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  • 1995-1999  (7)
  • 1970-1974
  • Dessus, Sébastien  (7)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (7)
  • Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.156
    Keywords: Development ; Chile
    Abstract: What interest do developing countries have in limiting the growth of their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions? Answering this question is crucial to moving international climate policy negotiations forward. The primary benefits for individual countries of GHG abatement remain highly uncertain and, in any case, long-term in nature. The costs, on the other hand, are near-term. Using an economy-wide model of Chile, this study examines a hitherto neglected set of benefits from climate policy, viz., the reduction in emissions of local and regional air pollutants and the “ancillary” health benefits, in this case for the people of Santiago, the capital city. These benefits are both near-term and readily captured by the country implementing the policy. Extensive sensitivity analysis is performed in recognition of the uncertainty surrounding certain key parameter and exogenous variable values — notably, Santiago residents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for reduced mortality and morbidity risk, and ...
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  • 2
    Language: French
    Pages: 68 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.144
    Keywords: Development ; European Union ; Tunisia
    Abstract: In the context of the partnership agreement signed between Tunisia and the European Union in 1995, talks will begin in the year 2000 on the liberalisation of their agricultural trade. Tunisia’s political attachment to Europe will give the country the opportunity to diversify agricultural policy. Hitherto based on achieving self sufficiency in food, this policy has resulted in poor resource allocation. The goal now is to find the least costly means of reforming Tunisian agricultural policy, particularly for rural households, while seeking the extent to which Europe could help in the transition towards a more dynamic agricultural sector. With the assistance of a dynamic general equilibrium model, this technical paper examines a number of scenarios for Tunisian agriculture towards 2010. It finds that in the absence of EU concessions, which could take the form of the removal of tariff quotas, it would not be in Tunisia’s interest to reduce support for agriculture and lower its own ...
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.135
    Keywords: Development ; Egypt
    Abstract: Egypt needs to diversify exports further in order to emerge from its isolation and to draw the maximum advantage from the growth potential offered by trade globalisation. To what extent does the bilateral free trade agreement with the European Union encourage the transition from a rentier economy to one of export-led growth? This paper uses a dynamic, calculable, general equilibrium model to assess different scenarios for the Egyptian economy to the year 2010. The authors reach the conclusion that the preferential trade agreement with Europe should facilitate the transition if the increase in trade results in higher Egyptian productivity through technology transfer and pressure from competition. Under these conditions, the agreement would seem to have a similar impact to that which could be expected from unilateral ...
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  • 4
    Language: French
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.121
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The innovation of this paper is the proof of a relationship between human capital and growth, using a sample of 83 countries and six time periods between 1960 and 1990. Nonetheless, calculations from both interactive and variable-coefficient models based on these same panel data suggest that the contribution of education to growth depends on the level of commercial opening. This result could be explained by the variation in factor returns linked, on one hand, to trade-induced changes in labour demand and, on the other, to changes in relative factor supply which are amplified in closed economies. Distortions of human-capital allocation are therefore likely to influence the rate of growth ...
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  • 5
    Language: French
    Pages: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.110
    Keywords: Development ; Costa Rica
    Abstract: This paper analyses linkages between growth, trade and the environment in Costa Rica with a Computable General Equilibrium economy-wide model. The investigation considers trade liberalisation and environmental policy reform, and their impact on economic activity and polluting emissions. Environmental taxes are shown to have a small negative impact on growth while allowing a sharp decrease of emissions. Outward orientation promotes growth, but induces a risk of wholesale specialisation in “dirty” activities. Free trade, combined with appropriate effluent taxes, enhance factor reallocation towards competitive industries, and hence growth, while significantly abating emissions ...
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  • 6
    Language: French
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.115
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This paper analyses the links between growth and public capital for a sample of 28 developing countries over eleven years (1981-91). We estimate a simultaneous equations model to explain the GDP, as well as public and private capital formation. Public, private and human capital are positive and significant factors of growth. Nevertheless, public capital formation has produced crowding-out effects, since the budget constraint was differentiated between public and private sectors. Our results suggest that the majority of the sample countries tended rather to diverge from the optimal allocation of capital — in terms of growth — between public and private sectors ...
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.116
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The environmental impacts of economic activity have become an increasingly urgent concern in both OECD Member countries, as well as in non-Member countries. Research in this area is still in its infancy, and the data required to buttress analytical studies is still sparse. This paper describes the base model specification for a series of six country case studies undertaken at the OECD Development Centre to analyse the links between growth and emissions, and emissions and trade instruments. The model attempts to capture some of the key features relating to environmental emissions. These features include: a) linking emissions to the consumption of polluting inputs (as opposed to output); b) including emissions generated by final demand consumption; c) integrating substitutability between polluting and non-polluting inputs (including capital and labour); d) capturing important dynamic effects such as capital accumulation, population growth, productivity and technological ...
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