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  • 2000-2004  (1)
  • 1995-1999  (73)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1997  (73)
  • OECD  (49)
  • Edward Elgar Publishing
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Year
  • 1
    Language: English , French
    Edition: [Elektronische Ressource]
    Series Statement: OECD statistics
    Keywords: Diskette
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  • 2
    Book
    Book
    Paris
    In:  gree
    ISBN: 9264153659
    Language: English
    Pages: 212 S. , graph. Darst.
    Angaben zur Quelle: gree
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    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Griechenland ; Griechenland ; Bildungspolitik
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  • 3
    Book
    Book
    Paris
    In:  mexi
    ISBN: 926415423X
    Language: English
    Pages: 226 S. , graph. Darst.
    Angaben zur Quelle: mexi
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    Keywords: Tertiärbereich ; Bildungspolitik ; Mexiko ; Mexiko ; Bildungspolitik ; Mexiko ; Tertiärbereich ; Bildungspolitik
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9264556222
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 413 S. , graph. Darst.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 1
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  • 5
    Book
    Book
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9264154787
    Language: English
    Pages: 131 S.
    DDC: 370.91722
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    Keywords: OECD ; Onderwijs ; Sociale ongelijkheid ; Unterricht ; Continuing education ; Education and state ; Educational equalization ; Educational sociology ; Bildungspolitik ; Bildung ; Chancengleichheit ; Chancengleichheit ; Bildungspolitik ; OECD ; OECD ; Bildung ; Chancengleichheit
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Éducation et équité dans les pays de l'OCDE
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9264052593
    Language: English , French
    Pages: 191 S. , Kt.
    Series Statement: Indicators of education systems
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    Keywords: OECD ; Schlüsselqualifikation ; Bildungssystem ; Indikator ; Bildungswesen ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; OECD ; Indikator ; Bildungssystem ; OECD ; Schlüsselqualifikation ; Bildungswesen ; Indikator
    Note: Text engl. und franz.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9264154841
    Language: English
    Pages: 110 S. , graph. Darst.
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Cohésion sociale et mondialisation de l'économie
    DDC: 306.3
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    Keywords: OECD ; Gesellschaft ; Wirtschaft ; Internationalisierung ; Konferenzschrift ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Konferenzschrift ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Konferenzschrift
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  • 8
    Book
    Book
    Paris : OECD Publ.
    ISBN: 9264153187
    Language: English
    Pages: 111 S. , graph Darst.
    Edition: Repr.
    Series Statement: Social policy studies 20
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Le vieillissement dans les pays de l'OCDE
    DDC: 305.26091722
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    Keywords: OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Sozialpolitik ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Altersstruktur ; Altersgruppe ; Alter ; Beschäftigung ; Altersversorgung ; Sozialreform ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Kapitalmarkt ; Geldmarkt ; Steuerpolitik ; Ältere Erwachsene ; Renten ; Lebenserwartung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Sozialpolitik ; OECD ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Altersstruktur ; Wirtschaftspolitik
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9781035305995
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiii, 376 pages) , illustrations
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Jossa, Bruno, 1935 - The economic theory of socialism and the labour-managed firm
    DDC: 335
    Keywords: Marxismus ; Selbstverwalteter Betrieb ; Management ; Sozialismus ; Theorie ; Socialism Economic aspects ; Employee ownership ; Industrial management Employee participation ; Marxismus ; Wirtschaftstheorie ; Kapitalbeteiligung ; Arbeitnehmer
    Abstract: The Economic Theory of Socialism and the Labour-Managed Firm focuses on market socialism and the relevant debate among economic theorists. It argues that market socialism is the only rational form of socialism and that market socialism with labour-managed firms is by far the best form of market socialism. The book begins with a critical review of the contributions to the economic theory of socialism. The second part discusses the economic theory of labour-managed firms and pays particular attention to the adverse labour-supply curve, underinvestment, monitoring and the separation of ownership and control. The final chapters discuss problems such as the control of economic activity in labour-managed firms, worker motivation and incentives. This book will be of particular use to students and academics interested in comparative economic systems and to specialists in politics and sociology with an interest in alternative forms of economic organization
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction: Labour management and socialism -- 1. Economic calculation in socialism: Early contributions -- 2. Socialism and market: Lange's contribution and marxist theory -- 3. Liberalist criticisms of the lange model -- 4. Socialism with autonomous firms -- 5. On the taxonomy of economic systems -- 6. Market socialism and income distribution -- 7. An Introduction to the theory of the labour-managed firm -- 8. Equilibrium of the self-managed firm -- 9. Criticism of ward's model -- 10. Self-managed firms and underinvestment -- 11. Property rights and the financing of the cooperative firm -- 12. Neo-institutionalism and the cooperative firm -- 13. Self-managment and the social foundation of character -- 14. Conclusion -- Index.
    Note: Partly translated from Italian by Niall O'Higgins and Aloisia Rigotti , Includes bibliographical references (pages 323-368) and index
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9781782541592
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 254 pages) , illustrations
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Environment, technology and economic growth
    DDC: 333.7
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    Keywords: Umweltökonomik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Lange Wellen ; Umweltökonomische Gesamtrechnung ; Theorie ; Welt ; Sustainable development ; Environmental economics ; Technology Economic aspects ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Umweltökonomie ; Neue Technologie
    Abstract: At the end of the 20th century economists and policymakers face an unprecedented dual challenge: to avert ecological disaster and to end mass unemployment by accelerating and redirecting world economic growth. This major volume brings together contributions from environmental and technological economists. The first part discusses the ecological challenge to economists and policymakers and shows that both need a radical change in their approach. The second part discusses the institutional and legal changes which are necessary to address this challenge. The final part deals with the technological revolution, focusing on microelectronics and biotechnology, which is now transforming the world economy, and sets it in the context of long term fluctuations in economic growth and the relative stagnation since 1973. The protection of the environment, and economic growth with full employment are not necessarily opposed. On the contrary, as this volume demonstrates, what is required to return to full employment and more rapid growth is vigorous and concerted government action to give an 'eco-friendly' direction to technological and economic change
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction: Ecology, technology and institutions / (A. Tylecote and J. van der Straaten) -- Part I: the ecological agenda for sustainable development -- Part II: the institutional agenda for sustainable development -- Part III: ecology, technology and long fluctuations in economic growth -- Index.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9781035303410
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 327 pages) , illustrations
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Beyond market and hierarchy
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Beyond market and hierarchy
    DDC: 330
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    Keywords: 00.10.1995 ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Institutioneller Wandel ; Theorie ; Welt ; Institutional economics Congresses ; Policy sciences Congresses ; Social systems Congresses ; Konferenzschrift ; Institutionenökonomie
    Abstract: This ambitious book presents a conceptual framework for an institutional approach to economic change and economic transformation. It sheds important light on two basic concepts: social complexity and interactive governance. The first part of the book develops the theoretical foundations for dealing with social complexity, economic governance and change. The second part describes the failures and successes of different forms of governance in different cultural and institutional contexts. A major theme in the book is the significance of social context and path-dependence in the management of economic change. The book will have particular appeal to economists and political scientists concerned with the political economy of economic change and the transition process
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface -- 1. Interactive governance and social complexity / (A. Amin and J. Hausner) -- 2. The foundational bearing of complexity / (R. Delorme) -- 3. Cognitive networks and self-organization in a complex socio-economic environment / (M. Orillard) -- 4. Collectivist versus individualist perspectives on the institutional transition process - some methodological remarks / (J. Lange-von Kulessa) -- 5. The governance of complexity and the complexity of governance: Preliminary remarks on some problems and limits of economic guidance / (B. Jessop) -- 6. The nature of institutional change: Managing rival dependencies / (R. van Tulder and W. Ruigrok) -- 7. 'Time-space embeddedness' and 'geo-governance' of cross-border regional modes of growth: Their nature and dynamics in east Asian cases / (N.-L. Sum) -- 8. Emergence of path-dependent mixed economies in central Europe / (B. Chavance and E. Magnin) -- 9. From patient to active agent: An institutional analysis of the Russian border town of vyborg / (R. Kosonen) -- 10. Transitional problems in the Russian agriculture sector: A historical-institutiona perspective / (S. Stahl) -- 11. The globalization of European research and technology organizations (rtos) / (M. Kluth and J. Andersen) -- Index.
    Note: "This book derives from the seventh annual conference of the European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy (EAEPE), held in Crakow in October 1995"--Pref , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781035306008
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 402 pages) , illustrations
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Blaug, Mark, 1927 - 2011 Not only an economist
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Ökonomische Ideengeschichte ; Bildungsökonomik ; Wissenschaftliche Methode ; Kulturökonomik ; Theorie ; Economics History ; Competition History ; Economics Methodology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Blaug, Mark 1927-2011 ; Wirtschaftstheorie ; Wirtschaft ; Wirtschaftstheorie ; Methodologie ; Wirtschaft ; Wirtschaftstheorie
    Abstract: Mark Blaug has with good reason been described as the most widely read economist of his generation. He has made important contributions to economic history, cultural economics, the history of economic thought, the methodology of economics and the economics of education. Not Only an Economist reflects the wide range of Professor Blaug's interests and includes new and recent work on Adam Smith, Hayek and Keynes and studies in methodology, as well as new contributions to the economics of education. These are supplemented by essays arguing the economic case for subsidies to the arts. The book concludes with a selection from the one hundred book reviews that he has written over the years
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Part I: History of economic thought -- Part II: Methodology of economics -- Part III: Economics of education -- Part IV: Cultural economics -- Part V: Book reviews -- A. History of economic thought -- B. Methodology of economics -- C. The economics of education -- Index.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9781035303380
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvi, 331 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von The economy as a process of valuation
    DDC: 330
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    Keywords: Institutionenökonomik ; Kosten ; Externer Effekt ; Werttheorie ; Theorie ; Value ; Economics Philosophy ; Economics History ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wirtschaftsphilosophie ; Coase-Theorem ; Wirtschaftstheorie
    Abstract: The Economy as Process of Valuation sheds new light on the potential benefits of concept and theory formation along dynamic and evolutionary lines for understanding economic processes. The emphasis is on aspects of the economy as a process of valuation rather than as a mechanistic result of transcendental forces yielding unique determinate results. The book begins by examining instrumentalism and the process of valuation, arguing that to choose involves the process of valuation. It then focuses on Coases's work on institutions and considers the implications for a variety of subjects including the theory of the firm and the theory and policy of externalities - all aspects of the economy as a process of valuation. This is followed by analyses of the concepts of coercion and cost in economics, with special reference to one agent's interest being another agent's cost. Each elicits key aspects of analysis, valuation and the complexities and conflictual nature of valuation processes and structures. Finally, Kenneth Boulding's work on 'The Image' is examined, arguing that definitions of reality and values derive, in part from language
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction (w.j. Samuels) -- 1. Instrumental valuation (w.j. Samuels) -- 2. Ronald coase and coasean economics: Some questions, conjectures and implications (w.j. Samuels, s.g. Medema) -- 3. The concept of 'coercion' in economics (w.j. Samuels) -- 4. The concept of cost in economics (w.j. Samuels, a.a. schmid) -- 5. Kenneth boulding's the image and contemporary discourse analysis / (W.J. Samuels) -- Index.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9781035303571
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 400 pages) , illustrations
    Series Statement: Advances in ecological economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Economy and ecosystems in change
    DDC: 333.7
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    Keywords: Umweltökonomik ; Umweltpolitik ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Wissenschaftliche Methode ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Theorie ; Welt ; Entwicklungsländer ; Environmental economics ; Ecology Economic aspects ; Sustainable development ; Environmental policy Economic aspects ; Konferenzschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Ökologie ; Umweltökonomie ; Umweltpolitik ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Economy and Ecosystems in Change addresses ecological problems from an economic perspective, and provides policy suggestions for resource management and environmental sustainability based on integrated, multidisciplinary information, methods and applications. The book begins by introducing the different approaches and applications within ecological economics and clarifying new elements and fundamental principles. This initial discussion includes a comparison between ecological and environmental economics and the evaluation and function of ecosystems. The authors then examine the macroeconomy-ecosystem relationship with reference to national and global processes, focusing specifically on employment versus sustainability, trade, industrial transformation and rural development. In the third part there is an evaluation of whether ecosystems and economics can be treated independently; it is argued that the integration of these fields provides more complete insights and information for addressing the complex relationships between human activities and natural processes. Finally, the authors consider the institutional environment and policies affecting public ecosystems subject to economic uses. Using case study evidence, they conclude that public policy often supports an unsustainable use of resources. To counter this the authors propose policy and management options based on natural resource accounts, practical policy objectives and the precautionary principle. Economy and Ecosystems in Change will be of interest to ecological, environmental and resource economists and policymakers
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface -- 1. Ecological economics between theory and policy / (J. van den Bergh, J. van der Straaten) -- Part I: Economics, ecosystems, and uncertainty -- 2. Ecological economics: Paradigm or perspective / (K. Turner, C. Perrings, C. Folke) -- 3. Toward an integration of uncertainty, irreversibility, and complexity in environmental decision making / (S. Faucheux, G. Froger, G. Munda) -- 4. Emergent complexity and ecological economics / (S. Funtowicz, M. O'Connor, J. Ravetz) -- 5. Multi-criteria evaluation as a multidimensional approach to welfare measurement / (G. Munda) -- Part II. Macro-scale -- 6. Effective demand and weak sustainability: A macroeconomic model / (C.E. F. Young) -- 7. Theories of international trade and the environment: Comparison and critique / (C. van Beers, J. van den Bergh) -- 8. Trade, equity, and regional environmental sustainability / (J. Gowdy) -- 9. Sustainable agriculture and rural development in China: Past experiences and future potential / (F. Qu, A. Kuyvenhoven, N. Heerink, T. van Rheenen) -- 10. Structural change, growth, and dematerialization: An empirical analysis / (S. de Bruyn, J. van den Bergh, J. Opschoor) -- Part III. Ecosystem scale -- 11. Economic cultures and ecology in a small Caribbean island / (S. Cole) -- 12. Sustainability and rangeland management / (J. Arntzen) -- 13. Valuing ecosystem change: Theory and measurement / (S. Kask, J. Shogren, P. Morton) -- Part IV. Institutional scale: Policy and management options -- 14. Strategic planning for sustainable development in indonesia using natural resource accounts / (G.-M. Lange) -- 15. Limited knowledge and the precautionary principle: On the feasibility of environmental policies / (F. Hinterberger, G.Wegner) -- 16. Developing countries' primary exports and the internalizaiton of environmental externalities / (H. Kox) -- Index.
    Note: Papers presented at the third meeting of the International Society for Ecological Economics, held in San Jose, Costa Rica from October 24-28, 1994 , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781782541141
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxxiii, 254 pages) , illustrations
    Series Statement: New horizons in environmental economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Perrings, Charles, 1949 - Economics of ecological resources
    DDC: 333.7
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    Keywords: Umweltökonomik ; Ressourcenökonomik ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Risiko ; Theorie ; Welt ; Environmental economics ; Sustainable development ; Natural resources Management ; Umweltökonomie ; Natürliche Ressourcen ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Ressourcenökonomie ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Economics of Ecological Resources presents new or recently published work on ecological economies, sustainability, poverty, resource degradation and decision-making under uncertainty. The book explores the allocation of resources in jointly determined ecological-economic systems. An introductory chapter examines the work of other major contributors to the field of ecological economics and introduces Professor Perrings's work and the material in this volume. The first of three parts is concerned with the dynamics of joint systems and with the implications for the control and conservation of ecological resources. The second part focuses on the conditioning effect of the economic environment on private decisions in low income resource-dependent economies. The final part considers the way that decision makers handle the uncertainty that is an integral feature of the evolution of the ecological-economic system. Economics of Ecological Resources will be of interest to academics, researchers and students of ecological and environmental economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction -- Part I: The control and sustainablity of ecological-economic systems -- Part II: The economic environment and ecological change -- Part III: Uncertainty, innovation and choice -- Postscript: Ecology, economics and ecological economics -- Index.
    Note: Includes index , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781035303403
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 396 pages) , illustrations
    Series Statement: Studies in fiscal federalism and state-local finance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Financing decentralized expenditures
    DDC: 336.1/85
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    Keywords: Finanzausgleich ; Dezentralisierung ; Öffentliche Einnahmen ; Öffentliche Ausgaben ; Kanada ; Australien ; Nordeuropa ; Indien ; Italien ; Finanzausgleich ; Dezentralisierung ; Öffentliche Einnahmen ; Öffentliche Ausgaben ; Spanien ; Indien ; Korea ; China ; Deutschland ; Grants-in-aid ; Transfer payments ; Intergovernmental fiscal relations ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Transferzahlung ; Fiskalpolitik ; Dezentralisation ; Finanzausgleich ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Financing Decentralized Expenditures presents new original research papers on the structure of intergovernmental fiscal relations in virtually all types of countries and the design and implementation of transfer mechanisms between different levels of government. In developing, transition, and industrial countries alike, the process of decentralization of government expenditures has proceeded apace to provide better accountability and quality of services to consumers. At the same time, tax administration constraints dictate the central collection and assignment of the major sources of revenues - particularly income taxes and VAT. This generates an imbalance in favour of the central government. The manner in which this imbalance in redistributed affects the degree and nature of decentralization generating considerable debate in countries as diverse as Italy and Denmark, those in North America, as well as countries in transition, such as China and Russia. The book includes a balance of overview pieces that explore the general issues supplemented by a large number of studies of intergovernmental transfer systems in specific countries. It offers a unique source of reference by providing a wealth of information of grant systems around the world
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Foreword / (W.Oates) Acknowledgements -- 1. Intergovernmental transfers - an international perspective / (E. Ahmad) -- 2. Assessing provincial revenue-raising capacity for transfers / (D.H. Clark) -- 3. Expenditure needs: Institutions and data / (C.R. Rye, B. Searle) -- 4. The fiscal transfer system in Canada / (D.H. Clark) -- 5. Intergovernmental transfers in Switzerland and Germany / (P.B. Spahn) -- 6. The fiscal transfer system in australia / (C.R. Rye, B. Searle) 7. Denmark and Other Scandinavian Countries: Equalization and Grants / (J.R. Lotz) -- 8. Financing regional and local governments - Italy and Spain / (G. Brosio) -- 9. Intergovernmental transfers in India / (M.G. Rao) -- 10. Local autonomy and fiscal resources in Korea / (S.K. Kim) -- 11. Fiscal transfers in indonesia / (Z. Qureshi) -- 12. The new revenue-sharing arrangement in China: An illustrative example / ( D. Mihaljek) -- 13. Constraints in reforming the transfer system in China / (L. Jiwei) -- 14. Types of transfers - a general formulation / (E. Ahmad, R. Thomas).
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781035303236
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xix, 385 pages) , illustrations
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Enterprise and the welfare state
    DDC: 331.25/2/0973
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    Keywords: Altersvorsorge ; Rentenreform ; Betriebliche Altersversorgung ; Gesetzliche Rentenversicherung ; Sozialstaat ; Österreich ; Frankreich ; Deutschland ; Italien ; Old age pensions Cross-cultural studies ; Pension trusts Cross-cultural studies ; Retirement income Cross-cultural studies ; Welfare economics Cross-cultural studies ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Altersversorgung ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Altersruhegeld
    Abstract: The economic demands of an ageing population, coupled with the crisis of public spending pose one of the greatest challenges to social policy in both the East and West. This book focuses on the political economy of pensions, particularly on the interaction between private and state provision. Enterprise and the Welfare State argues that there is more to welfare than simply provision by the state and so the focus of this book is on the welfare society rather than the welfare state. This requires a new system of statistical accounting and a different focus for case studies. A multidisciplinary approach is used to examine the design of the pensions system in nine countries with different institutional welfare mixes. Using a common conceptual framework, it compares and contrasts the goals and realities of the welfare systems in France, Germany, The Netherlands and Sweden, where strong occupational pensions are in operation, with the more modest welfare states in Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. Each country case study provides a grounded analysis of the evolution of pension design and traces the impact of the policies on the economic well-being of the aged and the performance of the economy. It offers new data on the level of spending of enterprise based occupational pensions and examines the implications for redistribution resulting from changes in the design of state and occupational pensions. This book will be essential reading for academics, students and public policymakers interested in the economics of welfare, social policy and the future of pension provision
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface -- 1. The emerging role of enterprise in social policy / (M. Rein and E. Wadensjö) -- 2. The austrian pension system / (P. Rosner, T. Url and A. Wörgötter) -- 3. France: A national and contractual second tier / (E. Reynaud) -- 4. The public-private mix in pension provision in Germany: The role of employer-based pension arrangements and the influence of public activities / (W. Schmähl) -- 5. The retirement provision mix in Italy: The dominant role of the public system / (R. Di Biase, A. Gandiglio, M. Cozzolino and G. Proto) -- 6. The role of the Japanese company in compensating income loss after retirement / (Y. Kimura) -- 7. The Netherlands: Growing importance of private sector arrangements / (M. Blomsa and R. Jansweijer) -- 8. The welfare mix in pension provisions in Sweden / (E. Wadensjö) -- 9. The British case / (T. Lynes) -- 10. Enterprise and the state: Interactions in the provision of employees' retirement income in the United States / (L. apRoberts and J. Turner) -- Index.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781035306022
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 284 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Economic development and agricultural productivity
    DDC: 338.1
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    Keywords: 06.06.1995 ; Landwirtschaft ; Produktivität ; Landwirtschaftliche Entwicklung ; Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Agriculture Congresses Economic aspects ; Agricultural productivity Congresses ; Sustainable development Congresses ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift 1995 ; Landwirtschaft ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Agrarproduktion
    Abstract: This important book challenges conventional development theory by addressing not only technological but also socio-economic factors influencing low agricultural productivity in the developing world. Agricultural productivity has long been regarded as a fundamental factor in influencing economic development, yet relatively little research has examined the causes of stagnated and low agricultural productivity in developing countries. This book goes beyond the traditional discussion of low productivity being primarily determined by technological factors, and addresses the more complex determinants. Special attention is given to the influences of ecology and environmental degradation, the distribution of political power and socio-economic factors, as well as possibilities for biotechnology. The authors have been drawn from an international arena and transcend traditional academic disciplines combining historical, statistical and formal analysis for a better understanding of critical development issues. Economic Development and Agricultural Productivity will be of special interest to development and agricultural economists and policymakers
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction -- Part I: Historical perspectives on productivity in agriculture -- Part II: The role of the price mechanism in relation to the agricultural sector -- Part III: Stagnation and growth in agricultural productivity: The influence of class relations and the role of the state -- Part IV: Ecological sustainability of agricultural productivity growth -- Index.
    Note: Papers from an international conference held at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 6th-8th June 1995 which was organized by the Centre for Environment and Development at the NTNU , Includes bibliographical references (pages 258-274) and index
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781035303441
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 298 pages) , illustrations
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von The economic foundations of property rights
    DDC: 330.1/7
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    Keywords: Eigentumsrechtstheorie ; Institutionenökonomik ; Rechtsökonomik ; Ökonomische Theorie der Demokratie ; Theorie ; Welt ; Right of property Economic aspects ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Property-Rights-Ansatz
    Abstract: Property rights formalize the relationship between individuals and goods. They form the cornerstone of the pricing, supply and efficient allocation of scarce resources between individuals. The Economic Foundations of Property Rights is an outstanding collection of some of the most important work from the founders of the field, including James M. Buchanan, Douglass C. North, Richard Posner, Armen Alchian, Lord Peter Bauer and Karl Brunner. It addresses the development of property rights, the effects of property rights on the allocation of resources and the link between alternative property rights and the production of wealth. Specifically, the authors consider the issues of democracy, law, transaction costs, the economics of exchange and the valuation of assets. The discussion considers property rights in the context of developing countries and transition economies as well as developed market systems. This comprehensive new source book will be welcomed by economists, particularly those interested in law and economics, as well as political scientists and those interested in public choice theory
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface -- Part I: Property rights: Definition and economic significance -- Part II: How and why do property rights develop? -- Part III: The economic theory of property rights -- Part IV: Property rights and economic performance -- Name Index.
    Note: Articles previously published in journals and books between 1961-1996 , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9781035305964
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 258 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Oakley, Allen, 1943 - The foundations of Austrian economics from Menger to Mises
    DDC: 330.15/7
    RVK:
    Keywords: Menger, Carl ; Von Mises, Ludwig ; Menger, Carl ; Von Mises, Ludwig ; Österreichische Schule ; Ökonomische Ideengeschichte ; Wirtschaftsphilosophie ; Theorie ; Austrian school of economics ; Subjectivity ; Menger, Carl 1840-1921 ; Von Mises, Ludwig 1881-1973 ; Wiener Schule ; Subjektivität
    Abstract: This landmark book presents a critical study of the Austrian subjectivism of Menger and Mises and assesses their contribution in the light of contemporary philosophy of the human sciences. Allen Oakley lays emphasis on the subjectivism of Menger and Mises as the foundation of Austrian economics. By situating their work in the context of the philosophies of the human sciences evolving around them, he shows how these founders of the modern Austrian tradition failed to fully appreciate and to adopt the more penetrating subjectivism of their contemporaries. He argues that, as a result, they left their successors an incomplete and ambiguous metatheoretical legacy. For historians of economic thought and for economic philosophers and methodologists the book provides a critical study of a fundamental theme of Austrian economics that is still the subject of controversy today
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Germanic foundations -- 3. Carl menger's seminal subjectivist legacy -- 4. Wilhelm dilthey and subjectivism: The human sciences -- 5. Metatheory of the sciences of culture and of man -- 6. Human agents and rationality in max weber's metatheory for the human sciences -- 7. Mises and the subjectivism of economic action -- 8. A retrospective summary -- Index.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 241-251) and index
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781800886483
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 215 pages) , illustrations
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Skousen, Mark, 1947 - Puzzles and paradoxes in economics
    DDC: 330
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    Keywords: Wirtschaftstheorie ; Theorie ; Economics ; Microeconomics ; Macroeconomics ; Finance ; Marketing ; Paradox ; Puzzles ; Beispielsammlung ; Volkswirtschaftslehre ; Puzzle ; Paradoxon ; Wirtschaft ; Paradoxon
    Abstract: Economics is full of puzzles and paradoxes that often frustrate and challenge everyone, including economists. This engaging book includes fifty puzzles and focuses on three types of paradox. First, everyday observations that appear to belie common sense (such as, why do some supermarket items sell for more per ounce in larger sizes?). Secondly, those paradoxes which have perplexed economists in the past but have since been fairly resolved (such as, the diamond-water paradox). Finally, empirical or conceptual anomalies that remain unresolved and present a challenge to today's economists (such as the voting paradox). Fifty puzzles and paradoxes are analysed in a clear framework. Examples include: the fairness of market wages, the alleged gold absurdity, Giffin goods and the Irish potato famine, the paradox of thrift, the supposed perversity of Wall Street, the leisure paradox, why the best Washington apples are shipped out of state (the Alchian-Allen theorem), the question of whether teachers are underpaid, whether studying economics makes people immoral and whether war is good for the economy. This original and unusual book will have a wide appeal, ranging from the lay person with an interest in everyday economic puzzles, to the student and teacher wishing to develop their understanding of some of the paradoxes that have existed and continue to exist in economics. It will serve as an ideal source for teachers who want to challenge their students with unusual economic problems
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface -- Introduction -- Cases and concepts -- 1. The adam smith paradox -- 2. The diamond-water paradox -- 3. The water problem -- 4. The case of the fourth egg -- 5.profiting from pants -- 6. The price of quality -- 7. The rationality and risk puzzle -- 8. Gold's backward wupply curve -- 9. The positive sloping demand curve? -- 10. The leisure paradox -- 11. The price discrimination dilemma -- 12. A hot vacation spot -- 13. The rare case of a giffen good? -- 14. The case of the costly catsup -- 15. The mail order question -- 16. The businessman's query -- 17. Are teachers underpaid? -- 18. The pollution puzzle -- 19. Are market wages fair? -- 20. The highly valued occupation nobody wants -- 21. The stock market puzzler -- 22. Apples and the alchian-allen theorem -- 23. The perfect-market puzzle -- 24. The starvation of buridan's ass -- 25. Does studying economics make one immoral? -- 26. The savers' dilemma -- 27. Keynes's banana plantation -- 28. Producing cars that don't sell -- 29. The feckless forecast and policy purveyor puzzle -- 30. The growing but declining gap puzzle -- 31. The perpetual poverty puzzle -- 32. The paradox of thrift -- 33. The gold absurdity -- 34. The wager over wages -- 35. The voting behaviour puzzle -- 36. The voting paradox -- 37. A taxing debate -- 38.the blessings of destruction -- 39. The interest rate dilemma -- 40. The population puzzler -- 41. The efficiency versus equality puzzle -- 42. The national debt: Asset or liability? -- 43. The leontief paradox -- 44. The perversity of wall street -- Index.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9781035303632
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvi, 204 pages) , illustrations
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Europe competing in the global economy
    DDC: 338.94
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    Keywords: Europäische Union ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; EU-Staaten ; Competition, International ; Labor market ; International trade ; Wettbewerbsfähigkeit ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Globalisierung ; Binnenmarkt ; Unternehmenspolitik ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Öffentliches Unternehmen ; Unternehmensgröße ; Umweltpolitik ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; European Union countries Economic policy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Europäische Union ; Internationale Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wettbewerbspolitik
    Abstract: This authoritative book, bringing together the reports of the Competitiveness Advisory Group, identifies actions to improve European competitiveness politically, economically and socially. The objective is to raise living standards and maintain social cohesion. The Competitiveness Advisory Group has the mission of advising the European Commission and the Heads of State and Government of the European Union. The members of this independent group, which includes leading industrialists, trade unionists, politicians and academics, have adopted a 'bottom-up' approach, seeking to draw lessons from the experience of countries, industries and firms: they rely on 'benchmarking' in order to identify best practice. In the context of increasing interdependence of world trade and consequent globalization of the international economy new policy prescriptions are required for growth and employment, greater efficiency and higher standards of living. In relation to this, the Group discusses the need to close the worldwide technology gap, for Europe to develop deeper relations with the fast growing Asia Pacific region and argues for greater European solidarity in international trade negotiations. Within the European Union itself, it emphasizes the need to achieve the internal market for the free flow of goods, services and people. In addition, it stresses that Europe needs to catch-up, construct and eventually lead the development of the information society in which workers are recognized as a major asset to be invested in. The Group concludes that, although unemployment remains high, European competitiveness now has a brighter future with the movement towards economic and monetary union, and the enlargement of the European Union eastwards. This book will be essential reading for policymakers, government advisers, industrialists and academics concerned with the future of European economies and societies
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: What competitiveness for Europe? An Introduction / (A. Jacquemin and Lucio Pench) -- Enhancing European competitiveness four reports / (Competitiveness Advisory Group) -- First report -- 1. Competitiveness and the European economy -- 2. Completing the internal market -- 3. Strengthening the European enterprise -- 4. Reaping human resources -- Second report -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The role of the state in the provision and regulation of basic infrastructures -- 3. Small and medium-sized enterprises (smes), innovation and research and development -- 4. The company and environmental policy -- 5. The meaning of the learning society -- Third report -- 1. Summary and conclusions -- 2. Labour market, unemployment and competitiveness -- 3. Labour market reform -- 4. The company and employment -- Fourth report -- 1. Europe's place in a globalizing world economy -- 2. Benchmarks for Europe: The dynamism of Asia -- 3. High-level standards, high-level benchmarks -- Index.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 39-42) and index
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9781035303397
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiv, 279 pages) , illustrations
    Series Statement: New horizons in environmental economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Controlling pollution in transition economies
    DDC: 363.73/7/0947
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    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Umweltabgabe ; Osteuropa ; Environmental impact charges ; Environmental impact charges ; Pollution Government policy ; Pollution Government policy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Osteuropa ; Umweltverschmutzung ; Umweltpolitik ; Osteuropa ; Umweltpolitik ; Luftreinhaltepolitik ; Umweltverschmutzung ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: Controlling Pollution in Transition Economies examines and evaluates the recent experience of implementing pollution charges and the use of environmental permits in Central and Eastern Europe and Russia. The book focuses on controlling point-source air and water pollution. It describes and analyses the experience of implementing pollution charges and fines, and the interactions of these fiscal instruments with systems of pollution permits. The ten country case studies have been written by specialists who have been or are actively involved with the development or revision of pollution charges. Based on the experience of these countries, general conclusions are drawn for implementing pollution charge systems in other contexts. This book will encourage new theoretical and empirical work on the problem of implementing economic instruments (pollution charges), in combination with 'command-and-control' instruments (pollution permits). Practitioners and policy analysts as well as graduate students, academics, researchers and environmental consultants will find this book an important contribution to the existing literature
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Environmental policy in the making: Lessons from central and eastern Europe and the former soviet union -- 1. Controlling pollution in transition economies: Introduction to the book and overview of economic concepts / (B.A. Larson and R. Bluffstone) -- 2. A survey of pollution charge systems and key issues in policy design / (J. Vincent and S. Farrow) -- 3. Estonia's mixed system of pollution permits, standards and charges / (L. Gornaja, E. Kraav, B.A. Larson and K. Türk) -- 4. Implementing pollution permits and charges in Latvia / (J. Brunenieks, A. Kozlovska and B.A. Larson) -- 5. The lithuanian pollution charge system: Evaluation and prospects for the future / (D. Semènienè, R. Bluffstone and L. Cekanavucius) -- 6. Pollutions charges in Russia: The experience of 1990-1995 / (M. Kozeltsev and A. Markandya) -- 7. Integration of pollution charge systems with strict performance standards: The experience of the Czech Republic / (Z. Stepanek) -- 8. Environmental emission charges ad air quality protection in Hungary: Recent practice and future prospects / (G.E. Morris, J. Tiderenczl and P. Kovács) -- 9. Environmental charges in Poland / (G.D. Anderson and B. Fiedor) -- 10. Implementation of pollution charge systems in a transition economy: The case of Slovakia / (T.H. Owen, J. Myjvec and D. Jassikova) -- 11. Implementation of pollution charges and fines in Bulgaria / (N. Matev and N.I. Novov) -- 12. The road to creating an integrated pollution charge and permitting system in Romania / (C.F. Zinnes) -- 13. Implementing pollution permit and charge systems in transition economies: A possible blueprint / (R.Bluffstone and B.A. Larson) -- Index.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781035306015
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 212 pages) , illustrations
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Economics and evolution
    DDC: 330
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    Keywords: Evolutionsökonomik ; Theorie ; Evolutionary economics Congresses ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Evolutorische Wirtschaft
    Abstract: The evolutionary approach to economics can be traced back as far as the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in the work of Darwin, Smith and Malthus. These ideas have gradually developed since that time through Marx, Veblen and Marshall, and have recently experienced considerable attention. This book considers the development of evolutionary economics and its place in economic thought today. The book begins with a concise history of evolutionary economics which develops to examine the variety of approaches within the subject. The discussion continues with a rigorous analysis of why, in contrast to popular belief, evolutionary economics is not alien to neoclassical economics, arguing that it may even be considered to complement neoclassical economics. Continuing along this theme the firm is discussed from an evolutionary and neoclassical standpoint. Leading on from this is a discussion of modern model building in evolutionary economics and its relationship with Schumpeter's developmental work. Model building is examined further in relation to endogenous technological change and economic growth, and the effect that technological change and innovation can have on the spatial distribution of new industry. This book will be of special interest to evolutionary and post Keynesian economists and those interested in technological change and innovation
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Variety in the garden of heterodox economics: An Introduction / (J.P.G. Reijnders) -- 2. Economics and evolution and the evolution of economics / (G.M. Hodgson) -- 3. Evolutionary economics: Precursors, paradigmatic propositions, puzzles and prospects / (J.J. Vromen) -- 4. Evolutionary economics and the theory of the firm: Assessments and proposals for research / (N.J. Foss) -- 5. Neo- and post-schumpeterian contributions to evolutionary economics / (E.S. Andersen) -- 6. Economic growth: An evolutionary perspective / (G. Silverberg and B. Verspagen) -- 7. New technology and windows of locational opportunity: Indeterminacy, creativity and chance / (R. Boschma and B. van der Knaap) -- Index.
    Note: Papers presented at the 16th annual conference of the Belgian-Dutch Association for Post-Keynesian Studies, held at Utrecht University, in Utrecht, The Netherlands, in Nov. 1995 , Includes bibliographical references and indexes
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9781035303434
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 187 pages) , illustrations
    Series Statement: New horizons in environmental economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Economics for environmental policy in transition economies
    DDC: 333.7/09438
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    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Umweltökonomik ; Systemtransformation ; Osteuropa ; Ungarn ; Environmental economics ; Environmental policy Economic aspects ; Environmental policy Economic aspects ; Environmental economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Bibliografie ; Ungarn ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Umweltpolitik ; Wirtschaft ; Osteuropa ; Umweltpolitik ; Wirtschaftliche Betrachtungsweise ; Ungarn ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Umweltpolitik ; Wirtschaft
    Abstract: This book offers original economic analyses on the economy-environment relationship in Eastern and Central Europe. Drawing on the Hungarian experience, it provides empirical evidence on the reform of environmental policy which can be applicable to similar problems in other transition economies. The macroeconomic shocks of the transition process in Central and Eastern Europe have been exceptional in both their intensity and speed. The implications of this adjustment process are examined in relation to their effects on environmental policy, with special emphasis on the rethinking of standard environmental policy recommendations for transition economies. The authors focus on a variety of issues including the environmental concerns raised by the privatization process and to what extent the less rigorous environmental regulations in Hungary attract foreign direct investment. There is also a critical overview of the existing literature and an examination of the costs of reducing air pollution and the use of the contingent valuation method to measure the economic benefits of improving air quality in Hungary. In addition the authors assess the effects of industrial restructuring on emissions and analyse incentive-based policy measures including prospects for emission trading. Their conclusions challenge the common perception that energy pricing policy is the most important policy measure to induce structural changes in transition economies that are beneficial to the environment. Economics for Environmental Policy in Transition Economies will be of interest to policymakers, academics and postgraduates working in the fields of transition economics, environmental economics and environmental valuation
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface -- 1. Environmental and economic reforms in the central and eastern European transitional economies / (M.A. Toman) -- 2. Direct impacts of industrial restructuring on air pollutant and hazardous waste emissions in Hungary / (P. Kaderják and Á. Csermely) -- 3. Environmental impacts of industrialization in Hungary / (E. Páczi and P. Kaderják) -- 4. Cheap environmental services in Hungary: How attractive are they for foreign investors? / (P. Kaderják) -- 5. Practical experience, international agreements and the prospects for emission trading in cee / (G. Klaasen) -- 6. The cost of alternative policies to reduce so2 emission in Hungary: A case for the power sector / (P. Kaderják and Z. Lehoczki) -- 7. Empirical benefit estimates for improving air quality in Hungary / (J. Powell, P. Kaderják and F. Verkoijen) -- 8. Economics for environmental policy in the central eastern European transformation: How are the context and textbook prescriptions related? / (P. Kaderják) -- Index.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781035303281
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 227 pages) , illustrations
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Evolutionary economics and path dependence
    DDC: 330
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    Keywords: Evolutionsökonomik ; Institutionenökonomik ; Theorie ; Welt ; Evolutionary economics ; Evolutionary economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Evolutorische Wirtschaft ; Evolutorische Wirtschaft
    Abstract: Evolutionary Economics and Path Dependence presents important new theoretical and empirical work on economic change, learning processes, institutional change, choice and path dependency. The theoretical section includes discussion of the microfoundations of path dependency, path dependency in industrial networks, path dependence and the theory of the firm, lock-in effects in relation to professional organizations, the notion of bricolage in relation to path dependency and new and neo-institutional perspectives on the theory of the firm. The empirical part focuses on institutional change in the communications and transport sectors of the economy. More specifically it shows how path dependency occurs and develops through various types of lock-in effects within institutions. This book will be essential reading for academics and students of economics and economic history wishing to keep up-to-date with research at the frontier of this exciting field
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: -- 1. Introduction / L. Magnusson and J. Ottosson -- 2. Mechanisms of evolutionary change in economic governance: Interaction, interpretation and bricolage / J.L. Campbell -- 3. Theory of the firm revisited: New and neo-institutional perspectives / J. Groenewegen and J. Vromen -- 4. Path-dependence of knowledge: Implications for the theory of the firm / B. Nooteboom -- 5. Strategic lock-in as a human issue: The role of professional orientation / M. Dietrich -- 6. The microfoundations of path-dependency / S. Rizzello -- 7. Paths in time and space - path-dependence in industrial networks / H. Hakansson and A. Lundgren -- 8. The making of national telephone networks in scandinavia. the state and the emergence of national regulatory patterns 1880-1920 / L. Andersson-Skog -- 9. Institutions as determinants of institutional change - case studies in the field of eec transport policy / J. Bergdahl and J.L. Östlund -- 10. Institutional change and European air transport, 1910-1985 / P.J. Lyth -- 11. Path dependence and institutional evolution - the case of the nationalisation of private railroads in interwar Sweden / J. Ottosson -- References -- Index.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 197-222) and index
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781035303427
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxvi, 491 pages) , illustrations
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Costanza, Robert, 1950 - Frontiers in ecological economics
    DDC: 333.7
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    Keywords: Umweltökonomik ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Theorie ; Welt ; Economic development Environmental aspects ; Environmental economics ; Economic development Environmental aspects ; Environmental economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Umweltökonomie
    Abstract: Frontiers in Ecological Economics presents some of Robert Costanza's most important work on understanding ecological and economic systems. A signal contribution of Costanza's work is that he transcends disciplinary boundaries by collaborating closely with other specialists and thereby constructs an integrated analysis of the interaction between humans and the rest of the natural world. The book is divided into four parts; part one discusses the creation of an ecological economics, the second part considers material and energy flows in ecological and economic systems, part three surveys dynamic ecological and economic systems modelling and analysis and the final part explores the role of institutions and incentives in environmental protection. Main themes and issues include: environmental sustainability, managing environmental systems, energy and economic valuation in environmental systems and a concern for both the necessity and limitations of modelling ecological economic systems. The book improves access to Robert Costanza's work which has made a fundamental contribution to the development of ecological economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction -- Part I: Creating an ecological economics -- Part II: Material and energy flows in ecological and economic systems -- Part III: Ecological and economic systems modelling and analysis -- Part IV: Incentives and institutions.
    Note: Essays originally published in various journals from 1984 to 1995 , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781035305957
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 188 pages) , illustrations
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Liew, Leong H., 1952 - The Chinese economy in transition
    DDC: 338.951
    Keywords: Systemtransformation ; Wachstumspolitik ; Agrarpolitik ; Industriepolitik ; Regionales Wachstum ; China ; Central planning ; Capitalism ; China Economic conditions 1976-2000 ; China Economic policy 1976-2000 ; China ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Wirtschaftspolitik
    Abstract: The Chinese Economy in Transition provides an analysis of the economic reforms introduced under Deng Xiaoping. It attempts to answer the question: what was the economic system that the Chinese were trying to reform and what approach have they adopted to reform it? Whilst the book focuses primarily on economic issues, it also explores the political and social environment and concentrates on three broad areas of the Chinese economy: agriculture, industry and macroeconomic management. Within these broad areas the focus is on two major themes: competition and cooperation, and central authority and regional autonomy. This book will be of special interest to senior undergraduate and postgraduate economics students, academics and China analysts
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. Financing rapid growth: Price scissors in China -- 3. Organization of agriculture -- 4. Industry -- 5. Regional property rights and the impact of fiscal policy -- 6. Monetary policy -- 7. Gradualism in China's economic reform -- Index.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 166-179) and index
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9781035303335
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xviii, 302 pages) , illustrations
    Series Statement: New horizons in international business
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Euro-Pacific investment and trade
    DDC: 332.6/73/099
    Keywords: 00.05.1995 ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Auslandsinvestition ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Globalisierung ; EU-Staaten ; Nordamerika ; Asiatisch-pazifischer Raum ; Welt ; Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Investments, Foreign Congresses ; International trade Congresses ; International business enterprises Congresses Management ; International economic integration Congresses ; Europe Congresses Commerce ; Pacific Area Congresses Commerce ; Konferenzschrift 1995 ; Europa ; Handel ; Investition ; Pazifischer Raum
    Abstract: This important book - written by leading scholars in international business - critically reviews the activities of European and Pacific international firms. Transformations of markets and national economic systems associated with the activities of these corporations are posing many issues of adjustment and development, and are affecting decisions on long term investments in industrial capacity. The book provides a useful framework and source of reference for policy makers in government, international agencies and the private sector to address the challenges and opportunities that arise from corporate, regional and financial integration of the world economy
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Foreword / (J.C. Dodds) -- Preface 1. Reconfiguring the boundaries of international business activity / (J.H. Dunning) -- 2. Strategic foreign direct investment / (P.J. Buckley) -- 3. Strategies of multinational enterprises and governments: The theory of the flagshiagliettap firm / (A.M. Rugman, J.R. D'Cruz) -- 4. Structural transformations: Information systems and organizational networks / (M. Blaine, E.M. Roche) -- 5. Corporate culture in Europe, asia and North America -- / (m. Casson, r. Loveridge, s. Singh) -- 6. Regional economic cooperation: Eu, nafta and apec / (G. Boyd) -- 7. Regional integration in Europe / (P.M. Crowley) -- 8. The economic effects of an east asian trading bloc / (D.K. Brown, A.V. Deardorff, R.M. Stern) 9. Cross Border Capital Flows, Corporate Governance and Developing Financial Systems in the Asia-Pacific Region / (J.C. Dodds) 10. Designing Institutions for Global Economic Cooperation: Investment and the WTO / (G.R. Winham, H.A. Grant) 11. Political Entrepreneurship for Collective Management / (G. Boyd) -- Index.
    Note: "This book contains many of the papers that were presented at the Halifax Euro-Pacific Investment and Trade Conference in May 1995"--Frwd , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264067974
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 286 S.) , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD historical series
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Explorations in OEEC history
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    Keywords: OEEC ; Wirtschaftskooperation
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: A la découverte de l'OECE
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781035303588
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 volume various pagings) , illustrations, maps
    Series Statement: The Shaftesbury papers
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 320.51
    Keywords: Liberalism ; Civil society ; Post-communism
    Abstract: This impressive book brings together four essays, which along with an insightful introduction from Charles Rowley, provide a robust defence of the concept of classical liberalism in modern 'civil' society. In the first essay, Douglas Rasmussen and Douglas Uyl discuss the basic approaches and principles of liberalism in the post-modern age and show how a moral philosophy can serve to support a political philosophy. They supply a clear, fundamental defence of liberalism in an era which has become sceptical of its doctrines. This is followed by Peter Ordeshook's authoritative analysis of the foundations of democracy, in relation to the demise of communist ideology, particularly in the former Soviet Union. Paul Rubin then examines, from a libertarian perspective, the differing methods and degrees of success of adapting contract law in Russia, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland in the wake of political change. Finally, Mwangi S. Kimenyi provides an original study of highly centralized, unitary systems of government and the breakdown of civil society in Sub-Saharan Africa. He argues persuasively that institutional reform involving decentralization and federalism can better accommodate ethnic diversity in the area. With contributions from some of the most eminent scholars in the field, Classical Liberalism and Civil Society provides a rigorous justification of classical liberal polity
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: On the nature of civil society / (C.K. Rowley) -- Liberalism defended: The challenge of post-modernity / (D.B. Rasmussen and D.J.D. Uyl) -- Lessons for citizens of a new democracy / (P.C. Ordeshook) -- Promises, promises: Contracts in Russia and other post-communist economies / (P.H. Rubin) -- Ethnic diversity, liberty and the state: The African dilemma / (M.S. Kimenyi).
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9264156968
    Language: English
    Pages: 110 Seiten , Diagramme , 23 cm
    Series Statement: STI - Science, technology, industry
    DDC: 303.48/33
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Telekommunikationsnetz ; Wissensgesellschaft ; Globalisierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Information ; Kommunikation ; Informationstechnik ; Kommunikationstechnik ; Kommunikationspolitik ; Informationspolitik ; Informationswirtschaft ; Telekommunikationsindustrie ; Datenverarbeitung ; Entwicklung ; Technik ; Zugang ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Globalisierung ; Westliche Industrieländer Information und Kommunikation ; Informations-/Kommunikationstechnologie ; Informations-/Kommunikationspolitik ; Informations-/Telekommunikationsindustrie ; Elektronische Datenverarbeitung ; Technologischer Entwicklungsstand ; Informationszugang ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Globalisierung ; Industriestaaten ; Westliche Welt ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Konferenzschrift ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Konferenzschrift ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Informationsgesellschaft ; OECD ; Informationsgesellschaft
    Note: In franz. Sprache u.d.T.: Vers une société mondiale de l'information
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  • 33
    Book
    Book
    Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
    ISBN: 9264156968
    Language: English
    Pages: 110 S. , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Science technology industry
    DDC: 303.48/33
    Keywords: OECD ; Informatiemaatschappij ; Internationalisatie ; Gesellschaft ; Globalisierung ; Information society Economic aspects ; Information superhighway ; Information technology Social aspects ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Informationsgesellschaft ; Globalisierung ; Infrastruktur ; Konferenzschrift ; Infrastruktur ; Informationsgesellschaft ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Globalisierung ; OECD
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Vers une société mondiale de l'information
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  • 34
    Book
    Book
    Luxembourg : Office for Official Publications of the Europ. Communities
    ISBN: 9282795233
    Language: English
    Pages: 298 S. , graph. Darst.
    DDC: 303.4833
    RVK:
    Keywords: Informationsgesellschaft ; Wirtschaft ; Informationstechnik ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Forschungsbericht
    Note: Literaturangaben
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9781035303472
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (304 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economists Biography
    Abstract: Great Economists before Keynes is an extensive and much acclaimed guide providing authoritative intellectual biographies together with portraits of one hundred great economists of the past. This important book not only includes entries on familiar names, such as, Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Karl Marx and Leon Walras, but also includes descriptions of less well known yet equally important economists. Mark Blaug demonstrates that modern economics is an accumulated heritage of specific ideas of individual economists. Mark Blaug has brought his formidable powers to bear on the history of economics producing a companion that nobody interested in economics will want to be without. The reprint of this classic work will be an essential reference source for instructors, researchers and students of economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface -- Acknowledgements -- List of entries -- Great economists before keynes -- Index of names -- Index of subjects.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing
    ISBN: 9781035303274
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 247 pages)
    Series Statement: New horizons in international business
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 658/.049
    Keywords: International business enterprises ; Competition, International
    Abstract: This path-breaking book presents new work by leading international scholars on the achievements and challenges facing international business in the twenty-first century. It considers key up-to-date developments in both the theory and practice of international business. After analysing the historical evolution of international business as an academic discipline, the book focuses on its relationship to the other social sciences. New light is shed on current issues and intellectual debates with a view to identifying new directions and future areas of research. The authors then develop the discussion to consider the present globalization of the economy, addressing the strategies of multinationals, the increasingly 'borderless' world and management competition. The book will be of interest both to scholars and all those concerned with business education
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction / (I. Islam, W. Shepherd) -- Part I: The evolution of ib as an academic discipline - the institutional and regional context -- 1. International business as an academic discipline / (K. Simmonds) -- 2. Internationalising the business curriculum: Obstacles and strategies / (S. Robock) -- Part II: Ib as an interdisciplinary field of inquiry -- 3. The conceptual frontiers of international business / (B. Toyne) -- 4. The economic theory of the firm as the basis for a 'core' theory of international production / (J. Dunning) -- 5. International political economy and MNEs' strategies: New directions for interdisciplinary research / (T. Brewer) -- Part III: Current issues and controversies -- 6. A 'borderless' world: Issues and evidence / (G. Yip) -- 7. The evolution of the transnational / (C. Bartlett, S. Ghoshal) -- 8. Global strategies for multinational enterprises / (A. Rugman, A. Verbeke) -- 9. An invisible history, a competitive future: Women managers in a worldwide economy / (N. Adler, D. Izraeli) -- 10. The ties that bond? / (M. Casson, R. Loveridge, S. Singh) -- Part IV: Future directions in ib education and research -- 11. The compleat executive: The state of international business education and some future directions / (F. Contractor) -- 12. Trends in international business research: The next 25 years / (P. Buckley) -- 13. Current issues in international business: An overview / (S. Young) -- Index.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789264071520
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 486; Essai de synthèse non programmée de l'ADN (UDS) sur des hépatocytes de mammifères in vivo
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 486: Essai de synthèse non programmée de l'ADN (UDS) sur des hépatocytes de mammifères in vivo
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of the unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) test with mammalian liver cells in vivo is to identify substances that induce DNA repair after excision and removal of a stretch of DNA containing a region of damage induced by chemical substances (solid or liquid) or physical agents in the liver. The test is usually based on the incorporation of tritium-labelled thymidine, 3H-TdR, (during 3-8 hours) into the DNA of liver cells which have a low frequency of cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle. The uptake of 3H-TdR is usually determined by autoradiography. Rats are commonly used, and the number of animals should be at least three analysable animals per group. Normally, at least two dose levels are used. A limit test may be performed if no effects would be expected at a dose of 2000 mg/kg bw/d. Test substances are generally administered as a single treatment by gavage using a stomach tube or a suitable intubation cannula. Liver cells are prepared from treated animals 12-16 hours after dosing of animal. After autoradiography, normally 100 cells are scored from each animal from at least two slides. A positive result from the UDS test with mammalian liver cells in vivo indicates that a substance induces DNA damage in mammalian liver cells in vivo that can be repaired by unscheduled DNA synthesis in vitro. A negative result indicates that, under the test conditions, the test substance does not induce DNA damage that is detectable by this test.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789264071322
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 476; Essai in vitro de mutation génique sur des cellules de mammifères
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 476: Essai in vitro de mutation génique sur des cellules de mammifères
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The in vitro mammalian cell gene mutation test can be used to detect gene mutations induced by chemical substances. In the cell lines the most commonly-used genetic endpoints measure mutation at thymidine kinase (TK) and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT), and a transgene of xanthineguanine phosphoribosyl transferase (XPRT). The TK, HPRT and XPRT mutation tests detect different spectra of genetic events. Cells in suspension or monolayer culture are exposed to, at least four analysable concentrations of the test substance, both with and without metabolic activation, for a suitable period of time. They are subcultured to determine cytotoxicity and to allow phenotypic expression prior to mutant selection. It is recommended to utilise at least 106cells. Cytotoxicity is usually determined by measuring the relative cloning efficiency (survival) or relative total growth of the cultures after the treatment period. The treated cultures are maintained in growth medium for a sufficient period of time, characteristic of each selected locus and cell type, to allow near-optimal phenotypic expression of induced mutations. Mutant frequency is determined by seeding known numbers of cells in medium containing the selective agent to detect mutant cells, and in medium without selective agent to determine the cloning efficiency (viability). After a suitable incubation time, colonies are counted.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789264189751
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (57 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This book shows hows how regulatory reform has produced substantial economic and social benefits for citizens by enhancing competition and reducing regulatory costs. It can boost efficiency, sharply reduce prices, stimulate innovation, and improve the ability of economies to adapt to change and remain competitive in global markets. Properly done, regulatory reform also can help governments promote other important policy goals, such as environmental quality, health, and safety. Finally, country experience shows that disruptions which can accompany reform can be addressed by complementary policies and actions. In this Report, the OECD calls for renewed attention to regulatory reform, and the recommendations in this Report constitute an ambitious plan for action. In May 1997, Ministers of OECD countries welcomed this Report and agreed to work to implement its recommendations in their countries.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264262164
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Modern Budgeting
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: D'importantes réformes budgétaires ont été lancées au cours de ces dernières années dans différents pays de l'OCDE. Leur but est de donner aux organismes dépensiers une plus grande souplesse dans l'utilisation de leurs ressources, à charge pour eux d'assumer la responsabilité des résultats obtenus.Cette publication montre comment cinq pays Membres -- l'Australie, la France, la Nouvelle-Zélande, le Royaume-Uni et la Suède -- ont mis en oeuvre ces réformes dans ce domaine et dresse un premier bilan des progrès accomplis.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789264071025
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 424; Étude de neurotoxicité
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 424: Étude de neurotoxicité
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline has been designed to obtain the information necessary to confirm or to further characterise the potential neurotoxicity of chemicals in adult animals. This Test Guideline is designed for use with the rat. It specifically addresses the daily oral administration, by gavage, (in the diet, in drinking water or by capsules) of the test substance. When the study is conducted as a separate study, at least 20 animals (10 females and 10 males) should be used in each dose. At least three dose groups and a control group should generally be used. Dose levels should be selected by taking into account any previously observed toxicity and kinetic data available for the test compound or related materials. The dosing regimen may be 28 days, subchronic (90 days) or chronic (1 year or longer). The procedures set out in this Test Guideline may also be used for an acute neurotoxicity study. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of at least 1000 mg/kg body weight. The results of this study include measurements (weighing, food /water consumption), functional tests, and, at least, daily detailed observations (Ophthalmology, haematology, clinical biochemistry and histopathology). At least five males and five females, selected from test group, should be perfused in situ and used for detailed neurohistopathology at the end of the study. The findings of the study should be evaluated in terms of the incidence, severity and correlation of neurobehavioural and neuropathological effects (neurochemical or electrophysiological effects as well if supplementary examinations are included) and any other adverse effects observed.
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789264162150
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'analyse de l'impact de la réglementation ; Meilleures pratiques dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'analyse de l'impact de la réglementation : Meilleures pratiques dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This is the first report to look across the OECD membership at how regulatory impact analysis is actually designed and carried out. Concrete "best practices" are identified in areas such as improving the capacity of government to produce high-quality analysis, applying analytical methods including benefit-cost analysis, collecting data, and consulting with the public to ensure that estimates are realistic.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264162013
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Compétitivité régionale et qualifications
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Human resources, training, qualifications and skills play an essential part in the development of regional economies. The notion of "learning" regions which has now become self-evident has yet to be translated into practice: but under which conditions and what are the priorities? This publication gives a comprehensive picture of current practices and future issues. Regional policies are increasingly focusing on human resources and their orientation towards market demand and improvement of partnerships. The great diversity of regional approaches to human resource development in industrialised countries shows that an efficient regional governance, coupled with concern for equity, can reinforce and consolidate national policies. This volume casts a new light on these issues, providing a useful source of information and inspiration for regional actors and their national partners.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789264262157
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Regulatory Impact Analysis; Best Practices in OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Regulatory Impact Analysis: Best Practices in OECD Countries
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Dans une période caractérisée par des marchés mondiaux concurrentiels et une évolution technologique rapide, les pouvoirs publics se doivent de mieux comprendre les coûts et les avantages de la réglementation. L'analyse de l'impact de la réglementation -- c'est-à-dire l'évaluation systématique des effets positifs et négatifs de la réglementation et de ses alternatives -- a aidé de nombreux gouvernements à réduire les coûts de la réglementation pour les entreprises, tout en maximisant l'efficacité de l'action gouvernementale à protéger les intérêts publics.Ce rapport est le premier à analyser comment l'analyse de l'impact de la réglementation est effectivement conçue et mise en oeuvre à travers les pays de l'OCDE. Les "meilleures pratiques" concrètes sont mises en évidence pour ce qui est d'améliorer l'aptitude des pouvoirs publics à produire des analyses de haute qualité, d'appliquer des méthodes d'analyse, notamment l'analyse coûts-avantages, de collecter des données, et de consulter le public pour s'assurer que les estimations sont réalistes.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789264162020
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Développement régional et politiques structurelles au Mexique
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Mexico
    Abstract: Mexico is a multi-faceted country. Given the geographical and ethnic diversity of Mexico's regions, as well as their particular cultural and historical traditions, each of the regions making up the Federation calls for a specific development policy. At the same time, economic, political and social equilibria are going to be affected by the trend towards a greater decentralisation of political structures. Mexico is faced with two major challenges. How can consistency of government action be maintained in conjunction with a firm resolve to decentralise? How is it possible to reconcile regional and national development while striving to achieve the country's integration within the world economy? This study, which includes many tables, maps and figures as background material, makes it possible to define these challenges more clearly and therefore to clarify regional policy options for the coming decade.
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789264071254
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 471; Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 471: Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: L'essai de mutation réverse sur les bactéries est pratiqué sur des souches de Salmonella typhimurium et d'Escherichia coli auxotrophes pour un acide aminé, afin de détecter des mutations ponctuelles provenant de substitutions ou de décalages du cadre de lecture. Le principe de cet essai de mutation réverse sur les bactéries repose sur la détection de mutations qui inversent des mutations présentes dans les souches d’essai et rétablissent les possibilités fonctionnelles des bactéries pour synthétiser un acide aminé essentiel. Des suspensions des cellules bactériennes sont exposées à la substance d'essai (liquide ou solide) en présence et en l'absence d'un système métabolique exogène d'activation. Au moins cinq concentrations différentes analysables de la substance d'essai devraient être employées. La concentration d'essai maximum recommandée pour les substances non-cytotoxiques solubles est de 5 mg/boîte ou de 5 ml/boîte. Il y a deux méthodes : la méthode par étalement et la méthode de pré-incubation. Pour les deux techniques, après deux ou trois jours d'incubation à 37°C, les colonies révertantes sont comptées et comparées au nombre de colonies révertantes spontanées des boîtes de contrôle.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789264071315
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 475; Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosome Aberration Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 475: Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosome Aberration Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: L'essai d'aberration chromosomique in vivo sur mammifères est employé à l’identification des composés d'essai qui induisent des aberrations structurales dans des cellules de moelle osseuse d’animaux, généralement des rongeurs (rats, souris et hamsters chinois). Les aberrations structurales peuvent être de deux types : chromosomiques ou chromatidiques. Des animaux sont exposés à la substance d'essai (liquide ou solide) par une voie d'exposition appropriée (habituellement par gavage via une sonde gastrique ou d’une canule de tubage appropriée, ou par injection intrapéritonéale) et sont sacrifiés après des délais appropriés de traitement. Avant le sacrifice, les animaux sont traités avec un inhibiteur de fuseau. Des préparations chromosomiques sont alors faites à partir des cellules de moelle et colorées, et des cellules de métaphase sont analysées pour mettre en évidence les aberrations chromosomiques. Chacun des groupes traités et de contrôle doivent inclure au moins 5 animaux analysables par sexe. La dose de limite est 2000 de mg/kg pc/jour pour le traitement jusqu'à 14 jours, et de 1000 mg/kg pc/jour pour le traitement de plus de 14 jours.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789264071261
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 473; Essai d'aberration chromosomique in vitro chez les mammifères
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 473: Essai d'aberration chromosomique in vitro chez les mammifères
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of the in vitro chromosome aberration test is to identify agents that cause structural chromosome aberrations in cultured mammalian somatic cells. Structural aberrations may be of two types: chromosome or chromatid. The in vitro chromosome aberration test may employ cultures of established cell lines, cell strains or primary cell cultures. Cell cultures are exposed to the test substance (liquid or solid) both with and without metabolic activation during about 1.5 normal cell cycle lengths. At least three analysable concentrations of the test substance should be used. At each concentration duplicate cultures should normally be used. At predetermined intervals after exposure of cell cultures to the test substance, the cells are treated with a metaphase-arresting substance, harvested, stained. Metaphase cells are analysed microscopically for the presence of chromosome aberrations.
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789264071278
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 473; In vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 473: In vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Le but de l'essai in vitro d'aberration chromosomique est d'identifier les agents qui causent des aberrations chromosomiques structurales dans les cellules mammifères cultivées. Les aberrations structurales peuvent être de deux types : chromosomiques ou chromatidiques. L'essai in vitro d'aberration chromosomique peut utiliser des cultures de lignées cellulaires établies, des souches cellulaires ou des cultures de cellules primaires. Des cultures cellulaires sont exposées à la substance d'essai (liquide ou solide) avec et sans activation métabolique pendant environ 1.5 fois le cycle cellulaire normal. Au moins trois concentrations analysables de la substance d'essai devraient être employées. Il faut normalement réaliser les cultures en doublon à chaque niveau de dose. À intervalles prédéterminés après exposition des cultures de cellules à la substance d'essai, les cellules sont traitées avec une substance qui bloque la métaphase, récoltées et teintées. Les cellules métaphasiques sont analysées au microscope pour déceler les aberrations chromosomiques.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789264062597
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (163 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trends in Public Sector Pay in OECD Countries 1997
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Certains pays de l'OCDE ont achevé de réformer leur système de détermination des rémunérations. Les processus de réforme développés par les gouvernements de ces pays et les résultats obtenus attirent tout naturellement l'attention. D'autant plus que ces réformes ont un effet positif sur la limitation des dépenses publiques. Cependant, certains pays fidèles au système centralisé de détermination des rémunérations sont également parvenus à contrôler leurs dépenses en personnel.L'analyse comparative des systèmes de détermination des rémunérations du secteur public des pays de l'OCDE montre que les expériences en la matière sont variées et que chaque pays adapte les instruments disponibles en fonction de sa structure institutionnelle et de ses contraintes économiques et sociales. Les pays qui n'ont pas opté pour un changement radical tendent à adopter une démarche progressive et pragmatique, ce qui conforte l'idée que la réforme des systèmes de détermination des rémunérations est en passe de toucher l'ensemble des pays de l'OCDE. Ce rapport s'adresse aux fonctionnaires chargés de la définition, de la mise en oeuvre et du suivi des politiques salariales du secteur public, ainsi qu'aux spécialistes des modes de détermination des rémunérations, de la gestion de l'emploi et des relations professionnelles. Il s'adresse également aux universitaires, spécialistes du marché du travail et de la détermination des salaires.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789264071469
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 483; Toxicologie génétique; Essai cytogénétique sur cellules germinales de mammifère
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 483: Toxicologie génétique: Essai cytogénétique sur cellules germinales de mammifère
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This test measures chromosome events in spermatogonial germ cells and is, therefore, expected to be predictive of induction of inheritable mutations in germ cells. Male Chinese hamsters and mice are commonly used. Animals are exposed to the test substance (liquid or solid) by an appropriate route of exposure, usually by gavage or by intraperitoneal injection. Then, they are sacrificed at appropriate times after treatment. Each treated and control group must include at least five analysable males. Test substances are preferably administered once or twice but they may also be administered as a split dose to facilitate administering a large volume of material. Prior to sacrifice, animals are treated with a metaphase-arresting agent. Chromosome preparations are then made from germ cells and stained, and metaphase cells are analyzed for chromosome aberrations. A limit test may be performed if no effects would be expected at a dose of 2000 mg/kg bw/d. Positive results from the in vivo spermatogonial chromosome aberration test indicate that a substance induces chromosome aberrations in the germ cells of the species tested.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789264071308
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 475; Essai d'aberration chromosomique sur moelle osseuse de mammifères
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 475: Essai d'aberration chromosomique sur moelle osseuse de mammifères
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The mammalian in vivo chromosome aberration test is used for the detection of structural chromosome aberrations induced by test compounds in bone marrow cells of animals, usually rodents (rats, mice and Chinese hamsters). Structural chromosome aberrations may be of two types: chromosome or chromatid. Animals are exposed to the test substance (liquid or solid) by an appropriate route of exposure (usually by gavage using a stomach tube or a suitable intubation cannula, or by intraperitoneal injection) and are sacrificed at appropriate times after treatment. Prior to sacrifice, animals are treated with a metaphase-arresting agent. Chromosome preparations are then made from the bone marrow cells and stained, and metaphase cells are analysed for chromosome aberrations. Each treated and control group must include at least 5 analysable animals per sex. The limit dose is 2000 mg/kg/body weight/day for treatment up to 14 days, and 1000 mg/kg/body weight/day for treatment longer than 14 days.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789264262010
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Regional Competitiveness and Skills
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Le capital humain, la formation, la qualification et les compétences jouent un rôle essentiel dans le développement des économies régionales. Le concept de région "intelligente", dont le bien-fondé ne fait désormais aucun doute, doit maintenant devenir une réalité. Mais dans quelles conditions et avec quelles priorités ? Cet ouvrage dresse un tableau étayé des pratiques actuelles et des enjeux pour l'avenir. Les politiques régionales s'intéressent de plus en plus aux ressources humaines, à leur orientation vers la demande et à l'amélioration des partenariats. A travers toute la diversité des approches conduites dans les régions des pays industrialisés pour valoriser les ressources humaines, une gouvernance régionale efficace, doublée de préoccupations d'équité, peut renforcer et consolider les politiques nationales. Cet ouvrage donne sur ces questions un éclairage inédit, qui constituera pour tous les acteurs de la dynamique régionale ainsi que pour leurs partenaires nationaux, publics et privés, une source d'information et d'inspiration précieuse.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789264262232
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789264162761
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (51 p)
    Series Statement: Public Management Occasional Papers
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: In many countries a new concept is emerging as an alternative to command-and-control regulation: the concept of shared responsibility between governments and businesses. Governments and businesses are seeing a need for co-operation and partnership, rather than confrontation and adversarial relations. Increasingly, governments and businesses, often represented by business federations, are engaged in dialogue to find more effective and efficient solutions to conflicts between public and private interests, solutions in which multiple public and private bodies set goals, identify solutions, and monitor outcomes. This Occasional Paper contains case studies on different strategies of public/private co-operation from Canada, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264062580
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (149 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Evolution des rémunérations du secteur public dans les pays de l'OCDE 1997
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The reform of pay determination systems has been completed in some OECD countries. This report presents information on the procedures which governments have developed to carry out reforms, and on the results obtained, particularly when the reforms have a positive impact on holding down public expenditure. Comparative analysis of public sector pay determination systems in OECD countries illustrates the wide variety of methods of determining public sector remuneration and shows that each country adapts the instruments available to its own institutional structure and economic and social constraints. Those countries which have not opted for radical change are taking a phased, pragmatic approach, lending weight to the view that reform of pay determination systems is extending to all OECD countries.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264162167
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Budgétisation moderne
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Major budgeting reforms have been initiated in a number of OECD countries in recent years. These reforms focus on giving spending agencies greater flexibility in using resources, in exchange for holding them responsible for achieving results. This publication examines how five Member countries -- Australia, France, New Zealand, Sweden and the United Kingdom -- have implemented reforms in this area and offers an early assessment of the progress of those reforms.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264071032
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 424; Neurotoxicity Study in Rodents
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 424: Neurotoxicity Study in Rodents
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice a été conçue pour obtenir les informations nécessaires pour confirmer ou mieux caractériser une neurotoxicité potentielle de produits chimiques chez des animaux adultes. Cette Ligne directrice utilise le rat. Elle s'adresse spécifiquement à l'administration quotidienne par voie orale, par gavage, (dans l’alimentation, dans l’eau de boisson ou dans des gélules) de la substance d'essai. Quand l'étude est entreprise comme une étude séparée, au moins 20 animaux (10 femelles et 10 mâles) devrait être employés dans chaque dose. Au moins trois groupes traités et un groupe de contrôle devraient généralement être employés. Des niveaux de dose devraient être choisis en prenant en considération toute toxicité précédemment observée et toutes données cinétiques disponibles pour la substance d'essai. Le régime de dosage peut être de 28 jours, 90 jours (subchronique) ou 1 an ou plus (chronique). Les procédures visées dans cette Ligne directrice peuvent également être employées pour une étude aiguë de neurotoxicité. L'essai de limite correspond à un niveau de dose d’au moins 1000 mg/kg pc. Les résultats de cette étude incluent des mesures (pesée, consommation d’eau et de nourriture), des essais fonctionnels, et des observations, au moins quotidiennes, détaillées (ophtalmologie, hématologie, biochimie clinique et histopathologie). Au moins cinq mâles et cinq femelles, choisis parmi le groupe d'essai, devraient être perfusés in situ et utilisés pour la neurohistopathologie détaillée à la fin de l'étude. Les résultats de l'étude doivent être évalués en termes d'incidence, sévérité et corrélation des effets sur le comportement et neuropathologiques (également des effets neurochimiques ou électrophysiologiques si des examens supplémentaires sont inclus) et de tous les autres effets nuisibles observés.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264071247
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 471; Essai de mutation réverse sur des bactéries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 471: Essai de mutation réverse sur des bactéries
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The bacterial reverse mutation test uses amino-acid requiring at least five strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli to detect point mutations by base substitutions or frameshifts. The principle of this bacterial reverse mutation test is that it detects mutations which revert mutations present in the test strains and restore the functional capability of the bacteria to synthesize an essential amino acid. Suspensions of bacterial cells are exposed to the test substance (liquid or solid) in the presence and in the absence of an exogenous metabolic activation system. At least five different analysable concentrations of the test substance should be used. The recommended maximum test concentration for soluble non-cytotoxic substances is 5 mg/plate or 5 ml/plate. There are two methods: the plate incorporation method and the preincubation method. For both techniques, after two or three days of incubation at 37°C, revertant colonies are counted and compared to the number of spontaneous revertant colonies on solvent control plates.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789264174436
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (90 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: This book summarises the environmental implications of globalisation (both positive and negative) in terms of governance (the changing role of the nation-state and other institutions), competitiveness, foreign investments (pollution havens/industrial migration), sectoral economic activities (energy, transport, agriculture), technological change, and corporate environmental strategies.
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789264292260
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (142 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: La mesure des activités scientifiques et technologiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Proposed Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Technological Innovation Data; Oslo Manual
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Proposed Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Technological Innovation Data: Oslo Manual
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Évaluer l'ampleur des activités d'innovation, les caractéristiques des firmes menant ces activités et les facteurs internes et systémiques qui les influencent est essentiel à la conduite et à l'analyse des politiques de promotion de l'innovation technologique. Le Manuel d'Oslo est la source internationale de principes directeurs en matière de collecte et d'utilisation d'informations sur les activités d'innovation dans l'industrie. Cette seconde édition reflète les progrès réalisés dans la compréhension du processus de l'innovation, l'expérience acquise lors de la précédente vague d'enquêtes sur l'innovation, l'extension du champ d'enquête à d'autres secteurs d'activité industrielle ainsi que les révisions des classifications internationales types.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789264071292
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 474; Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 474: Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: L'essai de micronoyaux de mammifères est employé pour la détection des dommages induits par la substance d'essai aux chromosomes ou à l'appareil mitotique des érythroblastes, par l'analyse des érythrocytes prélevés dans la moelle et/ou les cellules du sang périphérique des animaux, habituellement des rongeurs (souris ou rats). Le but de l'essai de micronoyaux est d'identifier des substances (liquide ou solide) qui causent des lésions cyto-génétiques et des micronoyaux dans lesquels il reste des fragments de chromosomes ou des chromosomes entiers. Une augmentation de la fréquence des érythrocytes polychromatiques micronucléés chez les animaux traités est une indication des dommages chromosomiques induits. Les animaux sont exposés à la substance d'essai par une voie d’exposition appropriée (habituellement par gavage à l'aide d'une sonde gastrique ou d'une canule de tubage adaptée, ou par injection intrapéritonéale). La moelle et/ou les cellules sanguines sont rassemblées, préparées sur des lames et colorées. Les lames sont analysées pour détecter la présence de micronoyaux. Chacun des groupes traités et de contrôle doivent inclure au moins 5 animaux analysables par sexe. L'administration des traitements se compose d'une dose unique de la substance d'essai ou de deux doses quotidiennes (ou plus). La dose limite est 2000 mg/kg pc/j pour le traitement jusqu'à 14 jours, et 1000 mg/kg pc/j pour le traitement de plus de 14 jours.
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9789264071285
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 474; Le test de micronoyaux sur les érythrocytes de mammifères
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 474: Le test de micronoyaux sur les érythrocytes de mammifères
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The mammalian in vivo micronucleus test is used for the detection of damage induced by the test substance to the chromosomes or the mitotic apparatus of erythroblasts, by analysis of erythrocytes as sampled in bone marrow and/or peripheral blood cells of animals, usually rodents (mice or rats). The purpose of the micronucleus test is to identify substances (liquid or solid) that cause cytogenetic damage which results in the formation of micronuclei containing lagging chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes. An increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in treated animals is an indication of induced chromosome damage. Animals are exposed to the test substance by an appropriate route (usually by gavage using a stomach tube or a suitable intubation cannula, or by intraperitoneal injection). Bone marrow and/or blood cells are collected, prepared and stained. Preparations are analyzed for the presence of micronuclei. Each treated and control group must include at least 5 analysable animals per sex. Administration of the treatments consists of a single dose of test substance or two daily doses (or more). The limit dose is 2000 mg/kg/body weight/day for treatment up to 14 days, and 1000 mg/kg/body weight/day for treatment longer than 14 days.
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9789264071537
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 486; Unscheduled DNA Synthesis (UDS) Test with Mammalian Liver Cells in vivo
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 486: Unscheduled DNA Synthesis (UDS) Test with Mammalian Liver Cells in vivo
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Le but de l'essai synthèse non programmée de d'ADN (UDS) sur les cellules de foie de mammifères in vivo est d'identifier les substances qui induisent la réparation de l'ADN après excision et élimination d'un segment d'ADN contenant la région endommagée par l'agent physique ou chimique (solides ou liquides). L'essai est habituellement basé sur l'incorporation de thymidine tritiée, 3H-TdR, (pendant 3-8 heures) dans l'ADN des hépatocytes qui ont peu fréquemment des cellules en phase S du cycle de cellules. L’incorporation de 3H-TdR est habituellement déterminée par autoradiographie. Les rats sont généralement utilisés, et au moins trois animaux analysables par groupe sont utilisés. Normalement, au moins deux niveaux de dose sont employés. Un essai limite peut être réalisé si aucun effet n’est prévu à une dose de 2000 mg/kg pc/j. La substance d’essai est généralement administrée comme traitement unique par gavage en utilisant une sonde gastrique ou une canule d'intubation appropriée. Des hépatocytes sont prélevés sur des animaux traités 12-16 heures après l’administration du produit. Après l'autoradiographie, normalement 100 cellules sont comptées par animal sur au moins deux lames. Un résultat positif de l'essai d'UDS avec les cellules de foie mammifères indique in vivo qu'une substance induit des dommages d'ADN en cellules de foie mammifères in vivo qui peuvent être réparées par la synthèse imprévue d'ADN in vitro. Un résultat négatif indique que, dans les conditions d'essai, la substance d'essai n'induit pas des dommages d'ADN qui sont discernables par cet essai.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264071476
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 483; Mammalian Spermatogonial Chromosome Aberration Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 483: Mammalian Spermatogonial Chromosome Aberration Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cet essai mesure des événements chromosomiques dans les cellules germinales de spermatogonies et devrait donc prévoir l'induction de mutations héréditaires dans les cellules germinales. Des hamsters chinois et des souris mâles sont généralement utilisés. Les animaux sont exposés à la substance d'essai (liquide ou solide) par une voie appropriée d'exposition, habituellement par gavage ou par injection intrapéritonéale. Puis, ils sont sacrifiés à des moments appropriés après traitement. Chacun des groupes traités et témoins incluent au moins cinq mâles analysables. Les substances d'essai sont de préférence administrées une ou deux fois mais elles peuvent également être administrées en prises fractionnées quand le volume à administrer est grand. Avant le sacrifice, les animaux sont traités avec un inhibiteur de fuseau. Des préparations chromosomiques sont alors faites à partir des cellules germinales puis colorées. Les aberrations chromosomiques des cellules en métaphase sont analysées. Un essai limite peut être réalisé si aucun effet n’est prévu à une dose de 2000 mg/kg pc/j. Des résultats positifs de l'essai d'aberration chromosomique sur des spermatogonies in vivo indiquent qu'une substance induit des aberrations chromosomiques dans les cellules germinales des espèces examinées.
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789264071339
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 476; In vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 476: In vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: L'essai in vitro de mutation génique sur des cellules de mammifères peut être employé pour détecter des mutations induites par les substances chimiques. Dans ces lignées cellulaires, les systèmes les plus couramment utilisés permettent de détecter une mutation sur les loci de la thymidine kinase (TK), de l’hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) et d’un transgène de la xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (XPRT). Les essais de la mutation de TK, de HPRT et de XPRT détectent différents types d’événements génétiques. Des cellules en suspension ou en culture monocouche sont exposées à quatre concentrations analysables de la substance d'essai au moins, avec et sans activation métabolique, pendant une période appropriée. Elles sont repiquées pour déterminer la cytotoxicité et pour permettre l'expression phénotypique avant la sélection. On recommande d'utiliser au moins 106cellules. La cytotoxicité est habituellement déterminée en mesurant l'efficacité de clonage relative (survie) ou la croissance totale relative des cultures après la période de traitement. Les cultures traitées sont maintenues dans le milieu de croissance pendant une période suffisante, caractéristique de chaque locus et de chaque type cellulaire, afin de permettre l'expression phénotypique presque optimale des mutations induites. La fréquence de mutant est déterminée par l’ensemencement d’un nombre connu de cellules dans le milieu contenant l'agent sélectif pour détecter des cellules mutantes, et dans le milieu sans agent sélectif pour déterminer l'efficacité de clonage (viabilité). Après un temps approprié d'incubation, des colonies sont comptées.
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789264192263
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (122 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes directeurs proposés pour le recueil et l'interprétation des données sur l'innovation technologique ; Manuel d'Oslo
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes directeurs proposés pour le recueil et l'interprétation des données sur l'innovation technologique : Manuel d'Oslo
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: The ability to determine the scale of innovation activities, the characteristics of innovating firms, and the internal and systemic factors that can influence innovation is a prerequisite for the pursuit and analysis of policies aimed at fostering technological innovation. The Oslo Manual, issued in 1997, is the foremost international source of guidelines for the collection and use of data on innovation activities in industry. This second edition has been updated to take account of the progress made in understanding the innovation process, the experience gained from the previous round of innovation surveys, the extension of the field of investigation to other sectors of industry and the latest revisions of international standard classifications.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789264062146
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (512 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This specialised Directory provides information on over 1 700 non-governmental organisations (NGOs) active in the field of habitat and urban development. NGO profiles include their aims, education work and activities in developing contries. Cross-referenced indexes facilitate access to information on "who is doing what and where" in this field. The Directory is a unique and comprehensive guide for development practitioners and planners, as well as for those interested in habitat issues. This Directory is the latest in a series of OECD Development Centre directories on the development activities of NGOs based in OECD Member countries. It is published in the wake of the June 1996 United Nations Conference on Human Settlements- Habitat II. This publication is the fruit of collaboration between four partners: in Nairobi, the United Nations Centre for Human Settlements-Habitat (UNCHS-Habitat), in Geneva, the United Nations Non-Governmental Liaison Service (NGLS), and in Paris, the Research and Technology Exchange Group (GRET) and the OECD Development Centre. The Habitat International Coalition (HIC), based in Mexico, was also associated with the project.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Outlook: Statistics and Projections
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE No. 61 (Édition 1997/1)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The OECD Economic Outlook online database provides historical trends and future projections for a range of economic statistics. These include demand and gross domestic product (GDP), deflators and prices, general government accounts, households and business sectors, labour market, financial data, foreign exchange market, balance of payments, supply block, oil market and other raw materials.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE : statistiques et projections
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Outlook No. 62 (Edition 1997/2)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: La base de données des Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE contient des données rétrospectives et des projections pour un éventail de statistiques économiques, telles que : demande et produit intérieur brut (PIB), déflateurs et prix, comptes des administrations publiques, secteur des ménages et des entreprises, marché du travail, données financières, commerce extérieur, balance des paiements, bloc d'offre et marché du pétrole et autres matières premières.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Outlook: Statistics and Projections
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE No. 62 (Édition 1997/2)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The OECD Economic Outlook online database provides historical trends and future projections for a range of economic statistics. These include demand and gross domestic product (GDP), deflators and prices, general government accounts, households and business sectors, labour market, financial data, foreign exchange market, balance of payments, supply block, oil market and other raw materials.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE : statistiques et projections
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Outlook No. 61 (Edition 1997/1)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: La base de données des Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE contient des données rétrospectives et des projections pour un éventail de statistiques économiques, telles que : demande et produit intérieur brut (PIB), déflateurs et prix, comptes des administrations publiques, secteur des ménages et des entreprises, marché du travail, données financières, commerce extérieur, balance des paiements, bloc d'offre et marché du pétrole et autres matières premières.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789264062047
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (66 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
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