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  • 101
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: General Economy, Macroeconomics, and Growth Study
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: This report adds value because its inclusive approach of engaging with a broad-based group of stakeholders at the time of both analysis and engagement has served a means of building support for needed reforms. The goal was to generate ownership among Mindanawons through consultations which were guided by mostly local technical experts. For the analysis, the World Bank partnered with leading universities, think tanks, experts, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Some 90 percent of the extended team came from within Mindanao, and they contributed more than 40 background papers. The study's inclusive approach was to listen intently to government, business, labor, civil society, and vulnerable groups who are often left out in the engagement process, such as indigenous people, Moro women, out-of-school youth, combatants, and internally displaced people. From January 2015 to June 2016, some 1,500 stakeholders were consulted. Finally, 10 eminent individuals with government, business, labor, and civil society experience provided strategic advice to the report team. Finally, building on the dialogue with the Philippine government and stakeholders in Mindanao, this report proposes a strategy for regional development in Mindanao. The three main components are to (1) raise agricultural productivity and improve farm-to-market connectivity; (2) boost human development; and (3) address drivers of conflict and fragility and strengthen institutions in ARMM and conflict-affected areas. The World Bank engagement for Mindanao will be based on this strategy. Policy recommendations are made in four separate categories: (1) increasing agricultural productivity by improving extension and irrigation services, along with price reforms to realize Mindanao's agriculture potential; (2) building up logistics and transport connectivity by improving road networks and the efficiency of shipping services to reduce trade costs; (3) improving the supply of reliable power and the speed, affordability ,and quality of information and communications technology (ICT) services by fostering competition; and (4) supporting private investment by addressing the growing skills gap, the high regulatory burden for businesses, and by improving financial inclusion and the governance of land. A separate section considers economic policy measures to support the resolution of Mindanao's longstanding violent conflicts
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  • 102
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other papers
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The study analyzes the SE landscape and related ecosystem of seven SAARC countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The scope of this study is limited to three sectors that are significant for SEs: (a) Agri-business, (b) Healthcare and (c) Renewable Energy. The study covers mapping and evaluation of organized SE activity (government recognized legal structure) within each sector. The selection of the basic services was done based on priorities of WB Systematic Country Diagnostics and various multi-stakeholders consutations.This report attempts to bridge the information gap for the SE ecosystem in the SAARC region excluding India. While analyzing the SE landscape and ecosystem in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries, this report aims to provide insights to various stakeholders to design initiatives for deeper assessment of the priority sectors and segments for promoting social entrepreneurship across these countries
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  • 103
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Urban Study
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: Urbanization is a driving force for growth and poverty reduction. Globally, over 80 percent of economic activity is concentrated in cities, and cities are essential for lifting millions of people out of poverty through the opportunities that density and agglomeration can bring with jobs, services, and innovation. However, if not carefully managed and planned for, the benefits of urbanization are not realized and can result in congestion, slums, pollution, inequality and crime. City competitiveness is an important part of successful urbanization. A competitive city facilitates its firms and industries to create jobs, raise productivity, and increase the incomes of citizens over time. At the same time, it is not possible to achieve these objectives without strong institutions, social inclusion, resilience, and environmental sustainability. All of these elements are important to harnessing the benefits of urbanization and must be enabled by both national and local governments. Chapter one of the report provides an introduction to urbanization in the Philippines. Chapter two covers analysis of urbanization and growth in the Philippines, Chapter three focuses on city competitiveness for economic development and job creation, chapter four provides an analysis of urban poverty with a particularly focus on informal settler families (ISFs) in Metro Manila, chapter five outlines the key binding constraints related to institutions for urban development and metropolitan governance; and chapter six covers constraints related to land administration and management in urban areas. Each chapter includes a framework for analysis, identification and assessment of key issues, and provides recommendations for the Government of the Philippines to consider. Important topics related to environmental sustainability and resilience are included as a cross cutting issue as they relate to urban planning and land management, but not covered in depth as they have been addressed in other World Bank reports. The full study is summarized below. Background technical papers for each section have also been prepared and cover much more analysis and detail. These are available as a companion to this policy report
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  • 104
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other papers
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The Arab Spring protests marked the beginning of a new era in the Syrian Arab Republic in 2011. Minor public protests began almost immediately after the initial protests in Cairo in January 2011. The first large demonstrations began two months later in March, and the following months saw a process of escalation as demonstrations spread and increased in size within the country. By the summer of 2011, the armed conflict was already unfolding. Now in its sixth year, the Syrian conflict remains active and is bringing much pain and tragedy on a daily basis. This study provides an assessment of the conflict's impact on economic and social outcomes in Syria as of early 2017. The analysis focuses on taking stock of the effects of the conflict in four areas: (i) physical damage, (ii) loss of lives and demographic dispersion, (iii) economic outcomes, and (iv) human development outcomes
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  • 105
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The Iran Economic Monitor provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the past six months. It examines these economic developments and policies in a longer-term and global context, and assesses their implications for the outlook for the country. Its coverage has ranged from the macroeconomy to financial markets to indicators of human welfare and development. It is intended for a wide audience, including policy makers, business leaders, financial market participants, and the community of analysts and professionals engaged in Iran
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  • 106
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Public Expenditure Review
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: Ghana has experienced an extended period of robust growth since the early 2000s, supported by a favorable external environment and large investment inflows, particularly in the extractive industries. In 2011, as the start of oil production drove a surge in per capita income, Ghana graduated from low-income to lower-middle-income status. Despite the key role of the extractive industries, recent growth has been relatively inclusive, and Ghana achieved its Millennium Development Goal of halving the poverty rate by 2015. However, macroeconomic conditions have deteriorated since 2012, giving rise to substantial domestic and external imbalances. Although external shocks have underscored Ghana's vulnerability to global commodity and financial markets, the recurring nature of its imbalances reflects deeper structural deficiencies in its macroeconomic policies and public financial management (PFM) framework. A heavy focus on commodity exports has accelerated Ghana's recent growth, but the country's economic outlook increasingly hinges on a narrow range of volatile commodity prices
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  • 107
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: Pakistan's economy continues to grow strongly, emerging as one of the top performers in South Asia. Beneath the surface, however, a number of warning signs are emerging. Revenue growth is slowing, with the fiscal deficit growing for the first time in three years. Exports continue to fall as imports grow, substantially increasing the current account deficit. Investment rates - already low - fell further in FY16 (the latest data available). Finally, the energy sector circular debt has resurfaced. These emerging concerns suggest that renewed policy emphasis is required on macroeconomic stability - to prevent the country from losing the impressive gains achieved over the past four years - and other structural reforms such as those required in the energy sector. While the federal government necessarily carries the majority of this burden, provincial governments also have a part to play. The special sections of this update analyze some of the specific challenges facing Pakistan's most populous province, Punjab, including increasing own-source revenue, equipping youth with employable skills and ensuring the poor share in the benefits of growth. Punjab, along with federal and other provincial governments, is also confronted with the urgent task of lifting agricultural productivity and addressing distortive subsidies, which are impeding growth
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  • 108
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The country partnership framework (CPF) for Brazil covers the six-year period from FY18 to FY23.1 The CPF is aligned with the objectives of the country's development strategy as outlined in the Brazil growth strategy presented by the authorities and is rooted in the findings and recommendations of the World Bank Group (WBG) systematic country diagnostic (SCD) for Brazil, which contains an analysis of key constraints for inclusive and sustainable growth. The CPF supports the country in making further progress on the WBG twin goals of eliminating extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity through a program that focuses on creating the conditions for faster job growth. The CPF reflects the priorities of the Brazilian authorities and the resources and capacity of the WBG to deliver against these priorities. The CPF is built around three focus areas: (i) fiscal consolidation and government effectiveness; (ii) private sector investment and productivity; and (iii) equitable and sustainable development. The CPF continues the strong focus on improved service delivery that was at the center of the previous strategy, including through the implementation of the large existing portfolio, but with a growing emphasis on new management models that promise to increase the efficiency and efficacy of the public sector in addition to safeguarding access for the poor
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  • 109
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: Ethiopia has achieved substantial progress in economic, social, and human development over the past decade. The country partnership framework (CPF) draws on the findings of the World Bank Group (WBG's) 2016 systematic country diagnostic (SCD) for Ethiopia, which identified eight binding constraints to ending extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity, along with two overarching challenges: the need for a sustainable financing model for growth, and inadequate feedback mechanisms to facilitate citizen engagement and government account- ability. This CPF succeeds the Ethiopia FY13-FY16 country partnership strategy (CPS), which was discussed at the Board on August 29, 2012. It also reflects lessons learned and resulting suggestions from the CPS completion and learning review (CLR), which is presented in this report. Following a decade of strong economic growth in Ethiopia, the CPF addresses the challenges of forging a growth path that is more broadly inclusive and sustainable. The CPF program will focus on: (i) promoting structural and economic transformation through increased productivity; (ii) building resilience and inclusiveness (including gender equality); and (iii) supporting institutional accountability and confronting corruption. This CPF adopts a spatial lens through which this five-year program will seek to deliver bold results and to tackle two of the greatest spatial challenges to Ethiopia's quest to achieve lower middle-income status by 2025
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  • 110
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: This World Bank Group (WBG) Guinea-Bissau country partnership framework (CPF) will be the first full country strategy since 1997. The development of the CPF has benefited from the findings of the 2016 systematic country diagnostic (SCD) and the 2015 fragility assessment, and addresses the main lessons learned from the completion and learning review (CLR) at annex 2. It also reflects feedback from consultations with the government, private sector, civil society, and development partners. This CPF supports the national development plan, Terra Ranka (fresh start), which was developed by the government elected in 2014. The CPF presents a selective and flexible WBG program. The focus areas of the CPF program will be on increased access to quality basic services and expanded economic opportunities and enhanced resilience to shocks
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  • 111
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: Nicaragua remains one of the poorest countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). About 30 percent of the population lived below the official poverty line in 2014, and eight percent were considered extremely poor. GDP per capita stood at about USD 2,087 in 2015, the second lowest in LAC after Haiti. Access to basic services, such as electricity and water and sanitation, is low and largely unequal. Other key social indicators, including access to education, completion rates, and teenage pregnancy, also lag behind the regional average. Since the country's democratic transition in the early 1990s, Nicaragua has undergone a solid economic recovery from a very low base, due to three main factors. These include i) improved macroeconomic management and debt relief; ii) reforms aiming at transforming Nicaragua back into a market economy; and iii) demographic change. As a result, real GDP growth averaged about 4 percent between 1994 and 2015
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  • 112
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Policy Notes
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: This policy note discusses strengthening institutions for urban and metropolitan management and service delivery and is part of a broader Philippines urbanization study. Strong institutions are critical to the effective management of cities, the delivery of efficient urban services and infrastructure, and the establishment of an enabling environment for business and job creation. Strong institutions are needed to design and support policies for land and housing markets, raise and equitably redistribute revenues, and promote a safe and sustainable urban environment both at the national and local levels. A number of underlying institutional and governance issues at national and metropolitan levels in the Philippines stand out as binding constraints which have limited the country from optimizing the benefits of urban development. Even as the share of the national population living in urban areas has expanded to around 50 percent, urbanization in the country has never been guided by a comprehensive urban development policy supported by a clearly defined institutional framework. Institutional fragmentation among various oversight and sectorial agencies at the national level has exacerbated the weak institutional environment for urban development. The continuing expansion and population growth of urban areas throughout the country heightens the urgency for adopting comprehensive urban policy and institutional reforms that will enable the country to harness the benefits of urban development and mitigate negative externalities. There are a number of key challenges related to governance and institutions that are hampering successful urbanization: (i) absence of a comprehensive national urban policy; (ii) absence of a lead agency for urban development; (iii) weaknesses in the fiscal decentralization framework; and (iv) metropolitan fragmentation and weak mechanisms for inter-jurisdictional coordination
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  • 113
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other papers
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: This report was drafted by a working group of United Nations entities, the World Bank, and other stakeholders to suggest a common understanding of the blue economy; to highlight the importance of such an approach, particularly for small island developing states and coastal least developed countries; to identify some of the key challenges its adoption poses; and to suggest some broad next steps that are called for in order to ensure its implementation. Although the term "blue economy" has been used in different ways, it is understood here as comprising the range of economic sectors and related policies that together determine whether the use of oceanic resources is sustainable. An important challenge of the blue economy is thus to understand and better manage the many aspects of oceanic sustainability, ranging from sustainable fisheries to ecosystem health to pollution. A second significant issue is the realization that the sustainable management of ocean resources requires collaboration across nation-states and across the public-private sectors, and on a scale that has not been previously achieved. This realization underscores the challenge facing the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and Least Developed Countries (LDCs) as they turn to better managing their blue economies
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  • 114
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other papers
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: FYR Macedonia has experienced a decline in poverty in the post global financial crisis period (2009-2013) in spite of a weak macroeconomic performance. In contrast to the pre-crisis period when growth was robust but poverty stagnant, poverty indicators indicate an improvement on the living conditions of the bottom of the distribution. Employment gains were the main reason for the increase in welfare among the less well-off, while other income sources like pensions, social assistance or remittances have played a limited role. Labor income at the bottom of the distribution continues to be very low, however, and the sustainability of the employment gains is uncertain as the public sector played an important role for employment expansion in the period. Still, FYR Macedonia faces many challenges looking forward. Despite the recent improvements, poverty and inequality is still high when compared with other countries with similar levels of GDP per capita in the region. Income-generation opportunities for the poor are limited as the poor have very weak labor market attachment, their employment quality is lower than for the rest and are more likely to be employed in low productivity sectors. Inclusive growth seem also to be challenged by the differences in access to high wage jobs for women and the youth. Demographics seem important looking forward, since they will shape future labor markets performance
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  • 115
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The Malawi Economic Monitor (MEM) provides an analysis of economic and structural development issues in Malawi. This edition of the MEM was published in May 2017. It follows on from the four previous editions of the MEM, and is part of an ongoing series, with future editions to follow twice per year. The aim of the publication is to foster better-informed policy analysis and debate regarding the key challenges that Malawi faces in its endeavors to achieve high rates of stable, inclusive and sustainable economic growth. The MEM consists of two parts: Part 1 presents a review of recent economic developments and a macroeconomic outlook. Part 2 focuses in greater depth on a special, selected topic relevant to Malawi's development prospects
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  • 116
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The election of President Michel Aoun in October 2016 after almost two and a half years of a presidential vacancy, and the subsequent formation of a national unity government have generated hope for the resuscitation of the political process in Lebanon. Nonetheless, the protracted Syrian conflict is markedly worsening the country's vulnerabilities and remains an impediment to the return to potential growth. For the fifth year, Lebanon persists as the largest host (on a per capita basis) for displaced Syrians. In 2016, real GDP growth underwent a slight acceleration to reach an estimated 1.8 percent, compared to 1.3 percent in 2015. This was driven by an improvement in the real estate sector, marking a low threshold-effect from a weak performance in 2015 - cement deliveries expanded by 4.4 percent in 2016 compared to a contraction of 8.6 percent in 2015. Real GDP growth was also boosted by tourist arrivals, an indicator that registered an 11.2 percent growth in 2016. Nonetheless, economic activity persists below potential, inhibited by geopolitical and security conditions, which remain decidedly volatile
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  • 117
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Health Study
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: Stunting is a widespread and persistent condition in Indonesia with more than one-third of young children being stunted. The national stunting rate for under five-year-olds increased slightly from 3.8 percent in 2007 to 37.2 percent in 2013, based on official stunting rates reported by the Ministry of Health of the Government of Indonesia. During the same time period, the percentage of population in poverty reduced from 16. Percent to 11.4 percent (World Bank), suggesting that the increased purchasing power did not translate to better nutritional outcomes for children
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  • 118
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Health Study
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The fiscal space analysis for the health sector in Zimbabwe is timely and the need for such analysis has been strongly expressed by the government and its development partners. This imperative is Justified on multiple grounds. As the country is hit by an economic crisis resulting in lower revenues and cuts in expenditures, Understanding the consequences and assessing coping strategies for the health sector is critical. As the Country engages in The implementation of its new health sector strategy which sets ambitious targets in terms of Health outcomes towards Universal Health Coverage, it Is also critical to explore ways to increase resources for the sector, Even in A constrained macro-fiscal environment. The fiscal space analysis also highlights the major sources of inefficiencies to identify areas for improvement to increase the value for money in the sector. Overall, the fiscal space analysis aims to generate evidence to inform MOFED and MOHCC on short-term and medium-term options to generate resources for the health sector. It will provide evidence for government partner consultations on short-term options and choices in light of declining public financing for health and a difficult economic growth outlook
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  • 119
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Foreign Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Capital Flows Study
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: This study assesses the main spillover effects of the Libyan crisis on the Tunisian economy and estimates the crisis' overall social welfare and fiscal impacts on Tunisia. The authors consider four main effects on Tunisia: (i) the increased presence of Libyans in Tunisia (both short- and long-term), and the return of Tunisian workers from Libya; (ii) the level and dynamics of illicit informal trade and informal cash flows between the two countries; (iii) the deterioration of civil security in the region and its effects on private investment and tourism; and (iv) the increase in the Tunisian government's security spending. The chapter is organized as follows. Section one describes the objectives of the investigation and methodology. Section two estimates the number of Libyans living in Tunisia (temporary and permanent) and their demographic characteristics. Section three analyzes the living conditions of Libyan households in Tunisia and provides an estimate of their poverty level. Section four analyzes the shocks to Libyan households, and those households' adaptations and resilience in response to shocks. Section five discusses the migratory decisions of Libyan households, in particular their preference to either return to Libya or remain permanently in Tunisia
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  • 120
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: South Asia Economic Focus
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: For eight consecutive quarters South Asia was the fastest-growing region in the world but not anymore. Despite benign global conditions, regional growth has slowed down. This trend is the result of a deceleration in India, the region's powerhouse. Short-term disruptions related to the introduction of the landmark Goods and Services Tax can explain the steep decline observed in the last quarter, but the deceleration has been going on for more than one year. Over this period imports increased sharply while private investment declined. Behind these trends lies a combination of large public sector borrowing (especially by the states), relatively sticky interest rates despite decreasing inflation, and an increasingly stressed financial sector. While growth has slightly accelerated elsewhere in the region, concerns remain. Bangladesh has seen an increase in financial sector risks and in Pakistan macroeconomic discipline has weakened. At 6.7 percent, growth is projected to remain strong in South Asia in 2017, albeit slightly lower than forecast in June. The growth rate is expected to stabilize around 7 percent over the medium term. Consumption should remain strong and private investment should regain momentum thanks to ongoing support from infrastructure development and economic reforms. Measuring GDP is especially challenging in developing countries, where the informal sector is large and institutional constraints can be severe. As a result, GDP growth estimates are often met with skepticism. But new technologies offer an opportunity to improve matters. Luminosity observed from satellites has been shown to be a good proxy for economic activity, and methodologies have been developed in recent years to predict GDP over time and across space based on nightlight intensity. In South Asia's case, GDP predicted using these methodologies closely tracks National Accounts GDP at the aggregate level, and provides a granular picture of GDP at subnational levels. Nightlight intensity also yields new insights on recent economic developments
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  • 121
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Water and Sanitation Program
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: Cities in the developing world are witnessing unprecedented growth rates. It is expected that 70 percent of the global population will live in cities by 2050. In urban areas, as in rural areas, women and girls are often the primary users, providers, and managers of water in their household, and are the guardians of household hygiene and health. In spaces of urban poverty, such as slums, women and girls experience multiple deprivations that arise from insecurity of land tenure, informal access mechanisms, over- crowding, and the various stresses of urban life. The water supply and sanitation sector, is the juncture at which broader goals of poverty alleviation, social development, gender equality, and sustainable urban development converge. How issues of gender and urban poverty can be addressed comprehensively in the design and implementation of urban water supply and sanitation (UWSS) programs is not yet well understood. In order to address these gaps in knowledge, the World Bank commissioned a study to analyze UWSS issues among the urban poor through a gender and social exclusion lens. Using India, with its burgeoning population and growing number of urban poor, as the context, this study assesses how women, girls, and socially excluded groups are impacted by poor access to water supply and sanitation and how they can be engaged in the design and management of water supply and sanitation programs. It is expected that the findings from this study will inform Government of India's policies in this sector and assist in the design of future World Bank-supported UWSS projects
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  • 122
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Enterprise Surveys
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The Enterprise Surveys (ES) focus on many aspects of the business environment. These factors can be accommodating or constraining for firms and play an important role in whether an economy's private sector will thrive or not. An accommodating business environment is one that encourages firms to operate efficiently. Such conditions strengthen incentives for firms to innovate and to increase productivity - key factors for sustainable development. A more productive private sector, in turn, expands employment and contributes taxes necessary for public investment in health, education, and other services. The topics include infrastructure, trade, finance, regulations, taxes and business licensing, corruption, crime and informality, access to finance, innovation, labor, and perceptions about obstacles to doing business.The surveys are administered to a representative sample of firms in the non-agricultural, formal, private economy. The ES are repeated approximately every four years for a particular economy (or region). By tracking changes in the business environment, policymakers and researchers can look at the effects of policy and regulatory reforms on firm performance.Repeated surveys aid in studying the evolution of the business environment and how it affects the dynamics of the private sector.This document summarizes the results of the Enterprise Survey for Niger. Business owners and top managers in 151 firms were interviewed between April and June 2017
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  • 123
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Rural Study
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: In recent years, the prospects of Kenya's tourism industry have been clouded by a perfect storm of misfortunes - insecurity, growing global competition, and unsustainable tourism development. It is in this context that the potential and actual contribution of the tourism sector to the country's development has been questioned, with claims that tourism contributes less to the Kenyan economy than commonly thought. This report is arranged as follows: Chapter 1 identifies linkages with sectors that provide inputs into tourism as well as sectors that benefit from the boost in demand generated by the industry (termed the backward and forward linkages respectively). The results in Chapter 2 indicate that the effects on the economy depend on the cross-sectoral linkages. Hence, impacts on the economy differ depending on whether they emanate from changes in foreign tourist arrivals, changes in domestic tourist demand, oil price shocks, or foreign exchange shocks. Chapter 3 attempts to explore how long-term growth and poverty rates are affected with investments in the different segments of the tourism industry. Finally, recognizing that growth in the sector is dependent upon sustainable resource use, Chapter 4 contributes to the analysis of alternative policy strategies by investigating policies for the allocation of water. This is a highly relevant, though much neglected issue as Kenya is amongst the most water scarce countries in Africa and also has a highly water intensive economy (when measured in per capita availability, Kenya is more water scarce than land, and projections suggest the former will get worse faster). The Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model is also used to examine the growth consequences of reallocating water from the highly water-dependent tourism industry to other sectors of the economy
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  • 124
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other papers
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: This is a background paper to the Pacific Possible report. Climate change and natural disasters represent major threats to Pacific Island countries. The report estimates the cost of climate adaptation measures for Pacific Island countries. It also proposes a range of strategies for dealing with the high uncertainty surrounding the impact of climate change over the next 25 years
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  • 125
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The objective of this report is to share perspectives with the Government of Bangladesh, think tanks and researchers, the public as well as the Bank's senior management on the state of the economy, outlook, risks, progress on structural policy reforms, and key challenges the economy is currently facing. The coverage includes developments in the real sector focusing on poverty, growth, and inflation; external sector developments focusing on the balance of payments, foreign exchange reserves and the exchange rate; fiscal developments focusing on revenue mobilization, public expenditures, and deficit financing; financial sector developments focusing on credit and interest rates; and monetary developments. This update also assesses the progress in Bangladesh's labor markets and concludes with an exposition of the policy challenges that need to be addressed to accelerate the creation of quality jobs
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  • 126
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: City Development Strategy
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: Technology is one of the main drivers of productivity and economic growth. Developing countries have traditionally had difficulties in both developing technology and absorbing foreign technology. However, the recent emergence of tech startups present an opportunity. Tech start-ups are an effective a mechanism to both create local technology and absorb foreign technology. The objective of this report is to provide a better understanding of the status of Beirut's start-up ecosystem and provide policy recommendations for policy makers and other stakeholders who are interested in supporting the growth and sustainability of the ecosystem. The report is based on an in-depth survey of startups and supportive stakeholders of the ecosystem. The findings point out to an early-to middle stage start-up ecosystem that has passed its nascent growth phase but is still far from maturity. Skills, supportive infrastructure, finance pipeline, and community and networks are examined and gaps are identified. Policy recommendations to tackle these gaps are presented based on international practices
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  • 127
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: Indonesia has exhibited strong macroeconomic performance, but developmental needs remain significant. To raise the living standards of a large population dispersed over thousands of islands, Indonesia must address several key challenges, including a sizeable infrastructure gap, relatively low productivity, and rising inequality. The authorities recognize that the financial sector needs to play a central role in overcoming such challenges. The authorities have been pursuing an ambitious agenda to promote financial sector deepening and to strengthen financial oversight and crisis management. Despite substantial progress since the last FSAP, the financial sector is not yet sufficiently able to fund development needs or boost inclusive economic growth. To promote sustainable financial sector deepening and inclusion, the authorities could consider a more coordinated, cross-cutting approach by addressing root causes. To promote inclusive economic growth and strengthen financial markets, the authorities pursue a diverse policy mix which includes: expansion of the KUR credit guarantee program with an interest subsidy add-on; a deposit interest rate ceiling; requirements for non-bank financial institutions to hold debt issued by the government and state-owned enterprises; and moral suasion to lower bank lending rates. However, these measures may not prove effective in achieving sustainably higher growth and financial deepening
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  • 128
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: Global growth is picking up and the growth in the South Asia region continues to remain strong. A recovery in industrial activity has coincided with a pickup in global trade, after two years of marked weakness. Growth in South Asia remains strong, with regional output projected to grow by 6.8 percent in 2017 and an average of 7.2 percent in 2018-19. Economic activity in Nepal, which rebounded strongly in FY2017, reaching 7.5 percent (year-over-year [y/y]) following two challenging years, has again been impacted by severe flood affecting more than one-third of the country. High inflation in the last two years induced by disruptions moderated sharply by early 2017 and further slowed, reaching decade-low inflation by the end of FY2017, due to moderating inflation in India
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  • 129
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Poverty Study
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The document summarizes an extensive body of research conducted to assess the extent and quality of water supply, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services geographically and over the income distribution using a variety of techniques and data sources; the interaction between WASH outcomes and health, especially nutrition; and the institutional barriers as well as opportunities to reduce the gaps in improved access to WASH between rural and urban areas in Ecuador
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  • 130
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Mining, Oil and Gas
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: This is a background paper to the Pacific Possible report. Technological progress has given rise to increased interest in deep sea minerals. This report takes stock of existing policy, legal and fiscal arrangements supporting DSM decision making and the regulatory and institutional capacities necessary to assure positive outcomes. As such, the report summarizes the knowns and unknowns characterizing the current state of DSM, frames the need to apply the precautionary approach given information uncertainty, and identifies professional and institutional capacity building needs. Given the significant uncertainties and weak institutional capacity in the countries of the Region, the report recommends the precautionary approach to DSM, which among others includes the option of no development if the risks are found to be larger than the benefits. It also recommends that regional regulatory collaboration takes place in a way that is respectful of sovereignty considerations
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  • 131
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The 10th economic update comes at an important juncture for Rwanda. The country has entered the third decade of uninterrupted economic growth and social progress. Rwanda's global income ranking improved from the seventh poorest in 2000 to the 20th in 2015, on the back of Rwanda's strong commitment to good governance, the principles of market economy and openness. The growth, however, has been slowing down recently and is expected to remain subdued in 2017. Going forward, achieving Rwanda's ambition of attaining middle-income status requires sustaining the average growth rate of the past two decades in the years to come. The vision 2050, and the new EDPRS, currently under preparation will provide the roadmap for adapting the economy to the evolving regional and global context and maintaining a growth rate that delivers poverty reduction and prosperity. In addition to presenting recent macroeconomic developments, this update also discusses the longer-term patterns of productivity and structural transformation and derives some broad lessons for growth strategy. The Rwanda Economic Update (REU) reports on and synthesizes recent economic developments, and places them in a medium term, regional, and global context. It analyses the implications of these developments and policies for the outlook of the economy. These reports attempt to make an analytical contribution to the implementation of Rwanda's national development strategy. Each edition includes a special feature on a selected topic. The report is intended for a wide audience, including policy makers, business leaders, other market participants, the community of analysts engaged in Rwanda's economy, and civil society
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  • 132
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Procurement Study
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The sector of small and medium-sized enterprises (hereinafter SMEs) represent an increasingly important segment of Montenegrin economy and have been key drivers of its economic growth and employment for the past several years. With foreign direct investment, this sector could be an important lever of economic development and the main creator of new jobs in the future. In order to survive and develop in the market, these enterprises have to constantly build new competitive benefits. The same can be built within the enterprises themselves through their strengthening and development, but also through mutual cooperation and linking. Because SMEs have an important role in the economic development of each country, it is necessary to encourage and facilitate their participation in public procurement procedures. Taking into account the fact that procurements merge at all levels (national and local), special attention should be paid to get SMEs more closely involved in the procurement procedures with contracting authorities, subject to the application of the LPP. Montenegro has recognized in its agenda through the strategy for the development of the public procurement system for the period 2016-2020 the necessity of active relationship between the state and local self-government on the development and encouragement of SMEs. Based on research carried out in direct communication with the representatives of these entities and their associations, with the aim to assess the readiness of SMEs to adapt to future activities in the field of public procurement, it is evident that they are planning new investments and expansion of business. They are ready to invest in human resources, technical, technological and other facilities necessary for successful business, in order to be competitive in the market. To that end, they expect more support from the state of Montenegro and the local community. In accordance with the orientation and expectations of SMEs this guide is intended to encourage the participation of SMEs at all levels in the area of public procurement
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  • 133
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Agricultural Study
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: Afghanistan possesses a rich horticultural history, with a number of unique products, such as dried fruit, that are still renowned in various parts of the world. The period of conflict that has plagued Afghanistan for the past 40 years has, however, severely disrupted supply chains and markets for horticultural products and, in particular, hindered the ability of traders and producers to export products to high-value markets. The following sections provide an overview of the horticultural sector in Afghanistan and its various components. Section 1.1 describes the history and economic importance of horticulture in Afghanistan; section 1.2 describes the endowments and infrastructure that support the production and trade of horticultural crops in Afghanistan; section 1.3 presents an overview of the nature of horticultural inputs in Afghanistan and details methods for producing horticultural crops; section 1.4 describes the structure of post-harvest activities; section 1.5 reviews the processing and marketing of horticultural products in Afghanistan; section 1.6 presents and overview of the recent performance of the horticulture sector in Afghanistan; and section 1.7 describes recent and current policies and programs focusing on the horticulture sector in Afghanistan. The report is organized as follows: chapter one summarizes the recent literature on the horticulture sector; chapter two presents the results of the Survey undertaken for this report; and chapter three lists recommendations and next steps
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  • 134
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The Sri Lanka Development Update has two main aims. First, it reports on the key developments over the past six months in Sri Lanka's economy, and places these in a longer term and global context. Based on these developments, and on policy changes over the period, it updates the outlook for Sri Lanka's economy and social welfare. Second, the Update provides a more in-depth examination of selected economic and policy issues, and analysis of medium-term development challenges. It is intended for a wide audience, including policymakers, business leaders, financial market participants, and the community of analysts and professionals engaged in Sri Lanka's evolving economy
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  • 135
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Water Papers
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: Globally, more than a billion people, approximately 15 percent of the world's population, or one in seven persons, have disabilities. Of those, 80 percent live in developing countries. This number is expected to increase as the prevalence of disability is impacted by disease, war and conflict, natural disasters, and road traffic injuries, among other factors. In addition, persons over the age of 60 comprise 12 percent of the world's population; that proportion is set to rise over 20 percent by 2050. There is a strong correlation between aging and the onset of disability. Persons with disabilities make up a sizable portion of the 2.4 billion people who still lack access to sanitation, and the 663 million who lack access to safe drinking water. Although there are inadequate data to assess the exact number of persons with disabilities who face water scarcity and lack of access, there is evidence that points to the relative marginalization and invisibility of this population in water sector development programs. A 2011-12 survey of 16 Area Development Programs run by World Vision in Ethiopia showed that 96.6 percent of people with disabilities and the elderly faced difficulties in accessing basic water facilities. The note collates recommended strategies and practices in disability-inclusive development programming. It identifies entry points for disability-inclusive water operations in World Bank Group-supported programs, projects and advisory services, and analytics. Case studies, including World Bank Group and external examples, are provided to highlight the use of recommended practices. In addition, the annexes list several technical assistance resources to support task teams and clients in ensuring that infrastructure and services are inclusive of persons with disabilities
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  • 136
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other papers
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: A strong legal framework that forms the basis for the activities of debt managers is crucial for enabling an effective public debt management function. This paper aims to complement discussions on the legal foundations of debt management by detecting and discussing essential elements that allow the government to issue sukuk, the equivalent of bonds, in Islamic finance. Drawing on the cases of recent sovereign issuers, these discussions begin with outlining the clear provision of a mandate to issue and to employ certain public assets in the execution of underlying transactions, as well to establish, engage with, and administer Special Purpose Vehicles used in structuring these issuances. Additional aspects that need to be addressed are the treatment of proceeds and the assurance of investors with regards to debt service. The enabling environment should be complemented by changes in the taxation regime and financial market regulations that facilitate the issuances
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  • 137
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Poverty Study
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: Reducing poverty and inequality continues to be an important national priority in Namibia. Vision 2030 - the country's guiding development strategy - has a subordinate vision that points to several goals: "Poverty is reduced to the minimum, the existing pattern of income-distribution is equitable and disparity is at the minimum." Vision 2030 is being implemented via a series of five-year National Development Plans, with the current National Development Plan IV (NDP4) covering 2012 through to 2017. NDP4 sets specific numerical targets. One is reducing the incidence of extreme poverty to less than 10 percent of individuals by the end of FY2016/17, measured at the national lower bound poverty line of N
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  • 138
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: India has among the lowest female labor force participation rates (LFPRs) in the world. In particular, low female LFPR is a drag on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth and an obstacle towards reaching a higher growth path. Women are also an untapped source of managerial and entrepreneurial skills. By excluding women, the pool of such talent becomes shallower and growth suffers. If the overall lack of jobs, especially regular salaried jobs, plays a large role in India's female LFPR, only a combination of gender-targeted and broader policies towards formal job creation can sustainably raise female LFPR and accelerate India's GDP growth and broader social development. Policies that promote job creation in women-friendly sectors such as apparel, or that help fast-growing modern service sectors absorb more educated women workers would be particularly helpful
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  • 139
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The Afghanistan Development Update, which is published twice a year, provides a comprehensive report of the state of the Afghan economy. It covers recent economic developments and outlines the medium-term outlook for Afghanistan. Afghanistan. Each edition includes a section that provides in-depth analysis on one or more specific focus topics. The lack of high-frequency data in Afghanistan makes it difficult to track economic activities on a monthly or quarterly basis. Thus, proxy indicators are utilized when their quality is deemed satisfactory. Efforts are made to ensure that key analysis and forecasts are based primarily on reliable sets of data. The Afghanistan Development Update is intended for a wide audience, including policy makers, the donor community, the private sector, the community of analysts and professionals engaged in monitoring the economy and Afghanistan's citizens at large. In this issue of the Update, the Focus Section discusses how economic stimulus can be provided in Afghanistan's resource-constrained environment. In the context of the economic slowdown, Afghanistan faces the difficult dilemma of balancing measures to stimulate the economy while at the same time avoiding a further weakening of its fiscal position. The fiscal space is already extremely limited, with no room to increase public expenditure or to lower taxes. Thus, the Government must implement initiatives to maximize the growth impact of fiscal expenditure. First, policies to encourage government spending on non-tradable goods from local suppliers will ensure that demand taps domestic production, rather than imports. Second, policies to improve absorptive capacity will increase the quality, speed of execution and value for money of public investments. Third, policies to promote contestable markets in banking and construction will stimulate the entry of small and medium-sized firms in both sectors. Fourth, polices to increase fiscal space should include measures to improve revenue mobilization and to use existing resources more effectively, which will release additional resources
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  • 140
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The Seychelles Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) aims to identify the most pressing constraints to inclusive, sustained growth in Seychelles, based on a comprehensive search for, and analysis of, evidence. The SCD is presented using a slide deck which lays out the analysis and results. This document provides a brief overview of the approach taken, and sets the stage for the SCD. It also provides additional information: six selected supplementary topical notes, and annexes (data diagnostic, summary of consultations, and sources). The framework adopted by the SCD takes as its starting point that Seychelles is a successful, high-income, small island state. The country now seeks to secure the sustainability of its development progress to date, to accelerate this progress, and to address a high level of public concern being reflected in political discourse over disparities in incomes and opportunities. The SCD examines Seychelles' economic growth characteristics, the characteristics of poverty and income distribution (inclusion), and the risks to environmental, social and macroeconomic sustainability. The approach is systematic in that it attempts to be as comprehensive as possible, within the constraints of the available data, by harnessing the existing evidence and conducting new analysis where feasible, informed by consultations. Finally, the SCD sorts the 13 constraints identified into five top priorities, five additional priorities, and a further three areas which should be considered for priority action, subject to confirmation from additional analysis ('likely priorities'). This prioritization was based on an assessment of how important each constraint was, directly, to meeting the relevant challenge, indirectly, through its potential impact in helping to loosen other constraints (complementarity), the strength of the evidence base on the importance of the constraint, and, finally, the attainability of addressing the constraint (reflecting factors such as cost, technical difficulty and timeframe)
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  • 141
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Institutional and Governance Review
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: Palestinian local governments represent a key pillar of the future Palestinian state. Predating the Palestinian Authority, many have long and proud histories, including some of the oldest inhabited cities in the world. With increasing political and geographical fragmentation over the last two decades, Local Government Units (LGUs) have become of paramount importance regarding the provision of services to the local population, particularly in areas where the relatively young central government is politically, geographically, and fiscally constrained. Some existing LGUs were created as early as the second half of the 19th century, and over the decades, they have performed under the complexities of disparate political and legal regimes. As the lowest level of governance, Palestinian local authorities fulfill a critical role, not only as a key public service provider but also as the government tier closest to citizens, with elected councils critical for representation and accountability to citizens. The most recent local elections were on May 13, 3017, and in October 2012, only in the West Bank; following the most recent local elections in both the West Bank and Gaza in 2006. Strengthening LGUs and enabling them to perform as fully functional local governments accountable to citizens are key priorities for the Palestinian Authority
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  • 142
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: Zimbabwe's economy grew by 0.7 percent in 2016 despite the combined effect of the El Nino drought and domestic financial turmoil. The drought reduced agricultural output and increased food prices towards the end of the year, despite the government's efforts to boost production and stabilize prices. The public provision of agricultural inputs, the creation of food-for-work programs, and the establishment of price supports for staple foods accentuated the government's expansionary fiscal-policy stance. Meanwhile, the government also increased spending on a cash basis to clear domestic arrears. The authorities financed much of the widening fiscal deficit by issuing Treasury bills purchased by commercial banks and a US
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  • 143
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: Three key characteristics help shed light on Chile's development performance. First, strong institutions and sound macroeconomic policies have contributed to long-term economic growth. Second, market-oriented policies have boosted growth through productivity-enhancing reforms and helped improve the design of public services and social policy. Third, as the world's biggest copper producer and exporter, Chile is characterized by commodity dependence. These characteristics have helped the government achieve an average annual growth rate of almost 5 percent over the last 30 years, while reducing the poverty rate to less than 8 percent. Chile's middle class is one of the largest in Latin America; yet, inequality remains substantial. Economic development has led to a steep increase in life expectancy and a decline in fertility rates. Indeed, though relatively less than other countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Chile is advanced in the demographic transition, which pose important challenges to economic growth and labor productivity
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  • 144
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: Thirty years after the launch of the economic reforms known as Doi Moi, Vietnam is considered a development success story-marked by remarkable poverty reduction and economic growth. Notwithstanding notable achievements, development challenges persist. The last World Bank Group (WBG) country strategy for Vietnam, the FY12-16 Country Partnership Strategy (CPS), was presented to the WBG Board of Directors on December 15, 2011.The Vietnam Country Partnership Framework (CPF) covers the period FY18-22. It has been prepared based on analysis and conclusions in Vietnam 2035: Toward Prosperity, Creativity, Equity, and Democracy (Vietnam 2035)1 and in the 2016 Vietnam Systematic CountryDiagnostic (SCD), and informed by the CPS Completion and Learning Review (CLR) and the 2016 Client Survey. The CPF is fully aligned with the Government of Vietnam's (GoV) 2010-20 Socio-Economic Development Strategy (SEDS) and the recent 2016-20 Socio-Economic Development Plan (SEDP). The CPF responds to priorities for support expressed by the government and builds on the WBG's comparative advantage.The CPF is prepared at a critical juncture in Vietnam's development and at a time of transition. FY18 represents a new period in GoV-WBG relations as Vietnam graduates from the International Development Association (IDA) at end-FY17. Moreover, success raises expectations-Vietnam has high ambitions for further development and growth, aspiring to modernity, industrialization, and a better quality of life.The CPS has three pillars: (i) strengthen Vietnam's competitiveness in the regional and global economy; (ii) increase sustainability of the country's development; and (iii) broaden access to economic and social opportunity, supported by three cross-cutting themes: (a) strengthen governance, (b) promote gender equality, and (c) improve resilience related to external economic and climatic shocks
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  • 145
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The region's growth outlook for 2017-19 remains broadly positive. China's growth moderation and rebalancing are expected to continue. In the region's other large developing economies, growth is projected to pick up slightly. Poverty has continued to decline in most countries and is projected to fall further. Global and regional vulnerabilities place a premium on macroeconomic prudence. Mobilizing additional revenues will create space for measures to support growth and foster inclusion. Some smaller commodity-exporting economies need to focus on lowering threats to fiscal solvency. Much of the region may need to adjust accommodative monetary policies. In China, reforms of the corporate sector, including restructuring of SOEs, and measures to bring credit growth under control are critical to reducing vulnerabilities. Elsewhere in the region, improvements in financial supervision and prudential regulation will be required. Developing EAP economies could benefit significantly from improving the quality of public spending, deepening regional integration, and reducing the agricultural sector's increasingly adverse environmental footprint
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  • 146
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other papers
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: Large-scale natural disasters are a frequent and common occurrence in Japan. Over the years, Japan has evolved its disaster management system to address all phases of a disaster: from disaster prevention, mitigation, and preparedness, to emergency response, recovery, and rehabilitation. This report consists of four parts: Introduction (Chapter 1, 2, 3), Simulation drills (Chapter 4, 5, 6, 7), Community based activities for disaster awareness and risk communication (Chapter 8, 9), and Conclusion (Chapter 10). The introduction (Chapter 1) starts with an overview of the institutional and legislative frameworks for Disaster Management in Japan (Chapter 2), followed by an overview of disaster simulation drills in Japan, particularly focusing on the Comprehensive Disaster Management Drill Framework, which is an overarching framework for both national and local governments (Chapter 3). The following four chapters present examples of simulation drills organized at the national and regional level, including the National Scope (Chapter 4), and overviews of three prefectures: Hyogo (Chapter 5), Shizuoka (Chapter 6) and Tokyo (Chapter 7). The next part of the report introduces a number of community level activities aimed at increasing residents' disaster awareness and preparedness. These activities are led by various actors, including: a school, an NGO or CSO, and a learning center (Chapter 8). Risk communication activities in Kobe city are introduced (Chapter 9). Finally, the conclusion (Chapter 10) outlines common challenges and offers tips for the planning and implementation of disaster drills in addition to other disaster awareness or preparedness activities. This report was developed to introduce Japanese disaster simulation drills as a model to help other countries plan and implement disaster simulation drill exercises
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  • 147
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: State and Trends of Carbon Pricing
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The report is a one stop shop for learning about key developments and prospects of existing and emerging carbon initiatives. There is a continued momentum for carbon pricing. As of 2017, over 40 national and 25 subnational jurisdictions representing almost a quarter of global greenhouse gas emissions are putting a price on carbon. Over the past decade the number of jurisdictions with carbon pricing initiatives have doubled. On average, carbon pricing initiatives cover about half of the emissions in these jurisdictions, which translates to a total coverage of about 8 Gigatons of carbon dioxide or about 15% of global emissions (a fourfold increase over the past decade)
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  • 148
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The Bangladesh economy is weathering persistent global uncertainties relatively well. Poverty reduction is expected to have continued. Growth remained resilient, aided recently by recovery in exports and private investments. Inflation has decelerated benefitting from soft international commodity prices and prudent macroeconomic management. The outlook for Bangladesh's main export destinations is projected to improve, although downside risks remain elevated. More recently, falling export growth and decline in remittances are emerging near term concerns. According to our model, increased capital accumulation can contribute significantly to boosting growth, but alone cannot deliver a sustainable and accelerated growth path. More is needed, including closing the inter-sectoral productivity gap through increased resource mobility, easing the constraints on firm level productivity and increasing female labor force participation in the formal sectors. In addition, poor infrastructure, inadequate energy supply, and inefficient financial intermediation combined with high cost of doing business remain the key obstacles hindering the realization of Bangladesh's vast economic potential
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  • 149
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other papers
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The objective of this paper is to develop an approach for integrating a gender dimension into Agricultural Sector Risk Assessments (ASRAs). The focus is on the approach because both agricultural risk and gender issues are contextual, thus the outcomes of a gender-based risk assessment are highly dependent on the social, cultural, geo-graphic, and economic contexts of the setting in which the assessment is applied. The organization of the paper reflects the challenges of incorporating a gender dimension into ASRAs. The conceptual framework and step-by-step illustrations presented herein are based on lessons learned by the World Bank and other institutions in assisting developing economies in conducting sector and key commodity supply chain risk assessments (World Bank 2015a). The paper also relies on recent work by international institutions and academic research that offer insights into the complexities of gender issues in relation to agricultural shocks. These experiences inform this paper's case for a gender-based approach to Agriculture Risk Management (ARM) and help to illustrate a practical, stepwise approach for conducting gender-based ASRAs. This paper is arranged as follows: Chapter 2 offers a summary of the conceptual framework for risk management, including addressing why a gendered approach to ASRAs is essential; Chapter 3 shows the available evidence that agricultural risk has a gender-differentiated impact on farming households and that farming households adopt a gender-differentiated response to risk; Chapter 4 describes a step-by-step operational approach for doing so, and includes guidance for formulating gender-smart policies and strategies for strengthening agricultural systems' resilience; and Chapter 5 presents a summary of findings and concluding remarks
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  • 150
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other papers
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The World Bank supported West Bengal Accelerated Development of Minor Irrigation Project assumes a centre stage position in the current context of bringing water to every farm (Har Khet ko Pani) under the recently launched Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMSKY). With an objective to "enhance agricultural production of small and marginal farmers of the project area in West Bengal through development of minor irrigation infrastructure and agriculture support system", the Project was launched in 2012, partnering the Department of Water Resources Investigation and Development, Government of West Bengal. To achieve its outcomes, the Project focuses on strengthening community-based organizations, especially water users' association with a strong focus on gender aspects, irrigation systems development and improvement, agriculture, horticulture and fisheries development
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  • 151
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The Philippine economy remained resilient to global headwinds in 2016. While a slower-than-expected global recovery weakened net exports, surging domestic demands pushed the annual GDP growth rate to 6.8 percent, year-on-year. Investment drove economy-wide growth for the first time since 2013, as the government's expansionary fiscal-policy stance helped capital formation to expand by 20.8 percent year-on-year led by the construction sector. Consumption growth remained strong at a rate of 6.9 percent year-on-year, as accommodative monetary policies kept interest rates low, supporting a double-digit expansion in consumer lending. Meanwhile, low inflation at 1.8 percent boosted households' purchasing power, while a steady increase in remittance inflows accelerated the growth of household consumption. Overall, 2016 saw a marked rise in consumer confidence, reflecting a healthy job market and effective social protection programs
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  • 152
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Law and Justice Study
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: It is acknowledged that conflict over land is a major source of violence in various parts of Mindanao, particularly the prosed Bangsamoro region. Historical accounts trace the root cause of land issues and identity-based conflict to the introduction of the Regalian doctrine of land ownership by Spanish colonizers. During the American colonial regime at the turn of the 20th century, dispossession of land held by the original inhabitants of Mindanao accelerated, with an emphasis of titling lands for private ownership that clashed with the tradition of ancestral domain. This was further exacerbated by migration instigated by the central government, starting with the development of "agricultural colonies: in the early 1900s to 1940s, to the passage of a series of land reform laws from the 1960s until the end of the 1980s to encourage individual land titling as a strategy for agricultural development. These evens radically altered land ownership patterns in Mindanao, as communal ownership of land by its original inhabitants gave way to individual titles in the possession of settlers from Luzon and the Visayas
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  • 153
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Financial Sector Study
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: While current legislation in Serbia covers some fiscal risks and some aspects of how to manage them, important gaps remain in the country's fiscal risk management framework. Based on discussions at a workshop on fiscal risk management held in Serbia in March 2016, stakeholders from across the government have agreed on the need to establish a Fiscal Risk Management Department (FRMD) within the Ministry of Finance. The stated objective of the new department would be to strengthen fiscal risk management and coordination across the government. Specifically, the responsibilities of the department would include (i) ensuring that fiscal risks are properly identified, quantified, monitored, mitigated, and disclosed, and collecting all available information and analysis relevant for fiscal risk management; (ii) providing advice to the minister of finance on issues of fiscal risk and recommending actions to mitigate risks; and (iii) coordinating all government entities that are involved in or relevant for fiscal risk management
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  • 154
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Education Study
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: Sustaining in recent years expenditure on early childhood education (ECE) at over a fifth of its education budget, Mongolia is a relatively high spender on pre-primary education. This report examines structural and process aspects of quality in Mongolian kindergartens, along with early development outcomes among children enrolled in these kindergartens, to assess the effectiveness and equity of the country's public investments in ECE. The analysis shows that while the last decade saw tremendous progress in improving access to preschool overall, the most disadvantaged and vulnerable are still excluded from the system. Further, an assessment of child development outcomes shows that even after significant exposure to formal preschool services in the public sector, socioeconomic gaps in outcomes remain large. At the same time, potential areas where relatively low-cost investments could reap significant gains remain unexploited. Key among these is use of home- or community-based ECE interventions that could improve school preparedness among children in rural areas not enrolled in preschools. Another is the potential for an expanded role for the private sector in urban areas
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  • 155
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Country Gender Assessment
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: Despite economic progress over the last decade, disparities between women and men remain salient in Armenia, especially in dimensions that are powerfully influenced by social norms. In domains like education and health, gender equality in outcomes in Armenia are broadly comparable with those in Europe and Central Asia and better than those of lower-middle-income countries globally. However, barriers to women's access to economic opportunities persist and gender inequalities are manifest in demographic imbalances, and under-representation in leadership roles. Concerted policy efforts are required to close gender gaps that hamper growth of the overall economy
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  • 156
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Water Papers
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: This analysis looks specifically at the need to ensure continued development of water resources within Lesotho and aims to empower stakeholders to act with more confidence by demonstrating that the implementation strategies can provide benefits to water resources management over a broad range of possible future scenarios. The analysis quantifies a range of possible future conditions to demonstrate the benefits that can be realized over a broad range of possible future outcomes. This quantification is based on a water resource decision support model developed specifically for Lesotho, using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model which couples climate, hydrologic, and water management systems to facilitate an evaluation of the uncertainties and strategies of impacts on specified management metrics. The WEAP model was used to simulate the historic climate based on data from the national government archives and global datasets available in the public domain. These included 121 downscaled Global Climate Model (GCM) projections of future climate over two possible water demand future scenarios, for a total of 244 scenarios up to the year 2050. The analysis concludes the following: (a)Climate change has important determinants for the future, long-term sustainable macroeconomic development of Lesotho: (b)Domestic and industrial water security is highly vulnerable under historical and current climate conditions, as well as under the full range of climate future scenarios; (c) Agriculture production will remain vulnerable to inter-annual variability over the coming decades, particularly with continued reliance on rain fed agriculture; and (d) The Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP) will continue to reliably meet transfers to South Africa over the coming decades unless climate conditions are about 5 percent drier or more than the historical record
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  • 157
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The negative GDP growth r ...
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  • 158
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: A joint International Monetary Fund (IMF)-World Bank mission visited Rabat and Casablanca in 2015, to assess the soundness and resilience of the banking system, the state of play in financial inclusion and infrastructure, the oversight frameworks for banking, capital markets and financial market infrastructures, crisis preparedness, and update the findings of the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) conducted in 2007. This report summarizes the main findings of the mission, identifies key financial sector vulnerabilities, and provides policy recommendations. This report should be read in conjunction with the Financial Sector Stability Assessment of the IMF available at https://www.imf.org/external/country/mar/index.htm
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  • 159
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Schlagwort(e): 2017 ; Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Indonesien
    Kurzfassung: This Indonesia Economic Quarterly (IEQ) reports on the key developments over the past three months in Indonesia's economy as on January 2017. The return of global policy uncertainty and financial market volatility represent risks to Indonesia's growth outlook. However, Indonesia's recent economic performance and policy reforms can help weather these risks. Gross domestic product (GDP) growth eased in third quarter as government consumption fell. The current account deficit narrowed and direct investment was strong in third quarter. Domestic financial conditions remain robust despite recent global headwinds. Fiscal policy credibility was enhanced through expenditure cuts in 2016 and more realistic revenue targets in the approved 2017 Budget. Baseline projections for real GDP growth remain at 5.1 percent for 2016 and 5.3 percent in 2017. Improving the quality of public spending is critical for Indonesia to achieve its development goals in the short to medium term. Student-centered teaching practices result in better student learning outcomes
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  • 160
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Social Analysis
    Kurzfassung: The objective of this paper is to develop a way to monitor and track progress on social inclusion of vulnerable groups in Hungary, particularly among marginalized Roma communities. This approach will enable stakeholders to track the status of social inclusion at the sub regional level, and can serve as a feedback mechanism on whether projects cosponsored by the European structural and investment funds (ESIF) are sufficiently targeted to disadvantaged areas. The paper builds on various Hungarian attempts to draft indicator sets to find and subsequently gear European Union (EU) - funded projects toward areas with the poorest social inclusion outcomes. This report takes stock of different exercises undertaken with Hungarian data to map, target, track, and monitor some aspects of social exclusion at different levels of disaggregation. The authors present four such attempts to: (i) map marginalized communities; (ii) target the most disadvantaged micro regions; (iii) track selected social inclusion goals; and (iv) model at risk of poverty (AROP) rates at the micro regional level. The report examines what has been done in international practice in terms of selecting and collecting indicators that measure social inclusion. The report describes the method and process of indicator selection for Hungary. The concluding section summarizes the dilemmas associated with dynamically measuring social change in the Hungarian context, and presents development project parameters that should be continuously followed in order to enable tracking and (limited) monitoring
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  • 161
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Other Public Sector Study
    Kurzfassung: Since the Constitution (2005) provided for decentralizing powers and functions for the Governorates, the government of Iraq has enacted several legal, policy, and institutional reform initiatives, the intent of which is to shift political and administrative powers and responsibilities from the Central Government to the Governorates. The legal and policy framework for decentralization is yet to be followed through with efficient implementation. The Government of Iraq and the World Bank will like to assess the current status of decentralization and its implications for improving service delivery at the Governorate level. The objective of the assessment is to take stock of the current state of decentralization in Iraq with a view to identifying factors that contribute to weak service delivery performance at the governorate level. The assessment will also make recommendations for policy and process reforms that are deemed necessary to moving forward the decentralization process, thereby helping to improve service delivery performance by the Governorates. The assessment was carried out through a combination of desk reviews and field level consultations. This assessment provides a snapshot of the current status of the decentralization process. It identifies policy and process reform measures that are necessary to strengthen service delivery by the 15 Governorates of Iraq. Strengthening local accountability should be the key to strengthening the service delivery performance of the Governorates
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  • 162
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Other Rural Study
    Kurzfassung: This synthesis report documents the implementation process, results and lessons learned under a three-year Technical Assistance (TA) program undertaken by the Water and Sanitation Program of the World Bank's Water Global Practice (WSP) in Cambodia between May 2013 and June 2016. It also presents recommendations for the government on key steps to accelerate service delivery at scale for Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (RWSSH) and for the World Bank to strategically engage in the sector. For comprehensiveness, annexes are attached that include key supporting documentation, and resources and deliverables developed under this TA are also provided in the resource pack (the resource pack is linked to Box folder which is available upon request)
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  • 163
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Other Public Sector Study
    Kurzfassung: Ethiopia is a highly decentralized country. Presently, sub-national government taxes and revenues account for about 28 percent of general taxes and revenues, and sub-national expenditures amount to 51 percent of general government expenditures. The ensuing vertical mismatch is bridged by grants from the Federal government to the regions. Presently, these grants account for 57 percent of sub-national expenditures1. For many years, these grants consisted mostly of a block grant (the Federal General Purpose Grant) given without any strings attached, which means the regions could use it as they wished. The rest of the report is organized as follows. Section two provides the policy context that is the information, data, evolutions, et cetera specific to Ethiopia, which are necessary to understand and interpret the MDGs grant policy. Section three present and discusses the policy content that is the components of the policy previously identified. Section four is a policy assessment, which utilizes the evaluation framework proposed above to analyze the relationships between the various components of the policy, and discuss its efficiency, its effectiveness and its success. Section five is a conclusion that summarizes the analysis, and attempts, prudently and modestly, to outline some potential avenues for future action
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  • 164
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Country Environmental Analysis
    Kurzfassung: The objective of the Country Environmental Analysis (CEA) is to assess the adequacy and performance of the policy, legal, and institutional framework for environmental management in Ukraine, in light of the decentralization process of environmental governance and wider reform objectives, and to provide recommendations to government to address the key gaps identified. Ukraine is the second largest country in Europe and has a population of 43 million, the majority of whom live in urban areas. It is a lower middle income country, with the services, industry and agriculture sectors being main contributors to the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Ukraine faces a number of environmental challenges, as identified in its National Environmental Strategy 2020 (NES). Key among these are: air pollution; quality of water resources and land degradation; solid waste management; biodiversity loss; human health issues associated with environmental risk factors; in addition to climate change. The scope of Ukrainian environmental legislation is quite broad and comprehensive (more than 300 legal acts) and covers most areas of environmental protection and natural resources management. However, the environmental legislation faces a number of weaknesses:The environmental legislation is largely declaratory in nature and does not have all the essential enforcement mechanisms for the implementation of legal acts and international agreements; Many of the acts are not coordinated with each other; and Legislation undergoes limited analysis of its impact-for example, no in-depth analysis such as Regulatory Impact Analysis is conducted for proposed pieces of legislation
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  • 165
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Kurzfassung: The Government of Jordan, the World Bank Group (WBG), and the international community are working towards a paradigm shift in their collective response to the refugee crisis - a holistic approach which stresses the continuum between the humanitarian response and the country's development agenda. In parallel, Jordan's implicit social contract by which the state provided citizens with jobs and heavily subsidized public services is evolving. strategic engagement, the WBG will adopt a two-pronged approach aimed at simultaneously addressing Jordan's immediate needs in view of the fluid and worsening regional situation while keeping a medium and long-term development commitment built on reforming the economy to create the right environment for inclusive, job-creating growth. The first pillar of the Country Partnership Framework (CPF) aims to foster the conditions for stronger private-sector-led growth and better employment opportunities for all.The second pillar of the CPF aims to improve the quality and equity of service delivery, including through private sector solutions.The CPF will implement the new Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Strategy at the country level.The CPF aligns with the Government's vision Jordan 2025, the Executive Development Plan 2016-2018 (EDP), and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).The CPF's principles of engagement will be selectivity, flexibility, adaptability and partnership. The outlook for 2016 forecasts growth at three percent on account of a growing mining and quarrying sector, some energy investments, and base effect of the tourism and construction sectors, although some downside risks have begun to materialize in early 2016
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  • 166
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Kurzfassung: At the request of the Colombian authorities, the bank resolution regime was assessed against the Key Attributes of Effective Resolution Regimes for Financial Institutions (KAs). The assessment was conducted by staff of the Financial Stability Board (FSB), International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank utilizing the draft KA Assessment Methodology (AM). The assessment reviewed the resolution regime as of October 2015, and was limited to the banking sector, considering only those elements of the AM that directly relate to bank resolution without assessing those addressing the resolution of insurance firms, investment firms and financial market infrastructures (FMIs). As a draft methodology was used, the findings of the assessment should be viewed as preliminary. A central goal of this assessment was to test the draft AM, and a future revision of the AM might yield different results with respect to the adherence of the Colombian bank resolution regime to the KAs. In this light, no ratings were assigned in this review. This assessment was the first one undertaken in a country that is not a member of the FSB, or home to a Global Systemically Important Financial Institution (G-SIFI)
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  • 167
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Kurzfassung: The Philippine Economic Update (PEU) provides an update on key economic and social developments, as well as policies over the past six months. It also presents findings from recent World Bank studies on the Philippines. It places them in a longer term and global context, and assesses the implications of these developments and policies on the outlook for the Philippines. Its coverage ranges from the macro-economy and financial markets to indicators of human welfare and development. It is intended for a wide audience, including policymakers, business leaders, financial market participants, and the community of analysts and professionals engaged in the Philippines. Poverty reduction is expected to continue if the country is able to maintain the relatively high economic growth and the more positive job trends in recent years, despite recent shocks to agriculture. Recent trends show an improvement in the country's growth-poverty elasticity, which means growth is becoming more inclusive. However, the recent increase in the underemployment rate and weak agricultural output in 2016 will need to be countered by sustained increase in per capita income growth and a continued focus on supporting the structurally poor through effective social protection programs. Under these assumptions, extreme poverty is projected to further decrease from nine percent in 2014 to 6.8 percent in 2018
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  • 168
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Other Urban Study
    Kurzfassung: The Malawi Urbanization Review aims to provide fresh perspectives on urbanization in Malawi, by analyzing the current and potential contribution of urbanization to long-term national development and the current institutional and financial capacity of local governments to manage the process. Analyses presented in this report are particularly timely as Malawi is planning for the coming half decade through the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy (MGDS) III (2016-2020). Malawi is urbanizing at a moderate rate and has a good chance of proactively managing the urbanization process. Opportunities may arise from a positive structural change that Malawi's economy is undergoing, whereby the driver of growth and job creation moves from agriculture to non-agricultural sectors. Faster urbanization, with strong linkages with rural areas, can contribute further to deepening such structural change. To unlock the potential of urbanization as a catalyst for long-term economic development, it is necessary to strengthen the capacity of urban local governments to generate revenues and meet the key infrastructure and service needs in urban areas, which remain challenging even at the current rate of urbanization
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  • 169
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Kurzfassung: The withdrawal of international security forces since 2014 and continuing political uncertainties have resulted in a significant deceleration to economic growth, with fiscal pressures increasing as security threats mount. However, to a significant extent, Afghanistan has successfully managed the immediate challenges resulting from the transition. It has maintained macroeconomic stability and established the conditions for a slow recovery of the economy. Risks to the economy remain significant, and it is vital that the Government identify new sources of growth to replace the declining donor inflows over the longer-term. The medium-term outlook points towards a slow recovery over the next three years. The rate of growth is projected to reach 1.9 percent in 2016, assuming adjustments in firms and households' behavior in the context of the deteriorating security environment. Growth is projected to gradually increase from 1.9 percent in 2016 to 3.6 percent in 2018, if the political situation stabilizes and planned reforms are successfully implemented. On the other hand, any deterioration in the security environment could weaken growth prospects, with this risk being the most significant faced by the country
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  • 170
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Other papers
    Kurzfassung: In 2015, Indonesia stands as an increasingly divided country, unequal in many ways. There is a growing income divide between the richest 10 percent and the rest of the population, and this gap is driven by many other types of inequality in Indonesia.People are divided into haves and have-nots from before birth. Some children are born healthy and grow up well in their early years; many do not. Some children go to school and receive a quality education; many do not. In today's modern and dynamic economy; most do not and are trapped in low-productivity and low-wage jobs. Some families have access to formal safety nets that can protect them from the many shocks that occur in life; many do not. And a fortunate few Indonesians have access to financial and physical assets (such as land and property) that increase their wealth over time. This wealth is passed down from generation to generation, both in the form of money and physical assets, and through greater access to better health and education. As a result, inequalities are being compounded and deepened over time. This report asks why inequality is increasing, why it matters, and what can be done. The first section examines the trend in inequality, which is already relatively high in Indonesia and rising more rapidly than in many neighboring countries. The second section seeks to understand what is driving rising inequality in Indonesia. The final section looks at what can be done to prevent the country from becoming even more divided. This section suggests ways to avoid an Indonesia in which relatively few people are healthy, happy and prosperous, and many more can only aspire to a better life but are unable to attain it
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  • 171
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Social Analysis
    Kurzfassung: The World Bank has prepared three reports in the framework of the promoting inclusive growth in Hungary reimbursable advisory service activity, with a view to provide clear step-by-step guidance for addressing complex social inclusion challenges by leveraging European Union (EU) funds. The reports examine three dimensions of social inclusion in Hungary: measuring inclusive growth for enhanced development impact focuses on methods for monitoring development outcomes and better targeting of social investments. Enabling inclusive growth in Hungary discusses how national-level planning can better support local planning and implementation. The people behind the numbers, a handbook for the implementation of local equal opportunity programs in Hungary, offers practical guidance and instruments to empower local stakeholders to shape the local social inclusion landscape more actively and effectively as part of local equal opportunity programs
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  • 172
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Other Social Protection Study
    Kurzfassung: This report is the result of extensive analytical work on social protection in Chad. During 2014 and 2015, the World Bank's Social Protection and Labor (SPL) Global Practice undertook extensive analytical work in Chad to assess the country's poverty and vulnerability profile, and the characteristics of its social safety nets system. This report, Republic of Chad - Shaping Adaptive Safety Nets to Address Vulnerability, is the result of such work and was prepared in the context of the renewed relationship between the Government of Chad and the World Bank. Such partnership includes the reengagement of the World Bank on the SPL agenda, and programming of World Bank support to Chad as part of the Systematic Country Diagnostic and the Country Partnership Framework
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  • 173
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Kurzfassung: This report consists of two parts: Part 1 presents a review of recent economic developments and a macroeconomic outlook. Part 2 focuses in greater depth on a special, selected topic relevant to Malawi's development prospects. This report focuses on agricultural risk management. Malawi is now set to suffer a second year of poor harvests due to the effects of a drought that is sweeping Southern Africa. This drought has had a serious impact both on the economy and on food security, requiring a major humanitarian response. The current situation underscores Malawi's serious need to improve the resilience of the agricultural sector and to develop a better system of risk management. With the country expected to continue to face climate-induced shocks into the future, it is vital that the Government considers how best to mitigate the impact of such shocks. In 2015 Malawi recorded a GDP growth rate of just 2.8 percent, with this low rate the result of both adverse weather conditions and macroeconomic instability. Flooding in southern districts followed by a countrywide drought resulted in a contraction in agricultural production. Maize, the key crop in terms of food security, recorded a 30.2 percent year-on-year drop in production. As a result, an estimated 2.8 million people (17 percent of the population) were unable to meet their 2015/16 food requirements
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  • 174
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Kurzfassung: During 2015, and in the span of six-months, Nepal was hit by two major shocks. The first one was the April 2015 earthquakes that caused a huge loss of life and assets. The second shock has come in the form of a near complete disruption of external trade following the adoption of the new Constitution. Reflecting both the earthquake and trade related disruptions, inflation spiked to over 12 percent (y/ y) by mid-January rising 5 percentage points in just four months from mid-September 2015. This was the highest inflation level since FY2009, with increases in food and non-food prices contributing equally to the spike. As the trade disruptions ended, inflation has eased to back to single digits
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  • 175
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Other papers
    Kurzfassung: The certification program aimed to certify all teachers by 2015. The program was rolled out at a rate of approximately 200,000 teachers each year. This report evaluates the certification program as it was implemented, in terms of its impact on student-learning outcomes. Results of the analysis are sobering: despite its massive fiscal implications, the certification program has not led to substantial improvements in student-learning outcomes so far. The report provides leads into how to gradually transform the system into one that can yield higher returns in educational performance going forward. It emphasizes the importance of a system that rewards useful demonstrated competencies, such as minimum levels of subject-matter knowledge, rather than loose proxies for quality such as bachelor's degrees or seniority alone (which is essentially what the current certification program does). The report also highlights the need for reforms in the pre-service system of teacher training and teacher hiring. Chapter one gives decade on for teacher certification in Indonesia; chapter two presents an empirical review of the teacher certification program in Indonesia; chapter three presents beyond certification: what matters and what doesn't matter for student learning?; and chapter four presents policy options for sizable and lasting changes in education quality
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  • 176
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Other Rural Study
    Kurzfassung: This report concerns two streams of Technical Assistance provided by the World Bank Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) to the Government of Vietnam. They are: strengthening the enabling environment, capacity building systems and evidence-based learning and lesson sharing. Strengthening demand creation and supply chain development together these TAs make up a support program to assist the Government of Vietnam, particularly the Ministry of Health (MOH) in accelerating progress on sanitation under the third National Target Program on Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (NTP3). WSP has supported the government to improve the enabling environment for sanitation service delivery; strengthen rural sanitation supply chains; generate demand for improved sanitation; and inform service delivery models through knowledge and learning. The TAs began in Dec 2012 and are due to end in Jun 2016. This report documents the results and lessons learned from the TA, and makes recommendations for future activities in support of rural sanitation
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  • 177
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Kurzfassung: The Palestinian economy is not growing enough to raise living standards and reduce high unemployment. The economy has witnessed a sharp deceleration in economic growth, from over 8 percent during 2007-11 to 3 percent during 2012-15. The sharp decline in growth has stifled the economy's ability to create jobs for a growing youth population. Successful reform efforts and strong economic growth helped bring the relative size of the Palestinian overall fiscal deficit down from 24.6 percent of GDP in 2008 to 13 percent in 2010. However, despite these efforts at fiscal consolidation, the deficit to GDP ratio has remained stuck in the 10 - 13 percent range since 2010 -- on the back of a large wage bill and weak revenue performance. The economy has long suffered from the restrictions1 and political instability that continue to constrain private sector activity. In addition, the decline in donor funding from 32 percent of GDP in 2008 to 6 percent in 2015 has significantly contributed to the recent economic weakening. The internal divide between the West Bank and Gaza, which has created a dual regulatory framework, has also negatively impacted economic activity and the tax base
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  • 178
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Kurzfassung: With about RUB 988bn (USD 26bn) in gross premium written, in 2014, the Russian insurance industry ranked 27th in the world. Non-life insurance premium accounted for 89 percent of GPW while life insurance for only 11 percent. In 2015, the industry also faced with the consequences of the Western economic sanctions which effectively closed access to the high quality Western reinsurance capacity for the Russian insurers that provide coverage for 1500 large Russian companies which were put on the sanctions list. In the past, the Western reinsurers provided over 80 percent of reinsurance capacity for such risks. In the case of Russia, the main objective of insurance supervision is to ensure that insurers fully comply with core regulatory norms fixed by the law in the following four areas of insurance operations: (a) solvency (capital adequacy); (b) insurance reserves; (c) assets covering own funds; and (d) assets covering reserves. The objective of off-site and onsite supervision is restricted to ensuring compliance of insurers with these four regulatory norms. In this context, the resources of the insurance supervisor are by and large dedicated towards meeting this objective. While the dispersion of insurance supervisory functions among numerous CBR departments with various reporting lines carries certain advantages (such as a reduced potential for the conflict of interest), it also has a potential for major drawbacks. These include the potential for (a) insufficient coordination among different departments, (b) shortage of necessary insurance expertise within departments universally dealing with a wide range of financial services, and (c) impaired ability of the regulator as a whole to systematically detect problems with compliance in such a technically complex industry as insurance at an early stage
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  • 179
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT), the Capital Markets Board and the Banking Regulation and Supervisory Authority (BRSA) are the authorities with responsibility for specific elements of the Turkey National Payments System (NPS). The CBRT, is the central bank and has regulatory and oversight responsibility for payment and securities settlement systems. The CMB has responsibility for safe and efficient functioning of the capital markets and is responsible for the CSDs, CCPs and TRs. The BRSA as part of its banking supervision responsibility is responsible for regulation of payment instruments and also regulation and supervision of non-bank e-money and payment institutions. This assessment covers the following CBRT owned and operated FMIs: The Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) system and the Electronic Securities Transfer System (ESTS). The assessment takes into account the interlinkages of the EFT and ESTS with the other FMIs in Turkey: Takasbank and MKK
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  • 180
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The establishment of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (CBR) as a unified or 'Mega Regulator' in 2013 is an emblem of the far reaching changes to the legal and supervisory landscape in recent years. The level of compliance with the Basel Core Principles (BCP) reflects the transitional nature of the supervisory practices in Russia at the time of the assessment. The CBR is in the course of developing and enhancing its Risk Based Approach to supervision. The regulatory approach in the Russian Federation is highly rules based and this presents some specific challenges to an effective risk based supervisory regime. Supervision and Anti-Money Laundering and/Countering Terrorist Financing (AML/CFT) regulations have been improved. Effective communication and flow of information has been improving but some limitations still apply
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  • 181
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The fundamental challenges confronting the Turkish financial system are to reduce dependence on external and foreign currency financing and to increase the maturity and diversity of funding instruments on which banks and firms depend. The long-standing shortfall of national savings to finance domestic investment, persistent elevated inflation, and bouts of exchange rate volatility have boosted reliance on foreign currency financing from international capital markets and have also incentivized households and firms to place their own savings in short term deposits, as well as in foreign currency. These deep-seated challenges underpin current heightened financial stability risks from several potential sources --"tighter or more volatile global funding conditions, weaker euro area growth, geo-political tensions and loss of market confidence in domestic policies. Balance-sheet fragilities could amplify their impact
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  • 182
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Public Expenditure Review
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: Social spending in Guatemala needs to achieve efficiency gains and increase to minimum levels to meet basic human development objectives. Current levels are so low that fiscal reform (in revenue generation and spending allocation) is urgently needed so that the state can fulfill its mandated coverage and quality in social service provision. In the last ten years, Guatemala has had decent economic growth but failed to improve human development indicators or reduce poverty (which has increased). Low and inefficient public spending, coupled with outdated legal and institutional frameworks, are significant barriers to increasing enrollment and providing quality education. Moving forward, more efficient, equitable, and cost-effective public education spending will require some important policy and institutional changes, including greater use of the incipient monitoring and evaluation system. There is need for increased spending in social assistance interventions, better coordination among implementing agencies, and revised targeting to ensure decent coverage of programs among the poorest. On the institutional side, the launching of the Ministry of Social Development (MIDES) provided a platform to manage the different programs of the sector under one umbrella; however, MIDES has not yet been able to tackle technical deficiencies in implementation
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  • 183
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Other papers
    Kurzfassung: Georgia has a concentrated but growing HIV epidemic. Over the past decade, HIV prevalence has increased among all population groups, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). If current conditions (behaviors and service coverage) are sustained up to 2030, the epidemic is expected to stabilize among female sex workers (FSWs). At the same time, HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWID) and the clients of female sex workers (FSW) may increase, but at a slower rate than in the past. MSM account for the largest proportion of new infections and experience the highest prevalence levels of HIV (13 percent in 2012).1 However, prevention programs that specifically target MSM currently account for approximately only 3 percent of HIV spending.The HIV epidemic in the general population is expected to increase due largely to the increasing HIV prevalence among MSM and existing prevalence among PWID.The HIV epidemic among PWID in Georgia has stabilized due to significant and prolonged efforts to target this population.Testing key populations and their sexual partners is the most cost-effective strategy to identify those who require antiretroviral therapy (ART). Testing key populations and their sexual partners is the most cost-effective strategy to identify those who require antiretroviral therapy (ART).Opportunities exist to further optimize investments.Improvements in technical efficiency may provide additional gains.The health and economic burden of HIV in Georgia is growing.In the long term, the model predicts that HIV resource needs will increase with rising incidence and prevalence. However, the analysis estimates that optimizing current allocations by increasing spending on ART provision while sustaining investment in key populations could save approximately 224,635 dollars annually. The results also show that optimizing the allocation of current spending would lower annual spending commitments for newly infected PLHIV by approximately 15 percent. Current annual spending will not be enough to achieve National HIV Strategic Plan and international targets
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  • 184
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Other Social Protection Study
    Kurzfassung: This study analyzes labor market performance in the Philippines from the perspective of workers' welfare. It argues that pervasive in-work poverty is the main challenge facing labor policy. Poverty is primarily due to low earning capacity of the poor and to their limited access to regular and productive jobs. Behind these are the two interrelated root causes of in-work poverty - low education of the poor, and the scarcity of productive job opportunities. The labor market is segmented into good and bad jobs, with the poor working in the latter. They hold jobs that are informal, temporary or casual, and low-paid. Widespread informality means that the poor neither benefit from the minimum wage policy nor from employment protection legislation. They do not benefit from wage growth either, because their bargaining power is weak. Good jobs are so few, especially in rural areas, that even better educated workers are often forced to take unskilled jobs and work as low-paid laborers. The reduction of in-work poverty hinges on removing constraints to gainful employment in both supply side (better education and skills) and demand side (better jobs). It is critical that the young poor have improved access to quality education, and be equipped with skills required in the modern sector of the economy. But in parallel, better jobs need to be created, which can be attained from the growth of the formal and higher value added sector of the economy. The process of structural transformation should be supported by effective labor policy. Labor regulations need to be made simpler and more flexible to facilitate the reallocation of labor from less to more productive activities, and from informal to formal sector. Targeted training programs have the potential to address the problem of low skills among the poor workers, especially the young ones. Such programs should be developed on a pilot basis and expanded if proven to be cost-effective
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  • 185
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Other Social Protection Study
    Kurzfassung: This report was prepared at the request of the Philippines Social Security System (SSS) to analyze key challenges and propose reform options to improve the sustainability and expand the coverage of old age income protection for private sector workers. A simulation employing the Pension Reform Options Simulation Toolkit (PROST) found that the SSS scheme will face outflows greater than inflows in about 20 years and depletion of its assets in about 28 years. Fortunately, its medium-term financing issues can be addressed through the gradual introduction of parametric reforms that shield workers and retirees from abrupt changes in contributions and benefits. At the same time, the Philippines faces a challenge to improve the defacto coverage of workers by Social Security, and to increase the income protection coverage of the elderly. Options suggested include SSS measures to leverage its identification system and introduce a special instrument for informal workers. Rather than introducing matching contribution subsidies to expand coverage, it was suggested to broaden the scope of beneficiaries eligible for social pensions. Beyond the scope of the SSS, additional measures were suggested including those to improve the access and efficiency of contributions and payments systems, strengthening mobile-money platforms and efforts to improve access to savings instruments, particularly for small and isolated savers. The report points out that the key means of improving coverage lies beyond the scope of social security or pensions, namely, to improve the quantity and quality of wage-based employment
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  • 186
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Other Infrastructure Study
    Kurzfassung: The objective of this study is to assess the impact of the East-West Highway improvement program on Georgia's ability to access international markets. As highlighted extensively in the literature, improving transport infrastructure and the efficiency of the logistics sector can help countries gain competitiveness in international export markets, which can translate into faster economic growth and higher income. This study hypothesizes that investments in the EWH have reduced the cost of shipping Georgian goods to the rest of the world, and such reductions should be more significant for goods transported by road. To estimate the effect of cost reductions generated by improvements in the EWH, a gravity-type model in first-differences has been estimated. The results show that: (i) a 10 percent increase in the length of upgraded road network predicts a 1.1 percent increase in exports transported by road while no significant effect is estimated for exports on other transport modes (rail, sea, and air); (ii) the resulting increase in exports by road was reflected by a decrease in exports transported by sea; (iii) the effect is statistically and economically significant only for customs offices located along the EWH; (iv) only exports of time-sensitive products responded positively and significantly to improvements in the EWH during the 2006-2015 period; (v) upgrading the entire EWH is estimated to generate additional export revenues between USD 776 million and USD 1,466 million. It is important to note that the overall trade generating effect of the investment is expected to be somewhat lower as the results suggest some substitution between road and sea transport, but the overall impact is a significant boost to exports
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  • 187
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Other Infrastructure Study
    Kurzfassung: The objective of this paper is to provide high-level background information on the interdependency between the supply of electricity and water in Southern Africa. The paper assimilates information based an extensive review of recent work on the energy and watersectors in the region and beyond, and the World Bank's sector dialogue in the region. The paper is intended to help facilitate a dialogue on the energy-water nexus in the region, especially fromthe perspective of electricity sector planning, and help the World Bank engage key sectorstakeholders on the issue.The value of this paper is in bringing together the latest knowledge work and other key information relevant for energy-water nexus dialogue in Southern Africa. This information has been derived from a number of fragmented sources, and an effort has been made to present the information in a logical framework, in one document that can help initiate discussions in the region.This paper was conceptualized as a background discussion paper and does not seek to make any recommendations on policy alternatives to tackle challenges facing the region on energy-water nexus issues. Any recommendations should be rooted in a thorough assessment of the specificchallenges, institutions and objectives of the region; and most importantly should follow from aconstructive regional dialogue amongst key stakeholders.The issues and implications that surround the energy-water nexus are numerous. The use of electricity and water as critical inputs to economic activity, implies that there are many interlinkages that can be explored. To increase the usefulness of the information and the framework presented, this paper focuses on the perspective of electricity supply, and highlights nexus issues that are directly relevant to it. Important related nexus issues such as agriculture and its dependence on reliable water and electricity (the energy-water-food nexus) are not considered and are left for future work. Thus, in referring to the energy-water nexus, the paper considers issues on electricity and water sectors in relation to electricity supply and long-term planning around it, including the feedback loop to water. By highlighting key analytical work and drawing insights relevant to Southern Africa, this paper aims to support an informed regional dialogue on decision making about the energy-water nexus in the region
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  • 188
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Kurzfassung: The MEM is the World Bank's biannual flagship publication on Malaysia. It provides analysis of recent economic developments and the near-term outlook for Malaysia. Each publication also focuses on a special topic related to Malaysia's transformation into a high-income economy. Malaysia is at the forefront of a "new generation" of trade agreements that will shape trade and investment over the next decade. The 14th MEM focuses on how Malaysia can use trade agreements to bring new opportunities to the Malaysian economy and accelerate its transition to high income status
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  • 189
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Kurzfassung: Global economic activity is showing little sign of improvement in 2016, but growth in the emerging East Asia and the Pacific remains resilient. In Vietnam economic activity moderated in the first half of 2016, mainly due to the impact of a severe drought on agricultural production and slower industrial growth. GDP is projected to grow by 6 percent in 2016 with inflationary pressures contained and the current account in balance. The fiscal deficit is projected to remain high this year but then tighten over the medium term, reflecting the government's fiscal consolidation plans. The baseline outlook is subject to external and domestic risks. The speed of demographic transition in Vietnam poses new challenges for policymakers, employers and citizens, some of them urgent. There are also significant challenges for healthcare and aged/long-term care systems. The health delivery system will require a fundamental reorientation towards more emphasis on primary care and reduced reliance on hospital care in order to manage the increase in non-communicable diseases exacerbated by aging. There will need to be reforms of human resource policies and programs for the health sector, requiring new graduate and post-graduate training programs for general practitioners, as well as retraining of existing cadres. Reorientation to primary care and case management will also benefit from reforms in provider payment mechanisms for health services, strengthened gate-keeping modalities to control unnecessary hospital usage and admissions, and improved coordination of care across levels of the health system. There will also be a need for efficiency improvements in areas such as pharmaceutical procurement and prescription practices, as well as greater focus on managing conditions of age such as dementia. Growing demand for aged care will also require proactive public policy, with an emphasis on home- and community-based care and defining of appropriate roles for the state, the private sector, communities and households
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  • 190
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Mining, Oil and Gas
    Kurzfassung: The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) is an international standard to promote open and accountable management of natural resources. By encouraging governments, extractive companies, civil society and the public to engage in discourse around transparency of the extractive sector, it aims to facilitate the management of a country's natural resource wealth to benefit all its citizens. The EITI is implemented at the national level. As of June 2016, 51 countries are implementing the EITI in accordance with the 2016 EITI Standard. Since its inception, EITI implementing countries have published EITI Reports covering more than 300 fiscal years. This report provides format options and recommendations for data output for EITI Requirements listed under the 2016 EITI Standard. These recommendations are based on identifying commonly used and evolving data categories under each Requirement and spell out qualitative and quantitative data formats. Where international standards are available and where these are emerging, the report uses these as its basis of recommendations. The recommendations for data outputs are meant to compliment the narrative provided within the Country Report, and is not to be considered a replacement for other reporting requirements under the EITI. The objective of this report is to present, in a structured form, data categories and their reporting formats, that can be used to standardize information generated under each EITI Requirement. The review conducted for this study included a sample of recent EITI Country Reports, as well as other initiatives and industry standards. These recommendations should be considered as a contribution in the efforts towards standardizing data reporting under EITI Requirements, and need to be tested to identify issues with data collection under the headings as categorized in this report
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  • 191
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Kurzfassung: This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) presents the World Bank Group (WBG) program and the associated results framework for Lebanon for the period FY17-FY22. In a fragile and conflict-prone environment, this CPF aims at mitigating the immediate, and potentially long-lasting impact of the Syria crisis on Lebanon, while strengthening state institutions, addressing existing vulnerabilities, and bolstering efforts on longer term development challenges, all through interventions that foster inclusion and shared prosperity. The CPF will work through two focus areas as a way to renew the social contract between the state and the citizens: (i) expand access to and quality of service delivery; and (ii) expand economic opportunities and increase human capital. Through these two focus areas, the WBG will help Lebanon mitigate the economic and social impact of the Syria crisis, safeguard the country's development gains, and enhance the prospects for stability and development in the coming years. The CPF will contribute to strengthening the relationship between the state and its citizens, a critical ingredient for peace and stability. The CPF will contribute to strengthening the relationship between the state and its citizens, a critical ingredient for peace and stability. The CPF benefited from a series of stakeholder consultations, including those held in connection with the Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) and the WBG Gender Strategy
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  • 192
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Kurzfassung: This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) covers the five-year period FY16-20. Anchored in the government's medium-term development plan as outlined in a January 2015 Cabinet of Ministers Program of Action, it also reflects the analysis and recommendations of the World Bank Group's (WBG) 2015 Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) for Uzbekistan and the lessons learned from the Completion Report of the previous CPS. The CPF's objectives and program, which focus on developing the conditions for faster job creation, are consistent with the WBG's twin goals of eliminating extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity. The Uzbekistan Systemic Country Diagnostic (SCD) identified ten priority areas that would need to be addressed to eliminate poverty, boost shared prosperity, and enable Uzbekistan to reach upper middle-income status. The government's strategic objectives are for Uzbekistan to achieve upper middleincome status by 2030, implying income growth averaging 6 percent annually, and in particular to create 500,000 jobs annually. Building country systems for statistical, fiduciary, safeguard, and statistical capacity underlie the foundation of this CPF. The CPF program will remain flexible as circumstances change and new opportunities may arise
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  • 193
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Kurzfassung: The new Country Partnership Framework (CPF or framework) presents the engagement of the World Bank Group (WBG) in Sri Lanka over the next four years (fiscal years 2017-20 (FY17-20)). The CPF aims to support the achievement of some of the government's medium-term goals in areas that are critical for reducing extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity, and that are consistent with the WBG's comparative advantage. Notably, the CPF provides the framework for engagement in several key policy areas. Following presidential and parliamentary elections in 2015, the new coalition government, the National Government of Consensus, has set out an ambitious vision for Sri Lanka. It focuses on supporting job creation in the private sector, advancing the country's global integration, improving governance, enhancing human development and social inclusion, and balancing development with environmental conservation. The vision has been captured in the Prime Minister's Economic Policy Statement of November 5, 2015. The new government's development agenda is well aligned with the findings of the 2015 Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) for Sri Lanka. The SCD identified the most critical constraints and opportunities facing Sri Lanka in accelerating progress toward the twin goals of ending extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity in a sustainable manner. The analysis concluded that key priorities are to address the country's fiscal, competitiveness, and inclusion challenges, as well as cross-cutting governance and social, economic, and environmental sustainability challenges. The CPF is anchored in this analysis
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  • 194
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Kurzfassung: The objective of this report is to update the Government of Bangladesh, think tanks and researchers, the general public as well as the Bank's senior management on the state of the economy, outlook, risks, progress on structural policy reforms, and key challenges the economy is currently facing. The coverage includes developments in the real sector focusing on growth, inflation, and poverty; external sector developments focusing on the balance of payments, foreign exchange reserves, and the exchange rate; fiscal developments focusing on revenue mobilization, public expenditures, and deficit financing; financial sector developments focusing on credit and interest rates; and monetary developments focusing on reserve money and broad money growth trends. The update also covers an assessment of Bangladesh's prospect of graduating out of the least developed country (LDC) status and eligibility for concessional financing from the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank
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  • 195
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Kurzfassung: Following the partial lifting of nuclear-related sanctions in November 2013 under the interim Joint Plan of Action (JPOA), Iran's economy rebounded in 20141 and is estimated to have expanded by 0.5 percent in 2015. A less accommodative monetary policy stance reduced inflationary pressures, with the Consumer Price Index falling to 8.9 percent in February 2016, from a peak of 45.1 percent in June 2013. Notwithstanding this positive development,the pace of job creation has remained weak and the unemployment rate rose to 11.7 percent in 2015, up from 10.6 percent in 2014. The fiscal balance of the central government also deteriorated, mostly due to low oil prices, from a deficit of 1.2 percent of GDP in 2014 to a deficit of 2.7 percent of GDP in 2015. Similarly, the current account surplus is estimated to have shrank from 3.8 percent of GDP in 2014 to 0.6 percent of GDP in 2015 due to falling oil receipts
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  • 196
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Kurzfassung: This Seventh Edition of the Uganda Economic Update discusses the importance of accompanying fiscal strategy with sound public investment management systems. Indeed, a key risk to Uganda's fiscal strategy relates to the potential for public investments to fail to yield the expected growth and welfare dividend. Over the past decade, for every dollar invested in Uganda's capital infrastructure, only seven-tenth of a dollar has been generated. This is far below countries that have successfully undergone structural transformation. As an example, every dollar invested in the development of the interstate highway network in the United States of America between 1954 and 2001, generated six dollars' worth of economic activity. In other words, Uganda's public investments are falling short of generating the desired economic return. The good news is that by improving public investment management, Uganda can greatly increase her economic growth rate and social impact of her investment strategy
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  • 197
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Mining, Oil and Gas
    Kurzfassung: Ethiopia has many advantages as a destination for mining investment. These include promising geology, a well-designed fiscal regime, stable government and a growing domestic market. Additionally, it has a well-managed and successful artisanal and small scale mining sector. Under the second phase of Ethiopia's Growth and Transformation Plan, Ethiopia has the ambitious target for the mining sector to contribute 10% of GDP by 2025. Ethiopia must overcome significant challenges to achieve this target. These challenges range across simplifying the licensing regime, developing its investment promotion efforts and clarifying institutional responsibilities for social and environmental management to enhancing stakeholder engagement in the governance of the sector
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  • 198
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Social Analysis
    Kurzfassung: Hungary's recently established equality of opportunity framework guides the planning and implementation of interventions addressing the most pressing social inclusion challenges at the local level. The equality of opportunity framework provides a comprehensive set of resources, guidance, and templates to local governments to facilitate the planning of local equality plans (LEPs). Through extensive consultations with various governmental and non-governmental stakeholders at the national and local level, a series of challenges were identified for moving from a theoretical planning exercise to an earnest application that is, operationalization of the equality of opportunity framework at the local level. The intention of this handbook is to provide: practical guidance and hands-on instruments that empower local stakeholders to actively and effectively shape the local social inclusion landscape within the overall guiding framework of the local equal opportunity programs. The handbook therefore focuses on the challenges and opportunities of those local governments and related stakeholders that have the relevant primary care capacities and apparatus. The handbook is accompanied by a comprehensive set of illustrative local social inclusion case studies from all over Hungary. The case studies are intended to increase stakeholders' awareness, facilitate knowledge transfer, and peer learning. Even relevant elements of the case studies need to be customized and integrated into the local context
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  • 199
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Foreign Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Capital Flows Study
    Kurzfassung: As a small and open economy, Belarus' development perspectives are intrinsically linked to its ability to produce and sell goods and services competitively in the global marketplace. While Belarus is an open economy, its trade links are concentrated both in terms of products and markets. Mineral goods -most importantly refined oil and potassium chloride - are the main export product accounting for more than 1/3 of total exports. Non mineral exports, including most importantly machinery, vehicles and transport equipment are mostly exported to Russia and other CIS markets, which account for 74 percent of non-mineral exports while the share of EU countries in Belarus non-mineral exports account for less than 15 percent. With Russia's WTO accession in 2012 competitive pressures on Belarus' major market for non-mineral exports have further intensified. As Belarus is accelerating its own negotiations with the WTO, understanding the challenges and opportunities faced by the country's exporters is critical to putting in place an effective adaptation strategy that will enhance competitiveness and ensure Belarus can take full advantage of more open market access. The objective of this note is to analyze the economic impacts of Belarus' potential accession to the WTO. The note utilizes a modern computable general equilibrium model of the economy of Belarus to simulate impacts on the economy as a whole and on individual sectors
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  • 200
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Other papers
    Kurzfassung: This guide is designed to ensure that a comprehensive overview of the relevant provisions of the acquis communautaire is available to policymakers, regulators, and other stakeholders in countries with a European vocation or those simply wishing to take the European Union (EU) regulatory model into account when devising their own national approaches. This guide outlines and summarizes the EU legislative framework governing corporate sector accounting and auditing. The guide begins by giving a brief history and overview of the EU, its institutions, and legislative processes in section one. In section two, the guide focuses on the development of the internal market, particularly in the areas of financial market integration and company law harmonization. Section three addresses the harmonization of accounting and auditing in the EU. Section four looks at the most pressing accounting and auditing issues for the EU
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