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  • 2020-2024  (40)
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  • International Transport Forum  (47)
  • Dougherty, Sean
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (61)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 23(2023), 2 vom: 21. Juni, Artikel-ID 6, Seite 1-15 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:2 | day:21 | month:06 | elocationid:6 | pages:1-15
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 23(2023), 2 vom: 21. Juni, Artikel-ID 6, Seite 1-15
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:21
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:06
    Angaben zur Quelle: elocationid:6
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-15
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: This paper explores how Early Childhood Education and Childcare (ECEC) can be more effectively financed and delivered to promote human capital development, economic growth and well-being. It discusses evidence showing that quality ECEC contributes to better education outcomes and higher future earnings, particularly for socio-economically disadvantaged children. Yet it identifies challenges in delivering ECEC services, including uneven coverage and lack of affordability in many OECD countries, necessitating intergovernmental fiscal co-operation. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic’s disruptive effects on children’s learning and future GDP, the paper underscores the urgent need for effective policy interventions. These include augmenting public spending, implementing equitable fiscal governance models, enhancing the affordability of services and establishing robust monitoring systems. By addressing these issues, the paper posits that we can ensure equitable access to high-quality ECEC and fortify the resilience of our education systems for future generations.
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.44
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Economics
    Abstract: This paper investigates the role of fiscal federalism in driving ecological transition, a key challenge in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals agenda. The ecological transition seeks a sustainable society that prioritises natural resource preservation and reduces environmental impacts. The study investigates the link between fiscal federalism institutions and ecological transition policies, focusing on regional and local governments’ role in implementing environmental goals. Despite subnational governments’ commitment to green objectives, comprehensive plan implementation has been limited due to local governments’ incentive schemes and capacity constraints. The paper examines the potential of fiscal federalism institutions, such as fiscal rules, transfers and capacity-building programs, to support ecological transition policies. The research emphasises engaging regional and local governments in the green agenda and highlights the need for tailored approaches in multi-level fiscal governance to effectively achieve environmental goals. By investigating fiscal federalism’s potential contribution to ecological transition, the paper offers valuable insights for policymakers addressing environmental challenges through a multi-level governance approach.
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.113
    Keywords: Verkehr ; Daten ; Telekommunikation ; Transport
    Abstract: This report develops a framework for data sharing between transport operators that enables them to better integrate transport services and move towards the creation of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) platforms. The project also identifies the risks that come along with data sharing and how they can be minimised. It complements the ITF Corporate Partnership Board project “Reporting Mobility Data: Good Governance Principles and Practices”, which focuses on the issues public authorities must address when establishing data reporting policies by mobility operators to public authorities.
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.117
    Keywords: Transport ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Over half of Korea's population lives in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. This report looks at how the region's transport system and land uses serve different socio-economic groups and offers insights for reducing inequalities in access. Are services and opportunities equally accessible to all residents of the Seoul Metropolitan Area? Which factors influence accessibility gaps? How can transport planning and decision making take into account accessibility and equity considerations?tr
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.118
    Keywords: Stadtverkehr ; Personenverkehr ; Straßenverkehr ; Radverkehr ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Transport
    Abstract: This report explores how traffic systems and infrastructure can be redesigned and expanded for a broader range of vehicle types, especially "smaller-than-car" or light mobility options. It identifies the potential benefits of making vehicles lighter and diversifying the range of vehicles used for everyday mobility. It also highlights successful policies for encouraging a shift towards urban light mobility in cities. Finally, it presents strategies for implementing frameworks for such policies and highlights measures decision makers should consider as part of their light mobility strategy.
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.116
    Keywords: Luftverkehr ; E-Fuel ; Biokraftstoff ; Kraftstoff ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Transport
    Abstract: The aviation sector has pledged to become climate neutral by 2050. Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) are the only available low-carbon fuel technology for air travel today. They are thus indispensable for the sector to reach its climate targets. This report presents recommendations to promote the production and deployment of SAFs, which can replace conventional fossil aviation fuel to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from aircraft. The insights come from discussions in the ITF's Decarbonising Aviation Common Interest Group, an expert forum on SAF policies bringing together government and industry representatives.
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.161
    Keywords: Gesundheitskosten ; Öffentliche Ausgaben ; Finanzpolitik ; Irland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This working paper uses a new method to assess the fiscal sustainability of the Irish health system by considering the effects of population change and income growth on both government revenue and health spending over time. Spending on healthcare is comparatively high in Ireland, accounting for 8.4% of GNI in 2019. Health spending from public sources is projected to account for 24% of government revenues in 2040 (up from 20% in 2019). The fiscal balance is projected to slightly deteriorate in Ireland by 2040. Population change is projected to be a much greater driver of future health spending in Ireland over the next 20 years as compared to the OECD average. By coupling health spending projections with government revenue projections, our approach provides policymakers with a broader set of whole-of-government policies to consider when addressing financing shortfalls.
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.45
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Employment ; Governance
    Abstract: This study provides an in-depth examination of the fiscal and governance decentralisation of long-term care (LTC) across OECD countries, offering projections of future fiscal burdens of LTC spending across levels of government. With rapid population ageing and a decrease in the supply of informal care, LTC spending has increased significantly. The paper introduces a novel methodology to estimate LTC expenditures across different government levels, including central and subnational governments. By analysing country cases, it explores the responsibilities assigned to each government level and the implications for service delivery and intergovernmental coordination. The study also discusses the overall anticipated increase of LTC expenditure to 2.3% of GDP by 2040, identifying the most impacted countries. This research contributes to our understanding of LTC systems, highlights the challenges of increasing LTC costs and provides insights for optimising governance and fiscal expenditure.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789264464940 , 9789264449527 , 9789264980433
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Fiscal Federalism Studies
    Keywords: Wohneigentum ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Grundsteuer ; Einkommensverteilung ; Südkorea ; Norwegen ; USA ; Belgien ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Governance ; Belgium ; Korea, Republic of ; Norway ; United States
    Abstract: This report addresses housing inequities through a series of analytical chapters and case studies. The cross-country chapters examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on housing demand, develop a proposal for a green land value tax, evaluate the dynamics between fiscal autonomy and housing supply responsiveness, as well as explore the drivers of inter-regional migration. The case studies unravel the changes of Korea's progressive national property tax and a programme to address regional imbalances, assess the impact of the US property tax system on housing, dive into Norway's property taxation in relation to inequality, as well as survey Belgium's approaches to housing policy. With a blend of empirical data and critical analysis, the report underscores the pressing need for comprehensive strategies in addressing housing inequities. It also offers insights for policymakers and scholars, highlighting the complex balance between national and local housing policies.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.110
    Keywords: Ökosteuer ; Schifffahrt ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Welt ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report reviews the effectiveness of carbon pricing, how it might be applied to the shipping sector and with what effects. It also evaluates recent proposals by countries to introduce a price on shipping’s carbon emissions and examines related policy issues.
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  • 11
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.109
    Keywords: Städtischer Wirtschaftsverkehr ; Stadtverkehr ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report explores ways of making deliveries in cities less disruptive and more sustainable. How goods are distributed in urban environments profoundly affects metropolitan life. Urban freight flows impact cities’ economic vitality, their environmental footprint, the safety and efficiency of traffic and the ways public space is used. The report examines how new partnerships, innovative methods, the use of data and intelligent space allocation can ease the pressure on cities and their inhabitants by rapidly growing freight movements in urban areas. It also addresses whether solutions require new forms of data management, what new types of delivery vehicles might be required and how actors can co-ordinate more effectively.
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.39
    Keywords: Economics ; Taxation
    Abstract: Government revenues may be affected by economic growth and changes in demographics over time. The effect of economic growth can be captured by long-run buoyancy – responsiveness of government revenues to GDP growth – while the demographic effect can be captured by changes in labour income, asset income and consumption patterns over the life cycle, as well as population growth. This paper attempts to quantify the effect of population ageing on OECD tax revenues across different levels of government, by estimating error correction models of revenue buoyancies over the 1990 to 2018 period, by type of revenue, country and level of government. Multiple scenarios are used for the projections to 2040, which are combined with scenarios for the evolution of revenue bases using newly harmonized EU and UN National Transfer Accounts data as well as OECD Population Projections.
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  • 13
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.41
    Keywords: Economics ; Taxation ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Fiscal rules are increasingly used at state and local levels to promote fiscal sustainability in OECD countries. Following the Global Financial Crisis, multiple reforms to fiscal rule frameworks were made so that governments could better tackle crises and build buffers for future downturns. This paper examines recent trends in the adoption of fiscal rules across levels of government and empirically assesses their effects with the purpose of providing lessons for the post-COVID-19 period. Beyond addressing the deterioration in public finances after the pandemic, the challenges include addressing the impact of population ageing, climate change and the energy transition, as well as growing regional inequalities. Evolution of the rules employed at the central level are contrasted to those at the subnational levels, including design features and institutional elements, together with their goals and limitations.
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  • 14
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.38
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Taxation
    Abstract: OECD economies are undergoing a seemingly inevitable process of population ageing that has been changing income and consumption patterns. Notably, the demand for health services is expected to increase, while labour forces are projected to shrink. Both factors are projected to negatively impact the sustainability of health systems – the former through an increase in government expenditures on health and the latter through a decrease in government revenues. As health systems and their funding streams tend to be at least partially decentralised in most OECD countries, this fiscal pressure is expected to be asymmetric across levels of government. The objective of this paper is to provide order-of-magnitude estimates of the possible effects of population ageing on government finances across OECD countries, and to discuss reforms to fiscal federalism and intergovernmental relations with the purpose of funding expenditures at all levels of government.
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  • 15
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.104
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Transport
    Abstract: This report provides scenarios for future transport demand and CO2 emissions in South and Southwest Asia up to 2050 to help decision-makers chart pathways to sustainable, resilient transport. The scenarios reflect existing policy initiatives and specific constraints in the region. They also examine the potential impact of policies addressing the challenges and opportunities for transport from Covid-19.
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  • 16
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.107
    Keywords: Lastkraftwagen ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Kosten ; Straßengüterverkehr ; Europa ; Transport
    Abstract: Trucks account for one-fifth of transport sector emissions in Europe. To decarbonise, heavy-duty road freight must switch to zero-emission vehicles quickly. This report examines whether battery electric vehicles, electric road systems and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles could compete with diesel-driven vehicles. It looks at the total cost of ownership across nine different vehicle-size segments in Europe. The report gives six recommendations to accelerate the transition to zero-emission trucks, including the provision of necessary infrastructure.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789282146354
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: ITF Roundtable Reports no.188
    Keywords: Verkehrspolitik ; Verkehrsplanung ; Transport
    Abstract: This report examines what ongoing shifts in the objectives of transport policy mean for transport project appraisal and planning processes. Many countries are rethinking their transport policy and planning objectives. Their focus is increasingly shifting from providing mobility to ensuring accessibility; giving greater priority to equitable access for all; recognising the urgency of decarbonising transport; and making urban environments healthier, safer and more liveable. The report summarises the findings of a discussion among 44 experts from 21 countries at an ITF Roundtable held from 29 September to 31 October 2021.
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  • 18
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.108
    Keywords: Verkehrsunfall ; Verkehrssicherheit ; Stadtverkehr ; Welt ; Transport
    Abstract: This report tracks the progress in reducing the number of road traffic fatalities and serious injuries in cities between 2010 and 2020. It presents traffic safety data collected in 32 cities participating in the ITF Safer City Streets network and compares trends in urban and national road safety. It provides indicators for the risk of traffic death for different road user groups that permits benchmarking of road safety outcomes.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789282113950
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (101 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Keywords: Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Welt ; Transport
    Abstract: This report documents trends in the use of strategic planning in a range of countries and the associated establishment of independent infrastructure advisory bodies. It documents practices in the areas of project identification, appraisal and selection. It considers the appropriate scope of impact assessments, including the use of wider economic impacts and the role of ex post evaluation in contributing to better appraisals of future investments. Finally, it looks at how the effective stewardship of existing infrastructure assets can maximise their ongoing productivity.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282194423
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Keywords: Verkehr ; Ländlicher Raum ; Mobilität ; Welt ; Transport
    Abstract: Limited transport options in rural and remote areas hinder access to basic services, jobs and social activities. This report presents international best practices and recommendations for transport provision in communities where conventional public transport is difficult to sustain. It examines how sustainable accessibility for people without access to a car could be provided in cost-effective ways in rural areas.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789282162330
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (98 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Keywords: Drohne ; Güterverkehr ; Transport
    Abstract: This report presents policy options for the successful integration of drones into the transport system. How can countries reap the benefits of drone transport while limiting risks? The report examines concerns about the acceptability, efficiency and sustainability of drone transport. The analysis covers passenger and freight drones with different payloads and ranges, and also addresses other drone uses that support the transport sector.
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  • 22
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.)
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.90
    Keywords: Blockchain ; Verkehrssektor ; Güterverkehr ; Personenverkehr ; Transport
    Abstract: Blockchain and other distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) could help create trust and consensus in areas of the transport sector where they are needed for efficient solutions but currently often lacking. Such challenges concern for instance clearing transactions amongst multiple parties with divergent interests, authenticating provenance, managing assets, and auditability. This report explores how DLTs can address these issues by providing an alternative to centralised record-keeping and third-party audit-based approaches. It offers recommendations for maximising the benefits of DLTs in transport based on several use cases in freight and logistics as well as passenger transport.
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  • 23
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.89
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Marokko ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Transport ; Morocco
    Abstract: This paper reviews opportunities and challenges for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from Morocco’s transport sector. It provides an overview of the transport system and reviews the country’s existing policies and future plans for reducing CO2 emissions from transport. The paper also provides an overview of the data on transport activity and emissions available for Morocco, and the tools used by government agencies for assessing them. Finally, it proposes options for further action in the context of ITF’s “Decarbonising Transport in Emerging Economies” (DTEE) project
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.91
    Keywords: Güterverkehr ; Frachtschifffahrt ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Lieferkette ; Hafen ; Hamburg ; Environment ; Transport ; Germany
    Abstract: This report assesses the potential of zero carbon supply chains via a case study of the freight transport chain linked to the port of Hamburg. It analyses the initiatives taken by selected main stakeholders to decarbonise freight transport. In addition, it offers recommendations on how the move towards zero carbon supply chains could be accelerated.
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  • 25
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.90
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: This report evaluates policies for transitioning to clean vehicles and clean energy for road transport. The review includes measures that can help to scale up the transition quickly and instruments to manage it. It analyses technologies for clean passenger cars, light commercial vehicles, buses and trucks, and identifies solutions that deliver the greatest benefits. It reviews the policies for the promotion of clean vehicles currently in place and assesses the response of private sector stakeholders. The study specifically takes account of increasing digital connectivity and automation.
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  • 26
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (101 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.94
    Keywords: Luftverkehr ; Luftverkehrspolitik ; Luftreinhaltung ; Transport
    Abstract: This report provides an overview of technological, operational and policy measures that can accelerate the decarbonisation of aviation. Its goal is to support governments and aviation stakeholders looking to introduce aviation decarbonisation measures regionally, nationally and internationally. All measures are discussed in light of their cost-effectiveness and the potential barriers to their implementation. The report summarises the conclusions from an expert workshop held in February 2020 as part of the International Transport Forum’s Decarbonising Transport initiative.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789282138236
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Keywords: Urlaubsverhalten ; Städtetourismus ; Tourismuspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Transport
    Abstract: Travel behaviour has evolved in unexpected ways in urbanised areas in the early 21st century. This report examines how significant breaks with past trends happened - and why these shifts were not foreseen. The Covid-19 pandemic adds to uncertainty about future demand to travel. Forecast-led transport planning is not well equipped to handle uncertainty. The report presents new approaches which explicitly address uncertainty, are vision-led and enable the development of resilient plans. It also considers how governance and institutions can be adapted to support such a paradigm shift.
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  • 28
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.36
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Taxation
    Abstract: Fiscal equalisation refers to the transfer of financial resources to and between subnational governments with the aim of mitigating regional differences in fiscal capacity and expenditure needs. However, the determination of fiscal capacity and expenditure needs is not a straightforward task. OECD countries use widely varying mechanism design approaches in their equalisation systems. This paper compares national approaches, covering the three modes of fiscal equalisation: pure revenue equalisation, revenue/cost equalisation and gap-filling equalisation, describing the distinct impacts of each approach on subnational revenue disparities. A clear inverse relationship emerges between the size of the cost-equalising component within a system and the percentage change in subnational per capita revenue disparities after equalising transfers are applied, although no significant relationship emerges between equalisation and regional convergence.
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  • 29
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.95
    Keywords: Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Instandhaltung ; Daten ; Transport
    Abstract: This report examines the potential of data-driven approaches to improving transport infrastructure maintenance. It assesses trends in maintenance strategies, explores how the targeted use of data could make them more effective for different types of transport infrastructure, and looks into implications for policy.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789282139486
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Roundtable Reports no.179
    Keywords: Periphere Region ; Räumliche Erreichbarkeit ; Welt ; Transport
    Abstract: This report explores the accessibility challenges that people face in remote areas. It demonstrates how state support can ensure access to essential services and reduce social and economic isolation where private markets fail to provide adequate transport connections. It provides a classification of policy interventions in different countries and reviews common design and implementation challenges. Finally, it analyses different approaches to determine the appropriate level of state support for transport in remote communities.
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Discussion Papers no.2021/12
    Keywords: Kommunale Verkehrspolitik ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Stadtverkehr ; Bogota ; Mexiko-Stadt ; Transport ; Colombia ; Mexico
    Abstract: This paper analyses regulations that support non-motorised mobility in Bogotá and Mexico City. It reviews the promotion of bicycles as a sustainable alternative to cars and the rapid implementation of cycling lanes as a substitute for public transport under the Covid-19 crisis. It also discusses the renewed interest in support for dockless micromobility sharing systems. It focuses on subsidies and revision of regulations as avenues to ensure that micromobility will make a durable contribution to sustainable mobility in these cities.
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  • 32
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Discussion Papers no.2021/11
    Keywords: Parken ; Radverkehr ; Kommunale Verkehrspolitik ; USA ; Transport
    Abstract: This paper examines how 37 US cities regulate scooter parking. It analyses rates of improper scooter parking and discusses how cities can employ scooter regulations, in conjunction with other policies, to realise broader goals such as promoting sustainability and mobility.
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  • 33
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (122 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.97
    Keywords: Kommunale Verkehrspolitik ; Nahverkehrspolitik ; Brüssel (Region) ; Industry and Services ; Transport
    Abstract: This report provides recommendations for regulatory and data governance frameworks to support the development of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) in the Brussels-Capital Region. These highlight the need to enable the development of a competitive and innovative MaaS ecosystem, with both public and private actors, in order to maximise the likelihood that sustainable MaaS business models will be developed. The work identifies the necessary scope of a new legal framework for MaaS and recommends how the existing regulation of mobility operators should be modified in order to integrate effectively with the MaaS framework. Finally, the work also addresses key data governance requirements, including data protection, transfer and reporting needed to support the development of MaaS.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789282154298
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport
    Abstract: This report examines the difference in which public transport planning is undertaken and services are delivered. The report focuses primarily on urban public transport markets, with some consideration given to intercity markets. Case studies and examples address bus, tram, metro and urban or regional rail. It discusses how well different models of transport organisation deliver value for money, encourage and harness innovation, and help systems prepare for the challenges and opportunities on the horizon. Recommendations highlight the key main factors for successful reform of public transport systems.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789264878129 , 9789264360266 , 9789264358157
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Fiscal Federalism Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ageing and fiscal challenges across levels of government
    Keywords: Alternde Bevölkerung ; Finanzbeziehungen ; OECD-Staaten ; Deutschland ; China ; Brasilien ; Kanada ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Brazil ; Canada ; China, People’s Republic ; Germany ; Aufsatzsammlung ; OECD ; Deutschland ; China ; Brasilien ; Kanada ; Altersstruktur ; Finanzpolitik
    Abstract: Populations in OECD and emerging economies are ageing rapidly, which will have significant macroeconomic impacts, including on public expenditures and tax revenues. The rules and practices that govern fiscal relations among different levels of government, such as their responsibilities for taxation, spending and debt management, have a bearing on economic efficiency and ultimately growth. The consequences of population ageing at subnational government levels are especially intense. Many local governments are vulnerable to the ageing of their populations from a fiscal perspective. The economic and fiscal challenges of an ageing population go beyond intergovernmental boundaries, and they require complex intergovernmental policy responses. This volume brings together cross-country studies of fiscal policy, demographics and spatial productivity, as well as country studies of Brazil, Canada, China and Germany.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789282114230
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Roundtable Reports no.178
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This report reviews possible determinants of global maritime goods transport over the coming decades. It addresses the uncertainties that surround the future of maritime trade flows such as the development of demand, the costs of environmental regulation, maritime business strategies, the Belt and Road Initiative, and Arctic shipping. The report summarises discussions of an ITF Roundtable held in Paris, France in April 2019.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789264787162 , 9789264943001 , 9789264400528
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (195 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Fiscal Federalism Studies
    Keywords: Finanzausgleich ; Gemeindefinanzen ; Länderfinanzen ; Asien ; Asiatisch-pazifischer Raum ; China ; Indien ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Taxation ; Development ; China, People’s Republic ; India
    Abstract: Subnational governments’ capacity to effectively fund and deliver public services are crucial for the realisation of the benefits of decentralisation. However, subnational capacities often suffer from significant weaknesses, ranging from inadequate assignments of own-revenues, through to flaws in tax administration, the design of intergovernmental transfers, spending assignments and various aspects of public financial management. The volume discusses how better diagnostics and more strategic reforms can contribute to easing the resource constraints on subnational governments, as well as creating appropriate incentives for these governments to improve performance. The volume includes studies of the enabling conditions for subnational capacity building in Asia, as well as focused studies of China and India's fiscal relations challenges.
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  • 38
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 p.)
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.87
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Aserbaidschan ; Environment ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper reviews opportunities and challenges for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from Azerbaijan’s transport sector. It provides an overview of Azerbaijan’s transport system and reviews the country’s existing policies and future plans for reducing CO2 emissions from transport. The paper also provides an overview of the data on transport activity and emissions available for Azerbaijan, and the tools used by government agencies for assessing them. Finally, it proposes options for further action in the context of ITF’s “Decarbonising Transport in Emerging Economies” (DTEE) project.
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  • 39
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Decarbonising Argentina’s Transport System: Charting the Way Forward
    Keywords: Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport
    Abstract: Este artículo examina oportunidades para mitigar emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero del sector de transportes argentino. Igualmente identifica algunos de los mayores desafíos para tal fin, con acento particular en transporte de mercancías. El trabajo analiza acciones tomadas a diferentes niveles de gobierno; igualmente discute el potencial de estas medidas para otras prioridades, como disminuir costos logísticos. De la misma manera, el artículo hace hincapié sobre la disponibilidad de data y las herramientas utilizadas por agencias gubernamentales para examinar las emisiones de transporte en Argentina.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789282174067
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (27 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Roundtable Reports no.182
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This report identifies the success factors for accessibility-based approaches to transport project appraisal. It explores the role of cost-benefit analysis as an appraisal tool and how it could better address distributional issues. Finally, it reviews the case for aligning accessibility metrics more closely with policy objectives and how they can be communicated via accessibility mapping.
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  • 41
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.4
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This document explores the key elements of bilateral air service agreements (ASAs) and recent trends towards increasing liberalisation and examines linkages between ASAs and cross border airline alliance. It discusses issues related to antitrust reviews of proposed alliances and summarises and comments on the impacts of international airline alliances.
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  • 42
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.)
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.44
    Keywords: Transport ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: The Airports Commission was set up by the Government of the United Kingdom in 2012 to take an independent look at the UK’s future airport capacity needs. It has been tasked with setting out the nature, scale, and timing of steps needed to maintain the UK’s status as an international hub for aviation, alongside recommendations for making better use of the UK’s existing runway capacity by the end of 2013; and setting out recommendations on how to meet any need for additional airport capacity in the longer-term by the summer of 2015. In December 2013 the Commission published its Interim Report, which included a short-list of three options for increasing the UK’s aviation capacity in the long-term: two at Heathrow and one at Gatwick. To determine which alternative would provide the largest benefits to passengers, freight businesses and the UK economy overall it is important to understand how airlines are likely to respond to increased runway capacity. This report examines the likely responses from airlines in all segments of the market: the local hub carrier, BA, other network airlines, short and long haul low-cost carriers and charter airlines. It identifies the main drivers of airline behaviour and considers the possible influence of changes to existing business models and the introduction of new types of aircraft, such as the Boeing Dreamliner and Airbus A350. The report develops six sets of responses, three following expansion of Gatwick and three following expansion of Heathrow, to test the likely evolution of the market. As the future of the highly dynamic aviation market is uncertain, it checks the resilience of each across five different scenarios of how the global aviation sector may develop in the future. The analysis maps the implications for connectivity and potential benefits to the consumer through airline competition and relieving congestion at airports and reducing the associated economic rents. This report is part of the International Transport Forum’s Country-Specific Policy Analysis (CSPA) series. These are topical studies on specific transport policy issues of concern to a country carried out by ITF on request.
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  • 43
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.3
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L’évaluation des projets transformationnels : Le cas du Grand Paris Express
    Keywords: Transport ; France
    Abstract: This paper starts from the premise that the scope of the appraisal of transport projects should depend upon the presence (or absence) of various forms of market failure. It reviews the purposes and processes of transport appraisal before setting out a typology of market failures. Then it examines what distinguishes marginal, non-marginal and transformational projects in appraisal terms and what special challenges are created by transformational projects. The report then considers the methods available for the appraisal of such projects and the challenges faced.
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  • 44
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.2
    Keywords: Transport ; South Africa
    Abstract: This paper outlines the competitiveness of ports in Durban, south Africa. It looks at port performance, impact, and policies and governance issues.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.1
    Keywords: Transport ; Mexico
    Abstract: This report aims to provide a basis for understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the current system, in comparison to rail systems elsewhere in the world, and provide an analytical basis for identification of opportunities for further improvement. It also discusses risks in relation to regulatory reform and the policy making process for managing those risks.
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  • 46
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.5
    Keywords: Transport ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This report assesses quantitatively the competition, scarcity and connectivity impacts of different airline responses to expanding runway capacity at Gatwick or Heathrow.
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  • 47
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (27 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Discussion Papers no.2014/17
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have the potential to increase efficiency and improve resource allocation. However, contract renegotiations are common and make us question the benefits to PPPs. Under current accounting standards, PPPs allow intertemporal reallocations of infrastructure spending that do not occur under traditional methods of procuring infrastructure and which allow governments to escape the constraints of congressional purview. We review the theoretical results in Engel et al. [2009a] as well as data from Colombia, Chile and Peru, comprising 610 highway PPPs and 540 renegotiations processes to verify these predictions. The data and original analysis comes from Bitran et al. [2013], complemented with additional descriptive statistics. The empirical evidence supports the predictions of the theoretical model.
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  • 48
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Discussion Papers no.2011/10
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  • 49
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Discussion Papers no.2011/03
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. De meilleures réglementations économiques : Le rôle du régulateur
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  • 50
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Discussion Papers no.2011/01
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  • 51
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.917
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  • 52
    Language: English
    Pages: 49 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.834
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper presents a framework to assess the impact of a wide range of structural policy reforms on GDP per capita at various horizons by linking together previous empirical studies mostly carried out by the OECD. The simple accounting framework consists of reduced-form equations and offers a more tractable and realistic alternative to an estimated general equilibrium model. Though this involves some risks of double counting the effects of certain reforms and omits interactions across different policy areas, the plausible scenarios suggest that the largest long-run GDP per capita gains may be obtained from reforms that would raise the quantity and quality of education, strengthen competition in product markets, reduce the level and/or duration of unemployment benefits, cut labour tax wedges and relax employment protection legislation. Past reforms in these areas might also have contributed to as much as half of GDP per capita growth in OECD countries in the decade prior to the recent financial and economic crisis. Simulations further indicate that addressing all policy weaknesses in each OECD country by aligning policy settings on the OECD average could raise GDP per capita by as much as 25% in the typical country.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789282103081
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Round Tables no.149
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer la pratique de l'évaluation des projets de transport
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is indispensable for making good decisions on what transport projects to fund. It essentially aims to figure out which projects offer the best value for money. However, the practical relevance of CBA does not always live up to its appeal in principle. One problem is that there is sometimes disagreement over what to include in CBA, both on the cost side and the benefits side of the analysis. As a result, value for money is not always fully transparent. More politically, value for money is only a partial criterion for decision-making, leading to disagreement about the relative importance of the results from CBA compared to other inputs to the decision-making process. This report examines the extent to which these shortcomings can be addressed. In terms of what to include in CBA, discussion focuses on equity and distributional impacts, productivity effects, agglomeration benefits and external costs. The focus then turns to how best to present guidance on project selection to decision makers. The report includes papers on the way CBA is used in three countries – France, Mexico and the United Kingdom – and how it is evolving in response to changing policy priorities.
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  • 54
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.755
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  • 55
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2010/15
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives des transports 2010 : Le potentiel de l'innovation
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  • 56
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2010/12
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2010/13
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  • 58
    Language: English
    Pages: 16 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2010/11
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les perspectives du transport interurbain de personnes : Rapprocher les citoyens - 18ème Symposium international sur l'économie des transports et la politique
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789282102978
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Round Tables no.148
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stimuler les technologies pour les véhicules à faibles émissions de carbone
    RVK:
    Keywords: Transport ; Kraftfahrzeug ; Kohlendioxidbelastung
    Abstract: Governments around the world are increasingly intervening in automobile markets to improve fuel economy and reduce emissions of CO2 from new vehicles. This report reviews the rationale for such intervention and examines measures for maximum effectiveness and minimum cost. The Round Table brought together economists, policy makers and auto engineers with the aim of advancing understanding of why car markets currently fail to deliver sufficient fuel economy. It started by questioning whether any additional measures would be necessary once an appropriate price for carbon dioxide is established via fuel taxes. It confirmed that there are indeed market imperfections that merit additional government intervention. Fuel economy and CO2 regulations are an essential part of the package. The key to maximising the benefits of such regulations is long-term planning. The longer the timeframe, the less industry investment is handicapped by uncertainty. Subsidies to electric vehicles are more problematic because of the risks of prematurely picking winning technologies and creating subsidy dependence. And electricity production has yet to be decarbonised. However, intervention to steer innovation in this direction is merited so long as the risks of not attaining climate policy targets are seen as higher than the risks of intervention.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789282102640
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (295 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Towards Zero; Ambitious Road Safety Targets and the Safe System Approach
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Zéro tué sur la route ; Un système sûr, des objectifs ambitieux
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Towards Zero: Ambitious Road Safety Targets and the Safe System Approach
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Zéro tué sur la route : Un système sûr, des objectifs ambitieux
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Каждый год на автомобильных дорогах мира погибает около 1,2 миллиона человек и еще 50 миллионов получают тяжелые травмы. Но аварии в большинстве случаев предотвратимы и есть много методов, позволяющих избавить людей от горя, которое они приносят, и снизить их негативные экономические последствия. Многие страны поставили перед собой задачи по снижению числа жертв на дорогах. Выполняют ли эти страны поставленные задачи? Что можно сделать прямо сейчас и в долгосрочной перспективе для выполнения этих задач? Есть ли предел возможностей у традиционных подходов к обеспечению дорожной безопасности? В данном докладе дается обзор последних событий и инициатив, направленных на выполнение все более амбициозных задач в области повышения уровня дорожной безопасности. Доклад уделяет особое внимание изменениям в системе ведомственного управления, которые необходимо ввести во многих странах для успешного применения мер по повышению безопасности на дорогах. Доклад подчеркивает также необходимость четкой ориентации на результат и рассматривает экономические обоснования для инвестиций в дорожную безопасность. Он призывает страны с высокими результатами по повышению дорожной безопасности сделать еще больше и активно рекомендует принять системный подход к безопасности, в долгосрочной перспективе способный привести к полному устранению жертв на дорогах. Доклад является наиболее значительным международным обзором достижений в области развития системного подхода к безопасности, принятого в настоящее время в небольшом числе стран. Доклад должен быть полезен всем, кто работает в области управления дорожным хозяйством, и тем, в чью сферу интересов входит повышение уровня безопасности дорожного движения.
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789282102855
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Round Tables no.147
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mettre en œuvre la tarification de la congestion
    RVK:
    Keywords: Transport ; Straßenbenutzungsgebühr
    Abstract: Recent advances in the scientific understanding of urban traffic congestion have only strengthened the already solid case for congestion charges as an element of a successful urban transport policy. But examples of real-world congestion charging systems remain few and far between. What can be done to improve the chances of their more widespread adoption in practice? This report draws lessons from attempts to introduce congestion charges. Technology is not an obstacle, and technologies should serve policy purposes instead of define them. Charging systems are not cheap and thus should only be used where congestion is severe. Public acceptance is seen to be the key to successful implementation. Although environmental benefits and careful deployment of toll revenues may improve acceptance, a charging system should never lose sight of its principal aim, which is to reduce congestion.
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