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  • 1995-1999  (275)
  • 1998  (275)
  • OECD  (270)
  • Conze, Werner
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Bildungsbürgertum im 19. Jahrhundert (1985-)
    Stuttgart : Klett-Cotta
    Details
    Language: German , English
    Pages: 24 cm
    Series Statement: Industrielle Welt ...
    DDC: 940.28
    Keywords: Middle class Education 19th century ; History ; Professional education Social aspects 19th centu ; History ; Bildung ; Bildungswesen ; Bildungstradition ; Bildungssoziologie ; Berufssoziologie ; Professionalisierung ; Allgemeinbildung ; Bildungskanon ; Philosophie der Bildung und Erziehung ; Theorie der Bildung und Erziehung ; Middle class - Education - History - 19th century ; Professional education - Social aspects - History - 19th century ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Bildungsbürgertum ; Geschichte 1800-1900
    Note: Teil 1 hrsg. von Werner Conze und Jürgen Kocka, Teil 2 hrsg. von Reinahrt Koselleck, Teil 3 hrsg. von M. Rainer Lepsius, Teil 4 hrsg. von Jürgen Kocka , Serie hrsg. von Reinhart Koselleck und M. Rainer Lepsius
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    Book
    MEK Berlin
  • 2
    E-Resource
    E-Resource
    International sectoral databank (ISDB) : = Banque de donnees sectorielles internationales (BDSI) (1989-)
    [s.l.] : OECD
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    Language: English , French
    Edition: [Elektronische Ressource]
    Series Statement: OECD statistics
    Keywords: Diskette
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    E-Resource
  • 3
    Book
    Book
    Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe : historisches Lexikon zur politisch-sozialen Sprache in Deutschland (1972-)
    Stuttgart : Klett-Cotta
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    Details
    Language: German
    RVK:
    NC 1800
    RVK:
    NC 1400
    RVK:
    MB 1600
    RVK:
    BO 1045
    RVK:
    BL 1040
    RVK:
    AE 50000
    Keywords: History Dictionaries German ; Political science Dictionaries German ; Germany Dictionaries History ; German ; Wörterbuch ; Sozialgeschichte ; Geschichte
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Book
    MPI-MMG
  • 4
    Book
    Book
    Deutsche Geschichte im Osten Europas (1992-)
    Berlin : Siedler
    Details
    ISBN: 3886802000 , 3886807711
    Language: German
    DDC: 16.5/XA-DE/XA
    Keywords: Deutsche ; Ostmitteleuropa ; Geschichte ; Deutsche ; Osteuropa ; Geschichte
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    Book
    MEK Berlin
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reviews of national policies for education (1998-2008)
    Paris : OECD
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    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: Education and skills
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Reviews of national policies for education
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Book
    Book
    Technologien des 21. Jahrhunderts : Herausforderungen einer dynamischen Zukunft (1998)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9264560521
    Language: German
    Pages: 173 S.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 21st century technologies
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les technologies du XXIe siècle
    RVK:
    AK 24300
    RVK:
    QC 344
    Keywords: Prognose 2000 ; Technologie ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Konferenzschrift ; Technologie ; Prognose 2000
    Note: Literaturangaben. - Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: 21st century technologies. - Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Les technologies du XXIe siècle
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    Book
    HU Berlin
    München UB
    KOBV
    BVB
  • 7
    Book
    Book
    Human capital investment : an international comparison (1998)
    Paris : OECD-Publ.
    Details
    ISBN: 9264160671
    Language: English
    Pages: 113 S. , graph. Darst.
    RVK:
    QX 800
    Keywords: OECD ; Bildungsinvestition ; Investition ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Bildungspolitik ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Humankapital ; Investition ; Humankapital ; Internationaler Vergleich ; OECD ; Bildungspolitik ; Humankapital ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Humankapital ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Bildungsinvestition ; Internationaler Vergleich ; OECD ; Humankapital ; Bildungsinvestition ; Internationaler Vergleich
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    KOBV
  • 8
    Book
    Book
    Bildung auf einen Blick : Indikatoren für Bildungssysteme; 1: OECD-Indikatoren (1998)
    Paris : OECD
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    In:  1
    Details
    ISBN: 9264561277
    Language: German
    Pages: 436 S. , graph. Darst.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 1
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    Book
  • 9
    Book
    Book
    University research in transition : = La recherche universitaire en transition (1998)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9264160302
    Language: English
    Pages: 103 S. , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Science, technology, industry
    DDC: 378/.007/204 21
    RVK:
    AL 19700
    RVK:
    AL 33000
    RVK:
    QX 850
    Keywords: OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Hochschulforschung ; Strukturwandel ; Hochschule ; Forschung ; Universität ; Forschungspolitik ; Strukturwandel ; Hochschulforschung ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Universität ; Forschungspolitik ; Hochschule ; Forschung
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: La recherche universitaire en transition
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    BVB
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Redéfinir l'enseignement tertiaire (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263109
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Redefining Tertiary Education
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Etant donné les tendances et les évolutions actuelles dans l'ensemble des pays Membres de l'OCDE, une vision nouvelle et dynamique de l'enseignement tertiaire s'impose. Largement induit par une demande qui témoigne de la diversité des intérêts des étudiants, des employeurs et de la société en général, le relèvement des niveaux de fréquentation a engendré des défis qu'il faut relever : comment mieux adapter l'enseignement tertiaire aux intérêts et aux choix des clients, des étudiants notamment ? Quelles mesures devrait-on prendre pour adapter les pédagogies ou restructurer les programmes d'enseignement ? Comment faut-il répondre aux besoins de ceux qui actuellement n'ont pas accès aux premières années de l'enseignement tertiaire ? Comment les pouvoirs publics doivent-ils interagir avec des systèmes d'enseignement tertiaire vastes et diversifiés, regroupant un large éventail de prestataires de plus en plus autonomes ? Cet ouvrage étudie aussi comment mobiliser au mieux les énergies et les compétences des personnels, des établissements et des partenaires, et comment s'assurer des ressources suffisantes et améliorer l'efficience alors que s'accentuent les pressions concurrentes s'exerçant sur les fonds publics.Les résultats, les analyses et les conclusions présentés dans cette publication serviront de point de départ au débat et à la réflexion alors que toutes les parties prenantes cherchent à renforcer et à élargir la contribution de l'enseignement tertiaire au bien-être économique et social de l'ensemble de la population.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Redefining tertiary education
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263109-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Efficient Transport for Europe : Policies for the Internalisation of External Costs (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163188
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des transports efficients pour l'Europe ; Politiques pour l'internalisation des coûts externes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Efficient transport for Europe
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Internalisierung externer Effekte ; Verkehrspolitik ; Europa ; Transport ; Europa ; Verkehrswirtschaft ; Soziale Kosten ; Internalisierung
    Abstract: Pollution, accidents and congestion all cause unnecessary welfare losses, and while transport services are an essential component of economic and social development, their negative side effects are drawing increasing political attention. Internalisation aims to create incentives to reduce these external costs by factoring them into markets. This report summarises the theoretical and practical dimensions to internalisation; reviews recent estimates of external costs; explores the mix of policies that might be used to promote internalisation successfully; and estimates the size of incentives required in monetary terms.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163188-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mouvements des capitaux et performances des investissements : Les leçons de l'Amérique latine (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263451
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Etudes du Centre de Développement
    Series Statement: Études du Centre de développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Capital Flows and Investment Performance; Lessons from Latin America
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Capital Flows and Investment Performance: Lessons from Latin America
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: Les pays destinataires de flux importants de capitaux sont exposés à des risques si ces flux ne se transforment pas en investissements productifs à long terme : telle est la leçon de la crise asiatique de la fin des années 90. Cette publication, issue d'un projet conjoint du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE et de la Commission économique des Nations unies pour l'Amérique latine et les Caraïbes (CEPALC), passe en revue les politiques d'un groupe d'importants pays latino-américains confrontés à des entrées massives de capitaux. Les auteurs soulignent que les politiques nationales ont une incidence sur les effets des entrées de capitaux. Ils montrent que certains pays, en particulier le Chili et la Colombie, sont ainsi parvenus à diriger les apports de capitaux vers l'investissement et à réduire de la sorte le risque d'instabilité dans le secteur financier. Ces mesures conduisent à une gestion efficace des entrées de capitaux étrangers. Elles favorisent la création d'un environnement stable orienté vers la croissance et propice à de nouveaux investissements externes judicieux. Les enseignements de cette étude concernent aussi bien l'Amérique latine que d'autres régions du monde.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Capital flows and investment performance
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263451-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Investissement direct étranger et développement économique : L'expérience de six économies émergentes (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262980
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Development; Lessons from Six Emerging Economies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Development: Lessons from Six Emerging Economies
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Cette étude analyse les interactions entre l'Investissement direct étranger (IDE) et le développement dans six Economies dynamiques non membres : Argentine, Brésil, Chili, Indonésie, Malaisie et Philippines, qui après avoir suivi des politiques différentes à l'égard de l'IDE, convergent aujourd'hui vers une approche plus ouverte. Cette ouverture et les réformes économiques d'ensemble, dont la libéralisation de l'IDE n'est qu'un élément, créent un environnement qui permettra de tirer pleinement parti de l'IDE. L'IDE peut en effet jouer un rôle clé en améliorant la capacité du pays d'accueil à exploiter les possibilités offertes par l'intégration économique mondiale, un objectif fondamental pour toute stratégie de développement. Dans cet environnement plus concurrentiel, fruit d'une décennie de réformes économiques, la plupart des restrictions à l'investissement étranger subsistant dans les pays d'acceuil sont désormais, dans le meilleur des cas, inefficaces et, au pire, contre-productives.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262980-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    L' internationalisation de la R-D industrielle : Structures et tendances (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263789
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (114 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Internationalisation of Industrial R&D; Patterns and Trends
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Internationalisation of Industrial R&D: Patterns and Trends
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: A l'ère de la mondialisation de la production, l'internationalisation de la R-D industrielle est un phénomène de plus en plus marqué dans les pays de l'OCDE. Mais quelle est au juste son ampleur ? Quelle part de la recherche nationale est sous contrôle étranger et dans quels secteurs ? Quel est le poids de la R-D effectuée par les firmes multinationales en dehors de leur pays d'origine ? Ce rapport analyse également les liens entre les activités de production et de R-D des filiales étrangères dans les pays de l'OCDE et des filiales des firmes nationales à l'étranger au niveau sectoriel. Il met en évidence la nécessité de réévaluer le potentiel de R-D et d'innovation de chaque pays en tenant compte des activités à l'intérieur comme à l'extérieur de ses frontières.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Internationalisation of industrial R & D
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263789-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ajustement du secteur agricole des pays de l'OCDE : Réformer les politiques foncières agricoles (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262614
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Adjustment in OECD Agriculture; Reforming Farmland Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Adjustment in OECD Agriculture: Reforming Farmland Policies
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Cette publication rassemble deux études traitant de la question très importante des terres agricoles : elle examine la façon dont les politiques agricoles et autres influencent les transactions foncières, la valeur et l'utilisation des terres. La première étude examine les politiques qui affectent la mobilité des terres agricoles et appelle à un allégement des réglementations qui permette au secteur agricole de mieux répondre aux forces du marché. La seconde étude montre que le soutien agricole est souvent capitalisé dans la valeur des terres et des autres actifs. Par conséquent, il existe une forte résistance à la réforme de la politique, il est difficile d'entrer dans le secteur agricole et les bénéficiaires des politiques ne sont pas toujours ceux à qui ces dernières étaient destinées à l'origine.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262614-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development Co-operation Reviews: Germany 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163669
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.29
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Allemagne 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Allemagne 1998
    Keywords: Development ; Germany
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1998 review of Germany's development aid policies and programmes. It finds that the German aid programme is one of the largest in the world, and it is managed with great expertise and skill. It is strongly oriented towards the partnership principle. The three basic objectives of German aid are poverty reduction, protection of the environment and natural resources and education and training. Poverty reduction, gender and the protection of the environment are cross-cutting tasks permeating all German aid activities. Since the last review of its development co-operation programme by the OECD's Development Assistance Committee in 1995, Germany has taken several measures to improve the quality and effectiveness of its aid. These measures include:- the reformulation of the concept for development policy; - the establishment of guidelines for the integration of poverty reduction and gender into all project and programme design; - the conception and implementation of development-oriented emergency assistance programmes, including conflict resolution activities; - a new approach to evaluation; - decentralisation of the German technical assistance agency (GTZ); and the establishment of field offices by the financial co-operation agency (KfW); - more systematic relations with non-governmental organisations. At the same time, there are still significant challenges in adapting a complex multi-institutional management structure to evolving needs for policy-based, co-ordinated programmes, and also in overcoming persistent pressures on the budget. The volume of German aid for developing countries has been falling significantly in recent years. As a share of GNP, ODA net disbursements fell from 0.42 per cent in 1990 to 0.28 per cent in 1997. Assistance for the reform process in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union also declined sharply in 1996 and 1997.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163669-en
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reviews of National Policies for Education: Italy 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163638
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Italie 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Italie 1998
    Keywords: Education ; Italy
    Abstract: OECD's 1998 review of Italy's education system. It finds that a major reform of the entire Italian education and training system is in progress, aiming at the improvement and integration of learning in schools, universities and regional training institutions in order to respond to changing social and economic demands for knowledge, skills and qualifications. Fundamental changes will include the decentralisation of administrative responsibilities and increased school autonomy, enabling the grassroot actors in education and training to respond more flexibly to the diversity of individual, local and enterprise needs and to utilise more effectively available funds and technologies. Central elements in the reform will also provide evaluation and increased accountability across the system. The OECD examiners support these objectives and suggest a number of strategies to strengthen the implementation of the reform goals. They underline the need for broad societal agreement on these goals and the mobilisation of all the parties involved in order to achieve the wide-ranging changes which are envisaged.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163638-en
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Strategic Environmental Assessment in the Transport Sector (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162266
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'évaluation environnementale stratégique dans le secteur des transports
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Strategic environmental assessment in the transport sector
    DDC: 363.73/1
    RVK:
    QR 800
    RVK:
    AR 27700
    Keywords: Umweltbewertung ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Welt ; Europa ; Environment ; Transport ; Europa ; Umweltschutz ; Verkehrspolitik
    Abstract: Strategic environmental assessment is emerging as a tool for integrated decision-making on major transport infrastructure investments and in the planning and policy making process more generally. The discipline is a new one, and by reviewing experience around the world, this report contributes to the development of effective procedures for incorporating adequate environmental assessments in all strategic transport sector decisions.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: L'évaluation environnementale stratégique dans le secteur des transports
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162266-en
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Préserver la prospérité dans une société vieillissante (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263130
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Maintaining Prosperity in an Ageing Society
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Le vieillissement des populations menace-t-il la prospérité de nos sociétés ? Comment les ressources devraient-elles être réparties entre la génération des actifs et les personnes âgées qui en dépendent ? Comment réformer au mieux les systèmes de retraite, de santé et de soins de longue durée ? Comment mettre en valeur la contribution des personnes âgées à la société et à la prospérité économique ? D'ici dix ans, le nombre des retraités commencera de croître beaucoup plus vite que celui des personnes d'âge actif dans les pays de l'OCDE. Si des changements fondamentaux n'interviennent pas dans les systèmes de retraite et dans la répartition du temps entre formation, travail et temps libre, des tensions budgétaires et sociales risquent de se faire jour. Certains groupes pourraient être injustement soumis à une lourde fiscalité alors que d'autres constateraient une dégradation inattendue de leur niveau de vie. Pour qu'elle soit pertinente, la réponse des pouvoirs publics doit être diversifiée, et faire intervenir les politiques budgétaires et sociales, mais aussi les politiques du marché du travail, de la santé et de l'éducation. Encourager les gens à travailler plus longtemps, en rendant financièrement plus intéressante la poursuite d'une activité, est au coeur de la stratégie à mettre en oeuvre pour préserver la prospérité dans une société vieillissante. Sans doute faudra-t-il aussi réformer les systèmes publics de retraite traditionnels et les autres politiques sociales et encourager le développement de formules destinées à remplacer les systèmes de retraite publics et donnant aux individus plus de souplesse pour planifier leur départ en retraite. L'infrastructure des marchés financiers devra par conséquent être renforcée pour absorber la forte augmentation des avoirs détenus par les fonds de pension privés. A travers cette étude pluridisciplinaire, l'OCDE souligne la nécessité d'agir dès à présent en mettant en place un train de politiques cohérent et complet.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263130-fr
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Migrations, libre-échange et intégration régionale dans le Bassin méditerranéen (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263802
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Conférences de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Migrations, libre-échange et intégration régionale dans le Bassin méditerranéen
    Keywords: Development ; Konferenzschrift 1996 ; Mittelmeerraum ; Wirtschaftliche Integration ; Migration
    Abstract: Les accords de libre-échange que l'Union européenne a signés avec certains pays du Bassin méditerranéen sont conçus avant tout pour encourager une plus grande intégration économique régionale. Ils concrétisent aussi une nouvelle approche des phénomènes migratoires qui consiste à favoriser le développement des pays de départ. Les transformations attendues sont-elles de nature à modifier les paramètres de la décision d'émigrer ? Cet ouvrage tente d'apporter une réponse à cette question. Il souligne les contrastes qui caractérisent la situation démographique et économique dans le Bassin méditerranéen. Etayé de nombreuses études de cas, il fournit une analyse lumineuse des effets de la libéralisation des échanges sur l'équilibre socio-politique des pays tiers méditerranéens et examine les mutations engendrées sur le marché du travail. Enfin, il met en évidence les obstacles à surmonter afin d'adapter les structures économiques, les infrastructures sociales et les ressources humaines aux niveaux requis par l'ouverture des échanges et l'accroissement des flux d'investissements étrangers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263802-fr
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  • 21
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    OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment: Brazil 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163140
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger ; Brésil 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger : Brésil 1998
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Brazil
    Abstract: OECD's 1998 review of Brazils foreign direct investment policy. It finds that Brazil is on the verge of becoming one of the leading recipients of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Latin America and the world. Major economic reforms and large scale privatisations have enhanced Brazil's attractiveness as the largest Latin American market and as a key player in Mercosur. This trend should pick up speed in the coming years with further liberalisation, the restructuring of the Brazilian economy and the pursuance of economic integration. There is every reason to commend the policies adopted by the Government of Brazil to eliminate discriminatory treatment towards foreign investors and their investments, protect their tangible and intangible assets and provide for the resolution of investment disputes. The study highlights, however, some lingering areas of concern, notably with respect to access to the banking system, goverment discretionary action and existing market distortions. The adherence to OECD liberalisation principles should nevertheless consolidate and confort the reform process in Brazil while providing a favorable framework for the expansion of FDI relations between Brazil and OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163140-en
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  • 22
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    21st Century Technologies : Promises and Perils of a Dynamic Future (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163539
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als 21st century technologies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les technologies du XXIe siècle : Promesses et périls d'un futur dynamique
    DDC: 303.48/3
    RVK:
    QC 344
    Keywords: Technischer Fortschritt ; Sozialer Wandel ; Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift ; Direktinvestition ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: The next few decades hold the prospect of remarkable progress in a wide range of pervasive technologies that are likely to have a profound effect on how we live, work, and spend our leisure time. These technologies are set to revolutionise the worlds of medicine, agriculture, travel, retailing...so much that is familiar in our daily lives. Used wisely, they could be of huge benefit to mankind. Used wrongly, they could mean lost opportunities and unnecessary risks. The challenge for society is immense. What would be the cost of failure to embrace dynamic change? What kind of ethical dilemmas will arise from further breakthroughs in genetic engineering? Will the spread of new technologies create new social divisions? What sort of societies will prove most adept at harnessing the vast technological potential? How can countries best co-operate to maximise the benefits of spillovers? This book reviews the extraordinary promise of technological advances over the next twenty years or so, and assesses some of the key issues -- economic, social, environmental, ethical -- that decision-makers in government, business and society will face in the decades ahead.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163539-en
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  • 23
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    Regulatory reform in the global economy : Asian and Latin America perspectives (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264163158
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Regulatory reform in the global economy
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Welthandel ; Deregulierung ; Agrobusiness ; Deregulierung ; Europäische Union ; Agrobusiness ; Asien ; Internationalisierung ; Regulierung ; Lateinamerika ; Internationalisierung ; Regulierung
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163157-en
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  • 24
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    Contracting Out Government Services : Best Practice Guidelines and Case Studies No. 20 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162174
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Public Management Occasional Papers
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mieux sous-traiter les services publics ; Principes directeurs et études de cas n 20
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mieux sous-traiter les services publics : Principes directeurs et études de cas n 20
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Contracting out government services is one of the principal market-type mechanisms applied in OECD Member countries. Its use is increasing in virtually all Member countries as the evidence mounts that contracting out can lead to efficiency gains while maintaining or increasing service quality levels. How can governments make the most of contracting out ? What lessons can be learned from past experiences ? This report presents the OECD Best Practice Guidelines for Contracting Out Government Services and accompanying case studies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162174-en
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  • 25
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Switzerland 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163591
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Keywords: Environment ; Switzerland
    Abstract: This review of Switzerland's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163591-en
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  • 26
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    Reviews of National Policies for Education: Korea 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162969
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Corée 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Corée 1998
    Keywords: Education ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: In the last 40 years, educational provision in Korea has grown at a rate unprecedented among OECD countries. Modern systems of education and training have been created, and rates of expansion have kept pace with demand for elementary, secondary, university and other forms of tertiary education. Despite these impressive gains, the Korean education system needs improvements to respond positively and creatively to the challenges of globalisation, the electronic revolution and the advent of society based on knowledge and information. This review covers the entire education and training system, including vocational and tertiary education. It assesses the main directions of the reform proposals put forward by the Presidential Commission on Educational Reform in May 1995. It makes recommendations for improvements in such key areas as: access to education and training opportunities within the context of lifelong learning; quality of learning to foster creativity at all levels; improving the inner dynamics of the education and training system to provide a reformed, decentralised system; and the knowledge and information base for the effective performance of the education and training system.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162969-en
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  • 27
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    Development Co-operation Reviews: Portugal 1997 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162198
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.22
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Portugal 1997
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Portugal 1997
    Keywords: Development ; Portugal
    Abstract: Portugal's development co-operation programme is characterised by concentration bilaterally on the Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa, reflecting close links of history, language and culture. Those countries are now among the least developed countries. Recently, Portugal has emphasized two new areas of development co-operation. First, private sector development, based on economic policy reforms supported by the international institutions, and on instruments which encourage the involvement of the Portuguese private sector. The second new area of emphasis is the strengthening of the governance systems in the PALOPs, the Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa, focusing particularly on legal systems and the judiciary, but also extending to parliamentary institutions, electoral systems, local governments and constitutional advice. In its review of Portugal's programme the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) noted that Portugal has the potential to play a larger role, particularly in Mozambique and Angola, where critical post-conflict development needs have to be met. It noted that a new Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries (the CPLP), including Brazil, has recently been formed to enhance dialogue and mutual development efforts.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162198-en
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  • 28
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Belgium 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163522
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Belgique 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Belgique 1998
    Keywords: Environment ; Belgium
    Abstract: This review of Belgium's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163522-en
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  • 29
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    Essai n 214: Abeille domestique, essai de toxicité aigue͏̈ par contact (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070196
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 214; Honeybees, Acute Contact Toxicity Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 214: Honeybees, Acute Contact Toxicity Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice décrit une méthode d'essai en laboratoire, conçue pour évaluer la toxicité aiguë par contact, des pesticides et d'autres produits chimiques, pour des abeilles domestiques ouvrières adultes. Des abeilles domestiques ouvrières adultes anesthésiées sont exposées à cinq doses (d'une série géométrique) de la substance d'essai, dissoute dans un véhicule approprié (au total un volume de 1 ml), par application directe sur le thorax (aérosol). Au minimum trois groupes d'essai identiques, chacun de dix abeilles, devraient être dosés avec chaque concentration d'essai. Un étalon de toxicité (habituellement diméthoate) devrait être inclus dans la série d'essai. L'essai limite correspond à un niveau de dose de 100 μg de substance active/d'abeille. La durée d'essai est de 48h. La mortalité est enregistrée quotidiennement pendant au moins 48 heures et comparée aux valeurs de contrôle. Si le taux de mortalité augmente entre 24 et 48h tandis que la mortalité des témoins reste à un niveau acceptable, il est approprié de prolonger la durée de l'essai jusqu’à un maximum de 96h. Les résultats sont analysés afin de calculer la DL50 à 24h et 48 h et, dans le cas d’une étude prolongée, à 72 h et 96h.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070196-fr
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  • 30
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    Sustainable Development : OECD Policy Approaches for the 21st Century (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174283
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: Since the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, sustainability has emerged as an over-arching policy goal in the OECD Secretariat and in its Member countries. Real progress depends upon the integration of environmental and social goals with economic ones. This publication provides an overview and analysis of trends and identifies policy gaps and trade-offs that have been encountered and points to future options. The authors document positive trends which have emerged signalling greater sustainability, as well as areas where progress has proved more elusive. While the main focus is the OECD region, expanding linkages -- among all countries and regions -- form an important part of the story. The coverage of the volume reflects the OECD's diverse subject matter expertise, and some of the interdisciplinary synergies that the Organisation can generate. Part I of this two-part volume concentrates on socio-economic issues, including the integration of economics and environment; trade and environment; changing consumption and production patterns; assessing environmental performance; development co-operation; and the evolution of aid agencies since Rio. Part II takes an in-depth look at nine sectoral issues: energy; transport; agriculture; toxic chemicals; climate change; nuclear energy; urbanisation; biotechnology; and education. In short, this publication gives essential keys to meet the major challengeof the 21st century: helping to make sustainability a reality.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174283-en
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  • 31
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    Essai n 409: Toxicité orale à doses répétées - non-rongeurs: 90 jours (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070738
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 409; Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Non-Rodents
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 409: Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Non-Rodents
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette méthode fournit des informations sur les dangers pour la santé qui peuvent résulter d’une exposition à une substance d’essai par voie orale. La détermination d’une toxicité sub-chronique orale utilisant des doses répétées peut être effectuée après que l'information initiale sur la toxicité ait été obtenue à partir d’essai de toxicité aiguë ou répétée (28 jours). La méthode est basée sur l’administration orale répétée de la substance étudiée sur une période prolongée (un niveau de dose, quotidiennement, pendant 90 jours). Cette Ligne directrice utilise principalement des espèces autres que les rongeurs. L’espèce la plus commune employée est le chien (le beagle est fréquemment utilisé). Au moins 8 animaux (4 femelles et 4 mâles) doivent être employés pour chaque groupe d’essai. Trois concentrations, au moins, doivent être utilisées. Le composant testé est administré par gavage, dans des capsules ou via la nourriture ou la boisson. Un essai limite peut être fait quand on n’attend pas d’effet pour une dose de 1000 mg/kg poids corporel/j. Les résultats de l’étude incluent des mesures (le poids au moins une fois par semaine, la consommation de nourriture et d’eau), des observations quotidiennes détaillées (examen ophtalmologique, hématologie, biochimie clinique et analyse d’urine), chaque jour de préférence au même moment, de même qu’une autopsie générale et de l’histopathologie. Un essai sub-chronique de 90 jours correctement effectué devrait fournir une évaluation satisfaisante d'un niveau sans effet.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070738-fr
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    Reviews of National Policies for Education: Russian Federation 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162860
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Fédération de Russie 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Fédération de Russie 1998
    Keywords: Education ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: Education is a powerful force in building the new Russia: it can help its citizens meet the challenges of the new, emerging democratic society; develop in its labour force the talents, skills and dispositions required in the new economic and social setting; and harmonise national aims with regional concerns. The challenge to the education system in the Russian Federation is especially great because so many other social and economic systems are undergoing transition and reform simultaneously. Against the present context of fluid and uncertain conditions and significant financial constraint, school policies need to promote and support the adaptation and restructuring of curricula while reinforcing evident strengths in current provision and fostering the development of new, effective partnerships at national, regional and local levels. This report describes the most recent trends in schooling and education policy in the Russian Federation, and analyses the education reform initiatives under way. While supporting the overall policy trends now under way, its recommendations draw attention to particular problems and share new perspectives as well as identify ways to consolidate the ongoing reforms. Recommendations are offered for education goals, access and opportunity for all; curriculum and assessment; teachers and teacher education; reforming vocational and technical education within a changing economy; and management, finance and the role of government.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162860-en
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    Maintaining Prosperity in an Ageing Society (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163133
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Préserver la prospérité dans une société vieillissante
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Is ageing a threat to our societies' prosperity? How should resources be shared between the working generation and its dependent older citizens? How should pension, health and long-term care best be reformed? How can older people's contribution to society and economic prosperity be enhanced? Within the next decade, the numbers of retired people in OECD countries will start to grow much faster than those of working age. In the absence of major changes to pension systems and to the way people allocate their time between education, work and leisure, it is likely that fiscal and social strains will start to emerge. Some groups may be unfairly burdened through high taxation and others would face unexpected reductions in their material living standards. The appropriate policy response is multi-faceted, covering fiscal, social, labour market, financial market, health and education policies. An important part of the strategy for maintaining prosperity in an ageing society will involve encouraging people to work longer by making it financially more attractive for them to do so. In turn, this could entail reforms to traditional public pension systems and other social policies, as well as fostering the development of alternatives to public systems that give individuals more flexibility in deciding when to retire. Consequently, financial market infrastructures will need to be strengthened to cope with large increases in private pension fund assets. Through this multi-disciplinary study, the OECD points to the need to take action now by implementing a comprehensive and consistent set of policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163133-en
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    Studi economici dell'OCSE: Italia 1999 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264666993
    Language: Italian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Italy 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; Italie 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Italy 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : Italie 1999
    Keywords: Economics ; Italy
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264666993-it
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  • 35
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    Under the roof : the integration of school and community services in OECD countries (1998)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9264163425
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: PEB papers
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Under the roof
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Townshend, John; Sous un seul toit
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 1996 ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Öffentliche Schule ; Öffentliche Einrichtung
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163423-en
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    Benefit Systems and Work Incentives (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163287
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
    DOI: 10.1787/benwork_incent-1998-en
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    Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Fédération de Russie 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262867
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education; Russian Federation 1998
    Keywords: Education ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: L'éducation constitue un instrument puissant au service de la construction d'une nouvelle Russie. Elle peut aider les citoyens à relever les défis liés à la transition vers la démocratie, contribuer à former une main-d'oeuvre ayant les qualités et les compétences requises par le nouveau contexte socio-économique, et permettre de concilier objectifs nationaux et intérêts régionaux. Le défi posé au système éducatif est d'autant plus grand que de nombreux autres systèmes économiques et sociaux sont également dans une phase de transition et de réforme en Fédération de Russie. Dans le contexte actuel, caractérisé par des conditions changeantes et incertaines et de sérieuses contraintes financières, les politiques éducatives doivent s'efforcer de promouvoir et d'accompagner l'adaptation et le réaménagement des programmes, de renforcer les atouts manifestes du système actuel et d'encourager l'instauration de partenariats nouveaux et efficaces aux niveaux national, régional et local. Ce rapport décrit les tendances les plus récentes de la politique d'éducation de la Fédération de Russie et présente une analyse des réformes en cours. Tout en approuvant l'orientation générale de la politique actuelle, il attire l'attention sur certains problèmes, ouvre de nouveaux horizons et propose des moyens de consolider les réformes engagées. Il contient des recommandations portant sur les objectifs de l'éducation, l'accès universel et l'égalité des chances, les programmes et l'évaluation, les enseignants et leur formation, la réforme de l'enseignement technique et professionnel dans une économie en mutation, et enfin la gestion, le financement et le rôle des pouvoirs publics.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262867-fr
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    Employment Outlook 1998 : June 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163089
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
    DOI: 10.1787/empl_outlook-1998-en
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  • 39
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    Projected Costs of Generating Electricity : Update 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and Nuclear Energy Agency
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163706
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    RVK:
    AR 28600
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163706-en
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  • 40
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    Research on Transport Economics : Volume 30 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264063792
    Language: English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
    DOI: 10.1787/res_transp-1998-en-fr
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  • 41
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    Statistical Trends in Transport : 1965/1994 = Annales statistiques de transport : 1965/1994 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264062245
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This annual publication sets out the main statistical data concerning the transport sector in the Member countries of the European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT). For the first time, the reader will find data on the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic and Moldova. The Czech and Slovak Republics joined the ECMT in 1993 whereas Moldova has been a Member since 1994. Tables cover such topics as investment, infrastructure, rolling stock, human resources, traffic and energy consumption for the different modes of transport.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264062245-en-fr
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  • 42
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    Best Practice Policies for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162457
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1997
    RVK:
    QR 380
    RVK:
    QP 310
    DOI: 10.1787/sme_outlook-1997-en
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  • 43
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    Immigrants, Integration and Cities : Exploring the Links (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162952
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Rapid economic and social change in both inner cities and suburbs has created new challenges for the integration of immigrants and their descendants. What is the role of immigration in urban development and neighbourhood change? What are the impacts of urban change on immigrants and their chances of integration? The history of urban development and the characteristics of immigrant populations -- size, origins, the range of groups represented and their history, length of residence and civic status -- vary across countries. The process of integration may thus vary considerably at different times and for different immigrant groups. This publication analyses in detail the nature and content of policies being implemented to promote the integration of immigrants in urban areas. It examines how the changing socio-economic context in cities may affect immigrants and the advantages and disadvantages of urban concentrations of immigrants, drawing on examples from cities in Australia, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, the United Kingdom and the United States. It also highlights the importance of associating not only immigrants and key local actors, but the concerned wider population as well, in defining and implementing urban development and integration policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162952-en
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    Water Consumption and Sustainable Water Resources Management (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162648
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La consommation de l'eau et la gestion durable des ressources en eau
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Water is a vital resource for human health, economic development and environmental quality. Over the past three decades, OECD Member countries have made major strides in the management of their water resources. Increasingly, however, water is coming back onto the policy agenda. Persistent water quality problems, the need for heavy investments in water delivery and treatment infrastructure, and growing competition for finite supplies are forcing greater attention on the mix of policies needed to achieve efficient and effective integrated water resources management. The integrated management of water resources is not a new concept. The notion of "integration", however, is evolving. Greater emphasis is being given to the full recognition of the water needs of the environment in pricing policies, allocation decisions and institutional reform. There is also a growing number of examples of the integration of a wider range of stakeholders, including the private sector and local communities, in water resources planning and management. This report presents the discussions and conclusions of the OECD workshop on sustainable water consumption, which was held in Sydney, Australia (10-12 February 1997). Drawing on examples from OECD Member countries and selected countries from the Asia-Pacific, it examines progress made on a range of key water policy issues and examines some of the more innovative attempts to put into practice a wider vision of integration.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162648-en
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  • 45
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    Corporate Governance, State-Owned Enterprises and Privatisation (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162730
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: How can the efficiency of state-owned enterprises be improved? What effects do privatisation policies have on corporate governance in privatised enterprises? What role do employees play in corporate governance? This report examines these issues and provides recommendations. This publication presents the papers of the OECD conference on "State-Owned Enterprises, Privatisation and Corporate Governance" which took place in Paris on 3 and 4 March 1997. It brings together contributions from different countries highlighting different approaches to governance in state-owned enterprises and the impact of the choice of privatisation method on post-privatisation corporate governance and performance. Special attention is paid to the experience of Canada, France, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162730-en
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  • 46
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    Globalisation and the Environment : Perspectives from OECD and Dynamic Non-Member Economies (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162655
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Globalisation is binding countries into closer economic -- and environmental -- interdependence through intensified trade and investment linkages and rapid advances in technology. It is also changing the context of environmental management at national, regional and global levels and is creating new challenges to, and opportunities for, the public and private sectors in the transition to sustainable development. This volume presents papers on these subjects by leading experts from OECD Member countries, Asia and Latin America. The papers were presented at the OECD Workshop on Globalisation and the Environment: New Challenges to the Public and Private Sectors.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162655-en
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    A Regional Approach to Industrial Restructuring in the Tomsk Region, Russian Federation (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163058
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (512 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: Tomsk is one of the oldest established centres of industry and learning in the Russian Federation. The city of Tomsk and its surrounding region now face challenging economic and resource utilisation problems. These must be overcome if the pace of development is to be quickened and deepened. At the invitation of the regional authorities, the OECD’s Centre for Co-operation with the Economies in Transition, organised a conference in Tomsk on a regional approach to industrial restructuring in June 1997. It received special support from the Institute for Advanced Studies of Vienna. This report presents the economic assessment, conference conclusions and recommendations. It will be of particular use to potential investors, businesses and other specialists interested in the opportunities arising from reforms underway in the economy of one of Russia’s oldest regions. The publication notably provides an overview of the Tomsk regional economy and its main sectors, with an examination of key regional and federal policy issues, and investment provisions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163058-en
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    Main Economic Indicators - Sources and Methods : Domestic Finance Statistics (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162327
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (94 p.)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This publication provides a detailed description of the sources and methods used by OECD member countries in calculating the monetary aggregates, credit and other measures of domestic finance presented in Main Economic Indicators.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162327-en
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    Valoriser le travail : Fiscalité, prestations sociales, emploi et chômage (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262317
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p)
    Series Statement: La stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262317-fr
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  • 50
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    Essai n 213: Abeille domestique, essai de toxicité aigue͏̈ par voie orale (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070172
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 213; Honeybees, Acute Oral Toxicity Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 213: Honeybees, Acute Oral Toxicity Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice décrit une méthode d'essai en laboratoire, conçue pour évaluer la toxicité aiguë par voie orale, des pesticides et d'autres produits chimiques, pour des abeilles domestiques ouvrières adultes. Des abeilles domestiques ouvrières adultes sont exposées à cinq doses de la substance d'essai (appartenant à une série géométrique) dispersée dans une solution de saccharose. Trois groupes au minimum d'essai identiques, chacun de dix abeilles, devraient être dosés avec chaque concentration d'essai. Un étalon de toxicité (habituellement diméthoate) devrait être inclus dans la série d'essai. Les abeilles reçoivent ensuite la même alimentation, exempte de substance d'essai. L'essai limite correspond à un niveau de dose de 100 μg de substance active/abeille. La mortalité est enregistrée quotidiennement pendant au moins 48 heures et comparée aux valeurs contrôles. Si le taux de mortalité augmente entre 24 et 48h tandis que la mortalité des témoins demeure à un niveau acceptable, il est approprié de prolonger la durée de l'essai jusqu’à un maximum de 96 heures. Le rapport d'étude inclut la quantité de solution alimentaire consommée par groupe et l'observation de tous les comportements anormaux. Les résultats sont analysés afin de calculer le DL50 à 24h et à 48h et, au cas où l'étude serait prolongée, à 72h et à 96h.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070172-fr
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    STI Revue, Volume 1998 Numéro 1 : Politique de l'innovation et de la technologie : nouveaux fondements et nouvelles approches (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263512
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. STI Review, Volume 1998 Issue 1; Special Issue on New Rationale and Approaches in Technology and Innovation Policy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. STI Review, Volume 1998 Issue 1: Special Issue on New Rationale and Approaches in Technology and Innovation Policy
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263512-fr
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    Societal Cohesion and the Globalising Economy : What Does the Future Hold? (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163874
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: As economic globalisation runs its seemingly relentless course, the demands on OECD economies' flexibility are set to increase still further in the years to come. What kind of society will be able to cope with these pressures? How much and what kinds of adaptability will be required of individuals, institutions and enterprises? What forces will hold OECD societies together in an environment shaped by intense international competition and fast-moving technological change? This publication looks into the prospects for societal cohesion in tomorrow's world. It assesses the long-run implications of continuing with the current set of policies, and examines ideas that may help societies strike a sustainable balance between economic flexibility and a cohesive social fabric.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163874-en
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    STI Revue, Volume 1997 Numéro 2 : Aides publiques à l'industrie (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262522
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. STI Review, Volume 1997 Issue 2; Special Issue on Public Transport to Industry
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. STI Review, Volume 1997 Issue 2: Special Issue on Public Transport to Industry
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262522-fr
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    Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Pays-Bas 1997 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262553
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.24
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Netherlands 1997
    Keywords: Development ; Netherlands
    Abstract: Les Pays-Bas sont depuis longtemps parmi les bailleurs de fonds les plus performants, aussi bien par le volume de leur aide publique au développement (APD) que par le soin avec lequel elle a été utilisée et la constante recherche d'une plus grande efficacité. Lors de l'examen triennal de la politique et du programme d'aide des Pays-Bas auquel il a procédé, le Comité d'aide au développement (CAD) s'est tout particulièrement intéressé à la réorganisation ambitieuse, voire téméraire, entreprise en 1996 par les Pays-Bas dans leur dispositif de coopération pour le développement. Cette refonte porte aussi bien sur le processus budgétaire que sur la structure des postes au ministère des Affaires étrangères et dans les ambassades auprès des pays bénéficiaires. Le CAD a également apprécié l'intention des Pays-Bas de concentrer leur action sur l'éradication de la pauvreté par le développement économique et social. L'effort d'APD des Pays-Bas, qui avait fléchi entre 1986 et 1994 en pourcentage du PNB, s'est renforcé entre 1994 et 1996. En 1996, les Pays-Bas se sont classés au quatrième rang des Membres du CAD par leur rapport APD/PNB et au cinquième par le volume absolu de leur aide. Le Comité a félicité les Pays-Bas pour ces résultats et exprimé l'espoir de voir se poursuivre le travail de sensibilisation et d'information du public, grâce auquel l'aide recueille déjà un large soutien dans l'opinion publique néerlandaise. Les examens en matière de coopération pour le développement programmés pour 1998 porteront sur les Membres du CAD suivants : Canada, Espagne, Etats-Unis, Allemagne, Communauté européenne, Finlande et Luxembourg.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262553-fr
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    Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Belgique 1997 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262461
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.23
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Belgium 1997
    Keywords: Development ; Belgium
    Abstract: Confronté depuis quelques années à de sérieux problèmes, le système belge de coopération pour le développement est aujourd'hui à un tournant critique. Un plan d'action a été élaboré par le Secrétaire d'Etat à la Coopération et des réformes fondamentales ont été entreprises. Ce plan d'action, intitulé "Annoncer la couleur -- Plan d'avenir pour la coopération belge au développement", a été favorablement accueilli par le Comité d'aide au développement (CAD) de l'OCDE. Lors de son examen triennal de la politique et du programme d'aide de la Belgique le Comité a également pris note de la volonté du Secrétaire d'Etat de concevoir un programme de coopération qui dépasse le cadre des considérations économiques et sociales, et tienne pleinement compte des valeurs fondamentales de la société. Compte tenu des pratiques optimales en usage parmi les donneurs, le Comité s'est déclaré favorable à différentes mesures susceptibles d'augmenter l'efficience et l'efficacité du programme belge de coopération pour le développement : accroître l'efficacité par une plus grande décentralisation des tâches d'exécution et contrôler l'efficience grâce à une politique active de suivi, d'évaluation et de rétroaction des résultats ; améliorer la qualification du personnel en renforcant les formations sur les thèmes-clés du développement et en instaurant un système de rotation entre le siège et les représentations locales ; élaborer des stratégies par pays basées sur une approche de partenariat ; concentrer les efforts de coopération technique sur le renforcement des capacités locales. Au cours de l'année 1998 des examens de politique en matière de coopération pour le développement sont prévus pour les Membres du CAD suivants : Canada, Espagne, Etats-Unis, Allemagne, Communauté européenne, Finlande et Luxembourg.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262461-fr
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    Regulatory Reform in the Global Economy : Asian and Latin American Perspectives (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163157
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: As border barriers to international trade and investment continue to be reduced thanks to liberalisation efforts, "behind-the-border" barriers -- which are typically regulations aiming at achieving domestic objectives such as health, safety, environmental or consumer protection -- are increasingly recognised as impeding trade and competition. The OECD project on regulatory reform has undertaken to tackle these new trade problems. This Workshop is aimed at expanding the horizon to dynamic economies outside the OECD area, particularly those in Asia and Latin America. What are the regulatory reform challenges for those economies, and how can they remain competitive in a global economy? How effectively can international mechanisms help them? The discussion revealed that regulatory reform has undoubtedly become a truly "global issue". This proceedings volume examines the role regulatory failures played in Asia's economic crisis, looks at regional trade groupings such as Mercosur and sheds light on the current international debate on food regulation as well as on the latest developments concerning the Information Technology Agreeement (ITA).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163157-en
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    Fostering Entrepreneurship (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163713
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The OECD Jobs Strategy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stimuler l'esprit d'entreprise
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: What is "entrepreneurship"? It is much more than the competition and risk taking of starting your own business. Enterprises create jobs and wealth. Without the dynamism they bring to the economy, the challenges of globalisation and structural change would be all but insurmountable. Fostering entrepreneurship means channelling entrepreneurial drive into a dynamic process which takes advantage of all the opportunities the economy can provide. This book analyses the factors that favour entrepreneurship and the obstacles that hinder it. It is the first to provide an international synthesis of entrepreneurship policies undertaken in countries as diverse as Australia, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the United States. Despite varying degrees of entrepreneurship from one country to another, international comparisons show that success comes from a synergy between a conducive institutional environment, well-designed government programmes and supportive cultural factors. To flourish, entrepreneurship requires efficient financial markets, a flexible labour market, a simpler and more transparent corporate taxation system and bankruptcy rules better adapted to the realities of the business world. This book examines experiences in all of these fields, as well as addressing the increasingly important roles played by local and regional authorities, the contribution of entrepreneurship in the non-profit sector, and the emergence of entrepreneurship in transition economies. Clearly, the right balance between these factors is not easy to strike. But strike it we must, because fostering entrepreneurship is not only a major economic imperative but also an urgent challenge that must be met to reconcile the goals of economic growth and social cohesion. This book is the most recent in a series on the OECD Jobs Strategy and an integral part of this international organisation’s broader mission to develop public policies to help OECD economies adapt to structural change and globalisation. This publication was prepared under the supervision of the OECD’s Territorial Development Service.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163713-en
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    Sustainable Management of Water in Agriculture : Issues and Policies - The Athens Workshop (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163225
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Pressure on the quantity and quality of water from agriculture is a concern in many OECD countries. But the use of water in agriculture is essential to meet growing demands for food, and also provides environmental and social benefits. Key questions for policy makers are how to ensure the sustainable management of water resources in agriculture through coherent policies in the areas of agriculture, water and the environment.The Athens Workshop helped to illustrate what needs to be done to manage water sustainably in agriculture, in particular through reviewing the experiences in OECD countries. The main conclusions are: continuing the reform of agricultural policies; improving the transparency of water management policies; enhancing water pricing mechanisms; ensuring that all stakeholders are involved in policy formulation; and undertaking cost-benefit analysis in the design of water projects, taking into account environmental considerations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163225-en
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    Women Entrepreneurs in Small and Medium Enterprises (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162785
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: In the current era of globalisation, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are recognised as major players in innovation and job creation. Furthermore, entrepreneurship is no longer a male preserve: although few women can be found at the head of large companies, an increasing number are taking up the challenge of creating and managing their own businesses. This conference proceedings explores the phenomenon of women entrepreneurs in small and medium entreprises, examining such issues as governmental support, networks, doing business overseas, starting businesses, and financing.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162785-en
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    Migration, Free Trade and Regional Integration in North America (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163812
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Trade liberalisation is necessary but not sufficient to provide the conditions under which migration flows are significantly reduced. Co-ordinated measures must therefore be undertaken to promote technological catch-up, the development of physical infrastructure and investment in human capital. Against a background of sustained development accompanied by significant employment creation, the incentive to emigrate could decline. This publication explores the links between trade liberalisation and migration movements in North America and discusses the issue of whether the free circulation of persons accompany the successive stages of regional economic integration or whether it is an important objective to be achieved only once economic convergence has reached a sufficiently high level. The authors conclude that restrictions on movement are likely to continue into the future and that the lack of free movement does not constitute an obstacle to regional economic integration. Within this context, the need for balanced migration policies which take account of concerns about the economic consequences and social welfare of both sending and receiving countries will remain on the agenda for the foreseeable future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163812-en
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    SATIF-3 Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities : Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 12-13 May 1997 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162631
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (368 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Japan
    Abstract: Particle accelerators have evolved over the last 50 years from simple devices to powerful machines, and will continue to have an important impact on research, technology and lifestyle. Today, they cover a wide range of applications, from television and computer displays in households to the investigation of the origin and structure of matter. It has become common practice to use them for material science and medical applications. In recent years, requirements from new technological and research applications have emerged, giving rise to new radiation shielding aspects and problems. These proceedings review recent progress in radiation shielding of accelerator facilities, evaluate advancements and discuss further developments needed with respect to international co-operation in this field.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162631-en
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  • 62
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    OECD Financial Statistics : Part 1 Section 2 January 1998 = Statistiques financières de l'OCDE : Partie 1 Section 2 janvier 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264062085
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (58 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264062085-en-fr
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Mexico 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162594
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Mexique 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Mexique 1998
    Keywords: Environment ; Mexico
    Abstract: This review of Mexico's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162594-en
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    Panorama de la législation nucléaire en Europe centrale et orientale et dans les NEI (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262577
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Overview of Nuclear Legislation in Central and Eastern Europe and the NIS
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Cette publication analyse la législation et la réglementation régissant les utilisations pacifiques de l'énergie nucléaire en Europe de l'Est. Elle couvre onze pays d'Europe centrale et orientale et cinq pays appartenant à la Communauté des États Indépendants. Les chapitres consacrés à chaque pays pris individuellement ont été rédigés selon un plan uniforme destiné à faciliter la recherche et la comparaison de l'information. Cette publication continuera à faire l'objet de mises à jour régulières. Arménie Lettonie Bélarus Lituanie Bulgarie Pologne Croatie République slovaque Estonie République tchèque Fédération de Russie Roumanie Hongrie Slovénie Kazakstan Ukraine
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262577-fr
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    Pour l'ouverture des marchés : Les avantages de la libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262935
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Open Markets Matter; The Benefits of Trade and Investment Liberalisation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Open Markets Matter: The Benefits of Trade and Investment Liberalisation
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: L'ouverture des marchés offre des avantages tangibles. Au cours de la dernière décennie, les pays les plus ouverts aux échanges et à l'investissement ont enregistré une croissance annuelle moyenne deux fois supérieure à celle des économies plus fermées. Les individus, les entreprises et les pays sont plus nombreux que jamais à dépendre des gains de la libéralisation du commerce et de l'investissement. Cependant, l'intégration accrue des marchés suscite toujours de l'inquiétude. Un engagement durable des pays en faveur de la libéralisation est indispensable pour assurer la prospérité mondiale sur le long terme. Pour être crédible, cet engagement doit être légitimé par un large soutien public, fondé sur la compréhension de ses enjeux. Il est d'autant plus important de faire savoir ce que la libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement peut ou ne peut pas accomplir et ce dont elle peut être tenue pour responsable. La libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement n'est pas un processus indolore. Il ne faut pas la considérer comme une panacée ni comme une fin en soi. Néanmoins, elle constitue une composante essentielle de tout ensemble de politiques cohérent visant à aider les sociétés à s'ajuster -- afin d'en tirer profit -- aux transformations qu'induit le progrès technique, dont le rythme et l'ampleur sont sans précédent. Face à des enjeux aussi importants, cette publication examine les diverses voies qu'empruntent les marchés ouverts pour dispenser des bénéfices considérables aux sociétés et à leurs citoyens. Elle souligne les coûts monétaires du protectionnisme pour chacun et traite l'ensemble des préoccupations qui occupent une place importante dans le débat actuel sur les conséquences de la libéralisation des marchés pour l'emploi, la répartition du revenu, la protection de l'environnement et la souveraineté nationale. Cette étude délivre un message essentiel : la libéralisation n'est pas la cause première des inquiétudes des citoyens mais en constitue l'un des remèdes. Cette analyse exhaustive des tenants et des aboutissants de la libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement devrait apporter une contribution majeure au débat public. Elle constitue une lecture indispensable pour les fonctionnaires, les dirigeants du monde des affaires et les particuliers qui souhaitent y prendre une part active.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262935-fr
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  • 66
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    Principaux indicateurs économiques - Sources et méthodes : Statistiques sur la main-d'oeuvre et sur les salaires (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262331
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (262 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Main Economic Indicators - Sources and Methods; Labour and Wage Statistics
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Main Economic Indicators - Sources and Methods: Labour and Wage Statistics
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage fournit une description détaillée des sources et méthodes utilisées par les pays de l’OCDE pour rassembler les indicateurs publiés sur la main-d’œuvre et les salaires figurant dans les Principaux indicateurs économiques.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262331-fr
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  • 67
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    Estudios Económicos de la OCDE: México 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264451346
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Mexico 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; Mexique 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Mexico 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : Mexique 1998
    Keywords: Economics ; Mexico
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264451346-es
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  • 68
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    Open Markets Matter : The Benefits of Trade and Investment Liberalisation (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162938
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pour l'ouverture des marchés ; Les avantages de la libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pour l'ouverture des marchés : Les avantages de la libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: The benefits of open markets are tangible. In the last decade, countries that have been more open to trade and investment have achieved double the average annual growth of more closed economies. More individuals, firms and nations than ever before depend on the gains from trade and investment liberalisation. Yet anxiety about the effects of greater market integration remains. It is essential for long-term world prosperity that countries' commitment to trade and investment liberalisation be sustained. To be credible, that commitment must be rooted in and enjoy broad public support and understanding. This makes it all the more important to communicate what trade and investment liberalisation can and cannot do and be held responsible for. Trade and investment liberalisation is not painless. It should not be viewed as a cure-all nor presented as an end in itself. It is, however, an essential component of any coherent set of policies aimed at helping societies adjust to - and take advantage of - technology-driven transformations whose pace and depth are unprecedented. The stakes are high. This book examines the various channels through which open markets deliver considerable benefits to societies and their citizens; recalls the real pocket-book costs of protectionism; and addresses the full range of concerns that feature prominently in ongoing discussions over the effects of market liberalisation on employment, income distribution, environmental protection and national sovereignty. A central message of this book is that liberalisation forms part of the solution to the concerns of citizens, rather than being their root cause. The book's comprehensive treatment of the ins and outs of trade and investment liberalisation should make an important contribution to the public debate. It is essential reading for public officials, business leaders and private citizens who wish to take an active part in it.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162938-en
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  • 69
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    Test No. 408: Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070707
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (10 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 408; Toxicité orale à doses répétées - rongeurs; 90 jours
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 408: Toxicité orale à doses répétées - rongeurs: 90 jours
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This method provides information on health hazard likely to arise from exposure to test substance via oral administration. The determination of sub-chronic oral toxicity using repeated doses may be carried out after initial information on toxicity has been obtained from acute or repeated dose 28-day toxicity tests. The method is based on the repeated oral administration of the substance of interest over a prolonged period (one dose level daily during 90 days). This Test Guideline is intended primarily for use with rodents (rat preferably). At least 20 animals (10 female and 10 male) should be used for each test group. Three concentrations, at least, should be used. The test compound is administered by gavage or via the diet or drinking water. A limit test may be performed if no effects would be expected at a dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/d. The results of this study include: measurements (weighing at least once a week, food and water consumption) and daily and detailed observations (ophtalmological examination, haematology, clinical biochemistry and urinalysis), each day preferably at the same time; as well as gross necropsy and histopathology. A number of endocrine-related measurements, particularly relevant to thyoid function have been added in 2018. A properly conducted 90-day subchronic test should provide a satisfactory estimation of a no-effect level.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070707-en
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  • 70
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    Human Capital Investment : An international Comparison (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162891
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'investissement dans le capital humain ; Une comparaison internationale
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'investissement dans le capital humain : Une comparaison internationale
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Investment in human capital is to the fore of debate and analysis in OECD countries about how to promote economic prosperity, fuller employment, and social cohesion. Individuals, organisations and nations increasingly recognise that high levels of knowledge, skills and competencies are essential to their future security and success. Investment in skills and competencies takes place in a variety of settings ranging from early childhood education to informal learning in the workplace, and involves a wide range of actors from individuals to enterprises and governments. This report aims to clarify what is now known about human capital and how it can be measured. It responds to a request by governments represented in the OECD Council "to develop an initial set of indicators of human capital investment based on existing data, analyse areas where significant gaps remain in internationally comparable data, identify the cost of development of data collection for new measures and performance indicators, and report to Ministers in 1998".
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162891-en
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    Technology, productivity and job creation : best policy practices; [unemployment in the OECD area, 1950 - 1999] (1998)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9264163417
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: The OECD jobs strategy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Technology, productivity and job creation
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi technologie, productivité et création d'emplois
    RVK:
    QV 200
    Keywords: OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Arbeitslosigkeit
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163416-en
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  • 72
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    Investment Guides: Kazakhstan 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163546
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Investment Guides
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    QG 480
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services ; Kazakhstan ; Kasachstan ; Wirtschaft ; Kasachstan ; Auslandsinvestition ; Recht
    Abstract: Since 1991, Kazakhstan, which is one of the two largest Central Asian republics, had attracted foreign direct investment worth US$4 billion by 1998. Whilst most of this investment has been in the energy and mineral sectors, there are also significant opportunities in other sectors of the economy. The Investment Guide for Kazakhstan has been prepared with three objectives in mind: firstly, to identify areas of opportunity for foreign investors; secondly to provide information about the historical, political, economic, financial and legal framework; and thirdly to help foreign direct investors from OECD Member countries draw balanced conclusions about the investment climate. The overview chapter contains constructive policy suggestions on the future attraction of foreign investment for the attention of the Government of Kazakhstan.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163546-en
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  • 73
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    Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Italie 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263635
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education; Italy 1998
    Keywords: Education ; Italy
    Abstract: Le système éducatif italien est engagé dans une grande réforme dont l'objet est d'améliorer et d'intégrer l'acquisition des connaissances à l'école, à l'université et dans les organisations régionales de formation afin de répondre aux exigences d'une société et d'une économie en constante mutation en matière de savoir, de qualifications et de diplômes. Les changements radicaux qui se dessinent comprendront la décentralisation des attributions administratives et une autonomie plus grande des écoles. Ils devraient permettre aux acteurs de terrain de s'adapter avec plus de souplesse à la diversité des besoins individuels et locaux comme à ceux des entreprises, tout en rendant plus efficace l'utilisation des fonds et des technologies disponibles. L'un des volets essentiels de la réforme sera aussi d'encourager les processus d'évaluation ainsi qu'une responsabilisation accrue dans tout le système. Les examinateurs de l'OCDE approuvent les objectifs de cette réforme et suggèrent un certain nombre de stratégies pour étayer leur réalisation. Il est nécessaire, soulignent-ils, que l'ensemble de la société adhère à ces objectifs et que toutes les parties prenantes se mobilisent pour accomplir les vastes transformations prévues.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263635-fr
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    Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE : Fédération de Russie 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263123
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Review of Agricultural Policies; Russian Federation 1998
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: L'éclatement de l'Union soviétique en 1991 a été pour la Russie le point de départ d'une transition longue et laborieuse vers une économie de marché. Bien que des progrès considérables aient été réalisés en termes de libéralisation de l'économie, certaines difficultés subsistent dans le secteur agroalimentaire. La Russie possède un potentiel économique énorme et l'économie rurale continuera d'être un maillon essentiel de sa structure économique et sociale pendant une bonne partie du XXI ème siècle. Mais pour concrétiser ce potentiel, la Russie doit favoriser le développement et la mise en place de mécanismes de régulation du marché efficaces et éliminer les obstacles structurels qui empêchent l'émergence d'un secteur agroalimentaire puissant et compétitif. Cette étude constitue l'une des analyses et des évaluations les plus approfondies de l'évolution des politiques agricoles en Russie depuis le début de la réforme. Elle s'appuie sur la méthode bien établie des équivalents subvention à la production et à la consommation utilisée par l'OCDE dans le calcul du soutien accordé à l'agriculture.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263123-fr
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    The Steel Market in 1997 and the Outlook for 1998 and 1999 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163737
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
    DOI: 10.1787/steel_outlook-1998-en
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  • 76
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    National Accounts : Main Aggregates 1960/1996 Volume 1 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264062139
    Language: English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
    DOI: 10.1787/na_vol_1-1998-en-fr
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  • 77
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    Environmental Financing in the Russian Federation (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163119
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Environment ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: In Russia, there has been a severe lack of financing for environmental projects in recent years. Traditional sources of financing, such as government budgets, lack resources in this time of crisis, while new sources have yet to develop their potential. How can Russia finance the projects and programmes to tackle its most serious environmental problems? This volume brings together papers from an OECD workshop that assessed the challenges and opportunities of environmental financing in Russia today. Its case studies focus on the regional and local levels of government, which have taken over the main work of implementing environmental policy in Russia today. The book also looks at the water sector, which has traditionally required large public investments. The papers examine how current financial mechanisms can be used more effectively and consider opportunities for new sources of financing in Russia's current transition to a market economy. Furthermore, they point to key areas for reforming Russia's environmental policy framework.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163119-en
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    Institutional Investors in the New Financial Landscape (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163065
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (492 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: Institutional investors (insurance companies, investment companies and pension funds) have been gaining in importance in both OECD and non-OECD countries. The institutionalisation of savings is having a profound impact on the structure and functioning of capital markets. Institutional investors are the main forces shaping the new financial landscape. This publication gives a comprehensive overview of the major driving forces behind recent trends, future prospects, financial market implications as well as regulatory and supervisory challenges related to the rise in institutional assets.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163065-en
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    Capital Market Development in Transition Economies : Country Experiences and Policies for the Future (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163676
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Central and Eastern Europe and Russia have been actively building capital markets since the beginning of the transition period in 1990. Since that time, these countries have created or re-established equity markets and actively developed government securities markets. In some cases, corporate bond markets have also begun to flourish. Yet, many problems remain in achieving desired levels of efficiency, transparency and stability. For the first time, the evolution of both equity and securities markets in these countries is critically evaluated. The policy choices for promoting these objectives and further integration of the fledgling markets into the international capital markets are discussed, although they are not always straightforward and free of controversy. This book brings into focus some of the main obstacles on the road to building sound capital markets. Financial experts, economists from OECD member countries as well as government officials from several central and eastern European countries and Russia describe strategic choices and policy options based on their experiences with different privatisation methods, regulatory approaches and government debt management policies. The presentation of actual experiences and policy challenges encountered by government officials in creating and regulating securities markets -- in particular, very frank accounts by Russian and Czech officials of attempts to combat fraudulent practices of certain market participants -- makes this book unique.The range of lessons found here will provide support for countries currently in market turmoil and insights on the process of building capital markets for policymakers, academics and market participants.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163676-en
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    Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Portugal 1997 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262195
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.22
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Portugal 1997
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews: Portugal 1997
    Keywords: Development ; Portugal
    Abstract: Le programme portugais de coopération pour le développement se caractérise par la place privilégiée qu'il accorde, dans ses activités bilatérales, aux pays lusophones d'Afrique. Cela reflète l'étroitesse de liens historiques, linguistiques et culturels, unissant le Portugal à ces pays, qui comptent actuellement parmi les pays les moins avancés. Depuis peu, le Portugal privilégie deux nouveaux axes de coopération pour le développement. Le développement du secteur privé, d'une part, s'appuie sur les réformes économiques opérées avec le soutien des institutions internationales et sur les instruments susceptibles de favoriser la participation du secteur privé portugais. Le renforcement des systèmes de gestion publique des pays lusophones d'Afrique, d'autre part, tout en mettant plus particulièrement l'accent sur les systèmes juridiques et judiciaires, s'étend également aux institutions parlementaires, aux systèmes électoraux, aux administrations locales et à la fourniture de conseils sur des questions d'ordre constitutionnel. Cet examen du programme portugais par le Comité d'aide au développement de l'OCDE (CAD) souligne que le Portugal pourrait jouer un rôle plus important encore, notamment en Angola et au Mozambique, où la fin des conflits appelle de toute urgence une action dans le domaine du développement. Il prend note de la création récente d'une Communauté des pays de langue portugaise (la CPLP), intégrant le Brésil, destinée à renforcer le dialogue et les efforts mutuels de développement. Au cours de l'année 1997, des examens de politique en matière de coopération pour le développement sont prévus pour la France, la Belgique, les Pays-Bas et le Royaume-Uni.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262195-fr
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    Les technologies du XXIe siècle : Promesses et périls d'un futur dynamique (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263536
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. 21st Century Technologies; Promises and Perils of a Dynamic Future
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. 21st Century Technologies: Promises and Perils of a Dynamic Future
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Les décennies à venir sont porteuses de progrès remarquables dans de nombreuses technologies à vocation universelle. Notre façon de vivre, de travailler, ainsi que nos loisirs devraient en être profondément remodelés. Les technologies vont révolutionner la médecine, l'agriculture, les voyages, le commerce de détail... des bouleversements qui toucheront le coeur même de notre vie quotidienne. Si elle utilise ces technologies à bon escient, l'humanité pourra retirer des bienfaits immenses. Dans le cas contraire, ce seront autant d'opportunités manquées et de risques inutiles. L'enjeu est donc de taille pour la société. Quel coût cela entraînerait-il, si nous rations le coche du changement dynamique ? Quels problèmes éthiques les nouvelles avancées du génie génétique vont-elles poser ? La diffusion des nouvelles technologies créera-t-elle de nouvelles divisions sociales ? Quels types de sociétés seront les mieux armés pour exploiter ce vaste potentiel ? Quelle voie la coopération internationale doit-elle suivre pour tirer le plus grand profit des retombées de la technologie ? Cette étude passe en revue les promesses extraordinaires qu'annoncent les vingt prochaines années. Elle prend la mesure de questions essentielles -- économiques, sociales, environnementales ou éthiques -- auxquelles les décideurs du secteur public, du secteur des entreprises et de la société devront faire face pour écarter les incertitudes de la technologie et transformer ses promesses en réalités.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263536-fr
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    Se nourrir demain : Perspectives à long terme du secteur agro-alimentaire (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262003
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Future of Food; Long-term Prospects for the Agro-food Sector
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Future of Food: Long-term Prospects for the Agro-food Sector
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Economics
    Abstract: Le secteur agro-alimentaire des pays de l'OCDE se dirige vers une période de turbulence et de transition. D'ici vingt ans, la physionomie des marchés alimentaires dans l'OCDE aura radicalement changé sous l'effet de la demande croissante dans les pays en développement, de la réduction des barrières au commerce et à l'investissemnt, et de la diversification rapide des goûts et des préférences des consommateurs. Doit-on craindre des pénuries alimentaires ? Comment réagiront les prix ? Quels changements attendre en matière de transformation alimentaire et de commerce de détail ? Y aura-t-il davantage de coopération entre les différents acteurs de l'industrie agro-alimentaire, davantage de concentration, davantage de concurrence ? Pour mieux saisir ces défis, ce rapport explore les perspectives du secteur agro-alimentaire à l'horizon 2010-2020 et examine l'ensemble de nouvelles questions de fond qui attendent gouvernements, industriels, exploitants agricoles et consommateurs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262003-fr
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  • 83
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    Institutional investors in the new financial landscape (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264163069
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Institutional investors in the new financial landscape
    RVK:
    QK 620
    RVK:
    QK 800
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; OECD ; Institutioneller Anleger ; Internationaler Kreditmarkt
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163065-en
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  • 84
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    Test No. 214: Honeybees, Acute Contact Toxicity Test (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070189
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (7 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 214; Abeille domestique, essai de toxicité aigue͏̈ par contact
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 214: Abeille domestique, essai de toxicité aigue͏̈ par contact
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is a laboratory test method, designed to assess the acute contact toxicity of pesticides and other chemicals to adult worker honeybees. Anaesthetized adult worker honeybees are exposed to five doses in a geometric series of the test substance dissolved in appropriate carrier (in total a volume of 1 ml), by direct application to the thorax (droplets). A minimum of three replicate test groups, each of ten bees, should be dosed with each test concentration. A toxic standard (usually dimethoate) should be included in the test series. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 100 ìg active ingredient/bee. The test duration is 48h. Mortality is recorded daily during at least 48 hours and compared with control values. If the mortality rate is increasing between 24 and 48h whilst control mortality remains at an accepted level, it is appropriate to extend the duration of the test to a maximum of 96h. The results are analysed in order to calculate the LD50 at 24h and 48h and, in case the study is prolonged, at 72h and 96h.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070189-en
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  • 85
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    L' investissement dans le capital humain : Une comparaison internationale (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262898
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Human Capital Investment; An international Comparison
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Human Capital Investment: An international Comparison
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: L'investissement dans le capital humain se situe au coeur du débat et de l'analyse, en cours dans les pays de l'OCDE, sur les moyens de promouvoir prospérité économique, plein emploi et cohésion sociale. Les individus, les organisations et les pays prennent progressivement conscience que les connaissances, les qualifications et les compétences acquises constituent un atout essentiel pour leur sécurité et leur réussite à venir. L'investissement dans les qualifications et les compétences s'inscrit dans un ensemble diversifié de paramètres allant de l'éducation préscolaire à l'apprentissage informel en entreprise, et fait intervenir une multitude d'acteurs, au nombre desquels les individus, les entreprises et les pouvoirs publics. L'objectif de ce rapport est de mettre en lumière ce que l'on sait aujourd'hui sur le capital humain et sur les moyens de le mesurer. Il répond à la demande des gouvernements représentés au Conseil de l'OCDE de « mettre au point une première série d'indicateurs de l'investissement en capital humain sur la base des données existantes, d'analyser les domaines dans lesquels on manque encore largement de données comparables au niveau international, de déterminer le coût des travaux et de la collecte des données nécessaires à de nouveaux indicateurs de performance et autres mesures et de faire rapport aux ministres en 1998 » .
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262898-fr
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  • 86
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    Essai n 212: Poisson, essai de toxicité à court terme aux stades de l'embryon et de l'alevin (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070158
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 212; Fish, Short-term Toxicity Test on Embryo and Sac-Fry Stages
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 212: Fish, Short-term Toxicity Test on Embryo and Sac-Fry Stages
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cet essai de toxicité à court terme chez le poisson aux stades de l'embryon et de l'alevin consiste à exposer les stades compris entre l'oeuf qui vient d'être fécondé et la fin du stade de l'alevin. Les stades de l'embryon et de l’alevin des poissons sont exposés à cinq concentrations de la substance d'essai dissoute dans l'eau. Selon la nature de la substance d'essai, il est possible d’utiliser un essai semi-statique ou dynamique. L'essai débute quand on place au moins trente oeufs fécondés divisés en nombre égal entre au moins trois compartiments d’essai identiques pour chaque concentration. Il se termine juste avant que le sac vitellin d’une quelconque larve d’un quelconque compartiment ait été complètement absorbé ou avant que les poissons témoins ne meurent d’inanition. Les effets létaux et sublétaux sont évalués et comparés aux valeurs contrôles pour déterminer la concentration minimale avec effet observé et la concentration sans effet observé. Alternativement, ils peuvent être analysés en utilisant un modèle de régression afin d'estimer la concentration qui provoquerait un certain pourcentage d'effet. Le rapport d'étude inclut le comptage quotidien de la progéniture, l'enregistrement quotidien de la mortalité parentale, la mesure hebdomadaire de la concentration en oxygène, de la température, des valeurs du pH, et la détermination des concentrations de la substance d'essai. Elle devrait également inclure les observations d’apparence anormale, de comportement anormal, de l’éclosion et de la survie.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070158-fr
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  • 87
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    The Arrangement on Guidelines for Officially Supported Export Credits (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264189874
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Arrangement relatif à des lignes directrices pour les crédits à l'exportation bénéficiant d'un soutien public
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This is the 1998 Arrangement. The main purpose of the Arrangement is to provide the institutional framework for an orderly export credit market; it aims to prevent an export credit race in which exporting countries compete on the basis of who grants the most favourable financing terms rather than on the basis of the price and quality of the product. The Arrangement sets limits on the terms and conditions for export credits involving credit terms of two years or more - that is, that are insured, guaranteed, extended, refinanced or subsidised by or through export credit agencies. In addition to providing a framework for official export credits, the Arrangement sets out rules for tied aid and for risk-based premium fees. The Arrangement is a gentlemen's agreement; it is not an OECD legal Act. The Participants to the Arrangement are most OECD Member countries
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264189874-en
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  • 88
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    Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Mexique 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262591
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Mexico 1998
    Keywords: Environment ; Mexico
    Abstract: Ce rapport consacré au Mexique évalue les progrès accomplis ou à faire dans la réduction de la charge polluante, la gestion des ressources naturelles, l'intégration des politiques économique et environnementale et le renforcement de la coopération internationale. Les analyses s'appuient sur un large ensemble de données économiques et environnementales.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262591-fr
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  • 89
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    Investment Guides: Latvia 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162921
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Investment Guides
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    QG 472
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services ; Latvia
    Abstract: Since 1991, the Latvian Government has conscientiously instituted a number of reforms which led to an increase in the level of foreign investment. Over 1996, foreign investment rose by 60 per cent, and foreign direct investment stocks amounted to US$ 269 per capita at the start of 1997. This places Latvia among the region's leaders in terms of its ability to attract foreign investment. The Government must, however, continue to improve the business environment. The Investment Guide for Latvia has been prepared with three objectives in mind : firstly, to identify those areas of economic activity which present opportunities for foreign investors; secondly, to provide the investor with comprehensive information relating to the historical, political, economic, financial and legal framework, essential for sound and secured foreign investment; thirdly, to draw on the experiences of the foreign investors in Latvia, and to conclude with an assessment of the business, investment and regulatory environment. This assessment will focus on areas within the legal framework and structure which need greater transparency, predictability and efficiency.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162921-en
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  • 90
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    Investment Guides: Lithuania 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163683
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Investment Guides
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    QG 472
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services ; Lithuania
    Abstract: Since 1991, the Lithuanian Government has instituted a number of reforms which led to an increase in the level of foreign investment. The Investment Guide for Lithuania has been prepared with three objectives in mind : firstly, to identify those areas of economic activity which present opportunities for foreign investors; secondly, to provide the investor with comprehensive information relating to the historical, political, economic, financial and legal framework, essential for sound and secured foreign investment; thirdly, to draw on the experiences of the foreign investors in Lithuania, and to assess the business, investment and regulatory environment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163683-en
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  • 91
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    Science, Technology and Industry Outlook (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163447
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
    RVK:
    QP 210
    RVK:
    QG 010
    DOI: 10.1787/sti_outlook-1998-en
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  • 92
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    Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger : Brésil 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263147
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment; Brazil 1998
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Brazil
    Abstract: Le Brésil est sur le point de devenir l'un des plus importants pays d'accueil de l'investissement direct étranger (IDE) d'Amérique latine et du monde. L'attrait exercé par le Brésil s'est sensiblement accru grâce aux réformes économiques importantes et aux privatisations de grande envergure qui en ont fait le plus grand marché latino-américain ainsi qu'un acteur-clé du Mercosur. La propagation de la libéralisation, la restructuration de l'économie brésilienne et la poursuite de l'intégration économique devraient amplifier cette tendance dans les années à venir. Il y a tout lieu de se féliciter des politiques mises en place par le gouvernement du Brésil pour enrayer la discrimination à l'égard des investisseurs étrangers et de leurs investissements, protéger leurs actifs (tangibles ou intangibles) et créer des mécanismes de règlement des différends. Cette étude souligne cependant qu'un certain nombre d'inquiétudes subsistent en matière d'accès au secteur bancaire, de discrétion réglementaire ou administative et de barrières structurelles. Mais l'adhésion aux principes de libéralisation de l'OCDE sont de nature à consolider et conforter le gouvernment brésilien dans la voie des réformes, tout en offrant un cadre favorable à l'expansion des relations entre le Brésil et les pays de l'OCDE dans le domaine de l'IDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263147-fr
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  • 93
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    Investment Guides: Kyrgyz Republic 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163379
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Investment Guides
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    QG 480
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services ; Kyrgyzstan
    Abstract: Since 1991, the Kyrgyz Republic has made significant progress in offering an attractive environment to foreign investors. It has a stable political environment, low inflation, recent and projected growth rates of at least 6 per cent per annum, and has made significant improvements in the legal regime regulating foreign investment. The Republic had initially no foreign investments in 1991 but by the end of 1997 these approached $250 million. Substantial further investment is expected in mining, energy production, agri-business, light industry and tourism in the future. The Investment Guide for the Kyrgyz Republic has been prepared with three objectives: firstly, to identify the opportunities which are likely to interest foreign investors; secondly, to provide the investor with relevant information on the historical, political, economic, financial and legal framework, and thirdly to draw attention to areas of policy and legislation where additional measures will further increase its comparative advantages as an investment location.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163379-en
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  • 94
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    Trends in International Migration (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163485
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
    DOI: 10.1787/migr_outlook-1998-en
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  • 95
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    Activities of the Conference : Resolutions of the Council of Ministers of Transport and Reports Approved in 1997 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163843
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
    Series Statement: 44
    DOI: 10.1787/ecmt_conf-1997-en
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  • 96
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    Wage Determination in the Public Sector : A France/Italy Comparison No. 21 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162365
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Public Management Occasional Papers
    Keywords: Governance ; France ; Italy
    Abstract: Traditionally, pay analysis in the public sector has been based on cross section data, such as average or median wages. This study differs in that micro longitudinal data are used to explain and compare pay determination in the French and Italian civil services. Based on examples, the report presents different readings obtained from aggregate data and individual longitudinal data. It focuses on the weight of various components of human capital -- gender, age, year of birth, seniority, educational level -- on trends in civil servants' pay throughout working life. This type of analysis sheds new light in the area of human resource management in the civil service and, in particular, may be seen as a key tool for analysing gender pay discrimination.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162365-en
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  • 97
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Australia 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162693
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Australie 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Australie 1998
    Keywords: Environment ; Australia
    Abstract: This report evaluates Australia's progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162693-en
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  • 98
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    The Future of Food : Long-term Prospects for the Agro-food Sector (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162006
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Se nourrir demain ; Perspectives à long terme du secteur agro-alimentaire
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Se nourrir demain : Perspectives à long terme du secteur agro-alimentaire
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Economics
    Abstract: The agro-food sector in OECD countries is heading towards an era of turbulance and transition. With food demand in developing countries growing, barriers to trade and investment falling, and consumer tastes and preferences rapidly diversifying, the landscape of OECD food markets will be radically different 20 years from now. Are food shortages likely and what will happen to food prices? What changes will we see in food retailing and food processing? Will there be more co-operation between the various players in the agro-food industry, more concentration or more competition? To grasp these challenges, this report looks into the prospects for the agro-food sector to 2010-20 and examines the new generation of key issues that lie ahead for governments, business, farmers and consumers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162006-en
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  • 99
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    Improving the Environment through Reducing Subsidies : Part I: Summary and Conclusions - Part II: Analysis and Overview of Studies (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162679
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réduire les subventions pour améliorer l'environnement ; Partie I; Résumé et conclusions -- Partie II; Analyse et synthèse des études
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réduire les subventions pour améliorer l'environnement : Partie I: Résumé et conclusions -- Partie II: Analyse et synthèse des études
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Substantial amounts of money continue to be spent in OECD Member countries on measures to support agricultural, energy, transportation and industrial activities. Many of these support measures encourage the emission of environmentally-harmful pollutants, the generation of waste, and the excessive use of natural resources, and constitute a large drain on government budgets. In addition, much of the money spent on support may not reach the intended recipients as it can leak away to other sectors of the economy instead. As such, it is likely that the reform or removal of these subsidies could lead to "win-win" benefits through increased economic efficiency, reduced government spending and improved environmental quality. Building on the vast literature on the subject as well as on the available statistical data on subsidies, this publication summarises the results of an OECD study on how economic support measures actually affect the economy and, as a result, the environment. Although the effects of a given support measure on the environment will be determined by a number of different factors, this study finds that releasing market forces through support removal and increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of regulations can lead to significant environmental benefits. The report develops an analytical framework which enables policy makers to identify those support measures whose removal is most likely to lead to "win-win" benefits. It also offers recommendations to implementing reductions in environmentally-harmful subsidies -- especially those that run counter to environmental objectives that are shared by OECD Member countries -- and to overcome the often exaggerated fear of a loss in competitiveness.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162679-en
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  • 100
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    Australie (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 1998
    Series Statement: Examens des performances environnementales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Australia 1998
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262690-fr
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