Abstract: There is a more recent edition of this title available! This is an annual publication; the new edition is available for ordering or pre-ordering. Global Development Finance 2003 Vol 1 & 2 (Complete Print Edition)
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  • 87
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    The World Bank Annual Report 2002 : Volume 2: Financial Statements and Appendixes (2002)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821351575 , 9780821351574
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (160 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Abstract: This annual report covers the period from July 1, 2001, to June 30, 2002, and is prepared by the Executive Directors of both the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA). The first of two volumes discusses the World Bank's goals and strategies; overviews Bank activities in fiscal year 2002; examines progress on the Millennium Development Goals and project and loan performance; addresses the social, institutional, and economic dimensions of poverty; presents regional analyses of Bank operations; and provides organizational information. The second volume comprises the complete Management's Discussion and Analysis, audited financial statments of the IBRD and IDA, and appendixes
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  • 88
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    The Little Data Book 2002 (2002)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821351028 , 9780821351024
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (240 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: This is the pocket edition of the World Development Indicators for 2002, intended as a quick reference for users. It presents the latest available data for World Bank member countries, and other economies with populations of more than 30,000. The 14 summary pages cover regional and income group aggregates. The data in this book are for 1990, 1999, and 2000 or the most recent year unless otherwise noted in the glossary
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  • 89
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    1999 annual review of development effectiveness (2002)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821347063 , 9780821347065
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (116 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Comprehensive Development Framework (CDF), launched by the President of the World Bank in January 1999, is a response to the alarming trends of increased world poverty and dimmed growth prospects, inequality and instability, stagnant aid flows, and public dissatisfaction with the efficacy of development assistance. The CDF focuses on a holistic, broad-based approach to development assistance; domestic ownership; partnerships among government, local communities, the private sector, civil society, and development agencies; and the results achieved from development. Being too early to evaluate this initiative, the 1999 Annual Review of Development Effectiveness instead examines the lessons of development experience through the lens of these CDF principles. As in past years, the Review tracks the Bank's operational performance based on the findings of recent OED evaluations. The Review draws on extensive evaluation evidence, literature reviews and research findings, country assistance evaluations, background papers, and workshops to identify the tensions and dilemmas likely to be involved in CDF implementation. It identifies promising approaches to meeting the challenges implicit in CDF implementation. Finally, it draws broad implications for the Bank's future development effectiveness
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  • 90
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    The Little Green Data Book 2002 (2002)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821351036 , 9780821351031
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (240 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: The Little Green Data Book represents a succinct collection of information from the World Development Indicators 2002, and its accompanying CD-ROM. The data compiled in this issue corresponds to the period between 1997 and 2000, unless otherwise noted, for the headings of agriculture, forests, biodiversity, energy, emissions and pollution, water and sanitation, and "greener" national accounts aggregates - 2000, with key indicators of the environment, and its relationship to people for more than 200 countries. Regional data include only low- and middle-income economies, and, aggregates for regions, and income groups are shown only if data are available for 66 percent of the economies in that group. Countries included have populations of more than 30,000, or are World Bank members
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  • 91
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    Ethiopia : Country Procurement Assessment Report, Volume 2. Data and Analysis (2002)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Procurement Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The CPAR has reviewed the Ethiopian procurement system against the generally accepted international principles of sound procurement fiduciary management, meeting the criteria of transparency, economy and efficiency necessary for an optimal use of scarce public funds. These criteria are: (i) existence of a comprehensive and transparent legal framework, including a clear, well defined organizational structure to ensure the application of procurement laws with adequate monitoring; (ii) the use of modernized procurement procedures and practices; (iii) a proficient and evenly distributed procurement staff; (iv) existence of an independent control mechanism, including a functioning system to treat bidders' complaints and carry out independent audits, and (v) anti-corruption measures with effective sanctions. Using these benchmarks, the team has found that these criteria are only partially satisfied in Ethiopia, and that improvements are necessary
    DOI: 10.1596/15269
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  • 92
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    World Development Indicators 2001 (2001)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821348981 , 9780821348987
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (400 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Keywords: E-Business ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Population Policies ; Private Sector Development ; E-Business ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Population Policies ; Private Sector Development ; E-Business ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Population Policies ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: Now in its 5th edition, the World Bank's respected statistical reference publication provides a comprehensive view of the world economy. The print edition contains over 80 tables and 600 indicators for 148 economies and 14 country groups, with basic indicators for a further 59 economies. The book contains new tables on social indicators of poverty and global environmental issues. This year's edition retains the basic thematic presentation with six sections covering World View, People, Environment, Economy, States and Markets, and Global Links. World Development Indicators 2001 contains a wealth of information including: A special graphical report on progress toward International Development Goals. The most recent data on poverty, education, health, and the environment from around the world. New data on gender and development drawn from the World Bank's recent policy research report. New data on the digital divide and how Information Communication Technology is changing the process of development. New data on the world economy
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    The Inspection Panel : Annual Report, August 1, 2000 to July 31, 2001 (2001)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821350366 , 9780821350362
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (44 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Inspection Panel Annual Reports
    Abstract: This Annual Report, which covers the period August 1, 1999 to July 31, 2000, has been prepared by the members of the Inspection Panel for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA) in accordance with the Resolution that established the Panel. The Report is circulated to the President and Executive Directors of both institutions. Subject ot Board approval, the three-member Panel is empowered to investigate problems that are alleged to have arisen as a result of the Bank not having complied with its own operating policies and procedures
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  • 94
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    A Strategy for Slovakia's Transport Sector (2001)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Slovakia's transport sector has not suffered from the dramatic reductions in demand and neglect of its infrastructure that have afflicted many of its neighbors. However, current under-maintenance is eating away at the stock of transport infrastructure and is unsustainable in anything more than the very short term. In addition, despite good intentions, progress on commercializing its transport operations has not progressed far enough to put them in a strong position to confront the pressures they will face when Slovakia enters the European Union, hopefully at the beginning of 2004. There is now a short window of opportunity to make good on deferred maintenance, establish a more sustainable maintenance regime and make good on the previous good intentions for commercialization. The opportunity exists also for the institutional structure of the sector to be revised so as to better reflect the interests of transport users, reform the way that infrastructure is financed and to systematically eliminate the remaining regulatory protections given to existing operators. The Strategy presented here shows how these objectives can best be reached, and how the World Bank can help bring them about. If the Strategy is implemented, action will have been taken before there is a problem and order will have been introduced before disorder takes over
    DOI: 10.1596/25940
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  • 95
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    Combating Corruption in the Philippines : An Update (2001)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Economic and Sector Work Reports
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The war against corruption in the Philippines has taken a fresh turn with the inauguration of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on January 20, 2001, and the subsequent installation of the new government. Addressing corruption was one of the new administration's announced priorities, but a detailed anticorruption strategy and detailed action plan have yet to emerge. As this report notes, the deterioration of the governance environment in 2000 seems to have taken a heavy toll on investor confidence . The report also notes that several new initiatives were born during 2000-01 as the need for combating corruption was felt more widely and urgently. This need for concrete and visible actions to combat corruption still exists, maybe to a greater degree now than in the past. Chapter 1 discusses the 9-point approach to fighting corruption in the Philippines as proposed by the World Bank in November 1999 which comprises policy reforms and deregulation, reforming campaign finance, increasing public oversight, reforming the budget process, improving meritocracy in civil services, targeting selected agencies, enhancing sanctions, developing private sector partnerships, and supporting judicial reform. Chapter 2 discusses the widening government deficit begun in late 1999 and the events shaping this change. Chapter 3 highlights the areas where progress was made during this time and focuses on the emergence of new initiatives. Finally, Chapter 4 addresses the new Government's commitment
    DOI: 10.1596/15435
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  • 96
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    The Little Data Book 2001 (2001)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821349023 , 9780821349021
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (240 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Little Data Book 2001 provides a pocket-sized ready reference on key development data by country. The book presents 54 indicators for 207 countries and regional and income country groups.The Little Data Book is intended as a pocket reference tool for readers of World Development Indicators 2001 as well as for instructors, researchers, and students who work with development data. The Little Data Book 2001 can be purchased separately or as a set with the World Bank Atlas 2001
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  • 97
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    Inspection Panel Report : Annual Report, August 1, 1999 to July 31, 2000 (2001)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821349260 , 9780821349267
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (76 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Inspection Panel Annual Reports
    Abstract: This Annual Report, which covers the period August 1, 1999 to July 31, 2000, has been prepared by the members of the Inspection Panel for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA) in accordance with the Resolution that established the Panel. The Report is circulated to the President and Executive Directors of both institutions. Subject ot Board approval, the three-member Panel is empowered to investigate problems that are alleged to have arisen as a result of the Bank not having complied with its own operating policies and procedures
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  • 98
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    World Development Report 2002 (Overview) : Building Institutions for Markets (2001)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821350161 , 9780821350164
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (20 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Markets should give incentives to engage in wider trade, forge the ability to use resources, and skills fully, and provide the opportunity to increase incomes, and accumulate assets. Despite underlying problems, many people in both developed, and developing countries do engage in productive, and rewarding market activity, for income from market participation is the key to economic growth for nations, and to reducing poverty for individuals. This report is about enhancing opportunities for poor people in markets, and empower them, provided regulatory frameworks, law enforcement, and organizational promotion accompany market transactions. Hence, building institutions that support the development of markets is the primary focus of this report, analyzing what institutions do to promote growth, and facilitate access, and suggesting how to build effective institutions. In understanding what drives institutional change, the report emphasizes the importance of history, highlighting the need to ensure effective institutions through: a design that complements existing institutions, human capabilities, and available technologies; innovations to identify both institutions that work, and those that do not; communities of market players connected through open information, and trade; and, the promotion of competition among jurisdictions, firms, and individuals. This overview is a presage to the World Development Report 2002, which shows that institutional strength ensures stable, and inclusive growth
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  • 99
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    Procurement of Goods : Revised January 2001 (Standard Bidding Documents) (2001)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821349155 , 9780821349151
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (90 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Keywords: Business Development Services ; Private Sector Development ; Business Development Services ; Private Sector Development ; Business Development Services ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: These Standard Bidding Documents (SBD) have been prepared by the World Bank for use by borrowers and their implementing agencies in the procurement of goods through International Competitive Bidding (ICB). The procedures and practices presented in this document have been developed through broad international experience, and are mandatory for use in projects that are financed in whole or in part by the Bank
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  • 100
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    Anti-Corruption Diagnostic for Argentina : An Overview of Three Reports and General Recommendations, Volume 1. Main Report (2000)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In mid-1999, the World Bank initiated diagnostic studies of three topics relevant to improving public sector transparency in Argentina. The topics proposed for study--procurement, the detection and investigation of corrupt acts, and the role of public information--were seen to be critical to any Argentine Government program to combat corruption. The three resulting papers (to be attached as Annexes) are synthesized in the present overview which provides a number of specific recommendations for imprvements and a suggested course of action for the future. The research focused almost exclusively on the federal government, but holds lessons for the other levels (provincial and municipal) as well. The report describes the situation prior to the assumption of office by President Fernando de la Rua (December 10, 1999). President De la Rua has begun an anti-corruption program, which is addressing many of the problems identified here. This report does not and cannot assess these new efforts. The attached consultants' reports should be read with that understanding
    DOI: 10.1596/15527
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