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  • Bussolo, Maurizio  (5)
  • Iimi, Atsushi  (4)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (9)
  • Boston, MA : Safari
  • Economic Theory and Research  (9)
  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (26 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Bogetic, Zeljko Achieving Accelerated And Shared Growth In Ghana
    Keywords: Development Economics ; Development Goals ; Economic Theory and Research ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human capital ; Human development ; Macroeconomic stability ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Policy ReseaRch ; Policy packages ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public Sector Expenditure Analysis and Management ; Rapid growth ; Unskilled labor ; Development Economics ; Development Goals ; Economic Theory and Research ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human capital ; Human development ; Macroeconomic stability ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Policy ReseaRch ; Policy packages ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public Sector Expenditure Analysis and Management ; Rapid growth ; Unskilled labor ; Development Economics ; Development Goals ; Economic Theory and Research ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human capital ; Human development ; Macroeconomic stability ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Policy ReseaRch ; Policy packages ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public Sector Expenditure Analysis and Management ; Rapid growth ; Unskilled labor
    Abstract: This paper relies on the recently developed Maquette for Millennium Development Goals Simulations (MAMS) model to assess the consistency of alternative scaling-up and policy packages for growth and achievement of the Millennium Development Goals in Ghana. In the baseline scenario, Ghana's strong near and medium-term growth outlook puts it in a good position to achieve the poverty Millennium Development Goal ahead of schedule, but other goals are likely to remain elusive before 2015. In the accelerated growth scenario-which addresses the major gaps in water and sanitation and other infrastructure-even more rapid growth and poverty reduction are possible, but important targets in the areas of education, health, and environment remain unattainable. Although growth is complementary to achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, the authors also find important growth-human development trade-offs in the near term. The estimates show that the resource requirements for achieving the key Millennium Development Goals by 2015 are large, reaching US
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (44 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Procurement Efficiency For Infrastructure Development And Financial Needs Reassessed
    Keywords: Costs ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Em ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Infrastructure ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure development ; Infrastructure investment ; Infrastructure projects ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investments ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Road ; Roads ; Sanitation ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Costs ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Em ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Infrastructure ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure development ; Infrastructure investment ; Infrastructure projects ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investments ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Road ; Roads ; Sanitation ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Costs ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Em ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Infrastructure ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure development ; Infrastructure investment ; Infrastructure projects ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investments ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Road ; Roads ; Sanitation ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning
    Abstract: Infrastructure is the engine for economic growth. The international donor community has spent about 70-100 billion U.S. dollars on infrastructure development in developing countries every year. However, it is arguable whether these financial resources are used efficiently, particularly whether the current infrastructure procurement prices are appropriate. Without doubt a key is competition to curb public procurement costs. This paper analyzes procurement data from multi and bilateral official development projects in three infrastructure sectors: roads, electricity, and water and sanitation. The findings show that the competition effect is underutilized. To take full advantage of competition, at least seven bidders are needed in the road and water sectors, while three may be enough in the power sector. The paper also shows that not only competition, but also auction design, especially lot division, is crucial for reducing unit costs of infrastructure. Based on the estimated efficient unit costs, the annual financial needs are estimated at approximately 360 billion U.S. dollars. By promoting competition, the developing world might be able to save at most 8.2 percent of total infrastructure development costs
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  • 3
    Online Resource
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    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (33 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Bussolo, Maurizio Remittances And The Real Exchange Rate
    Keywords: Capital Inflow ; Consumption ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Domestic Economy ; Dutch Disease ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economies ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; External Financing ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Growth Rates ; International Markets ; Loss of Competitiveness ; Macroeconomic Management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Capital Inflow ; Consumption ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Domestic Economy ; Dutch Disease ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economies ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; External Financing ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Growth Rates ; International Markets ; Loss of Competitiveness ; Macroeconomic Management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Capital Inflow ; Consumption ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Domestic Economy ; Dutch Disease ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economies ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; External Financing ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Growth Rates ; International Markets ; Loss of Competitiveness ; Macroeconomic Management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: Existing empirical evidence indicates that remittances have a positive impact on a good number of development indicators of recipient countries. Yet when flows are too large relative to the size of the recipient economies, as those observed in a number of Latin American countries, they may also bring a number of undesired problems. Among those probably the most feared in this context is the Dutch Disease. This paper explores the empirical evidence regarding the impact of remittances on the real exchange rate. The findings suggest that remittances indeed appear to lead to a significant real exchange rate appreciation. The paper also explores policy options that may somewhat offset the observed effect
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (36 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Iimi, Atsushi What Is Missing Between Agricultural Growth And Infrastructure Development ?
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Capital Investment ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Economic Theory and Research ; Food and Beverage Industry ; Industry ; Infrastructure Development ; Infrastructures ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Road ; Roads ; Rural Infrastructure ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Transport Infrastructure ; Transport Network ; Transportation ; Agriculture ; Capital Investment ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Economic Theory and Research ; Food and Beverage Industry ; Industry ; Infrastructure Development ; Infrastructures ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Road ; Roads ; Rural Infrastructure ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Transport Infrastructure ; Transport Network ; Transportation ; Agriculture ; Capital Investment ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Economic Theory and Research ; Food and Beverage Industry ; Industry ; Infrastructure Development ; Infrastructures ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Road ; Roads ; Rural Infrastructure ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Transport Infrastructure ; Transport Network ; Transportation
    Abstract: Although it is commonly believed that aggregate economic growth must be associated with public infrastructure stocks, the possible infrastructure needs and effects are different from industry to industry. The agriculture sector is typical. Various infrastructures would affect agriculture growth differently depending on the type of commodity. This paper finds that a general transport network is essential to promote coffee and cocoa production, perhaps along with irrigation facilities, depending on local rainfall. Conversely, along with the transport network, the dairy industry necessitates rural water supply services as well. In some African countries, a 1 percent improvement in these key aspects of infrastructure could raise GDP by about 0.1-0.4 percent, and by possibly by several percent in some cases
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (29 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Bussolo, Maurizio Do Remittances Have A Flip Side ?
    Keywords: Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Effects ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; General Equilibrium ; High Unemployment ; Information ; Investment ; Labor ; Labor ; Labor Costs ; Labor Demand ; Labor Force ; Labor Force Participation ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Effects ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; General Equilibrium ; High Unemployment ; Information ; Investment ; Labor ; Labor ; Labor Costs ; Labor Demand ; Labor Force ; Labor Force Participation ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Effects ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; General Equilibrium ; High Unemployment ; Information ; Investment ; Labor ; Labor ; Labor Costs ; Labor Demand ; Labor Force ; Labor Force Participation ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Econometric analysis has established a negative relationship between labor supply and remittances in Jamaica. The authors incorporate this ex-post evidence in a general equilibrium model to investigate economywide effects of increased remittance inflows. In this model, remittances reduce labor force participation by increasing the reservation wages of recipients. This exacerbates the real exchange rate appreciation, hurting Jamaica's export base and small manufacturing import-competing sector. Within the narrow margins of maneuver of a highly indebted government, the authors show that a revenue-neutral policy response of a simultaneous reduction in payroll taxes and increase in sales taxes can effectively counteract these potentially negative effects of remittances
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (39 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Iimi, Atsushi Infrastructure And Trade Preferences For The Livestock Sector
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Competitiveness ; Cred Demand ; Culture ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Equations ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; GDP ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Middle Income Countries ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Policy ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Competitiveness ; Cred Demand ; Culture ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Equations ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; GDP ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Middle Income Countries ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Policy ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Competitiveness ; Cred Demand ; Culture ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Equations ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; GDP ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Middle Income Countries ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Policy ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning
    Abstract: Trade preferences are expected to facilitate global market integration and offer the potential for rapid economic growth and poverty reduction for developing countries. But those preferences do not always guarantee sustainable external competitiveness to beneficiary countries and may risk discouraging their efforts to improve underlying productivity. This paper examines the EU beef import market where several African countries have been granted preferential treatment. The estimation results suggest that profitability improvement achieved by countries under the Cotonou protocol compares unfavorably with the returns to nonbeneficiary countries in recent years. Rather, it shows that public infrastructure, such as paved roads, has an important role in lowering production costs and thus increasing external competitiveness and market shares
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (22 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Bussolo, Maurizio Challenges To MDG Achievement In Low Income Countries
    Keywords: Development Strategies ; Economic Theory and Research ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Development ; Income Inequality ; International Community ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Millennium Declaration ; Millennium Development Goals ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Progress ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public Sector Expenditure Analysis and Management ; Social Services ; Development Strategies ; Economic Theory and Research ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Development ; Income Inequality ; International Community ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Millennium Declaration ; Millennium Development Goals ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Progress ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public Sector Expenditure Analysis and Management ; Social Services ; Development Strategies ; Economic Theory and Research ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Development ; Income Inequality ; International Community ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Millennium Declaration ; Millennium Development Goals ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Progress ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public Sector Expenditure Analysis and Management ; Social Services
    Abstract: This paper summarizes the policy lessons from applications of the Maquette for MDG Simulations (MAMS) model to two low income countries: Ghana and Honduras. Results show that costs of MDGs achievement could reach 10-13 percent of GDP by 2015, although, given the observed low productivity in the provision of social services, significant savings may be realized by improving efficiency. Sources of financing also matter: foreign aid inflows can reduce international competitiveness through real exchange appreciation, while domestic financing can crowd out the private sector and slow poverty reduction. Spending a large share of a fixed budget on growth-enhancing infrastructure may mean sacrificing some human development, even if higher growth is usually associated with lower costs of social services. The pursuit of MDGs increases demand for skills: while this encourages higher educational attainments, in the short term this could lead to increased income inequality and a lower poverty elasticity of growth
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (33 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Bussolo, Maurizio Global Growth And Distribution
    Keywords: Development Economics ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; General Equilibrium Model ; Growth Rates ; High Growth ; Income ; Income Distribution ; Incomes ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Middle Class ; Policy Research ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Development Economics ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; General Equilibrium Model ; Growth Rates ; High Growth ; Income ; Income Distribution ; Incomes ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Middle Class ; Policy Research ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Development Economics ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; General Equilibrium Model ; Growth Rates ; High Growth ; Income ; Income Distribution ; Incomes ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Middle Class ; Policy Research ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: Over the past 20 years, aggregate measures of global inequality have changed little even if significant structural changes have been observed. High growth rates of China and India lifted millions out of poverty, while the stagnation in many African countries caused them to fall behind. Using the World Bank's LINKAGE global general equilibrium model and the newly developed Global Income Distribution Dynamics (GIDD) tool, this paper assesses the distribution and poverty effects of a scenario where these trends continue in the future. Even by anticipating a deceleration, growth in China and India is a key force behind the expected convergence of per-capita incomes at the global level. Millions of Chinese and Indian consumers will enter into a rapidly emerging global middle class-a group of people who can afford, and demand access to, the standards of living previously reserved mainly for the residents of developed countries. Notwithstanding these positive developments, fast growth is often characterized by high urbanization and growing demand for skills, both of which result in widening of income distribution within countries. These opposing distributional effects highlight the importance of analyzing global disparities by taking into account - as the GIDD does - income dynamics between and within countries
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (43 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Iimi, Atsushi Price Structure And Network Externalities In The Telecommunications Industry
    Keywords: Access to Markets ; Data ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Electricity ; Emerging Markets ; Fax ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Infrastructure Development ; International Economics & Trade ; International Telecommunication ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Mobile Phone ; Mobile Phone Subscribers ; Mobile Telephone ; Network ; Penetration Rate ; Private Sector Development ; Telecommunications Infrastructure ; Access to Markets ; Data ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Electricity ; Emerging Markets ; Fax ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Infrastructure Development ; International Economics & Trade ; International Telecommunication ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Mobile Phone ; Mobile Phone Subscribers ; Mobile Telephone ; Network ; Penetration Rate ; Private Sector Development ; Telecommunications Infrastructure ; Access to Markets ; Data ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Electricity ; Emerging Markets ; Fax ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Infrastructure Development ; International Economics & Trade ; International Telecommunication ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Mobile Phone ; Mobile Phone Subscribers ; Mobile Telephone ; Network ; Penetration Rate ; Private Sector Development ; Telecommunications Infrastructure
    Abstract: Many developing countries have experienced significant developments in their telecommunications network. Countries in Africa are no exception to this. The paper examines what factor facilitates most network expansion using micro data from 45 fixed-line and mobile telephone operators in 18 African countries. In theory the telecommunications sector has two sector-specific characteristics: network externalities and discriminatory pricing. It finds that many telephone operators in the region use peak and off-peak prices and termination-based price discrimination, but are less likely to rely on strategic fee schedules such as tie-in arrangements. The estimated demand function based on a discreet consumer choice model indicates that termination-based discriminatory pricing can facilitate network expansion. It also shows that the implied price-cost margins are significantly high. Thus, price liberalization could be conducive to development of the telecommunications network led by the private sector. Some countries in Africa are still imposing certain price restrictions. But more important, it remains a policy issue how the authorities should ensure reciprocal access between operators at reasonable cost
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