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  • World Bank Group  (3,409)
  • Edward Elgar Publishing  (2,051)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Handbook of migration and globalisation (2024)
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9781800887657
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource ( xviii, 424 Seiten)
    Edition: Second edition
    Series Statement: Handbooks on globalisation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Handbook of migration and globalisation
    Keywords: Globalization Social aspects ; Globalization Government policy ; Emigration and immigration Government policy
    Abstract: "This thoroughly revised and updated Handbook brings together an international range of contributors to highlight the deep interdependence between migration and globalisation and explore the impact of economic, social and political globalisation on international population flows. It provides an interdisciplinary perspective on a discussion that has been intensifying and diversifying over the past 25 years. Chapters provide an overview of important research questions, relevant literature, main approaches and findings in the field, and set out future challenges facing the international community. Particular focus is paid to the global economy, dynamics of interregional and internal migration, links between global migration and climate change and the cultural ramifications of migration. In this revised second edition chapters consider the interlinking issues of migration and health, climate change and human mobility, and the use of digital technologies in the governance of migration and asylum systems. Exploring the multifaceted linkages between two of the most important socio-economic phenomena of our time, this Handbook will prove an ideal resource for researchers and journalists focused on international relations and migration. It will also be useful for scholars and students of social and public policy, sociology, political science, geography, migration development and legal theory"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Migration and globalization: Dynamics and contradictions / Anna Triandafyllidou -- Part I: Globalization and migration: An Introduction -- 2. An international human rights framework for migration in a globalizing world / Idil Atak -- 3. International organizations and migration governance / Sabine Dini, Shoshana Fine and Antoine Pécoud -- 4. The globalized civil society in migration governance / Oleg Korneev -- 5. The intersection of migration governance, globalization, and advancements in technology: Changes in the ecosystem and emerging complexities / Lucia Nalbandian -- 6. Migration policy and global health: Past, present, and future / Bernadette N. Kumar and Sneha Ojha -- 7. Human smuggling: A global migration industry / Ilse van Liempt -- 8. Migrant labour recruitment in a globalizing world / Fabiola Mieres -- Part II: The global economy, trade, and migration -- 9. The trade-migration nexus: The roles of regional trade agreements, diaspora networks, and corporations / Stein Monteiro -- 10. Migration and development: The role of remittances / Bilesha B. Weeraratne -- 11. Migration and innoviation: The case of India / Jajati Keshari Parida and K. Ravi Raman -- 12. Migration, education and crime: Evidence from 20. Years of research / Matteo Sandi -- Part III: Regional migration governance and interlocking dynamics of internal, inter-regional, and international migration -- 13. Internal and international migration dynamics in Africa / Mary Boatemaa Setrana and Michael Okyerefo -- 14. The globalization-migration nexus across China's internal and international human movements / Qian Zhang and Xiaoyi Wang -- 15. Eurasian migration towards Russia: Old and new regional dynamics in the era of globalization / Irina Molodikova -- 16. Regional governance of migration in South America / Diego Acosta and Luisa Feline Freier -- 17. Circular labour migration governance in asia / Richa Shivakoti -- 18. The governance of migration in Europe: Beyond fragmentation? / Andrew Geddes -- 19. Governance and politics of migration in the middle east / Zeynep Sahin Mencutek and Umran Gurses -- 20. Regional migration dynamics in southern Africa / Pragna Rugunanan -- Part IV: Migration, globalization, and climate change -- 21. Migration and climate change in the pacific / John R. Campbell and Richard Bedford -- 22. Climate change and migration / Fanny Thornton -- 23. Climate change and mobility in central asia / Kathleen Hermans -- Part V: Cultural perspectives on migration in a global era -- 24. Transnational family dynamics in pandemic times: The view from asia / Brenda S.A. Yeoh, Franchesca Morais, Theodora Lam and Shirlena Hu -- 25. Transnational families in the era of global mobility / Loretta Baldassar, Majella Kilkey, Laura Merla and Raelene Wilding -- 26. The gender-migration nexus: Debates and main issues / Sabrina Marchetti -- Index.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Kapitel 14 OA erschienen
    DOI: 10.4337/9781800887657
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    An introduction to war studies (2024)
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9781802203325
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (252 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als An introduction to war studies
    DDC: 355.02
    RVK:
    MK 3100
    Keywords: War Study and teaching ; War ; Security, International ; Conflict management ; International relations Study and teaching ; War and society ; Peace-building ; Krieg ; Kollektive Sicherheit ; Internationaler Konflikt ; Disziplin ; Friedensforschung ; Konfliktforschung ; Internationale Politik ; Friede ; Theorie ; Forschung ; Guerre ; Relations internationales - Étude et enseignement ; Guerre et société ; Consolidation de la paix ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Kriegführung ; Militärwissenschaft ; Politische Wissenschaft ; Friedensforschung
    Abstract: "Commemorating 60 years of War Studies at King's College London, this incisive and adroitly crafted book acts as a comprehensive introduction to the multidisciplinary field of war, conflict and security. Adopting a global approach, it adeptly navigates a broad spectrum of themes and theoretical perspectives which lie at the heart of this important area of study. Bringing together contributions from an array of esteemed scholars, An Introduction to War Studies covers a diverse range of topics, including international relations theories and approaches, conflict, security and development, peace and security, intelligence and international security, the history of war, conflict resolution, strategic communication, and terrorism and society. Providing concise and thematic focus, expert contributors survey the current state of knowledge within the field and explore opportunities for future scholarly inquiry. An authoritative and seminal contribution to the study of war and conflict, this book will be essential for academics, researchers, and students of war, peace and conflict, terrorism and security, and strategic studies as well as international relations and international studies."--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Foreword -- Sir lawrence freedman -- Preface and acknowledgements -- 1. War studies at king's college London.James Gow, Lawrence Freedman and Rachel Kerr -- 2. Conflict resolution in deeply divided societies / Stacey Gutkowski, Michael Kerr and Craig Larkin -- 3. Conflict, security and development / Mats Berdal -- 4. History of war / Alan James -- 5. Intelligence and international security / Huw Dylan and David Easter -- 6. International conflict studies: Critical perspectives on conflict and security / Vivenne Jabri, Leonie Ansems de Vries, Kiran Phull and Stephan Engelkamp -- 7. International peace and security / James Gow, Natasha Kuhrt and Maria Varaki -- 8. International relations and war: Complexity, interdisciplinarity, analytical plurality / Pablo de Orellana -- 9. International relations today: A long list of theories! / Mervyn Frost -- 10. National security studies / John Gearson, Hillary Briffa and Joe Devanny -- 11. Science and international security / Hassan Elbahtimy and Filippa Lentzos -- 12. Strategic communications: Shaping a new century / Neville Bolt -- 13. Terrorism, security and society / Shiraz Maher and Alexander Meleagrou-Hitchens -- 14. War studies online / David Banks, David Easter and Anne-Lucie Norton -- 15. War studies / Jan Willem Honig.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.4337/9781802203325
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  • 3
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    Semiotic approaches to urban space : signs and cities (2024)
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9781800887220
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 293 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Spatial interventions
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Semiotic approaches to urban space
    DDC: 302.2072
    RVK:
    RB 10627
    Keywords: Semiotics Research ; City planning ; Stadt ; Semiotik
    Abstract: "This book outlines the future of semiotic research in the study of urban spaces, with chapters authored by leading scholars in the field. It offers thought-provoking explanations of semiotic theory, methodology and applications with the goal of exploring recently developed approaches to the interpretive aspects of urban space. Capturing the advances in research techniques within the field, this book will introduce the reader to key contemporary debates within the study of urban spaces. Chapters focus on the important topics of meaning-making and interpretation within cities. State-of-the-art approaches are presented to provide an enlightening outlook into this ever-evolving subject area. Semiotic Approaches to Urban Space will be a valuable resource for both undergraduates and postgraduates in the fields of semiotics and urban studies, alongside those in disciplines such as visual studies and human geography. Researchers in these fields will find the cutting-edge research within this book to be of great interest"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction to semiotic approaches to urban space.Federico Bellentani, Mario Panico and Lia Yoka -- Part I: Concepts -- 1. The semiotics of settlement space / Alexandros Ph. Lagopoulos -- 2. Ten theses for a semiotic study of the city: Notes, observations, proposals / Gianfranco Marrone -- 3. Devices for the representation and the spectacularisation of urban space: Views, landscapes and logo-monuments / Isabella Pezzini -- 4. Urban landscape as text / Olga Lavrenova -- 5. The complexity of cities and the semiotic gaze: Keeping the 'thickness' of urban spaces / Francesco Mazzucchelli -- Part II: Models -- 6. Semiotic models of settlement space / Alexandros Ph. Lagopoulos -- 7. Dynamics of madrasa learning institutions in the ayyubid and mamluk capital cities / Manar Hammad -- 8. Mental models of urban space and their semiotic means / Leonid Tchertov -- 9. Reworking boundaries: From gates to the architecture of openness / Charikleia Pantelidou -- 10. Semiotic space for native biota in the city / Riin Magnus, Tiit Remm and Kalevi Kull -- Part III: Activations -- 11. Envisaging the city: Roadmap for an interdisciplinary study of urban 'facescapes' / Massimo Leone -- 12. Spatial practices: Convergences and dialogues between semiotics and urban planning / Pierluigi Cervelli -- 13. Resemiotisation of urban landscapes: Relational geographies and signification processes in post-socialist cities / Mariusz Czepczyński -- 14. When schools intersect the everyday world of the city: Educational space as a dialogical-transformative quality of the urban / Kyriaki Tsoukala -- 15. Urban activated public spaces in the contemporary city / Nikolaos-Ion Terzoglou -- 16. Metropoesis: Semiotics, fictional cities and speculative urban design / Mattia Thibault, Vincenzo Idone Cassone and Gabriele Ferri -- Index.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.4337/9781800887220
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 4
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    Handbook of research methods in migration : second edition (2024)
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9781800378032
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (394 pages)
    Series Statement: Elgar handbooks in migration
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.80721
    Keywords: Emigration and immigration ; Emigration and immigration Research ; Methodology
    Abstract: "In this thoroughly revised and updated second edition, William Allen and Carlos Vargas-Silva bring together a diverse range of experts to explore the latest research methods in migration studies, taking stock of major changes that have been salient for migration research-as well as the social sciences more broadly-in the last decade. Spanning a variety of different methodologies, this second edition of the Handbook of Research Methods in Migration provides practical guidance on designing, completing, and communicating migration research, considering diverse audiences including migrants themselves. Chapter authors reflect on and engage with trends of migration research, with seventeen new chapters covering developments in data sources, techniques, and practical issues impacting migration researchers. They assess quantitative methods, including surveys, conjoint analysis and satellite data, as well as qualitative methods such as archival research, language patterns and the use of social media. Ultimately, they consider the use of these methods in specific case studies, before focusing on how to address practical and ethical issues that can arise during the process of migration research. Expertly developing the ideas discussed in the first edition, this Handbook is a crucial resource for students and scholars of development studies, human geography and social science research methods. It also appeals to researchers working on migration in all its forms, as well as ethnicity, discrimination and demographic change"-- Provided by publisher
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents 1. Methods for migration studies: Data, techniques, questions / William L. Allen and Carlos Vargas-Silva -- Part I. Quantitative approaches -- 2. Conceptualizing, planning, and administering migration surveys / Stefanie Barratt, Sonja Fransen and Craig Loschmann -- 3. Survey experiments in migration research / Maria Sobolewska and Laurence Lessard-Phillips -- 4. Field and natural experiments in migration / David McKenzie and Dean Yang -- 5. Emerging big data sources for studying migration / Tuba Bircan and Albert Ali Salah -- 6. Using satellite maps to build sampling frames in migration surveys / Jessica Hagen-Zanker -- Part II. Qualitative approaches -- 7. Analysing archives to write migration histories / Uttara Shahani -- 8. Critical discourse studies and migration / Gavin Brookes and David Wright -- 9. Visual methods for migration research: Approaches, strategies, and challenges / Kevin Smets -- 10. Making sense of digital traces in migration contexts / Helena Dedecek Gertz, Earvin Cabalquinto and Koen Leurs -- 11. Digital ethnography as an inter-ethnic reckoning method / Ka-Kin Cheuk -- 12. Participatory mapping as a research tool in migration studies / Luis Sánchez-Ayala -- 13. Implementing collaborative qualitative data collection / Marta Bivand Erdal -- Part III. Case studies -- 14. Beyond the surveillance data set: Blending qualitative and quantitative approaches to visualizing forced migration / Roopika Risam -- 15. Using qualitative mixed methods in migration studies: A case study of asylum seekers fleeing gender-based persecution / Connie Oxford -- 16. A mobile methodology for the study of environmental change and human mobility / Ingrid Boas -- 17. Mixed methods and the study of American franchises / Jennifer Parker -- Part IV. Practice, policy, participation -- 18. Migration statistics in times of large-scale mobility data: Ethical concerns and concerns with ethics / Linnet Taylor and Fran Meissner -- 19. Data visualisation in migration research: The case of circular migration plots / Nikola Sander and Andreas Genoni -- 20. Engaging refugees as researchers: Ethics, challenges, successes / Evan Easton-Calabria -- 21. Influencing migration policy and public debate through targeted communications: Lessons for researchers and practitioners as to what, who, how, and when to engage / Helen Dempster -- 22. Beyond dissemination: Knowledge exchange, impact and the active researcher / Jacqueline Broadhead -- Index.
    DOI: 10.4337/9781800378032
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  • 5
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    Teaching social psychology (2024)
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9781035327133
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (250 pages)
    Series Statement: Elgar guides to teaching
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 302.07
    Keywords: Social psychology Study and teaching
    Abstract: "This thought-provoking book consolidates insights, theories and practical recommendations for best practice when teaching social psychology. Bringing together a wealth of experts in the field, editors Catherine A. Sanderson and Rebecca R. Totton encourage educators to emphasize the direct connection between social psychology course material and everyday life. Teaching Social Psychology begins by exploring different teaching philosophies including both team-based learning and PERMA theory, providing instructors with a range of strategies to engage students. Contributing authors then propose practical solutions when integrating diverse perspectives in their teaching, prompting educators to consider the accessibility, inclusivity, and equity of their classroom. The book concludes by presenting assessment and assignment options that focus on exceptional pedagogy. Chapters are designed to be used either in isolation or conjunction, allowing teachers a flexibility and adaptability of approach. Providing theoretical and practical guidance at all levels, this incisive and accessible book is a key resource for instructors of social psychology. Its recommendations for best pedagogical practice are also beneficial to students, academics and researchers in the field"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction to teaching social psychology -- Supplementary material -- Part I. Approaches to teaching social psychology -- 1. On the humanity of teaching social psychology: Representation, perspective and compassion / Samuel R. Sommers -- 2. Perma model in the classroom: Teaching social psychology through a positive lens / Smaranda I. Lawrie and Saaid A. Mendoza -- 3. Applying team-based learning to social psychology / Yuliana Zaikman and Laura Madson -- 4. What have we learned from the replication crisis? Integrating open research into social psychology teaching / Charlotte R. Pennington and Madeleine Pownall -- Part II. Teaching with a lens for inclusivity and social justice -- 5. Inclusive teaching practices and other strategies to promote equity and belonging / Kevin R. Kennedy and Markus Brauer -- 6. Using critical theories to teach social psychology / Judith Zatkin, Kat Klement and Thomas Dirth -- 7. Using the culture cycle to teach stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination / Erin Cooley, Jazmin L. Brown-Iannuzzi and Rachel Dinero -- 8. Implementing anti-oppressive pedagogy in the social psychology classroom / Kala J. Melchiori and Robyn K. Mallett -- 9. Teaching anti-ableism: A practical guide to creating friendly and flexible courses without compromising rigor / Lisa G. Aspinwall and Carolyn M. Shivers -- 10. Practical suggestions for the inclusion of social class in social psychology / Ryan M. Pickering -- 11. Teaching intersectionality in social psychology: Understanding the complexities of identity / Guadalupe D. S. Gonzalez and Rosita Scerbo -- Part III. Assessments and assignments in social psychology -- 12. Implementing a social justice-focused project to build research skills / Ashley A. Hansen-Brown -- 13. Applying social psychology to the self and beyond / Ariana Orvell -- 14. The potential of praxis projects in the social psychology classroom: Community building, inclusivity and action / Janelle M. Silva -- 15. Building and sharing self-knowledge / Stephanie D. Freis -- 16. When work feels like play: Co-creating social psychology course materials with students / Salena M. Brody and Ashlyn H. Day -- 17. Making personal connections with social psychology / Traci A. Giuliano.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.4337/9781035327133
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  • 6
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    Research handbook on the sociology of gender (2024)
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9781802206692
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 475 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Research handbooks in sociology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Research handbook on the sociology of gender
    DDC: 305.3
    Keywords: Sex Sociological aspects ; Sex role ; Gender identity
    Abstract: "This extensive Research Handbook surveys historical and contemporary patterns within research on the sociology of gender. It clarifies key definitions and examines influential factors such as race, age, and occupation. Introductory chapters provide significant foundational scope for research on the sociology of gender. Following this, a diverse array of contributors present insights into important and emerging concepts such as femininities, masculinities, intersex identities, sexuality, and transnational feminisms. Within the Research Handbook, gender is explored on multiple levels, from individual to institutional, and it ultimately paints a comprehensive picture of the sociology of gender that crosses continents and develops an inclusive perspective. This Research Handbook is beneficial to students of sociology and social policy, as well as those studying gender within other disciplines such as business and management. Researchers and academics looking for contemporary analyses will also find this to be an important resource"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: List of contributors -- Part I. Introduction -- 1. The stakes and history of the sociology of gender / Michael Stambolis-Ruhstorfer, Gayle Kaufman, Brittany Ralph, and Steven Roberts -- 2. Conceptualising (and complicating) gender / Brittany Ralph, Steven Roberts, Gayle Kaufman, and Michael Stambolis-Ruhstorfer -- 3. Research methods for studying gender / Gayle Kaufman, Steven Roberts, Michael Stambolis-Ruhstorfer, and Brittany Ralph -- Part II. Bodies and identities -- 4. Femininities / Rhea Ashley Hoskin -- 5. Beyond sex role theory: On the sociology of (trans) masculinities / Tristen Kade and Tristan Bridges -- 6. Towards a sociology of intersex / Surya Monro and Adeline Berry -- 7. Sociology, coloniality and heterosexuality / Madi Day -- 8. What does body sovereignty mean to you? Decolonising the body: Pūrākau as method(ology) / Ashlea Gillon (Ngāti Awa, Ngāpuhi, Ngāiterangi) -- 9. Doing gender while fat / Sarah Bostic and Zoe Muzyczka -- Part III. Childhood, aging, and the life course -- 10. Girlhood: A story of light and shade in the sociology of gender / Hannah Walters -- 11. Towards a relational sociology of boyhood: Unpacking the interplay of age and generation / Utsa Mukherjee -- 12. On the productivity of affective laddish misogyny in uk university campuses / Silvia Díaz Fernández -- 13. Gender and the double standard of ageing / Susan Pickard -- Part IV. Work and family -- 14. Women in the workplace: Change and resistance / Natalie Adamyk and Sharla Alegria -- 15. Flexible working and gender equality: Evidence and future scenarios and research agendas / Heejung Chung -- 16. Dating and the stalled gender revolution: How heterosexual and LGBTQ dating practices impact relationship inequality / Ellen Lamont -- 17. Mosaic familism and mosaic gender ideology: A gendered hybrid process of family reinstitutionalization in contemporary China / Yingchun Ji -- 18. "if i'm too good at it, then i might get delegated to do it more often": Men, mental work, and the household division of labor / Scott T. Grether and Laura Fitzwater Gonzales -- 19. Research on children with LGBTQ parents: Challenges and a way forward / Deni Mazrekaj, Silvia Palmaccio and Kristof De Witte -- Part V. Sexual practices and representations -- 20. Men's sexual health: A visible invisibility / Andrea Waling -- 21. Why are all the webcam models colombian? Nation, racialized femininity, and sexual economies / Aracely Garcia Gonzalez -- 22. The representation of transgender celebrities in vietnamese online news media / Hoa Bui, Anh Nguyen Hoang and Barbara Baird -- Part VI. Space, time, and gender norms -- 23. Transnational feminisms transform the sociology of gender / Kavitha Koshy and Sabrina Alimahomed-Wilson -- 24. Mapping the dimensions of local gender norms / Jessica Moeder and William Scarborough -- 25. What we know and do not know about how Islam shapes gender values / Saskia Glas -- 26. Is there a 'women's time'? A brief Introduction to the social theory of time and gender / Elsie Foeken -- Part VII. Violence and vulnerabilities -- 27. Women, gender roles and gender-based violence after war / Luna K.C. and Crystal Whetstone -- 28. Gangs: Gender, masculinity, vulnerability / Jade Levell -- 29. Prison masculinities / Janani Umamaheswar -- 30. Gender and homelessness: Constructions of motherhood / Juliet Watson -- 31. Gender and the environment: Sustainability how? / David O. Reynolds -- Part VIIi. Empowerment through education, economy, and technology -- 32. Mapping the emergence of the gender and development field / Mary Johnson Osirim -- 33. Gender and the politics of equity: Improving access and participation in South African education / Beatrice M'mboga Akala -- 34. Weighing women's empowerment against patriarchal masculinity: A study of microcredit self-help groups in rural rajasthan / Sumeet Sekhon and Navjotpal Kaur -- 35. Icts and women in the global south: Navigating empowerment in an economy of attention / Aarushi Bhandari.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.4337/9781802206692
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  • 7
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    Research handbook on communication and prejudice (2024)
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9781802209662
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 470 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Research handbook on communication and prejudice
    DDC: 303.3/85072
    Keywords: Prejudices Handbooks, manuals, etc Research ; Communication Handbooks, manuals, etc Research
    Abstract: "This informative Research Handbook brings together a unique combination of methodological, philosophical and theoretical perspectives to present a comprehensive overview of communication and prejudice research. Editors Elvis Nshom and Stephen Croucher, along with expert authors from across the globe, extensively analyse prejudice and communication research, highlighting the importance of drawing distinct connections between the two. They discuss the relationship between language and bias, realistic group conflict theory, systemic inequity and #BlackLivesMatter, as well as empirical studies in communication and prejudice in non-US contexts. As the global understanding of prejudice has changed and developed, this Research Handbook emphasises the crucial need to explore prejudice and its interrelated processes in more diverse contexts, namely the ways in which we communicate and interact with one another. This Research Handbook is a vital resource for students, academics and researchers specialising in sociology of discrimination, social psychology, cultural sociology and communication. Providing an interdisciplinary overview of communication and prejudice, this book is also beneficial for policymakers and practitioners working in domestic politics, public policy and international relations"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface / Elvis Nshom and Stephen Croucher -- Part I. Communication, language, media, and prejudice -- 1. Introduction: Understanding prejudice and communication / Elvis Nshom -- 2. The relationship between language and bias / Katherine Anne Collins and Traci-lee Dawn Christianson -- 3. Media and prejudice / Sylvie Graf, Simona O'hová, and Mirjana Rupar -- 4. Prejudice and othering in social media: A systematic literature review / Shomaila Sadaf -- Part II. Key theories and terms in communication and prejudice -- 5. Prejudicial nonaccommodative moves: The cycles of intergroup communication experience / Howard Giles, Quinten Bernhold, and Dennis McCarty -- 6. Intergroup contact and intergroup dialogue: Communicative pathways to addressing prejudice and intergroup bias / Nick Joyce, Dakota Sandras, and Jordan Soliz -- 7. Ethnolinguistic vitality, multilingual communication and speakers of contested languages / Justyna Olko -- 8. Communication and prejudice: Integrated threat theory / Thao Nguyen -- 9. Realistic group conflict theory / Elvis Nshom -- Part III. Methodological approaches and advances -- 10. Analyzing prejudice through qualitative research methods: A case study approach / Angela Putman -- 11. "was that (racial) prejudice, or was it just me?": An autoethnographic approach to deconstructing prejudice / Tina Harris -- Part IV. Current u.s.-based cases in communication and prejudice -- 12. Systemic inequity and #blacklivesmatter / Jozie Nummi and Monica Williams -- 13. LGBTQ lives in the United States / Brian Harrison and Quinn Buhman -- 14. Prejudice towards refugees in the United States / Elvis Williams and Elvis Nshom -- 15. Instructional communication and prejudice / Kevin James and Stephanie Kelly -- 16. Prejudice and health communication in the United States / Lillie Williamson -- 17. Prejudice and ethnocentrism toward asian Americans during the covid-19 pandemic / Stephen Croucher, Thao Nguyen, Doug Ashwell, Anthony Spencer, Tatiana Permyakova, Mohan Dutta, and Oscar Gomez -- Part V. Empirical studies in communication and prejudice in non-us contexts -- 18. Denigrated, delegitimized, and erased: Prejudice against scots in the uk / Audra Diers-Lawson -- 19. Migration to and from Latin America: Understanding and negotiating prejudices / Anthony Spencer and Paola Albarrán -- 20. Applying integrated threat theory to the palestinian-israeli conflict: A qualitative study / Kelsea Jackson and Stephen Croucher -- 21. A cross-cultural analysis of ethnocentrism and intercultural communication apprehension in India and the United States / Stephen Croucher -- 22. Covid-19 prejudice toward Chinese immigrants in Turkey / Stephen Croucher, Nadirabegim Eskiçorapçı and Thao Nguyen -- 23. Perceived discrimination among anglophone cameroonians: Gender and regional differences / Elvis Nshom, Immaculate Mkong, and Isidore Agha -- 24. Where injustice and inequality remain for one, equals partnership for none: Colonialism, prejudice and the māori struggle for equality in aotearoa/new zealand / Doug Ashwell and Bridget Raiha Bell -- 25. "minding their own business, slogging hard, and busting nobody's chops": The covid-19 pandemic and the anti-chinese sentiment in Italy - an integrated threat theory perspective / Davide Girardelli, Stephen Croucher, and Thao Nguyen -- 26. Prejudice in a portuguese context / João Caetano -- 27. Prejudice and the fear of immigrants in three Finnish cities: Helsinki, jyväskylä, and joensuu - a comparative approach / Elvis Nshom -- 28. Ethnocentrism studies in Russia and a russian ethnocentrism measure / Tatiana Permyakova and Ekaterina Balezina -- 29. Chinese indonesians and the new chinese migrants in indonesia / Tommy Yotes -- 30. Understanding stereotypes and integration of foreign residents in Japan / Tomomi Tomomune.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.4337/9781802209662
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  • 8
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    Handbook on inequality and social capital (2024)
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9781802202373
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (480 pages)
    Edition: First
    Series Statement: Elgar handbooks on inequality
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305
    Keywords: Social capital (Sociology) ; Equality
    Abstract: "Building upon the extensive and expansive tradition of research on social capital and inequality, this Handbook summarizes current social capital research and showcases cutting-edge applications. With a global range of diverse expert contributors, this Handbook explores quantitative and qualitative approaches to a broad array of substantive topics, including health, social media, disasters, crime, and employment. Chapters highlight the major theoretical and methodological advancements in the field, examining applications to affective and community-based outcomes and applications to instrumental and career-based outcomes. Ultimately, the Handbook provides a comprehensive review of the diversity of research on the resource of social capital and its relationship with the creation and maintenance of different forms of inequality. Interdisciplinary in scope, this Handbook is a vital resource for students and scholars of sociology and social policy, economics, education, communications, management, demography, social networks, and public administration. Its innovative theorizing and novel empirical contributions will also be of use to policymakers working to reduce inequality across communities"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents 1. Introduction: Connecting social capital with studies of social inequality / Rochelle Côté, Steve McDonald, and Jing Shen -- Part I. Theoretical and methodological developments -- 2. Formalist and relationalist approaches to social capital / Emily Erikson and Jeffrey Sachs -- 3. Revisiting social capital and social network research: Inequality in social relations and structure / Steve McDonald, Jing Shen, and Andrew P. Davis -- 4. The intersectionality of social capital / Bonnie H. Erickson -- 5. Approaches to the measurement of individual social capital in general social surveys and structure / Christof Wolf, Marlène Sapin, and Dominique Joye -- 6. Qualitative cross-national comparisons of networking practices and experiences: Exploring similarities and differences in white-collar networking in Israel, Denmark and the United States / Ofer Sharone -- 7. Geospatial inequality of social capital: Comparing the effects of opportunity structures across regions and over time / Yang-chih Fu and Hui-Ju Kuo -- Part II. Gemeinschaft - social capital as community -- 8. Social capital changes through life course events / Beate Völker -- 9. Social capital, health, health inequalities and well-being: A critical review and future directions / Padmore Adusei Amoah -- 10. Culture and social capital / Omar Lizardo -- 11. The role of social capital and social media in social inequality / Anabel Quan-Haase, William Hollingshead, and Molly-Gloria Patel -- 12. Institutional foundations of social capital / Maximilian Filsinger and Markus Freitag -- 13. Social capital and voluntary associations / Joonmo Son -- 14. Organization-based social capital and inequity in disaster recovery planning / Malini Roy and Michelle Annette Meyer -- 15. Social capital and social movements: Creating and accessing resources through social structures / David Tindall, Mark Shakespear, and Bob Edwards -- 16. Social support: A diverse, multilevel, unequal resource / Christine A. Mair -- 17. That's what friends are for: Can social capital help us better understand the diversity of friendship ties and their complex roles in personal networks? / Shira Offer -- 18. The ties that bond? Social capital in families / Mikaela J. Dufur, Tom R. Leppard, and Brianna K. Moodie -- Part III. Gesellschaft - social capital as instrumental resource -- 19. The role of social capital in immigrants' and refugees' labour market integration: Evidence from Germany / Yuliya Kosyakova and Irena Kogan -- 20. Social capital and academic success / Nathan D. Martin and Stacey M. Alvarez Flores -- 21. Mentoring: Ensuring all youth have the networks of support needed for healthy development / Grace Gowdy and Renée Spencer -- 22. Social capital and network processes in the making of social class inequality: Debates, concepts and measurement / Vicente Espinoza and Gabriel Otero -- 23. Social mobility and social capital / Mark Western and Xianbi Huang -- 24. Inter- and intra-ethnic ties: Patterns, processes and payoffs / Vincent Chua, Shannon Ang, and Amritorupa Sen -- 25. Social capital, job search, and labor market outcomes / Gerhard Krug -- 26. Informal networks, social capital, and ethical challenges in international business / Yuliani Suseno and Sven Horak -- 27. Social capital and co-offending / Chris M. Smith -- 28. Macro-institutional change and social capital: The dynamics of guanxi influence in China, 1978-2021 / Yanjie Bian, Lei Zhang, and Xuewang Wang.
    DOI: 10.4337/9781802202373
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  • 9
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    How do I conduct ethnographic research? (2024)
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9781803926537
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 pages)
    Series Statement: Elgar dissertation companions
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.072
    Keywords: Ethnic groups ; Ethnology Research ; Ethnology Research ; Methodology ; Methodology ; Research methods ; Accountability ; Human relatedness ; Qualitative research ; Lived experience ; Organizational culture ; Ethnologie - Recherche - Méthodologie
    Abstract: "Providing indispensable guidance to how to engage in and carry out ethnographic research, this book highlights the potential advantages and possible pitfalls of this type of qualitative studies. Hugo Letiche, Ivo De Loo and Jean-Luc Moriceau paint a full picture of this fascinating research approach, focusing on its adaptability in the field, when researchers become actively involved with those who they are researching. How Do I Conduct Ethnographic Research? addresses three forms of ethnographic analysis: ethnography, autoethnography, and netnography. Each chapter begins with specific aims to be addressed, and is concluded with helpful exercises to strengthen both one's theoretical and practical academic skills. Stressing the role of researcher choice-making, this timely book aids the reader in devising a unique approach that best suits the context of their research. This book is crucial for postgraduate students of business and management, marketing, strategy and organization, as well as related subject areas such as finance and human resource management. Those who are new to ethnographic research will additionally find this guide to be invaluable"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents preface -- 1. Origins and Introduction to ethnography in business and organization research -- 2. The ontology, epistemology and methodology of ethnographic research -- 3. The basic components of ethnographically informed research -- 4. How to operationalize ethnographic research -- 5. Examples of ethnographic research -- 6. The strengths and limitations of ethnographically informed research references glossary.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.4337/9781803926537
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  • 10
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    Spatial inequalities and wellbeing : a multidisciplinary approach (2024)
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9781802202632
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (225 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Multidisciplinary movements in research
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Spatial inequalities and wellbeing
    DDC: 305
    RVK:
    MS 1300
    Keywords: Equality Case studies ; Well-being ; Sociology, Urban
    Abstract: "Spatial Inequalities and Wellbeing represents a timely contribution to the literature tackling one of the most crucial concerns of modern times: the rise of inequalities and its far-reaching implications for individual wellbeing. Taking a multidisciplinary perspective, the book highlights the different types and sources of inequalities and identifies opportunities for policy action to tackle various inequalities at once. Featuring expert contributions from eminent scholars, this insightful book posits that policies themselves can produce deep inequalities at the spatial level while trying to reduce them and also explores how inequalities and marginalisation depress individual wellbeing and can become a threat to political and institutional stability. Chapters critically analyse the causes of spatial inequalities, ranging from education and housing to location in the largest cities. The book also highlights the negative consequences of these gaps widening, and emphasises how participatory and bottom-up interventions can contribute to narrowing such disparities at the micro-level. Academics, researchers and students in urban and regional studies; human geography; economics and finance; politics and public policy; and sociology and social policy will find this to be an informative read. Policymakers within these fields will equally find this to be a beneficial resource"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction: The interplay among inequalities, wellbeing and space.Camilla Lenzi and Valeria Fedeli -- 1. Spatial inequalities in an era of modern reindustrialization / Roberta Capello and Silvia Cerisola -- 2. Left behind places and local democracy: German small towns under the conditions of peripheralisation / Thilo Lang, Franziska Görmar, Stefan Haunstein and Martin Graffenberger -- 3. Resolving the urban wellbeing paradox: The role of education and social contact / Philip S. Morrison -- 4. Housing and urban-rural differences in subjective wellbeing in the Netherlands / Marloes Hoogerbrugge and Martijn J. Burger -- 5. Urbanization and the geography of societal discontent / Camilla Lenzi and Giovanni Perucca -- 6. Regional disparities in the sensitivity of wellbeing to poverty measures / Cristina Bernini, Silvia Emili and Maria Rosaria Ferrante -- 7. Spatial inequalities and international cooperation projects: A bottom-up wellbeing model for inclusion / Daniela De Leo and Valentina Vittoria Calabrese -- 8. Behind left and right - disentangling the voting behaviour of radical parties in Europe / Luise Koeppen, Dimitris Ballas, Arjen Edzes and Sierdjan Koster -- 9. Spatial justice: The contemporary uncertainties of the French model / Valeria Fedeli.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.4337/9781802202632
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  • 11
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    Research handbook on the sociology of migration (2024)
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9781839105463
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 436 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Edition: First edition
    Series Statement: Research handbooks in sociology series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Research handbook on the sociology of migration
    RVK:
    LB 56000
    Keywords: Emigration and immigration Handbooks, manuals, etc Sociological aspects ; Emigration and immigration Research ; Migration ; Migrationssoziologie ; Methodologie ; Forschungsgegenstand
    Abstract: "Adeptly navigating one of the most pressing issues on the current global agenda, this topical Research Handbook provides a comprehensive and research-based exploration of the sociology of migration. As well as highlighting the field's achievements and current challenges, it explores key concepts used in current research, methods employed, and the spheres and contexts in which migrants participate. Presenting an open and pluralistic approach to international migration, this Research Handbook offers a wealth of conceptual analysis, featuring insightful contributions from over 40 leading scholars. Split into three thematic sections, it expertly examines a wide range of theoretical terms, research methods and techniques, and provides an in-depth analysis of the significant work that has been carried out to date in relation to migration. It ultimately sheds light on important discussions surrounding the origins of the sociology of migration, considering not only past events, but also future directions of research for this ever-evolving field of study. Offering a unique and forward-thinking perspective, this authoritative Handbook will serve as a fundamental reference for students, scholars, and practitioners in the fields of sociology and social policy, development studies, and political science, as well as in the wider social sciences"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction. The sociology of migration: Where has it been and where is it going? / Martina Cvajner, Peter J. Kivisto, and Giuseppe Sciortino -- Part I: Key concepts -- 1. Mobility, immobility, and migration / Nicholas DeMaria Harney -- 2. Borders and boundaries / Giuseppe Sciortino -- 3. Migration categories and the politics of labeling / Leila Hadj Abdou and Federica Zardo -- 4. Gender / Johanna Leinonen -- 5. Migration chains and migration networks: Researching migration as a social process / Remus Gabriel Anghel -- 6. Sequences and transitions in migration / Russell King and Ronald Skeldon -- 7. Migration systems / Oliver Bakewell -- 8. Migration policies and politics / Joaquín Arango -- 9. Migration and border regimes / Bernd Kasparek -- 10. Contexts of reception / Ayumi Takenaka -- 11. Theorizing modes of incorporation / Peter J. Kivisto -- 12. Diversity and super-diversity / Ivano Bison and Daniel Joseph Belback -- 13. Inclusion and exclusion / Gabriel Echeverría and Claudia Finotelli -- 14. Remittances in a world of uncertainty and insecurity / Ibrahim Sirkeci -- 15. Transnationalism and the making of diasporas / Thomas Lacroix -- 16. Children of immigrants and the second generation / Davide Azzolini and Philipp Schnell -- Part II: Methods and techniques -- 17. Secondary analysis of government and official data on international migration / Corrado Bonifazi -- 18. Ethnography in migration studies: An everlasting love? / Martina Cvajner -- 19. Quantitative surveys on migration / Erik Vickstrom and Cris Beauchemin -- 20. Connecting with connected migrants: Exploring the field of digital migration studies / Bernadette Nadya Jaworsky -- 21. Toward the use of emotions as a methodological technique for the empirical analysis of migration / Elizabeth Aranda, Girsea Martinez Rosas, and Rebecca Blackwell -- 22. Network analysis / Başak Bilecen -- 23. Visual methods in migration research / Susan Ball -- Part III: Sites, places, and spheres -- 24. Sending communities, social spheres, and households: What can be learned about migration / Jeffrey H. Cohen -- 25. Borders, embassies, and visas: The lessons of sociological lenses / Federica Infantino -- 26. Workplaces and labor markets / Mattia Vitiello -- 27. Migration in families and households / Heather M. Wurtz and Heide Castañeda -- 28. Housing and home / Enrico Fravega and Paolo Boccagni -- 29. Sociabilities: Kin, friends, and acquaintances in international migration / Rocco Molinari -- 30. Migrant associations and communities / Margit Fauser -- 31. Migration and the welfare state / Grete Brochmann -- 32. The religious migrant / Tuomas Martikainen -- 33. Sport and migration / Max Mauro -- 34. Migration, museums, (and archives) / Aleksandra Kubica -- Index.
    Note: Includes index
    DOI: 10.4337/9781839105463
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  • 12
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    Handbook on public policy and artificial intelligence / (2024)
    Northampton :Edward Elgar Publishing,
    Details
    ISBN: 9781803922171 , 1803922176
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (466 pages).
    Series Statement: Handbooks of research on public policy
    Parallel Title: Print version Handbook on public policy and artificial intelligence
    RVK:
    MF 7000
    RVK:
    MF 6000
    RVK:
    MS 4855
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence / Government policy ; Artificial intelligence / Law and legislation ; Artificial intelligence / Political aspects ; Intelligence artificielle / Politique gouvernementale ; Intelligence artificielle / Aspect politique
    Abstract: "This timely Handbook explores the relationship between public policy and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies across a broad range of geographical, technical, political and policy contexts. It contributes to critical AI studies, focusing on the intersection of the norms, discourses, policies, practices, and regulation that shape AI in the public sector. Expert authors in the field discuss the creation and use of AI technologies and how public authorities respond to their development, by bringing together emerging scholarly debates about AI technologies with longer-standing insights on public administration, policy, regulation and governance. Contributions in the Handbook mobilise diverse perspectives to critically examine techno-solutionist approaches to public policy and AI, dissect the politico-economic interests underlying AI promotion, and analyse implications for sustainable development, fairness, and equality. Ultimately, this Handbook questions whether regulatory concepts such as ethical, trustworthy, or accountable AI safeguard a democratic future or contribute to a problematic de-politicisation of the public sector. The Handbook on Public Policy and Artificial Intelligence is a crucial resource for students and scholars of public policy and administration, political economy, political science, sociology, law, regulation and governance, computer science and technology studies. It is also beneficial to policy practitioners, civil society actors, and regulators working with AI technologies"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- 1. Introduction to the handbook on public policy and artificial intelligence: Vantage points for critical inquiry / Regine Paul, Emma Carmel and Jennifer Cobbe -- Part I. AI and public policy: Challenges to key concepts -- 2. Researching the politics of automated systems of governing: A thematic review / Andreas Öjehag-Pettersson, Vanja Carlsson and Malin Rönnblom -- 3. Power in AI and public policy / Lena Ulbricht -- 4. What's old is new: AI and bureaucracy / Roy L. Heidelberg -- 5. AI and the logics of public sector organizations / Frans af Malmborg and Jarle Trondal -- 6. AI technologies and the reconfiguration of discretion in street-level bureaucracy / Peter André Busch and Helle Zinner Henriksen -- Part II. AI and the politics of governance: Deconstructing normative precepts -- 7. Accounting for context in AI technologies / Jennifer Cobbe and Jatinder Singh -- 8. AI and bias / Sun-ha Hong --
    Description / Table of Contents: 9. AI and ethics: Policies of de-politicisation? / Malin Rönnblom, Vanja Carlsson and Michaela Padden -- 10. Algorithm and code: Explainability, interpretability and policy / David M. Berry -- 11. AI and interoperability / Matthias Leese -- 12. AI and environmental sustainability / Federica Lucivero -- 13. AI and transparency / Ville Aula and Tero Erkkilä -- 14. Trust and trustworthiness in artificial intelligence / Rory Gillis, Johann Laux and Brent Mittelstadt -- Part III. AI and the political economy of public policy and regulation -- 15. Decolonial critique in AI policy-making and policy analysis / Catriona Gray -- 16. The platformisation of global development / Sally Brooks -- 17. Decoding and reimagining AI governance beyond colonial shadows / Adekemi Omotubora and Subhajit Basu -- 18. Procurement and artificial intelligence / Cary Coglianese -- 19. Regulatory interdependence in ai / Daniel Mügge --
    Description / Table of Contents: 20. The politics of regulating AI technologies: Towards ai competition states / Regine Paul -- Part IV. AI and public policy on the ground: Practices and contestations -- 21. The geopolitics of AI in warfare: Contested conceptions of human control / Ingvild Bode and Guangyu Qiao-Franco -- 22. AI in policing and law enforcement / Mareile Kaufmann -- 23. AI in border control and migration: Techno-racism and exclusion at digital borders / Petra Molnar -- 24. Critical appraisal of large language models in judicial decision-making / Juan David Gutiérrez -- 25. Regulating automated decision-making in the justice system: What is the problem? / David Mark, Tomás McInerney and John Morison -- 26. Ai, regulation, and the world of work: The competing approaches of the us and China / Robert Donoghue, Luo Huanxin, Phoebe Moore and Ekkehard Ernst -- 27. Reimagining failed automation: From neoliberal punitive automated welfare towards a politics of care / Lyndal Sleep and Joanna Redden --
    Description / Table of Contents: 28. AI in care: A solution to the 'care crisis' in England? / Grace Whitfield, James Wright and Kate Hamblin -- 29. AI in child protection / Jenny Krutzinna -- 30. Governing AI technologies in healthcare: Beyond the 'ethics bubble' / Mirjam Pot and Barbara Prainsack -- 31. AI and urban governance: From the perils of smart cities to amazon inc. Urbanism / Ilia Antenucci and Fran Meissner -- Index
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  • 13
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    Handbook of migration, ethnicity and diversity (2024)
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9781800884793
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 305 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Elgar handbooks in migration
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.8
    Keywords: Emigration and immigration Social aspects ; Cultural pluralism ; Immigrants Social conditions ; Diversité culturelle
    Abstract: "This Handbook provides a framework for analyzing migrant diversity, utilizing case studies that illustrate the social dynamics and consequences of such diversity for both migrants and host societies. By engaging with a wide range of literature and theoretical perspectives related to race and ethnicity, diasporas, gender, superdiversity, and intersectionality, it examines how such diversities can result in social processes of inclusion, exclusion, and hierarchical inequalities. In this Handbook, an interdisciplinary range of scholars analyze the diversity among various groups of labor and refugee migrants, marriage and ethnic return migrants, and diasporas in various continents, including the Americas, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. In addition to ethnic diversity, chapter authors discuss migrant differences based on gender and sexuality, social class, generation, and legality and how they impact host societies and their treatment of migrant groups. Comprehensive and thought-provoking, this Handbook is a vital read for students and scholars in migration studies, anthropology, sociology, and geography. Its conceptual framework about migration and diversity will also appeal to those studying race and ethnicity, diasporas, and gender"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Part I: Introduction -- 1. Introduction: Migration, ethnicity, and diversity / Takeyuki Tsuda -- 2. Inclusions, exclusions, and hierarchies: Analyzing migrant diversity in the host society and among migrant communities / Takeyuki Tsuda -- Part II: Migration and diversity in the host society ethnic diversity -- 3. Filipino migration to Japan: Intimacy, care, and ethnic diversity / Mario Lopez and Fiona-Katharina Seiger -- 4. Adding diversity to ethnic homeland: Korean Chinese (joseonjok) and soviet korean (goryeo saram) ethnic return migrants in south korea / Changzoo Song -- 5. Ethnonational diversity in Europe and variation in immigrant deservingness amidst institutional turmoil / Xavier Escandell and Alin M. Ceobanu -- 6. "nationality is a big barrier for us": Ethnonational hierarchies among affluent and low-wage migrants in dubai / Lisa Reber -- 7. Racialization and ethnicization of African caregiving migrants in the u.s. / Cati Coe -- Other diversities -- 8. Diversity and gendered exclusions: Trans women migrants from the global south in the global north / Mirtha Garcia -- 9. Marriage migration and diversities in Japan and east asia / Chigusa Yamaura -- 10. Internal migration and diversification of foodscapes in urban China / Minhua Ling -- 11. Immigrant legal diversity as an extension of u.s. Foreign policies: The central American case / Cecilia Menjívar and Leisy J. Abrego -- Part III: Internal diversity within migrant communities ethnic diversity -- 12. Diversities and interethnic relationships in Spanish-speaking Mormon congregations in the u.s. / Brittany Romanello -- 13. 'Deep inside me, i am still Mauritian': Ethnoreligious differences, identity, and belonging among mauritian immigrants in Canada / Rachel Griffin -- 14. Ethnic diversity in the Japanese diaspora / Takeyuki Tsuda OTHER DIVERSITIES -- 15. Migration, heteronormativity, and gendered diversity / Nicole Constable and Carol Chan -- 16. The Eritrean diaspora in the United States and Italy: Securitization, ethnoreligious differences, and political divisions / Fiori Sara Berhane and Tricia Redeker Hepner -- 17. The Kurdish diaspora at the crossroads: Shifting gendered and generational dynamics / Nisa Göksel -- 18. Migration and generational diversity among Japanese Americans / Takeyuki Tsuda.
    DOI: 10.4337/9781800884793
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  • 14
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    Concise introduction to organization theory : from ontological differences to robust identities (2024)
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9781803921273
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 pages)
    Series Statement: Elgar concise introductions
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lounsbury, Michael, 1966 - Concise introduction to organization theory
    DDC: 302.35
    RVK:
    QP 340
    Keywords: Organizational sociology ; Organization theory ; Scholarly identity ; Engaged scholarship ; Ontology ; Axiology ; Real-world impact ; Einführung ; Organisationstheorie ; Organisationssoziologie
    Abstract: "Our Elgar Concise Introductions are inspiring and considered. They explain the key principles in business and are expertly written by some of the world's leading scholars. The aims of the series are two-fold: to pinpoint essential concepts of business and management, and to offer insights that stimulate critical thinking. In this Concise Introduction, Michael Lounsbury and Joel Gehman set out an overview of organization theory that clarifies how to cultivate a robust scholarly identity in a field rich with diverse research traditions. Providing a summary of rationalist, pragmatic and co-constitutive theories, they highlight how scholars can meaningfully contribute to the academic conversation and maximize the practical relevance of their work. Key features: Provides a comparative analysis of different organization theories. Helps scholars mindfully position themselves and their work within specific academic discussions. Highlights opportunities to bridge ontological differences by engaging in scholarly debates across theoretical categories. This Concise Introduction is a crucial reference point for organization scholars. It will also appeal to doctoral students and early-career scholars in management, strategy and entrepreneurship"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Introduction: The organization theory landscape -- 2. Rationalist theories -- 3. Pragmatic theories -- 4. Co-constitutive theories -- 5. The broad reach of organization theory -- 6. Conclusion: Building a robust scholarly identity -- References.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.4337/9781803921273
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  • 15
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    Non-human rights : critical perspectives (2024)
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISBN: 9781802208511
    Language: English
    Pages: viii, 265 Seiten , 1 Diagramm
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Non-human rights
    RVK:
    PC 2800
    Keywords: Civil rights Philosophy ; Jurisprudence ; Climatic changes Law and legislation ; Automation Law and legislation ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Umwelt ; Maschine ; Künstliche Intelligenz ; Recht ; Rechtsphilosophie
    Abstract: "Non-human rights are a reality today: this book unpacks their paradoxes as well as their significance for our historic crucible. As animals, rivers, mountains, rainforests, ecosystems, and synthetic entities such as machines, AI, and robots gain recognition as subjects of rights in different parts of the world, non-human rights become part of our ordinary legal landscape and vocabulary. This timely book provides a critical outlook on this rising trend at the crossroads of two of the main concerns of the 21st century: climate change and automation. In seeking to address the foundations, genealogies, philosophies, and impacts of non-human rights, the contributors to this volume examine both their potential and limitations. Are non-human rights just a mere extension of the liberal human rights discourse or, as some suggest, something else and new based on different principles? Are they a 'revolution' or just 'more of the same'? Are they a practical solution that could 'save us' from climate disaster and self-destruction through automation or part of the problem and obstacle for social change? This book will be a vital resource for scholars and students of human rights, environmental law, animal rights, law and technology studies, legal theory, socio-legal studies, constitutional law and public international law. Providing an accessible overview of the changing patterns of the rights discourse in contemporary societies, it will also benefit anthropologists, climate and animal rights activists, political scientists, international relations scholars, policy makers and sociologists"--
    Note: Mit Register
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 16
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    Migration, mobility and the creative class (2024)
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 1802208623 , 9781802208627
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (191 pages)
    Series Statement: New horizons in regional science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.8
    Keywords: Migration, Internal ; Cultural industries ; Migration intérieure ; Industries culturelles ; internal migration
    Abstract: "Migration, Mobility and the Creative Class challenges contemporary conceptions of the mobility of the creative worker. Exploring the differences between a range of historical, political, and social contexts, this forward-thinking book contests the validity and logic of policymakers' strategies to attract the creative class, and emphasises the need for a reassessment of the plans employed for local and regional development. Drawing on detailed biographical life-course information obtained through in-depth interviews with creative workers, this book refutes established ideas that creative workers are a unique, autonomous and highly mobile group. Documenting empirical findings, it highlights how the migration and occupation patterns of creative workers are intimately connected with their early family experiences and to their social class. Ultimately, this innovative book recommends that policy should redirect its focus away from migration and towards creating places with good schools, affordable housing, sustainable jobs and strong connections across communities. Pairing in-depth case studies with established theoretical grounding, this book will be a fascinating read for academics, researchers and students specialising in economic geography, regional economics, migration and human geography. Its unique insights and practical policy recommendations will also be of benefit to those working in town planning, regional policy development and the creative industries"--
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction to migration, mobility and the creative class -- 2. Fascination with and the need to attract the creative class -- 3. Context matters: Design and demographics -- 4. The baby boomers -- 5. Generation x -- 6. The millennials -- 7. Conclusion to migration, mobility and the creative class -- Bibliography -- Index.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 17
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    The fate of social modernity : western Europe and organised welfare provision in challenging times (2024)
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9781035331222
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (438 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.094
    Keywords: Welfare state ; Public welfare ; Welfare recipients Employment ; Welfare economics
    Abstract: This thoroughly original book provides a comprehensive overview of the development of welfare arrangements and their wider context in Western Europe. Using the concept of social modernity, Ingo Bode investigates current challenges to these arrangements and examines prospects for progressive welfare reform. Adopting a sociological perspective, The Fate of Social Modernity dissects the complex layers of welfare agreements and assesses their potential for promoting socially balanced societies. Ingo Bode outlines how both public programmes and involved welfare organisations addressing children, disadvantaged workers, or elderly people may prompt yet also hamper processes of social development. He also explains how insights into social dynamics in European countries, such as Germany, Italy, Norway, and the UK, may contribute to a better understanding of problems and opportunities elsewhere in the world. This foundational book is a crucial read for scholars in the fields of comparative social policy, sociological theory, and organization studies. It will also be of benefit to practitioners in public administration and non-profit sector studies seeking to better understand the chemistry of social development"- Provided by publisher
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface -- Introduction: The case for studying the fate of organised welfare provision in Europe -- Part I: Social modernity - a conceptual approach -- 1. What is social modernity? -- 2. Narrowing the focus: Democratic capitalism and welfare state theory -- 3. What is shaping (social) modernity - and how can we study it? -- Part II: Social change on the backstage: Western Europe in flux -- 4. Towards a post-industrial configuration of democratic capitalism -- 5. Social stratification and the evolving status system in post-industrial times -- 6. Transformations in politics and civil society -- Part III: Evolving devices: Regulatory frameworks and directions of institutional change in European welfare states -- 7. Growing up: Welfare for the youngest and empowering childhoods -- 8. The life stage of gainful employment: Decent work and work-related self-determination -- 9. Safe later life: Social security for retirement and support for frail elderly citizens -- 10. Six lessons to learn: Progress and setbacks, achievements and divisions -- Part IV: The 'makers' of welfare: Organisational dynamics across welfare sectors in western Europe -- 11. Evolving organisational landscapes of welfare provision throughout the human life course -- 12. Empowerment against all odds? Collective agency in child protection organisations -- 13. Making work decent (again)? The organisation of active inclusion efforts -- 14. Offering independence to dependent people? The provision of personal care in later life -- 15. Six lessons to learn: Contributions and limitations of 21st century 'makers' of welfare -- Part V: Diagnostic realism and possible futures: A synoptic view on the fate of social modernity -- 16. Social modernity alive, in demand and feasible -- 17. Social modernity in trouble: Arrangements dismantled, disorganised and dissociated -- 18. Options for the future -- Bibliography.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.4337/9781035331222
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  • 18
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    Rapidly Increasing Retirement Ages : Changing Employment Practices for Older Workers (2024)
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing Limited
    Details
    ISBN: 9781789907797
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (198 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed
    Series Statement: Ageing, Work and Welfare Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Jensen, Per H Rapidly Increasing Retirement Ages
    Keywords: Retirement age ; Older people Employment ; Âge de la retraite - Europe
    Abstract: "This prescient book provides a theoretical and empirical analysis of retirement practices in Denmark, Germany and the UK. Per H. Jensen interrogates the factors behind rapidly increasing retirement ages in these countries between 2000 and 2018. Drawing on the age arrangement approach, Rapidly Increasing Retirement Ages considers the position of older workers in the context of changing norms and ideals, discourses, welfare states, labour markets, and families as well as the changing characteristics of older workers themselves. Jensen uses statistical data to highlight how the developing practices of older workers are prompted by societal transitions from an early to late exit age arrangement. This includes transitions from early to late exit discourses, from welfare states to enabling states, from closed to open labour markets, from male breadwinner to dual breadwinner family models, and from low to high levels of work ability among older workers. In addition Jensen shows how the different dimensions of change are connected and interrelated. Intersectional in its scope, this book posits an illuminating, comprehensive and much-needed response to this growing societal issue. This book is a vital read for academics, researchers and students of sociology, social policy, economics, welfare policy and political science. Providing a thorough examination of older workers in modern society, this book is also of benefit to practitioners and policymakers working in business management, public policy and social welfare"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter -- Copyright -- Contents -- Figures -- Preface -- 1. Problematiques, theories and methods -- 2. Discursive change from 'early' towards 'late' exit/retirement -- 3. From a welfare state towards an enabling state -- 4. From closed towards open labour markets -- 5. From the male-breadwinner towards the dual-earner family -- 6. From low towards high (or higher) levels of work ability -- 7. Concluding discussion and perspectives -- References -- Index.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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    Algeria Diagnostic on Climate and Disaster Risk Management (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Environment ; Mena ; Natural Disasters ; Risk Management
    Abstract: The Algeria Disaster Risk Management Diagnostic was developed as part of World Bank technical assistance to the Algerian government. The diagnostic offers a concise overview of the country's disaster risk profile, delves into the macroeconomic implications of disasters, outlines Algeria's advancements in disaster risk management (DRM), and highlights ongoing challenges within the DRM sector. This report aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of Algeria's DRM sector and identify key priority areas to enhance the country's resilience. This diagnostic was developed through a robust partnership between the World Bank and the National Delegation for Major Risks (DNRM) under the Algerian Ministry of Interior, Local Authorities and Territorial Development (MICLAT) from 2021 to 2023. It represents the culmination of an extensive review of over 500 documents, a comprehensive multi-stakeholder consultation workshop conducted in July 2021, and bilateral interviews held between March and October 2021 with the DNRM and all DRM stakeholders in Algeria. An initial version was completed in November 2021, which was further refined in 2022 and 2023 based on feedback received from Algerian counterparts through additional discussions, email correspondences, and recommendations from World Bank experts
    DOI: 10.1596/40883
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  • 20
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    The Effects of Matching Grants on Technology Startups : The Case of Korea's TIPS (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Matching Grants ; Mutual Funds ; Science and Technology Development ; Tech Incubator Program for Startup ; Technology Innovation ; Tips
    Abstract: This report investigates the case of a Korean public-private matching grant program called the Tech Incubator Program for Startup (TIPS). Launched in 2013, the program provides a package of support to selected startups, including matching grant for research and development (R and D) and mentorship, for up to three years. After ten years in operation, TIPS is particularly well suited to answer the question of whether public funding can help startups innovate and subsequently improve their performance. Using a dataset that includes 1,650 startups that applied for TIPS between 2013 and 2020, this research analyzes the effects of TIPS on recipients' performance and offers empirical evidence to inform entrepreneurship policy. The results show that TIPS positively affected startup performance one year after selection in terms of innovation input and output, although it did not have a significant effect on revenue or research collaboration activities. The report concludes with five lessons derived from Korea's policy experience in designing and implementing TIPS: (i) a well-designed coordination mechanism may serve as a viable public-private partnership model for fostering innovative startups, (ii) a co-investment model can crowd in private investment and achieve a multiplier effect by reducing the risk of investment in early-stage startups, (iii) complementary supports that target different stages of the startup lifecycle are needed, (iv) patient capital and continuity in entrepreneurial policy with a long-term view are key to nurturing a vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystem, and (v) constant engagement with beneficiaries through data collection and monitoring enables the development of a dynamic monitoring and evaluation mechanism
    DOI: 10.1596/40932
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    FY 2023 Zimbabwe Country Opinion Survey Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Zimbabwe assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Zimbabwe perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Zimbabwe on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Zimbabwe; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Zimbabwe; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Zimbabwe; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Zimbabwe
    DOI: 10.1596/40914
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    FY 2023 Jamaica Country Opinion Survey Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Jamaica assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Jamaica perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Jamaica on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Jamaica; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Jamaica; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Jamaica; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Jamaica
    DOI: 10.1596/40905
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  • 23
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    A Focused Assessment of the International Development Association's Private Sector Window : An Update to the Independent Evaluation Group's 2021 Early-Stage Assessment (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEG Independent Evaluations and Annual Reviews
    Keywords: IDA ; Private Investment ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Private Sector Window (PSW)
    Abstract: The private sector is essential for creating jobs and prosperity in poor countries, but developing it is challenging, especially in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCS). The IDA Private Sector Window (PSW) is a blended finance facility that enables the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and third-party private sector investors to conduct high-risk transactions in International Development Association (IDA) countries and FCS countries. This evaluation aims to assess the usage, market development potential, and enabling factors of the PSW. The evaluation assesses how the usage of the PSW has changed from its inception in 2017 to 2023 and explores its potential market development effects and its enabling factors, namely concessionality (for IFC and MIGA) and additionality (for IFC). Concessionality is the level of subsidy needed for IFC and MIGA to offer transactions in PSW-eligible countries at market prices. Additionality is the unique support IFC brings to private investments (on a project basis) that is not offered by commercial sources of finance. It comprises financial and nonfinancial additionality. This evaluation assesses the PSW across three IDA cycles: IDA18, which covers FY18-20; IDA19, which covers FY21-22; and IDA20, which covers FY23-25. It updates the 2021 IEG early-stage assessment of the PSW (FY18-20) and complements the IDA20 PSW Mid-Term Review, which was prepared jointly by IDA, IFC, and MIGA
    DOI: 10.1596/40884
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  • 24
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    China Economic Update, December 2023 : Which Way Forward? Navigating China's Post-Pandemic Growth Path (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Demand Shortfalls ; Economic Forecasting ; Economic Growth ; Growth ; Inflation ; Investment Shifts ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Property Sector
    Abstract: Economic activity in China has picked up in 2023, but the recovery remains fragile. Real GDP growth accelerated to 5.2 percent y/y in the first three quarters of 2023, driven by demand for services, resilient manufacturing investment, and public infrastructure stimulus. The initial phase of economic reopening triggered a surge in economic activity in Q1, but growth momentum decelerated rapidly in Q2 before recovering modestly in Q3. The volatile growth performance, compounded by persistent deflationary pressures and still weak consumer confidence, suggests continued fragility in the recovery. China's investment deceleration has been one of the key drivers of the overall growth slowdown in recent years. Together with the decline in aggregate investment growth, there has been a marked shift in the composition of investment. Structural reforms are crucial both to accelerate rebalancing towards higher consumption and to mitigate risks of inefficiencies in capital allocation. Following recent statements by policymakers, a renewed focus on structural reform implementation with specific measures strengthening the rule of law, independent enforcement of regulations, fostering competition, and ensuring a level-playing field could help ensure that resources are allocated to the most productive sectors and firms. Deepening financial sector reform will enhance market-based financial intermediation. Measures to improve the progressivity of the fiscal system, reform the hukou system, and foster inclusive finance will support household consumption growth
    DOI: 10.1596/40875
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    Comprehensive Assessment of the Childcare Landscape in Lebanon : A Mixed Methods Study (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Childcare ; Early Childhood Development ; Education ; Legal Framework ; Policies ; Services Mapping ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The "Comprehensive Assessment of the Childcare Landscape in Lebanon: A Mixed Methods Study" analyzes the supply and demand of formal childcare services for children aged 0-3. It provides a review of Lebanon's regulatory and institutional framework around childcare, maps out the current supply of services including cost and quality aspects, and deepens the understanding of households' childcare needs. Findings show that there is a mismatch between supply and demand, with a gap in provision for the youngest children and that supply is mostly private, costly, and concentrated in coastal areas. Childcare responsibilities limit women's ability to join the labor force, and affordability is a main constraint for families to access services, resulting in low demand for formal childcare. The study proposes measures for an inclusive expansion of quality and affordable childcare services in four areas: (i) an enabling environment for efficient, affordable provision of quality childcare services, (ii) a more equitable distribution of the unpaid care work burden within the household, (iii) improved State support to address households' care needs, and (iv) inclusive family-friendly workplace conditions in the private sector
    DOI: 10.1596/40845
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  • 26
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    Evidence on Public Procurement from Firm-Level Surveys : Global Statistics from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys and a Novel Public Procurement Survey Module (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Insight
    Keywords: Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Firm-Level ; Global Statistics ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Public Procurement ; WBES
    Abstract: Public procurement is at the intersection between the public and the private sectors. Policy makers and practitioners are increasingly paying attention to the potential catalytic role of public procurement to promote economic growth and inclusive and sustainable development, for example through participation of SMEs and women-owned firms in this market. However, despite a growing academic literature, there is still limited evidence on the link between public procurement and firms, which this paper contributes to address in two ways. First, this paper provides guidance on how to design a high-quality firm-level survey to study public procurement from the perspective of firms. Second, this paper presents some of the statistics and stylized facts that can be generated on public procurement from the existing World Bank Enterprise Surveys data, covering more than 150 countries worldwide. To sustain evidence-based policies in public procurement, firm-level survey data can be a valuable source of information on public procurement market. In particular, it can capture dimensions such as views and perceptions of firms that cannot be observed from e-government procurement data, it allows to study firms that never entered the public procurement market, and it provides data for countries that have not adopted an eGP system yet. Together with legislative and institutional reviews, and the analysis of transactional procurement data, firm-level survey data can be used to identify weaknesses of a public procurement system and inform reform efforts. This paper is part of a broader effort to continuously expand the available data, statistics, and tools for evidence-based policy making in public procurement
    DOI: 10.1596/40822
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    Towards a More Competitive, Inclusive, and Resilient Agrifood Sector in Argentina (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agriculture Study
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Agribusiness ; Agricultural Finance ; Agriculture ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Climate Change Policy and Regulation ; Crops and Food Security ; Small and Medium Size Enterprises
    Abstract: Argentina's agrifood sector drives both prosperity and crisis. While agrifood generates essential foreign currency earnings, tax revenue and employment, the sector's vulnerability to external shocks can wreak havoc on the larger economy. This agriculture sector review addresses the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of Argentina's agrifood sector. The economic dimension is vital, due to the influence of agrifood productivity and its growth on Argentina's macroeconomy. The social, or inclusion, dimension highlights the potential to improve the livelihoods of the rural poor as well as access to affordable food for the urban poor. Finally, the environmental dimension examines the urgent need to increase the resilience of agricultural production systems and support their adaptation to climate change, as well as the agrifood sector's potential to mitigate climate change and other externalities. This summary report is based on a series of more detailed sectoral background papers and is aimed at public sector policymakers and other key stakeholders, with the goal of identifying potential reforms in public policies and programs and contributing to the development of a new shared vision for the Argentine agrifood sector
    DOI: 10.1596/41383
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    Behavior Change in Solid Waste Management : A Compendium of Cases (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Keywords: Environment ; Environmental Protection ; Policies ; Pollution ; Solid Waste ; Waste Management ; Water Supply and Sanitation
    Abstract: Today the world faces unprecedented challenges in waste management while the state of the municipal waste management sector globally is a matter of concern. To reverse current trends related to waste generation, pollution, and resource management, active collaboration between the various waste actors including governments, civil society, and the private sector will be required along with sustained behavior change. This compendium is designed to help decision-makers - including policy makers, policy professionals, and practitioners-investigate, understand, and respond to waste management challenges in their communities through interventions considering a behavioral science lens. The document contains short case studies that uncover and highlight where and what behavioral tools were applied along three main challenges, that is, getting people to generate less waste, getting people to use waste services, and getting people to be more sustainable with their waste
    DOI: 10.1596/41271
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  • 29
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    Colombia Climate and Health Vulnerability Assessment, 2024 (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: CHVA ; Climate and Health ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Climate Change and Health ; Climate Change Impacts ; Environment ; Health Risks ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Vulnerability
    Abstract: The objective of this Climate and Health Vulnerability Assessment (CHVA) is to assist decision-makers in Colombia with planning effective adaptation measures to deal with climate-related health risks. This assessment includes sub-national considerations for health-related climate action (see Annex A for the methodology). Sub-national considerations are given for Colombia's 32 departments (see Figure 1). It also incorporates data from a Climate and Health Economic Valuation conducted by the World Bank to estimate of the potential economic costs of health impacts arising from projected changes in temperature and precipitation (see Annex B for the methodology). The findings from this CHVA are organized under four sections. Section I characterizes the climatology in Colombia, highlighting observed and projected climate exposures relevant to health. Section II describes key climate-related risks to health, including nutrition and food security, vector-borne diseases (VDBs), water-borne diseases, increasing temperatures, air quality, and zoonotic diseases. Section III analyzes the adaptive capacity and readiness of Colombia's health system to prevent and manage climate-related health risks. Recommendations are discussed in Section IV
    DOI: 10.1596/41249
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    Territorial Development : A Report on the Territorial Development Approach to Accelerate Economic Growth and Development in the Kingdom of Lesotho (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Urban Study
    Keywords: Demographics and Aging ; Economic Development ; Economic Growth and Planning ; Environment ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; Human Development and Gender ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Strategy and Policy ; Urban and Rural Development ; Urban Development ; Urban Economic Development
    Abstract: This report begins with an Executive Summary, which introduces the territorial development approach and the rationale for applying it in Lesotho's development context before going on to summarize key takeaways and recommendations. It is followed by four chapters: chapter 1, Introduction, lays out the country context, presenting in brief Lesotho's economic and demographic situation, population projections, governmental structure, and poverty profile and the government's goals. Chapter 2, territorial development framework and analysis in Lesotho, discusses the territorial development approach, its objectives, and the challenges it aims to address before presenting a customized 2 by 2 territorial framework for Lesotho and explaining how it can be applied. Chapter 3, analyzing Lesotho's Challenges through a Territorial Lens, lays out a spatial analysis centering on four development challenges: economic opportunities, internal connectivity and regional integration, access to basic services, and climate preparedness. To highlight the challenges, the chapter includes 4D heat maps linked to density, distance, disparity, and disaster risk. It also summaries case studies and real-life applications of the territorial development approach in Lesotho. Full case studies are in an annex. Chapter 4, recommendations, covers guiding principles and recommendations based on the territorial development approach and analysis
    DOI: 10.1596/41248
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    Slovakia - Understanding the Productivity of Slovakia's Local Governments : Key findings from an empirical study (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Keywords: Decent Work and Economic Growth ; Employment and Unemployment ; Governance ; Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions ; Poverty Reduction ; Productivity Enhancing Policy ; Public Accountability Mechanisms ; Public Administration ; Public Sector Cumulative Impact Assessment ; SDG 16 ; SDG 8 ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: This report employs a diverse range of data sources to examine district-level variations in public sector productivity in Slovakia. It leverages administrative data to measure productivity from the Fabasoft and Cezir data systems that provide detailed insights into case management and business licensing processes. Employment data, sourced from the government's job portal, sheds light on competition for public sector jobs. Additionally, a survey of district office public officials captures their management practices and attitudes. By incorporating these varied data sources, the report offers a comprehensive understanding of productivity factors and management dynamics within district offices, enabling a complex and informed assessment of the determinants of public sector productivity
    DOI: 10.1596/41518
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  • 32
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    Lao People's Democratic Republic Economic Monitor, April 2024 : Accelerating Reforms for Growth - Thematic Section: Education for Growth and Development (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: General Economy, Macroeconomics, and Growth Study
    Keywords: Communicable Diseases ; Covid-19 ; Decent Work and Economic Growth ; Economic Growth ; Good Health and Well-Being ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Industry ; Macro Shocks ; Macroeconomic Analysis Of Economic Development ; Macroeconomic Stability and Growth ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; SDG 3 ; SDG 8
    Abstract: Economic growth remains below pre-COVID-19 levels, mainly owing to protracted macroeconomic instability. Economic growth is estimated at 3.7 percent for 2023, with positive contributions from the services sector (for example, tourism, transport, and logistics) and mining. Electricity generation, mostly from hydropower plants, was tempered by low rainfall. Meanwhile, foreign investment increased substantially, linked mainly to the electricity and mining sectors. In contrast, public spending and household consumption remained constrained by limited fiscal space and high inflation. Merchandise export growth was limited, affected by supply-side constraints (for example, labor shortages) and subdued external demand. Amid limited foreign exchange liquidity and high external debt service obligations, depreciation and inflationary pressures persist. In 2023, the annual average official kip/US dollar exchange rate weakened by 31 percent, while the average parallel rate depreciated by 27 percent. The parallel exchange rate premium was about 13 percent in March 2024. Depreciation appears to coincide with periods of large public debt service repayments, usually between March and September. Given the high import dependence, depreciation brings changes in domestic prices. Headline inflation averaged 31 percent in 2023 and remained at about 25 percent for eight consecutive months from August 2023, with food, transport, hotel, and restaurant price increases the main contributors. In 2024, real GDP is projected to grow by 4 percent as potential growth will remain constrained by structural challenges. This outlook assumes no new debt service deferrals in 2024 and beyond, while deferrals accumulated during 2020-2023 would continue to be deferred. Economic activity is expected to benefit from recovered performance in tourism, transport and logistics services, and investment in the power sector and some special economic zones. Despite the slight uptick this year, economic growth will remain below pre-COVID levels, weighed down by macroeconomic instability and structural constraints such as a shortage of skills, both in quality and quantity, and a challenging business environment
    DOI: 10.1596/41505
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    Taking Stock April 2024 : Promoting Innovative Entrepreneurship (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Economic Growth ; Fiscal Measures ; Innovative Entrepreneurship ; Labor Market ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Real and Intellectual Property Law ; SDG 8 ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tax Law
    Abstract: Viet Nam's economy slowed sharply in 2023, with three key drivers of growth -- exports, consumption, and private domestic investment -- is losing momentum. On the production side, the slowdown was led by industrial production. In the first quarter of 2024, the economy registered 5.66 percent (y/y) growth, mostly driven by the low base effect in exports, with consumption and investment recovering more gradually. Employment growth slowed and real average monthly incomes stagnated. Viet Nam's external position improved in 2023, underpinned by a large current account surplus. Viet Nam needs to increase domestic private sector productivity to realize its ambitious target of becoming a high-income country by 2045, and innovative entrepreneurship is essential to drive this growth. Improving the conditions for entry and growth of innovative startups, through development of a conducive entrepreneurial ecosystem, can help build a pipeline of highly productive firms in new and established sectors
    DOI: 10.1596/41463
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    Compendium of International and National Legal Frameworks on Female Genital Mutilation, Eighth Edition (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Law and Justice Study
    Keywords: Discrimination ; Female ; Finance and Development ; Gender ; Genital Mutilation ; Human Rights ; Law and Development ; Violence Against Women ; Women's Rights
    Abstract: In 2012 and in 2018, the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolutions urging the international community to intensify global efforts to eliminate female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C). It also called upon "States, the United Nations system, civil society and all stakeholders to continue to observe 6 February as the International Day of Zero Tolerance for FGM/C and to use the day to enhance awareness raising campaigns and to take concrete actions against female genital mutilations". FGM/C is an extreme type of violence against women and girls which impairs their development potential and impacts the societies in which they live and work, their children, their families and ultimately their countries. FGM/C also undermines the World Bank's efforts to end extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity. Women and girls affected by FGM/C may not be able to reach their full personal, productive and professional potential. FGM/C causes a large number of physical and psychological problems and complications and can even lead to death. It imposes unnecessary suffering and prolonged pain. The international community recognized that FGM/C is an important development challenge that affects more than 200 million women and girls in the world. Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls) includes a target on eliminating all harmful practices against women, such as female genital mutilation by 2030 (target 5.3). This eighth edition describes the international and regional instruments that address FGM/C as well as the national legislations adopted to outlaw FGM/C. This is a practical online tool to empower those fighting FGM/C
    DOI: 10.1596/41434
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    Middle East and North Africa - Macro Poverty Outlook Country-by-Country Analysis and Projections for the Developing World : Spring Meetings 2024 (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Economic Development ; Gross Domestic Product ; Macroeconomics ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; No Poverty ; Poverty Diagnostics ; Poverty Measurement ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty, Environment and Development ; Public Sector Development ; SDG ; Suatainable Development Goals
    Abstract: This edition of the Macro Poverty Outlooks periodical contains country-by-country forecasts and overviews for GDP, fiscal, debt and poverty indicators for the developing countries of the Middle East and North Africa region. Macroeconomic indicators such as population, gross domestic product and gross domestic product per capita, and where available, other indicators such as primary school enrollment, life expectancy at birth, total greenhouse gas emissions and inflation, among others, are included for each country. In addition to the World Bank's most recent forecasts, key conditions and challenges, recent developments and outlook are briefly described for each country in the region
    DOI: 10.1596/41424
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    Digital Economy Diagnostic : Equatorial Guinea (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Keywords: Digital Economy Strategy ; Digital Finance ; Digitization ; E-Government ; Economic Growth Diagnostics ; Governance ; ICT Applications ; ICT Data and Statistics ; Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Information Technology ; SDG 9
    Abstract: This report provides an assessment of Equatorial Guinea's digital economy, as part of the World Bank's Digital Economy for Africa (DE4A) initiative. Prepared to support the implementation of the Digital Transformation Strategy for Africa, approved by the African Union in February 2020, the World Bank's DE4A Initiative aims to help drive Africa's digital transformation and sets out a bold vision to ensure that every African individual, business and government is digitally enabled by 2030. The initiative leverages an integrated and foundation-based diagnostic framework to examine the development of the digital economy across Africa. Based on this framework, this assessment provides a comprehensive overview of the five DE4A foundational elements in Equatorial Guinea: digital infrastructure, digital public platforms, digital financial services, digital businesses and digital skills
    DOI: 10.1596/41585
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    Making Pension Savings Easy and Efficient for Informal Sector Workers : Learning from Kenya's Haba Haba Pilot (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Decent Work and Economic Growth ; Employment and Unemployment ; Informal Dispute Resolution ; Informal Employment ; Informal Health Care Payments ; SDG 8 ; Social Funds and Pensions ; Social Protection and Growth ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Haba Haba, which means "bit by bit" in Swahili, is a voluntary pension scheme in Kenya for workers in informal employment and promises to be a scheme through which they can slowly but surely save for their old age. The scheme, administered by the National Social Security Fund (NSSF) was launched as a pilot in 2019. Haba Haba allows for easy, anytime, anywhere savings by informal economy workers. Registration, contributions, and access can be handled via mobile phone by dialing USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Service Data) *303# or by contacting the NSSF via WhatsApp. The registration process only requires an individual's first and last names, and government identification (ID) number. Contributions can be paid in person at NSSF offices or through the mobile money platform M-Pesa
    DOI: 10.1596/41578
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    Lebanon Digital ID Use Cases (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Keywords: Authentication Services ; Digital Id ; Public Service ; Science and Technology Development ; SDG 9 ; Technology ; Technology Innovation
    Abstract: This report summarizes the findings of a series of World Bank Digital Development missions from November 2022 to July 2023 to Lebanon focused on priority use cases for digital ID and authentication services. It outlines how digital identity, as part of a wider digital transformation program, could significantly improve the implementation and delivery of public services in Lebanon
    DOI: 10.1596/41565
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    SAFE : Gender-Based Violence Services for Women in Human Mobility in Central America - Synthesis Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Communities and Human Settlements ; Forced Displacement ; GBV ; Gender ; Gender and Social Policy ; Gender Equality ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Gender-Based Violence ; Human Mobility ; Migration ; SDG 8 ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The Survivor-centered Accessibility Framework Evaluation (SAFE), supported by the State and Peacebuilding Fund (SPF), comprehensively examines access barriers faced by women and girls in transit who are survivors of GBV across Central America. It focuses on the physical, social, legal, and institutional barriers they face during their displacement journey, and particularly centers on the transit experience, indistinctively of whether this transit is regular, irregular, voluntary, or forced. This report summarizes work conducted over two years and brings to light the multifarious barriers women and girls face in reporting and seeking GBV services in the region. To address these challenges, this work provides targeted interventions and policy recommendations that countries could implement to ensure effective and accessible GBV services for women and girls in transit, and to improve their safety and well-being during their journeys. SAFE provides countries with a regional public good and represents a significant step forward in understanding and addressing human mobility and GBV in Central America. For the first time, it introduces a continuous highly detailed map of migratory and forced displacement routes, offering an unprecedented level of resolution and insight which combines the best of satellite imagery with expert local knowledge. This mapping is part of an ambitious effort to systematize information, enhancing the comprehension of the complexities and dynamics of human mobility in the region. Recognizing human mobility and GBV as regional issues, SAFE underscores the need for regional solutions, involving cross-border collaboration and shared strategies. Importantly, this initiative documents the voices and views of women themselves. By incorporating their perspectives, the study sheds light on unique challenges and experiences faced by women in transit, ensuring that the solutions proposed are more inclusive and responsive to their needs. This work emphasizes collective responsibility and cooperation in addressing issues of human mobility, GBV, and development
    DOI: 10.1596/41554
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    Gender-Responsive Procurement in the Caribbean : A Path to Inclusivity and Resilience with a Spotlight on Emergency Procurement Considerations (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Gender ; Gender and Economics ; Gender and Law ; Gender Equality ; Gender Gaps ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Gender Responsive ; Procurement ; SDG 5
    Abstract: This policy paper aims to harness the power of public procurement to promote gender equality in nine countries of the Caribbean region: Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Commonwealth of Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines and Suriname. The paper sheds light on how gender- responsive procurement can help fill existing gender gaps and how it can support more inclusive national rehabilitation programs. Targeted procurement actions are devised for tackling gender disparities in these countries. It is expected that the paper will serve as a primary reference for capacity-building activities
    DOI: 10.1596/41541
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    Nepal Fiscal Federalism Update, May 2024 (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Fiscal Federalism ; Fiscal Transfer System ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; NFFU ; Provincial Governments ; Public and Municipal Finance
    Abstract: The World Bank's Nepal Fiscal Federalism Update (NFFU) aims to report annually on the progress of fiscal federalism in Nepal and identify implementation gaps. This second update reviews the progress on fiscal federalism since the publication of the first report and provides an update on economic conditions across provinces and local governments
    DOI: 10.1596/41535
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    Turkiye at the Frontier : Human Capital Utilization, Jobs and Equity - Technical Diagnostic (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Communicable Diseases ; Coronavirus ; Covid-19 ; Decent Work and Economic Growth ; Earthquake ; Economic Growth ; Employment and Unemployment ; Environment ; Gender ; Gender and Economic Empowerment ; Gender and Economics ; Gender Equality ; Good Health and Well-Being ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital Accumulation ; Human Capital and Growth ; Labor Force Participation ; Labor Markets ; Life on Land ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Natural Disasters ; No Poverty ; Poverty Diagnostics ; Poverty Reduction ; SDG 1 ; SDG 15 ; SDG 3 ; SDG 5 ; SDG 8 ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Turkiye's early human capital foundations have paved the way for poverty reduction and labor force participation, today facing new multi-dimensional challenges. Turkiye's investments have historically helped diversify and increase aggregate growth, propelling it to upper middle-income status. Yet relative to overall growth more recently, human capital utilization in terms of jobs has not necessarily kept pace. Over half the population remains either out of the labor force or employed in informal, relatively low-paying jobs, most of whom have been women. Economic vulnerabilities remain following the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID) and the 2023 earthquakes in southeastern Turkiye, compounded by long-term effects of global financial crises and regional conflicts since 2008. Helping vulnerable workers, largely comprising women, adapt to a changing labor market will be needed to sustain a broad, productive workforce for future broad-based growth. As Turkiye embarks on its forthcoming Twelfth Five-Year National Development Plan, a diagnostic of human capital and jobs programs and policies in terms of gender equity is timely for informing future needs. In addition, a review of Turkiye's experience will equally help provide global knowledge for other countries facing similar challenges. This note aims to assess human capital utilization in terms of inclusive jobs and gender equity in Turkiye towards broadening economic resilience following shocks
    DOI: 10.1596/41520
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    Estonia - State of the public service : Evidence from a Survey of Public Officials: Key findings from an empirical study (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Keywords: Good Health and Well-Being ; Governance ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Local Governance ; Local Government ; Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions ; Public Health ; SDG 16 ; SDG 3
    Abstract: Administrative divisions extend beyond mere map boundaries as they significantly impact people's lives, influencing the availability and quality of public goods such as green spaces, transportation, waste management, and education. Local governance affects individuals from an early age, managing kindergartens, schools, playgrounds, and later, household utilities, cultural and sports facilities, public health, and care for the elderly. The European Commission recognizes the significant variation in services provided by local governments in Estonia, emphasizing the importance of understanding local government (LG) administrative practices to improve governance and enhance service delivery through targeted interventions
    DOI: 10.1596/41486
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    Global RApid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) Report : Mw 6.3 Herat Earthquake Sequence in Afghanistan, October 2023 (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Conflict and Development ; Damages ; Earthquake ; Environment ; Grade Methodology ; Herat Province ; Natural Disasters
    Abstract: Following the Herat province (Western Afghanistan) earthquake sequence of October 7 to 15, 2023, the World Bank carried out a remote desk-based assessment of the physical damages using the Global RApid post-disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) methodology. The objective of the assessment is to develop a model-based estimate of the direct physical (economic) damages to residential buildings (houses), non-residential buildings (e.g., education, health, worship, commercial, industrial assets) and infrastructure (e.g., transport, power, water, telecommunications), and to evaluate the spatial distribution of damages in order to support the development of a roadmap for recovery and reconstruction. This report summarizes the key findings of the assessment
    DOI: 10.1596/40816
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    Gulf Economic Update, Fall 2023 : Structural Reforms and Shifting Social Norms to Increase Women's Labor Force Participation (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Economic Growth ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Saudi Arabia ; Women ; Women and Labor
    Abstract: The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) economies have been a bright spot in an otherwise gloomy economic landscape. Average growthin the GCC surpassed 7 percent in 2022 led by Saudi Arabia, its biggest economy, which was globally the fastest growing large economy. This growth was not just a result of buoyant hydrocarbon prices but also continued growth of non-oil sectors. The latter was the result of persistent structural reforms undertaken by several GCC countries to improve the investment environment, promote flexible labor markets, and encourage women to join the labor market. GCC countries have used the windfall revenues from oil and gas to rebuild their buffers, pay down their debt, and shore-up their sovereign wealth funds. They have also sought to protect their vulnerable populations with continued subsidies on food, fuel, and utilities. Such policies have limited the impact of inflation on the domestic economy. Finally, GCC countries have also used their financial muscle to support economically weaker countries in the region. The stellar growth of 2022 is slowing down and growth is expected to moderate to 1 percent in 2023 before picking up again to 3.6 percent in 2024. The decline in economic activity in 2023 is driven by consecutive production cut decisions by OPEC+ in an effort to stabilize global oil prices. However, non-oil GDP continues its growth trajectory reaching 3.9 percent, resulting weaker integration between oil and non-oil sectors. To maintain this track record, GCC countries will need to continue to exercise prudent macroeconomic management, stay the course with structural reforms, and increase non-oil exports. Downside risks remain and it would be amiss not to mention them. The conflict in the Middle East presents major risks to the region and the GCC outlook if it extends or expands to include other regional players. While it is too early to quantify the impact and channels of the conflict, we already witness a 4 percentsurge in global oil futures. Although China is bouncing back after emerging from tight Covid-19 lockdowns, troubles in the real estate sector could still disrupt this trajectory. Persistent high inflation in the world's major economies has not been entirely vanquishedsuggesting a high interest rate environment for a longer period. Windfall revenues are anticipated as a result of higher oil prices driven by the conflict in the Middle East. However, the extent and duration of the conflict will play a pivotal role in determining economicramifications not only on energy markets but also on regional financial and trade markets and overall economic confidence. The Special Focus section of the report discusses the power of structural reforms and social norms in advancing female labor force participation in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia experienced an unprecedented surge in female labor force participation since 2016 as a result of: (i) changing regulations and the removal of legal barriers, shifting social norms, (ii) the implementation of sound structural reforms and (iii) effective government communications. Saudi Arabia's success in increasing female labor force participation from 17.4 percent in 2017 to 36 percent in 2023 offers important lessons to other countries in the region and the world
    DOI: 10.1596/40880
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    The Primary Health Care System of the Republic of the Marshall Islands : A Primary Health Care Performance Initiative Assessment (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Health Sector Review
    Keywords: Access and Coverage ; Equity ; Financing ; Health Insurance ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; PHCPI Framework ; PHP ; Quality
    Abstract: This report presents the findings of the primary health care (PHC) system in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), an assessment that the World Bank conducted in consultation with the Ministry of Health and Human Services (MHHS) of the government of RMI. The assessment provides an opportunity to understand the performance of RMI's PHC system, highlighting important areas of strengths and opportunities to address ongoing challenges. The assessment uses the Primary Health Care Performance Initiative (PHCPI) framework, which organizes various domains and subdomains of primary care using a logic model approach that encompasses the traditional inputs and outputs of a system, emphasizing service delivery and performance
    DOI: 10.1596/40846
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    Net Zero Energy by 2060 : Charting the Path of Europe and Central Asia Toward a Secure and Sustainable Energy Future (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Energy Study
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Decarbonization ; Energy ; Energy Transition ; Environment ; Gas Security ; Renewable Energy ; Urban Development
    Abstract: Since February 2022, geopolitical events have made clear Europe's need to diversify its energy sources and avoid excessive dependence on fossil fuel imports. The drop in Russian natural gas flows to Europe in 2022 marked the single largest supply shock in the history of global gas markets. It caused a significant increase in prices of electricity and heating services for consumers across the continent. With Europe's high reliance on imported natural gas, reestablishing energy security is a paramount objective. But how security can be achieved is subject to many uncertainties. Although Central Asia is not as dependent on gas imports as other parts of the World Bank's Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region, it has not been spared an energy crisis. Chronic underinvestment and the harshest winter conditions in decades resulted in significant blackouts in power and heating during the winter of 2022/23. -- This report analyzes the implications of the 2022/2023 energy crises over the short and long term, observing possible energy scenarios through 2060 in the Bank's ECA region and examining three key questions: -- What is the state of energy security in ECA in the wake of recent geopolitical events? -- What will it take to decarbonize the ECA energy system? -- What are the main uncertainties?
    DOI: 10.1596/41089
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    Macro Poverty Outlook - Country by Country Analysis and Projections for the Developing World : Spring Meetings 2024 (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Keywords: Economic Growth ; Environment ; Inflation ; Macroeconomic Analysis of Economic Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; No Poverty ; Poverty and Climate Change ; Poverty Diagnostics ; Poverty Measurement ; Poverty Reduction ; SDG ; Sustainanble Development Goals
    Abstract: This edition of the Macro Poverty Outlooks periodical contains country-by-country forecasts and overviews for GDP, fiscal, debt and poverty indicators for the developing countries of the Middle East and North Africa region. Macroeconomic indicators such as population, gross domestic product and gross domestic product per capita, and where available, other indicators such as primary school enrollment, life expectancy at birth, total greenhouse gas emissions and inflation, among others, are included for each country. In addition to the World Bank's most recent forecasts, key conditions and challenges, recent developments and outlook are briefly described for each country in the region
    DOI: 10.1596/41425
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    Local Governments Climate Finance Instruments : Global Experiences and Prospects in Developing Countries (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Agribusiness ; Climate Finance ; Forestry Management ; Governance ; Local Governance ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth
    Abstract: Local governments--especially cities and municipalities--in developing countries will be at the forefront of confronting and mitigating the impacts of climate change, and they need substantial financing to address this challenge. However, they often lack the fiscal resources for such investments. To address this financing gap, they will need to utilize a variety of financing sources and instruments. This joint publication of the World Bank and the UN Capital Development Fund aims to help cities and local governments better understand the various climate finance instruments and sources available to them, including intergovernmental fiscal transfers, own-source revenues, municipal borrowing (loans and bonds), public-private partnerships and credit-enhancement instruments such as guarantees. It provides information on each of these instruments - organized in a conceptual framework -- and highlights international experience and 18 case studies on their use from around the world. The report also recommends various actions that cities, local and national governments and development partners can take to increase access to these instruments to help meet climate investment needs in cities
    DOI: 10.1596/41417
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    Western Balkans Regular Economic Report No.25, Spring 2024 : Invigorating Growth (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Climate Change Impacts ; Employment Growth ; Fiscal Consolidation ; Inflation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Western Balkans
    Abstract: Economic growth in the Western Balkans slowed to 2.6 percent in 2023, from the 3.4 percent reached in 2022, reflecting the impact of a weak European economy weighed down by sequential shocks. Overall, the WB6 region has experienced a rise in total hours worked driven by employment growth and labor force expansion, especially driven by women joining the labor force. Poverty in the Western Balkans returned to its declining trend during 2023, but at a slower pace than pre-pandemic. A robust fiscal performance and solid rate of gross domestic product (GDP) growth led to a fall in debt as a share of GDP. After increasing to levels not seen in several decades, inflation rates in the WB6 fell significantly during 2023. Growth projections for the medium term have increased slightly, reflecting cautious optimism that, having weathered a flurry of shocks over recent years, the Western Balkans is beginning to see a return to trend economic performance. However, while the WB6 region is expected to return on its pre-pandemic trend in 2024, this is insufficient to enable meaningful convergence with European Union (EU) income levels over the medium term. The spotlight in this edition of the Western Balkans Regular Economic Report focuses on the role of cities as engines of growth and leading actor in the green transition. This spotlight recommends action on three main fronts to make cities in the Western Balkans greener. First, it is crucial to reduce urban sprawl and make cities more compact. Second, cities must bring down their emissions, also because this will have immediate improvement on socio-economic and environmental outcomes. And third, cities must take actions to reduce extreme urban heat and enhance preparedness for it
    DOI: 10.1596/41404
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    The Landscape Governance Assessment Tool : A User's Guide for Assessing Governance of Forested Landscapes (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Economic Policy, Institutions and Governance ; Environment ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; Landscape Management ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Public Sector Development ; Public Sector Management
    Abstract: This guide presents the Landscape Governance Assessment Tool (LGAT) and the Decision Support System (DSS). It is intended for people addressing a variety of problems linked to forested landscapes, such as alleviating rural poverty, restoring degraded lands, meeting national climate commitments, or conserving biodiversity. The LGAT measures the strengths and weaknesses of governance in a forested landscape. Drawing on expert and stakeholder knowledge, the LGAT assesses the quality of governance and produces a summary rating, called the Landscape Governance Index (LGI). The tool can be used at many stages of a project, but it is primarily intended to provide an informed starting point for discussing and designing governance reforms. The DSS component creates a roadmap for reform by identifying priority areas, generating ideas for reform, and analyzing them to arrive at practical ways forward. Overall, the tool identifies reform pathways that have a good chance of making a difference in the landscape. The LGAT score demonstrates the need, while stakeholder and expert involvement in both the measurement and DSS steps shape and garner support for reforms. The DSS analysis screens the reforms to identify those likely to be practical and effective
    DOI: 10.1596/41391
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    Open Finance : The Korean Experience and Opportunities and Challenges for the East Asia and Pacific Region (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Keywords: Centralized Approach ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Innovation ; Interoperability ; Law ; Open Banking ; Phase-In Approach ; Science and Technology Development ; SDG 9 ; Technology Innovation
    Abstract: The importance of data in the economy is exponentially growing. Although the amount of data generated and analyzed in the economy has always grown, the recent growth in data generation and the advancements of analytic technology are much faster than in the past. Open data, which grants the right to data portability to data subjects, is becoming a popular policy option to enhance the efficient use of data in society and reduce privacy costs. The financial industry is one of the leading sectors implementing the right to data portability through open banking and open finance initiatives. Open finance is a natural extension of open banking to sharing customer-permissioned data by financial institutions with third parties. The policy objectives for open finance vary by country. Financial innovation is among the first policy objectives. The Republic of Korea set innovation in financial services, especially in payments and settlements, as the policy objective of open banking. Another objective is competition through financial innovation and the emergence of neo financial institutions such as Fintechs and the big techs. Strengthening consumers' data-related rights has been a policy objective in many countries. Open finance in the Republic of Korea and General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union (EU) are notable examples. Finally, in some cases, enhancing consumer benefits, through financial innovation and the promotion of competition, has been set as a policy objective. Open banking and open finance will provide more opportunities and challenges to achieve those policy objectives than financial innovation in the past. First, open banking and open finance allow the consent-based sharing of a complete footprint of data rather than specific ones like delinquencies. This sharing results in a significant improvement in the quality and entirety of data sharing. Second, open banking and open finance enable third parties, often not financial companies, to build business models as marketing platforms, advisers, intermediaries, or agents for financial services
    DOI: 10.1596/41600
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    Valuing Climate Adaptation Helps Us Orient Our Compass Toward Effective and Resilient Pathways : Climate Adaptation Costing in a Changing World (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Action ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Climate Change Adaptation Impacts ; Climate Change Impacts ; Disaster Preparedness ; Disaster Resilience ; Energy ; Energy Resources Development ; Environment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Intermediation ; Natural Resources Management ; SDG 13
    Abstract: The impacts of climatic shocks are already being felt across Europe and are bound to intensify in line with further climate change. Even rapid and far-reaching progress on decarbonization cannot avoid the extent of climate change that is already locked in due to past emissions. These trends call for urgent climate adaptation investment strategies that can prepare countries for a wide range of climate hazards and their complex impacts across communities and economic sectors. However, formulating concrete investment strategies can be challenging as adaptation needs are vast and difficult to estimate. To overcome this challenge, this report reviews evidence-based prioritization and costing approaches and illustrates their application in a series of case studies. These approaches can support policy makers in identifying bankable and effective adaptation investments, raising and allocating adequate financing, and thus ultimately facilitating more effective climate change adaptation across Europe
    DOI: 10.1596/41594
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    Health Financial Sustainability and Resilience Assessment Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Sustainability ; Health ; Health Policy and Management ; Health Services ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; HFSRA ; SDG 3
    Abstract: This report presents the results of adapting and applying the Health Financing Sustainability and Resilience Assessment (HFSRA) framework to the Mexican context to identify valuable lessons that can be useful for contextualizing the use of HFSRA to the needs of other countries. The framework assesses health financing based on four core concepts: sufficiency, sustainability, resilience, and efficiency. For the HFSRA case study in Mexico, sufficiency is the main focus, with resilience and sustainability adding a time dimension to the analysis
    DOI: 10.1596/41566
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    Scaling Up Global Partnerships : The AFD Group and the World Bank Group (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Affordable and Clean Energy ; Climate Action ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Environment ; Governance ; Governance In Public Sector ; Greenhouse Gas Accounting ; Growth From Emerging Markets ; International Governmental Organizations ; No Poverty ; Partnership For The Goals ; Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions ; Poverty Reduction ; Reduced Inequalities ; SDG 1 ; SDG 10 ; SDG 13 ; SDG 16 ; SDG 17 ; SDG 7
    Abstract: This document recognizes and celebrates the partnership between the AFD Group and the World Bank Group (WBG), which is a model of international development cooperation. The partnership is now scaling up to tackle the most pressing challenges of our time: climate change, poverty, and inequality. By joining forces and aligning efforts, the two institutions are addressing socioeconomic progress, building stability and security in fragile settings, investing in health and education to strengthen countries' human capital, and taking a strong and resolute stand on the climate crisis. The document summarizes the partnership between AFD Group and the World Bank Group, then highlights examples of successful collaboration at various levels of engagement from global and thematic to country and project levels. It concludes with suggestions to replicate and scale up the partnership's success. The partnership was ahead of its time and now serves as an exemplary model. At a time when the international development community is emphasizing the importance of partnerships to maximize the use of limited official development assistance (ODA) funds and shared global knowledge, the partnership stands out with its successful record of accomplishment for more than a decade
    DOI: 10.1596/41556
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    A Case Study on Korea's R and D Tax Incentives : Principles, Practices, and Lessons for Developing Countries (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Developing Countries ; Innovation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; RDTI ; Research and Development Tax Incentive ; Taxation and Subsidies
    Abstract: R and D tax incentives (RDTIs) are among the most popular instruments that governments in both developing and developed economies employ to induce private investment in research and development (R and D). RDTIs can influence a host of development drivers: the quantity and quality of innovation, the mobility of innovation activity and of researchers across regions and countries, the dynamism of firms, the quality of firms and researchers, and the high-level direction of research efforts. However, in developing countries, settling on the right design features of RDTIs continues to be an important challenge. This case study aims to identify some principles for adapting good international practices for designing RDTIs to the specific features and conditions prevailing in developing countries. It explores the existing evidence on the functioning and impacts of RDTI schemes in Korea and in Asian and Latin American countries comparable to Indonesia, the Philippines, and Viet Nam. Practitioners from those countries can take a closer look at RDTI schemes to frame a discussion about the composition of design and implementation features considering the international experience
    DOI: 10.1596/41543
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    Guinea-Bissau Economic Update, Spring 2024 : Retiring the Fiscal Risk (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Economic Forecasting ; Economic Growth ; Fiscal Policy ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Pensions ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Public Debt ; Real Sector ; SDG 1
    Abstract: The Guinea-Bissau Economic Update monitors significant recent economic developments in the country, highlighting the key structural challenges Guinea-Bissau faces in its pursuit of inclusive and sustained growth
    DOI: 10.1596/41539
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    Mainstreaming Universal Accessibility in Senegal's Built Environment : Practical Guide Senegal (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Disabilities ; Environment and Health ; Good Health and Well-Being ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Inequality ; Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions ; Poverty Reduction ; Reduced Inequalities ; Saint-Louis Emergency Recovery and Resilience Project (SERRP) ; SDG 16 ; SDG 1O ; SDG 3 ; Social Development ; Social Inclusion ; Social Protections and Labor ; Urban Development
    Abstract: Persons with disabilities are particularly vulnerable, as they suffer disproportionately from social and economic stigmatization and various forms of exclusion. Intensifying inequalities affect persons with disabilities, their caregivers and their families. Similarly, natural disasters and extreme climatic phenomena, aggravated by climate change, instability, and conflict, disproportionately affect the lives and livelihoods of persons with disabilities and worsen their living conditions. This practical guide aims to improve the consideration of universal accessibility (UA) in the built environment. The guide was developed within the framework of the Saint-Louis Emergency Recovery and Resilience Project (SERRP), financed by the World Bank, with technical assistance provided under the mainstreaming universal accessibility in the World Bank's urban operations initiative
    DOI: 10.1596/41528
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    Maldives Development Update, May 2024 : Scaling Back and Rebuilding Buffers (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Economic Growth ; Fiscal Consolidation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Maldives Monetary Authority ; Public Debt ; Tourism
    Abstract: The Maldives experienced a slowdown in economic growth in 2023, despite an increase in tourist arrivals. The GDP growth rate was 4.0 percent, well below the pre-pandemic trend. The increase in tourist arrivals did not lead to higher GDP growth due to a decline in spending per tourist. Inflation rose in early 2023 due to increased tax rates and high commodity prices, particularly in food and non-alcoholic beverages. The government managed to ease pressure on utility prices and transportation through subsidies. The country faced large external imbalances and a decline in foreign exchange reserves, leading to liquidity pressures. The fiscal deficit increased to 13.2 percent of GDP, driven by high levels of capital spending and subsidies. Key reforms for stabilization were not implemented, resulting in the need for a supplementary budget. The Maldives Monetary Authority financed the budget deficit, and banks' exposure to the sovereign remained high. The country has a high risk of debt distress and is vulnerable to domestic and external shocks. A large fiscal consolidation is urgently needed to ensure fiscal and debt sustainability. Tourism is expected to drive medium-term prosperity, but downside risks remain due to external and fiscal vulnerabilities. The baseline projections for GDP growth in the medium term are lower than previous forecasts due to expected fiscal adjustments and lower tourist spending. Inflation is projected to rise in 2024 due to planned subsidy reforms. Difficulties in liquidity management and failure to implement fiscal reforms pose risks to the economic outlook. Developing alternative growth drivers and reducing SOE involvement in economic activity are crucial for long-term growth
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    Yemen Poverty and Equity Assessment : Living in Dire Conditions (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Poverty Assessment
    Keywords: Access To Electricity ; Access To Water ; Education and Health ; Food Insecurity ; Poverty Assessment ; Poverty Reduction ; SDG 1
    Abstract: This assessment overcomes these limitations to develop a holistic analysis of poverty in Yemen. It is possible to use data on key areas, such as food security and other forms of vulnerability, paired with rigorous analysis of key political economy developments since the outbreak of war, to tell the story of the country's evolving poverty context. To achieve this, the assessment triangulates across multiple data sources including phone surveys, face-to-face surveys in IRG-controlledareas, geospatial data such as the agricultural stress index, and qualitative interviews with select in-country respondents and subject matter experts. The assessment first examines data on food insecurity--a good stand-in for poverty figures in highly stressed contexts such as Yemen's--before examining available data on other dimensions of poverty
    DOI: 10.1596/41522
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    The Knowledge Compact for Action : Transforming Ideas Into Development Impact - For a World Free of Poverty on a Livable Planet (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Climate Change Impacts ; Communicable Diseases ; Environment ; Governance ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; ICT Applications ; Inequality ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Innovation and Infrastructure ; International Governmental Organizations ; No Poverty ; Partnership For The Goals ; Poverty Reduction ; SDG 1 ; SDG 17 ; SDG 9 ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Technology and Innovation
    Abstract: Today's global challenges are bigger, more complex, and more intertwined than ever before, from the relentless grip of poverty and stubborn persistence of inequality to the devastations caused by climate disasters, fragility, pandemics, and conflicts. Financing and investments alone cannot solve these problems in a global context of higher debt and scarce resources. Now more than ever, clients are demanding innovative ideas and successful experiences from other countries to tackle the ongoing and emerging global crises, regain the development progress of past decades and move faster towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. At the same time, recent breakthroughs in technology, including the rapid advances in artificial intelligence, offer enormous potential to revolutionize development work. Policymakers and practitioners across the globe are poised to benefit from new tools to innovate, act based on evidence and accelerate the transformation of new ideas into development outcomes that improve lives of the poor. This paper articulates the strategic direction of the Knowledge Compact for Action, which seeks to empower all WBG clients, public and private, by systematically making the latest development knowledge available to respond more effectively to increasingly complex development challenges. The Compact seizes the opportunity of the digital revolution, bringing together the wealth of data analytics, research and best practices accumulated by the WBG over decades and combining this knowledge with the WBG's proven mix of public-private finance to power learning and innovative solutions. This includes capturing the tacit knowledge embedded in operations for policymakers and development practitioners to easily access lessons of development successes and failures in other countries. Ultimately, the Compact aims to take knowledge to a new level, placing it front and center of the WBG's work to end extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity on a livable planet
    DOI: 10.1596/41516
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    FY 2023 Uzbekistan Country Opinion Survey (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Effectiveness ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Social Accountability ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Uzbekistan assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Uzbekistan perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Uzbekistan on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Uzbekistan; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Uzbekistan; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Uzbekistan; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Uzbekistan
    DOI: 10.1596/41147
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    Unleashing Rail Station Potential through Station Redevelopment (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Mobility and Transport Connectivity
    Keywords: BART ; Bot Concession ; Denver ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Italy ; Kuala Lumpur ; Madrid ; Melbourne ; PPP ; Private Participation in Infrastructure ; Railways ; San Francisco ; Tokyo ; Urban Development
    Abstract: Railways play an important role in the transportation systems of many developing countries. Railways stations are a key but often neglected part of this railway service. Many countries are considering railway station redevelopment to improve their rail service. They include many developing countries In this report, the term redevelopment refers to changes to existing stations (as opposed to new development). It encompasses refurbishment, renovation, or improvement to station buildings, platforms, and operational rail infrastructure and to the land in its surrounding areas. Much of this report will focus on the redevelopment of the railway station building itself, as this is often the first level of station redevelopment considered. While station redevelopment projects provide many benefits, they are complex to deliver and require a unique set of knowledge, skills, and know-how. This is particularly true when the railway intends to deliver a project through a public-private partnership (PPP) scheme. PPPs require appropriate institutional arrangement with financial and legal expertise to structure, procure, and implement PPP transactions successfully. The objective of this report is to provide railway authorities and policy makers with guidance and knowledge to help in design and implementation of railway station redevelopment projects, leading to more viable and successful projects
    DOI: 10.1596/40830
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    Global Economic Prospects, January 2024 (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 pages)
    Series Statement: Global Economic Prospects
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Commodity Prices ; Debt Relief ; Emerging and Developing Economies ; Exchange Rates ; Fiscal Frameworks ; Food Price Volatility ; GDP Growth ; Inflation ; Interest Rates ; Macroeconomics ; Trade
    Abstract: Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing economies, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). Each edition includes analytical pieces on topical policy challenges faced by these economies
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    Liberia Country Climate Development Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Climate and Development Reports (CCDRs)
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Finance ; Inlcusive Growth ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Resilience
    Abstract: This Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) examines Liberia's development trajectory through the lens of the country's vulnerability to climate change. It identifies Liberia's development risks and opportunities, models various scenarios of climate impact and intervention, and proposes ways to strengthen resilience and finance climate actions that support Liberia's development aspirations of inclusive growth and poverty reduction
    DOI: 10.1596/41241
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    Beneficial Ownership Registers : Implementation Insights and Emerging Frontiers (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Insight
    Keywords: Anti-Corruption ; Beneficial Ownership Registers (BOR) ; Education Reform and Management ; Governance ; Law and Development ; Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions ; Primary Education ; Property and Land Law ; SDG 16
    Abstract: This EFI Insight distills critical insights from the implementation of Beneficial Ownership Registers (BORs) in Nigeria, North Macedonia, Kenya, and the United Kingdom. The experiences of these countries offer valuable lessons for similar reform efforts worldwide aimed at enhancing beneficial ownership transparency
    DOI: 10.1596/41470
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    Island Insights : Surging Seas and Increasing Rains -- Analyzing Flood Risks in Sao Tome and Principe, District by District (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Keywords: Capital Markets and Capital Flows ; Climate Change ; Environment ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; Rural Development ; Urban Development
    Abstract: This study's aim was to assess the growing flood risk Sao Tome and Principe (STP) faces due to climate change. It achieved this by carrying out a nationwide risk assessment for riverine and coastal flooding. The study used recently completed high-resolution national flood hazard data for the present climate (2020) and two projected climates (in 2050 and 2080), based on the climate scenario Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP)3-7.0, a medium to high reference scenario resulting from no additional climate policy under the SSP3 socioeconomic development narrative. This flood risk assessment examines the potential impacts and risks to people, buildings, healthcare facilities, the education sector, and tourism under both present and future climate conditions. It shows that flood risk is driven frequent flood events. There is a significant increase of flood risk under future climate conditions
    DOI: 10.1596/41407
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    A Carbon Market Guidebook for Kenyan Enterprises (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Keywords: Carbon Market ; Climate Change ; Digital Divide ; Environment ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; ICT Applications ; Information Technology ; Private Sector Development ; Public Expenditure Management ; Public Sector Development
    Abstract: Enterprises in Kenya encompass a diverse and dynamic landscape, representing a crucial driver of economic growth and employment opportunities in the country. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a pivotal role, contributing significantly to the nation's gross domestic product (GDP) and accounting for 90 percent of the labor force. Enterprises must scale their climate action to meet Kenya's climate mitigation and adaptation goals. However, the lack of funding has limited their contribution to the climate agenda. Debt constitutes most of enterprises' funding, but the price of debt remains very high and loan tenors are short. The availability of patient capital, including private equity, is also low. Carbon markets can be an important vehicle to support an enterprise's climate action. Crucially, carbon markets function as a source of non-debt, results-based financing that does not require prior assets or collateral, potentially enabling enterprises in Kenya that struggle to access other sources of climate finance to grow. Despite this potential and the government of Kenya's commitment to scale carbon markets, Kenya's participation in international carbon markets remains concentrated, with most credits issued by a handful of developers. Many enterprises also have limited understanding on how they should develop and monetize carbon credits. The purpose of this guidebook is therefore to provide practical step-by-step guidance to help enterprises navigate the complex and fast-evolving landscape of carbon markets
    DOI: 10.1596/41384
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    Pakistan Federal Public Expenditure Review 2023 (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Keywords: Debt Management ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Fiscal Deficit ; GDP ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; PER ; Public and Municipal Finance
    Abstract: This federal Public Expenditure Review (PER) analyzes the key drivers of Pakistan's fiscal deficits and explores how the Federal Government can regain fiscal and debt sustainability, in accordance with the fiscal rules set forth in the FRDLA 2005. The report builds upon previous studies, provides new and updated analysis, and suggests policy measures for fiscal consolidation that could bring the fiscal deficit to under 3.5 percent of GDP and public debt below 60 percent of GDP, as stipulated by the FRDLA 2005. This is the first PER report since 2010 and it is the first federal-level PER since the implementation of the 18th Constitutional Amendment and the 7th National Finance Commission (NFC) Award in 2010, which represented a major shift in the country's national fiscal architecture. While there have been three provincial PERs since 2010, there has not been a federal-level PER released since then, presenting a substantial knowledge gap
    DOI: 10.1596/41482
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    Resilience Rating System : A Methodology for Building and Tracking Resilience to Climate Change - Synthesizing Key Lessons from IDA19 Piloting (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Environment ; IDA19 ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Rating System ; Resilience ; RRS
    Abstract: In response to the growing recognition that measuring inputs, such as climate finance, is not enough to capture the impacts of investments, the World Bank Group developed the Resilience Rating System (RRS). Developed over a two-year, multi-sectoral consultative process through close collaboration with internal and external actors, the RRS methodology aims to guide investment decisions and improve climate resilience in project design and outcomes. The methodology report is publicly available. The RRS evaluates and rates investment projects from C to A+, based on their resilience attributes in two complementary dimensions. The resilience of rating considers a project's design, reflecting the confidence that it will achieve its expected objectives and maximize development benefits in the face of climate and disaster risks. The resilience through rating considers a project's outcomes and reflects its contribution to improving climate resilience in the broader community, sector and systems, and to driving transformational adaptation. Combining the two dimension ratings provides an overall project rating, from CC to A+A+
    DOI: 10.1596/41225
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    Charting a Blue Course : Investment Projects for the Blue Economy Transition in Sao Tome e Principe (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Keywords: Artisanal Coastal Fleet ; Blue Cabotage ; Blue Economy ; Blue Tourism ; Coastal and Marine Environment ; Environment ; Investment Projects ; STP
    Abstract: The Democratic Republic of Sao Tome e Principe (STP) is the smallest independent island state in Africa, having gained independence in 1975, following the Seychelles. STP has a predominantly young population. However, as an island micro-state, the country faces many development problems specific to islands and small countries, such as weak governance capacity, the inability to provide basic services to the population, and a lack of adequate infrastructure (ports, electricity, airports). Additionally, high production and distribution costs of goods and services, including food products, exacerbate the poverty level of the population. The virtually nonexistent corporate structure and undiversified, highly dependent economy make the country vulnerable to exogenous shocks. To address these challenges, STP developed and adopted a Transition Strategy for the Blue Economy in December 2019. This strategy aims to establish the coherence of public policies linked to oceanic resources with the policies of other sectors, such as fisheries and aquaculture, tourism, and energy. The purpose of this paper is to consolidate the analysis of the three investment projects prioritized for inclusion in the National Investment Plan for the Blue Economy. While the report does not imply endorsement of these projects by the World Bank and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), its primary objective is to illuminate the drivers of cost and benefit associated with the priorities already identified by the government of Sao Tome e Principe
    DOI: 10.1596/41183
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    FY 2023 Sao Tome and Principe Country Opinion Survey Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Aid Effectiveness ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Social Accountability ; Social Development ; World Bank Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Sao Tome and Principe assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Sao Tome and Principe perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Sao Tome and Principe on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Sao Tome and Principe; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Sao Tome and Principe; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Sao Tome and Principe; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Sao Tome and Principe
    DOI: 10.1596/41172
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    Zimbabwe Gender Assessment (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Gender Assessment
    Keywords: Equality ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Women ; Women's Empowerment
    Abstract: The aim of this report is to gather evidence that will identify priorities and actions by stakeholders towards positively influencing, up scaling and accelerating gender equality and women's empowerment in Zimbabwe. The report consolidates information on gender gaps and drivers of inequality in human endowments, economic opportunities, ownership and control of assets, and voice and agency. This includes identifying factors that deepen inequalities, and effectiveness of current policies and programming in narrowing gender disparities. The aim is to also identify promising and good practices that can potentially be replicated for greater impact, cascading to all areas in the country. The analysis guided by a conceptual framework that describes the ways households, markets, and institutions (both formal and informal), and their interactions all influence gender equality and economic development outcomes. Additionally, attention is paid to intersecting identities of women and men that affect their ability to access services and opportunities, including disability status, place of residence and other socio cultural and economic factors. The assessment draws on several data sources collected using mixed methods. Available quantitative and qualitative data sources form the basis of the assessment, including surveys, national and institutional reports and broader feminist and economic literature. Robust stakeholder consultations, including representatives from Government of Zimbabwe (GoZ), development partners, the United Nations (UN), Non- Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and communities grounded the analysis and provided insights into priority setting and forward-looking strategies
    DOI: 10.1596/41146
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    Bhutan Development Update - Special section : Labor Market and Jobs in Bhutan (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Economic Growth Diagnostics ; Labor Diagnostics ; Macroeconomic Analysis of Economic Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Public and Municipal Finance
    Abstract: Bhutan's economy has recovered from the series of shocks resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia's invasion of Ukraine. After experiencing contractions of 2.5 percent and 3.3 percent in FY19/20 and FY20/21, respectively, the economy exhibited signs of recovery in subsequent years. As pandemic-related relief measures were gradually phased out and capital expenditures moderated, the fiscal deficit saw a decline in FY22/23. Borders were open for tourists in September 2022, though tourists' arrivals remained below the pre-COVID level. In December 2023, Bhutan achieved the milestone of graduating from the United Nations (UN) least developed country (LDC) status. Yet, the country faces several macroeconomic challenges. Fiscal deficit is widening due to slowdown in revenue and increase in current expenditure. The national investment in cryptocurrency mining operations resulted in a significant decline of international reserves and a widening of the current account deficit (CAD) due to imports of information technology (IT) equipment and related goods for cryptocurrency mining. Going forward, a fiscal consolidation to keep the fiscal deficit and public debt at a sustainable level and improvement in the external balances would be important to achieve Bhutan's medium to long term goals
    DOI: 10.1596/41369
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    FY 2023 Turkiye Country Opinion Survey Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Social Accountability ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Turkiye assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Turkiye perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Turkiye on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Turkiye; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Turkiye; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Turkiye; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Turkiye
    DOI: 10.1596/41305
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  • 76
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    Burkina Faso : Agro-Silvo-Pastoral Sector Public Expenditure Review (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Keywords: Agribusiness ; Agricultural Finance ; Agriculture ; Gender and Economic Policy ; Gender and Social Policy ; Quality of Employment ; Social Conflict and Violence ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: In Burkina Faso, agriculture is the primary source of employment for the population, but it faces challenges due to low productivity and poor water management, exacerbated by the adverse effects of climate change. Increases in grain production have been achieved through the expansion of cultivated areas, thereby putting significant pressure on natural resources. At the policy level, agriculture has been identified as a priority sector for the transformation of Burkina Faso's economic structure as outlined in the Second National Plan for Economic and Social Development (PNDES II). At the institutional and organizational level, the implementation of the program budgeting since 2017, shifting from funds-based budgeting to outcome-based budgeting, aims at enhancing the efficiency of public expenditure by focusing on outcomes. The structure of the program budgeting includes more than twenty distinct budget programs. This large number of budget programs poses challenges in terms of coordination, optimization, and capitalization of public action in favor of the agricultural sector. In this context, the World Bank undertakes this third agriculture public expenditure review to help the Government of Burkina Faso produce evidence on the structure of public expenditures. In addition to the classic analysis of the efficiency of expenditure allocation, the efficiency of budget execution, as well as coordination, monitoring and evaluation, and accountability mechanisms in the sector, the report will examine the incidence and impact of public expenditures by analyzing four specific cases: (i) input subsidies, (ii) hydro-agricultural facilities and irrigation; (iii) agricultural finance, and (iv) expenditures allocated to forestry and natural resources
    DOI: 10.1596/41419
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  • 77
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    Double Trouble? : Assessing Climate Physical and Transition Risks for the Moroccan Banking Sector (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Impacts ; Economic Policy ; Environment ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Green Growth
    Abstract: There is growing awareness globally about the potential impacts of climate change on financial stability. Climate-related financial risks can be broadly grouped into two categories: (i) climate physical risks, which are financial risks stemming from the gradual and abrupt impacts of climate change (primarily droughts and floods in the case of Morocco, as highlighted by the ongoing severe drought event and recent floods), and (ii) climate transition risks, which are financial risks that can result from the transition to a low-carbon economy, for example, due to changes in climate policy, technology, or market sentiment. The purpose of this report is to better understand the impact of these climate risks on Morocco's banking sector. This includes understanding the banking sector's exposure to sectors and regions that are vulnerable to climate physical and transition risks, as well as a quantification of climate impacts on banks' balance sheets under different scenarios. This report also takes stock of the Moroccan banking sector's current risk management practices and the supervisory response to climate-related financial risks
    DOI: 10.1596/41405
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  • 78
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    Bhutan : Public Expenditure Review (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Bhutan ; Domestic Revenue Administration ; Early Childhood Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fiscal Policy ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Public Expenditure Management
    Abstract: Despite Bhutan's distinctive geographical and economic challenges, Bhutan has maintained a relatively high average real GDP growth rate of 8.8 percent over FY00-01-FY09-10, which is greater than the average of South Asian countries as well as low and middle-income economies. Bhutan's mountainous topography and dense network of rivers offer vast hydropower potential, which the country has been harnessing since the mid-1980s with the commissioning of the Chhukha Hydropower Project in 1986. However, due to a slower rate of growth of hydropower capacity, real GDP growth in Bhutan declined over the last decade, averaging only 3.5 percent, which was lower than the growth rates of regional peers and middle-income economies. Bhutan maintained a relatively strong fiscal position prior to COVID, but the situation has deteriorated recently. Bhutan's revenue to GDP ratio averaged at around 30 percent of GDP over FY10-11 and FY21-22, supported by revenue from hydropower projects and sizable external grants. However, revenue was on a declining trend that was further exacerbated by the onset of COVID-19. The pandemic necessitated an expansionary fiscal stance and led to delays in the commissioning of new hydropower projects. In the aftermath of the pandemic, despite a rapid phasing out of extraordinary outlays and containment in current expenditures, the government continued to provide fiscal support to boost economic activity by frontloading the 12th Five Year Plan (FYP) covering 2018-2023, resulting in a rise in capital expenditure. Consequently, the fiscal deficit widened from around 2 percent in FY18-19 to 6.7 percent of GDP in FY20-21 and further to 8.4 percent in FY21-22, the highest in over a decade. A Fiscal Sustainability Analysis (FSA) based on the MTMF assumptions indicates that fiscal consolidation is critical to ensure fiscal sustainability. The fiscal situation significantly worsens if capital expenditures are maintained at current levels of 18.1 percent of GDP rather than reducing them to 10.2 percent in the medium term as assumed in the MTMF. The fiscal outlook depends crucially on the commissioning dates of the hydropower projects. Bhutan needs to prepare for contingent scenarios and create fiscal buffers that could protect the country from negative shocks
    DOI: 10.1596/41400
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  • 79
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    Public Sector Accounting Assessment (PULSE) Tool User Manual (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Keywords: Disease Control and Prevention ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Public Sector Accounting Analysis ; Public Sector Accounting Management ; Public Sector Development
    Abstract: The PULSE web-based tool facilitates the management of a PULSE assessment. Since the assessment process may take up to six months and involves many experts to perform tasks (like scoring and quality assurance), the PULSE Tool enables the process to be managed easily in a logical, methodical way. It guides the Assessment Team Leader and other experts through the assessment lifecycle such that no important step can be overlooked. The PULSE Tool is available 24*7 and also contains a communications module that keeps all the experts informed of progress. The PULSE Handbook contains all the details and definitions of the assessment process. This manual assumes that users are at least familiar with the handbook and the assessment process. In the introductory paragraphs that follow, important concepts that pertain to use of the PULSE Tool will be reiterated for the convenience of users
    DOI: 10.1596/41371
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  • 80
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    Reforms for a Brighter Future : Time to Decide - Policy Notes: Fundamental Policy Shifts for Pakistan's Sustainable Economic Development (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Economic Growth and Planning ; Environment ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: Pakistan is at a critical decision point. While there have been recent important examples of reform progress, economic policies over past years and decades have had overall negative impacts on sustainability, productivity, and investment. As Pakistan has fallen behind its peers, progress with poverty reduction has ceased. Human development outcomes remain dire, while the benefits of growth have accrued disproportionately to a narrow elite. Amid continued rapid population growth and a youth bulge, a growing number of young Pakistanis are frustrated by the lack of opportunities, with prospects for young women especially bleak. Pakistan is among the countries most impacted by climate change, and recent events, including the 2022 floods, have highlighted the urgent need for investment in climate resilience. The economy is now, again, sustained by a short-term International Monetary Fund (IMF) program, inflation is at record highs, the rupee has depreciated sharply, while foreign exchange reserves remain at uncomfortably low levels. Recent policy measures (including the restoration of exchange rate flexibility, subsidy reforms, and movements towards fiscal constraint) have supported economic stabilization, but the underpinning drivers of Pakistan's economic fragility remain to be addressed. This note presents critical policy shifts required to move beyond the current low equilibrium towards sustainable and inclusive economic development and poverty reduction. This note summarizes the accompanying series of policy notes. It: (i) outlines Pakistan's current development challenge; (ii) identifies the critical constraints to faster development progress; (iii) describes the major policy shifts that will be required to address current constraints; and (iv) presents broad principles to guide implementation of required reforms
    DOI: 10.1596/41358
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    Armenia Public Sector Accountability Survey : Main Results and Recommendations (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Insight
    Keywords: Anticorruption Agenda ; Governance ; Governance and Financial Sector ; Integrity Risks ; Law and Development ; Public Administration ; Public Procurement
    Abstract: The Armenia public sector accountability survey is instrumental in addressing the disparities between de jure laws and regulations and de facto practices and seeks to fill existing knowledge gaps and inform further definition and implementation of the government's anticorruption initiatives. The survey was implemented by the Corruption Prevention Commission (CPC) and the World Bank. It aimed to: (i) provide a comprehensive assessment of the patterns and determinants of integrity risks, and how they can impact productivity and performance in the public administration in Armenia; (ii) understand the perceptions of Armenian public servants regarding ongoing anticorruption initiatives, their awareness of integrity risks, and the needs for further interventions; and (iii) generate evidence, support and inform further definition of reforms and anticorruption initiatives that help address and counter weak integrity practices in the public sector in Armenia. By highlighting the disparities between de jure laws and de facto practices, particularly in terms of integrity within the public sector, this survey aimed to serve as a cornerstone for informing effective implementation in targeted interventions and bridging the gap between policy intentions and actual practices within Armenia's governance. The Armenia public sector accountability survey was aimed at public servants in selected public entities in Armenia, including central ministries and agencies, regional governments, and selected municipalities across the country. The analysis of the survey findings is anchored in the government production function conceptual framework and adjusted to explicitly take into account the drivers and consequences of corruption
    DOI: 10.1596/40949
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  • 82
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    Public Expenditure and Institutional Review and Financial Management in Education Analysis : Preventing a Lost Decade in Education in the Lao PDR (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Covid-19 Impact ; Current Status Of Education ; Curriculum and Instruction ; Education ; Education and Employment ; Education Finance ; Education Financing ; Education Quality ; Education Resource Allocation ; Education Sector Spending ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Motivation For Education
    Abstract: The education sector in the Lao PDR (Laos) faces significant challenges. Access to education improved over of the past decade but substantial gaps remain, and previous progress is being undermined by the impacts of COVID-19 and ongoing economic difficulties. The quality of education was already poor before these shocks. The sector is severely underfunded due to a steep decline in public resources allocated to education. In addition, limited job prospects for graduates reduce demand for quality education. To prevent these challenges from causing a lost decade for education in Laos, urgent attention is needed in three areas. First, the government should implement comprehensive economic and fiscal reforms to increase available resources for education and facilitate private sector development to create income earning opportunities for graduates. Second, resource allocation within the sector should be improved for equity and balance. Lastly, the education sector needs to better translate available resources into the learning outcomes of children and youth by reducing inefficiencies and rigidities that constrain the key drivers of learning: teachers, school financing, teaching and learning materials, and school infrastructure. Addressing constraints in these three areas will help reverse the decline in education financing, close access gaps, and enhance service quality
    DOI: 10.1596/40940
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  • 83
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    Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Mocha, May 2023, Myanmar : Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Cyclonic Storm ; Environment ; Grade Methodology ; Natural Disasters ; Rakhine State ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Extremely severe cyclonic storm Mocha made landfall as a Category 4-equivalent cyclone in the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale on Sunday May 14, 2023, at 07:07 UTC (14:07 local time) around Sittwe city, the capital of Rakhine State, Myanmar. Given the fragile and conflict-affected situation with limited access in Myanmar, the World Bank has adopted the Global RApid post-disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) methodology to estimate damages arising from Cyclone Mocha. GRADE is a remote, desktop analysis to estimate damage to capital stock. This report summarizes the results of the GRADE conducted to assess damages following the impact of Extremely severe cyclonic storm Mocha in Myanmar during May 2023
    DOI: 10.1596/40921
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  • 84
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    Our Digital Earth : Insights and Opportunities from the World Settlement Footprint (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Conflict and Development ; Disaster Management ; Earth Observation ; Environment ; ICT Applications ; ICT Data and Statistics ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Natural Disasters ; Natural Hazards ; World Settlement Footprint (WSF)
    Abstract: Earth observation is a crucial source of accurate and up-to-date information of Earth's natural and manmade environments that are critical when planning for, responding to, and mitigating the effects of natural hazards. Satellites that regularly collect images of the entire globe combined--with machine learning algorithms to process them more efficiently--have the potential to provide timely, standardized, verifiable, and scalable information. This report focuses on the use of Earth observation to identify built-up areas exposed to natural hazards. It describes the World Settlement Footprint (WSF) suite of derived datasets, developed by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in collaboration with the European Space Agency (ESA), the Google Earth Engine team, and the World Bank. These gridded datasets capture the extent of built-up areas from 1985-2015 and again for 2019, estimated building heights, impervious surfaces, and estimated population. Earth observation derived information is particularly useful for standardized and recurring World Bank operations. The report looks at several World Bank operations, and the key insights provided through analysis incorporating the various WSF suite products
    DOI: 10.1596/41229
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  • 85
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    More, Better, and Inclusive Jobs in Kazakhstan : Social Protection and Jobs Europe and Central Asia - Analytical Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Data Development and Gender ; Economic Growth ; Employment and Unemployment ; Human Development and Gender ; Labor Market Policy and Programs ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Development and Poverty ; Social Protection Delivery Systems ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The following analytical report summarizes the technical notes and presentations prepared by the World Bank and the Workforce Development Center under the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of Population of Kazakhstan (MLSPP). These works aimed to support the MLSPP in the preparation of the Concept Plan of Labor Market Development for 2024-2029. The teams analyzed existing barriers and the potential for the creation of quality jobs in Kazakhstan because employment is essential for economic growth, which contributes to reducing poverty. Despite slower economic growth and some institutional challenges, Kazakhstan, nevertheless, has been successful at reducing the poverty rate. The major factor contributing to Kazakhstan's growth has been productivity, regardless of the period. A much lower contribution stems from labor market factors and employment rates. Therefore, the teams focused on how to boost firm productivity to increase the number and accessibility of better jobs, as well as how to develop skills and provide good education to the different groups of the population and prepare people for new and old jobs. Based on the material delivered by the World Bank, the WDC and other local expert groups, the MLSPP was able to draft the Concept Plan of Labor Market Development for 2024-2029, which the Government of Kazakhstan approved on November 28, 2023
    DOI: 10.1596/41222
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  • 86
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    ID4D Diagnostic in Sao Tome e Principe (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Keywords: Civil Registration ; Digital Societies ; Economic Forecasting ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Governance ; Identification Systems ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Sustainable Development
    Abstract: The World Bank Group's Identification for Development (ID4D) Initiative harnesses global and cross sectoral knowledge, World Bank financing instruments, and partnerships to help countries realize the transformational potential of identification (ID) systems, including civil registration (CR). The aim is to enable all people to exercise their rights and access better services and economic opportunities in line with the Sustainable Development Goals. This is especially important as countries transition to digital economies, digital governments, and digital societies, where inclusive and trusted means of verifying identity are essential to ensure accessibility and data protection
    DOI: 10.1596/41368
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  • 87
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    Harnessing Human Capital for Growth in Croatia : Unleashing Potential for Economic Takeoff amid Demographic and Technological Change (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Keywords: Communicable Diseases ; Education ; Health Policy and Management ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Job Skills ; Labor Market Policy and Programs ; Reproductive Health ; Social Protections and Labor ; Social Safety Nets
    Abstract: The report is structured as follows. Chapter 1 discusses the labor market constraints facing different segments of the working-age population, which can inform how to make work attractive. Chapter 2 explores the factors that are discouraging older people from re-entering the labor market and the need to optimize pension design to promote healthier and longer working lives. Chapter 3 explores ways to enhance human capital formation through the lifecycle, starting with early childcare and education, followed by upper secondary school, secondary VET, tertiary education, TVET and adult training. Chapter 4 identifies the enabling conditions needed to ensure that net migration can have a positive impact on the growth of economic participation and productivity. Chapter 5 focuses on ways to leverage public-private partnerships to providetraining and activation services and on how ALMPs could best be used to increase labor market participation. Finally, Chapter 6 explores the role that social protection can play in stimulating participation in the labor market
    DOI: 10.1596/41361
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  • 88
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    FY 2024 Somalia Country Opinion Survey Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Country Social Analysis ; Data-Driven City Management ; Governance ; ICT Data and Statistics ; Information and Communication Technologies ; International Governmental Organizations ; Partnership For The Goals ; Public Sector Survey Design ; SDG 17
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Somalia assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Somalia perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Somalia on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Somalia; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Somalia; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Somalia; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Somalia
    DOI: 10.1596/41563
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  • 89
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    The Evolution, Practice and Impact of Participatory Budgeting in Kenya : The Kenya Accountable Devolution Program (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Budget Execution System ; Citizen Engagement ; Democratic Government ; Devolution ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Governance ; Local Government ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participatory Government ; Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions ; SDG 16 ; Transparency In Licensing
    Abstract: Citizen engagement is critical to achieving an effective devolution process. The success of devolution in delivering good quality services in Kenya is inextricably linked to the extent to which counties provide their citizens with adequate information on budgets and service delivery performance, empower them to participate and contribute to decision-making, and are held accountable. For a decade, counties in Kenya have been translating into action the legal principles on transparency, accountability, and public participation as enshrined in the Constitution of Kenya 2010. Although this has not been an easy task, counties have made notable progress, establishing systems, structures, processes, and practices for meaningful citizen engagement. One of the innovative practices adopted is participatory budgeting. With training and technical assistance from the World Bank through the Kenya Accountable Devolution Program (KADP), several counties have been implementing participatory budgeting since 2015 as an approach to achieving more inclusive and effective government
    DOI: 10.1596/41547
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  • 90
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    Innovation Policy Learning from Korea : The Case of Monitoring and Evaluation (M and E) (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Capacity and Resources ; Data and Methods ; Governance ; Innovation ; M and E ; Monitoring and Evaluation ; Science and Technology Development
    Abstract: Monitoring and Evaluation (M and E) is considered a necessary function of modern management systems, given that it addresses the requirements of accountability on one hand and the need to determine the results of implemented policies and learning outcomes on the other. In the field of innovation policy, M and E is particularly critical to enable policy learning and adaptation policy learning and adaption given the uncertain nature of innovation processes and outcomes. M and E of innovation policy interventions tends to be complex owing to a range of issues on both the governance and technical levels. The Korea experience presents an innovation policy M and E mechanism that has kept learning, evolving, and adapting to increasingly sophisticated policy practices and that, over the decades, has responded dynamically to the needs of business innovation in the country. The analysis demonstrates that Korea is a practical example for developing countries not only because of how successfully it has managed to achieve certain M and E objectives but also because of its "imperfection" and how it operated in a reality with limitations and constraints. The review of Korea's experience and international practices offer useful takeaways for developing countries on how to address the M and E challenges, especially those in governance and in capacity and resources
    DOI: 10.1596/41542
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  • 91
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    Mauritania Human Capital Review : Building, Utilizing, and Protecting Human Capital for Inclusive and Resilient Economic Development (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Keywords: Early Childhood ; Economic Growth ; Human Capital ; Human Capital Protection ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor ; Strengths and Gaps
    Abstract: This human capital review assesses human capital outcomes in Mauritania and identifies actions to strengthen, utilize, and protect human capital. The government of Mauritania has demonstrated a strong commitment to placing human capital at the forefront of its long-term vision, with dedicated efforts focused on enhancing childhood health and education outcomes. Despite Mauritania's positive initiatives, the country's human capital wealth per capita has declined over the last 20 years; and it is imperative to look at ways to quickly reverse this situation. Children born today in Mauritania will only be 38 percent as productive when they grow up as they could have been had they enjoyed complete education and full health. Increasing the productivity of Mauritanians--both men and women--and thus allowing them to fully contribute to the development of their society entails transforming the human capital challenge to a human capital opportunity. This report takes a comprehensive, cross-sectoral approach and proposes recommendations for building, protecting, and utilizing human capital in Mauritania
    DOI: 10.1596/40929
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  • 92
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    FY 2023 Serbia Country Opinion Survey : Pulse Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Serbia assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Serbia perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Serbia on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Serbia; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Serbia; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Serbia; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Serbia
    DOI: 10.1596/40911
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    FY 2023 Guinea Country Opinion Survey : Pulse Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Guinea assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Guinea perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Guinea on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Guinea; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Guinea; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Guinea; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Guinea
    DOI: 10.1596/40904
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  • 94
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    CEMAC Economic Barometer, December 2023, Vol.5 (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: CEMAC ; Country Level ; Economic Forecasting ; Economic Outlook ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth
    Abstract: The CEMAC Economic Barometer is a World Bank publication that presents a snapshot of recent developments in and the economic outlook of the CEMAC region, followed by a brief assessment at the country level. The Economic Barometer also includes a focused technical section on a theme of regional relevance. This edition's special topic provides policy options for the CEMAC countries to take better advantage of future commodity price booms
    DOI: 10.1596/40864
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  • 95
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    South Sudan Economic Monitor : Investing in Humans (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Economic Growth ; Financial Sector ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Food Security ; Inflation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Monetary Policy ; Real Sector
    Abstract: Notwithstanding slower global growth and lingering impacts of recent catastrophic floods, private sector activity, outside the oil sector, has been supported by a relative return to peace, and higher government spending. Nevertheless, the economy is estimated to have contracted by 0.4 percent in FY23/24, reflecting drags from oil production. Supported by a successful exchange rate liberalization, inflation averaged -3.2 percent in 2022 and around 3 percent in the first nine months of 2023. Monetary policy has tightened in recent months, but it remains imperative that the central bank refrain from financing the fiscal deficit. The FY23/24 budget projects a smaller financing gap of about 13 percent of budget expenditures comparedto previous years. However, financing vulnerabilities remain high because of limited fiscal and external liquidity buffers and limited debt-carrying capacity
    DOI: 10.1596/40856
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  • 96
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    The Primary Health Care System of the Republic of Kiribati : A Primary Health Care Performance Initiative Assessment (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Health Sector Review
    Keywords: Health Insurance ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; KIRIBATI ; PHP ; PHPCPI ; Vital Signs Profile
    Abstract: The assessment of Kiribati's primary health care (PHC) system, carried out by the World Bank in collaboration with the Government of Kiribati under the Primary Health Care Performance Initiative (PHCPI), marks a unique opportunity to identify the system's strengths and gaps and to catalyze further improvements. The PHCPI tools, including the Vital Signs Profile (VSP) methodology, provide important insights into the country's PHC system and generate actionable policy recommendations for improvement
    DOI: 10.1596/40847
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  • 97
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    Cambodia : Recommendations to the National Roadmap for Electric Mobility Transition (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Urban Study
    Keywords: Energy ; Energy Efficiency ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Environment ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Human Development and Gender ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: In December 2021, the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) published Cambodia's Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality (LTS4CN), which outlines the country's vision in achieving a carbon-neutral economy by 2050. As part of the long-term strategies to achieve net-zero emissions, the RGC set targets for decarbonizing the transportation sector through a combination of measures, including electrifying 70 percent of motorcycles, and 40 percent of cars and urban buses by 2050. It also aims to have 30 percent of mode share by public transport in cities by 2050
    DOI: 10.1596/41263
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  • 98
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    International Debt Report 2023 (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (210 pages)
    Series Statement: International Debt Report
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Bonds ; Creditor ; Data ; Debt ; Debtor ; Developing ; Development ; Economic ; FDI ; Finance ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Government ; Interest Payments ; Interest Rates ; Loans ; Maturity ; Principal ; Private Sector ; Public Sector ; Statistics
    Abstract: The International Debt Report (IDR) is a longstanding annual publication of the World Bank featuring external debt statistics and analysis for the 122 countries that report to the World Bank Debtor Reporting System. IDR 2023 is the 50th annual edition and includes (1) analyses of external debt stocks and flows as of end-2022 for these countries; (2) the macroeconomic and debt outlook for 2023 and beyond; (3) a focus on improved public debt transparency and the quality of debt reporting; (4) a discussion of the need for innovative approaches to debt management; (5) a commentary on how the International Debt Statistics database serves as an indispensable resource for researchers and policy makers; and (6) a one-page snapshot of relevant debt indicators and summary of debt stocks and flows for six years (2010 and 2018-22) for each country, plus global income group and regional aggregates. Unique in its coverage of the important trends and issues fundamental to the financing of low- and middle-income countries, IDR 2023 is an indispensable resource for governments, economists, investors, financial consultants, academics, bankers, and the entire development community. For more information on IDR 2023 and related products, please visit the World Bank's Debt Statistics website at www.worldbank.org/debtstatistics
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  • 99
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    People and Plastics : The Profile, Vulnerabilities, and Role of Informal Waste Workers in Addressing Marine Plastics Pollution (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Asean Region ; Informal Waste Workers ; IWW ; Livelihood Models ; Marine Plastic Waste ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor ; Vulnerabilities ; Work and Working Conditions
    Abstract: The present study focuses on a particular group of actors along the plastics collection and recycling value chain--informal waste workers (IWWs)--on whom limited information has been collected at the country level. Specifically, the study examines two questions: (i) what is the profile and vulnerabilities of informal waste workers in the three countries including gender-specific vulnerabilities; and (ii) what livelihood opportunities and community-based innovation models have been piloted in the selected countries, and can be used as case study examples in future policies and interventions, with the objectives of reducing vulnerability of IWWs and contributing to improving solid waste management and recycling value chains
    DOI: 10.1596/41193
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  • 100
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    FY 2023 Montenegro Country Opinion Survey Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Social Accountability ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Montenegro assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Montenegro perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Montenegro on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Montenegro; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Montenegro; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Montenegro; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Montenegro
    DOI: 10.1596/41167
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